theorem DiscreteValuationRing.TFAE [IsNoetherianRing R] [LocalRing R] [IsDomain R]
    (h : ¬IsField R) :
    List.TFAE
      [DiscreteValuationRing R, ValuationRing R, IsDedekindDomain R,
        IsIntegrallyClosed R ∧ ∃! P : Ideal R, P ≠ ⊥ ∧ P.IsPrime, (maximalIdeal R).IsPrincipal,
        FiniteDimensional.finrank (ResidueField R) (CotangentSpace R) = 1,
        ∀ (I) (_ : I ≠ ⊥), ∃ n : ℕ, I = maximalIdeal R ^ n] := by
  have ne_bot := Ring.ne_bot_of_isMaximal_of_not_isField (maximalIdeal.isMaximal R) h
  classical
  rw [finrank_eq_one_iff']
  tfae_have 1 → 2
  · intro; infer_instance
  tfae_have 2 → 1
  · intro
    haveI := IsBezout.toGCDDomain R
    haveI : UniqueFactorizationMonoid R := ufm_of_gcd_of_wfDvdMonoid
    apply DiscreteValuationRing.of_ufd_of_unique_irreducible
    · obtain ⟨x, hx₁, hx₂⟩ := Ring.exists_not_isUnit_of_not_isField h
      obtain ⟨p, hp₁, -⟩ := WfDvdMonoid.exists_irreducible_factor hx₂ hx₁
      exact ⟨p, hp₁⟩
    · exact ValuationRing.unique_irreducible
  tfae_have 1 → 4
  · intro H
    exact ⟨inferInstance, ((DiscreteValuationRing.iff_pid_with_one_nonzero_prime R).mp H).2⟩
  tfae_have 4 → 3
  · rintro ⟨h₁, h₂⟩;
    exact { h₁ with
      maximalOfPrime := fun hI hI' => ExistsUnique.unique h₂ ⟨ne_bot, inferInstance⟩ ⟨hI, hI'⟩ ▸
        maximalIdeal.isMaximal R, }
  tfae_have 3 → 5
  · intro h; exact maximalIdeal_isPrincipal_of_isDedekindDomain R
  tfae_have 5 → 6
  · rintro ⟨x, hx⟩
    have : x ∈ maximalIdeal R := by rw [hx]; exact Submodule.subset_span (Set.mem_singleton x)
    let x' : maximalIdeal R := ⟨x, this⟩
    use Submodule.Quotient.mk x'
    constructor
    swap
    · intro e
      rw [Submodule.Quotient.mk_eq_zero] at e
      apply Ring.ne_bot_of_isMaximal_of_not_isField (maximalIdeal.isMaximal R) h
      apply Submodule.eq_bot_of_le_smul_of_le_jacobson_bot (maximalIdeal R)
      · exact ⟨{x}, (Finset.coe_singleton x).symm ▸ hx.symm⟩
      · conv_lhs => rw [hx]
        rw [Submodule.mem_smul_top_iff] at e
        rwa [Submodule.span_le, Set.singleton_subset_iff]
      · rw [LocalRing.jacobson_eq_maximalIdeal (⊥ : Ideal R) bot_ne_top]
    · refine' fun w => Quotient.inductionOn' w fun y => _
      obtain ⟨y, hy⟩ := y
      rw [hx, Submodule.mem_span_singleton] at hy
      obtain ⟨a, rfl⟩ := hy
      

Proof state:
case h.h.mk.intro
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁶ : CommRing R
K : Type u_2
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Algebra R K
inst✝³ : IsFractionRing R K
inst✝² : IsNoetherianRing R
inst✝¹ : LocalRing R
inst✝ : IsDomain R
h : ¬IsField R
ne_bot : maximalIdeal R ≠ ⊥
tfae_1_to_2 : DiscreteValuationRing R → ValuationRing R
tfae_2_to_1 : ValuationRing R → DiscreteValuationRing R
tfae_1_to_4 : DiscreteValuationRing R → IsIntegrallyClosed R ∧ ∃! P, P ≠ ⊥ ∧ Ideal.IsPrime P
tfae_4_to_3 : (IsIntegrallyClosed R ∧ ∃! P, P ≠ ⊥ ∧ Ideal.IsPrime P) → IsDedekindDomain R
tfae_3_to_5 : IsDedekindDomain R → Submodule.IsPrincipal (maximalIdeal R)
x : R
hx : maximalIdeal R = Submodule.span R {x}
this : x ∈ maximalIdeal R
x' : ↥(maximalIdeal R) := { val := x, property := this }
w : CotangentSpace R
a : R
hy : a • x ∈ maximalIdeal R
⊢ ∃ c, c • Submodule.Quotient.mk x' = Quotient.mk'' { val := a • x, property := hy }

Next tactic:
exact ⟨Ideal.Quotient.mk _ a, rfl⟩