ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: police-brutality

According to recent studies, since 2015 police have killed almost two African Americans each week, resulting in one hundred and two unarmed deaths. However, at least three times as more whites have died due to law enforcement in the last two years (Richardson 2015). The only difference is that minority deaths are more focused on by the media. The media is simply fueling the “#BlackLivesMatter” movement by doing this and creating more violence between the police and African Americans. When a white person or Hispanic person are killed by police there is no news report or any public record, however when an African American is killed there is a news update on the situation every time the news comes on. This violent tension is not a new concept. The only difference between the brutality now and the brutality that was faced before is the use of digital cameras to capture the violence in real time. Once violence is recorded, the video is uploaded online through their memorable hashtag “#BlackLivesMatter”.
Topic: police-brutality

People ranging from Gilbert Collar, a white man, to Eric Garner, an African American, were wrongfully killed by the police however, these officials have not been indicted, just put on suspension. Just last week an African American man named Philando Castile was shot unreasonably by a police officer who stopped him for a broken headlight the day after another African American man named Alton Sterling was shot and killed by police. This fueled the “#BlackLivesMatter” movement even more when the two tragedies led to the fatal shootings of five officers in Dallas and major protests of about two hundred people on Interstate 94 (Helsel, Fieldstadt, Grimson, The Associated Press 2016).
Topic: police-brutality

Taking this into a different perspective, just last week five law enforcement officials were killed and about nine other officials were wounded in Dallas, Texas. This year, twenty-six police officers have been killed by African Americans while doing their job as compared to the eighteen that were killed in 2015 (Evans 2016). As the years pass, more and more police officers are killed while on the job due to the ongoing race wars with African Americans. Black Americans kill more African Americans than officers do but there is no outrage or outcry when it is by someone of their own race.  Even though African Americans claim that they are supportive of Cullors, Garza, and Tometi’s movement, other African Americans are skeptical of the reasons that they agree with the movement. An African American officer, Stalien, posted on Facebook after the killings of other police officials, “Black Lives do not matter to most black people…Only the lives that are taken at the hands of cops or white people, matter”. Stalien claims that blacks are not mistreated or unfairly penalized by police officials (Trending 2016). Statistics show that in places like Baltimore, more African American citizens are targeted and arrested. However, in cities where the majority of citizens are African American, it is obvious that they are targeted more and arrested more often. Studies being conducted that show that African Americans are targeted and penalized more according to their demographic region are biased and unreliable. Police officers are meant to maintain public safety and societal stability, not to be targeted and killed by African American protestors for doing their jobs.
Topic: police-brutality

Although this is an issue that will never be resolved or be put to an end, there are ways that this brutality and violence can be made less prevalent. The most common form of reconcile the United States has given people who they have done wrong is by cash reparations. These reparations were given to the Native Americans for forcing them out of their land in the nineteenth century and to the Japanese Americans after they were put in internment camps during World War 2. However, this issue has escalated to an extreme that it does not require any form of reconcilement at this extent. If monetary reparations are given to the African Americans whom have lost a family member in this race war, then the families of the police officers who have been killed must also be given reparations for their loss. This may lead to even greater extent of violence as those in the “#BlackLivesMatter” movement may escalate their brutal actions, in turn, forcing police officials to escalate their power and authority, only leading to more deaths and protests. The key to at least reducing the violence and killings of both groups is to hire officials who are at a more mature age who aren’t going to shoot first and ask questions later. The officials who have been hired lately are all young men and women who are in their twenties and thirties. If the department were to hire more mature, older people then the killing of innocent men and women would be put to an end. As for the African Americans, they must stop murdering innocent officers who have no relation to any killings or wrongdoings toward those of their race. Last week, the five officers killed had no affiliation to the crimes committed against African Americans yet, they were still targeted and killed. Innocent police officials simply doing their jobs are being killed daily while trying to protect public safety. The reason that older men and women aren’t applying to be a law enforcement official is because they know that they would be putting themselves in danger due to the African American’s movement. It would be ludicrous to apply for a job that entails risking your life knowing that the societal situation has come to an extreme racial war between African Americans and law enforcement officials.
Topic: police-brutality

Researchers at the Pew Research Center have found that racial disparities caused by African Americans are due to gaps in education, wealth, and broken family structure (Ross 2015). About seventy-two percent of African Americans are raised in broken homes with missing parental figures and feel they have no one to look up to. In turn, African American children turn to the streets for validation. In order to get African Americans to feel safer and more validated, the achievement gap must close. This means that the gap in education and employment must be closed in order to promote less violence (National Education Institute). Teachers must begin to set attainable goals for these students to prosper and break the cycle of brutality. The cycle of hatred that they are born into must be diminished as well. Slavery ended over one hundred and sixty years ago and African Americans are continuously bringing up the issue that they were once enslaved. However, they themselves were never part of the slave system because this was over a century ago. Jewish people were terrorized for years by being placed in concentration camps where they were forced to be slaves and died slow and painful deaths. They were made to be objects when they had numbers painfully tattooed to their arms and stripped of their dignity. Though they were starved, beaten, and chained, they have broken their cycle of hatred. If this cycle is not broken, then African Americans will never prosper in their socioeconomic groups because they will still be dwelling in the past. Without excelling in their groups the violence and brutally will never be diminished or put to an end.
Topic: police-brutality

Racism and police brutality have been largely discussed by the public in recent years. Through my research on racism and police brutality in the U.S. I found two reliable sources through the use of Google Scholar. The first, “Racial Profiling and Use of Force in Police Stops: How Local Events Trigger Periods of Increased Discrimination” from Yale University, was written by Joscha Legewie. This journal focused on the rise in police brutality following acts of extreme violence by examining data from police traffic stops.
Topic: police-brutality

The author conducts a series of data analyses to prove that police become more violent and discriminatory after an event of substantial violence. After one of these events, like a riot for example, the pattern of police stops, searches, arrests, and their use of force were observed. One of the experiments was conducted using the data from 3.9 million timed and geocoded stops of pedestrians in New York City, and they were tracked before and after brutal events (Legewie 380).
Topic: police-brutality

Robert E. Worden wrote, “The ‘Causes’ of Police Brutality: Theory and Evidence on Police Use of Force” to explore the variety of reasons that drive police brutality. One of Worden’s main claims is that non-white suspects are more likely to experience an arrest. Based on his sociological theory, “Police behavior is influenced by social dynamics of police-citizen encounters” (Worden 150). This study established that non-white suspects were more likely to be arrested. After taking an in depth look at police reports, black suspects were reported to be more disrespectful than any other demographic. The statistics also confirmed that minorities are overrepresented among police shooting victims.
Topic: police-brutality

The sources chosen for the research on racial profiling were found using Google Scholar. In finding proper sources, credibility is critical in finding reliability. The first source is a journal produced by Yale University, a highly respected university. The author, Joscha Legewie has been an assistant professor in the sociology department at Yale, Harvard, and became a professor at Columbia University after obtaining his Ph.D., with years of experience in sociology. Although, bias can be found in is argument in the sense of confirmation. Other statistics have shown that no race is more subject than others to police violence, but this can also be affected by the place the study is conducted. The second source, written by Robert E. Worden is found to be credible due to his Ph.D. in Political science, and his teachings at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. This source was also from a textbook used in college criminal justice classes, and approved by professors amongst these colleges. Bias can be found in his work because of the numerous approaches he took to prove his argument. His sociological theory proved the racial profiling, but psychological could only prove the general brutality, that was not in relation to race. Both of the authors presented their arguments ethically, by analyzing their observations specifically, rather than only confirming their own opinion.
Topic: police-brutality

During the 1960s, there where significant events that marked American history. One of the most significant events was the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Civil Rights Act is a set of laws that banned discrimination in the workplace regardless of race, religion, color, national origin, or sex. This act cause anger among the white Americans. They were angry because now the minority had the same rights and opportunities as the white Americans. With all the anger in the air huge riots started to happen.
Topic: police-brutality

The Detroit Riot of 1967 was one of the most violent and destructive riots in United States history. What started this riot was when police raided an illicit after-hours club serving alcohol and arrested all those present. Most of the arrest where African American. After this everything let loose. There was a total of 43 dead, over 7,000 people were arrested, and over 1,000 buildings were burned down.
Topic: police-brutality

The president Lyndon B. Johnson attempted to end the riot by sending U.S. National Guard and U.S. Army. In my opinion everything could have been handled differently from the start. From my point of view and from what I read, the police men knew what they were going to do and they should had prepared ahead of time. This was not there first rodeo. They should have taken better precautions after las riot that occurred in 1965, The Watts Riot.
Topic: police-brutality

According to statistics, police brutality could happen anywhere. The state that has had more shooting up to this date is California, a total of 98 shootings. Overall, there has been a total of 857 people shot and killed by police in 2018. On average, a police officer takes the life of a citizen every seven hours in the United States. Like I said before, the code of honor that police have has not helped one bit. The most shocking statistic that I found was 52% of police officers report that it is not unusual for law enforcement officials to turn a blind eye to the improper conduct of other officers.
Topic: police-brutality

One recent case of police brutality was in Arizona on September 2018. A 38-year old women, identified as Renne Armenta, was assaulted after being forcibly removed out of her vehicle by a police officer of The Goodyear Police Department. According to the police officer, his reason behind his actions was that when he told Armenta she was being arrested for a suspended driver’s license, she tried to run away. A part of the statement that the Goodyear Police Department gave stated “We are working to review body cam footage and conducting interviews to determine exactly what occurred. Once our investigation is complete and all the facts are in, we will be better able to provide accurate information as to the details of this arrest. According to court documents, marijuana and a smoking pipe were found in Armenta’s purse. At the end of the day, the police officer had no right to abuse of his power in such manner. He did not have to assault the victim and drag her just to get her in handcuffs. As of today, nothing has been done.
Topic: police-brutality

With all this people suffering, how do the police officers get punished? The police officer who gets accused of police brutality are assigned to desk duty and have their gun taken away. The police officer will also face internal affairs investigation with in his or her life and personality. The accusation, even if its false, well stay in the officer’s record. When it comes to the police department, the police commissioner and the officer’s direct supervisor will most likely be held responsible for the officer’s behavior and might even resign. The craziest thing about this is from an accusation of police brutality, the department will suffer and when they need help from the public for an investigation, the public will turn their back to the police department. The public trust for the police will go down. So, in my opinion, there actions are only hurting themselves and the people they work for. They are ruining their own reputation.
Topic: police-brutality

Another case that got to me was about a twelve-year-old little girl, Dymond Milburn. According to the HoustonPress, the little girl went outside a little past eight at night just to turn on a switch when three officers jumped out of a blue van screaming “You’re a prostitute. You’re coming with me.” Couldn’t the see she was only a little girl? In my opinion they knew exactly what they were doing. The reason why the Galveston police officers where there was because they were called to the area regarding three white prostitutes soliciting a white man and a black drug dealer. A police officer should have the enough training and common sense to know the difference between a twelve-year-old and a grown white prostitute. The police officer’s allegation for their action was that they though she was a hooker just because she was wearing tight shorts, keeping in mind this happen in 2006. The officers beat up the little girl so bad that she was hospitalized for black eyes and throat and ear-drum injuries. This is nonsense! Three grown man couldn’t contain a twelve-year-old girl that they have to put her through such trauma. The officers knew they were on the wrong so they tried to cover their own tracks by saying she assaulted one of the officers. She was later arrested in school but everything ended in a mistrial. What happen to those three police men? With my research I could not find a clear answer but I believe nothing happen to them. Every article focused on the victim and the overall situation, they leave it as a mistrial.
Topic: police-brutality

There is no escape when it comes to this. Russia is no stranger to police brutality. As of matter of fact, Russia has truly severe cases. There was even a case where a Finnish police officer was charged with smashing a man’s face into asphalt. It would not be surprising to find out that nothing happened to the police officer. This isn’t surprising considering the statistics for Russia. Almost one in four Russians say they have seen police brutality first hand. Keeping this in mind, 28.6% of people have heard cases from family and friends, shocking. 12.3% of Russians have reported of being actual victims of police brutality.
Topic: police-brutality

Everything can be avoided if the police would have better trainings. I understand that we are all human beings but not everyone if physically and mentally fit for this type of career. A police officer must be compassionate, capable of thinking critically, not easily offended or excited but most importantly being capable of using restraining or using force while not being convicted of police brutality. The best way of training is to start with the right people. According to some training experts, recruitment is key. The recruiters most have life experience and people skills so they are able to relate with people from all different backgrounds. “When someone has been in danger, whether it be a fight or a car accident, he or she tends to learn to see the danger approaching and find ways to prevent it from happening or react to it” (Griffith 2015). According to the Washington post, for the past 6 years all recruiters from Washington state had created a new training that would produce “guardians of democracy” who serve and protect instead of “warriors” who conquer and control.
Topic: police-brutality

The minority in communities has been associated with violence by the law enforcement in the United States for many decades. Police brutality has been seen as an issue for many years, and it will remain a major concern for those in the minority throughout communities. In history, racist violence, also known as police brutality, was used to withhold the African American community and to preserve power and privileges for the white race. The idea of police brutality has been around since the 1800s, along with the controversy that comes along with it.
Topic: police-brutality

Police brutality has been a hot topic in more recent years, with related cases popping up in the news regularly. The practice of police brutality has a strong effect on the American population and the African American community. The presence of police brutality is becoming more distinguished as society grows; police brutality is an ongoing concern and creates problems in the United States. This essay will cover what police brutality is, the impact of police brutality on communities, different victims stories, the most impacted areas that police brutality occurs the most and why.
Topic: police-brutality

This happens when a law enforcement officer targets a citizen based on race, rather than age or gender, for suspicion of a crime. A study from the Los Angeles Police Department found that minority groups who felt as if they have been racially profiled by police in the past continued to fear and lack trust in the law enforcement. When people become afraid of law enforcement, citizens become less likely to rely on them for protection. The phrase ‘walking while black’ is a word play similar to ‘drinking while intoxicated.’ The phrase explains that some black people are treated as though one is breaking a law by just walking outside. This is one example of racial profiling and discrimination.
Topic: police-brutality

The impact of police brutality can vary depending on the situation but a typical impact is PTSD. Victims and their family can suffer from things like panic attacks, depression, substance abuse or generate suicidal thoughts. This does not mean a victim of police brutality will automatically develop PTSD but they have a better chance of it developing. Some cases of police brutality have received media attention and can even start movements. Three black activists established a social movement called Black Lives Matter. It started with a simple hashtag on Facebook, #blacklivesmatter. A Tumblr and Twitter account were created shortly after as a way for people to share their unheard experiences and stories to the public. The words ‘Black Lives Matter’ was used as a slogan on signs for protests and at marches.
Topic: police-brutality

Activists started organizing meetings, parades, and protests to raise awareness of the issue. “The movement goal was to encourage peaceful dialogue and loving engagement” (Anzilotti). The movement, Black Lives Matter, campaigns for black lives, against violence and racism. Black Lives Matter is hoping to educate America on the bias of race that have a factor in abuse with law enforcement. Members of this movement have been involved in protests against police shootings of unarmed black citizens.
Topic: police-brutality

Police officers are serving the communities, striving to uphold the law and protect the citizens. When it comes down to it, police are humans that experience the same anger, fear, and compassion just as citizens do. Law enforcements training attempts to teach the officers how to handle stressful situations calmly and safely, but people make mistakes. “Communities of color sometimes don’t understand what it means to be a police officer, the fear of police have grown from just being on the streets” (Racing and Policing). Police are trained to remain calm during an interaction in all situations. Adrenaline and fear tends to affect anyone’s judgment in tricky situations.
Topic: police-brutality

Michael Brown, an 18-year old Black man, was fatally shot by Darren Wilson, a white policeman with the Ferguson Police Department on August 9th, 2014. In the suburb of St Louis, after officer Wilson was not found guilty, riots and protests fired throughout. The indictment for Wilson is a demand of the people in support for Brown. “Two shots were fired by Officer Wilson. One bullet was found lodged in the driver’s door. Mr. Brown had a graze wound on his right thumb, consistent with a close range shot.” (Cassandra Davis Chaney and Dannielle Joy) This situation sparked protests and acts of vandalism in Ferguson, Missouri and as well as widespread calls for an investigation into the situation that had happened. It is believed that officer Wilson fired a shot in an act of self defense but witnesses say otherwise. Michael Brown was an unarmed, black teen that lost his life.
Topic: police-brutality

A twelve-year-old boy from Cleveland, Ohio was shot within seconds of law enforcement arriving to the scene. Timothy Loehmann and Frank Garmback were the two officers that responded after someone reported a black male that ‘kept pulling a gun out of his pants and pointing it at people at the Cudell Recreation Center” (BBC News). The two officers were unaware that a child was the reasoning for the 911 call, under the impression that the situation involved an armed suspect. Tamir was told to drop the weapon but did not listen, causing officer Loehmann to fire twice at close range.
Topic: police-brutality

According to The Atlantic, Chicago is the most impacted area dealing with police brutality. Illinois governor, Otto Kerner, did an investigation of racial violence in the late 1960s. He wanted to understand the causes of what creates racial violence in the first place. Some of the problems found in American culture was unequal job opportunities, poverty, and inadequate education for the African American community. Although the study was done a long time ago, the same factors are still an issue in today’s society.
Topic: police-brutality

Police brutality is seen to be a big issue in highly populated places like New Orleans. With more violence in the bigger cities, that is partly why excessive use of police force is being used on citizens. Law enforcement attempts to protect their own lives from danger and will use illegal excessive force as a defense mechanism. In some cases, an officer could have been protecting himself but it is important to make sure law enforcement is educated to know if they are in the rightful position.
Topic: police-brutality

One cause for police brutality is seemed to be linked to psychological reasonings. Officers with different training and education have been proven to execute different plans of action taken in intense situations. Police that have less educated or training are more likely to turn to physical contact. Race of the officer has been found to play a role in what kind of excessive force is being used. White officers will patrol more aggressively and use stronger force. The amount of experience the officer has also is a cause psychologically. Newer officers often become more aggressive, and are more likely to use excessive force. This can be related to not knowing what to do in a certain situation and reacting to quickly before thinking. (Geller, William A., and Hans Toch.)
Topic: police-brutality

Race and the law enforcement in America is a topic that will forever evolve. The law enforcement is constantly attempting to improve their departments, prevent situations of excessive force, and better their bond with the communities. Black Lives Matter is one of many groups trying to encourage communities to collaborate and respect the law enforcement and promote the spreading of kindness. Both American citizens and law enforcement are attempting to mend the tension between the relationship. As situations and incidents happen, focusing on respectful dialogue and feeling as if voices are being heard is important. “We can and must do better to institute the best practices that reduce the appearance or reality of racial bias in law enforcement.” – President Barack Obama
Topic: police-brutality

Barack Obama once said, “Our police officers put their lives on the line for us every single day. They’ve got a tough job to do to maintain public safety and hold accountable those who break the law (Earnest 2014).” This statement uses a rhetorical device known as hyperbole. A hyperbole is used when there is an over exaggeration to prove one’s point. In this case, Obama is trying to prove the importance of the police and their difficult jobs that put them at risks everyday.
Topic: police-brutality

In our culture the rise of technology has made it impossible for unjust treatment from the law enforcement to go unnoticed. Every action is either recorded on body cameras or from handheld devices being used by a bystander watching. The gatekeepers are the news channels and people who personally witness these events. These bystanders often broadcast these issues on social media or television for others to see. This has influenced activists and groups of individuals to create a movements to help those who have been affected by police brutality.
Topic: police-brutality

There are constantly new articles or videos being released in the media for the public to view. Videos such as that of Eric Garner saying, “I can’t breathe” 11 times until he lost consciousness or that of Diamond Reynolds stating to the police officer, “You shot four bullets into him, sir. He was just getting his license and registration, sir’” (Alang, 2017, p.106). Police officers are not following the correct training and quick to abuse their power. It is causing physical and mental abuse to the citizens who are supposed to feel protected by the police. A moral judgement can evolve when it comes to police brutality. A moral judgment comes from whether or not you think something is morally wrong. Many people think that police treatment against citizens is wrong and unethical. There are many unnecessary lives loss over the assumptions made from police officers.
Topic: police-brutality

Police officers are using discrimination as a reason for probable cause of their actions Unfortunately, certain races are more likely to become a victim to unfair treatment. “Blacks are almost five times more likely than are Whites to have a police intervention-related injury”(Alang, 2017, p.106). For this reason, the way people react to this issue can come from a personal bias regarding the color their skin. Since people of color are more probable to encounter this problem it is more likely to anger them and continue to further the division of the citizens and law enforcement.
Topic: police-brutality

In a series of shootings that has lead to a national debate regarding the use of deadly force by law enforcement officers, the law itself have given little to no guidance on when the use of force by law enforcement is justified (Gross, J., 2016, p 155). In 1985, Tennessee vs Garner, a police officer used deadly force by shooting and killing a teenage boy who was running away from him. In the officers defense, he used the Tennessee statute that an authorized police officer may “use all the necessary means to effect the arrest” of the suspect (Gross, J., 2016, p 156). This story has led to what is an important guide to law enforcement. In 2014, two Ohio police officers responding to a 911 call of “a guy with a gun”, who was pointing it at people, shot and killed a 12-year-old boy who was playing with a toy gun. In an incident that could have been prevented had the police officers taken the correct steps, failed to do so by using deadly force. In the article, Judge, Jury, and Executioner, Gross, J. discusses Police Officers’ aggressive use of force stating that the assumption made by the court, that officers are forced to make split-second decisions regarding the use of force, and they typically must use force for self defense (2016, p 161). “The opposite is actually true-police officers typically use force offensively rather than defensively and do so with at least some degree of premeditation (Gross, J., 2016, p 161).” When it comes to the social media or the news, we often tend to read or view what pertains to our personal preference. In that, the news or social media will often use confirmation bias, “which refers to the tendency to attach more weight to evidence that supports our viewpoint” (Brooke, M. & Parker, R., 2017, p 15). When it comes to the safety of the citizens and the police where do we draw the line to say what is excessive and what is not.
Topic: police-brutality

The media fails to showcase a police’s ability to do his/her job properly. Often times, what is showcased in the media neglects certain aspects, such as the citizens behavior prior to his/her arrest. On May 20, 2014, a news outlet showed an African American professor named Ersula Ore being “body slammed” to the ground because the police believed that she had been jay-walking (Fridkin 2017). During the event, the woman and police officer got into a brawl, which resulted in what appeared to be an “aggressive” act done by the police. This instance, however, does not show the woman’s unwillingness to comply to the officer. In fact, the woman, Ore, “refused to show her identification” even though the officer had asked her 7 times (Fridkin 2017). This incidence, in which the media failed to showcase both sides of police brutality, has happened more than once. This is known as the Strawman fallacy, in which the media misrepresents the issue to fit their argument. In this case, the media focuses on a police’s aggressive ways to gain attention to show brutal force done by the police, but fails to show other aspects. An aspect that the media fails to showcase is a citizen’s behavior. In fact, a citizen’s “excessive involvement in crimes of violence and other serious offenses, and their resistance to authority when placed under arrest” has resulted in many misrepresented police shootings (McElvain 2009). Often times, the media uses repetition, a rhetorical device that is used when an individual repeats his or her statements or ideas multiple times, to showcase police brutality to make it appear as if there is an excessive amount of police brutality occuring within the nation; when in fact, there is just more news coverage (McLaughlin 2015). By showing more news coverage of these events, it will make it appear as if police brutality is occuring more and more within society. In addition, there are other factors that contribute to a citizen’s arrest, such as intoxication and prior violent criminal behavior (McElvain 2009). These factors, however, are downplayed by the media and viewed as insignificant premises. A downplayer is a rhetorical device that seeks to tone down the significance of something and raise attention to something else (Moore 2017). These factors are important to understand because it will provide more context to the situation and show the reasons why a policeman would exert force to control the situation. It is also important to know these types of information before coming to a conclusion about an issue because it will allow one to understand the background of the event in a better aspect.
Topic: police-brutality

Police officers are often under credited by the media. The media crops out real stories of people when being arrested or detained by police officers. These are some questions one should think about when viewing these kinds of videos: what did the person do to be arrested? How were the officers provoked? What actions of the detainee caused the police officer to use excessive force-whether it be resisting arrest or assaulting a police officer? People often use stereotypes against officers due to their image portrayed by the media. A stereotype is a held assumption about a group of people due to an individual’s cultural beliefs. An example of a stereotype commonly held is that police are only males. This is a popular stereotype because there are not much female policemen portrayed in the media. Another stereotype is that police use guns to handle situations. This stereotype is popular because of the fact that there have been many instances that showcase the police using their guns to handle a situation. Stereotypes, however, often influence and limit an individual’s thinking. In addition, these stereotypes can lead to a fallacy known as hasty generalization, which occurs when there is a generalization of a subject based on a small sample. For example, if a citizen has been exposed to too much news about the police using improper tactics and actions, the citizen may feel threatened by the police and not ask for their help. They may also view these authoritative figures negatively. Instead of creating these hasty generalizations, it is important for an individual to think critically about this issue and examine various points of the situation.
Topic: police-brutality

The issue of police brutality is shown in two contrasting aspects: police using aggressive, improper actions towards citizens or the police effectively handling situations within their code of ethics. In an era where news can be viewed or shared by the click of a button, and where many individuals can pick and choose what they read or hear. Ways for an individual to critically think about this issue and create a decision are to research, find biases or fallacies within their sources, and identify whether an article’s argument contains valid premises. If these steps are done, the individual will be able to gain a bettering understanding of the issue and therefore, be able to form an informed opinion.
Topic: police-brutality

Police Brutality – This term was used for the first time in an American press station in 1872. 150 years later this term is used in many new stations on topics like this one. For some it has become a controversial topic, for others, it’s something that isn’t thought a lot about. Police brutality has been growing and decreasing throughout the last 150 years. Many forms of entertainment are based on this issue. It is important to know what this term means and how it has become a part of our society today.
Topic: police-brutality

Police brutality is a form of abuse or misconduct that police officers use against the public. They use extreme force to either detain, calm down a suspect or if they feel that they are in danger. It is illegal to do but law enforcement officers use it under the color of law. The color of law is when an authoritative figure such as a police officer, prison guard, or any other law enforcement official performs an unlawful/abusive act that is out/above their authority.
Topic: police-brutality

The United States had just gotten out of slavery and they were trying to be one as a nation. These documents, photos, and articles that show what kind of force they used on the public. When strikes were being made by the public and sometimes when the public wasn’t causing any trouble they would use this force. They would use fire hoses, police dogs, whips, bats and so forth. There was a lot of force being used against POC (People of Color) at the time because of the racial hatred and bigotry going on at the time. In Birmingham, there was a peaceful protest in 1963. The peaceful protest was only because they wanted to be treated the same as other Americans. In an article, I found called ‘Birmingham erupted into chaos in 1963 as the battle for civil rights exploded in South’ by Corky Siemasko, she had several photos that were taken back then showing the type of abuse the protestor was put through. You would be able to see several officers using a fire hose against a few protestors. Some are sitting on the ground being sprayed head to toe. You can see a man standing there, while an officer is standing next to him and his dog is about to bite the man standing there. In the article, she talked about how this event was broadcasted across the nation and the Birmingham leaders in business realized they were having a public relations issue. This was the nations first look at police brutality.
Topic: police-brutality

Today, there have been many incidents where the youth, adults and the general public have died at the hands of police brutality. Michael Brown was an 18-year old that was killed by a police officer. In an article called ‘What we know about Michael Brown’s shooting’ by Eliott C. McLaughlin, he talked about the details of what happened. Brown was visiting the area because his grandmother lived there. He was walking with a friend and crossed the street. An officer called to him and told them to get out of the road and Brown explained they were about to get to their destination. The officer pulled up behind them and opened the door which hit Brown and closed back on the officer. According to this article, the officer put his arms around Brown’s neck and later let go. Brown was shot once, he took off running, turned back with his hands up and the officer then shot him another 6 times before he dropped to the ground dead. This happened in August 2014. Once this event happened, riots were happening in Ferguson for two weeks. It was broadcasting on the news and it was all over social media. In the article, he stated how there were some peaceful protestors but there were attacks on police. Vandalism, firing, looting, etc. After this incident, police brutality was becoming more noticeable and more people started to draw attention towards this issue.
Topic: police-brutality

Tamir Rice is another example of police brutality. He was 12 years old, African American boy. This incident took place in Cleveland, Ohio, 4 months after Michael Brown was killed. The officers received a “911” call stating that there was a juvenile that had a “fake gun” in a park. Once the officers arrived the incident turned deadly within seconds. The officer parked his car near the park that Tamir was at and he immediately shot him. Twice. Tamir had a BB gun that looked almost identical to a real gun. After this occurred, news stations, media, and the public were relating this to the Michael Brown case. They were both unarmed, both weren’t causing much trouble but both officers used and did the extreme within seconds of interacting with them. After these incidents, both officers that were involved in the Michael Brown case and the Tamir Rice case received extreme backlash. In an article called, Officer Who Killed 12-Year-Old Tamir Rice Gets New Police Gig by Nina Golgowski, she talked about what happened to Officer Loehmann. The jury on Tamir Rice’s case decided not to charge him. It was later found out that he had lied on his application to the Cleveland police force. He was deemed “unfit” at his previous job. He was recently hired to be on another police force but many people are quick to refer back to Tamir. He is a controversial hire for that police department because he used police brutality.
Topic: police-brutality

Policing has been a part of America for many decades. In fact, policing was known to exist prior to 1066, the year of the Normandy Invasion of Britain. Throughout the years policing has been a complicated and ongoing progress. The people of England did not have a stabilized policing standard and were often responsible for protecting and serving themselves. As early as the 1600s the Colonial America introduced the English styles of policing; citizens were responsible for monitoring community members’ behavior.
Topic: police-brutality

This Metropolitan America developed guidelines set for improving community relations and professional behaviors. His ideas stood firm that the key to policing was, “the police are the people and the people are the police. ” In this paper, I will discuss the nine principles developed by Sir Robert Peel and the impact it served on American policing and its history. Sir Robert Peel was a believer of crime prevention and the use of community policing as a source to aid his nine principles.
Topic: police-brutality

Peel’s intended goal was to prevent crime and promote better police-community affiliations. This goal was based on the idea that police were willing to engage in special training that focused on problem analysis, problem solving, facilitation, community organization, communication, intervention and conflict resolution, resource classification and use, networking and connections, and cross-cultural proficiency (Larrabee, 2007)(Patterson). Sir Robert Peel’s stood by these nine principles to design a more stable and organized police establishment. By this, he employed his first rinciple that the “basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder. ” In this, Sir Robert Peel instituted a force that served as uniformed police called “Bobbies” or “Beats. ” This form of policing is well-known today and has had a significant impact on American policing. Law enforcement agencies still practice the use of “Bobbies” and “Beats” but now refer to this method as police patrolling with the goal of preventing crime, getting to know the community, and establishing the trust and safety of the public (Siegel, 4th Ed).
Topic: police-brutality

This brought about the next two principles, established by Peel, which stated (2) “the ability of the police to perform their duties was dependent upon the public approval of police actions. (3) Police must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observation of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. ” This laid a serious impact on American policing and its history; society today, as in the past, dealt with the importance of diversity and the need for police to comprehend the different cultures, races, and religions that scattered the communities in which they patrolled.
Topic: police-brutality

Sir Robert Peel established that (4)“the degree of co-operation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force, (5) that police seek and preserve public favor not by catering to public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law, and (6) that police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be insufficient. Although these principles were intended to build trust within community policing, positions and power of police have often been over abused throughout the public creating a sense of rebellion. Excessive police brutality or force always has served as a concern to society and the history of American policing. Excessive force has often led the public to mistrust the police deterring any relationships previously established within the community.
Topic: police-brutality

This purpose iterates the importance of the police gaining the cooperation and respects of the public; if the police lose this trust because of simple acts of excessive or unnecessary force, the public is liable to lose respect toward the police creating anarchy against the laws. However, in some instances excessive force, using Peel’s principles may be necessary when dispersing large crowds or uncontrolled situations such as riots, strikes, or major city-wide events. Relating back to Peel’s idea that “the police are the public and the public are the police” forms the seventh principle established to a reformed policing.
Topic: police-brutality

Sir Robert Peel states that, “Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition; that the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent upon every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence. ” This principle reiterates the importance of community policing and that both the public and the police should share the same concepts and goals in preventing and stopping crime as a number one priority.
Topic: police-brutality

This underlines the theory that crime prevention is the responsibility of both the community and the police and that both should share accountability for the avoidance of crime. Furthermore, Peel’s principle (8) states that “police should always direct their action strictly towards their functions, and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary. ” In American history police have set a standard in which they are expected to obey and respect the laws as they expect of the community.
Topic: police-brutality

This has been a major effect over the period of history because police are often accused of abusing their power as authority figures that implicates to the public that they are untrustworthy and corrupt. This goes beyond community policing that sets a negative standard within the communities that state, ‘if the police, our entrusted authority, cannot follow and obey laws that we as a community are expected to follow, then why not imitate the actions of these police and break the law ourselves. ’ This breaks down the earned trust and communication amongst the olice and community creating havoc and corruption. The people of society and the police must take the examples from the past and learn from them, creating a better future.
Topic: police-brutality

There are many mistakes in which prevent effective community policing, such as lack of planning, funding and lack of commitment; these mistakes are often the cause of failed programs to assist in effective policing. Sir Robert Peel states in his ninth principle that “the test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it. If police are following the nine established principles by obeying, respecting and enforcing these laws that criminal activity will be broken down and effective policing will be established. Society and police will work together to stop and prevent crime and build respected and trusting relationships worldwide. In conclusion, Sir Robert Peel placed a high value on the battle against crime and still to this day our policing and criminal justice system set goals and principles to continue the fight in preventing crime and working closely with the community to solve crime.