ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: family

Advise Devi on the best ground of divorce and protection from Gandhi. Devi is also interested to know of her rights in adopting Tutti as a single parent. (20 marks) © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 4 LW/APR 2006/LAW470/581 PARTC QUESTION 1 Freddy and Jessica have been married for 20 years. Three years ago, Freddy and Jessica have been living in separate rooms in the matrimonial house. Both thought that living in the same house would be the best way to maintain their relationship with their children. Jessica continued to cook and clean for Freddy and the family.
Topic: family

A month ago, Freddy confronted with Jessica and told her of his intention to secure their relationship as good friends and has asked Jessica to file for divorce, which she has not contested to. They have a daughter, Sara who is 9 years old and a son, Jemiah, 18 years old, who is in his secondary school. Jemiah is an ambitious boy who wants to study in a recognized private college. Since marriage, Jessica does not work and has to stay home to raise the children. A year ago, Jessica started her studies in a college, where she has been working part-time in the college campus as a tutor.
Topic: family

Freddy had closed his joint account with Jessica a few years back and transferred the money into his personal account. Jessica has property which she bought before their marriage which Freddy has paid for improvements. Since Jessica knows that Freddy is very fond of Sara as he loves to bring her out every weekend to spend time together, she is afraid that Freddy would be successful in his claim of custody over Sara. On the other hand, Freddy had expressed his intention of non-maintaining Jemiah in his further education in the private college.
Topic: family

Jessica is not very sure of the best way to terminate her marriage and the requirement involved in the termination of the marriage and is very worried of her rights as to the custody of Sara and her shares in the property. Due to her own financial needs in her education, she is also concern over the maintenance of the children and herself. Advise her. (In your answer on the ground of divorce, discuss at least two grounds of divorce which may appear to be possible and decide as to which ground is the best, taking into consideration the situation above. ) (30 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL
Topic: family

Christians believe by the phrase ‘Sanctity of life’ that all life is special to God. They believe that life should not be treated badly or discarded thoughtlessly. Each human being is a separate, living person, with many rights, mainly the right to life. Christian’s beliefs about God as creator include the belief that all human beings are created as individuals. Every individual is unique, and there is no life like any other in the universe. Human beings have a special place in God’s eyes and in God’s creation.
Topic: family

There are many arguments in favour of abortion. Some people believe that the woman should have the right to choose what happens to her body. If the mother doesn’t want the baby then it will be brought into the world unwanted, which is wrong. Unwanted children may suffer rejection, abuse and would cause a lot of problems. Money might also be a problem. If the family can’t afford the baby, having it could lead them to poverty and the child would have to be taken into care.
Topic: family

If the mother didn’t want the baby surely they could spare its life and have it adopted by loving parents who would want it. Many couples today are unable to have children, so instead of having a lab-made baby wouldn’t it be easy for them to have a natural one. But adoption is not always an easy option. Sometimes when the mother opts for this she finds it hard to let the baby go. Also the new parents might not be that happy because the baby isn’t really theirs. Although it doesn’t really matter about blood relations, it might matter to some people. Another problem would be when the child was older. They might want to find their real parents and might end up hating the adopted parents for not telling them.
Topic: family

When God ordained the Ten Commandments, life was very different. Even though abortion, euthanasia and capital punishment existed, life’s value was less. Children died young and people could be struck down other bight by illness. Many times children were ‘disposed of’ when they were the wrong sex or disabled. People were used to death, life was cheaper. Nowadays, technologies in the western world mean that most people do not experience death, except that of elderly relatives. We are used to our children surviving into adulthood.
Topic: family

The Roman Catholic Church holds the biggest objection to all forms of contraception and abortion. The church teaches that abortion denies the biggest right of human beings- the right to exist! The destroying of a foetus means murder. Any catholic involved in an abortion, whether mother or medical practise may be excommunicated from the church and its sacraments. The church also doesn’t believe in sex before marriage. They believe marriage is to bring people together to have children. So if married women got pregnant she would have no need to have an abortion.
Topic: family

Other churches like the Methodists and the Anglicans believe that life does not begin until the baby is able to survive outside the womb. These Christians believe that abortion is an evil, which should be best avoided. An abortion could take place if it meant even greater evils were avoided by the abortion. An abortion can take place if the mother’s life was at all in any risk mentally or physically, if she was likely to give birth to a handicapped child or if the pregnancy was due to a rape.
Topic: family

But by bringing your children up in the Christian belief can it have the opposite effect? You could describe children as quite selfish, wanting their own way a lot of the time. “Fathers do not exasperate your children; instead bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord.” So the harder you push the religion on them it could just have the opposite effect. You should let them make their own mind up, most people like to feel accepted, by friends and family, if you go to church and just let them make their own mind up, most of the time children will accept the religion to be accepted to make them feel as if they are part of the family, to feel accepted.
Topic: family

I believe that if you are a Christian parent, and you believe in the faith 100%, and your life is definitely a Christian life, you should encourage your child to be a Christian, because you know that it is a good way to live, but you should never force your child. The Christian religion is does teach the right things but you should let them explore their own life, and let them make their own decisions, otherwise they will never be independent, they will never be free.
Topic: family

Discuss why, despite the seemingly benevolent role of the Welfare State in relation to families, its effects have been treated with suspicion by some family theorists. May 2003 Submitted by: – 0163330/1 Submitted to: – Chris Bell and Carl Jones Word Count: – 2500 words In this essay I am going to discuss why, despite the seemingly benevolent role of the Welfare State in relation to families, its effects have been treated with suspicion by some family theorists. I will look at how the Welfare State developed and why, then look at the way it has affected the family and study it from various theorists’ points of view.
Topic: family

Finally I will conclude by arguing whether or not the Welfare State plays a benevolent role in family life. The Welfare State is a ‘society in which the state, in the form of the government, accepts the responsibility of ensuring a minimum standard of living for all people as a right of citizenship’. (Lawson, 2000, P312) The Welfare State in Britain has its origins in the Poor Law, which provided relief for the poor, sick and elderly in the seventeenth century.
Topic: family

The Welfare State was based on three key principle- full employment, universal welfare and free health and education. Beveridge set up the Welfare State under the principle of universalism: all those who need help should receive it. However, Beveridge assumed that the need would decline because the Welfare State would eliminate need and want in society. Unfortunately he was misguided in this idea but could not have predicted many of the subsequent changes in society. Between 1945 and 1979 the Conservative and Labour governments Welfare State was key in supporting disadvantaged families.
Topic: family

They expressed the need for state intervention in family life in order to achieve equality for all families. This is known as ‘Welfarism’. The aim was to use the Welfare State to provide families with equality. This was to be achieved by the state intervening in people’s lives to give a more equal standard of living. Welfarism ‘is based on the view that impoverishment and disadvantage is not a matter of individual failure but a socially constructed condition characteristic of a stratified society and which needs social intervention to ameliorate it’.
Topic: family

After 1979, in the Thatcherite era it was much the opposite, New Right thinkers wanted less state intervention. They argued that the individual is responsible for their own successes or failures. ‘ The use of the Welfare State to promote welfarism now began to be seen as costly, unnecessary and morally repugnant political instrument which financially cripples the successful in order to feather-bed the lives of the disadvantaged members of society’. (Bilton, 1997, P497) When the Labour Party came into power in 1997 a new perspective was introduced called New Individualism.
Topic: family

Labour has focused on work as a way of lifting families out of poverty, rather than raise benefits from the Welfare State. The Welfare State can be viewed as taking a benevolent role in family life but this is not always the case. Some critics argue that the relations between family and the state are an agent of social control. Sociologist Gosta Esping-Andersen refers to Britain’s Welfare State system as a Liberal system. He argues that the state plays a limited role in family life; and the state only intervenes in family issues when there is a problem, which the family can not solve.
Topic: family

The Liberal Welfare State system tends to target a limited number of people who need help The Welfare State has affected families in many ways including mothering, the breakdown of the family and caring for the sick and elderly. A woman is expected to mother and care for her own child. The Welfare State only intervenes in this task after a disaster has struck. Benjamin Spook and Penelope Leach argue that Welfarism fails to support the mother, for fear of interfering with her rights. Women who are caring for children receive no income maintenance, although those caring for an adult dependent are entitled to a care allowance.
Topic: family

Nevertheless, this is not normally enough to cover the loss of wages. Also a high number of married women who have children are being forced to work. Women who do work are often receiving a lesser wage than a man. Married women are allocated the specific role in the Welfare State system as being both wife and mother. The state looks after the breadwinner, the man, and the breadwinner looks after his wife and children. This assumption has been used to justify the higher wage of the men and is also reflected in the Welfare State legislation.
Topic: family

Pateman (1989) argued that ‘men were treated by the British Welfare State as full citizens, but women as wives and mothers’. It could therefore be argued that the Welfare State fails to meet the needs of nuclear families. (Fulcher, 1999, P741) The Welfare State does provide families with children, Child Benefit. All parents receive this payment regardless of their income. This causes a matter of controversy because some families are more in need of the payment than others. There are advantages and disadvantages attached to universal child benefits.
Topic: family

What’s Best For Baby? John and Sue, having to return back to work, are having trouble making a decision on which of the two childcare facilities they want to enroll their 8 month-old little girl, Tyree, in. Tyree’s development needs much support, not only in forming a secure attachment, but also in developing her personality later in life. Early care influences the child’s path of psychological, social, and physical growth. Early childhood occurrences, mainly in the first three years of life, are very crucial.
Topic: family

Environmental factors affect the brain’s development, which can promote or discourage the ability to learn from adolescence through adulthood. A safe and healthy early childhood setting can also prevent cognitive and behavioral disorders later in life, in which some cannot be reversed. As in Eric Erikson’s theory of Psychosocial Development, the first stage (Trust vs. Mistrust) usually occurs between birth and one year of age and is the 1st stage in life.
Topic: family

In this stage, the child is completely dependent on the mother or caregiver and the development of trust depends on the quality and the dependability of the child’s caregiver. If the development of trust is a success, the child will feel safe and secure in its surroundings. Parents or caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or have a “rejecting” personality, promote the child having feelings of mistrust in others. If the child does not develop trust at this time, the child will think that the world is not a very safe place and feel afraid of its environment.
Topic: family

The second stage of Erikson’s theory of Psychosocial Development (Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt) happens during early childhood and is aimed at children developing a greater sense of personal control. Important events in this stage include gaining more control over food choices, toy preferences, and clothing selection (Bukatko, Danuta, 2008). Since childcare A has more toys in which to play with, and has a larger area to crawl and climb; the child will have a greater sense of self-control, which will help them successfully complete this stage. The child will feel more secure and confident, while the child that does not is usually left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt.
Topic: family

Swiss Psychologist Jean Piaget’s theory on child development is focused on the processes of cognitive development and states that the child is born with an unlearned state of mind to interact with and understand his/her environment. It is through interaction with others that the child actively constructs his/her development (Bukatko, Danuta, 2008). Thus, in Childcare A, the children will have a much greater opportunity to interact with the caretakers and therefore, have a greater fulfillment of their curiosity needs met.
Topic: family

Since Childcare A has a larger area for crawling and climbing, more activities, plus all the attention that the teachers give the child, it will better facilitate the proper motor development of the children that are in that facility. I believe that childcare A will be the best choice for Tyree, as well as the Parents John and Sue. Childcare A may have a larger cost than Childcare B, but it will benefit the child in many different ways that will be prudent for the child’s development.
Topic: family

Discuss ways in which current legislation and policy in childcare contribute to or work against ‘child-centred practice’ in social work. How do children’s rights issues impact on this debate? The main principle of ‘child-centred practice’ is to set the welfare, rights and needs of the child as the primary focus when dealing with children and young people (hereafter referred to as ‘the child or ‘children’ for simplicity). This approach seeks to minimise the power imbalance between children and adults and to take account of the wishes, opinions and rights of the child to have an input in decisions which will impact on their lives.
Topic: family

There has been evidence in the past of the failure of social services to properly address issues of child centred practice and children’s rights issues and that this has had a derogatory effect on children, particularly ‘looked after’ children and children in need. The ‘Lost in Care’ Report of the Tribunal of Inquiry into the Abuse of Children in Care in the Former County Council Areas of Gwynedd and Clwyd since 1974 (Department of Health) looked into allegations of abuse of looked after children and how these allegations had been dealt with.
Topic: family

The report found many instances where the rights of children had been disregarded; where children hadn’t been listened to and where no proper consultation had been carried out with children. Kay (2001) argues that until quite recently children didn’t really have individual right at all but that rights were “conferred via their parents” (pg 14). This meant that decisions could be made about what was ‘best’ for the child without having to consider the wishes or opinions of the child.
Topic: family

Children were seen as the ‘property’ of their parents and the overriding philosophy was one of ‘parental rights’ rather than parental responsibility (Kay 2001). Children all over the world suffer from neglect and abuse because of the failure of adults to protect children and accord them with basic human rights. During the last few years in the UK, as advancements have been made in human rights and civil rights, so there have been advancements in the rights of the child, with more and more weight being accorded in law to the rights of the child.
Topic: family

The principles of the Convention include “the belief that children have equal rights to adults and that adults have a responsibility to ensure that children’s rights and welfare are safeguarded and promoted” (Kay, 2001: 13). The question of ‘children’s rights’ can be difficult to negotiate because of age-related issues. On the one hand there is the argument that children are simply ‘miniature adults’ and therefore should be accorded the same rights and considerations as any other (adult) citizen.
Topic: family

Organisations such as Childline and Children’s Rights Alliance for England (CRAE, 2002) seek to forward the interests and rights of the child by working from the basic assumptions that children are oppressed by the childcare system and that “adults should not have power” over children (Parrott, 1999: 9) Apart from child protection and court proceedings there is evidence of child centred practice in a range of other fields, for example, in education – with the increasing use of ‘mentoring’ schemes for children who are having problems at school.
Topic: family

Organisations, such as those mentioned above, seek to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and to educate and help children and young people to put into practice their rights in order to improve their lives. Clearly, though, children do not have the same legal status as adults in UK law. There are certain ages at which children are deemed to be of an age to engage in certain activities, for example, voting, having sexual intercourse, driving a car, etc.
Topic: family

The fact that children are dependent on adults, not only because of their lack of legal status but also because of their level of development and need for protection makes it inevitable that there will be a power imbalance. Rather than seeing children as ‘miniature adults, one could argue that children are qualitatively different to adults because they do not have the experience that adults have and therefore are not able to exercise the same level of judgement as adults which makes then vulnerable. This is compounded by the fact that children of different ages will have more or less experience and judgement.
Topic: family

Another aspect to this argument is that levels of understanding or ‘maturity’ vary between different children of the same age. The Children Act 1989 is the main piece of legislation that relates to children, and the piece of legislation that will shape the policies and procedures of any organisation or individual who works with children. It was introduced because previously the laws relating to children were often fragmented, out of date and extremely difficult to implement (Mullally, 1994). The Children Act was meant to consolidate the law for the ultimate benefit of children.
Topic: family

Visual Sense (Sense of Sight) is the first sense that connects the child with his/her surroundings. The child perceives sizes, shapes, colours, forms through his/her eyes. The first activity in Montessori’s Sensorial Training is to enhance the child’s Visual Sense – Sense of Sight. List of activities under Visual Training in Sensorial are Knobbed Cylinders, Pink Tower, Brown Stairs, Long Rods, Knobless Cylinders.
Topic: family

Control of Error in all these activities are in the materials itself and helps the child to identify and get self-awareness of his/her own mistakes. For example, in knobbed cylinder exercise, if the cylinder does not fit into the knob or if it disappears in it, the child will be able to understand by seeing it and can correct it. Hence, these exercises also make the child to be more independent. These exercises of picking the knob and placing it in the frame, holding the cubes and building a tower, improves the pincer skills in children thus preparing them for future writing.
Topic: family

Apart from touch, through baric tablets activity under stereognostic sense activity, children are introduced to the concept of weight too in Tactile Training. Child is taught to use his whole hand to weigh the tablets. One more activity, mystery bag under stereognostic sense, helps the child to feel the object by moving his hands and match the objects without seeing them and just by touching. Thermic sense is developed in children under the thermic tablets and thermic bottles activity.
Topic: family

Again, matching activities are performed blindfolded to make the child concentrate more on particular touch, sense it and then match thus involving moving the hands and feeling the touch. Tactile training in Montessori classroom thus enhances child’s thermic sense, perception of weight, understanding of different textures, and different shapes. Mystery bag prepares the child for future mathematical work and thermic sense enhances the child’s understanding of different temperatures in the environment thus making the child be alert in future.
Topic: family

Monitoring a child at play for 1 hour. Child behavior, normal growth and development characteristics, falling during play time noticed during the observation. The early years of a child’s life are crucial for cognitive, social and emotional development. Therefore, it is important that we take every step necessary to ensure that children grow up in environments where their social, emotional and educational needs are met. Children grow, develop, and learn throughout their lives from birth and infancy to adulthood.
Topic: family

They learn everything step by step; they may or may not do everything in the same way or at the same time. Every child is influenced by his or her environment and the experiences he or she has. I observed a child for one hour while the child was playing. My neighbor Mrs. Jagge gave me permission to let me observe her 3 year old son Partap for one hour. I went to there house around 4 o’clock on Sunday evening.
Topic: family

First Pratap was kind of shy from me but when I started talking to him; he got comfortable around me and started playing again. Game 1 Both siblings were already playing in the backyard. They were passing the ball to each other. They were using a small Frisbee as well. They both were standing on the floor around 4 feet away from each other in their back yard. Partap was throwing the ball towards Hargun and than Hargun would throw it back to Partap and the role of Frisbee in game was that the Frisbee will go on the head of the person who is not able to catch the ball.
Topic: family

They played this game for quite a while and than they got bored with it and stopped playing with ball and Frisbee and came inside the house when mother asked them to do so. Game 2 Partap brought all four chairs of their dining table together. The all four chairs were upside down so the legs of the chair were upside and the seats were on the floor. He put the chairs all around and put a bed sheet on top of the chairs. Now the chairs were set up like a house. Both siblings were sitting inside the chairs that means inside their house. They brought few utensils such a heating pots, spoons.
Topic: family

They were pretending that they are cooking some thing. Partap came up to me and asked me if I want a pizza and I said yes sure. He went inside the chairs and started pretending like he is making a pizza. After few minutes he came out of the chairs and said, “here pizza” and placed his empty hand in front of me. I said thank you. He went to his mom and offered her pizza. After serving the pizza he ran to family room and came back in about 2 minutes and his mom asked him why did he go? He replied, “Mango wants pizza so I went to see him. ” Mango is his imaginary friend. He came back and asked me, “is it good? and I said yes, can I have more? He replied, “No, there is no more left, come tomorrow I’ll make you more. ” Game 1 observation Both siblings were playing together. The 3 to 4 year old exhibits cooperative play, in which a group of children can cooperate by playing out a scene together. I noticed Hargun was trying to copy Partap. Partap made that game up. He was using the ball and the Frisbee together. He engaged her little sister in the game as well. He was talking care of her by throwing the ball softly towards her. Children learn a lot from each other. Game 2 observation
Topic: family

In the game 2 I noticed that Partap was doing things that his mom does. Children learn from parents, they try to do everything they see their parents are doing. According to Kohlberg, learning self-control and learning to share with others are moral tasks of early childhood. Preschoolers look carefully at parents as models of moral behavior, and the same thing is acted by the children in their play. Children must organize and synthesize whatever they see at home, outside, and on the television. Another very interesting thing I noticed in Partap was taking to his imaginary friend known as Mango.
Topic: family

His mom told me that since he doesn’t go to school yet so he made some imaginary school friends that talks too sometime. Partap fell few times while paying 1st game while running to pick up the ball if it is thrown away by Hargun in the different direction. These falls were very minor and normal. One thing I suggested to Jagge was not go up to Partap each time when ever he falls. Because such falls are very normal within the growth and development characteristics and these falls are age appropriate. My impression of the child I felt the child is very well disciplined.
Topic: family

He was doing things that were seen by him at his house. He was taking care of her younger sister. Offering pizza to everyone. He came inside the house when asked to do so. He was making up the games and playing with her younger sister. 4 year old Partap is developing greater self-control and ingenuity. His pretend play is more complex and imaginative and can be sustained for longer period. He can also make plans and complete tasks. He want to try new experiences. he also want to be more self-reliant and seek to expand the areas of his life where he can be independent decision-maker.
Topic: family

Child Study Project Monitoring a child at play for 1 hour. Child behavior, normal growth and development characteristics, falling during play time noticed during the observation. The early years of a child’s life are crucial for cognitive, social and emotional development. Therefore, it is important that we take every step necessary to ensure that children grow up in environments where their social, emotional and educational needs are met. Children grow, develop, and learn throughout their lives from birth and infancy to adulthood.
Topic: family

Every child’s development is different and complex. They learn everything step by step; they may or may not do everything in the same way or at the same time. Every child is influenced by his or her environment and the experiences he or she has. I observed a child for one hour while the child was playing. My neighbor Mrs. Jagge gave me permission to let me observe her 3 year old son Partap for one hour. I went to there house around 4 o’clock on Sunday evening. When I entered their house,Partap and his younger sister Hargun 3year old were already playing.
Topic: family

First Pratap was kind of shy from me but when I started talking to him; he got comfortable around me and started playing again. Game 1 Both siblings were already playing in the backyard. They were passing the ball to each other. They were using a small Frisbee as well. They both were standing on the floor around 4 feet away from each other in their back yard. Partap was throwing the ball towards Hargun and than Hargun would throw it back to Partap and the role of Frisbee in game was that the Frisbee will go on the head of the person who is not able to catch the ball. Partap made that game up.
Topic: family

They were pretending that they are cooking some thing. Partap came up to me and asked me if I want a pizza and I said yes sure. He went inside the chairs and started pretending like he is making a pizza. After few minutes he came out of the chairs and said, “here pizza” and placed his empty hand in front of me. I said thank you. He went to his mom and offered her pizza. After serving the pizza he ran to family room and came back in about 2 minutes and his mom asked him why did he go? He replied, “Mango wants pizza so I went to see him. ” Mango is his imaginary friend. He came back and asked me, “is it good? and I said yes, can I have more? He replied, “No, there is no more left, come tomorrow I’ll make you more. ” Game 1 observation Both siblings were playing together. The 3 to 4 year old exhibits cooperative play, in which a group of children can cooperate by playing out a scene together. I noticed Hargun was trying to copy Partap. Partap made that game up. He was using the ball and the Frisbee together. He engaged her little sister in the game as well. He was talking care of her by throwing the ball softly towards her. Children learn a lot from each other.
Topic: family

Game 2 observation. In the game 2 I noticed that Partap was doing things that his mom does. Children learn from parents, they try to do everything they see their parents are doing. According to Kohlberg, learning self-control and learning to share with others are moral tasks of early childhood. Preschoolers look carefully at parents as models of moral behavior, and the same thing is acted by the children in their play. Children must organize and synthesize whatever they see at home, outside, and on the television. Another very interesting thing I noticed in Partap was taking to his imaginary friend known as Mango.
Topic: family

1. The article is questioning how personality can shape the social behavior between parent-adolescent relationships. “There is robust evidence that early emerging individual differences in personality shape how people experience and respond to a wide variety of developmental tasks. ” (De Haan, A. D. , Dekovic, M. , & Prinzie, P. 2012). The researchers scrutinized the Big Five characteristics do further develop data within the study. This study aimed to improve the knowledge base on how personality shapes behaviors, by examining the relative longitudinal impact of parental Big Five characteristics and adolescent Big Five characteristics on two types of parenting behaviors, measured 2 years later.
Topic: family

Researchers have found that child personality characteristics are provoked by behaviors from the environment, due to the direct interrelations between personality characteristics and temperament. 2. The authors, De Haan, Dekovic, and Prinzie, predicted that the relations of parental personality characteristics are less strongly in correlations to parenting if adolescents have easier personalities. “We expected that, overall, parental personality is more relevant for the explanation of parenting than adolescent personality.
Topic: family

The researchers had the adolescents rate their own personality, using the Hierarchical Personality Inventory characteristics, at Time 1. “The Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children is a comprehensive personality inventory that assesses individual differences among children in 144 items. ” (De Haan, A. D. , Dekovic, M. , & Prinzie, P. 2012). At Time 2 the researchers rated “Overreactivity”, which was a measurement that consisted of nine items and measures parents’ response to anger, frustration, meanness, irritation, and their impatience to “problematic behavior of children” (De Haan, A. D. , Dekovic, M. & Prinzie, P. 2012). Also during Time 2, warmth was assessed, using a questionnaire and scale which assessed parents’ frequency to provide warm behavior to their child, (showing affection, holding, hugging, and kissing). 5. The researchers found that lower overreactivity was in correlation with higher Extraversion, Agreeableness, and more stable emotions. It was also found that warmth is in correlation with higher adolescent Extraversion, Conscientiousness and agreeableness.
Topic: family

Therefor the correlations imply that several adolescent and parental personality characteristics may be applicable to parenting. Overall, parents’ own personality was more relevant than adolescent personality for the explanation of overreactivity. In contrast, a similar amount of variance in warmth was explained by adolescent personality as by parental personality. ” (De Haan, A. D. , Dekovic, M. , & Prinzie, P. 2012). The study concluded that certain personality characteristics from both the parent and adolescent prompt certain behaviors.
Topic: family

This result supported the researchers’ hypothesis that parental personality holds relevance to adolescents’ personality. 6. The main limitation to this study is that the researchers relied on information from the previous and future experiments, and the research could have engaged in a repeated measure design to become more informed on the information relevant to the study. 7. I chose this article because I found the study to be very interesting and I was intrigued to learn about the correlation between parental and adolescent personality. I was also eager to be informed on the how the way my parents parental personality affected my characteristics and shaped my personality.
Topic: family

Yet others argue Victorian children should have been quite content, given the fact that they were treated to only the best of toys, clothes and education and it was absurd to even consider the child being neglected. Mothers and Fathers were seen as special, glamorous guests, due to the fact that they were never around and rarely seen by their children. This was because child and parent led totally separate existences, they were only summoned to appear before their parents at a certain set hour of the day.
Topic: family

The wages of children was lowly relating to this dangerous work undertaken. At Quarry Bank Mill, children under 13 were paid as little as 1 to 3 shillings a week: As opposed to 3s/9d to 4s/2d in Manchester Towns. The mills in Manchester paid their workers a much higher wage than the Greg paid his at Styal. The wage gap could be explained by the free schooling, access to a doctor and adequate living conditions, the apprentices in Manchester didn’t have access to these ‘luxuries’.
Topic: family

The working day was long and dangerous for child textile workers. The severity often led to injuries and deaths towards the end of the working day as children became tired and lazy. At Litton Mill, Derbyshire, the working day was described as, “from before five in morning until nine or ten at night, no time allowed away for meals.” It was not uncommon for workers to be forced to labour for fourteen hours or more with minimal breaks, working around large, dangerous machinery.
Topic: family

In 1833 Samuel Greg told the factories commission that his machinery was fenced off, this to Greg’s credit was not compulsory till 1844. On the other hand, there was work for children that involved crawling under the machines whilst in movement and so injuries were commonplace. At the same factories commission in 1833, Greg said that there had been only one death at the machinery’s hands, that of John Bowden. Source E depicts a busy, loud, mule spinning factory: And shows the dangerous machines in operation. Quarry Bank Mill was therefore safer to work in than most mills that wouldn’t have fenced machinery, but safety for children working in textile mills in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth was bad and little was done to ensure their health and safety at work.
Topic: family

In 1837, Robert Hyde Greg estimated the mortality rates were around 7 per 1,000. This compares favourably to 33 per 1,000 in Manchester. Samuel Greg established a Sick Club and a Female Society (to assist with the problems of childbirth). Membership of this Sick Club was compulsory, a farthing was taken off each shilling of a workers wages, and this paid for a doctor. This was good for both the workers and Greg as it increased productivity. On the other hand, Turner Thackrah, a man campaigning for an improvement in occupational health wrote, “I stood … and observed the streams of operatives as they left the mill.
Topic: family

The children were ill-looking, small, sickly barefooted and ill-clad… there I saw a degenerate race, stunted and enfeebled – children that were never to be healthy adults” about children leaving Oxford Mill, Manchester in 1832. Source A was written by Fredrick Engles. Engles was a writer and campaigner for the rights of the labouring classes. He visited Quarry Bank Mill in 1845 and described, “the lofty airy rooms, the fine machinery, here and there healthy operatives”. But, suspicious, he also describes how, “the presence of the employer keeps you from asking indiscreet questions… you begin to be converted from your exaggerated ideas of misery and starvation”.
Topic: family

Engles, a socialist campaigner, has a biased and exaggerated view on working conditions in textile mills and is deeply suspicious of a cover-up at Quarry Bank. This source is a first hand account but can be discounted because it is bias and trying to boost Engles campaign for the rights of the working class. By this comparison the workers of mills in Manchester were ill and weak compared to the people of Styal who were healthy. Although they suffered from heat, dust and noise of the mill the doctor and rural environment were in their favour, life expectancy and quality of life was better at Styal as opposed to Manchester.
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Quarry Bank Mill wasn’t common and therefore can’t be used to give a substantiated or universally applied answer as to what conditions in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were like for children working in textile mills. Source C seems the most impartial and rounded view on child labour as it is taken from a modern book, with the advantage of hindsight, and was written by a bias-free modern historian, Pauline Gregg. Gregg explains, “To the cotton master the apprentice children were as much his property as the machines they tended. Kind treatment did not pay. It was more economical to work one batch out then get another.”
Topic: family

This certainly didn’t represent Styal and so Styal was conclusively not typical. Samuel Greg looked after his child employees by providing a doctor, schooling and treating them well and generously. Samuel Greg believed this was economical, and not “to work one batch out and then get another”. This may be one of the reasons Quarry Bank Mill was a successful business venture. Pauline Gregg later goes on to describe, “stories of the treatment of the children while at work were sickening.
Topic: family

They suffered constant flogging to keep them awake. One boy as a punishment was hung by his wrists over moving machinery, so that he was compelled to hold his legs up to avoid mutilation.” This is far from Source D’s description of punishments at Styal; punishments at Styal were liberal, far lighter and less brutal. At Quarry Bank Mill, age starting, hours worked, safety, death rates, and treatment were all preferable to the mills I have compared it too. The sources and a visit to Quarry Bank aren’t sufficient to find a rounded answer, about child labouring conditions in textile mills.
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In stanza one the reader is introduced to an excited boy readily taking in a new experience as he captures a grasshopper. The enjambment is quite uniform in this first section, suggesting a link with the emotional state of the child – stable happiness. Druce uses alliteration of ‘h’ sound in the opening line of the poem, “he cannot hold his hand huge enough.” This shows that it is something difficult to grasp, as the sentence suggests, and the ‘h’ sounds, rather hard to say altogether, further empahsises the pleasant struggle of a child to take in the awe.
Topic: family

The poet also uses diction, for example the boy ‘races’ back to his mother, ready to share his pride and achievement. The poet’s diction use conveys the child’s urgency, and is perhaps used to suggest his magnification of a small, exciting amusement. The boy runs through a ‘shrieking’ meadow, and again, the personification allows the reader to understand the child’s look on the world – childish fun and uncontrolled excitement, which is when a shriek is likely to occur. The poet also uses punctuation in the 5th line, and explanation mark in the middle; ‘look! to his mother,” which adds a jerk of excitement in an otherwise short and emotionless line. This gives additional emphasis on the excitement, playful and unpredictable tone of the first section. [b]
Topic: family

The second section of the poem shows the boy’s realisation to the grasshoppers ‘death’, and his shift to sadness. Druce uses enjambment along with imagery to provoke reader sympathy for the boy, particularly in the lines; “its dead struts snapped even the brittle lidless eyes crushed into the tangle”. We too experience the sadness, and the detailed description using such refined words really puts the reader in the child’s view. The elongated statements allow for the reader to take in the slow, sad pace and the experience already seems increasingly gloomy. Again, sensory imagery is used to show this increased sadness in the line; “Sunlight and the landscape flood away in tears.”
Topic: family

The personification evokes a strong emotional image. Nature drowning in human sadness, and also rather fittingly, sadness ruining the view of nature, which in context of the poem make sense as the child’s sadness prevented him from seeing the grasshopper was alive immediately. We also see the childlike approach to the sadness, as the poet uses words such as “dare not” and “will not”. This diction is strong and somewhat confronting to a child as they are direct statements of truth as such. The security in being told what is going to happen and the inner reassurance echo the behaviors of children. In context of the whole line, we get a sense of the boy hiding and these imperative words give the reader a sense of the confidence the boy places in hiding, and the thought that it will make the sadness better, a common childlike view.
Topic: family

There is here on another shift in the child’s emotion, a shift from the second section of sadness, to a third section of guilt. The most outstanding literary feature is Druce’s use of enjambment in the isolation of “throbs”. This isolation highlights the word and its connotations; the after pain, the reminder. The insect ‘throbs and is latched…’ which immediately suggests the child’s guilt of hurting the insect, and the guilt of thinking its dead, throbbing so boldly. The use of the word ‘O’ suggests despair, and again, isolated in enjambment is highlighted. Juxtaposition is seen when the two contrasting words “rage and “relief” are used to describe his weeps. The child cannot control his emotions, and is sick with the feeling of guilt. The childish ways are also bought into this section, as the poet uses words such as “undead” and “magic” which are childlike, and naïve. Magic shows how the child cannot understand, as he jumps to the conclusion that it just ‘happens’ as magic does.
Topic: family

As the poet is an adult, he can see beyond the grasshopper ‘incident’ and into a easy realisation, but the child in the poem struggles to go beyond, and is still in the process of learning in hope to understand nature. In this fourth section, we see an emotion shift of guilt to betrayal displaying this confusion. We can again see the use of diction, and the imperative tone; “He must not have tears torn from him by petty trickery”, which shows the defensive approach to the grasshoppers tricks. We are then finally presented with another form of sensory imagery putting the reader in the shoes of the child – shoes which very evidently resent the previous feelings of sadness and guilt; “He could snatch the creature up and shatter it for leaving him so naked”. It is moving, and significant in creating the insect as the ‘creature’ needing to be killed. In context we can see that the boy doesn’t like this feeling of guilt for nothing, and so this image allows the reader to connect to this harsh, sudden feeling of hatred by using ‘snatch’ and ‘shatter’, as readers we connect this resent and revenge to betrayal.
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A human rights pact called United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ( UNCROC ) sets out civil, societal, cultural and political rights of every kid. Every Member State will be bound to follow the pact and study to the United Nations Committee on the province of kids in the State one time in every five old ages. In add-on to these policy positions, there are besides facets of planning that affect the experience of turning up in metropoliss and entree of the younger coevals to chances for healthy development. Governments at all degrees, including local governments, should go on to place the best patterns, and should seek to implement them for the rights and well-being of kids. The Millennium Development Goals, approved by universe leaders in 2002, specify assorted marks related specifically to kids, including a decrease in kid mortality and accomplishment of cosmopolitan primary instruction, to be attained by 2015.
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• Physical environments, including land usage mix, transit web, lodging, and community installations, that respond to the peculiar demands and concerns of kids like, safe traversing zones on the manner to school ; safe drama infinites ; lavatories that are child-friendly. Aspects of infirmaries, schools, conveyance systems, traffic direction, Parkss, common infinite, H2O supply, waste remotion, and the similar, that help to do metropoliss more child friendly.
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Other foreign countries such as Japan, do not allow young students to express their true thoughts. True, they might be able to add or subtract numbers at a very young age, but they may never find out, who they really are. Ho uses his high school years as an example. In his homeland of Indonesia he was only able to answer a question when asked. His 6 year old son, brought up in California, at a very young age is able to express his ideas and emotions, even if they differ from the truth.
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If you was in the same position as Andy and Elle, you would want someone to help you. All it takes is a small donation of ï¿½3 a month. The money will be used towards the kids for more facilities, toys, clothes and the equipment that is required to take care of them. Your small donation could help change millions of poor abused lives and make these children smile again. Just to think that the world has come to beaten, abused and neglected kids today is horrifying.