Merge edits and remove components

Merge all of my edits, remove the "Components" section, and add a TOC.

I assume the "Components" section wasn't meant for the final draft.

If you like all of my edits, here's the complete merge for you.  Feel free to pick and choose.

Edit:  Fix some of the errors pointed out by @wfspotz (and add "communication padding" and "boundary padding" TODOs to Definitions section.)  @wfspotz: I'll make your other discussion points into issues.