Fix a typo in a rt::io::signal test

It was pretty much a miracle that these tests were ever passing. They would
never have passed in the single threaded case because only one sigint in the
tests is ever generated, but when run in parallel two sigints will be generated.
auto merge of #10026 : luqmana/rust/mut-pat, r=pcwalton

Fixes #9792.
Ignore a test which never completes on windows

I'm not entirely sure why this is happening, but the server task is never seeing
the second send of the client task, and this test will very reliably fail to
complete on windows.
make the bottom type immediate

Before:

    define void @_ZN3bar19h9d9b965357abc043af4v0.0E({}* noalias nocapture readnone sret, { i64, %tydesc*, i8*, i8*, i8 }* nocapture readnone)

After:

    define void @_ZN3bar19h9d9b965357abc043af4v0.0E({ i64, %tydesc*, i8*, i8*, i8 }* nocapture readnone)
rustpkg: Build dependencies into the correct workspace when using --rust-path-hack

When invoked with the --rust-path-hack flag, rustpkg was correctly building
the package into the default workspace (and not into the build/ subdirectory of the
parent directory of the source directory), but not correctly putting the output
for any dependencies into the default workspace as well.

Spotted by Jack.
Clarify that the SipHash implementation has not be validated for cryptographic purposes.
mark bounds check failures as the cold path

LLVM is unable to determine this for most cases.

http://llvm-reviews.chandlerc.com/D2034 needs to land upstream before
this is going to have an effect. It's harmless to start generating the
expect hint now.
Update workcache to no longer use Sha1.
Remove MD5 and Sha2. Move Sha1 and support code into librustpkg.
Add a comment to Sha1 that its not suitable for cryptogrpahic uses.
Remove dead code from cryptoutil.rs and remove macro_rules feature flag.
Remove MD4.
Integrate the code in the digest and cryptoutil modules directly into the sha1 module.
auto merge of #10098 : alexcrichton/rust/attempts, r=alexcrichton

It was pretty much a miracle that these tests were ever passing. They would
never have passed in the single threaded case because only one sigint in the
tests is ever generated, but when run in parallel two sigints will be generated.
auto merge of #10080 : brson/rust/sched_queue, r=brson

Rebase and update of #9710
auto merge of #9744 : DaGenix/rust/remove-crypto, r=alexcrichton

Remove the Sha1, Sha2, MD5, and MD4 algorithms. SipHash is also cryptographically secure hash function and IsaacRng is a cryptographically secure RNG - I left those alone but removed comments that implied they were suitable for cryptographic use. I thought that MD4 was used for something by the compiler, but everything still seems to work with it removed, so, I guess not.

One thing that I'm not sure about - workcache.rs and workcache_support.rs (in librustpkg) both depend on Sha1. Without Sha1, the only hash function left is SipHash, so I switched that code over to use SipHash. The output size of SipHash is only 64-bits, however - much less than 160 for Sha1. I'm not sure this is a problem. Without other cryptographic hashes in the tree, I'm not sure what else to do. I considered moved Sha1 into librustpkg, but I don't know if that makes sense.

If merged, this closes #9300.
auto merge of #10050 : gifnksm/rust/ratio-methods, r=pcwalton

After merging 0ada7c7, user code have not been able to access to `Ratio`'s numerator and denominator fields.
In some algorithms, it is needed to get an rational number's numerator or denominator, but keeping these fields private is necessary for guaranteeing that `Ratio` numbers are irreducible.
So, I added the getter methods `numer()` and `denom()`.

As a bonus, this commit adds utility methods relating to the ratio-integer conversion.
Allow fail messages to be caught, and introduce the Any trait

Some code cleanup, sorting of import blocks

Removed std::unstable::UnsafeArc's use of Either

Added run-fail tests for the new FailWithCause impls

Changed future_result and try to return Result<(), ~Any>.

- Internally, there is an enum of possible fail messages passend around.
- In case of linked failure or a string message, the ~Any gets
  lazyly allocated in future_results recv method.
- For that, future result now returns a wrapper around a Port.
- Moved and renamed task::TaskResult into rt::task::UnwindResult
  and made it an internal enum.
- Introduced a replacement typedef `type TaskResult = Result<(), ~Any>`.
auto merge of #9967 : Kimundi/rust/fail_cause_two, r=huonw

# Summary

This PR allows the cause of a failure to be received in a task's future result and as the `Err` case of `task::try`, and also implements dynamic typing in form of an `Any` trait.

# Task failure

- `fail!` and related macros now accept 5 kinds of types: `~str`, `&'static str`, `std::send_str::SendStr`, `~std::any::Any` and `~T` where `T: Any + Send + 'static`
- `std::task::TaskResult` got transformed into an internal enum `std::rt::task::UnwindResult`,  and it's `Failure` variant now contains a value of enum type `UnwindReason`:
  - `UnwindReasonStr(SendStr)` maps to failing with a value of type `~str`, `&'static str` or `SendStr`.
  - `UnwindReasonAny(~Any)` maps to failing with an `~Any` or `~T` with `T: Send + 'static`.
  - `UnwindReasonLinked` maps to failing because the task got killed by linked failure.
- Instead, `std::task::TaskResult` is now a typedef for `Result<(), ~Any>`, and both `TaskBuilder`'s `future_result()` and `task::try` now work with a value of this type.
- `future_result()` no longer returns a `Port<TaskResult>`, instead it returns a wrapper `TaskResultPort` that implements `GenericPort` and `Peekable`, and which lazily allocates a `~` box and casts to `~Any` in case of failure with a `SendStr` or linked failure (for the latter case a unit struct `LinkedFailure` got added.)
- Because `fail!` collapses both `~str` and `&'static str` into a `SendStr`, checking if a task error value is a string will just require a `.is::<SendStr>()` check, with `~str` and `&'static str` only being possible in case of an explicit `fail!(~~"...")` or `fail!(~ (&"...") as ~Any)`:

# Any

- In order to allow failing with arbitrary data, the `Any` trait got implemented.
- It is being used in form of a trait object, usually `~Any` or `&Any`.
- `&Any`, `~Any` and `&mut Any` have a few extension methods implemented on them:
  - `is<T>(self) -> bool` returns true if the `Any` object contains type `T`
  - `as_ref<T>(self) -> Option<&T>` returns a reference to the contained type, if it is `T`
  - `as_mut<T>(self) -> Option<&mut T>` returns a mutable reference to the contained type, if it is `T`
  - `move<T>(self) -> Option<~T>` allows to get the `~T` out of an `~Any` again.
- `Any` currently uses type descriptors as a type id for comparisons, which is 
    - not reliable, as it is not guaranteed that every type has only one type descriptor.
    - But safe, as no two types share the same type descriptor.
- The implementation also a few `transmute`s, mostly to cast a `*Void` of the wrapped type into it's actual type `&T`, `&mut T` or `~T`.

# Other changes

- `std::unstable::UnsafeArc::try_unwrap` no longer uses `Either`, bringing us one step closer to removing that type.
- A few of the touched modules got their import lines sorted.
- A few stylistic cleanups here and there.
auto merge of #10083 : alexcrichton/rust/timer-port, r=pcwalton

In addition to being able to sleep the current task, timers should be able to
create ports which get notified after a period of time.

Closes #10014