Use DN objects instead of strings

* Convert every string specifying a DN into a DN object

* Every place a dn was manipulated in some fashion it was replaced by
  the use of DN operators

* Add new DNParam parameter type for parameters which are DN's

* DN objects are used 100% of the time throughout the entire data
  pipeline whenever something is logically a dn.

* Many classes now enforce DN usage for their attributes which are
  dn's. This is implmented via ipautil.dn_attribute_property(). The
  only permitted types for a class attribute specified to be a DN are
  either None or a DN object.

* Require that every place a dn is used it must be a DN object.
  This translates into lot of::

    assert isinstance(dn, DN)

  sprinkled through out the code. Maintaining these asserts is
  valuable to preserve DN type enforcement. The asserts can be
  disabled in production.

  The goal of 100% DN usage 100% of the time has been realized, these
  asserts are meant to preserve that.

  The asserts also proved valuable in detecting functions which did
  not obey their function signatures, such as the baseldap pre and
  post callbacks.

* Moved ipalib.dn to ipapython.dn because DN class is shared with all
  components, not just the server which uses ipalib.

* All API's now accept DN's natively, no need to convert to str (or
  unicode).

* Removed ipalib.encoder and encode/decode decorators. Type conversion
  is now explicitly performed in each IPASimpleLDAPObject method which
  emulates a ldap.SimpleLDAPObject method.

* Entity & Entry classes now utilize DN's

* Removed __getattr__ in Entity & Entity clases. There were two
  problems with it. It presented synthetic Python object attributes
  based on the current LDAP data it contained. There is no way to
  validate synthetic attributes using code checkers, you can't search
  the code to find LDAP attribute accesses (because synthetic
  attriutes look like Python attributes instead of LDAP data) and
  error handling is circumscribed. Secondly __getattr__ was hiding
  Python internal methods which broke class semantics.

* Replace use of methods inherited from ldap.SimpleLDAPObject via
  IPAdmin class with IPAdmin methods. Directly using inherited methods
  was causing us to bypass IPA logic. Mostly this meant replacing the
  use of search_s() with getEntry() or getList(). Similarly direct
  access of the LDAP data in classes using IPAdmin were replaced with
  calls to getValue() or getValues().

* Objects returned by ldap2.find_entries() are now compatible with
  either the python-ldap access methodology or the Entity/Entry access
  methodology.

* All ldap operations now funnel through the common
  IPASimpleLDAPObject giving us a single location where we interface
  to python-ldap and perform conversions.

* The above 4 modifications means we've greatly reduced the
  proliferation of multiple inconsistent ways to perform LDAP
  operations. We are well on the way to having a single API in IPA for
  doing LDAP (a long range goal).

* All certificate subject bases are now DN's

* DN objects were enhanced thusly:
  - find, rfind, index, rindex, replace and insert methods were added
  - AVA, RDN and DN classes were refactored in immutable and mutable
    variants, the mutable variants are EditableAVA, EditableRDN and
    EditableDN. By default we use the immutable variants preserving
    important semantics. To edit a DN cast it to an EditableDN and
    cast it back to DN when done editing. These issues are fully
    described in other documentation.
  - first_key_match was removed
  - DN equalty comparison permits comparison to a basestring

* Fixed ldapupdate to work with DN's. This work included:
  - Enhance test_updates.py to do more checking after applying
    update. Add test for update_from_dict(). Convert code to use
    unittest classes.
  - Consolidated duplicate code.
  - Moved code which should have been in the class into the class.
  - Fix the handling of the 'deleteentry' update action. It's no longer
    necessary to supply fake attributes to make it work. Detect case
    where subsequent update applies a change to entry previously marked
    for deletetion. General clean-up and simplification of the
    'deleteentry' logic.
  - Rewrote a couple of functions to be clearer and more Pythonic.
  - Added documentation on the data structure being used.
  - Simplfy the use of update_from_dict()

* Removed all usage of get_schema() which was being called prior to
  accessing the .schema attribute of an object. If a class is using
  internal lazy loading as an optimization it's not right to require
  users of the interface to be aware of internal
  optimization's. schema is now a property and when the schema
  property is accessed it calls a private internal method to perform
  the lazy loading.

* Added SchemaCache class to cache the schema's from individual
  servers. This was done because of the observation we talk to
  different LDAP servers, each of which may have it's own
  schema. Previously we globally cached the schema from the first
  server we connected to and returned that schema in all contexts. The
  cache includes controls to invalidate it thus forcing a schema
  refresh.

* Schema caching is now senstive to the run time context. During
  install and upgrade the schema can change leading to errors due to
  out-of-date cached schema. The schema cache is refreshed in these
  contexts.

* We are aware of the LDAP syntax of all LDAP attributes. Every
  attribute returned from an LDAP operation is passed through a
  central table look-up based on it's LDAP syntax. The table key is
  the LDAP syntax it's value is a Python callable that returns a
  Python object matching the LDAP syntax. There are a handful of LDAP
  attributes whose syntax is historically incorrect
  (e.g. DistguishedNames that are defined as DirectoryStrings). The
  table driven conversion mechanism is augmented with a table of
  hard coded exceptions.

  Currently only the following conversions occur via the table:

  - dn's are converted to DN objects

  - binary objects are converted to Python str objects (IPA
    convention).

  - everything else is converted to unicode using UTF-8 decoding (IPA
    convention).

  However, now that the table driven conversion mechanism is in place
  it would be trivial to do things such as converting attributes
  which have LDAP integer syntax into a Python integer, etc.

* Expected values in the unit tests which are a DN no longer need to
  use lambda expressions to promote the returned value to a DN for
  equality comparison. The return value is automatically promoted to
  a DN. The lambda expressions have been removed making the code much
  simpler and easier to read.

* Add class level logging to a number of classes which did not support
  logging, less need for use of root_logger.

* Remove ipaserver/conn.py, it was unused.

* Consolidated duplicate code wherever it was found.

* Fixed many places that used string concatenation to form a new
  string rather than string formatting operators. This is necessary
  because string formatting converts it's arguments to a string prior
  to building the result string. You can't concatenate a string and a
  non-string.

* Simplify logic in rename_managed plugin. Use DN operators to edit
  dn's.

* The live version of ipa-ldap-updater did not generate a log file.
  The offline version did, now both do.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/1670
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/1671
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/1672
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/1673
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/1674
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/1392
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2872
Fix winsync agreements creation

Due to recent addition of ID range support to DsInstance, the class
could no longer be instantiated when realm_name was passed but
ID range parameters were not. This condition broke winsync agreements
creation in ipa-replica-manage.

Make sure that ID range computation in DsInstance does not crash in
this cases so that winsync replica can be created. Also convert --binddn
option of ipa-replica-manage script to IPA native DN type so that
setup_agreement does not crash.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2987
Add external group

Group can be normal, posix and external. Posix checkbox was removed and was replaced by radio for selecting group type. This adds possibility of adding of external group.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2895
Make group external

New action for creating plain group external. Posix group can't be made external.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2895
Make group posix

New option for creating plain user group posix group. External group can't be made posix.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2338
Display group type

Created new value_map_widget which serves for displaying values based on a map.

It is added to group for displaying its type. The decision is based on group's objectclass.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2895
Attribute facet

Created new type of facet: attribute facet. This facet is similar to association facet but it serves for displaying object's multivalued attributes which behaves like association attributes. It will serve as a basis for displaying group's externalmember attribute.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2895
Group external member facet

Added 'external' attribute facet to group entity. It serves for displaying group's externalmember attribute.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2895
Read-only external facet for non-external groups

Added evaluators to decide if attribute facet should be read-only based on attribute level rights.
Default values serves well for group's external member.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2895
Handle case when trusted domain user access the Web UI

WebUI catches the fact that the user can't access LDAP server with a current ticket. It shows form-based auth login dialog. Previoustly an ugly error was returned on an almost empty page, and user had no recourse.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2897
Disable caching of Web UI login_kerberos request

IE caches login_kerberos request so SSO doesn't work after logout. This patch disables the caching.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2991
Update other facets on delete from search page

When an object in search facet was deleted, other facets were not notified that they need to refresh. If one crated object with same pkey as deleted object and then navigated to it's details he could see old object's data.

This notification was added.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2618
Handle SSSD restart crash more gently.

In ipa-client-install, failure of restart of sssd service no longer
causes the crash of the install process. Adds a warning message to
the root logger instead.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2827
Corrects help description of selinuxusermap.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2959
Improves exception handling in ipa-replica-prepare.

A backtrace is no longer displayed when trying to prepare a replica
file with the local LDAP server down. Also adds --debug option and
no longer displays info messages without it.

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2939
Raise Base64DecodeError instead of ConversionError when base64 decoding fails in Bytes parameters.

ticket 2962
Add internationalization to DCE RPC code

https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2964
Convert PKCS#11 subject to string before passing to ipapython.DN
Use DN object for Directory Manager in ipa-replica-manage connect command
Raise proper exception when given a bad DN attribute.