Create stubbed `console` methods

Remove the previous `log()` wrapper method as it changed the reported
line position in logs. Instead, avoid `console` errors in browsers
without `console` by setting its methods to empty functions.

Ref. #1107.
update modernizr to 2.6.1. fixes #1146. ref #1086
Remove superfluous code comments

Reduce the perceived complexity and verbosity of certain files by
stripping unneccessary inline comments.

Relevant documentation may end up in a `doc/` directory such that any
download has an accurate and matching code documentation bundle.

Ref gh-1048
Remove uncompressed jQuery

Not referenced anywhere else in the project and is unlikely to ever get
used since the CDN version of jQuery is used by default.

Fix gh-1153
Rewrite documentation and add to repo

Include all documentation related to the project and its code. This
ensures that docs are available offline and that any future download
will have docs that relevant for the version in use.

This change involves a documentation rewrite to update, simplify,
clarify, and consolidate it.
Add CHANGELOG

Keep the project history available within the repo; make it easier to
track what is currently changed over the last tagged release.
Clean up .gitignore

Remove all the ignores from `.gitignore`. The default boilerplate
doesn't generate any project-specific files that need to be ignored. All
OS and Editor-generated files should be globally ignored rather than
polluting the local project ignores.

Further information on using git ignore's appropriately can be found in
the miscellaneous part of the bundled docs.
Add MIT license

Provide a proper, highly permission license, recognized by the OSI, to
remove any potential for ambiguity. Addresses concerns around the
inability to elect to place work in the Public Domain.

Fix gh-1139
Separate normalize.css from main.css

Benefits of disentangling  normalize.css from the rest of the project's
CSS:

* Easier to track normalize.css version.
* Easier to update normalize.css.
* Easier to remove normalize.css if the user wants.
* Clearer distinction between normalizing CSS and the additions that
  HTML5 Boilerplate provides.

Drawback is the additional HTTP request incurred from the extra
stylesheet referenced in the HTML. However, we already do something
similar for the JS, and anyone serious about performance is going to
employ a build process to concatenate and minify CSS/JS.

Ref gh-1132
Ref gh-1140
Update jQuery 1.7.2 to jQuery 1.8.0

Ref gh-1161
Update CHANGELOG

Ref gh-1161
Docs: add info about using Metro tiles

Thanks to @Kroc for raising this issue and providing extra details. It
has been included in the 'extend' documentation alongside other IE tips.

Close gh-1136
Minor HTML indentation change
Simplify apple touch icons

Remove the radial gradient from around the star symbol.
Docs: minor tweaks
Update doc/extend.md

Added:
* IE10/Win8 badges
* Twitter Cards
* Chrome Web Store inline install
* iOS 6 Safari's Smart App Banners
Update to normalize.css v1.0.0
Docs: adjust line length and whitespace
htaccess: include a SymLinksIfOwnerMatch comment

Some web hosts disallows the use of the FollowSymLinks option in
.htaccess files, and suggest the use of SymLinksIfOwnerMatch.

Close gh-1147
Add "Hello world" to index.html

This avoids the default template rendering a completely blank page and
makes it easy for people to know straight away that things are
"working".

Fix gh-1165