Topic: diversity

This helps explain why they are risk-takers. For example, a young girl may believe she can smoke cigarettes without becoming addicted. ? Preteens and teens believe they are the centre of attention. This explains why they are painfully self-conscious–a tiny pimple may seem like the end of the world. Between fifteen and seventeen ? Teens are better able to solve problems, think about their future, appreciate opinions of others and understand the long-term effects of their decisions. However, teens tend to use these skills inconsistently; as a result, they sometimes do things without thinking first. Teens’ organizational skills improve. Many successfully juggle school, outside activities, and work. ? In an attempt to answer the questions “Who am I? ” and “What should I be? ” teens listen to new music, try out clothing fashions, and begin to explore jobs, religion, political issues, and social causes. ? Teens frequently question and challenge school and parental rules. Language development for children aged 0 to 3 includes making a variety of sounds. Happy ones. Children respond to music, sounds of animals, will try to mimic them especially sounds made by carer. By one ? Recognizes name Says 2-3 words besides “mama” and “dada” ? Imitates familiar words ? Understands simple instructions ? Recognizes words as symbols for objects: Car – points to garage, cat – meows Between one and two ? Understands “no” ? Uses 10 to 20 words, including names ? Combines two words such as “daddy bye-bye” ? Waves good-bye and plays pat-a-cake ? Makes the “sounds” of familiar animals ? Gives a toy when asked ? Uses words such as “more” to make wants known ? Points to his or her toes, eyes, and nose ? Brings object from another room when asked Between two and three ? Identifies body parts ? Carries on ‘conversation’ with self and dolls Asks “what’s that? ” And “where’s my? ” ? Uses 2-word negative phrases such as “no want”. ? Forms some plurals by adding “s”; book, books ? Has a 450 word vocabulary ? Gives first name, holds up fingers to tell age ? Combines nouns and verbs “mommy go” ? Understands simple time concepts: “last night”, “tomorrow” ? Refers to self as “me” rather than by name ? Tries to get adult attention: “watch me” ? Likes to hear same story repeated ? May say “no” when means “yes” ? Talks to other children as well as adults ? Solves problems by talking instead of hitting or crying ? Answers “where” questions Names common pictures and things ? Uses short sentences like “me want more” or “me want cookie” ? Matches 3-4 colours, knows big and little Between three and four ? Can tell a story ? Has a sentence length of 4-5 words ? Has a vocabulary of nearly 1000 words ? Names at least one colour ? Understands “yesterday,” “summer”, “lunchtime”, “tonight”, “little-big” ? Begins to obey requests like “put the block under the chair” ? Knows his or her last name, name of street on which he/she lives and several nursery rhymes Between four and five ? Has sentence length of 4-5 words ? Uses past tense correctly Has a vocabulary of nearly 1500 words ? Points to colours red, blue, yellow and green ? Identifies triangles, circles and squares ? Understands “In the morning” , “next”, “noontime” ? Can speak of imaginary conditions such as “I hope” ? Asks many questions, asks “who? ” And “why? ” Between five and six ? Has a sentence length of 5-6 words ? Has a vocabulary of around 2000 words ? Defines objects by their use (you eat with a fork) and can tell what objects are made of ? Knows spatial relations like “on top”, “behind”, “far” and “near” ? Knows her address ? Identifies a penny, nickel and dime Knows common opposites like “big/little” ? Understands “same” and “different” ? Counts ten objects ? Asks questions for information ? Distinguished left and right hand in herself ? Uses all types of sentences, for example “let’s go to the store after we eat” Between six and seven ? Names some letters, numbers, and currencies ? Sequences numbers ? Understands left and right ? Uses increasingly more completes descriptions ? Engages in conversations ? Has a receptive vocabulary of approximately 20,000 words ? Uses a sentence length of approximately 6 words ? Understands most temporal concepts Recites the alphabet ? Counts to 100 by rote ? Uses most morphologic markers appropriately ? Uses passive voice appropriately Between seven and eleven Children develop skills at different rates, but beyond 8 years, usually children will: ? Use language to predict and draw conclusions. ? Use long and complex sentences. ? Understand other points of view and show that they agree or disagree. ? Understand comparative words e. g. ‘it was earlier than yesterday’. ? Keeps a conversation going by giving reasons and explaining choices ? Start conversations with adults and children they don’t know. Understand and use passive sentences e. g. “the thief is chased by the policeman”. Between eleven and forteen ? Use longer sentences; usually 7-12 words or more ? Know how to use sarcasm. ? Know when others are being sarcastic to them ? Be able to change topic well in conversations. ? Use more subtle and witty humour. ? Shows some understanding of idioms, such as “put your money where your mouth is! ” ? Know that they talk differently to friends than to teachers. ? Understand and use slang terms with friends. They keep up with rapidly changing ‘street talk’ Between forteen and seventeen