Refactor cookbook to support Windows.

Other refactoring:

* Eliminate LWRP for installation. I wasn't sure why it was done this way, but it didn't seem necessary as installation isn't something that we repeat multiple times with different parameters.
* Fix broken "project" LWRP. Can't compute values based on new_resource at compile time since it doesn't exist yet.
* Added test-kitchen support. Validated that the cookbook works on CentOS 6.5, Ubuntu, and Windows.