Fix issue 11598 - uniform could be faster for integrals

These changes retain the uniform quality of this function while, in the
common case, cutting the number of division operations in half.

Additionally, extra unittests were added to assure that all of the
bounds were tested properly.
Fix 8167 (identity constructor) and 9061 (bitwise ops)
Removed unnecessary allocation and computation
Fixed compilation errors on 64-bit platforms (hopefully)
Fix formatting issues
Include algorithm documentation for integral uniform
Remove special-case check on rare condition

A special case was checked that only occurs when calling uniform with a range of only one element. This was not necessary to keep the math correct and represented a slight slowdown in the common case for no apparent benefit.
Fixed trailing whitespace
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/D-Programming-Language/phobos

Conflicts:
	std/bigint.d
Got rid of expensive AddOrSubInt call (and related allocation).
Added description of logical (bitwise) operations.
Removed unnecessary allocations in twosComplement call.
fix adding an ArchiveMember to another ZipArchive
Use __traits.d(getAliasThis)
Fix for nested alias this.
Change DDoc examples in std.algorithm to documented unittests

Examples with text succeeding them that is not associated with
another example are left as-is.
Fix std.algorithm.splitter example
Fix std.algorithm.find examples
Fix std.algorithm.findAdjacent example
Fix std.algorithm.partition3 example