/-- The induction step for the existence and uniqueness of the
circumcenter.  Given a nonempty set of points in a nonempty affine
subspace whose direction is complete, such that there is a unique
(circumcenter, circumradius) pair for those points in that subspace,
and a point `p` not in that subspace, there is a unique (circumcenter,
circumradius) pair for the set with `p` added, in the span of the
subspace with `p` added. -/
theorem existsUnique_dist_eq_of_insert {s : AffineSubspace ℝ P}
    [HasOrthogonalProjection s.direction] {ps : Set P} (hnps : ps.Nonempty) {p : P} (hps : ps ⊆ s)
    (hp : p ∉ s) (hu : ∃! cs : Sphere P, cs.center ∈ s ∧ ps ⊆ (cs : Set P)) :
    ∃! cs₂ : Sphere P,
      cs₂.center ∈ affineSpan ℝ (insert p (s : Set P)) ∧ insert p ps ⊆ (cs₂ : Set P) := by
  haveI : Nonempty s := Set.Nonempty.to_subtype (hnps.mono hps)
  rcases hu with ⟨⟨cc, cr⟩, ⟨hcc, hcr⟩, hcccru⟩
  simp only at hcc hcr hcccru
  let x := dist cc (orthogonalProjection s p)
  let y := dist p (orthogonalProjection s p)
  have hy0 : y ≠ 0 := dist_orthogonalProjection_ne_zero_of_not_mem hp
  let ycc₂ := (x * x + y * y - cr * cr) / (2 * y)
  let cc₂ := (ycc₂ / y) • (p -ᵥ orthogonalProjection s p : V) +ᵥ cc
  let cr₂ := Real.sqrt (cr * cr + ycc₂ * ycc₂)
  use ⟨cc₂, cr₂⟩
  simp (config := { zeta := false, proj := false }) only
  have hpo : p = (1 : ℝ) • (p -ᵥ orthogonalProjection s p : V) +ᵥ (orthogonalProjection s p : P) :=
    by simp
  constructor
  · constructor
    · refine' vadd_mem_of_mem_direction _ (mem_affineSpan ℝ (Set.mem_insert_of_mem _ hcc))
      rw [direction_affineSpan]
      exact
        Submodule.smul_mem _ _
          (vsub_mem_vectorSpan ℝ (Set.mem_insert _ _)
            (Set.mem_insert_of_mem _ (orthogonalProjection_mem _)))
    · intro p1 hp1
      rw [Sphere.mem_coe, mem_sphere, ← mul_self_inj_of_nonneg dist_nonneg (Real.sqrt_nonneg _),
        Real.mul_self_sqrt (add_nonneg (mul_self_nonneg _) (mul_self_nonneg _))]
      cases' hp1 with hp1 hp1
      · rw [hp1]
        rw [hpo,
          dist_sq_smul_orthogonal_vadd_smul_orthogonal_vadd (orthogonalProjection_mem p) hcc _ _
            (vsub_orthogonalProjection_mem_direction_orthogonal s p),
          ← dist_eq_norm_vsub V p, dist_comm _ cc]
        field_simp [hy0]
        ring
      · rw [dist_sq_eq_dist_orthogonalProjection_sq_add_dist_orthogonalProjection_sq _ (hps hp1),
          orthogonalProjection_vadd_smul_vsub_orthogonalProjection _ _ hcc, Subtype.coe_mk,
          dist_of_mem_subset_mk_sphere hp1 hcr, dist_eq_norm_vsub V cc₂ cc, vadd_vsub, norm_smul, ←
          dist_eq_norm_vsub V, Real.norm_eq_abs, abs_div, abs_of_nonneg dist_nonneg,
          div_mul_cancel _ hy0, abs_mul_abs_self]
  · rintro ⟨cc₃, cr₃⟩ ⟨hcc₃, hcr₃⟩
    simp only at hcc₃ hcr₃
    obtain ⟨t₃, cc₃', hcc₃', hcc₃''⟩ :
      ∃ (r : ℝ)(p0 : P)(_ : p0 ∈ s), cc₃ = r • (p -ᵥ ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p)) +ᵥ p0 := by
      rwa [mem_affineSpan_insert_iff (orthogonalProjection_mem p)] at hcc₃
    have hcr₃' : ∃ r, ∀ p1 ∈ ps, dist p1 cc₃ = r :=
      ⟨cr₃, fun p1 hp1 => dist_of_mem_subset_mk_sphere (Set.mem_insert_of_mem _ hp1) hcr₃⟩
    rw [exists_dist_eq_iff_exists_dist_orthogonalProjection_eq hps cc₃, hcc₃'',
      orthogonalProjection_vadd_smul_vsub_orthogonalProjection _ _ hcc₃'] at hcr₃'
    cases' hcr₃' with cr₃' hcr₃'
    have hu := hcccru ⟨cc₃', cr₃'⟩
    simp only at hu
    replace hu := hu ⟨hcc₃', hcr₃'⟩
    -- Porting note: was
    -- cases' hu with hucc hucr
    -- substs hucc hucr
    cases' hu
    have hcr₃val : cr₃ = Real.sqrt (cr * cr + t₃ * y * (t₃ * y)) := by
      cases' hnps with p0 hp0
      have h' : ↑(⟨cc, hcc₃'⟩ : s) = cc := rfl
      rw [← dist_of_mem_subset_mk_sphere (Set.mem_insert_of_mem _ hp0) hcr₃, hcc₃'', ←
        mul_self_inj_of_nonneg dist_nonneg (Real.sqrt_nonneg _),
        Real.mul_self_sqrt (add_nonneg (mul_self_nonneg _) (mul_self_nonneg _)),
        dist_sq_eq_dist_orthogonalProjection_sq_add_dist_orthogonalProjection_sq _ (hps hp0),
        orthogonalProjection_vadd_smul_vsub_orthogonalProjection _ _ hcc₃', h',
        dist_of_mem_subset_mk_sphere hp0 hcr, dist_eq_norm_vsub V _ cc, vadd_vsub, norm_smul, ←
        dist_eq_norm_vsub V p, Real.norm_eq_abs, ← mul_assoc, mul_comm _ |t₃|, ← mul_assoc,
        abs_mul_abs_self]
      ring
    replace hcr₃ := dist_of_mem_subset_mk_sphere (Set.mem_insert _ _) hcr₃
    rw [hpo, hcc₃'', hcr₃val, ← mul_self_inj_of_nonneg dist_nonneg (Real.sqrt_nonneg _),
      dist_sq_smul_orthogonal_vadd_smul_orthogonal_vadd (orthogonalProjection_mem p) hcc₃' _ _
        (vsub_orthogonalProjection_mem_direction_orthogonal s p),
      dist_comm, ← dist_eq_norm_vsub V p,
      Real.mul_self_sqrt (add_nonneg (mul_self_nonneg _) (mul_self_nonneg _))] at hcr₃
    change x * x + _ * (y * y) = _ at hcr₃
    rw [show
        x * x + (1 - t₃) * (1 - t₃) * (y * y) = x * x + y * y - 2 * y * (t₃ * y) + t₃ * y * (t₃ * y)
        by ring,
      add_left_inj] at hcr₃
    have ht₃ : t₃ = ycc₂ / y := by
      field_simp [← hcr₃, hy0]
      ring
    subst ht₃
    change cc₃ = cc₂ at hcc₃''
    congr
    rw [hcr₃val]
    congr 2
    field_simp [hy0]
    

Proof state:
case h.right.mk.intro.intro.intro.intro.intro.refl.e_radius.e_x.e_a
V : Type u_1
P : Type u_2
inst✝⁴ : NormedAddCommGroup V
inst✝³ : InnerProductSpace ℝ V
inst✝² : MetricSpace P
inst✝¹ : NormedAddTorsor V P
s : AffineSubspace ℝ P
inst✝ : HasOrthogonalProjection (direction s)
ps : Set P
hnps : Set.Nonempty ps
p : P
hps : ps ⊆ ↑s
hp : p ∉ s
this : Nonempty ↥s
cc : P
cr : ℝ
hcccru : ∀ (y : Sphere P), y.center ∈ s ∧ ps ⊆ Metric.sphere y.center y.radius → y = { center := cc, radius := cr }
hcc : cc ∈ s
hcr : ps ⊆ Metric.sphere cc cr
x : ℝ := dist cc ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p)
y : ℝ := dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p)
hy0 : y ≠ 0
ycc₂ : ℝ := (x * x + y * y - cr * cr) / (2 * y)
cc₂ : P := (ycc₂ / y) • (p -ᵥ ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p)) +ᵥ cc
cr₂ : ℝ := Real.sqrt (cr * cr + ycc₂ * ycc₂)
hpo : p = 1 • (p -ᵥ ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p)) +ᵥ ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p)
cc₃ : P
cr₃ : ℝ
hcc₃ : cc₃ ∈ affineSpan ℝ (insert p ↑s)
hcc₃' : cc ∈ s
hcr₃' : ∀ p1 ∈ ps, dist p1 ↑{ val := cc, property := hcc₃' } = cr
hcr₃val : cr₃ = Real.sqrt (cr * cr + ycc₂ / y * y * (ycc₂ / y * y))
hcr₃ : x * x + y * y - 2 * y * (ycc₂ / y * y) = cr * cr
hcc₃'' : cc₃ = cc₂
⊢ (dist cc ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) * dist cc ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) +
              dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) * dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) -
            cr * cr) *
          dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) *
        ((dist cc ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) * dist cc ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) +
              dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) * dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) -
            cr * cr) *
          dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p)) *
      (2 * dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) * (2 * dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p))) =
    (dist cc ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) * dist cc ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) +
            dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) * dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) -
          cr * cr) *
        (dist cc ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) * dist cc ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) +
            dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) * dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) -
          cr * cr) *
      (2 * dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) * dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) *
        (2 * dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p) * dist p ↑((orthogonalProjection s) p)))

Next tactic:
ring