removeUnusedLinks(): Print stats on disk space saved by hard linking
nix-store --gc: Make ‘--max-freed 0’ do the right thing

That is, delete almost nothing (it will still remove unused links from
/nix/store/.links).
Drop the block count in the garbage collector
Count bytes freed deleting unused links
Fix race condition when two processes create the same link in /nix/store/.links
Fix race condition when two processes create a hard link to a file in .links

This is a problem because one process may set the immutable bit before
the second process has created its link.

Addressed random Hydra failures such as:

error: cannot rename `/nix/store/.tmp-link-17397-1804289383' to
`/nix/store/rsvzm574rlfip3830ac7kmaa028bzl6h-nixos-0.1pre-git/upstart-interface-version':
Operation not permitted
Handle amount of disk space saved by hard linking being negative

Fixes bogus messages like "currently hard linking saves
17592186044416.00 MiB".
Don't warn about maximum link count exceeded on 0-byte files
Add some basic profiling support to the evaluator

Setting the environment variable NIX_COUNT_CALLS to 1 enables some
basic profiling in the evaluator.  It will count calls to functions
and primops as well as evaluations of attributes.

For example, to see where evaluation of a NixOS configuration spends
its time:

$ NIX_SHOW_STATS=1 NIX_COUNT_CALLS=1 ./src/nix-instantiate/nix-instantiate '<nixos>' -A system --readonly-mode
...
calls to 39 primops:
    239532 head
    233962 tail
    191252 hasAttr
...
calls to 1595 functions:
    224157 `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos/nixpkgs/pkgs/lib/lists.nix:17:19'
    221767 `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos/nixpkgs/pkgs/lib/lists.nix:17:14'
    221767 `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos/nixpkgs/pkgs/lib/lists.nix:17:10'
...
evaluations of 7088 attributes:
    167377 undefined position
    132459 `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos/nixpkgs/pkgs/lib/attrsets.nix:119:41'
     47322 `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos/nixpkgs/pkgs/lib/attrsets.nix:13:21'
...
Add some more evaluations stats
Add a "filter" primop

Evaluation of a NixOS configuration spends quite a lot of time in the
"filter" function in Nixpkgs.  As implemented in Nixpkgs, this is a
O(n^2) operation, so it's a good candidate for providing a more
efficient (i.e. primop) implementation.  Using it gives a ~10% speed
increase and a significant reduction in the number of evaluations.

Statistics before (on a NixOS system config):

  time elapsed: 1.3258
  size of a value: 24
  environments allocated: 1980939 (50127080 bytes)
  list elements: 14679308 (117434464 bytes)
  list concatenations: 50828
  values allocated: 2098938 (50374512 bytes)
  attribute sets allocated: 392040
  right-biased unions: 186334
  values copied in right-biased unions: 591137
  symbols in symbol table: 18271
  number of thunks: 1645752
  number of thunks avoided: 1921196
  number of attr lookups: 430798
  number of primop calls: 838807
  number of function calls: 1930107

Statistics after:

  time elapsed: 1.17982
  size of a value: 24
  environments allocated: 1543334 (39624560 bytes)
  list elements: 9612638 (76901104 bytes)
  list concatenations: 37434
  values allocated: 1854933 (44518392 bytes)
  attribute sets allocated: 392040
  right-biased unions: 186334
  values copied in right-biased unions: 591137
  symbols in symbol table: 18272
  number of thunks: 1392467
  number of thunks avoided: 1507311
  number of attr lookups: 430801
  number of primop calls: 691600
  number of function calls: 1492502
Provide an efficient implementation of ‘elem’

The one in Nixpkgs is O(n^2), this one is O(n).  Big reduction in the
number of list allocations.

Statistics before (on a NixOS system config):

  time elapsed: 1.17982
  size of a value: 24
  environments allocated: 1543334 (39624560 bytes)
  list elements: 9612638 (76901104 bytes)
  list concatenations: 37434
  values allocated: 1854933 (44518392 bytes)
  attribute sets allocated: 392040
  right-biased unions: 186334
  values copied in right-biased unions: 591137
  symbols in symbol table: 18272
  number of thunks: 1392467
  number of thunks avoided: 1507311
  number of attr lookups: 430801
  number of primop calls: 691600
  number of function calls: 1492502

Statistics after:

  time elapsed: 1.08683
  size of a value: 24
  environments allocated: 1384376 (35809568 bytes)
  list elements: 6946783 (55574264 bytes)
  list concatenations: 37434
  values allocated: 1760440 (42250560 bytes)
  attribute sets allocated: 392040
  right-biased unions: 186334
  values copied in right-biased unions: 591137
  symbols in symbol table: 18273
  number of thunks: 1297673
  number of thunks avoided: 1380759
  number of attr lookups: 430802
  number of primop calls: 628912
  number of function calls: 1333544
Add a primop ‘concatLists’

This can serve as a generic efficient list builder.  For instance, the
function ‘catAttrs’ in Nixpkgs can be rewritten from

  attr: l: fold (s: l: if hasAttr attr s then [(getAttr attr s)] ++ l else l) [] l

to

  attr: l: builtins.concatLists (map (s: if hasAttr attr s then [(getAttr attr s)] else []) l)

Statistics before:

  time elapsed: 1.08683
  size of a value: 24
  environments allocated: 1384376 (35809568 bytes)
  list elements: 6946783 (55574264 bytes)
  list concatenations: 37434
  values allocated: 1760440 (42250560 bytes)
  attribute sets allocated: 392040
  right-biased unions: 186334
  values copied in right-biased unions: 591137
  symbols in symbol table: 18273
  number of thunks: 1297673
  number of thunks avoided: 1380759
  number of attr lookups: 430802
  number of primop calls: 628912
  number of function calls: 1333544

Statistics after (including new catAttrs):

  time elapsed: 0.959854
  size of a value: 24
  environments allocated: 1010198 (26829296 bytes)
  list elements: 1984878 (15879024 bytes)
  list concatenations: 30488
  values allocated: 1589760 (38154240 bytes)
  attribute sets allocated: 392040
  right-biased unions: 186334
  values copied in right-biased unions: 591137
  symbols in symbol table: 18274
  number of thunks: 1040925
  number of thunks avoided: 1038428
  number of attr lookups: 438419
  number of primop calls: 474844
  number of function calls: 959366
Add a primop ‘elemAt’ to get an element from a list
Optimise concatenating a list to an empty list

More precisely, in concatLists, if all lists except one are empty,
then just return the non-empty list.  This reduces the number of list
element allocations by 32% when evaluating a NixOS system
configuration.
Don't allocate empty lists

This saves about 4 MB when evaluating a NixOS system configuration.
Avoid concatenating lists of one string
Fix 1755 permission on temporary directories left behind by ‘-K’
Don't bind-mount /proc since we mount our own
In the chroot, make all mounted filesystems private

This is required on systemd, which mounts filesystems as "shared"
subtrees.  Changes to shared trees in a private mount namespace are
propagated to the outside world, which is bad.