Noux: propagate environment to execve

Fixes #131.
Support for tab characters in terminal
Fixed inconsistent include guard
Fixed initial reference counter value
Validate liveliness of signal contexts

We cannot trust signal imprints received with signals to represent valid
pointers to signal contexts. After a signal context has been dissolved
from its receiver, a signal corresponding to the context might still be
in flight. Hence, we need a facility to check received signal imprints
against the list of valid contexts at reception time. The new
'Signal_context_registry' is a very simple attempt to create such a
facility.
Add pipe and dup2 syscalls to Noux

Fixes #133.
Support escape sequences used by 'ls --color=auto'
Specialize blit library for ARM (fix #147).

Use multiple load store instructions for 32 byte chunks in ARM-specific
blit-function, analog to x86 variant. Make the blit-function of x86 a
generic one, and provide needed utility functions for ARM and generic code.
Please refer issue #147 for discussion.
Fiasco.OC: Map ROM-modules in advance (fix #157).

There seems to be a bug in Fiasco.OC, that is hard to reproduce. The scenario
discussed in issue #157 triggers it relatively often. When sigma0 handles
pagefaults of core on demand at runtime, at some point its reply ipc-message
gets stucked in the kernel. This commit touches all ROM-modules when the
platform is initialized in advance (like it was done for RAM etc. already
before).
Add 'include/SDL' to include search path

Fixes #159.
Implement '_nanosleep()'

This patch provides an implementation of the '_nanosleep()' libc function,
which blocks on a timed semaphore for the given time, but at least 10ms.
This should result in better performance than creating a timer connection
on every call (for thread-safety), but could still be improved.

Fixes #158.
Fiasco.OC: introduce Cap_index (fixes #149, #112)

This commit introduces a Cap_index class for Fiasco.OC's capabilities.
A Cap_index is a combination of the global capability id, that is used by Genode
to correctly identify a kernel-object, and a corresponding entry in a
protection-domain's (kernel-)capability-space. The cap-indices are non-copyable,
unique objects, that are held in a Cap_map. The Cap_map is used to re-find
capabilities already present in the protection-domain, when a capability is
received via IPC. The retrieval of capabilities effectively fixes issue #112,
meaning the waste of capability-space entries.
Because Cap_index objects are non-copyable (their address indicates the position
in the capability-space of the pd), they are inappropriate to use as
Native_capability. Therefore, Native_capability is implemented as a reference
to Cap_index objects. This design seems to be a good pre-condition to implement
smart-pointers for entries in the capability-space, and thereby closing existing
leaks (please refer to issue #32).

Cap_index, Cap_map, and the allocator for Cap_index objects are designed in a way,
that it should be relatively easy to apply the same concept to NOVA also. By now,
these classes are located in the `base-foc` repository, but they intentionally
contain no Fiasco.OC specific elements.

The previously explained changes had extensive impact on the whole Fiasco.OC
platform implementation, due to various dependencies. The following things had to
be changed:

* The Thread object's startup and destruction routine is re-arranged, to
  enable another thread (that calls the Thread destructor) gaining the
  capability id of the thread's gate to remove it from the Cap_map, the
  thread's UTCB had to be made available to the caller, because there
  is the current location of that id. After having the UTCB available
  in the Thread object for that reason, the whole thread bootstrapping
  could be simplified.
* In the course of changing the Native_capability's semantic, a new Cap_mapping
  class was introduced in core, that facilitates the establishment and
  destruction of capability mappings between core and it's client's, especially
  mappings related to Platform_thread and Platform_task, that are relevant to
  task and thread creation and destruction. Thereby, the destruction of
  threads had to be reworked, which effectively removed a bug (issue #149)
  where some threads weren't destroyed properly.
* In the quick fix for issue #112, something similar to the Cap_map was
  introduced available in all processes. Moreover, some kind of a capability
  map already existed in core, to handle cap-session request properly. The
  introduction of the Cap_map unified both structures, so that the
  cap-session component code in core had to be reworked too.
* The platform initialization code had to be changed sligthly due to the
  changes in Native_capability
* The vcpu initialization in the L4Linux support library had to be adapted
  according to the already mentioned changes in the Thread object's bootstrap
  code.
Fix compare_output_to in run tool (fix #162)

In the compare_output_to function in the run tool a check was introduced,
whether the given arguments are empty, and if so if the output string is it
too. Without this patch compare_output_to succeeded when the given pattern
was empty but output wasn't. Please refer to issue #162.
Fiasco.OC: remove cap_alloc library (fix #160)

The cap_alloc library became redundant and doesn't compile any longer.
This commit simply removes it. Please, refer to issue #160.
Let cap_integrity test be more expressive

By using the `compare_output_to` method from the run tool instead of using
regexp in the cap_integrity run-script, the test outputs the undesired lines
instead of just signaling that the test failed.
Rewrite cap_integrity test for Fiasco.OC (fix #161)

By commit d287b9d89387d8d307c11594413d7ab47429827f the Native_capability
class changed fundamentally in the Fiasco.OC platform code of Genode. Thereby
the cap_integrity test got incompatible with it. This commit introduces a
separate test implementation for Fiasco.OC that does semantically the same
like the old test. Please refer to issue #161.
Fix race when removing Cap_index (fix #163)

Removing a Cap_index from Capability_map in core can happen twice, via
Cap_session_component or destructor of a Cap_mapping. That it's checked
whether the index is part of the map before removing it. This patch puts
the check into the remove method, so both operations are within the same
lock context, to remove a race condition.

This is a follow up fix for commit d287b9d89387d8d307c11594413d7ab47429827f
Fiasco.OC: sanity-check cap insertion. (fix #166)

When constructing a thread object its capability is inserted into the
capability map. Normally this is done by the ipc-unmarshalling code, but
in this case the thread-capability isn't transfered via normal IPC, but in
a special form via the thread_state object. In contrast to the unmarshalling
code, the thread-startup code doesn't check, whether the capability-map
already contains a deprecated entry with the same capability id before
inserting the thread's capability. This commit add the necessary check.

Moreover, a check is added to the insertion methods of the capability-map
to verify that capability-allocation didn't failed.
Fiasco.OC: prevent first exception in ldso apps

In applications that use ldso the main_thread_bootstrap() function is called
twice which results in the main thread's gate-capability to be inserted twice
in the Capability_map which results in an exception. Unfortunately at least
on ARM this exception cannot be handled that early, so this commit prevents
the exception by checking, whether the capability is inserted already or not.
Fixes #164.
Add VIM to 'noux_bash.run'