/-- We now prove that `Mat_ C` has finite biproducts.

Be warned, however, that `Mat_ C` is not necessarily Krull-Schmidt,
and so the internal indexing of a biproduct may have nothing to do with the external indexing,
even though the construction we give uses a sigma type.
See however `isoBiproductEmbedding`.
-/
instance hasFiniteBiproducts : HasFiniteBiproducts (Mat_ C) where
  out n :=
    { has_biproduct := fun f =>
        hasBiproduct_of_total
          { pt := ⟨Σ j, (f j).ι, fun p => (f p.1).X p.2⟩
            π := fun j x y => by
              refine' if h : x.1 = j then _ else 0
              refine' if h' : @Eq.ndrec (Fin n) x.1 (fun j => (f j).ι) x.2 _ h = y then _ else 0
              apply eqToHom
              substs h h'
              rfl
            -- Notice we were careful not to use `subst` until we had a goal in `Prop`.
            ι := fun j x y => by
              refine' if h : y.1 = j then _ else 0
              refine' if h' : @Eq.ndrec _ y.1 (fun j => (f j).ι) y.2 _ h = x then _ else 0
              apply eqToHom
              substs h h'
              rfl
            ι_π := fun j j' => by
              ext x y
              dsimp
              simp_rw [dite_comp, comp_dite]
              simp only [ite_self, dite_eq_ite, dif_ctx_congr, Limits.comp_zero, Limits.zero_comp,
                eqToHom_trans, Finset.sum_congr]
              erw [Finset.sum_sigma]
              dsimp
              simp only [if_congr, if_true, dif_ctx_congr, Finset.sum_dite_irrel, Finset.mem_univ,
                Finset.sum_const_zero, Finset.sum_congr, Finset.sum_dite_eq']
              split_ifs with h h'
              · substs h h'
                simp only [CategoryTheory.eqToHom_refl, CategoryTheory.Mat_.id_apply_self]
              · subst h
                rw [eqToHom_refl, id_apply_of_ne _ _ _ h']
              · rfl }
          (by
            dsimp
            ext1 ⟨i, j⟩
            rintro ⟨i', j'⟩
            rw [Finset.sum_apply, Finset.sum_apply]
            dsimp
            rw [Finset.sum_eq_single i]; rotate_left
            · intro b _ hb
              apply Finset.sum_eq_zero
              intro x _
              rw [dif_neg hb.symm, zero_comp]
            · intro hi
              simp at hi
            rw [Finset.sum_eq_single j]; rotate_left
            · intro b _ hb
              rw [dif_pos rfl, dif_neg, zero_comp]
              simp only
              tauto
            · intro hj
              simp at hj
            simp only [eqToHom_refl, dite_eq_ite, ite_true, Category.id_comp, ne_eq,
              Sigma.mk.inj_iff, not_and, id_def]
            by_cases h : i' = i
            · subst h
              

Proof state:
case pos
C : Type u₁
inst✝¹ : Category.{v₁, u₁} C
inst✝ : Preadditive C
n : ℕ
f : Fin n → Mat_ C
i' : Fin n
j' j : (f i').ι
⊢ (if h : i' = i' then if h' : h ▸ j' = j then eqToHom (_ : X (f i') j = X (f i') j') else 0 else 0) =
    if h : i' = i' ∧ HEq j j' then
      eqToHom
        (_ :
          X (mk ((j : Fin n) × (f j).ι) fun p => X (f p.fst) p.snd) { fst := i', snd := j } =
            X (mk ((j : Fin n) × (f j).ι) fun p => X (f p.fst) p.snd) { fst := i', snd := j' })
    else 0

Next tactic:
rw [dif_pos rfl]