Check that uniform block link errors are detected when skipping stages.

In Mesa, as of commit f38ac41, uniform blocks are only validated
between adjacent shader stages.  That means that if a program contains
vertex, geometry, and fragment shader stages, and the vertex and
fragment shader stages refer to a uniform block that isn't referred to
by the geometry stage, then some linker checks may not be performed.

Most possible link errors get detected at a later stage of linking,
but I found one case that wasn't; this test exercises that case.

Test is known to fail with Mesa f38ac41.