Fix thinko in matview patch.

"break" instead of "continue" suppressed view expansion for views appearing
later in the range table.  Per report from Erikjan Rijkers.

While at it, improve the associated comment a bit.
Avoid generating bad remote SQL for INSERT ... DEFAULT VALUES.

"INSERT INTO foo() VALUES ()" is invalid syntax, so don't do that.
Fix postgres_fdw's issues with inconsistent interpretation of data values.

For datatypes whose output formatting depends on one or more GUC settings,
we have to worry about whether the other server will interpret the value
the same way it was meant.  pg_dump has been aware of this hazard for a
long time, but postgres_fdw needs to deal with it too.  To fix data
retrieval from the remote server, set the necessary remote GUC settings at
connection startup.  (We were already assuming that settings made then
would persist throughout the remote session.)  To fix data transmission to
the remote server, temporarily force the relevant GUCs to the right values
when we're about to convert any data values to text for transmission.

This is all pretty grotty, and not very cheap either.  It's tempting to
think of defining one uber-GUC that would override any settings that might
render printed data values unportable.  But of course, older remote servers
wouldn't know any such thing and would still need this logic.

While at it, revert commit f7951eef89be78c50ea2241f593d76dfefe176c9, since
this provides a real fix.  (The timestamptz given in the error message
returned from the "remote" server will now reliably be shown in UTC.)
Avoid row-processing-order dependency in postgres_fdw regression test.

A test intended to provoke an error on the remote side was coded in such
a way that multiple rows should be updated, so the output would vary
depending on which one was processed first.  Per buildfarm.
Fix orthotypographical mistake

Apparently I lost some of the edits I had done on this page for commit
0ac5ad5134.

Per note from Etsuro Fujita, although I didn't use his patch.

Make some of the wording in the affected section a bit more complete,
too.
Allow default expressions to be attached to columns of foreign tables.

There's still some discussion about exactly how postgres_fdw ought to
handle this case, but there seems no debate that we want to allow defaults
to be used for inserts into foreign tables.  So remove the core-code
restrictions that prevented it.

While at it, get rid of the special grammar productions for CREATE FOREIGN
TABLE, and instead add explicit FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED error checks for the
disallowed cases.  This makes the grammar a shade smaller, and more
importantly results in much more intelligible error messages for
unsupported cases.  It's also one less thing to fix if we ever start
supporting constraints on foreign tables.
Fix contrib/postgres_fdw's handling of column defaults.

Adopt the position that only locally-defined defaults matter.  Any defaults
defined in the remote database do not affect insertions performed through
a foreign table (unless they are for columns not known to the foreign
table).  While it'd arguably be more useful to permit remote defaults to be
used, making that work in a consistent fashion requires far more work than
seems possible for 9.3.
Fix documentation oversight.

Mention that PlanForeignModify's result must be copiable by copyObject.
Introduce less-bogus handling of collations in contrib/postgres_fdw.

Treat expressions as being remotely executable only if all collations used
in them are determined by Vars of the foreign table.  This means that, if
the foreign server gets different answers than we do, it's the user's fault
for not having marked the foreign table columns with collations equivalent
to the remote table's.  This rule allows most simple expressions such as
"var < 'constant'" to be sent to the remote side, because the constant
isn't determining the collation (the Var's collation would win).  There's
still room for improvement, but it's hard to see how to do it without a
lot more knowledge and/or assumptions about what the remote side will do.
Fix bug in dumping prior releases due to MV REFRESH dependency checking.

Reports and suggested patches from Fujii Masao and Andrew Dunstan.

Andrew Dunstan
Add regression tests for XML mapping of domains

Pavel Stěhule
Add cost estimation of range @> and <@ operators.

The estimates are based on the existing lower bound histogram, and a new
histogram of range lengths.

Bump catversion, because the range length histogram now needs to be present
in statistic slot kind 6, or you get an error on @> and <@ queries. (A
re-ANALYZE would be enough to fix that, though)

Alexander Korotkov, with some refactoring by me.
Change the way UESCAPE is lexed, to reduce the size of the flex tables.

The error rule used to avoid backtracking with the U&'...' UESCAPE 'x'
syntax bloated the flex tables, so refactor that. This patch makes the error
rule shorter, by introducing a new exclusive flex state that's entered after
parsing U&'...'. This shrinks the postgres binary by about 220kB.
Avoid inserting Result nodes that only compute identity projections.

The planner sometimes inserts Result nodes to perform column projections
(ie, arbitrary scalar calculations) above plan nodes that lack projection
logic of their own.  However, we did that even if the lower plan node was
in fact producing the required column set already; which is a pretty common
case given the popularity of "SELECT * FROM ...".  Measurements show that
the useless plan node adds non-negligible overhead, especially when there
are many columns in the result.  So add a check to avoid inserting a Result
node unless there's something useful for it to do.

There are a couple of remaining places where unnecessary Result nodes
could get inserted, but they are (a) much less performance-critical,
and (b) coded in such a way that it's hard to avoid inserting a Result,
because the desired tlist is changed on-the-fly in subsequent logic.
We'll leave those alone for now.

Kyotaro Horiguchi; reviewed and further hacked on by Amit Kapila and
Tom Lane.
Minor fixes for hstore_to_json_loose().

Fix unportable use of isdigit(), get rid of useless calculations.
Also update psqlscan.l with the UESCAPE error rule changes.

Even though this patch had no user-visible difference, better keep the code
in psqlscan.l sync with the backend lexer. And of course it's nice to shrink
the psql binary, too. Ecpg's version of the lexer doesn't have the error
rule, it doesn't try to avoid backing up, so it doesn't need to be modified.

As reminded by Tom Lane
Add regression test for MV join to view.

This would have caught a bug in the initial patch, and seems like
a good thing to test going forward.

Per bug report by Erik Rijkers and fix by Tom Lane
Revert unnecessary change in MV call to checkRuleResultList().

Due to a misreading of the function's comment block, there was an
unneeded change to a call in rewriteDefine.c.  There is, in fact
no reason to pass false for a MV; it should be true just like a
view.

Fixes issue pointed out by Tom Lane
Avoid inserting no-op Limit plan nodes.

This was discussed in connection with the patch to avoid inserting no-op
Result nodes, but not actually implemented therein.
Extend format() to handle field width and left/right alignment.

This change adds some more standard sprintf() functionality to format().

Pavel Stehule, reviewed by Dean Rasheed and Kyotaro Horiguchi