feat(util): add primitives for checking the amount of available stack space

Recursive functions that may go very deep should invoke the function check_stack. It throws an exception if the amount of stack space is limited.

The function check_system() is syntax sugar for
    check_interrupted();
    check_stack();

Signed-off-by: Leonardo de Moura <leonardo@microsoft.com>
feat(util): add primitives for checking the amount of available stack space