Make psql's \d+ show reloptions for all relkinds.

Formerly it would only show them for relkinds 'r' and 'f' (plain tables
and foreign tables).  However, as of 9.2, views can also have reloptions,
namely security_barrier.  The relkind restriction seems pointless and
not at all future-proof, so just print reloptions whenever there are any.

In passing, make some cosmetic improvements to the code that pulls the
"tableinfo" fields out of the PGresult.

Noted and patched by Dean Rasheed, with adjustment for all relkinds by me.
Fix pg_upgrade to cope with non-default unix_socket_directory scenarios.

When starting either an old or new postmaster, force it to place its Unix
socket in the current directory.  This makes it even harder for accidental
connections to occur during pg_upgrade, and also works around some
scenarios where the default socket location isn't usable.  (For example,
if the default location is something other than "/tmp", it might not exist
during "make check".)

When checking an already-running old postmaster, find out its actual socket
directory location from postmaster.pid, if possible.  This dodges problems
with an old postmaster having a configured location different from the
default built into pg_upgrade's libpq.  We can't find that out if the old
postmaster is pre-9.1, so also document how to cope with such scenarios
manually.

In support of this, centralize handling of the connection-related command
line options passed to pg_upgrade's subsidiary programs, such as pg_dump.
This should make future changes easier.

Bruce Momjian and Tom Lane
Fix bugs in exec.c that prevented pg_upgrade working in Windows.

Backpatch to 9.2 - code before that is quite different and should
not have these defects.
Replace memcpy() calls in xlog.c critical sections with struct assignments.

This gets rid of a dangerous-looking use of the not-volatile XLogCtl
pointer in a couple of spinlock-protected sections, where the normal
coding rule is that you should only access shared memory through a
pointer-to-volatile.  I think the risk is only hypothetical not actual,
since for there to be a bug the compiler would have to move the spinlock
acquire or release across the memcpy() call, which one sincerely hopes
it will not.  Still, it looks cleaner this way.

Per comment from Daniel Farina and subsequent discussion.
Use correct path separator for Windows builtin commands.

pg_upgrade produces a platform-specific script to remove the old
directory, but on Windows it has not been making sure that the
paths it writes as arguments for rmdir and del use the backslash
path separator, which will cause these scripts to fail.

The fix is backpatched to Release 9.0.
In pg_upgrade, pull the port number from postmaster.pid, like we do for
socket location.  Also, prevent putting the socket in the current
directory for pre-9.1 servers in live check and non-live check mode,
because pre-9.1 pg_ctl -w can't handle it.

Backpatch to 9.2.
Allow pg_upgrade "make check" to run on Windows/MSys.

Backpatch to 9.2.
Fix to_date() and to_timestamp() to allow specification of the day of
the week via ISO or Gregorian designations.  The fix is to store the
day-of-week consistently as 1-7, Sunday = 1.

Fixes bug reported by Marc Munro
Indent fix_path_separator() header properly.
Remove some useless trailing whitespace

Michael Paquier
Fix command echoing in pg_upgade's analyze script for Windows.
Mention basebackup-from-slave next to cascading replication
Change "restoring" to "processing" in message from pg_dump

The same message is used in both pg_restore and pg_dump, and it's
confusing to output "restoring data for table xyz" when the user
is just doing a pg_dump.
Document that pg_upgrade requires PGHOST be set for any pre-9.1 servers
with a socket directory mismatch with the new server.

Backpatch to 9.2.
Fix transcription error.
Remove src/tool/backend, now that the content is on the web site and wiki.
Allow isolation tests to specify multiple setup blocks.

Each setup block is run as a single PQexec submission, and some
statements such as VACUUM cannot be combined with others in such a
block.

Backpatch to 9.2.

Kevin Grittner and Tom Lane
Fix serializable mode with index-only scans.

Serializable Snapshot Isolation used for serializable transactions
depends on acquiring SIRead locks on all heap relation tuples which
are used to generate the query result, so that a later delete or
update of any of the tuples can flag a read-write conflict between
transactions.  This is normally handled in heapam.c, with tuple level
locking.  Since an index-only scan avoids heap access in many cases,
building the result from the index tuple, the necessary predicate
locks were not being acquired for all tuples in an index-only scan.

To prevent problems with tuple IDs which are vacuumed and re-used
while the transaction still matters, the xmin of the tuple is part of
the tag for the tuple lock.  Since xmin is not available to the
index-only scan for result rows generated from the index tuples, it
is not possible to acquire a tuple-level predicate lock in such
cases, in spite of having the tid.  If we went to the heap to get the
xmin value, it would no longer be an index-only scan.  Rather than
prohibit index-only scans under serializable transaction isolation,
we acquire an SIRead lock on the page containing the tuple, when it
was not necessary to visit the heap for other reasons.

Backpatch to 9.2.

Kevin Grittner and Tom Lane
Fix bugs in cascading replication with recovery_target_timeline='latest'

The cascading replication code assumed that the current RecoveryTargetTLI
never changes, but that's not true with recovery_target_timeline='latest'.
The obvious upshot of that is that RecoveryTargetTLI in shared memory needs
to be protected by a lock. A less obvious consequence is that when a
cascading standby is connected, and the standby switches to a new target
timeline after scanning the archive, it will continue to stream WAL to the
cascading standby, but from a wrong file, ie. the file of the previous
timeline. For example, if the standby is currently streaming from the middle
of file 000000010000000000000005, and the timeline changes, the standby
will continue to stream from that file. However, the WAL on the new
timeline is in file 000000020000000000000005, so the standby sends garbage
from 000000010000000000000005 to the cascading standby, instead of the
correct WAL from file 000000020000000000000005.

This also fixes a related bug where a partial WAL segment is restored from
the archive and streamed to a cascading standby. The code assumed that when
a WAL segment is copied from the archive, it can immediately be fully
streamed to a cascading standby. However, if the segment is only partially
filled, ie. has the right size, but only N first bytes contain valid WAL,
that's not safe. That can happen if a partial WAL segment is manually copied
to the archive, or if a partial WAL segment is archived because a server is
started up on a new timeline within that segment. The cascading standby will
get confused if the WAL it received is not valid, and will get stuck until
it's restarted. This patch fixes that problem by not allowing WAL restored
from the archive to be streamed to a cascading standby until it's been
replayed, and thus validated.
In pg_upgrade, document why we can't issue \n\n in the command logfile
on Windows.  Slightly cleanup log output on Windows given this
restriction.

Backpatch to 9.2.