Port surrounding_space cops to Parser.

Ported cops are `SpaceAroundOperators`, `SpaceAroundBraces`,
`SpaceInsideParens`, `SpaceInsideBrackets`, `SpaceInsideHashLiteralBraces`,
`SpaceAroundEqualsInParameterDefault`.

There are still some differences when I run these cops on a large code base and compare the result to the latest gem version, but I don't want to wait too long. It's better to make the PR now and get some feedback and/or help.