Invent a "one-shot" variant of CachedPlans for better performance.

SPI_execute() and related functions create a CachedPlan, execute it once,
and immediately discard it, so that the functionality offered by
plancache.c is of no value in this code path.  And performance measurements
show that the extra data copying and invalidation checking done by
plancache.c slows down simple queries by 10% or more compared to 9.1.
However, enough of the SPI code is shared with functions that do need plan
caching that it seems impractical to bypass plancache.c altogether.
Instead, let's invent a variant version of cached plans that preserves
99% of the API but doesn't offer any of the actual functionality, nor the
overhead.  This puts SPI_execute() performance back on par, or maybe even
slightly better, than it was before.  This change should resolve recent
complaints of performance degradation from Dong Ye, Pavel Stehule, and
others.

By avoiding data copying, this change also reduces the amount of memory
needed to execute many-statement SPI_execute() strings, as for instance in
a recent complaint from Tomas Vondra.

An additional benefit of this change is that multi-statement SPI_execute()
query strings are now processed fully serially, that is we complete
execution of earlier statements before running parse analysis and planning
on following ones.  This eliminates a long-standing POLA violation, in that
DDL that affects the behavior of a later statement will now behave as
expected.

Back-patch to 9.2, since this was a performance regression compared to 9.1.
(In 9.2, place the added struct fields so as to avoid changing the offsets
of existing fields.)

Heikki Linnakangas and Tom Lane
Make some spelling more consistent
doc: Update CREATE FUNCTION compatibility information

Parameter defaults are actually in the SQL standard, while it was
previously claimed they were not.
Revert "PL/Python: Remove workaround for returning booleans in Python <2.3"

This reverts commit be0dfbad3671ed2503a2a661e70b48c5b364e069.

The previous information that Py_RETURN_TRUE and Py_RETURN_FALSE are
supported in Python 2.3 is wrong.  They require Python 2.4.  Update the
comment about that.
PL/Python: Make build on OS X more flexible

The PL/Python build on OS X was previously hardcoded to use the system
installation of Python, ignoring whatever was specified to configure.
Except that it would use the header files from configure, which could
lead to mismatches.  It was not possible to build against a custom
Python installation.

Now, we check in configure how the specified Python installation was
built and use that, supporting framework and non-framework builds.
Centralize single quote escaping in src/port/quotes.c

For code-reuse in upcoming functionality in pg_basebackup.

Zoltan Boszormenyi
Add support for generating minimal recovery.conf when doing base backups

Adds commandline option -R to pg_basebackup that creates a recovery.conf which
enables standby mode using the same parameters that pg_basebackup used to
connect to the master, and writes it into the output directory (or injects it
in the tar file when tar format is used).

Zoltan Boszormenyi, modified by Magnus Hagander, reviewed by Amit Kapila & Fujii Masao
Fix plpython build on older versions of OS X.

Pre-Lion versions of Apple's linker don't allow space between -F and its
argument.  (Snow Leopard is nice enough to tell you that in so many words,
but older versions just fail with very obscure link errors, as seen on
buildfarm member locust for instance.)  Oversight in commit
fc8745070a53469a43ecbf999dc5692a36a649cc.
Add new "-q" logging option (quiet mode) while in initialize mode
(-i), producing only one progress message per 5 seconds along with
elapsed time and estimated remaining time.  Also add elapsed time and
estimated remaining time to the default logging(prints one message
each 100000 rows).
Patch contributed by Tomas Vondra, reviewed by Jeevan Chalke and
Tatsuo Ishii.
Fix incorrect error message when schema-CREATE permission is absent.

Report by me.  Fix by KaiGai Kohei.
Fix a logic bug in pgindent.
Merge branch 'master' of git://git.postgresql.org/git/postgresql
Fix typo
Fix potential corruption of lock table in CREATE/DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY.

If VirtualXactLock() has to wait for a transaction that holds its VXID lock
as a fast-path lock, it must first convert the fast-path lock to a regular
lock.  It failed to take the required "partition" lock on the main
shared-memory lock table while doing so.  This is the direct cause of the
assert failure in GetLockStatusData() recently observed in the buildfarm,
but more worryingly it could result in arbitrary corruption of the shared
lock table if some other process were concurrently engaged in modifying the
same partition of the lock table.  Fortunately, VirtualXactLock() is only
used by CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY and DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY, so the
opportunities for failure are fewer than they might have been.

In passing, improve some comments and be a bit more consistent about
order of operations.
Allow parallel copy/link in pg_upgrade

This patch implements parallel copying/linking of files by tablespace
using the --jobs option in pg_upgrade.
Don't attempt to write recovery.conf when -R is not specified

Fixes segmentation fault during regular use.

Fujii Masao
Properly install ecpg_compat and pgtypes libraries on msvc

JiangGuiqing
Detect Windows perl linkage parameters in configure script.

This means we can now construct a configure test for the library
presence. Previously these parameters were only figured out at
build time in plperl's GnuMakefile.
Add explicit configure-time checks for perl.h and libperl.so.

Although most platforms seem to package Perl in such a way that these files
are present even in basic Perl installations, Debian does not.  Hence, make
an effort to fail during configure rather than build if --with-perl was
given and these files are lacking.  Per gripe from Josh Berkus.
Test linking libperl.so using only Perl's required libraries.

It appears that perl_embed_ldflags should already mention all the libraries
that are required by libperl.so itself.  So let's try the test link with
just those and not the other LIBS we've found up to now.  This should
more nearly reproduce what will happen when plperl is linked, and perhaps
will fix buildfarm member okapi's problem.