Refactor type combining to use default methods.  Woohoo!

This commit removes the "super_*" functions from
typeck::infer::combine, and adds them as default methods on the
Combine trait instead, making it possible to remove a lot of
boilerplate from the various impls of Combine.

I've been wanting to do this for over a year.  In fact, it was my
original motivation for default methods!

It might be possible to tighten things up even more, but this is the
bulk of it.
auto merge of #8669 : lkuper/rust/infer-refactor, r=nikomatsakis

This commit removes the "super_*" functions from
typeck::infer::combine, and adds them as default methods on the
Combine trait instead, making it possible to remove a lot of
boilerplate from the various impls of Combine.

I've been wanting to do this for over a year.  In fact, it was my
original motivation for default methods!

It might be possible to tighten things up even more, but this is the
bulk of it.