l3lab/ntp-mathlib huggingface dataset:
/-- The measurable Besicovitch covering theorem. Assume that, for any `x` in a set `s`,
one is given a set of admissible closed balls centered at `x`, with arbitrarily small radii.
Then there exists a disjoint covering of almost all `s` by admissible closed balls centered at some
points of `s`. We can even require that the radius at `x` is bounded by a given function `R x`.
(Take `R = 1` if you don't need this additional feature).
This version requires that the underlying measure is sigma-finite, and that the space has the
Besicovitch covering property (which is satisfied for instance by normed real vector spaces).
-/
theorem exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae (μ : Measure α) [SigmaFinite μ] (f : α → Set ℝ)
    (s : Set α) (hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty) (R : α → ℝ)
    (hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x) :
    ∃ (t : Set α) (r : α → ℝ), t.Countable ∧ t ⊆ s ∧
      (∀ x ∈ t, r x ∈ f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)) ∧ μ (s \ ⋃ x ∈ t, closedBall x (r x)) = 0 ∧
        t.PairwiseDisjoint fun x => closedBall x (r x) := by
  let g x := f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
  have hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty := by
    intro x hx δ δpos
    rcases hf x hx (min δ (R x)) (lt_min δpos (hR x hx)) with ⟨r, hr⟩
    exact
      ⟨r,
        ⟨⟨hr.1, hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_right _ _)⟩,
          ⟨hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_left _ _)⟩⟩⟩
  rcases exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae_aux μ g s hg with ⟨v, v_count, vs, vg, μv, v_disj⟩
  let t := Prod.fst '' v
  have : ∀ x ∈ t, ∃ r : ℝ, (x, r) ∈ v := by
    intro x hx
    rcases (mem_image _ _ _).1 hx with ⟨⟨p, q⟩, hp, rfl⟩
    exact ⟨q, hp⟩
  choose! r hr using this
  have im_t : (fun x => (x, r x)) '' t = v := by
    have I : ∀ p : α × ℝ, p ∈ v → 0 ≤ p.2 := fun p hp => (vg p hp).2.1.le
    apply Subset.antisymm
    · simp only [image_subset_iff]
      rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      simp only [mem_preimage]
      exact hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
    · rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      have hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v := hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
      

Proof state:
case h₂.mk
α : Type u_1
inst✝⁵ : MetricSpace α
β : Type u
inst✝⁴ : SecondCountableTopology α
inst✝³ : MeasurableSpace α
inst✝² : OpensMeasurableSpace α
inst✝¹ : HasBesicovitchCovering α
μ : Measure α
inst✝ : SigmaFinite μ
f : α → Set ℝ
s : Set α
hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
R : α → ℝ
hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x
g : α → Set ℝ := fun x => f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
v : Set (α × ℝ)
v_count : Set.Countable v
vs : ∀ p ∈ v, p.1 ∈ s
vg : ∀ p ∈ v, p.2 ∈ g p.1
μv : ↑↑μ (s \ ⋃ p ∈ v, closedBall p.1 p.2) = 0
v_disj : PairwiseDisjoint v fun p => closedBall p.1 p.2
t : Set α := Prod.fst '' v
r : α → ℝ
hr : ∀ x ∈ t, (x, r x) ∈ v
I : ∀ p ∈ v, 0 ≤ p.2
x : α
p : ℝ
hxp : (x, p) ∈ v
hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v
⊢ (x, p) ∈ (fun x => (x, r x)) '' t

Next tactic:
have : p = r x := by
        by_contra h
        have A : (x, p) ≠ (x, r x) := by
          simpa only [true_and_iff, Prod.mk.inj_iff, eq_self_iff_true, Ne.def] using h
        have H := v_disj hxp hxrx A
        contrapose H
        rw [not_disjoint_iff_nonempty_inter]
        refine' ⟨x, by simp (config := { proj := false }) [I _ hxp, I _ hxrx]⟩
/-- The measurable Besicovitch covering theorem. Assume that, for any `x` in a set `s`,
one is given a set of admissible closed balls centered at `x`, with arbitrarily small radii.
Then there exists a disjoint covering of almost all `s` by admissible closed balls centered at some
points of `s`. We can even require that the radius at `x` is bounded by a given function `R x`.
(Take `R = 1` if you don't need this additional feature).
This version requires that the underlying measure is sigma-finite, and that the space has the
Besicovitch covering property (which is satisfied for instance by normed real vector spaces).
-/
theorem exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae (μ : Measure α) [SigmaFinite μ] (f : α → Set ℝ)
    (s : Set α) (hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty) (R : α → ℝ)
    (hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x) :
    ∃ (t : Set α) (r : α → ℝ), t.Countable ∧ t ⊆ s ∧
      (∀ x ∈ t, r x ∈ f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)) ∧ μ (s \ ⋃ x ∈ t, closedBall x (r x)) = 0 ∧
        t.PairwiseDisjoint fun x => closedBall x (r x) := by
  let g x := f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
  have hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty := by
    intro x hx δ δpos
    rcases hf x hx (min δ (R x)) (lt_min δpos (hR x hx)) with ⟨r, hr⟩
    exact
      ⟨r,
        ⟨⟨hr.1, hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_right _ _)⟩,
          ⟨hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_left _ _)⟩⟩⟩
  rcases exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae_aux μ g s hg with ⟨v, v_count, vs, vg, μv, v_disj⟩
  let t := Prod.fst '' v
  have : ∀ x ∈ t, ∃ r : ℝ, (x, r) ∈ v := by
    intro x hx
    rcases (mem_image _ _ _).1 hx with ⟨⟨p, q⟩, hp, rfl⟩
    exact ⟨q, hp⟩
  choose! r hr using this
  have im_t : (fun x => (x, r x)) '' t = v := by
    have I : ∀ p : α × ℝ, p ∈ v → 0 ≤ p.2 := fun p hp => (vg p hp).2.1.le
    apply Subset.antisymm
    · simp only [image_subset_iff]
      rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      simp only [mem_preimage]
      exact hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
    · rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      have hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v := hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
      have : p = r x := by
        

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
inst✝⁵ : MetricSpace α
β : Type u
inst✝⁴ : SecondCountableTopology α
inst✝³ : MeasurableSpace α
inst✝² : OpensMeasurableSpace α
inst✝¹ : HasBesicovitchCovering α
μ : Measure α
inst✝ : SigmaFinite μ
f : α → Set ℝ
s : Set α
hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
R : α → ℝ
hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x
g : α → Set ℝ := fun x => f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
v : Set (α × ℝ)
v_count : Set.Countable v
vs : ∀ p ∈ v, p.1 ∈ s
vg : ∀ p ∈ v, p.2 ∈ g p.1
μv : ↑↑μ (s \ ⋃ p ∈ v, closedBall p.1 p.2) = 0
v_disj : PairwiseDisjoint v fun p => closedBall p.1 p.2
t : Set α := Prod.fst '' v
r : α → ℝ
hr : ∀ x ∈ t, (x, r x) ∈ v
I : ∀ p ∈ v, 0 ≤ p.2
x : α
p : ℝ
hxp : (x, p) ∈ v
hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v
⊢ p = r x

Next tactic:
by_contra h
/-- The measurable Besicovitch covering theorem. Assume that, for any `x` in a set `s`,
one is given a set of admissible closed balls centered at `x`, with arbitrarily small radii.
Then there exists a disjoint covering of almost all `s` by admissible closed balls centered at some
points of `s`. We can even require that the radius at `x` is bounded by a given function `R x`.
(Take `R = 1` if you don't need this additional feature).
This version requires that the underlying measure is sigma-finite, and that the space has the
Besicovitch covering property (which is satisfied for instance by normed real vector spaces).
-/
theorem exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae (μ : Measure α) [SigmaFinite μ] (f : α → Set ℝ)
    (s : Set α) (hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty) (R : α → ℝ)
    (hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x) :
    ∃ (t : Set α) (r : α → ℝ), t.Countable ∧ t ⊆ s ∧
      (∀ x ∈ t, r x ∈ f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)) ∧ μ (s \ ⋃ x ∈ t, closedBall x (r x)) = 0 ∧
        t.PairwiseDisjoint fun x => closedBall x (r x) := by
  let g x := f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
  have hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty := by
    intro x hx δ δpos
    rcases hf x hx (min δ (R x)) (lt_min δpos (hR x hx)) with ⟨r, hr⟩
    exact
      ⟨r,
        ⟨⟨hr.1, hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_right _ _)⟩,
          ⟨hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_left _ _)⟩⟩⟩
  rcases exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae_aux μ g s hg with ⟨v, v_count, vs, vg, μv, v_disj⟩
  let t := Prod.fst '' v
  have : ∀ x ∈ t, ∃ r : ℝ, (x, r) ∈ v := by
    intro x hx
    rcases (mem_image _ _ _).1 hx with ⟨⟨p, q⟩, hp, rfl⟩
    exact ⟨q, hp⟩
  choose! r hr using this
  have im_t : (fun x => (x, r x)) '' t = v := by
    have I : ∀ p : α × ℝ, p ∈ v → 0 ≤ p.2 := fun p hp => (vg p hp).2.1.le
    apply Subset.antisymm
    · simp only [image_subset_iff]
      rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      simp only [mem_preimage]
      exact hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
    · rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      have hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v := hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
      have : p = r x := by
        by_contra h
        

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
inst✝⁵ : MetricSpace α
β : Type u
inst✝⁴ : SecondCountableTopology α
inst✝³ : MeasurableSpace α
inst✝² : OpensMeasurableSpace α
inst✝¹ : HasBesicovitchCovering α
μ : Measure α
inst✝ : SigmaFinite μ
f : α → Set ℝ
s : Set α
hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
R : α → ℝ
hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x
g : α → Set ℝ := fun x => f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
v : Set (α × ℝ)
v_count : Set.Countable v
vs : ∀ p ∈ v, p.1 ∈ s
vg : ∀ p ∈ v, p.2 ∈ g p.1
μv : ↑↑μ (s \ ⋃ p ∈ v, closedBall p.1 p.2) = 0
v_disj : PairwiseDisjoint v fun p => closedBall p.1 p.2
t : Set α := Prod.fst '' v
r : α → ℝ
hr : ∀ x ∈ t, (x, r x) ∈ v
I : ∀ p ∈ v, 0 ≤ p.2
x : α
p : ℝ
hxp : (x, p) ∈ v
hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v
h : ¬p = r x
⊢ False

Next tactic:
have A : (x, p) ≠ (x, r x) := by
          simpa only [true_and_iff, Prod.mk.inj_iff, eq_self_iff_true, Ne.def] using h
/-- The measurable Besicovitch covering theorem. Assume that, for any `x` in a set `s`,
one is given a set of admissible closed balls centered at `x`, with arbitrarily small radii.
Then there exists a disjoint covering of almost all `s` by admissible closed balls centered at some
points of `s`. We can even require that the radius at `x` is bounded by a given function `R x`.
(Take `R = 1` if you don't need this additional feature).
This version requires that the underlying measure is sigma-finite, and that the space has the
Besicovitch covering property (which is satisfied for instance by normed real vector spaces).
-/
theorem exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae (μ : Measure α) [SigmaFinite μ] (f : α → Set ℝ)
    (s : Set α) (hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty) (R : α → ℝ)
    (hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x) :
    ∃ (t : Set α) (r : α → ℝ), t.Countable ∧ t ⊆ s ∧
      (∀ x ∈ t, r x ∈ f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)) ∧ μ (s \ ⋃ x ∈ t, closedBall x (r x)) = 0 ∧
        t.PairwiseDisjoint fun x => closedBall x (r x) := by
  let g x := f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
  have hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty := by
    intro x hx δ δpos
    rcases hf x hx (min δ (R x)) (lt_min δpos (hR x hx)) with ⟨r, hr⟩
    exact
      ⟨r,
        ⟨⟨hr.1, hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_right _ _)⟩,
          ⟨hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_left _ _)⟩⟩⟩
  rcases exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae_aux μ g s hg with ⟨v, v_count, vs, vg, μv, v_disj⟩
  let t := Prod.fst '' v
  have : ∀ x ∈ t, ∃ r : ℝ, (x, r) ∈ v := by
    intro x hx
    rcases (mem_image _ _ _).1 hx with ⟨⟨p, q⟩, hp, rfl⟩
    exact ⟨q, hp⟩
  choose! r hr using this
  have im_t : (fun x => (x, r x)) '' t = v := by
    have I : ∀ p : α × ℝ, p ∈ v → 0 ≤ p.2 := fun p hp => (vg p hp).2.1.le
    apply Subset.antisymm
    · simp only [image_subset_iff]
      rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      simp only [mem_preimage]
      exact hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
    · rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      have hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v := hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
      have : p = r x := by
        by_contra h
        have A : (x, p) ≠ (x, r x) := by
          

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
inst✝⁵ : MetricSpace α
β : Type u
inst✝⁴ : SecondCountableTopology α
inst✝³ : MeasurableSpace α
inst✝² : OpensMeasurableSpace α
inst✝¹ : HasBesicovitchCovering α
μ : Measure α
inst✝ : SigmaFinite μ
f : α → Set ℝ
s : Set α
hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
R : α → ℝ
hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x
g : α → Set ℝ := fun x => f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
v : Set (α × ℝ)
v_count : Set.Countable v
vs : ∀ p ∈ v, p.1 ∈ s
vg : ∀ p ∈ v, p.2 ∈ g p.1
μv : ↑↑μ (s \ ⋃ p ∈ v, closedBall p.1 p.2) = 0
v_disj : PairwiseDisjoint v fun p => closedBall p.1 p.2
t : Set α := Prod.fst '' v
r : α → ℝ
hr : ∀ x ∈ t, (x, r x) ∈ v
I : ∀ p ∈ v, 0 ≤ p.2
x : α
p : ℝ
hxp : (x, p) ∈ v
hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v
h : ¬p = r x
⊢ (x, p) ≠ (x, r x)

Next tactic:
simpa only [true_and_iff, Prod.mk.inj_iff, eq_self_iff_true, Ne.def] using h
/-- The measurable Besicovitch covering theorem. Assume that, for any `x` in a set `s`,
one is given a set of admissible closed balls centered at `x`, with arbitrarily small radii.
Then there exists a disjoint covering of almost all `s` by admissible closed balls centered at some
points of `s`. We can even require that the radius at `x` is bounded by a given function `R x`.
(Take `R = 1` if you don't need this additional feature).
This version requires that the underlying measure is sigma-finite, and that the space has the
Besicovitch covering property (which is satisfied for instance by normed real vector spaces).
-/
theorem exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae (μ : Measure α) [SigmaFinite μ] (f : α → Set ℝ)
    (s : Set α) (hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty) (R : α → ℝ)
    (hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x) :
    ∃ (t : Set α) (r : α → ℝ), t.Countable ∧ t ⊆ s ∧
      (∀ x ∈ t, r x ∈ f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)) ∧ μ (s \ ⋃ x ∈ t, closedBall x (r x)) = 0 ∧
        t.PairwiseDisjoint fun x => closedBall x (r x) := by
  let g x := f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
  have hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty := by
    intro x hx δ δpos
    rcases hf x hx (min δ (R x)) (lt_min δpos (hR x hx)) with ⟨r, hr⟩
    exact
      ⟨r,
        ⟨⟨hr.1, hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_right _ _)⟩,
          ⟨hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_left _ _)⟩⟩⟩
  rcases exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae_aux μ g s hg with ⟨v, v_count, vs, vg, μv, v_disj⟩
  let t := Prod.fst '' v
  have : ∀ x ∈ t, ∃ r : ℝ, (x, r) ∈ v := by
    intro x hx
    rcases (mem_image _ _ _).1 hx with ⟨⟨p, q⟩, hp, rfl⟩
    exact ⟨q, hp⟩
  choose! r hr using this
  have im_t : (fun x => (x, r x)) '' t = v := by
    have I : ∀ p : α × ℝ, p ∈ v → 0 ≤ p.2 := fun p hp => (vg p hp).2.1.le
    apply Subset.antisymm
    · simp only [image_subset_iff]
      rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      simp only [mem_preimage]
      exact hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
    · rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      have hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v := hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
      have : p = r x := by
        by_contra h
        have A : (x, p) ≠ (x, r x) := by
          simpa only [true_and_iff, Prod.mk.inj_iff, eq_self_iff_true, Ne.def] using h
        

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
inst✝⁵ : MetricSpace α
β : Type u
inst✝⁴ : SecondCountableTopology α
inst✝³ : MeasurableSpace α
inst✝² : OpensMeasurableSpace α
inst✝¹ : HasBesicovitchCovering α
μ : Measure α
inst✝ : SigmaFinite μ
f : α → Set ℝ
s : Set α
hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
R : α → ℝ
hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x
g : α → Set ℝ := fun x => f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
v : Set (α × ℝ)
v_count : Set.Countable v
vs : ∀ p ∈ v, p.1 ∈ s
vg : ∀ p ∈ v, p.2 ∈ g p.1
μv : ↑↑μ (s \ ⋃ p ∈ v, closedBall p.1 p.2) = 0
v_disj : PairwiseDisjoint v fun p => closedBall p.1 p.2
t : Set α := Prod.fst '' v
r : α → ℝ
hr : ∀ x ∈ t, (x, r x) ∈ v
I : ∀ p ∈ v, 0 ≤ p.2
x : α
p : ℝ
hxp : (x, p) ∈ v
hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v
h : ¬p = r x
A : (x, p) ≠ (x, r x)
⊢ False

Next tactic:
have H := v_disj hxp hxrx A
/-- The measurable Besicovitch covering theorem. Assume that, for any `x` in a set `s`,
one is given a set of admissible closed balls centered at `x`, with arbitrarily small radii.
Then there exists a disjoint covering of almost all `s` by admissible closed balls centered at some
points of `s`. We can even require that the radius at `x` is bounded by a given function `R x`.
(Take `R = 1` if you don't need this additional feature).
This version requires that the underlying measure is sigma-finite, and that the space has the
Besicovitch covering property (which is satisfied for instance by normed real vector spaces).
-/
theorem exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae (μ : Measure α) [SigmaFinite μ] (f : α → Set ℝ)
    (s : Set α) (hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty) (R : α → ℝ)
    (hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x) :
    ∃ (t : Set α) (r : α → ℝ), t.Countable ∧ t ⊆ s ∧
      (∀ x ∈ t, r x ∈ f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)) ∧ μ (s \ ⋃ x ∈ t, closedBall x (r x)) = 0 ∧
        t.PairwiseDisjoint fun x => closedBall x (r x) := by
  let g x := f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
  have hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty := by
    intro x hx δ δpos
    rcases hf x hx (min δ (R x)) (lt_min δpos (hR x hx)) with ⟨r, hr⟩
    exact
      ⟨r,
        ⟨⟨hr.1, hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_right _ _)⟩,
          ⟨hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_left _ _)⟩⟩⟩
  rcases exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae_aux μ g s hg with ⟨v, v_count, vs, vg, μv, v_disj⟩
  let t := Prod.fst '' v
  have : ∀ x ∈ t, ∃ r : ℝ, (x, r) ∈ v := by
    intro x hx
    rcases (mem_image _ _ _).1 hx with ⟨⟨p, q⟩, hp, rfl⟩
    exact ⟨q, hp⟩
  choose! r hr using this
  have im_t : (fun x => (x, r x)) '' t = v := by
    have I : ∀ p : α × ℝ, p ∈ v → 0 ≤ p.2 := fun p hp => (vg p hp).2.1.le
    apply Subset.antisymm
    · simp only [image_subset_iff]
      rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      simp only [mem_preimage]
      exact hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
    · rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      have hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v := hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
      have : p = r x := by
        by_contra h
        have A : (x, p) ≠ (x, r x) := by
          simpa only [true_and_iff, Prod.mk.inj_iff, eq_self_iff_true, Ne.def] using h
        have H := v_disj hxp hxrx A
        

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
inst✝⁵ : MetricSpace α
β : Type u
inst✝⁴ : SecondCountableTopology α
inst✝³ : MeasurableSpace α
inst✝² : OpensMeasurableSpace α
inst✝¹ : HasBesicovitchCovering α
μ : Measure α
inst✝ : SigmaFinite μ
f : α → Set ℝ
s : Set α
hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
R : α → ℝ
hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x
g : α → Set ℝ := fun x => f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
v : Set (α × ℝ)
v_count : Set.Countable v
vs : ∀ p ∈ v, p.1 ∈ s
vg : ∀ p ∈ v, p.2 ∈ g p.1
μv : ↑↑μ (s \ ⋃ p ∈ v, closedBall p.1 p.2) = 0
v_disj : PairwiseDisjoint v fun p => closedBall p.1 p.2
t : Set α := Prod.fst '' v
r : α → ℝ
hr : ∀ x ∈ t, (x, r x) ∈ v
I : ∀ p ∈ v, 0 ≤ p.2
x : α
p : ℝ
hxp : (x, p) ∈ v
hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v
h : ¬p = r x
A : (x, p) ≠ (x, r x)
H : (Disjoint on fun p => closedBall p.1 p.2) (x, p) (x, r x)
⊢ False

Next tactic:
contrapose H
/-- The measurable Besicovitch covering theorem. Assume that, for any `x` in a set `s`,
one is given a set of admissible closed balls centered at `x`, with arbitrarily small radii.
Then there exists a disjoint covering of almost all `s` by admissible closed balls centered at some
points of `s`. We can even require that the radius at `x` is bounded by a given function `R x`.
(Take `R = 1` if you don't need this additional feature).
This version requires that the underlying measure is sigma-finite, and that the space has the
Besicovitch covering property (which is satisfied for instance by normed real vector spaces).
-/
theorem exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae (μ : Measure α) [SigmaFinite μ] (f : α → Set ℝ)
    (s : Set α) (hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty) (R : α → ℝ)
    (hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x) :
    ∃ (t : Set α) (r : α → ℝ), t.Countable ∧ t ⊆ s ∧
      (∀ x ∈ t, r x ∈ f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)) ∧ μ (s \ ⋃ x ∈ t, closedBall x (r x)) = 0 ∧
        t.PairwiseDisjoint fun x => closedBall x (r x) := by
  let g x := f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
  have hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty := by
    intro x hx δ δpos
    rcases hf x hx (min δ (R x)) (lt_min δpos (hR x hx)) with ⟨r, hr⟩
    exact
      ⟨r,
        ⟨⟨hr.1, hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_right _ _)⟩,
          ⟨hr.2.1, hr.2.2.trans_le (min_le_left _ _)⟩⟩⟩
  rcases exists_disjoint_closedBall_covering_ae_aux μ g s hg with ⟨v, v_count, vs, vg, μv, v_disj⟩
  let t := Prod.fst '' v
  have : ∀ x ∈ t, ∃ r : ℝ, (x, r) ∈ v := by
    intro x hx
    rcases (mem_image _ _ _).1 hx with ⟨⟨p, q⟩, hp, rfl⟩
    exact ⟨q, hp⟩
  choose! r hr using this
  have im_t : (fun x => (x, r x)) '' t = v := by
    have I : ∀ p : α × ℝ, p ∈ v → 0 ≤ p.2 := fun p hp => (vg p hp).2.1.le
    apply Subset.antisymm
    · simp only [image_subset_iff]
      rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      simp only [mem_preimage]
      exact hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
    · rintro ⟨x, p⟩ hxp
      have hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v := hr _ (mem_image_of_mem _ hxp)
      have : p = r x := by
        by_contra h
        have A : (x, p) ≠ (x, r x) := by
          simpa only [true_and_iff, Prod.mk.inj_iff, eq_self_iff_true, Ne.def] using h
        have H := v_disj hxp hxrx A
        contrapose H
        

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
inst✝⁵ : MetricSpace α
β : Type u
inst✝⁴ : SecondCountableTopology α
inst✝³ : MeasurableSpace α
inst✝² : OpensMeasurableSpace α
inst✝¹ : HasBesicovitchCovering α
μ : Measure α
inst✝ : SigmaFinite μ
f : α → Set ℝ
s : Set α
hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
R : α → ℝ
hR : ∀ x ∈ s, 0 < R x
g : α → Set ℝ := fun x => f x ∩ Ioo 0 (R x)
hg : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (g x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
v : Set (α × ℝ)
v_count : Set.Countable v
vs : ∀ p ∈ v, p.1 ∈ s
vg : ∀ p ∈ v, p.2 ∈ g p.1
μv : ↑↑μ (s \ ⋃ p ∈ v, closedBall p.1 p.2) = 0
v_disj : PairwiseDisjoint v fun p => closedBall p.1 p.2
t : Set α := Prod.fst '' v
r : α → ℝ
hr : ∀ x ∈ t, (x, r x) ∈ v
I : ∀ p ∈ v, 0 ≤ p.2
x : α
p : ℝ
hxp : (x, p) ∈ v
hxrx : (x, r x) ∈ v
h : ¬p = r x
A : (x, p) ≠ (x, r x)
H : ¬False
⊢ ¬(Disjoint on fun p => closedBall p.1 p.2) (x, p) (x, r x)

Next tactic:
rw [not_disjoint_iff_nonempty_inter]
/-- In a space with the Besicovitch property, any set `s` can be covered with balls whose measures
add up to at most `μ s + ε`, for any positive `ε`. This works even if one restricts the set of
allowed radii around a point `x` to a set `f x` which accumulates at `0`. -/
theorem exists_closedBall_covering_tsum_measure_le (μ : Measure α) [SigmaFinite μ]
    [Measure.OuterRegular μ] {ε : ℝ≥0∞} (hε : ε ≠ 0) (f : α → Set ℝ) (s : Set α)
    (hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ).Nonempty) :
    ∃ (t : Set α) (r : α → ℝ), t.Countable ∧ t ⊆ s ∧ (∀ x ∈ t, r x ∈ f x) ∧
      (s ⊆ ⋃ x ∈ t, closedBall x (r x)) ∧ (∑' x : t, μ (closedBall x (r x))) ≤ μ s + ε := by
  /- For the proof, first cover almost all `s` with disjoint balls thanks to the usual Besicovitch
    theorem. Taking the balls included in a well-chosen open neighborhood `u` of `s`, one may
    ensure that their measures add at most to `μ s + ε / 2`. Let `s'` be the remaining set, of
    measure `0`. Applying the other version of Besicovitch, one may cover it with at most `N`
    disjoint subfamilies. Making sure that they are all included in a neighborhood `v` of `s'` of
    measure at most `ε / (2 N)`, the sum of their measures is at most `ε / 2`,
    completing the proof. -/
  

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
inst✝⁶ : MetricSpace α
β : Type u
inst✝⁵ : SecondCountableTopology α
inst✝⁴ : MeasurableSpace α
inst✝³ : OpensMeasurableSpace α
inst✝² : HasBesicovitchCovering α
μ : Measure α
inst✝¹ : SigmaFinite μ
inst✝ : Measure.OuterRegular μ
ε : ℝ≥0∞
hε : ε ≠ 0
f : α → Set ℝ
s : Set α
hf : ∀ x ∈ s, ∀ δ > 0, Set.Nonempty (f x ∩ Ioo 0 δ)
⊢ ∃ t r,
    Set.Countable t ∧
      t ⊆ s ∧
        (∀ x ∈ t, r x ∈ f x) ∧ s ⊆ ⋃ x ∈ t, closedBall x (r x) ∧ ∑' (x : ↑t), ↑↑μ (closedBall (↑x) (r ↑x)) ≤ ↑↑μ s + ε

Next tactic:
obtain ⟨u, su, u_open, μu⟩ : ∃ U, U ⊇ s ∧ IsOpen U ∧ μ U ≤ μ s + ε / 2 :=
    Set.exists_isOpen_le_add _ _
      (by
        simpa only [or_false, Ne.def, ENNReal.div_eq_zero_iff, ENNReal.two_ne_top] using hε)