mm: memory hotplug: Check if pages are correctly reserved on a per-section basis

commit 2bbcb8788311a40714b585fc11b51da6ffa2ab92 upstream.

Stable note: Fixes https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=721039 .
        Without the patch, memory hot-add can fail for kernel configurations
        that do not set CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP.

(Resending as I am not seeing it in -next so maybe it got lost)

mm: memory hotplug: Check if pages are correctly reserved on a per-section basis

It is expected that memory being brought online is PageReserved
similar to what happens when the page allocator is being brought up.
Memory is onlined in "memory blocks" which consist of one or more
sections. Unfortunately, the code that verifies PageReserved is
currently assuming that the memmap backing all these pages is virtually
contiguous which is only the case when CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP is set.
As a result, memory hot-add is failing on those configurations with
the message;

kernel: section number XXX page number 256 not reserved, was it already online?

This patch updates the PageReserved check to lookup struct page once
per section to guarantee the correct struct page is being checked.

[Check pages within sections properly: rientjes@google.com]
[original patch by: nfont@linux.vnet.ibm.com]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Nathan Fontenot <nfont@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
mm: reduce the amount of work done when updating min_free_kbytes

commit 938929f14cb595f43cd1a4e63e22d36cab1e4a1f upstream.

Stable note: Fixes https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=726210 .
        Large machines with 1TB or more of RAM take a long time to boot
        without this patch and may spew out soft lockup warnings.

When min_free_kbytes is updated, some pageblocks are marked
MIGRATE_RESERVE.  Ordinarily, this work is unnoticable as it happens early
in boot but on large machines with 1TB of memory, this has been reported
to delay boot times, probably due to the NUMA distances involved.

The bulk of the work is due to calling calling pageblock_is_reserved() an
unnecessary amount of times and accessing far more struct page metadata
than is necessary.  This patch significantly reduces the amount of work
done by setup_zone_migrate_reserve() improving boot times on 1TB machines.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
mm: vmscan: fix force-scanning small targets without swap

commit a4d3e9e76337059406fcf3ead288c0df22a790e9 upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This patch augments an earlier commit
        that avoids scanning priority being artificially raised. The older
	fix was particularly important for small memcgs to avoid calling
	wait_iff_congested() unnecessarily.

Without swap, anonymous pages are not scanned.  As such, they should not
count when considering force-scanning a small target if there is no swap.

Otherwise, targets are not force-scanned even when their effective scan
number is zero and the other conditions--kswapd/memcg--apply.

This fixes 246e87a93934 ("memcg: fix get_scan_count() for small
targets").

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
vmscan: clear ZONE_CONGESTED for zone with good watermark

commit 439423f6894aa0dec22187526827456f5004baed upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. kswapd is responsible for clearing
	ZONE_CONGESTED after it balances a zone and this patch fixes a bug
	where that was failing to happen. Without this patch, processes
	can stall in wait_iff_congested unnecessarily. For users, this can
	look like an interactivity stall but some workloads would see it
	as sudden drop in throughput.

ZONE_CONGESTED is only cleared in kswapd, but pages can be freed in any
task.  It's possible ZONE_CONGESTED isn't cleared in some cases:

 1. the zone is already balanced just entering balance_pgdat() for
    order-0 because concurrent tasks free memory.  In this case, later
    check will skip the zone as it's balanced so the flag isn't cleared.

 2. high order balance fallbacks to order-0.  quote from Mel: At the
    end of balance_pgdat(), kswapd uses the following logic;

	If reclaiming at high order {
		for each zone {
			if all_unreclaimable
				skip
			if watermark is not met
				order = 0
				loop again

			/* watermark is met */
			clear congested
		}
	}

    i.e. it clears ZONE_CONGESTED if it the zone is balanced.  if not,
    it restarts balancing at order-0.  However, if the higher zones are
    balanced for order-0, kswapd will miss clearing ZONE_CONGESTED as
    that only happens after a zone is shrunk.  This can mean that
    wait_iff_congested() stalls unnecessarily.

This patch makes kswapd clear ZONE_CONGESTED during its initial
highmem->dma scan for zones that are already balanced.

Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
vmscan: add shrink_slab tracepoints

commit 095760730c1047c69159ce88021a7fa3833502c8 upstream.

Stable note: This patch makes later patches easier to apply but otherwise
        has little to justify it. It is a diagnostic patch that was part
        of a series addressing excessive slab shrinking after GFP_NOFS
        failures. There is detailed information on the series' motivation
        at https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/6/2/42 .

It is impossible to understand what the shrinkers are actually doing
without instrumenting the code, so add a some tracepoints to allow
insight to be gained.

Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
vmscan: shrinker->nr updates race and go wrong

commit acf92b485cccf028177f46918e045c0c4e80ee10 upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This patch reduces excessive
	reclaim of slab objects reducing the amount of information
	that has to be brought back in from disk.

shrink_slab() allows shrinkers to be called in parallel so the
struct shrinker can be updated concurrently. It does not provide any
exclusio for such updates, so we can get the shrinker->nr value
increasing or decreasing incorrectly.

As a result, when a shrinker repeatedly returns a value of -1 (e.g.
a VFS shrinker called w/ GFP_NOFS), the shrinker->nr goes haywire,
sometimes updating with the scan count that wasn't used, sometimes
losing it altogether. Worse is when a shrinker does work and that
update is lost due to racy updates, which means the shrinker will do
the work again!

Fix this by making the total_scan calculations independent of
shrinker->nr, and making the shrinker->nr updates atomic w.r.t. to
other updates via cmpxchg loops.

Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
vmscan: reduce wind up shrinker->nr when shrinker can't do work

commit 3567b59aa80ac4417002bf58e35dce5c777d4164 upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This patch reduces excessive
	reclaim of slab objects reducing the amount of information that
	has to be brought back in from disk. The third and fourth paragram
	in the series describes the impact.

When a shrinker returns -1 to shrink_slab() to indicate it cannot do
any work given the current memory reclaim requirements, it adds the
entire total_scan count to shrinker->nr. The idea ehind this is that
whenteh shrinker is next called and can do work, it will do the work
of the previously aborted shrinker call as well.

However, if a filesystem is doing lots of allocation with GFP_NOFS
set, then we get many, many more aborts from the shrinkers than we
do successful calls. The result is that shrinker->nr winds up to
it's maximum permissible value (twice the current cache size) and
then when the next shrinker call that can do work is issued, it
has enough scan count built up to free the entire cache twice over.

This manifests itself in the cache going from full to empty in a
matter of seconds, even when only a small part of the cache is
needed to be emptied to free sufficient memory.

Under metadata intensive workloads on ext4 and XFS, I'm seeing the
VFS caches increase memory consumption up to 75% of memory (no page
cache pressure) over a period of 30-60s, and then the shrinker
empties them down to zero in the space of 2-3s. This cycle repeats
over and over again, with the shrinker completely trashing the inode
and dentry caches every minute or so the workload continues.

This behaviour was made obvious by the shrink_slab tracepoints added
earlier in the series, and made worse by the patch that corrected
the concurrent accounting of shrinker->nr.

To avoid this problem, stop repeated small increments of the total
scan value from winding shrinker->nr up to a value that can cause
the entire cache to be freed. We still need to allow it to wind up,
so use the delta as the "large scan" threshold check - if the delta
is more than a quarter of the entire cache size, then it is a large
scan and allowed to cause lots of windup because we are clearly
needing to free lots of memory.

If it isn't a large scan then limit the total scan to half the size
of the cache so that windup never increases to consume the whole
cache. Reducing the total scan limit further does not allow enough
wind-up to maintain the current levels of performance, whilst a
higher threshold does not prevent the windup from freeing the entire
cache under sustained workloads.

Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
vmscan: limit direct reclaim for higher order allocations

commit e0887c19b2daa140f20ca8104bdc5740f39dbb86 upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked on Bugzilla. THP and compaction was found to
	aggressively reclaim pages and stall systems under different
	situations that was addressed piecemeal over time.  Paragraph
	3 of this changelog is the motivation for this patch.

When suffering from memory fragmentation due to unfreeable pages, THP page
faults will repeatedly try to compact memory.  Due to the unfreeable
pages, compaction fails.

Needless to say, at that point page reclaim also fails to create free
contiguous 2MB areas.  However, that doesn't stop the current code from
trying, over and over again, and freeing a minimum of 4MB (2UL <<
sc->order pages) at every single invocation.

This resulted in my 12GB system having 2-3GB free memory, a corresponding
amount of used swap and very sluggish response times.

This can be avoided by having the direct reclaim code not reclaim from
zones that already have plenty of free memory available for compaction.

If compaction still fails due to unmovable memory, doing additional
reclaim will only hurt the system, not help.

[jweiner@redhat.com: change comment to explain the order check]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
vmscan: abort reclaim/compaction if compaction can proceed

commit e0c23279c9f800c403f37511484d9014ac83adec upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked on Bugzilla. THP and compaction was found to
	aggressively reclaim pages and stall systems under different
	situations that was addressed piecemeal over time.

If compaction can proceed, shrink_zones() stops doing any work but its
callers still call shrink_slab() which raises the priority and potentially
sleeps.  This is unnecessary and wasteful so this patch aborts direct
reclaim/compaction entirely if compaction can proceed.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Cc: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
mm: compaction: trivial clean up in acct_isolated()

commit b9e84ac1536d35aee03b2601f19694949f0bd506 upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This patch makes later patches
	easier to apply but has no other impact.

acct_isolated of compaction uses page_lru_base_type which returns only
base type of LRU list so it never returns LRU_ACTIVE_ANON or
LRU_ACTIVE_FILE.  In addtion, cc->nr_[anon|file] is used in only
acct_isolated so it doesn't have fields in conpact_control.

This patch removes fields from compact_control and makes clear function of
acct_issolated which counts the number of anon|file pages isolated.

Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
mm: change isolate mode from #define to bitwise type

commit 4356f21d09283dc6d39a6f7287a65ddab61e2808 upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This patch makes later patches
	easier to apply but has no other impact.

Change ISOLATE_XXX macro with bitwise isolate_mode_t type.  Normally,
macro isn't recommended as it's type-unsafe and making debugging harder as
symbol cannot be passed throught to the debugger.

Quote from Johannes
" Hmm, it would probably be cleaner to fully convert the isolation mode
into independent flags.  INACTIVE, ACTIVE, BOTH is currently a
tri-state among flags, which is a bit ugly."

This patch moves isolate mode from swap.h to mmzone.h by memcontrol.h

Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
mm: compaction: make isolate_lru_page() filter-aware

commit 39deaf8585152f1a35c1676d3d7dc6ae0fb65967 upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. THP and compaction disrupt the LRU
	list leading to poor reclaim decisions which has a variable
	performance impact.

In async mode, compaction doesn't migrate dirty or writeback pages.  So,
it's meaningless to pick the page and re-add it to lru list.

Of course, when we isolate the page in compaction, the page might be dirty
or writeback but when we try to migrate the page, the page would be not
dirty, writeback.  So it could be migrated.  But it's very unlikely as
isolate and migration cycle is much faster than writeout.

So, this patch helps cpu overhead and prevent unnecessary LRU churning.

Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
mm: zone_reclaim: make isolate_lru_page() filter-aware

commit f80c0673610e36ae29d63e3297175e22f70dde5f upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. THP and compaction disrupt the LRU list
	leading to poor reclaim decisions which has a variable
	performance impact.

In __zone_reclaim case, we don't want to shrink mapped page.  Nonetheless,
we have isolated mapped page and re-add it into LRU's head.  It's
unnecessary CPU overhead and makes LRU churning.

Of course, when we isolate the page, the page might be mapped but when we
try to migrate the page, the page would be not mapped.  So it could be
migrated.  But race is rare and although it happens, it's no big deal.

Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
mm: migration: clean up unmap_and_move()

commit 0dabec93de633a87adfbbe1d800a4c56cd19d73b upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. This patch makes later patches
	easier to apply but has no other impact.

unmap_and_move() is one a big messy function.  Clean it up.

Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
mm: compaction: allow compaction to isolate dirty pages

commit a77ebd333cd810d7b680d544be88c875131c2bd3 upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. A fix aimed at preserving page aging
	information by reducing LRU list churning had the side-effect of
	reducing THP allocation success rates. This was part of a series
	to restore the success rates while preserving the reclaim fix.

Short summary: There are severe stalls when a USB stick using VFAT is
used with THP enabled that are reduced by this series.  If you are
experiencing this problem, please test and report back and considering I
have seen complaints from openSUSE and Fedora users on this as well as a
few private mails, I'm guessing it's a widespread issue.  This is a new
type of USB-related stall because it is due to synchronous compaction
writing where as in the past the big problem was dirty pages reaching
the end of the LRU and being written by reclaim.

Am cc'ing Andrew this time and this series would replace
mm-do-not-stall-in-synchronous-compaction-for-thp-allocations.patch.
I'm also cc'ing Dave Jones as he might have merged that patch to Fedora
for wider testing and ideally it would be reverted and replaced by this
series.

That said, the later patches could really do with some review.  If this
series is not the answer then a new direction needs to be discussed
because as it is, the stalls are unacceptable as the results in this
leader show.

For testers that try backporting this to 3.1, it won't work because
there is a non-obvious dependency on not writing back pages in direct
reclaim so you need those patches too.

Changelog since V5
o Rebase to 3.2-rc5
o Tidy up the changelogs a bit

Changelog since V4
o Added reviewed-bys, credited Andrea properly for sync-light
o Allow dirty pages without mappings to be considered for migration
o Bound the number of pages freed for compaction
o Isolate PageReclaim pages on their own LRU list

This is against 3.2-rc5 and follows on from discussions on "mm: Do
not stall in synchronous compaction for THP allocations" and "[RFC
PATCH 0/5] Reduce compaction-related stalls". Initially, the proposed
patch eliminated stalls due to compaction which sometimes resulted in
user-visible interactivity problems on browsers by simply never using
sync compaction. The downside was that THP success allocation rates
were lower because dirty pages were not being migrated as reported by
Andrea. His approach at fixing this was nacked on the grounds that
it reverted fixes from Rik merged that reduced the amount of pages
reclaimed as it severely impacted his workloads performance.

This series attempts to reconcile the requirements of maximising THP
usage, without stalling in a user-visible fashion due to compaction
or cheating by reclaiming an excessive number of pages.

Patch 1 partially reverts commit 39deaf85 to allow migration to isolate
	dirty pages. This is because migration can move some dirty
	pages without blocking.

Patch 2 notes that the /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory handler is not using
	synchronous compaction when it should be. This is unrelated
	to the reported stalls but is worth fixing.

Patch 3 checks if we isolated a compound page during lumpy scan and
	account for it properly. For the most part, this affects
	tracing so it's unrelated to the stalls but worth fixing.

Patch 4 notes that it is possible to abort reclaim early for compaction
	and return 0 to the page allocator potentially entering the
	"may oom" path. This has not been observed in practice but
	the rest of the series potentially makes it easier to happen.

Patch 5 adds a sync parameter to the migratepage callback and gives
	the callback responsibility for migrating the page without
	blocking if sync==false. For example, fallback_migrate_page
	will not call writepage if sync==false. This increases the
	number of pages that can be handled by asynchronous compaction
	thereby reducing stalls.

Patch 6 restores filter-awareness to isolate_lru_page for migration.
	In practice, it means that pages under writeback and pages
	without a ->migratepage callback will not be isolated
	for migration.

Patch 7 avoids calling direct reclaim if compaction is deferred but
	makes sure that compaction is only deferred if sync
	compaction was used.

Patch 8 introduces a sync-light migration mechanism that sync compaction
	uses. The objective is to allow some stalls but to not call
	->writepage which can lead to significant user-visible stalls.

Patch 9 notes that while we want to abort reclaim ASAP to allow
	compation to go ahead that we leave a very small window of
	opportunity for compaction to run. This patch allows more pages
	to be freed by reclaim but bounds the number to a reasonable
	level based on the high watermark on each zone.

Patch 10 allows slabs to be shrunk even after compaction_ready() is
	true for one zone. This is to avoid a problem whereby a single
	small zone can abort reclaim even though no pages have been
	reclaimed and no suitably large zone is in a usable state.

Patch 11 fixes a problem with the rate of page scanning. As reclaim is
	rarely stalling on pages under writeback it means that scan
	rates are very high. This is particularly true for direct
	reclaim which is not calling writepage. The vmstat figures
	implied that much of this was busy work with PageReclaim pages
	marked for immediate reclaim. This patch is a prototype that
	moves these pages to their own LRU list.

This has been tested and other than 2 USB keys getting trashed,
nothing horrible fell out. That said, I am a bit unhappy with the
rescue logic in patch 11 but did not find a better way around it. It
does significantly reduce scan rates and System CPU time indicating
it is the right direction to take.

What is of critical importance is that stalls due to compaction
are massively reduced even though sync compaction was still
allowed. Testing from people complaining about stalls copying to USBs
with THP enabled are particularly welcome.

The following tests all involve THP usage and USB keys in some
way. Each test follows this type of pattern

1. Read from some fast fast storage, be it raw device or file. Each time
   the copy finishes, start again until the test ends
2. Write a large file to a filesystem on a USB stick. Each time the copy
   finishes, start again until the test ends
3. When memory is low, start an alloc process that creates a mapping
   the size of physical memory to stress THP allocation. This is the
   "real" part of the test and the part that is meant to trigger
   stalls when THP is enabled. Copying continues in the background.
4. Record the CPU usage and time to execute of the alloc process
5. Record the number of THP allocs and fallbacks as well as the number of THP
   pages in use a the end of the test just before alloc exited
6. Run the test 5 times to get an idea of variability
7. Between each run, sync is run and caches dropped and the test
   waits until nr_dirty is a small number to avoid interference
   or caching between iterations that would skew the figures.

The individual tests were then

writebackCPDeviceBasevfat
	Disable THP, read from a raw device (sda), vfat on USB stick
writebackCPDeviceBaseext4
	Disable THP, read from a raw device (sda), ext4 on USB stick
writebackCPDevicevfat
	THP enabled, read from a raw device (sda), vfat on USB stick
writebackCPDeviceext4
	THP enabled, read from a raw device (sda), ext4 on USB stick
writebackCPFilevfat
	THP enabled, read from a file on fast storage and USB, both vfat
writebackCPFileext4
	THP enabled, read from a file on fast storage and USB, both ext4

The kernels tested were

3.1		3.1
vanilla		3.2-rc5
freemore	Patches 1-10
immediate	Patches 1-11
andrea		The 8 patches Andrea posted as a basis of comparison

The results are very long unfortunately. I'll start with the case
where we are not using THP at all

writebackCPDeviceBasevfat
                   3.1.0-vanilla         rc5-vanilla       freemore-v6r1        isolate-v6r1         andrea-v2r1
System Time         1.28 (    0.00%)   54.49 (-4143.46%)   48.63 (-3687.69%)    4.69 ( -265.11%)   51.88 (-3940.81%)
+/-                 0.06 (    0.00%)    2.45 (-4305.55%)    4.75 (-8430.57%)    7.46 (-13282.76%)    4.76 (-8440.70%)
User Time           0.09 (    0.00%)    0.05 (   40.91%)    0.06 (   29.55%)    0.07 (   15.91%)    0.06 (   27.27%)
+/-                 0.02 (    0.00%)    0.01 (   45.39%)    0.02 (   25.07%)    0.00 (   77.06%)    0.01 (   52.24%)
Elapsed Time      110.27 (    0.00%)   56.38 (   48.87%)   49.95 (   54.70%)   11.77 (   89.33%)   53.43 (   51.54%)
+/-                 7.33 (    0.00%)    3.77 (   48.61%)    4.94 (   32.63%)    6.71 (    8.50%)    4.76 (   35.03%)
THP Active          0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)
+/-                 0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)
Fault Alloc         0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)
+/-                 0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)
Fault Fallback      0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)
+/-                 0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)    0.00 (    0.00%)

The THP figures are obviously all 0 because THP was enabled. The
main thing to watch is the elapsed times and how they compare to
times when THP is enabled later. It's also important to note that
elapsed time is improved by this series as System CPu time is much
reduced.

writebackCPDevicevfat

                   3.1.0-vanilla         rc5-vanilla       freemore-v6r1        isolate-v6r1         andrea-v2r1
System Time         1.22 (    0.00%)   13.89 (-1040.72%)   46.40 (-3709.20%)    4.44 ( -264.37%)   47.37 (-3789.33%)
+/-                 0.06 (    0.00%)   22.82 (-37635.56%)    3.84 (-6249.44%)    6.48 (-10618.92%)    6.60
(-10818.53%)
User Time           0.06 (    0.00%)    0.06 (   -6.90%)    0.05 (   17.24%)    0.05 (   13.79%)    0.04 (   31.03%)
+/-                 0.01 (    0.00%)    0.01 (   33.33%)    0.01 (   33.33%)    0.01 (   39.14%)    0.01 (   25.46%)
Elapsed Time     10445.54 (    0.00%) 2249.92 (   78.46%)   70.06 (   99.33%)   16.59 (   99.84%)  472.43 (
95.48%)
+/-               643.98 (    0.00%)  811.62 (  -26.03%)   10.02 (   98.44%)    7.03 (   98.91%)   59.99 (   90.68%)
THP Active         15.60 (    0.00%)   35.20 (  225.64%)   65.00 (  416.67%)   70.80 (  453.85%)   62.20 (  398.72%)
+/-                18.48 (    0.00%)   51.29 (  277.59%)   15.99 (   86.52%)   37.91 (  205.18%)   22.02 (  119.18%)
Fault Alloc       121.80 (    0.00%)   76.60 (   62.89%)  155.40 (  127.59%)  181.20 (  148.77%)  286.60 (  235.30%)
+/-                73.51 (    0.00%)   61.11 (   83.12%)   34.89 (   47.46%)   31.88 (   43.36%)   68.13 (   92.68%)
Fault Fallback    881.20 (    0.00%)  926.60 (   -5.15%)  847.60 (    3.81%)  822.00 (    6.72%)  716.60 (   18.68%)
+/-                73.51 (    0.00%)   61.26 (   16.67%)   34.89 (   52.54%)   31.65 (   56.94%)   67.75 (    7.84%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
User/Sys Time Running Test (seconds)       3540.88   1945.37    716.04     64.97   1937.03
Total Elapsed Time (seconds)              52417.33  11425.90    501.02    230.95   2520.28

The first thing to note is the "Elapsed Time" for the vanilla kernels
of 2249 seconds versus 56 with THP disabled which might explain the
reports of USB stalls with THP enabled. Applying the patches brings
performance in line with THP-disabled performance while isolating
pages for immediate reclaim from the LRU cuts down System CPU time.

The "Fault Alloc" success rate figures are also improved. The vanilla
kernel only managed to allocate 76.6 pages on average over the course
of 5 iterations where as applying the series allocated 181.20 on
average albeit it is well within variance. It's worth noting that
applies the series at least descreases the amount of variance which
implies an improvement.

Andrea's series had a higher success rate for THP allocations but
at a severe cost to elapsed time which is still better than vanilla
but still much worse than disabling THP altogether. One can bring my
series close to Andrea's by removing this check

        /*
         * If compaction is deferred for high-order allocations, it is because
         * sync compaction recently failed. In this is the case and the caller
         * has requested the system not be heavily disrupted, fail the
         * allocation now instead of entering direct reclaim
         */
        if (deferred_compaction && (gfp_mask & __GFP_NO_KSWAPD))
                goto nopage;

I didn't include a patch that removed the above check because hurting
overall performance to improve the THP figure is not what the average
user wants. It's something to consider though if someone really wants
to maximise THP usage no matter what it does to the workload initially.

This is summary of vmstat figures from the same test.

                                       3.1.0-vanilla rc5-vanilla freemore-v6r1 isolate-v6r1 andrea-v2r1
Page Ins                                  3257266139  1111844061    17263623    10901575   161423219
Page Outs                                   81054922    30364312     3626530     3657687     8753730
Swap Ins                                        3294        2851        6560        4964        4592
Swap Outs                                     390073      528094      620197      790912      698285
Direct pages scanned                      1077581700  3024951463  1764930052   115140570  5901188831
Kswapd pages scanned                        34826043     7112868     2131265     1686942     1893966
Kswapd pages reclaimed                      28950067     4911036     1246044      966475     1497726
Direct pages reclaimed                     805148398   280167837     3623473     2215044    40809360
Kswapd efficiency                                83%         69%         58%         57%         79%
Kswapd velocity                              664.399     622.521    4253.852    7304.360     751.490
Direct efficiency                                74%          9%          0%          1%          0%
Direct velocity                            20557.737  264745.137 3522673.849  498551.938 2341481.435
Percentage direct scans                          96%         99%         99%         98%         99%
Page writes by reclaim                        722646      529174      620319      791018      699198
Page writes file                              332573        1080         122         106         913
Page writes anon                              390073      528094      620197      790912      698285
Page reclaim immediate                             0  2552514720  1635858848   111281140  5478375032
Page rescued immediate                             0           0           0       87848           0
Slabs scanned                                  23552       23552        9216        8192        9216
Direct inode steals                              231           0           0           0           0
Kswapd inode steals                                0           0           0           0           0
Kswapd skipped wait                            28076         786           0          61           6
THP fault alloc                                  609         383         753         906        1433
THP collapse alloc                                12           6           0           0           6
THP splits                                       536         211         456         593        1136
THP fault fallback                              4406        4633        4263        4110        3583
THP collapse fail                                120         127           0           0           4
Compaction stalls                               1810         728         623         779        3200
Compaction success                               196          53          60          80         123
Compaction failures                             1614         675         563         699        3077
Compaction pages moved                        193158       53545      243185      333457      226688
Compaction move failure                         9952        9396       16424       23676       45070

The main things to look at are

1. Page In/out figures are much reduced by the series.

2. Direct page scanning is incredibly high (264745.137 pages scanned
   per second on the vanilla kernel) but isolating PageReclaim pages
   on their own list reduces the number of pages scanned significantly.

3. The fact that "Page rescued immediate" is a positive number implies
   that we sometimes race removing pages from the LRU_IMMEDIATE list
   that need to be put back on a normal LRU but it happens only for
   0.07% of the pages marked for immediate reclaim.

writebackCPDeviceext4
                   3.1.0-vanilla         rc5-vanilla       freemore-v6r1        isolate-v6r1         andrea-v2r1
System Time         1.51 (    0.00%)    1.77 (  -17.66%)    1.46 (    2.92%)    1.15 (   23.77%)    1.89 (  -25.63%)
+/-                 0.27 (    0.00%)    0.67 ( -148.52%)    0.33 (  -22.76%)    0.30 (  -11.15%)    0.19 (   30.16%)
User Time           0.03 (    0.00%)    0.04 (  -37.50%)    0.05 (  -62.50%)    0.07 ( -112.50%)    0.04 (  -18.75%)
+/-                 0.01 (    0.00%)    0.02 ( -146.64%)    0.02 (  -97.91%)    0.02 (  -75.59%)    0.02 (  -63.30%)
Elapsed Time      124.93 (    0.00%)  114.49 (    8.36%)   96.77 (   22.55%)   27.48 (   78.00%)  205.70 (  -64.65%)
+/-                20.20 (    0.00%)   74.39 ( -268.34%)   59.88 ( -196.48%)    7.72 (   61.79%)   25.03 (  -23.95%)
THP Active        161.80 (    0.00%)   83.60 (   51.67%)  141.20 (   87.27%)   84.60 (   52.29%)   82.60 (   51.05%)
+/-                71.95 (    0.00%)   43.80 (   60.88%)   26.91 (   37.40%)   59.02 (   82.03%)   52.13 (   72.45%)
Fault Alloc       471.40 (    0.00%)  228.60 (   48.49%)  282.20 (   59.86%)  225.20 (   47.77%)  388.40 (   82.39%)
+/-                88.07 (    0.00%)   87.42 (   99.26%)   73.79 (   83.78%)  109.62 (  124.47%)   82.62 (   93.81%)
Fault Fallback    531.60 (    0.00%)  774.60 (  -45.71%)  720.80 (  -35.59%)  777.80 (  -46.31%)  614.80 (  -15.65%)
+/-                88.07 (    0.00%)   87.26 (    0.92%)   73.79 (   16.22%)  109.62 (  -24.47%)   82.29 (    6.56%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
User/Sys Time Running Test (seconds)         50.22     33.76     30.65     24.14    128.45
Total Elapsed Time (seconds)               1113.73   1132.19   1029.45    759.49   1707.26

Similar test but the USB stick is using ext4 instead of vfat. As
ext4 does not use writepage for migration, the large stalls due to
compaction when THP is enabled are not observed. Still, isolating
PageReclaim pages on their own list helped completion time largely
by reducing the number of pages scanned by direct reclaim although
time spend in congestion_wait could also be a factor.

Again, Andrea's series had far higher success rates for THP allocation
at the cost of elapsed time. I didn't look too closely but a quick
look at the vmstat figures tells me kswapd reclaimed 8 times more pages
than the patch series and direct reclaim reclaimed roughly three times
as many pages. It follows that if memory is aggressively reclaimed,
there will be more available for THP.

writebackCPFilevfat
                   3.1.0-vanilla         rc5-vanilla       freemore-v6r1        isolate-v6r1         andrea-v2r1
System Time         1.76 (    0.00%)   29.10 (-1555.52%)   46.01 (-2517.18%)    4.79 ( -172.35%)   54.89 (-3022.53%)
+/-                 0.14 (    0.00%)   25.61 (-18185.17%)    2.15 (-1434.83%)    6.60 (-4610.03%)    9.75
(-6863.76%)
User Time           0.05 (    0.00%)    0.07 (  -45.83%)    0.05 (   -4.17%)    0.06 (  -29.17%)    0.06 (  -16.67%)
+/-                 0.02 (    0.00%)    0.02 (   20.11%)    0.02 (   -3.14%)    0.01 (   31.58%)    0.01 (   47.41%)
Elapsed Time     22520.79 (    0.00%) 1082.85 (   95.19%)   73.30 (   99.67%)   32.43 (   99.86%)  291.84 (  98.70%)
+/-              7277.23 (    0.00%)  706.29 (   90.29%)   19.05 (   99.74%)   17.05 (   99.77%)  125.55 (   98.27%)
THP Active         83.80 (    0.00%)   12.80 (   15.27%)   15.60 (   18.62%)   13.00 (   15.51%)    0.80 (    0.95%)
+/-                66.81 (    0.00%)   20.19 (   30.22%)    5.92 (    8.86%)   15.06 (   22.54%)    1.17 (    1.75%)
Fault Alloc       171.00 (    0.00%)   67.80 (   39.65%)   97.40 (   56.96%)  125.60 (   73.45%)  133.00 (   77.78%)
+/-                82.91 (    0.00%)   30.69 (   37.02%)   53.91 (   65.02%)   55.05 (   66.40%)   21.19 (   25.56%)
Fault Fallback    832.00 (    0.00%)  935.20 (  -12.40%)  906.00 (   -8.89%)  877.40 (   -5.46%)  870.20 (   -4.59%)
+/-                82.91 (    0.00%)   30.69 (   62.98%)   54.01 (   34.86%)   55.05 (   33.60%)   20.91 (   74.78%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
User/Sys Time Running Test (seconds)       7229.81    928.42    704.52     80.68   1330.76
Total Elapsed Time (seconds)             112849.04   5618.69    571.11    360.54   1664.28

In this case, the test is reading/writing only from filesystems but as
it's vfat, it's slow due to calling writepage during compaction. Little
to observe really - the time to complete the test goes way down
with the series applied and THP allocation success rates go up in
comparison to 3.2-rc5.  The success rates are lower than 3.1.0 but
the elapsed time for that kernel is abysmal so it is not really a
sensible comparison.

As before, Andrea's series allocates more THPs at the cost of overall
performance.

writebackCPFileext4
                   3.1.0-vanilla         rc5-vanilla       freemore-v6r1        isolate-v6r1         andrea-v2r1
System Time         1.51 (    0.00%)    1.77 (  -17.66%)    1.46 (    2.92%)    1.15 (   23.77%)    1.89 (  -25.63%)
+/-                 0.27 (    0.00%)    0.67 ( -148.52%)    0.33 (  -22.76%)    0.30 (  -11.15%)    0.19 (   30.16%)
User Time           0.03 (    0.00%)    0.04 (  -37.50%)    0.05 (  -62.50%)    0.07 ( -112.50%)    0.04 (  -18.75%)
+/-                 0.01 (    0.00%)    0.02 ( -146.64%)    0.02 (  -97.91%)    0.02 (  -75.59%)    0.02 (  -63.30%)
Elapsed Time      124.93 (    0.00%)  114.49 (    8.36%)   96.77 (   22.55%)   27.48 (   78.00%)  205.70 (  -64.65%)
+/-                20.20 (    0.00%)   74.39 ( -268.34%)   59.88 ( -196.48%)    7.72 (   61.79%)   25.03 (  -23.95%)
THP Active        161.80 (    0.00%)   83.60 (   51.67%)  141.20 (   87.27%)   84.60 (   52.29%)   82.60 (   51.05%)
+/-                71.95 (    0.00%)   43.80 (   60.88%)   26.91 (   37.40%)   59.02 (   82.03%)   52.13 (   72.45%)
Fault Alloc       471.40 (    0.00%)  228.60 (   48.49%)  282.20 (   59.86%)  225.20 (   47.77%)  388.40 (   82.39%)
+/-                88.07 (    0.00%)   87.42 (   99.26%)   73.79 (   83.78%)  109.62 (  124.47%)   82.62 (   93.81%)
Fault Fallback    531.60 (    0.00%)  774.60 (  -45.71%)  720.80 (  -35.59%)  777.80 (  -46.31%)  614.80 (  -15.65%)
+/-                88.07 (    0.00%)   87.26 (    0.92%)   73.79 (   16.22%)  109.62 (  -24.47%)   82.29 (    6.56%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
User/Sys Time Running Test (seconds)         50.22     33.76     30.65     24.14    128.45
Total Elapsed Time (seconds)               1113.73   1132.19   1029.45    759.49   1707.26

Same type of story - elapsed times go down. In this case, allocation
success rates are roughtly the same. As before, Andrea's has higher
success rates but takes a lot longer.

Overall the series does reduce latencies and while the tests are
inherency racy as alloc competes with the cp processes, the variability
was included. The THP allocation rates are not as high as they could
be but that is because we would have to be more aggressive about
reclaim and compaction impacting overall performance.

This patch:

Commit 39deaf85 ("mm: compaction: make isolate_lru_page() filter-aware")
noted that compaction does not migrate dirty or writeback pages and that
is was meaningless to pick the page and re-add it to the LRU list.

What was missed during review is that asynchronous migration moves dirty
pages if their ->migratepage callback is migrate_page() because these can
be moved without blocking.  This potentially impacted hugepage allocation
success rates by a factor depending on how many dirty pages are in the
system.

This patch partially reverts 39deaf85 to allow migration to isolate dirty
pages again.  This increases how much compaction disrupts the LRU but that
is addressed later in the series.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>
Cc: Nai Xia <nai.xia@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
mm: compaction: determine if dirty pages can be migrated without blocking within ->migratepage

commit b969c4ab9f182a6e1b2a0848be349f99714947b0 upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. A fix aimed at preserving page
	aging information by reducing LRU list churning had the side-effect
	of reducing THP allocation success rates. This was part of a series
	to restore the success rates while preserving the reclaim fix.

Asynchronous compaction is used when allocating transparent hugepages to
avoid blocking for long periods of time.  Due to reports of stalling,
there was a debate on disabling synchronous compaction but this severely
impacted allocation success rates.  Part of the reason was that many dirty
pages are skipped in asynchronous compaction by the following check;

	if (PageDirty(page) && !sync &&
		mapping->a_ops->migratepage != migrate_page)
			rc = -EBUSY;

This skips over all mapping aops using buffer_migrate_page() even though
it is possible to migrate some of these pages without blocking.  This
patch updates the ->migratepage callback with a "sync" parameter.  It is
the responsibility of the callback to fail gracefully if migration would
block.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>
Cc: Nai Xia <nai.xia@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
mm: page allocator: do not call direct reclaim for THP allocations while compaction is deferred

commit 66199712e9eef5aede09dbcd9dfff87798a66917 upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Buzilla. This was part of a series that
	reduced interactivity stalls experienced when THP was enabled.

If compaction is deferred, direct reclaim is used to try to free enough
pages for the allocation to succeed.  For small high-orders, this has a
reasonable chance of success.  However, if the caller has specified
__GFP_NO_KSWAPD to limit the disruption to the system, it makes more sense
to fail the allocation rather than stall the caller in direct reclaim.
This patch skips direct reclaim if compaction is deferred and the caller
specifies __GFP_NO_KSWAPD.

Async compaction only considers a subset of pages so it is possible for
compaction to be deferred prematurely and not enter direct reclaim even in
cases where it should.  To compensate for this, this patch also defers
compaction only if sync compaction failed.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel<riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>
Cc: Nai Xia <nai.xia@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
mm: compaction: make isolate_lru_page() filter-aware again

commit c82449352854ff09e43062246af86bdeb628f0c3 upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Bugzilla. A fix aimed at preserving page aging
	information by reducing LRU list churning had the side-effect of
	reducing THP allocation success rates. This was part of a series
	to restore the success rates while preserving the reclaim fix.

Commit 39deaf85 ("mm: compaction: make isolate_lru_page() filter-aware")
noted that compaction does not migrate dirty or writeback pages and that
is was meaningless to pick the page and re-add it to the LRU list.  This
had to be partially reverted because some dirty pages can be migrated by
compaction without blocking.

This patch updates "mm: compaction: make isolate_lru_page" by skipping
over pages that migration has no possibility of migrating to minimise LRU
disruption.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel<riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andy Isaacson <adi@hexapodia.org>
Cc: Nai Xia <nai.xia@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
kswapd: avoid unnecessary rebalance after an unsuccessful balancing

commit d2ebd0f6b89567eb93ead4e2ca0cbe03021f344b upstream.

Stable note: Fixes https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=712019.  This
	patch reduces kswapd CPU usage.

In commit 215ddd66 ("mm: vmscan: only read new_classzone_idx from pgdat
when reclaiming successfully") , Mel Gorman said kswapd is better to sleep
after a unsuccessful balancing if there is tighter reclaim request pending
in the balancing.  But in the following scenario, kswapd do something that
is not matched our expectation.  The patch fixes this issue.

1, Read pgdat request A (classzone_idx, order = 3)
2, balance_pgdat()
3, During pgdat, a new pgdat request B (classzone_idx, order = 5) is placed
4, balance_pgdat() returns but failed since returned order = 0
5, pgdat of request A assigned to balance_pgdat(), and do balancing again.
   While the expectation behavior of kswapd should try to sleep.

Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>
kswapd: assign new_order and new_classzone_idx after wakeup in sleeping

commit f0dfcde099453aa4c0dc42473828d15a6d492936 upstream.

Stable note: Fixes https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=712019.  This
	patch reduces kswapd CPU usage.

There 2 places to read pgdat in kswapd.  One is return from a successful
balance, another is waked up from kswapd sleeping.  The new_order and
new_classzone_idx represent the balance input order and classzone_idx.

But current new_order and new_classzone_idx are not assigned after
kswapd_try_to_sleep(), that will cause a bug in the following scenario.

1: after a successful balance, kswapd goes to sleep, and new_order = 0;
   new_classzone_idx = __MAX_NR_ZONES - 1;

2: kswapd waked up with order = 3 and classzone_idx = ZONE_NORMAL

3: in the balance_pgdat() running, a new balance wakeup happened with
   order = 5, and classzone_idx = ZONE_NORMAL

4: the first wakeup(order = 3) finished successufly, return order = 3
   but, the new_order is still 0, so, this balancing will be treated as a
   failed balance.  And then the second tighter balancing will be missed.

So, to avoid the above problem, the new_order and new_classzone_idx need
to be assigned for later successful comparison.

Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: bgn9000 <bgn9000@ubuntu.ubuntu-domain>