[analyzer] Check that a member expr is valid even when the result is an lvalue.

We want to catch cases like this early, so that we can produce better
diagnostics and path notes:

  Point *p = 0;
  int *px = &p->x; // should warn here
  *px = 1;

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@164441 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
[analyzer] Check that an ObjCIvarRefExpr's base is non-null even as an lvalue.

Like with struct fields, we want to catch cases like this early,
so that we can produce better diagnostics and path notes:

  PointObj *p = nil;
  int *px = &p->_x; // should warn here
  *px = 1;

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@164442 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Use llvm::getOrdinalSuffix to print ordinal numbers in diagnostics.

Just a refactoring of common infrastructure. No intended functionality change.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@164443 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
[analyzer] Better path notes for null pointers passed as arguments.

Rather than saying "Null pointer value stored to 'foo'", we now say
"Passing null pointer value via Nth parameter 'foo'", which is much better.
The note is also now on the argument expression as well, rather than the
entire call.

This paves the way for continuing to track arguments back to their sources.

<rdar://problem/12211490>

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@164444 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
[analyzer] Look through OpaqueValueExprs when tracking a nil value.

This allows us to show /why/ a particular object is nil, even when it is
wrapped in an OpaqueValueExpr.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@164445 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
[analyzer] Allow a BugReport to be marked "invalid" during path generation.

This is intended to allow visitors to make decisions about whether a
BugReport is likely a false positive. Currently there are no visitors
making use of this feature, so there are no tests.

When a BugReport is marked invalid, the invalidator must provide a key
that identifies the invaliation (intended to be the visitor type and a
context pointer of some kind). This allows us to reverse the decision
later on. Being able to reverse a decision about invalidation gives us more
flexibility, and allows us to formulate conditions like "this report is
invalid UNLESS the original argument is 'foo'". We can use this to
fine-tune our false-positive suppression (coming soon).

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@164446 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
[analyzer] Always allow BugReporterVisitors to see the bug path.

Before, PathDiagnosticConsumers that did not support actual path output
would (sensibly) cause the generation of the full path to be skipped.
However, BugReporterVisitors may want to see the path in order to mark a
BugReport as invalid.

Now, even for a path generation scheme of 'None' we will still create a
trimmed graph and walk backwards through the bug path, doing no work other
than passing the nodes to the BugReporterVisitors. This isn't cheap, but
it's necessary to properly do suppression when the first path consumer does
not support path notes.

In the future, we should try only generating the path and visitor-provided
path notes once, or at least only creating the trimmed graph once.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@164447 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
[analyzer] Track a null value back through FindLastStoreBRVisitor.

Also, tidy up the other tracking visitors so that they mark the right
things as interesting and don't do extra work.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@164448 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
[analyzer] Suppress bugs whose paths go through the return of a null pointer.

This is a heuristic intended to greatly reduce the number of false
positives resulting from inlining, particularly inlining of generic,
defensive C++ methods that live in header files. The suppression is
triggered in the cases where we ask to track where a null pointer came
from, and it turns out that the source of the null pointer was an inlined
function call.

This change brings the number of bug reports in LLVM from ~1500 down to
around ~300, a much more manageable number. Yes, some true positives may
be hidden as well, but from what I looked at the vast majority of silenced
reports are false positives, and many of the true issues found by the
analyzer are still reported.

I'm hoping to improve this heuristic further by adding some exceptions
next week (cases in which a bug should still be reported).

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@164449 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8