(#12357) Fix root_home fact on Windows

Without this patch the root_home fact fails on windows.  This patch
fixes the problem by only calling methods on the object returned by the
`getent passwd root` command if the object evaluates to true.

Because there is no root account on Windows the code block simply
returns `nil` which makes the Facter fact undefined on Windows
platforms.

The root cause of the failure is that we always expected the command to
succeed and return something useful, and it may not on all supported
platforms.
(#12357) Add puppet_vardir custom fact

Without this patch the PE modules don't have a way to identify a
filesystem path where it's OK to place variable data related to managing
the target node.  This is a problem when a module like pe_compliance
needs to write a wrapper script to the node's filesystem.

This patch addresses the problem by exposing the node's Puppet[:vardir]
setting as a Facter fact.

This fact value will be set to `nil` if Puppet is not loaded into
memory.  If Puppet is loaded, e.g. using `facter --puppet` or using
`puppet agent` or `puppet apply` then the fact will automatically set
the value to Puppet[:vardir]

The value of this setting is subject to Puppet's run_mode.

This patch implements a new utility method in the standard library
module named `Facter::Util::PuppetSettings.with_puppet`.  The method
accepts a block and will only invoke the block if the Puppet library is
loaded into the Ruby process.  If Puppet is not loaded, the method
always returns nil.  This makes it easy to define Facter facts that only
give values if Puppet is loaded in memory.
Merge pull request #45 from jeffmccune/ticket/2.3.x/12357_disable_root_home_fact_on_windows

(#12357) Fix root_home fact on Windows
(#12357) Make facter_dot_d look in Puppet[:confdir]/facts.d

On Windows, we have no folders that match up to the default set of
directories the facter_dot_d fact looks in by default.  This is a
problem because the Puppet Enterprise installer writes out the following
facts by default, and our modules require them to be present:

    % cat /etc/puppetlabs/facter/facts.d/puppet_enterprise_installer.txt
    fact_stomp_port=61613
    fact_stomp_server=puppetmaster
    fact_is_puppetagent=true
    fact_is_puppetmaster=true
    fact_is_puppetconsole=true

On windows, the Puppet confdir is quite variable.  On 2003 systems we
default to the All Users application data directory.  On 2008 systems we
default to the ProgramData directory.  The actual configuration
directory varies depending on the Puppet or Puppet Enterprise branding.

In order to simplify all of this variable behavior, this patch fixes the
problem by automatically looking for facts in
`%COMMON_APPDATA%/PuppetLabs/facter/facts.d`

This patch paves the way for the MSI installer to use an IniFile element
to write custom facts during installation.
Merge pull request #44 from jeffmccune/ticket/2.3.x/12357_add_puppet_settings_facts

(#12357) Make facter_dot_d look in Puppet[:confdir]/facts.d
(maint) Stop printing the directory of spec_helper

Without this patch every rspec run prints out the directory of the
spec_helper script.

I think this was just a debugging line or whatever that accidentally got
added.
(#12357) Add validate_absolute_path() function

This patch adds a new function to validate if a string is an absolute
filesystem path or not.

The intent of this is to make this functionality generic and reusable.
Josh left a comment in another pull request I had:

    If node_installdir or $node_vardir is not defined, then we should
    raise an error, otherwise we may create a scheduled task to an
    untrusted directory.

One solution to this comment is to validate the Puppet variable is an
absolute path.

Examples of this function look like:

    function_validate_absolute_path
      Using Puppet::Parser::Scope.new
        Garbage inputs
          validate_absolute_path(nil) should fail
          validate_absolute_path([nil]) should fail
          validate_absolute_path({"foo"=>"bar"}) should fail
          validate_absolute_path({}) should fail
          validate_absolute_path("") should fail
        relative paths
          validate_absolute_path("relative1") should fail
          validate_absolute_path(".") should fail
          validate_absolute_path("..") should fail
          validate_absolute_path("./foo") should fail
          validate_absolute_path("../foo") should fail
          validate_absolute_path("etc/puppetlabs/puppet") should fail
          validate_absolute_path("opt/puppet/bin") should fail
        absolute paths
          validate_absolute_path("C:/") should not fail
          validate_absolute_path("C:\\") should not fail
          validate_absolute_path("C:\\WINDOWS\\System32") should not fail
          validate_absolute_path("C:/windows/system32") should not fail
          validate_absolute_path("X:/foo/bar") should not fail
          validate_absolute_path("X:\\foo\\bar") should not fail
          validate_absolute_path("/var/tmp") should not fail
          validate_absolute_path("/var/lib/puppet") should not fail
          validate_absolute_path("/var/opt/../lib/puppet") should not fail
          validate_absolute_path("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Puppet Labs\\Puppet Enterprise") should not fail
          validate_absolute_path("C:/Program Files (x86)/Puppet Labs/Puppet Enterprise") should not fail

    Finished in 0.05637 seconds
    23 examples, 0 failures
Merge pull request #46 from jeffmccune/feature/2.3.x/validate_absolute_path_function

(#12357) Add validate_absolute_path() function
(#12357) Add ability to display an error message from validate_re

I've seen a number of times the following error displayed to the end
user:

    validate_re(): "" does not match "^true$|^false$" at /p/t/f.pp:40

This is an absolutely horrific error message.  I'm to blame for it.
Users stumble over this quite often and they shouldn't have to go read
the code to sort out what's happening.

This patch makes an effort to fix the problem by adding a third,
optional, argument to validate_re().  This third argument will be the
message thrown back in the exception which will be displayed to the end
user.

This sets the stage for nicer error messages coming from modules we
write.

This patch is backwards compatible but is a new feature.
Merge pull request #47 from jeffmccune/feature/2.3.x/validate_re_better_error_messages

(#12357) Add ability to display an error message from validate_re
(#13018) Fix missing method any? message for ruby 1.9.x

The any? method doesn't exist for 1.9.x, this converts a string to a single
element array to work around the problem.
(maint) Comment Ken's fix to String#any?

Just added a comment about why we're doing what we're doing.
Merge branch 'ticket/2.3.x/13018_any_on_string' into 2.3.x

* ticket/2.3.x/13018_any_on_string:
  (maint) Comment Ken's fix to String#any?
  (#13018) Fix missing method any? message for ruby 1.9.x
(#12357) Fix broken compatibility with Puppet 2.6

Without this patch, the previous change set to the
validate_absolute_path() parser function contains Puppet 2.6
incompatible changes.  stdlib 2.x is compatible with Puppet 2.6.  These
changes are a problem because we cannot introduce backwards incompatible
changes in a minor release.

This patch fixes the problem by back porting the implementation of the
`Puppet::Util.absolute_path?` from 2.7.x to the function block itself.

The function block tests to see if `Puppet::Util.absolute_path?` will
respond and if not, falls back to the inline back ported implementation.

The spec tests have been updated to simulate the behavior of Puppet 2.6
even when running with Puppet 2.7.
Merge pull request #49 from jeffmccune/bug/2.3.x/fix_absolute_path_error_with_puppet26

(#12357) Fix broken compatibility with Puppet 2.6
Merge branch '2.3.x'

* 2.3.x:
  (#12357) Fix broken compatibility with Puppet 2.6
  (maint) Comment Ken's fix to String#any?
  (#13018) Fix missing method any? message for ruby 1.9.x
  (#12357) Add ability to display an error message from validate_re
  (#12357) Add validate_absolute_path() function
  (maint) Stop printing the directory of spec_helper
  (#12357) Make facter_dot_d look in Puppet[:confdir]/facts.d
  (#12357) Add puppet_vardir custom fact
  (#12357) Fix root_home fact on Windows
Update CHANGELOG, Modulefile for 2.3.0 release
Merge branch '2.3.x'

* 2.3.x:
  Update CHANGELOG, Modulefile for 2.3.0 release
(#13091) Fix LoadError exception with puppet apply

Puppet apply does not add the stdlib lib directory to the $LOAD_PATH.
This is a problem because the puppet_vardir fact requires the
puppet_settings library to be available for the `with_puppet` utility
method.

Without this patch, puppet apply will result in the following error:

    $ puppet apply --modulepath=/vagrant/modules -e 'notice $puppet_vardir'
    warning: Could not load fact file stdlib/lib/facter/puppet_vardir.rb: no such file to load -- facter/util/puppet_settings
    notice: Scope(Class[main]):
    notice: Finished catalog run in 0.01 seconds

With this patch applied, puppet apply works as expected:

    $ puppet apply --modulepath=/vagrant/modules.pe -e 'notice $puppet_vardir'
    notice: Scope(Class[main]): /Users/jeff/.puppet/var
    notice: Finished catalog run in 0.01 seconds

This patch defensively tries to load facter/util/puppet_settings.  If it cannot
load it, it falls back to trying to explicitly locate and load the library.

Once puppet is fixed such that a modules lib directory is truly in the
$LOAD_PATH, the fall back implementation will no longer be exercised since the
LoadError should not be raised.
Merge pull request #50 from jeffmccune/ticket/2.3.x/13091_stdlib_throws_a_loaderror_when_running_with_puppet_apply

(#13091) Fix LoadError exception with puppet apply