src: Remove outdated comment re assert()

It's a normal function now, not a macro.
process: Add internal _rawDebug() method

This is useful when we need to push some debugging messages out to
stderr, without going through the Writable class, or triggering any kind
of nextTick or callback behavior.
string_bytes: use extern for length and write utf8

If the string is external then the length can be quickly retrieved. This
is especially faster for large strings that are being treated as UTF8.
Also, if the string is external then there's no need for a full
String::WriteUtf8 operation. A simple memcpy will do.
build: remove unused Carbon dependency

Libuv as of joyent/libuv@d48168a no longer has link-time dependencies
on the Carbon framework or any other frameworks.