(#17183) Pass on parameters to recursive children in static_compiler

Pass on parameters from the top level resource to recursive children in
the static compiler.
The list of parameters to exclude is taken from the file type
implementation.
Propagate client noop value as a fact

This fixes: http://projects.puppetlabs.com/issues/6847

(which is also a workaround for: projects.puppetlabs.com/issues/20679)
(maint) Checks in a pair of useful dev tools

These are two scripts (not mine) which have been floating around, which
have proved useful for setting up a local puppet-master daemon for
testing, and for bisecting spec order failures.

I don't know that util is the best subdirectory for them to live in.
(maint) Clarify comments and link to puppet-master issue
(maint) Clean up comments for Resource::Type
(#21881) Add YARD docs for the format used by Puppet::Resource::Type
(#21881) Validate ResourceType against a json schema in tests
(#21881) Add documentation for Puppet::Indirection::ResourceType::Parser

This clarifies the use of this indirection somewhat and conforms better to
YARD syntax.
(doc) Add other markdown files to YARD
(#21881) Add API docs to YARD

This adds an api_docs directory with static markdown files which get included
in YARD output. The first thing documented is the resource_type http endpoint.
(doc) Notes on curl with dev-puppet-master script

And a change to dev-puppet-master to automatically copy auth.conf if not
already present.
(doc) Clarify a couple of comments under lib/puppet/

- 'should not be used in preference to' as 'should be avoided in favor of'
- '25K to 300 symbols to strings' as '25K symbols vs. 300 strings'
(maint) Various fixes (whitespace, etc)
(maint) Spelling fixes for code comments

'acutal' to 'actual'
'allowal' to 'allowable'
'cahe' to 'cache'
'corrosponding' to 'corresponding'
'dafault' to 'default'
'defauls' to 'defaults'
'defualts' to 'defaults'
'follwing' to 'following'
'manageing' to 'managing'
'managhome' to 'managehome'
'matchin' to 'matching'
'pupet' to 'puppet'
'repositry' to 'repository'
'terminii' to 'termini' (per Oxford, 'termini' or 'terminuses')
'ths' to 'this'
(maint) Typo fixes for code comments
Merge pull request #1801 from floatingatoll/patch-3

various documentation fixes
(#21881) Add error responses to resource_type http api

Adds responses seen for general cases of bad request or resource not
found when using the http api for resource_type.
(#21947) Add missing error message for ILLEGAL_NAME

The faulty behavior was triggered by interpolation of an illegal name.
e.g. "Contains $CONTRABAND".
Merge pull request #1804 from hlindberg/issues/issue-21947

(#21947) Add missing error message for ILLEGAL_NAME
Merge pull request #1788 from jpartlow/feature/master/utility-scripts

(maint) Checks in a pair of useful dev tools