base-fiasco: document dependency to byacc

Fixes #486.
base-fiasco: support 64bit build hosts
base: entrypoint stack size 2048 machine words

This makes the stack fit for 32-bit as well as 64-bit platforms.
bomb test: stack size on 64-bit / dense logging
Destruct IPC-server object on entrypoint destruction

The IPC-server object exists solely on the stack of the entrypoint
thread and, therefore, would never be destructed as the thread is just
killed. Now, the object is explicitly destructed in the entrypoint
destructor. An alternative solution could instruct the entrypoint thread
the terminate, which would automatically cleanup its stack.

The object pool is assumed to be empty on destruction of the entrypoint.
If not, we warn and at least dissolve all RPC objects.
base-linux: implement IPC server destruction

When an IPC server is finalized two important things should happen:
First, the association of the server socket with a capability must be
invalidated. And finally, the server socket pair (server side and client
side) must be closed.

Related to #38.
Add 'Thread_base::join()'

Using the new 'join()' function, the caller can explicitly block for the
completion of the thread's 'entry()' function. The test case for this
feature can be found at 'os/src/test/thread_join'. For hybrid
Linux/Genode programs, the 'Thread_base::join()' does not map directly
to 'pthread_join'. The latter function gets already called by the
destructor of 'Thread_base'. According to the documentation, subsequent
calls of 'pthread_join' for one thread may result in undefined behaviour.
So we use a 'Genode::Lock' on this platform, which is in line with the
other platforms.

Related to #194, #501
base-linux: Add chdir after performing chroot

This ensures that the cwd of the process is within the chroot
environment, improving security for root processes.

The cwd after the chroot is the same as before, this is needed to
start binaries given as relative path name.
Generalize handling of PD-session arguments

On Linux, we want to attach additional attributes to processes, i.e.,
the chroot location, the designated UID, and GID. Instead of polluting
the generic code with such Linux-specific platform details, I introduced
the new 'Native_pd_args' type, which can be customized for each
platform. The platform-dependent policy of init is factored out in the
new 'pd_args' library.

The new 'base-linux/run/lx_pd_args.run' script can be used to validate
the propagation of those attributes into core.

Note that this patch does not add the interpretation of the new UID and
PID attributes by core. This will be subject of a follow-up patch.

Related to #510.
base-linux: Support customization of UIDs and GIDs

With this patch, custom UIDs and GIDs can be assigned to individual
Genode processes or whole Genode subsystems.

The new 'base-linux/run/lx_uid.run' script contains an example of how to
use the feature.

Fixes #510
Noux: make install target configurable

With this patch the make install target for Noux applications gets defined
in the 'NOUX_INSTALL_TARGET' make variable with 'install-strip' as default.

Fixes #503.
base_hw: Use TLB-specific 'struct Page_flags'.

'Page_flags' maps application-specific memory attributes
to the TLB-specific memory attributes. Thereby it avoids
functions with lots of parameters, by declaring appropriate
bitfields on a single POD value.
base_hw & arm_v7: Use write-back caching.

Add 'resume_faulter' syscall that is similar to 'resume_thread', but
is called only when resuming a thread after resolving its pagefault.
This way the kernel can flush caches after resolving a pagefault. This is
because by now the MMU doesn't use caches when doing a pagetable walk.
base-hw: Read and write whole thread states.

By now there is no use case for read/write a single register
of a thread state. Thus the new syscalls 'read_thread_state' and
'write_thread_state' replace the old ones 'read_register' and
'write_register'.
cpu_session: Access thread state by value
base & core: Use FIFO to queue RM faulters.

By now RM faulters are hold in a LIFO. Thus a starvation problem
occurs on managed dataspaces when multiple threads throw pagefaults
continuously.
base-hw: Fix bug in 'thread_resume' syscall.
Merge panda_a2 and panda SPEC (fix #505, fix #506)

There is no obvious reason for having two different SPEC variables, definitions,
and pathes for the Pandaboard platform. It even lead to problems regarding the
omap4 framebuffer driver (look at issue #505 and #506).
Fiasco.OC: enable i.MX53 platform
Improve robustness of chroot-related tests