Throttle number of freed slabs based on nr_to_scan

Previously, the SPL tried to maintain Solaris semantics by freeing
all available (empty) slabs from its slab caches when the shrinker
was called. This is not desirable when running on Linux. To make
the SPL shrinker more Linux friendly, the actual number of freed
slabs from each of the slab caches is now derived from nr_to_scan
and skc_slab_objs.

Additionally, an accounting bug was fixed in spl_slab_reclaim()
which could cause us to reclaim one more slab than requested.

Signed-off-by: Prakash Surya <surya1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #101
Ignore slab cache age and delay in direct reclaim

When memory pressure triggers direct memory reclaim, a slabs age
and delay should not prevent it from being freed. This patch ensures
these values are ignored, allowing an empty slab to be freed in this
code path no matter the value of its age and delay.

This prevents needless scanning of the partial slabs and has been
observed to significantly reduce the total cpu usage.  In addition,
it should allow for snappier reclaim under memory pressure.

Signed-off-by: Prakash Surya <surya1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #102
Ensure direct reclaim forward progress

The Linux direct reclaim path uses this out of band value to
determine if forward progress is being made.  Normally this is
incremented by kmem_freepages() which is part of the various
Linux slab implementations.  However, since we are using none
of that infrastructure we're responsible for incrementing this
count.

If no forward progress is detected and a subsequent allocation
fails the OOM killer will be invoked.  If there was forward
progress additional reclaim will be attempted via the page
cache and registerd shrinker until the allocation succeeds.

Signed-off-by: Prakash Surya <surya1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #107
Ensure a minimum of one slab is reclaimed

To minimize the chance of triggering an OOM during direct reclaim.
The kmem caches have been improved to make a best effort to reclaim
at least one slab when a reclaim function is registered.  This helps
avoid the case where objects are released but they are spread over
multiple slabs so no memory gets reclaimed.

Care has been taken to avoid deadlocking if the reclaim function
is unable to make forward progress.  Additionally, the reclaim
function may be skipped entirely if there are already free slabs
which can be safely reaped.

Signed-off-by: Prakash Surya <surya1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #107
Add SPLAT test to exercise slab direct reclaim

This test is designed to verify that direct reclaim is functioning as
expected.  We allocate a large number of objects thus creating a large
number of slabs.  We then apply memory pressure and expect that the
direct reclaim path can easily recover those slabs.  The registered
reclaim function will free the objects and the slab shrinker will call
it repeatedly until at least a single slab can be freed.

Note it may not be possible to reclaim every last slab via direct reclaim
without a failure because the shrinker_rwsem may be contended.  For this
reason, quickly reclaiming 3/4 of the slabs is considered a success.

This should all be possible within 10 seconds.  For reference, on a
system with 2G of memory this test takes roughly 0.2 seconds to run.
It may take longer on larger memory systems but should still easily
complete in the alloted 10 seconds.

Signed-off-by: Prakash Surya <surya1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #107
Modify KM_PUSHPAGE to use GFP_NOIO instead of GFP_NOFS

The resolution of issue #31 made KM_PUSHPAGE imply GFP_NOFS.  This
was done to prevent situations where filesystem operations which are
holding locks enter direct reclaim and attempt to reaquire those
same locks.  This clearly will result in a deadlock.

This works for datasets which are implemented in terms for filesystem
operations.  But unfortunately, swapping to a zvol will encounter
many of the same deadlocks and GFP_NOFS will not prevent this.  As
such, it is appropriate to extend KM_PUSHPAGE to use the broader
GFP_NOIO mask to handle these non-filesystem cases.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue zfsonlinux/zfs#342
Closes #105