Increase non-PV IID search depth

bench: 5146380
Update bestValue when futility pruning (2)

Same idea of 5af8179647b9e80353c
in qsearch() but applied to search()

After 15500 games at 15+0.05
ELO: 4.48 +-3.4 (95%) LOS: 99.5%
Total: 15500 W: 3061 L: 2861 D: 9578

bench: 4985829
Raise Min Split Depth

Raise the limit to 12 so to allow people to test
on many cores machines.

Suggested by Gary and Martin.

No functional change.
Merge branch 'master' into increase_iid
Set IID half way between d/2 and d-4

Master IID formula is depth / 2
Previous patch is depth - 4 * ONE_PLY

This one is the middle way:

(dept/2 + depth-4*ONE_PLY)/2  -> depth-2*ONE_PLY-depth/4

After 16000 games at 60+0.05 th 1
ELO: 4.08 +-3.1 (95%) LOS: 99.5%
Total: 16000 W: 2742 L: 2554 D: 10704

bench: 4781239
Double Impact of Gain tables

Very unorthodox idea.

After 16000 games at 60"+0.05
ELO: 3.14 +-3.4 (95%) LOS: 96.6%
Total: 13407 W: 2278 L: 2157 D: 8972

bench: 4705335
Don't early stop if we have a mated score

No functional change.
Revert "Double Impact of Gain tables"

This reverts commit 36c82b751ce227c05bfb

Seems a regression against 2.3.1 tested with 20K games at 60"+0.05

With patch applied
ELO: 15.44 +-2.8 (95%) LOS: 100.0%
Total: 20000 W: 3928 L: 3040 D: 13032

Without patch applied
ELO: 18.76 +-2.8 (95%) LOS: 100.0%
Total: 20000 W: 3903 L: 2824 D: 13273

bench: 4781239
Lower minimum allowed TT size to 1 MB

Setting a very low TT size could be used
for some specific testing.

No functional change.
Introduce asymmetric SEE.

No functional change
Fix a silly bug
Make use of asymmetric SEE
Increase null verification threshold to 12 plies

Increasing depth limit to 10 plies seems stronger
after 16K games at 15"+0.05 (ELO: +3.56) and also
repeating the test at 60"+0.05 TC:

ELO: 2.08 +-3.1 (95%) LOS: 90.9%
Total: 16000 W: 2641 L: 2545 D: 10814

Moreover setting the limit to 12 is proved stronger
then limit set to 10 by direct SPRT test at 15"+0.05:

ELO: 2.56 +-2.0 (95%) LOS: 99.5%
Total: 46568 W: 9240 L: 8897 D: 28431

So we directly set the limit to 12, the strongest setup.

bench: 4361224
Re-add 'Cowardice' and 'Aggressiveness' UCI options

I have lost my bet with Jean-Paul, so now I re-add
the two options...and I am glad of it :-)

No functional change.
Tweak some UCI parameters

According to Jean-Paul this setup should be stronger
than default.

And SPRT test seems to confirm it:

At fast TC 15"+0.05
ELO: 3.33 +-2.7 (95%) LOS: 99.2%
Total: 25866 W: 5461 L: 5213 D: 15192

At longer TC 60"+0.05
ELO: 7.27 +-5.0 (95%) LOS: 99.8%
Total: 6544 W: 1212 L: 1075 D: 4257

bench: 5473339

Signed-off-by: Marco Costalba <mcostalba@gmail.com>
Rescale UCI parameters to 100

And correspondingly modify internal ones
to compensate it.

No functional change.
Don't treat king safety differently in AnalysisMode

Rationale:

- Current settings seem to make engine *significantly* weaker in analysis mode.
- In practice this setting only has effect when king safety scores are high.
- Even in analysis mode its far more important to know if one side is getting mated,
rather than get evaluation correct with 1cp accuracy.

No functional change
Document asymmetric SEE pruning trick

Here are the tests:

sprt @ 60+0.05
ELO: 3.53 +-2.8 (95%) LOS: 99.3%
Total: 18794 W: 3098 L: 2907 D: 12789

16000 @ 60+0.05
ELO: 1.39 +-3.1 (95%) LOS: 81.0%
Total: 16000 W: 2689 L: 2625 D: 10686

16000 @ 15+0.05
ELO: 2.82 +-3.3 (95%) LOS: 95.1%
Total: 16000 W: 3148 L: 3018 D: 9834

No functional change

Signature: 4969307
Simplify and speed up previous patch

Use an optinal argument instead of a template
parameter. Interestingly, not only is simpler,
but also faster, perhaps due to less L1 instruction
cache pressure because we don't duplicate the very
used SEE code path.

No functional change.
Always check repetition

It seems stronger both at fast 15+0.05 TC with fixed game number test:
ELO: 2.74 +-2.7 (95%) LOS: 97.6%
Total: 24000 W: 4698 L: 4509 D: 14793

And also at long 60+0.05 TC with SPRT
LLR: 3.05 (-2.94,2.94)
Total: 38986 W: 6845 L: 6547 D: 25594

bench: 5157061