Merge branch 'nd/columns' into jch

A couple of commands learn --column option to produce columnar output.

Will merge to 'master'.

By Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy (9) and Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek (1)
* nd/columns:
  tag: add --column
  column: support piping stdout to external git-column process
  status: add --column
  branch: add --column
  help: reuse print_columns() for help -a
  column: add dense layout support
  t9002: work around shells that are unable to set COLUMNS to 1
  column: add columnar layout
  Stop starting pager recursively
  Add column layout skeleton and git-column

Conflicts:
	builtin/branch.c
	builtin/help.c
	help.c
	help.h
Merge branch 'zj/diff-empty-chmod' into jch

"git diff --stat" used to fully count a binary file with modified
execution bits whose contents is unmodified, which was not right.

Will merge to 'master'.

By Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek (4) and Johannes Sixt (1)
* zj/diff-empty-chmod:
  t4006: Windows do not have /dev/zero
  diff --stat: do not run diff on indentical files
  diff --stat: report mode-only changes for binary files like text files
  tests: check --[short]stat output after chmod
  test: modernize style of t4006

Conflicts:
	diff.c
Merge branch 'jk/maint-push-progress' into jch

"git push" over smart-http lost progress output and this resurrects it.

Will merge to 'master'.

By Jeff King
* jk/maint-push-progress:
  t5541: test more combinations of --progress
  teach send-pack about --[no-]progress
  send-pack: show progress when isatty(2)

Conflicts:
	t/t5541-http-push.sh
Merge branch 'th/difftool-diffall' into jch

Rolls the two-directory-diff logic from diffall script (in contrib/) into
"git difftool" framework.

Will merge to 'master'.

By Tim Henigan
* th/difftool-diffall:
  difftool: print list of valid tools with '--tool-help'
  difftool: teach difftool to handle directory diffs
  difftool: eliminate setup_environment function
  difftool: stop appending '.exe' to git
  difftool: remove explicit change of PATH
  difftool: exit(0) when usage is printed
  difftool: add '--no-gui' option
  difftool: parse options using Getopt::Long
Merge branch 'jk/maint-tformat-with-z' into jch

"log -z --pretty=tformat:..." does not terminate each record with NUL
and this is a beginning of an attempt to fix it.  It still is not right
but the patch does not make externally observable behaviour worse.

By Jan Krüger (1) and Junio C Hamano (1)
* jk/maint-tformat-with-z:
  log-tree: the previous one is still not quite right
  log-tree: use custom line terminator in line termination mode
Merge branch 'nl/http-proxy-more' into pu

Still needs to address review comments from Peff, some of which were
partly addressed with later "fixup" patches queued here.

It probably is a good idea to re-roll the entire series.

By Nelson Benitez Leon (6) and others
* nl/http-proxy-more:
  http: try an uppercase version of $proto_proxy
  http: fix proxy password passing
  http: fix proxy authentication
  http: rename HTTP_REAUTH to HTTP_AUTH_RETRY
  http: Avoid limit of retrying request only twice
  http: handle proxy authentication failure (error 407)
  http: handle proxy proactive authentication
  http: try http_proxy env var when http.proxy config option is not set
Merge branch 'mm/push-default-switch-warning' into pu

Will squash the two, but this has to wait for a few release cycles.

By Junio C Hamano (1) and Matthieu Moy (1)
* mm/push-default-switch-warning:
  t5541: warning message is given even with --quiet
  push: start warning upcoming default change for push.default
Merge branch 'jc/split-blob' into pu

Not ready.

I finished the streaming checkout codepath, but as explained in
127b177 (bulk-checkin: support chunked-object encoding, 2011-11-30),
these are still early steps of a long and painful journey. At least
pack-objects and fsck need to learn the new encoding for the series
to be usable locally, and then index-pack/unpack-objects needs to
learn it to be used remotely.

Given that I heard a lot of noise that people want large files, and
that I was asked by somebody at GitTogether'11 privately for an
advice on how to pay developers (not me) to help adding necessary
support, I am somewhat dissapointed that the original patch series
that was sent almost two months ago still remains here without much
comments and updates from the developer community. I even made the
interface to the logic that decides where to split chunks easily
replaceable, and I deliberately made the logic in the original patch
extremely stupid to entice others, especially the "bup" fanboys, to
come up with a better logic, thinking that giving people an easy
target to shoot for, they may be encouraged to help out. The plan is
not working :-(.

* jc/split-blob:
  chunked-object: streaming checkout
  chunked-object: fallback checkout codepaths
  bulk-checkin: support chunked-object encoding
  bulk-checkin: allow the same data to be multiply hashed
  new representation types in the packstream
  packfile: use varint functions

Conflicts:
	t/t1050-large.sh
Merge branch 'jc/run-hook-env-1' into pu

Not urgent.

Updates run_hook() API to be much less specific to "commit".  It would
only be useful if people start doing more interesting things with hooks.

* jc/run-hook-env-1:
  run_hook(): enhance the interface to pass arbitrary environment
Merge branch 'nd/threaded-index-pack' into pu

By Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy (3) and Ramsay Jones (1)
* nd/threaded-index-pack:
  index-pack: disable threading if NO_PREAD is defined
  index-pack: support multithreaded delta resolving
  index-pack: split second pass obj handling into own function
  compat/win32/pthread.h: Add an pthread_key_delete() implementation

Conflicts:
	builtin/index-pack.c
Merge branch 'mh/ref-api-lazy-loose' into pu

Refs API is updated to lazily read sub-hierarchies of refs/ namespace,
so that we do not have to grab everything from the filesystem when we
are only interested in listing branches, for example.

This looked mostly sane. Did I miss "needs more work" review comments?

By Michael Haggerty
* mh/ref-api-lazy-loose:
  refs: read loose references lazily
  read_loose_refs(): eliminate ref_cache argument
  struct ref_dir: store a reference to the enclosing ref_cache
  search_for_subdir(): return (ref_dir *) instead of (ref_entry *)
  get_ref_dir(): add function for getting a ref_dir from a ref_entry
  read_loose_refs(): rename function from get_ref_dir()
  refs: wrap top-level ref_dirs in ref_entries
  find_containing_dir(): use strbuf in implementation of this function
  bisect: copy filename string obtained from git_path()
  do_for_each_reflog(): reuse strbuf across recursive function calls
  do_for_each_reflog(): use a strbuf to hold logfile name
  do_for_each_reflog(): return early on error
  get_ref_dir(): take the containing directory as argument
  refs.c: extract function search_for_subdir()
  get_ref_dir(): require that the dirname argument ends in '/'
  get_ref_dir(): rename "base" parameter to "dirname"
  get_ref_dir(): use a strbuf to hold refname
  get_ref_dir(): return early if directory cannot be read
Merge branch 'nd/stream-to-archive' into pu

Stream large blobs directly out to archive files without slurping
everything in memory first.  The streaming version of "tar" may need
further fixing.

Expecting another reroll; the second version already had review exchanges
so I didn't pick it up.

By René Scharfe (5) and Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy (4)
* nd/stream-to-archive:
  archive-zip: streaming for deflated files
  archive-zip: streaming for stored files
  archive-zip: factor out helpers for writing sizes and CRC
  archive-zip: remove uncompressed_size
  streaming: void pointer instead of char pointer
  archive-tar: stream large blobs to tar file
  archive: delegate blob reading to backend
  archive-tar: unindent write_tar_entry by one level
  archive-tar: turn write_tar_entry into blob-writing only

Conflicts:
	t/t1050-large.sh