src: Add StringBytes static util class

Four functions:

- StringBytes::SizeFast()
- StringBytes::SizePrecise()
- StringBytes::Write()
- StringBytes::Encode()
src: Use StringBytes in StreamWrap
src: use StringBytes for DecodeWrite/DecodeBytes/Encode

Bonus: this makes node::Encode actually work properly with base64,
ucs2, hex, etc.
buffer: DRY string encoding using StringBytes

This also templatizes the Buffer::*Slice functions, and the template
function probably cannot be safely used outside of Node.  However, it
also SHOULD not be used outside of Node, so this is arguably a feature
as well as a caveat.
crypto: Pass strings to binding layer directly
crypto: use StringBytes::Encode
crypto: Pass encodings to C++ for Sign/Verify
crypto: Pass encodings for Hmac digest