l3lab/ntp-mathlib huggingface dataset:
/--
To show `P` is a sheaf for the binding of `U` with `B`, it suffices to show that `P` is a sheaf for
`U`, that `P` is a sheaf for each sieve in `B`, and that it is separated for any pullback of any
sieve in `B`.

This is mostly an auxiliary lemma to show `isSheafFor_trans`.
Adapted from [Elephant], Lemma C2.1.7(i) with suggestions as mentioned in
https://math.stackexchange.com/a/358709/
-/
theorem isSheafFor_bind (P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v) (U : Sieve X) (B : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄, U f → Sieve Y)
    (hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (U : Presieve X))
    (hB : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf : Presieve Y))
    (hB' : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U f) ⦃Z⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y),
      Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (((B h).pullback g) : Presieve Z)) :
    Presieve.IsSheafFor P (Sieve.bind (U : Presieve X) B : Presieve X) := by
  intro s hs
  let y : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf : Presieve Y) :=
    fun Y f hf Z g hg => s _ (Presieve.bind_comp _ _ hg)
  have hy : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).Compatible := by
    intro Y f H Y₁ Y₂ Z g₁ g₂ f₁ f₂ hf₁ hf₂ comm
    apply hs
    apply reassoc_of% comm
  

Proof state:
C : Type u
inst✝ : Category.{v, u} C
P✝ : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
X Y : C
S : Sieve X
R : Presieve X
J J₂ : GrothendieckTopology C
P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
U : Sieve X
B : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → U.arrows f → Sieve Y
hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P U.arrows
hB : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows
hB' :
  ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U.arrows f) ⦃Z : C⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y), Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (Sieve.pullback g (B h)).arrows
s : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (Sieve.bind U.arrows B).arrows
hs : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible s
y : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → (hf : U.arrows f) → Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf).arrows :=
  fun Y f hf Z g hg => s (g ≫ f) (_ : Presieve.bind (fun Y f => U.arrows f) (fun Y f H => (B H).arrows) (g ≫ f))
hy : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf)
⊢ ∃! t, Presieve.FamilyOfElements.IsAmalgamation s t

Next tactic:
let t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (U : Presieve X) :=
    fun Y f hf => (hB hf).amalgamate (y hf) (hy hf)
/--
To show `P` is a sheaf for the binding of `U` with `B`, it suffices to show that `P` is a sheaf for
`U`, that `P` is a sheaf for each sieve in `B`, and that it is separated for any pullback of any
sieve in `B`.

This is mostly an auxiliary lemma to show `isSheafFor_trans`.
Adapted from [Elephant], Lemma C2.1.7(i) with suggestions as mentioned in
https://math.stackexchange.com/a/358709/
-/
theorem isSheafFor_bind (P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v) (U : Sieve X) (B : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄, U f → Sieve Y)
    (hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (U : Presieve X))
    (hB : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf : Presieve Y))
    (hB' : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U f) ⦃Z⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y),
      Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (((B h).pullback g) : Presieve Z)) :
    Presieve.IsSheafFor P (Sieve.bind (U : Presieve X) B : Presieve X) := by
  intro s hs
  let y : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf : Presieve Y) :=
    fun Y f hf Z g hg => s _ (Presieve.bind_comp _ _ hg)
  have hy : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).Compatible := by
    intro Y f H Y₁ Y₂ Z g₁ g₂ f₁ f₂ hf₁ hf₂ comm
    apply hs
    apply reassoc_of% comm
  let t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (U : Presieve X) :=
    fun Y f hf => (hB hf).amalgamate (y hf) (hy hf)
  

Proof state:
C : Type u
inst✝ : Category.{v, u} C
P✝ : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
X Y : C
S : Sieve X
R : Presieve X
J J₂ : GrothendieckTopology C
P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
U : Sieve X
B : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → U.arrows f → Sieve Y
hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P U.arrows
hB : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows
hB' :
  ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U.arrows f) ⦃Z : C⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y), Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (Sieve.pullback g (B h)).arrows
s : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (Sieve.bind U.arrows B).arrows
hs : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible s
y : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → (hf : U.arrows f) → Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf).arrows :=
  fun Y f hf Z g hg => s (g ≫ f) (_ : Presieve.bind (fun Y f => U.arrows f) (fun Y f H => (B H).arrows) (g ≫ f))
hy : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf)
t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P U.arrows :=
  fun Y f hf =>
    Presieve.IsSheafFor.amalgamate (_ : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows) (y hf)
      (_ : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf))
⊢ ∃! t, Presieve.FamilyOfElements.IsAmalgamation s t

Next tactic:
have ht : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).IsAmalgamation (t f hf) := fun Y f hf =>
    (hB hf).isAmalgamation _
/--
To show `P` is a sheaf for the binding of `U` with `B`, it suffices to show that `P` is a sheaf for
`U`, that `P` is a sheaf for each sieve in `B`, and that it is separated for any pullback of any
sieve in `B`.

This is mostly an auxiliary lemma to show `isSheafFor_trans`.
Adapted from [Elephant], Lemma C2.1.7(i) with suggestions as mentioned in
https://math.stackexchange.com/a/358709/
-/
theorem isSheafFor_bind (P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v) (U : Sieve X) (B : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄, U f → Sieve Y)
    (hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (U : Presieve X))
    (hB : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf : Presieve Y))
    (hB' : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U f) ⦃Z⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y),
      Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (((B h).pullback g) : Presieve Z)) :
    Presieve.IsSheafFor P (Sieve.bind (U : Presieve X) B : Presieve X) := by
  intro s hs
  let y : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf : Presieve Y) :=
    fun Y f hf Z g hg => s _ (Presieve.bind_comp _ _ hg)
  have hy : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).Compatible := by
    intro Y f H Y₁ Y₂ Z g₁ g₂ f₁ f₂ hf₁ hf₂ comm
    apply hs
    apply reassoc_of% comm
  let t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (U : Presieve X) :=
    fun Y f hf => (hB hf).amalgamate (y hf) (hy hf)
  have ht : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).IsAmalgamation (t f hf) := fun Y f hf =>
    (hB hf).isAmalgamation _
  have hT : t.Compatible := by
    

Proof state:
C : Type u
inst✝ : Category.{v, u} C
P✝ : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
X Y : C
S : Sieve X
R : Presieve X
J J₂ : GrothendieckTopology C
P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
U : Sieve X
B : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → U.arrows f → Sieve Y
hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P U.arrows
hB : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows
hB' :
  ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U.arrows f) ⦃Z : C⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y), Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (Sieve.pullback g (B h)).arrows
s : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (Sieve.bind U.arrows B).arrows
hs : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible s
y : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → (hf : U.arrows f) → Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf).arrows :=
  fun Y f hf Z g hg => s (g ≫ f) (_ : Presieve.bind (fun Y f => U.arrows f) (fun Y f H => (B H).arrows) (g ≫ f))
hy : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf)
t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P U.arrows :=
  fun Y f hf =>
    Presieve.IsSheafFor.amalgamate (_ : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows) (y hf)
      (_ : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf))
ht : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.IsAmalgamation (y hf) (t f hf)
⊢ Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible t

Next tactic:
rw [Presieve.compatible_iff_sieveCompatible]
/--
To show `P` is a sheaf for the binding of `U` with `B`, it suffices to show that `P` is a sheaf for
`U`, that `P` is a sheaf for each sieve in `B`, and that it is separated for any pullback of any
sieve in `B`.

This is mostly an auxiliary lemma to show `isSheafFor_trans`.
Adapted from [Elephant], Lemma C2.1.7(i) with suggestions as mentioned in
https://math.stackexchange.com/a/358709/
-/
theorem isSheafFor_bind (P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v) (U : Sieve X) (B : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄, U f → Sieve Y)
    (hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (U : Presieve X))
    (hB : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf : Presieve Y))
    (hB' : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U f) ⦃Z⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y),
      Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (((B h).pullback g) : Presieve Z)) :
    Presieve.IsSheafFor P (Sieve.bind (U : Presieve X) B : Presieve X) := by
  intro s hs
  let y : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf : Presieve Y) :=
    fun Y f hf Z g hg => s _ (Presieve.bind_comp _ _ hg)
  have hy : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).Compatible := by
    intro Y f H Y₁ Y₂ Z g₁ g₂ f₁ f₂ hf₁ hf₂ comm
    apply hs
    apply reassoc_of% comm
  let t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (U : Presieve X) :=
    fun Y f hf => (hB hf).amalgamate (y hf) (hy hf)
  have ht : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).IsAmalgamation (t f hf) := fun Y f hf =>
    (hB hf).isAmalgamation _
  have hT : t.Compatible := by
    rw [Presieve.compatible_iff_sieveCompatible]
    

Proof state:
C : Type u
inst✝ : Category.{v, u} C
P✝ : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
X Y : C
S : Sieve X
R : Presieve X
J J₂ : GrothendieckTopology C
P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
U : Sieve X
B : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → U.arrows f → Sieve Y
hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P U.arrows
hB : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows
hB' :
  ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U.arrows f) ⦃Z : C⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y), Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (Sieve.pullback g (B h)).arrows
s : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (Sieve.bind U.arrows B).arrows
hs : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible s
y : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → (hf : U.arrows f) → Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf).arrows :=
  fun Y f hf Z g hg => s (g ≫ f) (_ : Presieve.bind (fun Y f => U.arrows f) (fun Y f H => (B H).arrows) (g ≫ f))
hy : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf)
t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P U.arrows :=
  fun Y f hf =>
    Presieve.IsSheafFor.amalgamate (_ : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows) (y hf)
      (_ : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf))
ht : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.IsAmalgamation (y hf) (t f hf)
⊢ Presieve.FamilyOfElements.SieveCompatible t

Next tactic:
intro Z W f h hf
/--
To show `P` is a sheaf for the binding of `U` with `B`, it suffices to show that `P` is a sheaf for
`U`, that `P` is a sheaf for each sieve in `B`, and that it is separated for any pullback of any
sieve in `B`.

This is mostly an auxiliary lemma to show `isSheafFor_trans`.
Adapted from [Elephant], Lemma C2.1.7(i) with suggestions as mentioned in
https://math.stackexchange.com/a/358709/
-/
theorem isSheafFor_bind (P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v) (U : Sieve X) (B : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄, U f → Sieve Y)
    (hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (U : Presieve X))
    (hB : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf : Presieve Y))
    (hB' : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U f) ⦃Z⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y),
      Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (((B h).pullback g) : Presieve Z)) :
    Presieve.IsSheafFor P (Sieve.bind (U : Presieve X) B : Presieve X) := by
  intro s hs
  let y : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf : Presieve Y) :=
    fun Y f hf Z g hg => s _ (Presieve.bind_comp _ _ hg)
  have hy : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).Compatible := by
    intro Y f H Y₁ Y₂ Z g₁ g₂ f₁ f₂ hf₁ hf₂ comm
    apply hs
    apply reassoc_of% comm
  let t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (U : Presieve X) :=
    fun Y f hf => (hB hf).amalgamate (y hf) (hy hf)
  have ht : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).IsAmalgamation (t f hf) := fun Y f hf =>
    (hB hf).isAmalgamation _
  have hT : t.Compatible := by
    rw [Presieve.compatible_iff_sieveCompatible]
    intro Z W f h hf
    

Proof state:
C : Type u
inst✝ : Category.{v, u} C
P✝ : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
X Y : C
S : Sieve X
R : Presieve X
J J₂ : GrothendieckTopology C
P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
U : Sieve X
B : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → U.arrows f → Sieve Y
hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P U.arrows
hB : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows
hB' :
  ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U.arrows f) ⦃Z : C⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y), Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (Sieve.pullback g (B h)).arrows
s : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (Sieve.bind U.arrows B).arrows
hs : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible s
y : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → (hf : U.arrows f) → Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf).arrows :=
  fun Y f hf Z g hg => s (g ≫ f) (_ : Presieve.bind (fun Y f => U.arrows f) (fun Y f H => (B H).arrows) (g ≫ f))
hy : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf)
t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P U.arrows :=
  fun Y f hf =>
    Presieve.IsSheafFor.amalgamate (_ : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows) (y hf)
      (_ : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf))
ht : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.IsAmalgamation (y hf) (t f hf)
Z W : C
f : Z ⟶ X
h : W ⟶ Z
hf : U.arrows f
⊢ t (h ≫ f) (_ : U.arrows (h ≫ f)) = P.map h.op (t f hf)

Next tactic:
apply (hB (U.downward_closed hf h)).isSeparatedFor.ext
/--
To show `P` is a sheaf for the binding of `U` with `B`, it suffices to show that `P` is a sheaf for
`U`, that `P` is a sheaf for each sieve in `B`, and that it is separated for any pullback of any
sieve in `B`.

This is mostly an auxiliary lemma to show `isSheafFor_trans`.
Adapted from [Elephant], Lemma C2.1.7(i) with suggestions as mentioned in
https://math.stackexchange.com/a/358709/
-/
theorem isSheafFor_bind (P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v) (U : Sieve X) (B : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄, U f → Sieve Y)
    (hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (U : Presieve X))
    (hB : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf : Presieve Y))
    (hB' : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U f) ⦃Z⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y),
      Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (((B h).pullback g) : Presieve Z)) :
    Presieve.IsSheafFor P (Sieve.bind (U : Presieve X) B : Presieve X) := by
  intro s hs
  let y : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf : Presieve Y) :=
    fun Y f hf Z g hg => s _ (Presieve.bind_comp _ _ hg)
  have hy : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).Compatible := by
    intro Y f H Y₁ Y₂ Z g₁ g₂ f₁ f₂ hf₁ hf₂ comm
    apply hs
    apply reassoc_of% comm
  let t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (U : Presieve X) :=
    fun Y f hf => (hB hf).amalgamate (y hf) (hy hf)
  have ht : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).IsAmalgamation (t f hf) := fun Y f hf =>
    (hB hf).isAmalgamation _
  have hT : t.Compatible := by
    rw [Presieve.compatible_iff_sieveCompatible]
    intro Z W f h hf
    apply (hB (U.downward_closed hf h)).isSeparatedFor.ext
    

Proof state:
C : Type u
inst✝ : Category.{v, u} C
P✝ : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
X Y : C
S : Sieve X
R : Presieve X
J J₂ : GrothendieckTopology C
P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
U : Sieve X
B : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → U.arrows f → Sieve Y
hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P U.arrows
hB : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows
hB' :
  ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U.arrows f) ⦃Z : C⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y), Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (Sieve.pullback g (B h)).arrows
s : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (Sieve.bind U.arrows B).arrows
hs : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible s
y : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → (hf : U.arrows f) → Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf).arrows :=
  fun Y f hf Z g hg => s (g ≫ f) (_ : Presieve.bind (fun Y f => U.arrows f) (fun Y f H => (B H).arrows) (g ≫ f))
hy : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf)
t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P U.arrows :=
  fun Y f hf =>
    Presieve.IsSheafFor.amalgamate (_ : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows) (y hf)
      (_ : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf))
ht : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.IsAmalgamation (y hf) (t f hf)
Z W : C
f : Z ⟶ X
h : W ⟶ Z
hf : U.arrows f
⊢ ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f_1 : Y ⟶ W⦄,
    (B (_ : U.arrows (h ≫ f))).arrows f_1 →
      P.map f_1.op (t (h ≫ f) (_ : U.arrows (h ≫ f))) = P.map f_1.op (P.map h.op (t f hf))

Next tactic:
intro Y l hl
/--
To show `P` is a sheaf for the binding of `U` with `B`, it suffices to show that `P` is a sheaf for
`U`, that `P` is a sheaf for each sieve in `B`, and that it is separated for any pullback of any
sieve in `B`.

This is mostly an auxiliary lemma to show `isSheafFor_trans`.
Adapted from [Elephant], Lemma C2.1.7(i) with suggestions as mentioned in
https://math.stackexchange.com/a/358709/
-/
theorem isSheafFor_bind (P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v) (U : Sieve X) (B : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄, U f → Sieve Y)
    (hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (U : Presieve X))
    (hB : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf : Presieve Y))
    (hB' : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U f) ⦃Z⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y),
      Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (((B h).pullback g) : Presieve Z)) :
    Presieve.IsSheafFor P (Sieve.bind (U : Presieve X) B : Presieve X) := by
  intro s hs
  let y : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf : Presieve Y) :=
    fun Y f hf Z g hg => s _ (Presieve.bind_comp _ _ hg)
  have hy : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).Compatible := by
    intro Y f H Y₁ Y₂ Z g₁ g₂ f₁ f₂ hf₁ hf₂ comm
    apply hs
    apply reassoc_of% comm
  let t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (U : Presieve X) :=
    fun Y f hf => (hB hf).amalgamate (y hf) (hy hf)
  have ht : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).IsAmalgamation (t f hf) := fun Y f hf =>
    (hB hf).isAmalgamation _
  have hT : t.Compatible := by
    rw [Presieve.compatible_iff_sieveCompatible]
    intro Z W f h hf
    apply (hB (U.downward_closed hf h)).isSeparatedFor.ext
    intro Y l hl
    

Proof state:
C : Type u
inst✝ : Category.{v, u} C
P✝ : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
X Y✝ : C
S : Sieve X
R : Presieve X
J J₂ : GrothendieckTopology C
P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
U : Sieve X
B : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → U.arrows f → Sieve Y
hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P U.arrows
hB : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows
hB' :
  ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U.arrows f) ⦃Z : C⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y), Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (Sieve.pullback g (B h)).arrows
s : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (Sieve.bind U.arrows B).arrows
hs : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible s
y : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → (hf : U.arrows f) → Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf).arrows :=
  fun Y f hf Z g hg => s (g ≫ f) (_ : Presieve.bind (fun Y f => U.arrows f) (fun Y f H => (B H).arrows) (g ≫ f))
hy : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf)
t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P U.arrows :=
  fun Y f hf =>
    Presieve.IsSheafFor.amalgamate (_ : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows) (y hf)
      (_ : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf))
ht : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.IsAmalgamation (y hf) (t f hf)
Z W : C
f : Z ⟶ X
h : W ⟶ Z
hf : U.arrows f
Y : C
l : Y ⟶ W
hl : (B (_ : U.arrows (h ≫ f))).arrows l
⊢ P.map l.op (t (h ≫ f) (_ : U.arrows (h ≫ f))) = P.map l.op (P.map h.op (t f hf))

Next tactic:
apply (hB' hf (l ≫ h)).ext
/--
To show `P` is a sheaf for the binding of `U` with `B`, it suffices to show that `P` is a sheaf for
`U`, that `P` is a sheaf for each sieve in `B`, and that it is separated for any pullback of any
sieve in `B`.

This is mostly an auxiliary lemma to show `isSheafFor_trans`.
Adapted from [Elephant], Lemma C2.1.7(i) with suggestions as mentioned in
https://math.stackexchange.com/a/358709/
-/
theorem isSheafFor_bind (P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v) (U : Sieve X) (B : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄, U f → Sieve Y)
    (hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (U : Presieve X))
    (hB : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf : Presieve Y))
    (hB' : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U f) ⦃Z⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y),
      Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (((B h).pullback g) : Presieve Z)) :
    Presieve.IsSheafFor P (Sieve.bind (U : Presieve X) B : Presieve X) := by
  intro s hs
  let y : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf : Presieve Y) :=
    fun Y f hf Z g hg => s _ (Presieve.bind_comp _ _ hg)
  have hy : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).Compatible := by
    intro Y f H Y₁ Y₂ Z g₁ g₂ f₁ f₂ hf₁ hf₂ comm
    apply hs
    apply reassoc_of% comm
  let t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (U : Presieve X) :=
    fun Y f hf => (hB hf).amalgamate (y hf) (hy hf)
  have ht : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U f), (y hf).IsAmalgamation (t f hf) := fun Y f hf =>
    (hB hf).isAmalgamation _
  have hT : t.Compatible := by
    rw [Presieve.compatible_iff_sieveCompatible]
    intro Z W f h hf
    apply (hB (U.downward_closed hf h)).isSeparatedFor.ext
    intro Y l hl
    apply (hB' hf (l ≫ h)).ext
    

Proof state:
C : Type u
inst✝ : Category.{v, u} C
P✝ : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
X Y✝ : C
S : Sieve X
R : Presieve X
J J₂ : GrothendieckTopology C
P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
U : Sieve X
B : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → U.arrows f → Sieve Y
hU : Presieve.IsSheafFor P U.arrows
hB : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows
hB' :
  ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (h : U.arrows f) ⦃Z : C⦄ (g : Z ⟶ Y), Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (Sieve.pullback g (B h)).arrows
s : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (Sieve.bind U.arrows B).arrows
hs : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible s
y : ⦃Y : C⦄ → ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ → (hf : U.arrows f) → Presieve.FamilyOfElements P (B hf).arrows :=
  fun Y f hf Z g hg => s (g ≫ f) (_ : Presieve.bind (fun Y f => U.arrows f) (fun Y f H => (B H).arrows) (g ≫ f))
hy : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf)
t : Presieve.FamilyOfElements P U.arrows :=
  fun Y f hf =>
    Presieve.IsSheafFor.amalgamate (_ : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (B hf).arrows) (y hf)
      (_ : Presieve.FamilyOfElements.Compatible (y hf))
ht : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (hf : U.arrows f), Presieve.FamilyOfElements.IsAmalgamation (y hf) (t f hf)
Z W : C
f : Z ⟶ X
h : W ⟶ Z
hf : U.arrows f
Y : C
l : Y ⟶ W
hl : (B (_ : U.arrows (h ≫ f))).arrows l
⊢ ∀ ⦃Y_1 : C⦄ ⦃f_1 : Y_1 ⟶ Y⦄,
    (Sieve.pullback (l ≫ h) (B hf)).arrows f_1 →
      P.map f_1.op (P.map l.op (t (h ≫ f) (_ : U.arrows (h ≫ f)))) = P.map f_1.op (P.map l.op (P.map h.op (t f hf)))

Next tactic:
intro M m hm
/-- Given two sieves `R` and `S`, to show that `P` is a sheaf for `S`, we can show:
* `P` is a sheaf for `R`
* `P` is a sheaf for the pullback of `S` along any arrow in `R`
* `P` is separated for the pullback of `R` along any arrow in `S`.

This is mostly an auxiliary lemma to construct `finestTopology`.
Adapted from [Elephant], Lemma C2.1.7(ii) with suggestions as mentioned in
https://math.stackexchange.com/a/358709
-/
theorem isSheafFor_trans (P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v) (R S : Sieve X)
    (hR : Presieve.IsSheafFor P (R : Presieve X))
    (hR' : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (_ : S f), Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (R.pullback f : Presieve Y))
    (hS : ∀ ⦃Y⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄ (_ : R f), Presieve.IsSheafFor P (S.pullback f : Presieve Y)) :
    Presieve.IsSheafFor P (S : Presieve X) := by
  

Proof state:
C : Type u
inst✝ : Category.{v, u} C
P✝ : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
X Y : C
S✝ : Sieve X
R✝ : Presieve X
J J₂ : GrothendieckTopology C
P : Cᵒᵖ ⥤ Type v
R S : Sieve X
hR : Presieve.IsSheafFor P R.arrows
hR' : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄, S.arrows f → Presieve.IsSeparatedFor P (Sieve.pullback f R).arrows
hS : ∀ ⦃Y : C⦄ ⦃f : Y ⟶ X⦄, R.arrows f → Presieve.IsSheafFor P (Sieve.pullback f S).arrows
⊢ Presieve.IsSheafFor P S.arrows

Next tactic:
have : (bind R fun Y f _ => S.pullback f : Presieve X) ≤ S := by
    rintro Z f ⟨W, f, g, hg, hf : S _, rfl⟩
    apply hf