ENH: Added valley emphasis algorithm to OtsuMultipleThresholds

The valley emphasis algorithm is from H.F. Ng, "Automatic thresholding
for defect detection", Pattern Recognition Letters, (27): 1644-1649,
2006.  It is particularly effective when the object to be thresholded
is small.  Added a test to demonstrate the difference between turning
it off (itkOtsuMultipleThresholdsImageFilterTest3) and on
(itkOtsuMultipleThresholdsImageFilterTest4).

Most of the code in this patch was contributed by Glen Brooksby, GE
Global Research.

Change-Id: I748738644ba00d2ea5d5254e0e080aaeecc00f13
COMP: Clean up use of Dimensions in MetaImageIO.

For Coverity scan :

  CID 1081375 (#1 of 1): Uninitialized scalar variable (UNINIT)
  25. uninit_use_in_call: Using uninitialized value "*transformMatrix" when
  calling "MetaObject::TransformMatrix(double const *)".

Change-Id: I6b82c9b73f8aa52fc6e16604f9caf748c7384664
BUG: Match Convergence Window Precision

When computing registrations, the convergence windows computations
should be done in the same precision as the registration framework
in order to keep the computation precision consistent.

Change-Id: Id9d8724bc4fdc573b2d9b792c5dbc1d3f6fb36a2
COMP: Make sscanf format & variable match types

Addresses this issue:
https://issues.itk.org/jira/browse/ITK-3217

One of those gcc-only printf format check warnings.

Change-Id: If7f27745dc7fed0e3d1fe5c59fde685b38790d52
COMP: QuadrilateralCell Out-of-bounds-write.

From Coverity Scan:

  CID 1081058 (#2-1 of 4): Out-of-bounds write (OVERRUN)
  CID 1081058 (#3 of 4): Out-of-bounds write (OVERRUN)
  CID 1081058 (#4 of 4): Out-of-bounds write (OVERRUN)
  6. overrun-local: Overrunning array of 2 4-byte elements at element index 2
     (byte offset 8) by dereferencing pointer "x + j".

Change-Id: Ic3669d48624559509f594dc7f82f4caa2cd1b601
Merge topic 'coverity_merge1'

3bc1b8e COMP: Clean up use of Dimensions in MetaImageIO.
Merge topic 'FEMCompilerWarnings-3217'

e93f5ec COMP: Make sscanf format & variable match types
Merge topic 'coverity_quad'

7858bb8 COMP: QuadrilateralCell Out-of-bounds-write.
Merge topic 'ConvergenceWindowMatchType'

5189a19 BUG: Match Convergence Window Precision
Merge topic 'OtsuValleyEmphasis'

fb21473 ENH: Added valley emphasis algorithm to OtsuMultipleThresholds