/-- Second case of the inductive step: assuming that
`∃ (s : Finset ι), s ≠ univ → s.card = (s.biUnion t).card`
and that the statement of **Hall's Marriage Theorem** is true for all
`ι'` of cardinality ≤ `n`, then it is true for `ι` of cardinality `n + 1`.
-/
theorem hall_hard_inductive_step_B {n : ℕ} (hn : Fintype.card ι = n + 1)
    (ht : ∀ s : Finset ι, s.card ≤ (s.biUnion t).card)
    (ih :
      ∀ {ι' : Type u} [Fintype ι'] (t' : ι' → Finset α),
        Fintype.card ι' ≤ n →
          (∀ s' : Finset ι', s'.card ≤ (s'.biUnion t').card) →
            ∃ f : ι' → α, Function.Injective f ∧ ∀ x, f x ∈ t' x)
    (s : Finset ι) (hs : s.Nonempty) (hns : s ≠ univ) (hus : s.card = (s.biUnion t).card) :
    ∃ f : ι → α, Function.Injective f ∧ ∀ x, f x ∈ t x := by
  haveI := Classical.decEq ι
  -- Restrict to `s`
  rw [Nat.add_one] at hn
  have card_ι'_le : Fintype.card s ≤ n := by
    apply Nat.le_of_lt_succ
    calc
      Fintype.card s = s.card := Fintype.card_coe _
      _ < Fintype.card ι := (card_lt_iff_ne_univ _).mpr hns
      _ = n.succ := hn
  let t' : s → Finset α := fun x' => t x'
  rcases ih t' card_ι'_le (hall_cond_of_restrict ht) with ⟨f', hf', hsf'⟩
  -- Restrict to `sᶜ` in the domain and `(s.biUnion t)ᶜ` in the codomain.
  set ι'' := (s : Set ι)ᶜ
  let t'' : ι'' → Finset α := fun a'' => t a'' \ s.biUnion t
  have card_ι''_le : Fintype.card ι'' ≤ n := by
    simp_rw [← Nat.lt_succ_iff, ← hn, ← Finset.coe_compl, coe_sort_coe]
    rwa [Fintype.card_coe, card_compl_lt_iff_nonempty]
  rcases ih t'' card_ι''_le (hall_cond_of_compl hus ht) with ⟨f'', hf'', hsf''⟩
  -- Put them together
  have f'_mem_biUnion : ∀ (x') (hx' : x' ∈ s), f' ⟨x', hx'⟩ ∈ s.biUnion t := by
    intro x' hx'
    rw [mem_biUnion]
    exact ⟨x', hx', hsf' _⟩
  have f''_not_mem_biUnion : ∀ (x'') (hx'' : ¬x'' ∈ s), ¬f'' ⟨x'', hx''⟩ ∈ s.biUnion t := by
    intro x'' hx''
    have h := hsf'' ⟨x'', hx''⟩
    rw [mem_sdiff] at h
    exact h.2
  have im_disj :
      ∀ (x' x'' : ι) (hx' : x' ∈ s) (hx'' : ¬x'' ∈ s), f' ⟨x', hx'⟩ ≠ f'' ⟨x'', hx''⟩ := by
    intro x x' hx' hx'' h
    apply f''_not_mem_biUnion x' hx''
    rw [← h]
    apply f'_mem_biUnion x
  

Proof state:
case intro.intro.intro.intro
ι : Type u
α : Type v
inst✝¹ : DecidableEq α
t : ι → Finset α
inst✝ : Fintype ι
n : ℕ
hn : Fintype.card ι = Nat.succ n
ht : ∀ (s : Finset ι), card s ≤ card (Finset.biUnion s t)
ih :
  ∀ {ι' : Type u} [inst : Fintype ι'] (t' : ι' → Finset α),
    Fintype.card ι' ≤ n →
      (∀ (s' : Finset ι'), card s' ≤ card (Finset.biUnion s' t')) → ∃ f, Function.Injective f ∧ ∀ (x : ι'), f x ∈ t' x
s : Finset ι
hs : Finset.Nonempty s
hns : s ≠ univ
hus : card s = card (Finset.biUnion s t)
this : DecidableEq ι
card_ι'_le : Fintype.card { x // x ∈ s } ≤ n
t' : { x // x ∈ s } → Finset α := fun x' => t ↑x'
f' : { x // x ∈ s } → α
hf' : Function.Injective f'
hsf' : ∀ (x : { x // x ∈ s }), f' x ∈ t' x
ι'' : Set ι := (↑s)ᶜ
t'' : ↑ι'' → Finset α := fun a'' => t ↑a'' \ Finset.biUnion s t
card_ι''_le : Fintype.card ↑ι'' ≤ n
f'' : ↑ι'' → α
hf'' : Function.Injective f''
hsf'' : ∀ (x : ↑ι''), f'' x ∈ t'' x
f'_mem_biUnion : ∀ (x' : ι) (hx' : x' ∈ s), f' { val := x', property := hx' } ∈ Finset.biUnion s t
f''_not_mem_biUnion : ∀ (x'' : ι) (hx'' : x'' ∉ s), f'' { val := x'', property := hx'' } ∉ Finset.biUnion s t
im_disj :
  ∀ (x' x'' : ι) (hx' : x' ∈ s) (hx'' : x'' ∉ s),
    f' { val := x', property := hx' } ≠ f'' { val := x'', property := hx'' }
⊢ ∃ f, Function.Injective f ∧ ∀ (x : ι), f x ∈ t x

Next tactic:
refine' ⟨fun x => if h : x ∈ s then f' ⟨x, h⟩ else f'' ⟨x, h⟩, _, _⟩