Add doc generation to Travis build script

This is a follow-up to #408.

This pull request adds a shell script for Travis which can do either normal build+test or doc generation depending on the environment variable `$TASK`. The variable is set in '.travis.yml':

```yaml
env:
  matrix:
    - TASK="build"
matrix:
  include:
    - env: TASK="doc"
```

In principle, this could be set up simpler:

```yaml
env:
  matrix:
    - TASK="build"
    - TASK="doc"
```

However this version would incur unnecessary work for Travis, because it schedules as many jobs as there are pairs compiler + environment variable. In our case compiler setting is irrelevant for doc generation.

The generated documentation is not published anywhere, so obviously '.travis.sh' has to be updated before merging this pull request.