Overdue code review for transaction-level advisory locks patch.

Commit 62c7bd31c8878dd45c9b9b2429ab7a12103f3590 had assorted problems, most
visibly that it broke PREPARE TRANSACTION in the presence of session-level
advisory locks (which should be ignored by PREPARE), as per a recent
complaint from Stephen Rees.  More abstractly, the patch made the
LockMethodData.transactional flag not merely useless but outright
dangerous, because in point of fact that flag no longer tells you anything
at all about whether a lock is held transactionally.  This fix therefore
removes that flag altogether.  We now rely entirely on the convention
already in use in lock.c that transactional lock holds must be owned by
some ResourceOwner, while session holds are never so owned.  Setting the
locallock struct's owner link to NULL thus denotes a session hold, and
there is no redundant marker for that.

PREPARE TRANSACTION now works again when there are session-level advisory
locks, and it is also able to transfer transactional advisory locks to the
prepared transaction, but for implementation reasons it throws an error if
we hold both types of lock on a single lockable object.  Perhaps it will be
worth improving that someday.

Assorted other minor cleanup and documentation editing, as well.

Back-patch to 9.1, except that in the 9.1 branch I did not remove the
LockMethodData.transactional flag for fear of causing an ABI break for
any external code that might be examining those structs.
Fix psql doc typo.
Revert typo fix 768c3affd44d1dcb4e43e2e006c642524714c2a4;  I was wrong.
Document that it is the pgsql version we are matching for psqlrc
version-specific files, not the server version.
Make "unexpected EOF" messages DEBUG1 unless in an open transaction

"Unexpected EOF on client connection" without an open transaction
is mostly noise, so turn it into DEBUG1. With an open transaction it's
still indicating a problem, so keep those as ERROR, and change the message
to indicate that it happened in a transaction.
Fix pg_config.h make rule

According to the Autoconf documentation, there should be a make rule

pg_config.h: stamp-h

so that with the right setup around this, a change in pg_config.h.in
will trigger a rebuild of everything that depends on pg_config.h.  But
this doesn't always work, sometimes you need to run make twice to get
everything up to date after a change of pg_config.h.in.

The fix is to write the rule as

pg_config.h: stamp-h ;

instead (with an empty command instead of no command).  This is what
Automake-generated makefiles effectively do, so it seems safe to be on
this side.

It's not actually clear why this is (apparently) more correct.  It's
been posted to
<http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/help-make/2012-04/msg00058.html>
without response so far.
Remove strdup, strtol, strtoul from libpgport

These should not be needed anymore, at least after the recent port
removals.  So let's see whether we can do without them.
Fix misleading comments

Josh Kupershmidt
Fix dependency tracking for src/port/%_srv.o files

Because they use their own compilation rule, they don't use the
dependency tracking logic from Makefile.global.  To make sure that
dependency tracking works anyway for the *_srv.o files, depend on
their *.o siblings as well, which do have proper dependencies.  It's a
hack that might fail someday if there is a *_srv.o without a
corresponding *.o, but it works for now (and those would probably go
into src/backend/port/ anyway).
Update config.guess and config.sub
psql: Add variable to control keyword case in tab completion

This adds the variable COMP_KEYWORD_CASE, which controls in what case
keywords are completed.  This is partially to let users configure the
change from commit 69f4f1c3576abc535871c6cfa95539e32a36120f, but it
also offers more behaviors than were available before.
Tweak contrib --help output to match common style

Placeholders such as OPTION are typically kept in singular.
Reduce idle power consumption of walwriter and checkpointer processes.

This patch modifies the walwriter process so that, when it has not found
anything useful to do for many consecutive wakeup cycles, it extends its
sleep time to reduce the server's idle power consumption.  It reverts to
normal as soon as it's done any successful flushes.  It's still true that
during any async commit, backends check for completed, unflushed pages of
WAL and signal the walwriter if there are any; so that in practice the
walwriter can get awakened and returned to normal operation sooner than the
sleep time might suggest.

Also, improve the checkpointer so that it uses a latch and a computed delay
time to not wake up at all except when it has something to do, replacing a
previous hardcoded 0.5 sec wakeup cycle.  This also is primarily useful for
reducing the server's power consumption when idle.

In passing, get rid of the dedicated latch for signaling the walwriter in
favor of using its procLatch, since that comports better with possible
generic signal handlers using that latch.  Also, fix a pre-existing bug
with failure to save/restore errno in walwriter's signal handlers.

Peter Geoghegan, somewhat simplified by Tom
Reduce idle power consumption of stats collector process.

Latch-ify the stats collector, so that it does not need an arbitrary wakeup
cycle to check for postmaster death.  The incremental savings in idle power
is pretty marginal, since we only had it waking every two seconds; but I
believe that this patch may also improve the collector's performance under
load, by reducing the number of kernel calls made per message when messages
are arriving constantly (we now avoid a select/poll call except when we
need to sleep).  The change also reduces the time needed for a normal
database shutdown on platforms where signals don't interrupt select().
Document how to find non-ASCII characters in the release notes.
Fix an issue in recent walwriter hibernation patch.

Users of asynchronous-commit mode expect there to be a guaranteed maximum
delay before an async commit's WAL records get flushed to disk.  The
original version of the walwriter hibernation patch broke that.  Add an
extra shared-memory flag to allow async commits to kick the walwriter out
of hibernation mode, without adding any noticeable overhead in cases where
no action is needed.
Add another URL for HTML entity codes.
Avoid xid error from age() function when run on Hot Standby
Rename BgWriterCommLock to CheckpointerCommLock
Rename BgWriterShmem/Request to CheckpointerShmem/Request