theorem of_restrict_scalars_finitePresentation [Algebra A B] [IsScalarTower R A B]
    (hRB : FinitePresentation.{w₁, w₃} R B) [hRA : FiniteType R A] :
    FinitePresentation.{w₂, w₃} A B := by
  classical
  obtain ⟨n, f, hf, s, hs⟩ := hRB
  letI RX := MvPolynomial (Fin n) R
  letI AX := MvPolynomial (Fin n) A
  refine' ⟨n, MvPolynomial.aeval (f ∘ X), _, _⟩
  · rw [← Algebra.range_top_iff_surjective, ← Algebra.adjoin_range_eq_range_aeval,
      Set.range_comp f MvPolynomial.X, eq_top_iff, ← @adjoin_adjoin_of_tower R A B,
      adjoin_image, adjoin_range_X, Algebra.map_top, (Algebra.range_top_iff_surjective _).mpr hf]
    exact fun {x} => subset_adjoin ⟨⟩
  · obtain ⟨t, ht⟩ := hRA.out
    have := fun i : t => hf (algebraMap A B i)
    choose t' ht' using this
    have ht'' : Algebra.adjoin R (algebraMap A AX '' t ∪ Set.range (X : _ → AX)) = ⊤ := by
      rw [adjoin_union_eq_adjoin_adjoin, ← Subalgebra.restrictScalars_top R (A := AX)
        (S := { x // x ∈ adjoin R ((algebraMap A AX) '' t) })]
      refine congrArg (Subalgebra.restrictScalars R) ?_
      congr 1
      rw [adjoin_algebraMap, ht]
      apply Subalgebra.restrictScalars_injective R
      rw [← adjoin_restrictScalars, adjoin_range_X, Subalgebra.restrictScalars_top,
        Subalgebra.restrictScalars_top]
    letI g : t → AX := fun x => MvPolynomial.C (x : A) - map (algebraMap R A) (t' x)
    refine' ⟨s.image (map (algebraMap R A)) ∪ t.attach.image g, _⟩
    rw [Finset.coe_union, Finset.coe_image, Finset.coe_image, Finset.attach_eq_univ,
      Finset.coe_univ, Set.image_univ]
    let s₀ := (MvPolynomial.map (algebraMap R A)) '' s ∪ Set.range g
    let I := RingHom.ker (MvPolynomial.aeval (R := A) (f ∘ MvPolynomial.X))
    change Ideal.span s₀ = I
    have leI : Ideal.span ((MvPolynomial.map (algebraMap R A)) '' s ∪ Set.range g) ≤
      RingHom.ker (MvPolynomial.aeval (R := A) (f ∘ MvPolynomial.X)) := by
      rw [Ideal.span_le]
      rintro _ (⟨x, hx, rfl⟩ | ⟨⟨x, hx⟩, rfl⟩) <;>
      erw [RingHom.mem_ker]
      · rw [MvPolynomial.aeval_map_algebraMap (R := R) (A := A), ← aeval_unique]
        have := Ideal.subset_span hx
        rwa [hs] at this
      · rw [map_sub, MvPolynomial.aeval_map_algebraMap, ← aeval_unique,
          MvPolynomial.aeval_C, ht', Subtype.coe_mk, sub_self]
    apply leI.antisymm
    intro x hx
    rw [RingHom.mem_ker] at hx
    let s₀ := (MvPolynomial.map (algebraMap R A)) '' ↑s ∪ Set.range g
    change x ∈ Ideal.span s₀
    have : x ∈ (MvPolynomial.map (algebraMap R A) : _ →+* AX).range.toAddSubmonoid ⊔
      (Ideal.span s₀).toAddSubmonoid := by
      have : x ∈ (⊤ : Subalgebra R AX) := trivial
      rw [← ht''] at this
      refine adjoin_induction this ?_ ?_ ?_ ?_
      · rintro _ (⟨x, hx, rfl⟩ | ⟨i, rfl⟩)
        · rw [algebraMap_eq, ← sub_add_cancel (MvPolynomial.C x)
            (map (algebraMap R A) (t' ⟨x, hx⟩)), add_comm]
          apply AddSubmonoid.add_mem_sup
          · 

Proof state:
case refine_1.inl.intro.intro.hx
R : Type w₁
A : Type w₂
B : Type w₃
inst✝⁶ : CommRing R
inst✝⁵ : CommRing A
inst✝⁴ : Algebra R A
inst✝³ : CommRing B
inst✝² : Algebra R B
inst✝¹ : Algebra A B
inst✝ : IsScalarTower R A B
hRA : FiniteType R A
n : ℕ
f : MvPolynomial (Fin n) R →ₐ[R] B
hf : Surjective ⇑f
s : Finset (MvPolynomial (Fin n) R)
hs : Ideal.span ↑s = RingHom.ker ↑f
RX : Type w₁ := MvPolynomial (Fin n) R
AX : Type w₂ := MvPolynomial (Fin n) A
t : Finset A
ht : adjoin R ↑t = ⊤
t' : { x // x ∈ t } → MvPolynomial (Fin n) R
ht' : ∀ (i : { x // x ∈ t }), f (t' i) = (algebraMap A B) ↑i
ht'' : adjoin R (⇑(algebraMap A AX) '' ↑t ∪ Set.range MvPolynomial.X) = ⊤
g : { x // x ∈ t } → AX := fun x => MvPolynomial.C ↑x - (MvPolynomial.map (algebraMap R A)) (t' x)
s₀✝ : Set (MvPolynomial (Fin n) A) := ⇑(MvPolynomial.map (algebraMap R A)) '' ↑s ∪ Set.range g
I : Ideal (MvPolynomial (Fin n) A) := RingHom.ker (MvPolynomial.aeval (⇑f ∘ MvPolynomial.X))
leI :
  Ideal.span (⇑(MvPolynomial.map (algebraMap R A)) '' ↑s ∪ Set.range g) ≤
    RingHom.ker (MvPolynomial.aeval (⇑f ∘ MvPolynomial.X))
x✝ : MvPolynomial (Fin n) A
hx✝ : (MvPolynomial.aeval (⇑f ∘ MvPolynomial.X)) x✝ = 0
s₀ : Set (MvPolynomial (Fin n) A) := ⇑(MvPolynomial.map (algebraMap R A)) '' ↑s ∪ Set.range g
this : x✝ ∈ adjoin R (⇑(algebraMap A AX) '' ↑t ∪ Set.range MvPolynomial.X)
x : A
hx : x ∈ ↑t
⊢ (MvPolynomial.map (algebraMap R A)) (t' { val := x, property := hx }) ∈
    Subsemiring.toAddSubmonoid (RingHom.range (MvPolynomial.map (algebraMap R A))).toSubsemiring

Next tactic:
exact Set.mem_range_self _