fixup: verify uattr for usize and don't zero it
sched: SCHED_DEADLINE structures & implementation

Introduces the data structures, constants and symbols needed for
SCHED_DEADLINE implementation.

Core data structure of SCHED_DEADLINE are defined, along with their
initializers. Hooks for checking if a task belong to the new policy
are also added where they are needed.

Adds a scheduling class, in sched/dl.c and a new policy called
SCHED_DEADLINE. It is an implementation of the Earliest Deadline
First (EDF) scheduling algorithm, augmented with a mechanism (called
Constant Bandwidth Server, CBS) that makes it possible to isolate
the behaviour of tasks between each other.

The typical -deadline task will be made up of a computation phase
(instance) which is activated on a periodic or sporadic fashion. The
expected (maximum) duration of such computation is called the task's
runtime; the time interval by which each instance need to be completed
is called the task's relative deadline. The task's absolute deadline
is dynamically calculated as the time instant a task (better, an
instance) activates plus the relative deadline.

The EDF algorithms selects the task with the smallest absolute
deadline as the one to be executed first, while the CBS ensures each
task to run for at most its runtime every (relative) deadline
length time interval, avoiding any interference between different
tasks (bandwidth isolation).
Thanks to this feature, also tasks that do not strictly comply with
the computational model sketched above can effectively use the new
policy.

To summarize, this patch:
 - introduces the data structures, constants and symbols needed;
 - implements the core logic of the scheduling algorithm in the new
   scheduling class file;
 - provides all the glue code between the new scheduling class and
   the core scheduler and refines the interactions between sched/dl
   and the other existing scheduling classes.

Cc: bruce.ashfield@windriver.com
Cc: claudio@evidence.eu.com
Cc: darren@dvhart.com
Cc: dhaval.giani@gmail.com
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: harald.gustafsson@ericsson.com
Cc: hgu1972@gmail.com
Cc: insop.song@gmail.com
Cc: jkacur@redhat.com
Cc: johan.eker@ericsson.com
Cc: liming.wang@windriver.com
Cc: luca.abeni@unitn.it
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Cc: nicola.manica@disi.unitn.it
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: p.faure@akatech.ch
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Cc: tommaso.cucinotta@sssup.it
Cc: vincent.guittot@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: Michael Trimarchi <michael@amarulasolutions.com>
Signed-off-by: Fabio Checconi <fchecconi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1383831828-15501-4-git-send-email-juri.lelli@gmail.com
fixup: Restore unlikely in rt_prio

Reported-by: Steven Rostedt
fixup: Call __setscheduler just once

Reported-by: Steven Rostedt
fixup: Use fields and not addresses in __checkparam_dl

Reported-by: Steven Rostedt
fixup: update rq clock inside dl_task_timer

While thoroughly testing SCHED_DEADLINE, we noticed a small glitch when
SCHED_DEADLINE was running on a NOHZ=y system. Analyzing the problem,
we found that at the time replenishment timer callback fires (dl_task_timer()
function is called), tsc and gtod values sometimes result to be highly
unconsistent. This means that we get an unconsistent value for exec_start
of the just replenished -deadline task, that it is throttled right back and
put to sleep without executing.

Differently from a "normal" enqueue, we enqueue back a throttled -deadline
task inside the timer callback, and it is not certain if a scheduler_tick()
occurred any close to this moment. Since sched_tick() calls sched_clock_tick()
to fix things between tsc and gtod (and to then update rq->clock), we
now do the same inside dl_task_timer() and this fixes the problem we were
experiencing.

Kudos to Fabio Checconi for helping debugging the thing :).

Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
sched: SCHED_DEADLINE SMP-related data structures & logic

Introduces data structures relevant for implementing dynamic
migration of -deadline tasks and the logic for checking if
runqueues are overloaded with -deadline tasks and for choosing
where a task should migrate, when it is the case.

Adds also dynamic migrations to SCHED_DEADLINE, so that tasks can
be moved among CPUs when necessary. It is also possible to bind a
task to a (set of) CPU(s), thus restricting its capability of
migrating, or forbidding migrations at all.

The very same approach used in sched_rt is utilised:
 - -deadline tasks are kept into CPU-specific runqueues,
 - -deadline tasks are migrated among runqueues to achieve the
   following:
    * on an M-CPU system the M earliest deadline ready tasks
      are always running;
    * affinity/cpusets settings of all the -deadline tasks is
      always respected.

Therefore, this very special form of "load balancing" is done with
an active method, i.e., the scheduler pushes or pulls tasks between
runqueues when they are woken up and/or (de)scheduled.
IOW, every time a preemption occurs, the descheduled task might be sent
to some other CPU (depending on its deadline) to continue executing
(push). On the other hand, every time a CPU becomes idle, it might pull
the second earliest deadline ready task from some other CPU.

To enforce this, a pull operation is always attempted before taking any
scheduling decision (pre_schedule()), as well as a push one after each
scheduling decision (post_schedule()). In addition, when a task arrives
or wakes up, the best CPU where to resume it is selected taking into
account its affinity mask, the system topology, but also its deadline.
E.g., from the scheduling point of view, the best CPU where to wake
up (and also where to push) a task is the one which is running the task
with the latest deadline among the M executing ones.

In order to facilitate these decisions, per-runqueue "caching" of the
deadlines of the currently running and of the first ready task is used.
Queued but not running tasks are also parked in another rb-tree to
speed-up pushes.

Cc: nicola.manica@disi.unitn.it
Cc: darren@dvhart.com
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: dhaval.giani@gmail.com
Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: fchecconi@gmail.com
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: harald.gustafsson@ericsson.com
Cc: hgu1972@gmail.com
Cc: insop.song@gmail.com
Cc: p.faure@akatech.ch
Cc: jkacur@redhat.com
Cc: raistlin@linux.it
Cc: johan.eker@ericsson.com
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: liming.wang@windriver.com
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Cc: luca.abeni@unitn.it
Cc: tommaso.cucinotta@sssup.it
Cc: michael@amarulasolutions.com
Cc: bruce.ashfield@windriver.com
Cc: vincent.guittot@linaro.org
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Cc: claudio@evidence.eu.com
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1383831828-15501-5-git-send-email-juri.lelli@gmail.com
sched: SCHED_DEADLINE avg_update accounting

Make the core scheduler and load balancer aware of the load
produced by -deadline tasks, by updating the moving average
like for sched_rt.

Cc: bruce.ashfield@windriver.com
Cc: claudio@evidence.eu.com
Cc: darren@dvhart.com
Cc: dhaval.giani@gmail.com
Cc: fchecconi@gmail.com
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: harald.gustafsson@ericsson.com
Cc: hgu1972@gmail.com
Cc: insop.song@gmail.com
Cc: jkacur@redhat.com
Cc: johan.eker@ericsson.com
Cc: liming.wang@windriver.com
Cc: luca.abeni@unitn.it
Cc: michael@amarulasolutions.com
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Cc: nicola.manica@disi.unitn.it
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: p.faure@akatech.ch
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Cc: tommaso.cucinotta@sssup.it
Cc: vincent.guittot@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1383831828-15501-6-git-send-email-juri.lelli@gmail.com
sched: Add period support for -deadline tasks

Make it possible to specify a period (different or equal than
deadline) for -deadline tasks. Relative deadlines (D_i) are used on
task arrivals to generate new scheduling (absolute) deadlines as "d =
t + D_i", and periods (P_i) to postpone the scheduling deadlines as "d
= d + P_i" when the budget is zero.

This is in general useful to model (and schedule) tasks that have slow
activation rates (long periods), but have to be scheduled soon once
activated (short deadlines).

Cc: bruce.ashfield@windriver.com
Cc: claudio@evidence.eu.com
Cc: darren@dvhart.com
Cc: dhaval.giani@gmail.com
Cc: fchecconi@gmail.com
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: hgu1972@gmail.com
Cc: insop.song@gmail.com
Cc: jkacur@redhat.com
Cc: johan.eker@ericsson.com
Cc: liming.wang@windriver.com
Cc: luca.abeni@unitn.it
Cc: michael@amarulasolutions.com
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Cc: nicola.manica@disi.unitn.it
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: p.faure@akatech.ch
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Cc: tommaso.cucinotta@sssup.it
Cc: vincent.guittot@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Harald Gustafsson <harald.gustafsson@ericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1383831828-15501-7-git-send-email-juri.lelli@gmail.com
sched: Add latency tracing for -deadline tasks

It is very likely that systems that wants/needs to use the new
SCHED_DEADLINE policy also want to have the scheduling latency of
the -deadline tasks under control.

For this reason a new version of the scheduling wakeup latency,
called "wakeup_dl", is introduced.

As a consequence of applying this patch there will be three wakeup
latency tracer:
 * "wakeup", that deals with all tasks in the system;
 * "wakeup_rt", that deals with -rt and -deadline tasks only;
 * "wakeup_dl", that deals with -deadline tasks only.

Cc: bruce.ashfield@windriver.com
Cc: claudio@evidence.eu.com
Cc: darren@dvhart.com
Cc: dhaval.giani@gmail.com
Cc: fchecconi@gmail.com
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: harald.gustafsson@ericsson.com
Cc: hgu1972@gmail.com
Cc: insop.song@gmail.com
Cc: jkacur@redhat.com
Cc: johan.eker@ericsson.com
Cc: liming.wang@windriver.com
Cc: luca.abeni@unitn.it
Cc: michael@amarulasolutions.com
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Cc: nicola.manica@disi.unitn.it
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: p.faure@akatech.ch
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Cc: tommaso.cucinotta@sssup.it
Cc: vincent.guittot@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1383831828-15501-9-git-send-email-juri.lelli@gmail.com
fixup: fix compile error of latency tracing for -deadline tasks

Reported-by: Steven Rostedt
fixup: correctly initialize wakeup_dl tracer

Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt
fixup: make trace_selftest use the new ABI
rtmutex: Turn the plist into an rb-tree

Turn the pi-chains from plist to rb-tree, in the rt_mutex code,
and provide a proper comparison function for -deadline and
-priority tasks.

This is done mainly because:
 - classical prio field of the plist is just an int, which might
   not be enough for representing a deadline;
 - manipulating such a list would become O(nr_deadline_tasks),
   which might be to much, as the number of -deadline task increases.

Therefore, an rb-tree is used, and tasks are queued in it according
to the following logic:
 - among two -priority (i.e., SCHED_BATCH/OTHER/RR/FIFO) tasks, the
   one with the higher (lower, actually!) prio wins;
 - among a -priority and a -deadline task, the latter always wins;
 - among two -deadline tasks, the one with the earliest deadline
   wins.

Queueing and dequeueing functions are changed accordingly, for both
the list of a task's pi-waiters and the list of tasks blocked on
a pi-lock.

Cc: bruce.ashfield@windriver.com
Cc: claudio@evidence.eu.com
Cc: darren@dvhart.com
Cc: dhaval.giani@gmail.com
Cc: fchecconi@gmail.com
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: harald.gustafsson@ericsson.com
Cc: hgu1972@gmail.com
Cc: insop.song@gmail.com
Cc: jkacur@redhat.com
Cc: johan.eker@ericsson.com
Cc: liming.wang@windriver.com
Cc: luca.abeni@unitn.it
Cc: michael@amarulasolutions.com
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Cc: nicola.manica@disi.unitn.it
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: p.faure@akatech.ch
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Cc: tommaso.cucinotta@sssup.it
Cc: vincent.guittot@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1383831828-15501-10-git-send-email-juri.lelli@gmail.com
sched: Drafted deadline inheritance logic

Some method to deal with rt-mutexes and make sched_dl interact with
the current PI-coded is needed, raising all but trivial issues, that
needs (according to us) to be solved with some restructuring of
the pi-code (i.e., going toward a proxy execution-ish implementation).

This is under development, in the meanwhile, as a temporary solution,
what this commits does is:
 - ensure a pi-lock owner with waiters is never throttled down. Instead,
   when it runs out of runtime, it immediately gets replenished and it's
   deadline is postponed;
 - the scheduling parameters (relative deadline and default runtime)
   used for that replenishments --during the whole period it holds the
   pi-lock-- are the ones of the waiting task with earliest deadline.

Acting this way, we provide some kind of boosting to the lock-owner,
still by using the existing (actually, slightly modified by the previous
commit) pi-architecture.

We would stress the fact that this is only a surely needed, all but
clean solution to the problem. In the end it's only a way to re-start
discussion within the community. So, as always, comments, ideas, rants,
etc.. are welcome! :-)

Cc: bruce.ashfield@windriver.com
Cc: claudio@evidence.eu.com
Cc: darren@dvhart.com
Cc: dhaval.giani@gmail.com
Cc: fchecconi@gmail.com
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: harald.gustafsson@ericsson.com
Cc: hgu1972@gmail.com
Cc: insop.song@gmail.com
Cc: jkacur@redhat.com
Cc: johan.eker@ericsson.com
Cc: liming.wang@windriver.com
Cc: luca.abeni@unitn.it
Cc: michael@amarulasolutions.com
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Cc: nicola.manica@disi.unitn.it
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: p.faure@akatech.ch
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Cc: tommaso.cucinotta@sssup.it
Cc: vincent.guittot@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1383831828-15501-11-git-send-email-juri.lelli@gmail.com
fixup: rtmutex: Fix compare of waiter prio and task prio

The conversion of the rt_mutex from using plist to rbtree eliminated
the use of the waiter->list_entry.prio, and instead used directly the
waiter->task->prio.

The problem with this is that the priority inheritance code relies on
the prio of the waiter being stored is different from the task's prio.
The change didn't take into account waiter->task == task, which makes
the compares of:

	if (waiter->task->prio == task->prio)

rather pointless, since they will always be the same:

	task->pi_blocked_on = waiter;
	waiter->task = task;

When deadlock detection is not being used (for internal users of
rt_mutex_lock(); things other than futex), the code relies on
the prio associated to the waiter being different than the prio
associated to the task.

Another use case where this is critical, is when a task that is
blocked on an rt_mutex has its priority increased by a separate task.
Then the compare in rt_mutex_adjust_pi() (called from
sched_setscheduler()), returns without doing anything. This is because
it checks if the priority of the task is different than the priority of
its waiter.

The simple solution is to add a prio member to the rt_mutex_waiter
structure that associates the priority to the waiter that is separate
from the task.

I created a test program that tests this case:

  http://rostedt.homelinux.com/code/pi_mutex_test.c

(too big to include in a change log) I'll work on getting this test
into other projects like LTP and the kernel (perf test?)

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
fixup: enqueue waiters by their prio
sched: Add bandwidth management for sched_dl

In order of -deadline scheduling to be effective and useful, it is
important that some method of having the allocation of the available
CPU bandwidth to tasks and task groups under control.
This is usually called "admission control" and if it is not performed
at all, no guarantee can be given on the actual scheduling of the
-deadline tasks.

Since when RT-throttling has been introduced each task group have a
bandwidth associated to itself, calculated as a certain amount of
runtime over a period. Moreover, to make it possible to manipulate
such bandwidth, readable/writable controls have been added to both
procfs (for system wide settings) and cgroupfs (for per-group
settings).
Therefore, the same interface is being used for controlling the
bandwidth distrubution to -deadline tasks and task groups, i.e.,
new controls but with similar names, equivalent meaning and with
the same usage paradigm are added.

However, more discussion is needed in order to figure out how
we want to manage SCHED_DEADLINE bandwidth at the task group level.
Therefore, this patch adds a less sophisticated, but actually
very sensible, mechanism to ensure that a certain utilization
cap is not overcome per each root_domain (the single rq for !SMP
configurations).

Another main difference between deadline bandwidth management and
RT-throttling is that -deadline tasks have bandwidth on their own
(while -rt ones doesn't!), and thus we don't need an higher level
throttling mechanism to enforce the desired bandwidth.

This patch, therefore:
 - adds system wide deadline bandwidth management by means of:
    * /proc/sys/kernel/sched_dl_runtime_us,
    * /proc/sys/kernel/sched_dl_period_us,
   that determine (i.e., runtime / period) the total bandwidth
   available on each CPU of each root_domain for -deadline tasks;
 - couples the RT and deadline bandwidth management, i.e., enforces
   that the sum of how much bandwidth is being devoted to -rt
   -deadline tasks to stay below 100%.

This means that, for a root_domain comprising M CPUs, -deadline tasks
can be created until the sum of their bandwidths stay below:

    M * (sched_dl_runtime_us / sched_dl_period_us)

It is also possible to disable this bandwidth management logic, and
be thus free of oversubscribing the system up to any arbitrary level.

Cc: bruce.ashfield@windriver.com
Cc: claudio@evidence.eu.com
Cc: darren@dvhart.com
Cc: dhaval.giani@gmail.com
Cc: fchecconi@gmail.com
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: harald.gustafsson@ericsson.com
Cc: hgu1972@gmail.com
Cc: insop.song@gmail.com
Cc: jkacur@redhat.com
Cc: johan.eker@ericsson.com
Cc: liming.wang@windriver.com
Cc: luca.abeni@unitn.it
Cc: michael@amarulasolutions.com
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Cc: nicola.manica@disi.unitn.it
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: p.faure@akatech.ch
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Cc: tommaso.cucinotta@sssup.it
Cc: vincent.guittot@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1383831828-15501-12-git-send-email-juri.lelli@gmail.com
sched: make dl_bw a sub-quota of rt_bw

Change real-time bandwidth management as to make dl_bw a sub-quota
of rt_bw. This patch leaves rt_bw at its default value and sets
dl_bw at 40% of rt_bw. It also remove sched_dl_period_us control
knob using sched_rt_period_us as common period for both rt_bw and
dl_bw.

Checks are made when the user tries to change dl_bw sub-quota as to
not fall below what currently used. Since dl_bw now depends upon
rt_bw, similar checks are performed when the users modifies rt_bw
and dl_bw is changed accordingly. Setting rt_bw sysctl variable to
-1 (actually disabling rt throttling) disables dl_bw checks as well.

Cc: bruce.ashfield@windriver.com
Cc: claudio@evidence.eu.com
Cc: darren@dvhart.com
Cc: dhaval.giani@gmail.com
Cc: fchecconi@gmail.com
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: harald.gustafsson@ericsson.com
Cc: hgu1972@gmail.com
Cc: insop.song@gmail.com
Cc: jkacur@redhat.com
Cc: johan.eker@ericsson.com
Cc: liming.wang@windriver.com
Cc: luca.abeni@unitn.it
Cc: michael@amarulasolutions.com
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Cc: nicola.manica@disi.unitn.it
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: p.faure@akatech.ch
Cc: raistlin@linux.it
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Cc: tommaso.cucinotta@sssup.it
Cc: vincent.guittot@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1383831828-15501-13-git-send-email-juri.lelli@gmail.com
fixup: align _*param_dl to the new ABI