/-- Shows that the recurrence relation (`convergents`) and direct evaluation (`convergents'`) of the
gcf coincide at position `n` if the sequence of fractions contains strictly positive values only.
Requiring positivity of all values is just one possible condition to obtain this result.
For example, the dual - sequences with strictly negative values only - would also work.

In practice, one most commonly deals with (regular) continued fractions, which satisfy the
positivity criterion required here. The analogous result for them
(see `ContinuedFractions.convergents_eq_convergents`) hence follows directly from this theorem.
-/
theorem convergents_eq_convergents' [LinearOrderedField K]
    (s_pos : ∀ {gp : Pair K} {m : ℕ}, m < n → g.s.get? m = some gp → 0 < gp.a ∧ 0 < gp.b) :
    g.convergents n = g.convergents' n := by
  induction' n with n IH generalizing g
  case zero => simp
  case succ =>
    let g' := squashGCF g n
    -- first replace the rhs with the squashed computation
    suffices g.convergents (n + 1) = g'.convergents' n by
      rwa [succ_nth_convergent'_eq_squashGCF_nth_convergent']
    cases' Decidable.em (TerminatedAt g n) with terminated_at_n not_terminated_at_n
    · have g'_eq_g : g' = g := squashGCF_eq_self_of_terminated terminated_at_n
      rw [convergents_stable_of_terminated n.le_succ terminated_at_n, g'_eq_g, IH _]
      intro _ _ m_lt_n s_mth_eq
      exact s_pos (Nat.lt.step m_lt_n) s_mth_eq
    · suffices g.convergents (n + 1) = g'.convergents n by
        -- invoke the IH for the squashed gcf
        rwa [← IH]
        intro gp' m m_lt_n s_mth_eq'
        -- case distinction on m + 1 = n or m + 1 < n
        cases' m_lt_n with n succ_m_lt_n
        · -- the difficult case at the squashed position: we first obtain the values from
          -- the sequence
          obtain ⟨gp_succ_m, s_succ_mth_eq⟩ : ∃ gp_succ_m, g.s.get? (m + 1) = some gp_succ_m
          exact Option.ne_none_iff_exists'.mp not_terminated_at_n
          obtain ⟨gp_m, mth_s_eq⟩ : ∃ gp_m, g.s.get? m = some gp_m
          exact g.s.ge_stable m.le_succ s_succ_mth_eq
          -- we then plug them into the recurrence
          suffices 0 < gp_m.a ∧ 0 < gp_m.b + gp_succ_m.a / gp_succ_m.b by
            have ot : g'.s.get? m = some ⟨gp_m.a, gp_m.b + gp_succ_m.a / gp_succ_m.b⟩ :=
              squashSeq_nth_of_not_terminated mth_s_eq s_succ_mth_eq
            have : gp' = ⟨gp_m.a, gp_m.b + gp_succ_m.a / gp_succ_m.b⟩ := by
              simp_all only [Option.some.injEq]
            rwa [this]
          have m_lt_n : m < m.succ := Nat.lt_succ_self m
          refine' ⟨(s_pos (Nat.lt.step m_lt_n) mth_s_eq).left, _⟩
          refine' add_pos (s_pos (Nat.lt.step m_lt_n) mth_s_eq).right _
          have : 0 < gp_succ_m.a ∧ 0 < gp_succ_m.b := s_pos (lt_add_one <| m + 1) s_succ_mth_eq
          exact div_pos this.left this.right
        · -- the easy case: before the squashed position, nothing changes
          refine' s_pos (Nat.lt.step <| Nat.lt.step succ_m_lt_n) _
          exact Eq.trans (squashGCF_nth_of_lt succ_m_lt_n).symm s_mth_eq'
      -- now the result follows from the fact that the convergents coincide at the squashed position
      -- as established in `succ_nth_convergent_eq_squashGCF_nth_convergent`.
      have : ∀ ⦃b⦄, g.partialDenominators.get? n = some b → b ≠ 0 := by
        intro b nth_part_denom_eq
        obtain ⟨gp, s_nth_eq, ⟨refl⟩⟩ : ∃ gp, g.s.get? n = some gp ∧ gp.b = b
        exact exists_s_b_of_part_denom nth_part_denom_eq
        exact (ne_of_lt (s_pos (lt_add_one n) s_nth_eq).right).symm
      

Proof state:
case inr
K : Type u_1
s : Stream'.Seq (Pair K)
inst✝ : LinearOrderedField K
n : ℕ
IH :
  ∀ {g : GeneralizedContinuedFraction K},
    (∀ {gp : Pair K} {m : ℕ}, m < n → Stream'.Seq.get? g.s m = some gp → 0 < gp.a ∧ 0 < gp.b) →
      convergents g n = convergents' g n
g : GeneralizedContinuedFraction K
s_pos : ∀ {gp : Pair K} {m : ℕ}, m < Nat.succ n → Stream'.Seq.get? g.s m = some gp → 0 < gp.a ∧ 0 < gp.b
g' : GeneralizedContinuedFraction K := squashGCF g n
not_terminated_at_n : ¬TerminatedAt g n
this : ∀ ⦃b : K⦄, Stream'.Seq.get? (partialDenominators g) n = some b → b ≠ 0
⊢ convergents g (n + 1) = convergents g' n

Next tactic:
exact succ_nth_convergent_eq_squashGCF_nth_convergent @this