performance improvements to joins!

Before:

Calculating -------------------------------------
                  ar        87 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
                  ar      823.4 (±11.8%) i/s -       4089 in   5.070234s

After:

Calculating -------------------------------------
                  ar        88 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
                  ar      894.1 (±3.9%) i/s -       4488 in   5.028161s

Same test as 3a6dfca7f5f5bd45cea2f6ac348178e72423e1d5
Merge pull request #7891 from schneems/schneems/rake_command_warning

Prompt to run rake when accidentally typed rails
Remove the queue container. Premature consolidation. Set up and maintain queues in the classes that use them instead.
Tighten up asset precompile tests
Backpedal from class-oriented config.queue. Set an actual queue instance.
Add a few more compute_asset_path tests
Allow asset url config to be undefined
1.9 hash syntax changes
Test that a Rails.queue consumer is automatically started in production
Replace double quotes with single quotes
Merge pull request #7935 from leereilly/minor-gemfile-twerk

Clean up Gemfile entry (replace double quotes with single quotes) [ci skip]
Fix a silly typo
Update guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.md

In this section we are actually updating 'my_new_branch'
#7914 get default value when type uses schema name
PostgreSQL adapter properly parses default values when using multiple
schemas and domains.

When using domains across schemas, PostgresSQL prefixes the type of the
default value with the name of the schema where that type (or domain) is.

For example, this query:
```
SELECT a.attname, d.adsrc
FROM pg_attribute a LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d
ON a.attrelid = d.adrelid AND a.attnum = d.adnum
WHERE a.attrelid = "defaults"'::regclass
AND a.attnum > 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped
ORDER BY a.attnum;
```

could return something like "'<default_value>'::pg_catalog.text" or
"(''<default_value>'::pg_catalog.text)::text" for the text columns with
defaults.

I modified the regexp used to parse this value so that it ignores
anything between ':: and \b(?:character varying|bpchar|text), and it
allows to have optional parens like in the above second example.
#7914 Add change of previous commit to CHANGELOG.md
#7914 Using a better way to get the defaults from db.

According to postgreSQL documentation:
(http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.2/static/catalog-pg-attrdef.html)
we should not be using 'adsrc' field because this field is unaware of
outside changes that could affect the way that default values are
represented. Thus, I changed the queries to use
"pg_get_expr(adbin, adrelid)" instead of the historical "adsrc" field.
#7914 Remove code for unsupported postgreSQL version.

Remove parsing of character type default values for 8.1 formatting since
Rails doesn't support postgreSQL 8.1 anymore.

Remove misleading comment unrelated to code.
Merge pull request #7937 from arturopie/7914-defaults-on-domains-and-multiple-schemas

Fixes #7914 - PostgreSQL adapter doesn't fetch column defaults when using multiple schemas and domains
Merge pull request #118 from patriciomacadden/master

Fix a typo in caching with rails guide
remove 'then' from conditional statement