ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: family

Cacioppo and Freberg (2016: 16) ‘said that he was a contemporary of Pavlov he began experimenting with learning in rats and independently came to many of the same conclusions as Pavlov”. Watson was a behaviorist more concerned about the behaviors of humans, there’s a statement that he made he said “Give me a dozen healthy infants well-formed and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select a doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and yes even into beggar man and thief ,regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations and race of his ancestors’. (Cacioppo & Freberg, 2016: 16). . In his career the man and his work had a lot of influence In the advertising industry he discovered that blindfolded smokers couldn’t tell the difference between the different brands of cigarettes after that he came to a conclusion that for any brand to be successful it must be paired it must be paired with an appealing image.
Topic: family

The way a human or an animal is born the things that you can’t just wake up and think about changing they are innate at times genetically impossible to be changed that is what is meant by nature inborn things that we as human can’t change. There were a lot of philosophers who had ideas about how nature or the mind at large works Descartes argued that ideas and emotions were innate or inborn Aristotle believed that all knowledge is gained through sensory experience”. (Cacioppo & Freberg 2016: 8). All that you are born with and is innate it cannot be changed.
Topic: family

In a study compiled by Miller et al (2000).’In the study comparing adopted and non-adopted children they found that “demographic and background variable breakdowns show that the effect sizes for difference between adopted and non-adopted adolescents were larger for males, younger or older adolescents ,Hispanics or Asians and adolescents living in group homes or with parents of low education. Distributional analysis revealed approximately a 1:1 ratio of adopted to non-adopted adolescents in the middle ranges of the outcome variables but a ratio of 3:1 or greater near the tails of the distributions. These data clearly show that more adopted adolescents have problems of various kinds than their non-adopted peers; effect sizes were small to moderate based to moderate based on mean differences but comparisons of distributions suggest much larger proportions of adopted than non-adopted adolescents at the extremes of salient outcome variables’. Miller et al,( 2000:1458).
Topic: family

The council wanted to bust the myth around sayings that children who are adopted are problematic don’t listen to anyone they tried and their and their study showed that it depends on various factors like how educated the parents are how little was the child when they were adopted and the conditions like the community they will grow in the nurture factor will play an important role. The study found that this mostly happens with male children who grow up to be problematic but in overall they all showed that all children do become rebellious and problematic as they grow up.
Topic: family

Tazneem’s mother fears are reasonably valid because adopted children like Andrew who happens to be male do exhibit some emotional and behavioral disturbances. Miller et al. (2000) “concluded that adoptees are especially likely to display higher levels of externalizing behaviors and learning disabilities including attention deficit disorders”. Sharma, McGue and Benson (1996)’compared a large group of adopted and matched non-adopted adolescents found that adoptees had lower levels of adjustment on 9 of 12 emotional, behavioral and family functioning scales but slightly higher levels of prosocial behavior’.
Topic: family

Psychoanalytic theory represents the unconscious realm of the artist’s mind. It explains their real motives and objects from conscious mind. The movie Black swan revolves around Nina. She was obsessed with her dream of becoming a ballet dancer. She wanted to be perfectionist. In order to achieve her dream she should be able to play the role of both white and black swan. She was able to do the role of white swan really well because the white swan represents childhood, innocence and purity,this is because she was innocent and pure as she was still like an innocent child, whereas black swan represents evil darkness and adulthood, so Nina was not able to do that part well.
Topic: family

“Kovel finds in Freud’s Interpretations of Dreams that “people are terrified of their inner selves,” hence drawn to a fantasy whose unreality they disguise, from themselves and from others, as normal behavior”]She goes so crazy that she started seeing an “anti-Nina” in the mirrors. She sees inanimate objects, such as soft toys and her mother paintings making fun of her for not being perfect. At the beginning of the movie, when she performed ballet dance for the first time, she thought she was a perfectionist, but her instructor asked her to practice harder. Her teacher even sexually harassed her but that didn’t affect her as she was so into her dance, which shows that dance was basically her life. She was living for dance and wanted to become a perfectionist.
Topic: family

The extreme juxtaposition of the roles she’s trying to fit cause her to start overworking herself. She cut her toenails in order to be perfect,she peeled off her skin in order to look like a black swan. She was so obsessed with black swan that started believing that she is physically transformed into a black swan,she continuously scratches one part of her back hoping that she will grow black wings and will be able to play the role of black swan perfectly. Since,black swan represented freedom and adulthood, so the moment Nina became a black swan she lost all innocence and childhood and became an adult. Now she was able to perform the part of black swan perfectly but she couldn’t perform the role of white swan as she had lost that innocence. Her visions drive her crazy due to which she fails to differentiate between what is real and what is not.
Topic: family

Lilly played the role of black swan really well because she represented evil and darkness. Nina was jealous of her and she wanted to become like her. Lilly was so into her mind that she started thinking that she’s after her. Nina started to see her faces and shadows in other people. She started seeing lilly in herself due to which she stabs herself with a broken piece of glass assuming that she has stabbed lilly. Nina has to cost her life in order to achieve perfection.
Topic: family

There are many topics in a family business to be addressed when it comes to compensation and discrimination. There are a few key factors that must be considered when dealing with the ethics of such situations. Most jobs require a set of ethics , morals, and a set guideline of principles to be followed. When is the best time to know when you are being taken advantage of and who is abusing their power and trying to keep a business ethic and practicality when dealing with your job and probational periods within said job ( Payrolls New Hire), and should she notify the owner? Is it okay to use your power in an unfair way to gain access and to better take care of your family (General Manager and his brother the service Tech.
Topic: family

When Jane saw and happened to be privy to Eddie giving Brad the better work tickets on top of the workstack to expedite work orders and give Brad an unfair advantage over everyone else·it was an ethical breech although not necessarily viewed as a criminal act in its entirety. As per the case mentioned in our book, “Law and Ethics in the Business Environment” : Pierce v. Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation, 417 A.2d 505 (1980) reads the courts favor or action of ruling in the matter as, “Employees who are professionals owe a special duty to abide not only by federal and state laws, but also by the recognized code of ethics of their profession (Halbert, 2015,p 57-58).” The actions of Jane should be applied due to the course of her actions in upholding her own ethics, her work duties within her parameters, and that of Brads Business·it may alleviate the actions but not the symptoms. Anytime someone is put into a position of power they are left to their own discretion, we want them to do right and hope they do right for the better good, though all are held to this theory or course of action, not all will follow it.
Topic: family

As we have seen written, viewed, and upheld in most states, employment-at-will is almost always enforced. This is to say that employers can hire or fire someone, with cause, without cause, or no cause at all. Which means if Eddie wanted to fire Jane for blowing the whistle on him and his brother Greg by going to Brad in the matter·it could leave Jane, Brad, Eddie, and Greg as well as his business in a precarious position. It can be a slippery slope. Although Jane must keep a certain level of confidentiality when it comes to salaries and payrolls, this doesn’t mean that she should keep silent about unethical actions.
Topic: family

When we see an injustice not only to those who are doing the right thing, employees have a way of seeing, hearing, knowing, and talking about what is going on within a company thus causing the company’s reputation to be viewed in a negative light and possible downfall. Brad can exercise one of two options at this point and he can either uphold Eddie’s decision to fire Jane. Although not the most effective way to shine more unwanted light and attention on his company but by further intimidating future and current employees from wanting to work for an unethical company or to come forward about unethical company policies. On the flip side of the same coin, Brad can also choose to fire Eddie and Greg for their inherent, unfair, and selfish acts. This is because it will take away from the other working classes and as far as the extension of the working classes families and Brad as the owner of the company who are losing too much time, money, energy and resources to support only two people and their immediate families.
Topic: family

In this case we must implement Utilitarianism as the guiding factor. When we look at the scope as mentioned above, we want to implement the best course of action that will benefit the many and bring about the best and happiest results for all involved. What is good for most of the workers such as Jane, Brad, the person previously fired (if an internal investigation can show that she was fired without just cause) and all the other workers who have lost on income, revenue, and ultimately, profits.
Topic: family

We want there to be a certain level of fairness, without bias or intimidation, and even go as far as to say that of anyone was fired for doing the right thing in the course of retaliation(there are laws that protect Jane), that it could come back on Brad in so many ways legally. If Jane was to set precedence in these proceedings and did do the right thing or if she was held to the decision that she was in fact fired out of retaliation, it would open the door for many to sue Brad’s company for emotional suffering, loss of pay, and trauma dealt to the family, we may even find that some courts may be willing to make Brad pay backpay retroactively for all the pain and suffering caused to people due to the unethical practices. Hence, further protecting all stakeholders within the company.
Topic: family

Being clear and have a better understanding of our family structure is very important. It helps us to perceive our life in the right way. I believe life’s difficulties make people stronger. Sometimes we live in a quiet and peaceful life, all of a sudden the light switch, and the boat started rocking. Suddenly, our life flips upside down. Sometimes we feel we are unable to cope with these hardships and events, sometimes we may not. We may feel powerless, alone, empty, and losing hope.
Topic: family

My family is very important to me. For help, support, and care I always turn to my family. My thoughts and behaviors influenced by my family’s value. I believe a successful society depends on how the family is structured. I want to start this paper talking about two major stressful events. The first stressful event happened back in 1999, I was nine years old. My parents all of a sudden separated. This separation remained for three years then they got back together. The second event when I got separated from my partner and officially got divorced.
Topic: family

My parents are good parents. They are typical middle eastern, upper class married couple raising their three children with love and joy. They had their ups and downs, but I feel through these ups and downs their relationship became stronger and stronger. My siblings, and I used to watch them arguing and fighting. We most likely got used to see them acting this way. Most likely their arguments were a part of our daily life. The most painful memory I recall when I was playing with my cousin in the front yard, I was nine years old, in Istanbul, Turkey. I saw my mom walking out with her luggage and my dad was walking behind her seemed upset. He yelled “if you leave this door then don’t ever come back”, my mom yelled with sorrow, “I am not coming back”, my immediate reaction was absolutely nothing. As 9 years old child I did not understand what is going on. My parents were unable to avoid conflict in front of us. My parents were physically and emotionally separated without divorce. My mother wanted to officially end up this marriage but my dad refused. Most likely he wanted to keep her hanging at her parents’ house. Since he is a man of power and an authority figure no one was able to argue or challenge him. My parents had a high conflict over us.
Topic: family

Co-parenting conflict was high between them and visits arrangement to my mother was not an option to my dad. This separation was confusing and stressful for my older siblings ( two brothers). Watching my both parents apart and fighting over us affected my siblings well-being. A year later this separation started affecting me negatively. I became more isolated and had fears of being alone in any public place. I started having social, emotional and academic problems as well as my siblings had the same issues. These three years of separation had a significant risk on everyone in my family including my parents. My parents reconciled after three years of separation. I felt this separation was not the end, it was a new beginning. Both learned their lessons and both learned how to cope with their future conflicts.
Topic: family

Gender power in family dynamic or I would say gender role attitudes influenced my parent’s life and separation. My mother had her first baby at the age of 18. She was valued because she can have babies. Her ability to have kids was the only thing that my dad appreciated her for. Her lack of power had restricted her decision making, before the separation she had no words. My father limited my mother from a lot of access because he felt it the less control she has is the better. Which increased her stress and limit her life. My mother’s life roles were very traditional which made her experience a lot of emotional stress. As I stated above that their separation was the beginning of a new life. When my mom returned, she returned with power. She worked hard on herself and figured her worth and values. She built boundaries and created new roles which my dad had to follow, otherwise reconcile won’t be an option.
Topic: family

The second event that changed my life and my family’s life was my divorce. I really struggled with my marriage. Even we were in so much love, but control issues ruined our life. It turned to a stressful marriage I felt I am not able to cope with it or fix it anymore. We seeked help but did not work, Then we decided to look for another option. It was separation. Sometimes separation can be an end to a problem and can be the best option. My divorce simply changed my life for the better but changed my parent’s live to the worst. The divorce was very hard on me but it changed me for the better. I feel this divorce had positive effects on me. However, it had a negative outcome on my parents. My parents feel a sense of shame because of it. They were affected by the social stigma associated with divorce. I felt my divorce was very challenging for my parents. I never been ashamed of my divorce as much as my parents are. Due to cultural beliefs, my parents believe that divorce is shameful. I had to explain to my parents that divorce is not a failure. After my dovroce I decided to focus on the positive outcomes. Because this choice and the decision is the best for me, for my ex-husband, my parents and every person been involved in this relationship and this separation. I personally feel divorce is not negative, I feel it is a powerful technique to discover myself and learn a new life lesson. I think parents should take my divorce as a lesson as well, and they should focus on the future positive outcome for me and them.
Topic: family

My mother and I had the same problem in our marriages. Both of us had a lack of power or actually no power over anything. Even my ex-partner was a white American. I thought living with someone from a different background can be slightly different and may have different mindsets, but had control issues. The similarity between my problem and my mom’s problem helped me to cope better with the issue. My mother could not get out of her marriage, my dad power and job occupation had an impact on that. However, I was able to get out of that controlling relationship with a victory. My ex did not give me equal access to everything around me. Such as I was not able to hang out with friends, he had a map track on my phone device, the places I visit are very limited as well as extreme jealousy.
Topic: family

Culture and gender roles had an impact on my divorce. I feel culture values had limited my power as well as my mother’s power. Women always have less power, fewer opportunities, men treat us with lower status. It is painful to live in this reality. I lived in this reality and my mother did. But on the bright side, I feel relieved and happy after getting my freedom back. I gained tremendous personal experience and professional experience. I feel I am able to understand the purpose of life, I gained a proper knowledge about family and marriage. These sad events made me and family stronger and got us closer. I feel I have a positive perspective of every even around me. I feel my parent’s separation and my divorce will help me in my career as a therapist. My passion to help people led me to take the path, however; my life experiences will help to serve those who need help.
Topic: family

Personality, personal experience, and life knowledge are very important in my career as a therapist. Stressful and emotional situations may occur every day during my profession. I have to remain critical and have good self-control. My personal experiences have taught me how to have a good self-control and I believe this is a quality every therapist should have. I feel I can understand couples hardships, children’s struggles with separated parents, cultural values and beliefs and divorce’s stigma. Every little thing I have been through in my childhood and adult has a positive impact on my profession.
Topic: family

Finally, I spent the past nine years of my life under pressure and pain. I was emotionally, and physically unwell. I lacked motivation. I lost my energy and lost my smile. I believe sad events and negative emotions are not an easy thing to deal with. For a while, I felt I have been pulled away from my beliefs and values. I could not feel myself anymore. During my marriage, my emotions were triggered mostly every day. Now I found my inner strengths and self-worth. I am proud of myself that I was able to move on. Meditation and connecting with my inner strength were one of my tools to heal. These tools were difficult for me at the beginning, because they required me to focus, but during painful situations is hard to focus and pay attention. I decided to make my life more meaningful. I felt I need to be happy because I deserve happiness. I moved on, I healed and I increased my resilience. I feel I am a powerful woman and I can solve my problems by myself I do not need anyone to solve my problems for me. I faced difficulties and discrimination all by myself. It was not an easy thing but I successfully did it. Now my life is predictable, it is not drama-free, I still have some ups and downs in family and with my ex-partner, but I see problems from a different perspective. Now I know my rights and every woman should know their rights. Women’s right or I would say gender equality starts right from our houses then it expands to society. We should be equally respected and voice our rights. I believe men need to take any action to support our rights.
Topic: family

c)      Doing this community project, I gained lots of experience in so many aspects. Firstly, I got the chance to learn about Down’s syndrome children closely. As a result, from observing the supervisors, I learned how to treat, communicate, understand, and play with these children. Moreover, I gained sufficient knowledge that will help me when I will encounter a child from this category during my life. Besides, this knowledge will allow me to interact better with all other children from different special needs categories. Besides, I earned some skills which will help me in different stages of my life such as communication, creative thinking, finding solutions, responsibility and taking care of others.
Topic: family

Shakespeare has delivered numerous eminent catastrophes, with Hamlet being a standout amongst his most notable. There is by all accounts a typical repeating subject in these accounts, for example, murder and demise. The awfulness of Hamlet envelops these qualities in an exceptionally solid way. The hero of this play, Hamlet, lost his dad two months before the story began. Amid the play, the phantom of Hamlet’s dad comes to him. This is the minute that the apparition educates Hamlet that his very own sibling, Claudius, was in certainty the person who killed him.
Topic: family

The apparition at that point leaves Hamlet by requesting that he render retribution on Claudius who has turned into a sovereignty of Denmark, and furthermore hitched Hamlet’s mom. It is now that he focuses on avenging the homicide of his dad. Be that as it may, Hamlet misses various chances to get his submitted revenge. Perusers would now be able to ponder, for what reason would he not take these risks to get the vengeance that he genuinely needs? The conceivable explanation behind such a deferral could be on the grounds that he needs to discover an open door that could give him the most achievement in his objective of murdering Claudius.
Topic: family

This open door tags along when a few performers approach Hamlet. These on-screen characters give Hamlet the plan to utilize them to re-authorize the homicide of his dad and quite possibly conjure a response from Claudius. Horatio, Hamlet’s companion, hears Hamlet’s arrangement. He additionally hears the explanation behind the postponement to kill Claudius. He tells Horatio, “If his occulted blame/Do not itself unkennel in one discourse/It is a doomed apparition that we have seen” (III. II. 73-75). It tends to be seen here that In these lines Hamlet uncovers that he has postponed in light of the fact that there has been no confirmation that the apparition was really his dads phantom, and not only a “cursed phantom” (one sent by the fallen angel). In Elizabethan occasions apparitions were considered extraordinarily dishonest, “Society trusted that spirits were either positive or negative, and that great spirits visiting the earth never again existed” (Cowling1). In the event that Hamlet did not delay, at that point he could have killed a blameless man and his endeavor at vengeance would have been a dreadful disappointment.
Topic: family

By defining his arrangement with the players Hamlet guarantees the legitimacy of his vengeance and abstains from flopping in the mission his dad gave him. Hamlet’s defer winds up satisfying. At the point when the players are showcasing the homicide Claudius storms out of the performance center looking extraordinarily troubled. In the wake of examining the occasions with Horatio Hamlet infers that Claudius really killed his dad. He chooses to search out Claudius to at long last vindicate his dad. At the point when Hamlet discovers him imploring alone he hauls out his sword, prepared to slaughter, yet again he delays. Important Topics Readers Also Choose Hamlet And Lion King Comparison Hamlet says to himself, “To take him in the cleansing of his spirit/When he is fit and prepared for his entry? /No/Up, sword, and know thou a progressively horrendous hent” (III. III. 86-90). On the off chance that Hamlet executed Claudius right then and there, while he was admitting his wrongdoings, at that point he would basically do Claudius an administration by giving him free entry to paradise. In the event that he postponed be that as it may, at that point he would almost certainly get Claudius “When he is tanked sleeping, or in his fierceness/Or in th’ perverted delight of his bed/At a diversion swearing, or about some demonstration/That has no relish of salvation in ‘t” (III. III. 90-93). Villages Father got no opportunity to atone for his transgressions. Hamlet knows this and postpones executing Claudius to hang tight for a progressively ideal minute where he can bargain more harm to his rival. Before Hamlet can reconsider another procedure, he is compelled to deliver off to England by his Mother and Claudius. Rather than being rushed and endeavoring to murder Claudius before he leaves, he chooses postponement and play alongside his parent’s requests. Hamlet leaves for England yet figures out how to return not long after to manage Claudius.
Topic: family

As Hamlet talks with Horatio in the wake of returning he unpretentiously clarifies his rationale for playing alongside Claudius and his endeavor to transport him off. Subsequent to disclosing to Horatio how the time is so directly for him to render retribution he states, “It will be short, the breaks mine” (V. II. 77). Hamlet is stating to Horatio that the vengeance is going to come in a matter of seconds, and that he is going to set aside the effort to plan. If Hamlet somehow managed to have acted thoughtlessly and attempted to execute Claudius in flurry before cruising to England things could have finished ineffectively. He knows that he ought not surge things inspired by a paranoid fear of an unwelcome result so he delays until the fitting minute, when the time is ideal. Toward the finish of the play, Hamlet ends up getting his retribution. The conditions were not the best, as Hamlet and his mom pass on alongside Claudius. In spite of that, Hamlet satisfies his promise to retaliate for his dad. Presently was Hamlets postpone right or off-base? That subject stays open to discourse yet there is no uncertainty that Hamlet delayed looking for the ideal minute where his vengeance would be best.
Topic: family

On 22nd April 1999, my sister and I were born. Unlike other twins, we were too different to even be called sisters: One was big and the other one was thin, one was stubborn and the other one Silent, One was into sciences and the other one into humanities, one liked socializing and the other one simply loved an easy and lonely life. So many things about them that could not at all intersect: They had unending parallel characters. But, who knew our differences could make our parents prefer one over the other? I personally could not get it, I thought that the beauty in the differences between me and my sister was to make our parents be more interested in learning how to deal with both of us respectively, but, apparently, I was wrong.
Topic: family

I could always try my best to find pleasure in learning sciences, just for the sake of seeing my parents proud of me too, But as years went by I actually found that there is nothing I could do best than being myself. I never got it why my parents undermined my abilities in doing best in humanities than in sciences. Well, I absolutely got it that stereotypes made them think that some courses where better than others, and that some talents and characters also valued more than the others, but, regardless of all that, I was not going to let myself be overtaken by the eagerness I had at that time of experiencing how parental support and pride felt.
Topic: family

For the first three years of high school I mostly studied everything: humanities and sciences, as we were required by the Rwandan education curriculum, but, after that, I chose to major only in humanities and leave behind sciences for I knew they were not meant for me. For the first time in my whole schooling experience I had found an environment that totally matched with my characters : the classes were lively and made more sense to me that science did, the extra-curricular absolutely met my talents and ambitions, for example, the journalism club that allowed me to speak out as much as I wished; I was, at last, living in a community that found meaning in what I said and thought, friends who loved me just the way I was and never tried to compare my characters to anybody else’s characters, friends who were more like a family I ever wished to have.
Topic: family

I lived my life to the fullest and not theirs (my parents), I know regrets are never to come, for, the heart I followed never deceives me. I know with time my parents will learn to embrace me just the way I am, they will learn that no character is better than the other and that most of all diversity is what makes us human. For now, one thing is for sure, I won’t let what I can do be interfered by what iI can’t do. Time flies, that’s for sure, and won’t let it leave me with regrets.
Topic: family

Every day after school, she would wait for me at the doorway and she would ask me what I wanted to eat for lunch and she would cook the food for me immediately. Every time when I go out to play with my friends she would ask me where I was going and when I’m going to be home so that she knows when to prepare the dinner for me. As I grow older, I started to hate the way that she would wait for me every day at the doorway and asks me where I was going.
Topic: family

I told her that I am older now and that she doesn’t have to treat me like a little girl anymore. However, she continued to act the same way as usual. One day when I came home from school and saw her standing there waiting for me, which I did not expect, I was very angry and had an argument with her and told her I did not want her help and care anymore. She did not say anything to me and I ran up to my room and find that she has left me a plate of food. I did not eat the food and then took it down back to the kitchen. The next morning I woke up early and went to school without saying anything to her.
Topic: family

Two months later my parents decided to move to another country. My mother told me that my grandmother said that she did not want to go with us because she felt that she was too old and would just be a worry for the family. I was depressed that I had to leave the place where I grew up but at the same time, I was glad that my grandmother was not leaving with us which I regret. In the airport, she told me to take care of myself when I got there and it was the first time that I saw her cry. I wanted to cry too when I saw the tears rolling down from her face, but I turned my head away and did not even say goodbye to her. After arriving at the new place I didn’t call home to her even though I heard from my parents that she became really sick after we left. I remember that it was on a cold December day when I heard the news from my parents that my grandmother had passed away. After hearing the news, I couldn’t help it and the tears continue to roll down from my face. In my heart, I felt that something that is always there is suddenly gone and I could not stop crying.
Topic: family

Two years have passed since my grandmother passed away. Every day I think of her and everything she went through. She worked so hard to give my family and me the life we enjoy today. The grief will come at random times and will linger for days, but she never leaves my mind. I love my grandma more than anyone I have ever met in my entire life. She inspired me to do what I love, and I wouldn’t be half the person I am if it wasn’t for her. Every time when I look at her pictures, the tears just begin to roll down my face. I felt regret for not apologising to her for the argument that we had and all the strong words that I had said to her. I felt regret for never thanking her for all the things that she had done for me. If I had another chance, I would tell her how much I appreciate everything she has did for me and hug her so tight and never let go but except it’s too late now.
Topic: family

My name is Merida O’Donald, I am twenty seven years old and currently living with my mother Ailis and Father Neil. The year is 1856, September 30th, seven years after the Great Famine. Life as of right now is rather calm compared to before, the hunger had decimated our crops and ruined the land back then but it has slowly recovered. Everyone in our village of D?n Laoghaire had decided to move to the bigger cities to find some sort of job to feed their families and avoid the sicknesses, and frankly at the time I did not blame them.
Topic: family

My life story starts when the Potato Famine came through Ireland in the early 1840’s, I was 15 years of age and my mother, Aillis (O’Donald), 35, and father, Neil (O’Donald), 37. We all lived in a one story tiny cottage in D?n Laoghaire which cost around 3 shillings, where I was one of many children who worked as farmers or laborors on the land of Killiney Castle near the park with the same name. (“Our Location at Fitzpatrick Castle Hotel.
Topic: family

”). It was an absolutely beautiful area, there was nothing but hills around with beautiful trees surrounding the estate. Around this time we had a couple children working the land with me. Their names were Allannah (age 11), Padraig (7), Afric (9), Artur (12), little Garvean (3), and the eldest Dehnilin (17). We all grew rather close together being we worked with each other everyday, and being that we and all of our parents were labors. We began to notice that something was off with the land and cattle as the days passed. We all had come to realize that the Great Hunger had come to ravenge the lands of Ireland. As time had passed life became rather hard the living standards at ther time were very low. We began to heavly rely on the farming of potatos to live. I was now unable to work the land at Killiney anymore because the crops would grow no longer there.
Topic: family

In October 1845, it had started to rain a lot, which was fairly odd considering it did’t rain that much in Ireland. We usually only receive a fairly normal amount of rainfall.(“Lambert, Tim.”). Then at the blink of an eye, a thick deep blue/black fog had taken home over our crops. An strong, nauseating scent of rot filled the air. Once the wind and rain dwindled away and came to an abrubt clean stop, there was nothing but a horrible stillness to land. All of the potato crops that my mother, father, village, and I had worked so hard to live off of was ruined, destroyed by what we later learned was Phytophthora Fungus. (“Goss, Erica M., et al.”).
Topic: family

Over the next couple of years, life was absolutely unberable. My family and I were serverly hungry and lost an unimaginable amount of weight in such a sort period of time. It wasn’t just us though, the whole village was starving. It was hard to watch those I grew up with dwindle away to nothing before your eyes. Padraig had succumb to dysentery along with Allannah and Afric. The one person who had it the worse was poor little Garvean…he passed away from starvation and smallpox due to his undeveloped immune system. He was only five years old and had so much life to live, yet this damned epidemic took his life before it could even begin. After awhile of struggle England had decided to give us some grains and beans, but those Brit cockneys had decided to send half ground grain which had caused stomach pains, head aches, and gave youthe runs, which eventually lead to dysentery. (“The Poor Law in Ireland.”).
Topic: family

Money was now becoming a huge matter of concern as time went on, I rushed to aquire some sort of job to support my family. Eventually my father decided to move us all from D?n Laoghaire to the capital itself, Dublin. When we first moved we could not find one single cottage to live in. We were forced to live in the slums, it was absolutely horrible. The smell was awful and it was full of people who were riddled with all sorts of diseases. We lived there for about one month before my father decided to move us into a fairly small shack still located in the slums. By the time all of this had occured my father and mother had managed to find jobs. My mother had became a chambermaid for an older wealthy woman named Eesold, and my father had landed a job as a railroad track worker. Neither one of them earned much at all. They both got paid around 2 to 4 pence for all of the hard work they did, which was a complete dodder for them being that that small amount of money did not even add up to a shilling.
Topic: family

I eventually was able to find a job myself and joined a road/railroad construction company that was inforced by the Brits. We wasted so much of our time creating bothrin and laying railroads that seemed to have very little purpose to me at the time. Even though it felt as if I was wasting all of my time it did pay quite handsomely at the amount of 9 pence per day, which was almost triple my pay as a potato farmer back home in D?n Laoghaire. Before I knew it September had came around and many of the neighbors I had from my village had joined me in this work effort as a bothrin builder, and because of this increase of people the industry increased to what seemed like fivefold the starting amount.
Topic: family

In 1848 my mother had convinced my pa to move back to our village to see if they could possibly start farming again because she could not stand working for Mrs. Eesold for she was a wicked woman. Once we made the move back we immediately began to farm our potatoes in our old crops, but the stalks and leaves of the potatoes were completely blackened, accompanied with a stomach turning stench, and within only 2 to 4 days the whole crop was obliterated. (“Goss, Erica M., et al.”). We were devastated, we all moved back to our village to try and start anew. My mother and father had both quit their jobs with the hopes that the fields would be in better shape to farm. I was the only person who kept their job, because of that I was the one who fed the family, but I was not bothered by that fact.
Topic: family

Looking back on the event as a whole I came to realize that our family was very fortunate. We somehow ended up avoiding the pestilence that many of our neighbors succumbed to like little Garvean. We very narrowly avoided having to leave to go to one of the area workhouses in town. The Irish Poor Land System had resulted in building a large amount of such workhouses, with enough beds to house around 100,000 or so, but honestly the British goal was quite perplexing: they wanted to make poverty so unbelievably unendurable that we, the victims, would embrace the righteousness of the “saved,” namely to be more industrious, self-reliant, and very disciplined. (“Cousins, Mel.”). This was extremely hard to do, in my opinion, when one is starving to death and out of steady work.
Topic: family

Many of the Brits took on this attitude that the famine was God’s punishment toward a sinful people, referring to us. Well being that nearly half if not all of Southern Ireland were devout Catholics and didn’t agree with this nonsense. (“Jones, Emrys, and Jim Smyth.”). Those hard necks could only fool over the Northern traders with that rubbish. Despite the very noticeable fact that many of us were starving and dying from scurvy, fever, smallpox, and etc., our country kept having to export foods to the English. (“Epidemic Diseases of the Great Famine.”). These foods included oats, bacon, eggs, butter, lard, pork, beef, and fresh salmon. And in return, the Brits ended up finally opening up a few soup kitchens for us, but of the couple thousand they had planned, only half were opened and in operation in early 1848. (“Soup Kitchens and Workhouses.”).
Topic: family

In late 1848 nearing 1849, I was now finally able to do some agricultural work again in the potato fields, as now the crop were healthy enough to use again. (“Fanning, Ronan, and John O’Beirne Ranelagh.”). The only downfall was that now the crops were only one-fourth its normal size. Because of this we had to resort to eating the seed potatoes and grain over the winter to stay alive. It seemed like all hope was to be lost again. That same year Britain passed the Extended Poor Law which shifted the cost of feeding the massive amounts of starving people and the maintenance of poorhouses to the Irish landowners. (“The Poor Law in Ireland.”). With this now in effect it made the eviction of tenant farmers like myself and my parents an efficient way for the landowner to lower his tax or poor rate. Between 1847 and 1851, the eviction rate rose tremendously and left thousands of people out of a house and job. (“The Poor Law in Ireland.”).
Topic: family

My family and I held on until June of 1849, when the owner of the Killiney estate, where I used to work as a young child, decided to burn down the cottages of other tenant farmers in our village. We all escaped with no injures thankfully, the old man that owned the estate had saw me and my parents as we walked down the street aimlessly and told us he was sorry for burning our houses, that it just had to be done. My father was passed mad and began to give him a piece of his mind. The man apologized but he offered to buy us passes to move to Britain, nice of him. My family and I survived in temporary shelters, until May 19, 1850, when we set off to board the next ship to Liverpool. We all climbed aboard the ship with the little bit of belongings we had. We were one family of many who were aboard, they all had a worried look in their eyes, wondering what was going to happen next. I too had the same worries·.
Topic: family

Piaget’s work (1958), has helped to inform my personal counselling practice in respect of deepening my understanding of how child development is an active process, which is not passive; rather, it gives meaning and strategy to human growth towards knowledge and intelligence, highlighting learning potential, as children are innately inquisitive and forever seeking to investigate; to find out how things work and what things do, through a process of curious experimentation and cognitive processing, through each of the developmental stages.
Topic: family

(Piaget, J. Henceforth, I have also become more self-aware when working in educational and psychological settings, in appreciatively evaluating a child in order to meet them appropriately where they are at. Consequently, I have learnt that it is important to remember that not all children will develop in a progressive linear tendency, it occurs therefore; that there is potential for harm, if teachers or child practitioners are viewing a child solely or rigidly through Piaget’s developmental theory, as tension will arise, should there be an expectation held that, children should progressively follow the expected trajectory, to the expected outcome, within the expected timeframe, hence a blind spot could potentially exist, around assumptions that children think and learn in the same terms as adults.
Topic: family

In the psychodynamic tradition the work of child psychoanalyst, John Bowlby (1907-1990), has helped to inform my personal practice; and has facilitated my understanding of how we are motivated by our attachment behavioural systems, and of how we attain our set goals of acquiring protection and security; of how we are activated by perceived threats to our secure base attachment figure. Bowlby’s attachment theory (1958), is therefore instrumental in terms of understanding how children respond to separation and losses; because of how they have experienced the responsiveness of earlier significant attachment figures. Bowlby, (1958), suggests that there is an instinctive psycho-biological element to a commonality shared in both humans and in animals, in that motive, as instinctual reactions can be displayed when attachment bonds are threatened. (Bowlby, J. (1975) Attachment and loss vol 2: Separation: Anxiety and Anger. Harmondsworth: Penquin).
Topic: family

For example: in the human attachment bond, in the maternal parent/child relationship, the potential is offered for either a secure or an insecure attachment experience for the child. This will be particularly formative in the first year of the child’s experience, because anguish at being separated form the secure base attachment figure, (the mother, or primary carer), can be evidenced in consequential instinctual reaction behaviours, of the child, demonstrated as crying, clinging or tantrums. (Bowlby. J, Attachment & Loss Vol 1: Attachment: Pimilico: 1997).
Topic: family

In considering this, I have learnt to appreciate the importance of understanding a child’s attachment style, which if weak, or damaged through trauma, there is a consequential danger of a child falling into a negative pattern of relating throughout life, as consequence of an Insecure attachment experience, whereby the bond with the primary attachment figure undergoes prolonged disruption, or perhaps un-restored severance. This would be of concern to me as a counsellor, because consequently, a child experiencing insecurity in respect of these types of interruptions and losses, in their early significant attachment relationship, is seen to exhibit distressed emotions and behaviours, as a result of trauma, which sadly, can be evidenced in a child becoming withdrawn, apathetic and possibly despairing. (Bowlby. J, Loss. Attachment & Loss, vol 3, Pimilco 1998. Styles of Attachment. Mary Ainsworth, (1913-1999), not only provided empirical evidence for Bowlby’s attachment theory; (1996), form her research on child attachment, derived from her “strange situation” experiment, (1970), but her findings also informed her own theory on attachment styles and how subsequently, a child can be at risk of developing a reliance on hyper-activating strategies, which can become embedded as a result of experiencing insecure feelings; which in turn drive or compel a child to seek closeness and protection form their significant attachment figure. ref· Ainsworth, and Bowlby, are known for their contributions to understanding child psychology, and how attachment theory and styles inform children’s responses.
Topic: family

For example: a child who experiences an ambivalent, unresponsive or neglectful responses to their emotional and or physical needs, can become hyper-sensitive to signs of rejection, and fears of abandonment. As a consequence, a child’s relating, or attachment style may be that they come to prefer or require distance from others, and they may experience a sense of awkwardness with closeness. They may learn to develop a self-serving nature, becoming highly focussed or concerned with their own personal goals and wanting to experience a sense of control or power. (Mooney, C. G. (2009). Theories of Attachment: An Introduction to to Bowlby, Ainsworth, Gerber, Brazelton, Kennell ad Klaus. Redleaf professional Library. Redleaf Press.
Topic: family

I have learnt the importance of not colluding with the idea, that a child is simply un-cooperative, wilfully naughty or behaving badly, because of their presenting dis-regulation. Rather; the presenting dis-refgualtion would need to be considered in view of the attachment style of the child, taking into account a range of factors, such as the child’s sociocultural circumstances and immediate family tree, alongside understanding the child and caregiver relating style.