magic.h: move some FS magic numbers into magic.h

- Move open-coded filesystem magic numbers into magic.h

- Rearrange magic.h so that the filesystem-related constants are grouped
  together.

Signed-off-by: Muthukumar R <muthur@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
nmi watchdog: do not use cpp symbol in Kconfig

ARCH_HAS_NMI_WATCHDOG is a macro defined by arch, but config
HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR depends on it.  This is wrong, ARCH_HAS_NMI_WATCHDOG
has to be a Kconfig config, and arch's need it should select it
explicitly.

Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
headers: include linux/types.h where appropriate

This addresses some header check warnings.  DRM headers which include
"drm.h" have been excluded, as they indirectly include types.h.

Signed-off-by: Bobby Powers <bobbypowers@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
consolidate WARN_...ONCE() static variables

Due to the alignment of following variables, these typically consume
more than just the single byte that 'bool' requires, and as there are a
few hundred instances, the cache pollution (not so much the waste of
memory) sums up.  Put these variables into their own section, outside of
any half way frequently used memory range.

Do the same also to the __warned variable of rcu_lockdep_assert().
(Don't, however, include the ones used by printk_once() and alike, as
they can potentially be hot.)

Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove remaining bits of io_remap_page_range()

Commit 33bf56106d9b ("feature removal of io_remap_page_range()") removed
io_remap_page_range(), but it is still included in some arch header
files.  It has no in-tree users.

Signed-off-by: Javi Merino <javi.merino@arm.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Aurelien Jacquiot <a-jacquiot@ti.com>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
fs/notify/notification.c: make subsys_initcall function static

Signed-off-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: Arun Sharma <asharma@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
drivers/staging/telephony/ixj.c: fix warning about sequence points

In the statement

	j->caplist[j->caps].handle = j->caps++;

there is no sequence point between the usage of j->caps on the LHS of
the assignment and the incrementation on its RHS.  So it's not defined
in Standard C if j->caps is already incremented when used on the LHS
even though the postfix ++ operator is used.  To properly fix that the
incrementation has to be done in a separate expression.

This fixes:
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c: In function `add_caps':
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:5930:38: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:5950:38: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:5954:38: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:5965:39: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:5976:39: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:5988:39: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:5998:38: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:6003:38: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:6008:38: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:6013:38: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:6019:38: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:6026:39: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:6031:39: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:6036:39: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:6041:39: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:6049:39: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:6057:39: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:6065:39: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]
	drivers/telephony/ixj.c:6071:39: warning: operation on `j->caps' may be undefined [-Wsequence-point]

Signed-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König <uwe@kleine-koenig.org>
Cc: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
prctl: add PR_{SET,GET}_CHILD_SUBREAPER to allow simple process supervision

Userspace service managers/supervisors need to track their started
services.  Many services daemonize by double-forking and get implicitly
re-parented to PID 1.  The service manager will no longer be able to
receive the SIGCHLD signals for them, and is no longer in charge of
reaping the children with wait().  All information about the children is
lost at the moment PID 1 cleans up the re-parented processes.

With this prctl, a service manager process can mark itself as a sort of
'sub-init', able to stay as the parent for all orphaned processes
created by the started services.  All SIGCHLD signals will be delivered
to the service manager.

Receiving SIGCHLD and doing wait() is in cases of a service-manager much
preferred over any possible asynchronous notification about specific
PIDs, because the service manager has full access to the child process
data in /proc and the PID can not be re-used until the wait(), the
service-manager itself is in charge of, has happened.

As a side effect, the relevant parent PID information does not get lost
by a double-fork, which results in a more elaborate process tree and
'ps' output:

before:
  # ps afx
  253 ?        Ss     0:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --system --nofork
  294 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/libexec/polkit-1/polkitd
  328 ?        S      0:00 /usr/sbin/modem-manager
  608 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/libexec/colord
  658 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/libexec/upowerd
  819 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/libexec/imsettings-daemon
  916 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/libexec/udisks-daemon
  917 ?        S      0:00  \_ udisks-daemon: not polling any devices

after:
  # ps afx
  294 ?        Ss     0:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --system --nofork
  426 ?        Sl     0:00  \_ /usr/libexec/polkit-1/polkitd
  449 ?        S      0:00  \_ /usr/sbin/modem-manager
  635 ?        Sl     0:00  \_ /usr/libexec/colord
  705 ?        Sl     0:00  \_ /usr/libexec/upowerd
  959 ?        Sl     0:00  \_ /usr/libexec/udisks-daemon
  960 ?        S      0:00  |   \_ udisks-daemon: not polling any devices
  977 ?        Sl     0:00  \_ /usr/libexec/packagekitd

This prctl is orthogonal to PID namespaces.  PID namespaces are isolated
from each other, while a service management process usually requires the
services to live in the same namespace, to be able to talk to each
other.

Users of this will be the systemd per-user instance, which provides
init-like functionality for the user's login session and D-Bus, which
activates bus services on-demand.  Both need init-like capabilities to
be able to properly keep track of the services they start.

Many thanks to Oleg for several rounds of review and insights.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment layout and spelling]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add lengthy code comment from Oleg]
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Acked-by: Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kernel/exit.c: if init dies, log a signal which killed it, if any

I just received another user's pleas for help when their init
mysteriously died.  I again explained that they need to check whether it
died because of bad instruction, a segv, or something else.  Which was
an annoying detour into writing a trivial C program to spawn his init
and print its exit code:

  http://lists.busybox.net/pipermail/busybox/2012-January/077172.html

I hear you saying "just test it under /bin/sh".  Well, the crashing init
_was_ /bin/sh.

Which prompted me to make kernel do this first step automatically.  We can
print exit code, which makes it possible to see that death was from e.g.
SIGILL without writing test programs.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add 0x to hex number output]
Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
watchdog: make sure the watchdog thread gets CPU on loaded system

If the system is loaded while hotplugging a CPU we might end up with a
bogus hardlockup detection.  This has been seen during LTP pounder test
executed in parallel with hotplug test.

The main problem is that enable_watchdog (called when CPU is brought up)
registers perf event which periodically checks per-cpu counter
(hrtimer_interrupts), updated from a hrtimer callback, but the hrtimer
is fired from the kernel thread.

This means that while we already do check for the hard lockup the kernel
thread might be sitting on the runqueue with zillions of tasks so there
is nobody to update the value we rely on and so we KABOOM.

Let's fix this by boosting the watchdog thread priority before we wake
it up rather than when it's already running.  This still doesn't handle
a case where we have the same amount of high prio FIFO tasks but that
doesn't seem to be common.  The current implementation doesn't handle
that case anyway so this is not worse at least.

Unfortunately, we cannot start perf counter from the watchdog thread
because we could miss a real lock up and also we cannot start the
hrtimer watchdog_enable because we there is no way (at least I don't
know any) to start a hrtimer from a different CPU.

[dzickus@redhat.com: fix compile issue with param]
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: Mandeep Singh Baines <msb@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kernel/watchdog.c: convert to pr_foo()

It fixes some 80-col wordwrappings and adds some consistency.

Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kernel/watchdog.c: add comment to watchdog() exit path

Revelation from Peter.

Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@tglx.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
get_maintainer: use a default "unknown" S: status/role

When an "S:" status line is unavailable, use a default "unknown" role.

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
get_maintainer.pl: add support for moderated lists

Currently get_maintainer.pl reports moderated lists as open, which is just
wrong.

Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Acked-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
MAINTAINERS: update MCA section

The MCA section included a file referring to Machine Check rather than
Microchannel.

Rename the section to spell out Microchannel and drop the bad file
reference.

Reported-by: Greg Pearson <greg.pearson@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
MAINTAINERS: update git urls for 2.6 deletions

Update the various git urls for name changes from 2.6.

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Reviewed-by: Jesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
MAINTAINERS: add status to ALPHA architecture

Add missing S: status line to ALPHA.

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
MAINTAINERS: add "S: Maintained" to clkdev and clk sections

Russell King seems to be maintaining these.  Might as well mark them with
the appropriate S: entry

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
MAINTAINERS: update maintainership of LTP

The maintainership of LTP is out of date, so update it.

Signed-off-by: Wanlong Gao <gaowanlong@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Caspar Zhang <caspar@casparzhang.com>
Reviewed-by: Rishikesh K Rajak <rishikesh.rajak@hp.com>
Acked-by: Subrata Modak <tosubrata@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
backlight: convert backlight i2c drivers to module_i2c_driver

Factor out some boilerplate code for i2c driver registration into
module_i2c_driver.

Signed-off-by: Axel Lin <axel.lin@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Hennerich <hennerich@blackfin.uclinux.org>
Cc: Dmitry Baryshkov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>