ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: family

Another theory proposed is the psychoanalytic theory, which was introduced early in the twentieth century by Sigmund Freud, has been critiqued and modified in different ways ever since. It states that per-adolescent is a time of plasticity, and consequently, parent-child interactions have profound effects on children’s later functioning. The theory utilized the concept of libido as a driving force for the actions and motives implicated by this age group. Psychoanalysts view parents as agents of control in the early years and sources of moral values on identification. Thus, parents play a major role in shaping children’s morality, although sometimes it can be unintentional (Bornstein, 2002 p.109).
Topic: family

theory, the parents are viewed as the primary goal-directing unit that is interdependent to one another. The theory views the family as a relatively open or closed system; that is, the family interacts, to a greater or lesser extent, with other systems (Engrebretson & Littleton, 2002 p.63). The family is viewed as an organized completely comprised of related elements and subsystems. As such, t has properties that are not reducible to its constituent parts.
Topic: family

Most notably, the family system has a hierarchy denoting the power relations among members and boundaries that demarcate and define the rules for interactions between subsystems. Finally, families are open systems that are influenced by events occurring in their environment. Families consistently and progressively change as they adapt to these outside forces, as well as to internal forces such as the development of their individual members. However, in the case of single parenting, the primary directing unit is impaired (Bornstein, 2002 p.109).
Topic: family

In the research conducted by Murry and his colleagues (2002) indicates small differences in social-emotional and academic functioning between preschool and pre-adolescent groups from single-parent families. Specifically, pre-adolescent children residing in single-parent households, exhibited slight elevations in reported behavioral problems and poor conflict management techniques, as well as reductions in social skills and academic achievement compared to youth from two-parent families. However, according to their studies, when income level is controlled, such differences dissipate (Lee, 2005 p. 506).
Topic: family

The rate of single-parent families is increasing in the United States with the last dated rate of 19% in 1999. It is expected by the theorists that such increase will continue in future due to various interacting factors in the environment, such as increased rate of divorce, separation, etc. Single-parent families are mostly above 18 years old since, only 29% of them are rated to be below 18 years old, which depicts probable lesser count in pre-adolescents. According to the theoretical principles of Erikson, pre-adolescents or children in the 12-year-old age group, which is in the stage of identity search, are very much conscious, sensitive and very much particular in the perception of their social environment towards them.
Topic: family

Utilizing now the theoretical principles of behavioral theory, we have noted that behaviors are primarily molded in homes by the interacting forces, and one of the main units is the parenthood. If this familial unit is impaired, insecurity and behavioral problems results among pre-adolescent as caused by either social ridicule, personal decrease of self-esteem, etc. With the impaired family, behavioral identity of these children is impaired as well as supported by the psychosocial theory of Erikson.
Topic: family

In addition, the psychoanalytic theory of Freud mentioned that parental gender is essential to the development of moral principles of the child; hence, comes with behavioral problems is the impairment of moral judgment. Growing in a single-parent family may cause them to carry the effects until they grow old implicating probable negative and positive effects. As for the theory of family systems, the guiding unit is very much impaired resulting in the probable faulty correction or inadequate disciplinary subsystems for the child’s behavioral and moral deficit.
Topic: family

Paraphrase: Normally the nuclear family is the ideal family in American society, which consists of a husband, wife, and their children whom they had together. In today’s society there have been some radical changes in the country’s family structures. Most families now are single-parent families. Summary: Over the past couple decades; the choosing of being a single-parent family has become more common. The nuclear family is looked upon as the ideal family that now rarely happens. In today’s society the nuclear family consists of mother and step dad, or father and step mom and their children whom they had together or with someone else.
Topic: family

2. The Effects of a Single Parent on Society. By: Florencesa Paraphrase: Single-parent families are higher risk of poverty then two-parent families are. In 2002 many single families earned less than $30,000 per year compared to two-parent families, which earned more than $75,000 per year according to HealthOfChildren.com. Children who come from a single-parent family are usually quicker to engage in sexual activity, the thought of having that one person to love them. However, children who come from single-parent homes have greater psychiatric problems than those who are from a two-parent family. In research at lease 80% of children come from fatherless homes. Summary: Children who come from a single-parent home have higher risks of poverty in their family, engage in more sexual activity, and have greater psychiatric problems. 80% of children come from fatherless homes.
Topic: family

3. Traditional Nuclear Family vs. Blended Family, By: Kristy Jackson. Paraphrase: In a traditional family consists of a married couple and then their biological children. If a child lives in a traditional family and if siblings are present, only full siblings and no others are in the household. A blended family or blended household includes at least one step parent, stepsiblings, or half-siblings and then one biological parent. Researchers have come up with that children of blended families do worse on average then children who come from the traditional family. They found that children from blended families score lower on measures of academic achievement, conduct, and the quality of mother-child and father-child relationships. But those children from then traditional family are not better off in the long run. Summary: Some researchers have come to conclusion that those children who come from blended families score lower on measures of academic achievement, conduct, and the quality of that mother-child and father-child relationship, but with the children from the traditional family will not end up better in the long run, due to the suffer from pre-divorce stress.
Topic: family

4. Federal Report Confirms ‘Nuclear Family’ Best for Children’s Health. Paraphrase: Children living in single-parent families had higher prevalence rates than children in nuclear families for the various health conditions. However, when compared with children living in other nonnuclear families, children in single-parent families generally exhibited similar rates with respect to child health, access to care, and emotional or behavioral difficulties. Other nonnuclear families in which the children were being raised by at least two adults. These other “two-adult” households, however, resulted in child outcomes more comparable to the single-parent families than to the “nuclear” mother-father families. Summary: Children who come from single-parent families seem to have more problems than children in nuclear families because of their health, and emotional or behavioral difficulties. The children who were raised by two adults but not their biological parents still result in the same situation as the children raised by one parent.
Topic: family

5. The Impact of Family Formation Change on the Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Well-Being of the Next Generation Paraphrase: Some people ask why Single-parent families put children at risk. Researchers have some theories to explain why children growing up with single-parents have elevated risks at experiencing cognitive, social, and emotional problems. When growing up in single-parent families, most will look to the economic and parental resources available to the children or the stressful events and circumstances to which children must adapt to. Summary: Regardless of family structure, the quality of parenting is one of the best predictors of children’s emotional and social well-being. Single-parent families find it harder to function then two-parent families. Most two-parent families are less emotionally supportive of their children, have fewer rules, harsher discipline, provide less supervision, and engage in more conflict with their children.
Topic: family

6. Worthen, Molly. “Single Mothers with Family Values.” New York Times. 27 Oct. 2013: SR.1. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 11 Apr. 2014 Summary: Since the rise of homes for fallen women and unwed mothers in the early 19th century, Christians have worried about their plight with a mixture of compassion and contempt. Today in 2014 conservative Christians see that god-fearing communities are not immune to unplanned pregnancy or divorce. Single mothers understand the family as a set of binding relationships crucial to human identity. Their commitment to traditional family values is all the stronger because they are raising children alone. Paraphrase: Un-planned pregnancy and divorce are some reasons why single-parent families have become common. Single mothers see their family as not complete; they understand the family as a set of binding relationships. When single women want a family their commitment to a traditional family values are all stronger because they have been raising their children alone.
Topic: family

7. Hymowitz, Kay, W. Bradford Wilcox, and Kelleen Kaye. “The New Unmarried Moms.” Wall Street Journal. 16 Mar. 2013: C.3. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. Summary: To many Americans the phrase “young single mother” usually pictures a teenage high-school dropout. But that image is now out of date. Teen pregnancy rates have been declining for decades. Today in 2014 a typical unmarried mother is a high-school graduate in her early 20s who may be very well be living with her child’s father. The tragic consequences are the same, children raised in homes that often put them at an enormous disadvantage from the very start of life. Paraphrase: In today’s society Americans believe the words “young single mother” is a women who got pregnant in high-school and dropped out. But really today in 2014 a typical unmarried mother is a high school graduate who probably lives with the child’s father. In today’s society this is more common than your average teen pregnancy relationships. Unfortunally children raised in homes like these often put them at enormous disadvantage from the very start of life.
Topic: family

Summary: Being a single parent leads to so many problems like Maintain a work life balance, dealing with inevitable emergencies, traveling for business, changing plans, getting personal time, finding child care for the night out, or even paying for child care. Not getting to spend much time with your child because you are a single parent could lead to problems for the child. Being a single parent can be hard to juggle, but then the thought of being a family means you are in it together. Some days might be filled with laughter and excitement, then other days might be horrible. Paraphrase: Not only does being a single parent affect the parent but of course the child. Not getting to spend any time with the mother or father, and not knowing the other parent could damage the child’s memory, or hurt them in some ways. Even though as an adult you have to maintain your work life, emergencies, traveling for work, changing plans because of the kids, trying to find that personal time, finding that child care for that one night out, or even trying to pay for child care, can still be hard on the parent and the child.
Topic: family

10. Young children and adolescents can respond differently to divorce, December 19, 2011 by Carl E. Pickhardt, Ph.D. in Surviving (Your Child’s) Adolescence Paraphrase: A divorce introduces a massive change into a life of a boy or girl no matter what age. When parent’s divorce that to a child is witnessing loss of love between parents, having parents break their marriage commitment, adjusting to going back and forth between two different households and their rules, and the daily absence of one parent while living with the other, all create a new challenging family circumstance in which to live which makes it hard on a child. Basically divorce tends to intensify the child’s dependence and it tends to accelerate the adolescent’s independence; it often elicits a more regressive response in the child and a more aggressive response when the child is in its adolescent stage. The child is always the dependent one, closely connected to parents who are favored companions, and really reliant on parental care. The adolescent world is a more independent one, more separated and distant from parents, more self-sufficient, where friends are their favored companion, and where their major focus of their social life now extends outside of family into a larger world of life experience. For a young child divorce shakes their trust in dependency on parents who now have become extremely undependable. They will divide the family up by “mommy’s and daddy’s” side. For a while creating unfamiliarity, instability, and insecurity, never being able to be with one parent without having to be apart from the other parent. Summary: A divorce on a child is the hardest thing they’ll ever have to go through. Divorce will make a child insecure, and confused. A child will normally put the divorce on themselves as it was their fault. It will intensify the child’s dependence on the parents. When divorce occurs in adolescent years it tends to accelerate independence, but also elicits a more aggressive response. When the child is younger they depend on their parents, but when the child is in its adolescent stage they are independent, they are more separated and distant from their parents, and more self-sufficient, where their friends will become their favored companion, where in a child their
Topic: family

It also shows the difference in the way of thinking between the father and the child wherein the child was so terrified while the father was as calm as he is.  This is evident in the part wherein both of them were passing through the stream where the child was as puzzled as to why his father acted as if he felt nothing while the child was very much afraid. The child went on to realize in the end of the short story that, like he has, his father also has fears: only that the fear that it is the fear of the things that his father does not know.
Topic: family

The father on the other hand is the one the author used to depict the natural concern that every parent has with their children. The actions of the father show him being protective and a motivator when his son was getting terrified of the darkness. The father also plays a major part in the climax wherein he himself felt fear for his child after a train came in and almost hit them. The faith that he has in God somehow is the factor that also made the child calm yet puzzled.
Topic: family

The structure and the plot of the short story are pretty much divided into two specific and distinctive scenarios. First is the image of the railroad track and the environment around it. The author describes every detail that is necessary in order to picture out the place and how the place is lit up by and also the manner it reacts to the sunlight. It basically describes for the reader to appreciate the beauty of the countryside and the harmony of the world they both are in evident with the first train scene wherein his father knows that the train who’d passed by was a colleague of his.
Topic: family

All this was changed after darkness set in at the countryside and the father and son went their way back home wherein the second main scene sets in. In this particular scene, all the main components that were described by the author during the first main scene met its opposite as the amount of light that was present before went gone and the effect made a gloomy picture that is terrifying for the child. The mood in this story then on went from calm during the first scene to become tense at the second scene especially in the part wherein an unknown train from absolutely nowhere popped out of the scene and even terrified the father.
Topic: family

The story ‘Where are you going, where have you been? ’ is a story about a girl about fifteen years of age and having behavioral problem originated from her poor relationship with her mother. She is described in the story as stubborn, rebellious, self-centered, and vane. The story is a tale of insecure woman and romantic but a skilled flirt; and she is drawn in a situation where she could not handle. Connie’s relation with her family and the way she thinks of them shows they were not close.
Topic: family

Connie seemed to lament the way her mother would treat her and her older sister June to the point that she “wished her mother was dead and she herself was dead and it was all over. ” She lamented to her friends, “She makes me want to be thrown up some times. ” Connie at fifteen still has childish behavior perhaps typical for young woman like her, showing little concern with house works as her mind was all filled with trashy day dreams.
Topic: family

Second, her father does not care of them, as when he comes home, he only cares for the supper, newspaper and his bed. There seems to have no legitimate authority except her mother’s voice always scolding her which to her, “she had a high breathless, amused, voice that made everything she said a little forced. ” The way Connie thinks of her self shows that she was not positively motivated to have a more meaningful outlook in life which at her age, she suppose to have already. Her mind is full of fantasies about someone she meets and the imagination that comes along with it.
Topic: family

Her relations with her family have not helped or motivated her toward having a more mature attitude and outlook in life. John Updike`s Emphasis on Marriage relates to larger American issues. In other words, do you think the marriages he portrays result from certain social conditions typical of the U. S.? The novel “Separating” was about a couple who had lived together for quite long years, a couple with four young children who seemed to be aware of how their parent’s relation ships are going on over some years of the married life.
Topic: family

Richard and Joan had been married for quite long years already as they have four young children who were all in school and seemed to have capability of understanding the situation which their family faces. The novel did not mention exactly why Richard and Joan’s marriage come to that point that it was not working well for each other any more except that “they felt they no longer love each other. ” Richard seemed to just short of saying that all those years of living together under one roof was just pretensions which was merely for the sake of the children.
Topic: family

But now the situation has grown worse that requires him to make decision to put an end with all these pretentious relation ships. Certainly, Richards wants to be happy. He might have thought it, he deserve happiness and this is now just the right time to reveal the situation to their children. So he announced that bad news while all the kids were gathered at the table for the post welcome celebration of his daughter Judith’s arrival from England. As he revealed his decision, his children seemed to be prepared to hear the bad news as they have not shown hysterical or any strong reaction.
Topic: family

Richard must have thought that they understood the situation that everything will come this way which separating would just be the best option. That their dad will leave them to find his happiness in the comforts of another woman which he has already found. Richard feels comforted by the mild reactions of his children as if they had accepted it that the family which they found warm embrace, comforts when they are hurts or having problems, love, care, safety, affection, and shared laughter that only intact family can provide, now stand to break up.
Topic: family

But behind the mild reaction and seemingly prepared feelings, as Richard bent to kiss his son good bye, “turned and with wet chicks embraced him and gave him a kiss, on the lips, passionate as woman, and in his father’s ear as he moaned one word, the crucial intelligent word “why”? John Updike has powerfully related his novel to larger American social issues affecting the society by emphasizing the consequence of divorce among children and their family that cares for them.
Topic: family

Updike also strongly demonstrated the emotional struggles, and the pains the children suffer when their parents come to a point of making a decision of separating. Updike was also able to point out that children are innocent of their parents’ problems and they are victims because their parents instead of cultivating their relationship opted to find their happiness in the comforts of another. Work Cited Updike, John. “Separating” American Since Mid-Century Updike, John. “Where are You Going, Where Have You Been? ” American since Mid-Century
Topic: family

This will provide the extra nutrition that the fetus needs. If a mother does not consume enough calories, she is putting her child at risk of being malnourished. A poorly nourished infant is more likely to get sick, as they do not have the ability to fight off illness as well as a properly nourished child. There is also a possibility that undernourishment can have an impact on the mental development of a child (Feldman, 329).
Topic: family

Even if a mother doesn’t drink every day, even a small amount of alcohol can have adverse effects. Fetal alcohol effects is another condition that a child can develop. With FAE, the child may have some, but not all the symptoms of FAS (Feldman, 329). When my husband and I were foster parents, it was suspected that our foster son had FAE. He did not have growth delays, necessarily, as he was the average size of a child his age, but he did have some intellectual delays, speech problems, and some behavioral issues. Over all, he was a wonderful child, he just needed some extra care and attention in certain areas to compensate for the places he lacked.
Topic: family

Drug use is also a behavior that can cause adverse effects on an unborn child. According to www.marchofdimes.com, about 4% of women use illegal drugs during their pregnancy. These include marijuana, ecstasy, heroin, and other amphetamines. To me, that is a staggering number of women. There are many problems that a child faces if the mother used drugs during pregnancy. Premature birth and withdrawal seem to be the most common. There is also the possibility of birth defects, such as heart defects and cleft palates. The symptoms and long term effects of drug use vary depending on the type of drug that the mother used.
Topic: family

It would be advisable to consult with your doctor before taking any kind of medication while pregnant because any of them can have an adverse effect on the baby during different stages of pregnancy. I know for me personally, I don’t like taking anything other than my prenatal vitamins during pregnancy, because I’m fearful of what effect it could have on my child. When I was pregnant with my daughter, I almost refused to take Tylenol when I had a headache, because I was afraid it would do some harm. I’ve not been quite that way with my son, but I still avoid most medicines because I don’t want to risk doing any harm.
Topic: family

From Ancient Greece to the traditions of Hellenistic society, gender stereotypes have been considered as one of the main characteristics present within these civilizations. Most significantly for Hellenistic society, it was the rule of patriarchs that best described the gender orientation of their society. In fact, the role of patriarchs or males were very much emphasized in philosophical arguments, such as Sirach’s Jewish apocryphal literature stating, “There is wrath and impudence and great disgrace when a wife supports her husband” (Sirach 21-23; cited in Sawyer 40).
Topic: family

As far as Hellenistic society was concerned, the roles of women were limited to being wives who provide services to men, home manager, and the weak gender. The perspectives of Hellenism considered females as subordinates to men, which somehow raised men’s role in the society in the pedestal considering that females were deprived with the opportunity to learn and to gain knowledge from subjects like science and philosophy. However, this societal stereotype was thwarted by Hypatia (370 – 415 C.
Topic: family

She became one of the most regarded female scholars in the history of Greece, specifically in Alexandria. Hypatia was one of the earliest gender rights petitioners who focused mainly on education and learning. Within the study, the discussion provides significant emphasis on the life of Hypatia and the various encounters she had during her struggle for her education. With this, the study covers the role of women within the Hellenistic society and the means these women thrive with men.
Topic: family

According to scholars, the early education of Hypatia came from her experience within the Museums of Alexandria. She was able to convince her father to let her obtain her primary education in Athens where she obtained an award of laurel wreath for her outstanding scholastic performances. According to O’Grady (2005), Hypatia was noted to possess a dynamic personality that was legendary and a riveting, ultimately tragic, biography (235). Hypatia of Alexandria was considered the first woman mathematician who obtained positive inclinations in the subjects of philosophy and mathematics.
Topic: family

of their time, Hypatia must have acquired her significant skills in numbers through her patriarchal lineage. However, Hypatia was not only limited in these subjects, but she also expanded her reach within the context of philosophy and astronomical studies. The fundamental idealisms that greatly influenced her perspectives were the ideas from Hellenism and Neo-Platonism. From the book of Anderson, Katz and Wilson (2004), they pointed Suidas and Socrates description towards Hypatia’s physical features.
Topic: family

According to them, Hypatia possessed a body of rare beauty and grace (47). Ogilvie (1986) mentioned in her book that according to Socrates Scholasticus, Hypatia was not only famed because of her intellect and skill, but also with her beauty, which captivated Synesius, later bishop of Prolemais (104). However, there is a clear agreement between historians that Hypatia never married during her lifetime. Aside from her physique, her intellectual capacity obtained recognition from various fields of sciences. At about 400 A.
Topic: family

D, Hypatia became the head of the Platonist school of Alexandria where she taught her expertise, mathematics and philosophy (O’Grady 235). Her Neo-Platonist philosophy was influenced by classical Greek logic and idealism from Plato that was merged with the concepts of Oriental mysticism, which she obtained after she studied at Egypt. Hence, the philosophical teachings of Hypatia revolved in an intensive reasoning through Neo-Platonist perspective. With the vast diversity of culture and religious backgrounds present in Alexandria, the complexities of the political and economic climate did not stop the philosophical ideations of Hypatia.
Topic: family

On the other hand, one of the most controversial points in Hypatia’s legacy was her death, which became the point of arguments on whether it contributed to the end of Hellenistic society or triggered the disruption of patriarchal domination (Anderson, Katz and Wilson 48). There had been different theories that explain the death of Hypatia, such as her conflict with Cyril, Alexandrian’s stampede, etc. However, Hypatia’s death can be considered worthwhile due to her contribution to the feminine society.
Topic: family

Role of Women in Hellenistic Society Within the patriarchal context of Greece’s city-states and colonies during the Hellenistic era, women had indeed experienced diversity in their roles and views towards their society. Significantly, the women of their time considered being more sheltered and subordinate in their existence before men. Added by Witherington (1990), by Hellenistic and Roman times these views were still in existence, though less strongly held because of the liberalizing influence of Macedonian and Roman occupations (11).
Topic: family

Despite of their weak presence within the Hellenistic society, women were still treated with respect and regards from the male society. Although, their fate as wives or married Hellenistic women was not viewed entirely appropriate. The primary roles of women during this era were either for being the males’ wives or concubines. Athenian-citizen women were married usually at fifteen or sixteen years of age, and from this time, their understanding and coherence of the world and their surroundings was not yet established.
Topic: family

After the marriage, these women were separated through a guarded chamber, but their freedom was always retained. During this era, concubines were the least feminine class looked upon between legal wives and prostitutes. The role of concubines was even recognized by Athenian law, which comprised the legitimacy and freedom of lineage produced through her. However, with a clear picture, the Athenian law towards these concubines was much more inclined to the benefits of patriarchal society by having their sexual needs filled (Witherington 11).
Topic: family

Despite of these limited atmosphere and role diversion provided by the male society to the females, these women were still able to foster their interest in expanding their capacity and placement within the society. In the Hellenistic sense, one of the most historically significant events brought by the feminine gender was their interest for liberation. As supported by Swidler (1979), the conditions of women greatly improved to the point where a woman could in general marry and divorce on her own initiative and even choose her own name (18).
Topic: family

During the Hellenistic period, women, such as Hypatia, obtained honorary recognition for their skills in expressing their thoughts and opinions through poetry. Most of the time, the contents of their literature were related to their desire to possess equal outlook on both genders. The presence of Hellenistic monarchies provided the new outlook played by monarchical wives – the Hellenistic queens. The upper-class women society enjoyed the vast newly opened opportunities since they were the ones who can avail the new places in society, such as education, political career, etc.
Topic: family

Spielgovel (2005) mentioned that there had been documents indicating the increased numbers of women involved in managing slaves, selling property, and making loans (93). The immense expansion of women’s role did not only consider careers and personal developments, but rather, they were also given the chance to acquire ownership of their own lands, wealth and significant placement within the quarters of men. However, the expansion did not consider full equality for both genders but only the increase of feminine roles. Hypatia and her Contribution the Hellenistic Regime
Topic: family

Hypatia of Alexandria was an example of a pre-historic figure that fought the society’s stereotype for gender discrimination. From her biography, she was able to surpass even the best scholars of her time, a woman of legendary Athene-like beauty and virtue, and a woman who possessed distinct features of martyrdom. Hypatia can be considered as one of the famed personalities in Alexandria during the Hellenistic era. Her contribution to the society paved an example of feminine capacity to acquire development in the fields of education.
Topic: family

She was considered as one of the famed Alexandrian poets that contributed to the modern sense of literature. Despite of her womanhood and society’s stereotypes against feminine gender, she was still able to make substantial contributions in the fields of philosophy, mathematics and astronomy. In the fields of science, she was able to discover the early forms of astrolabe and hydrometer; although, this was not taken in regards by the male scientific society and regarded it as lacking of scientific studies (Anderson, Katz and Wilson 387).
Topic: family

He provided her commentaries with Diophantus’s Arithmetica, on Apollonius’s Conics, and on Ptolemy’s works but all of her works was lost in time. IN the fields of philosophy, she was able to merge the concept of oriental perspectives to Platonistic views. One of her commendable disciples to this teaching was Synesius who moved within the context of religious philosophy (Kahlos 40). She was able to prove to the patriarchal society that females can also stand their ground and contribute to the society’s welfare if only they can obtain the sense of rightful placement.
Topic: family

Her philosophical views under the teachings of Neo-Platonist were considered by the Christian orthodox as an opposition to their beliefs. The Christian society branded her teachings as Paganistic and even considered her as the Pagan martyr. According to Forrest (2001), the Christian orthodox had seen the influence of her philosophical views and, since this threatens the Christianity of Alexandrian society, Hypatia was murdered by an angry Christian mob, which ended the teachings of her neo-platonic views (127).
Topic: family

Hypatia portrayed the Hellenistic woman of their time wherein she established a remarkable educational background and contribution to the fields of sciences and philosophy. However, most of these were either hindered or rejected by the male society. Hypatia was a victim of society’s stigma against Christian Orthodox in which she somehow contradicted with he Neo-Platonic teachings; hence, she was murdered in order to end her influence. Still, with Hypatia’s life portrayal, the Hellenistic women did achieve role expansion but still under societal limitations brought by male society.
Topic: family

?2. 1 Outline the importance of family mealtimes. Family meals are important; it will help the family come to together. At the meal time everyone can talk and listen. They can talk about how they feel or what they have done. Children can learn how to sit at the table and behave. Regular meal time it is important of the child’s daily routine and they can learn about healthy food. 2. 2. Describe ways to encourage children to eat healthily. Give the children healthy foods.
Topic: family

Do not eat pork, shellfish or fish without fins and scales Separate cooking dishes must be used for dairy products They don’t eat dairy products and meat together Muslims Meat must be halal They don’t eat pork May not eat some dairy products During the Ramadan adults fast between sunrise and sunset Rastafarians Mainly vegetarian, some eat fish They don’t eat pork May not eat some cheese 3. 2. Outline special dietary requirements There are groups of people who may have other food needs Vegetarian Vegan 3. 3. Identify food allergies Having a
Topic: family

If person has an allergy to a certain food, they should avoid eating. An allergic reaction can happen when somebody eats the food they are allergic to, and become ill. We have to careful before we giving people food. There are common allergies such as; Milk Peanuts and nuts from trees Eggs Wheat Fish Honey Sesame 4. 1. Give reasons for hand washing before food preparation BEFORE TOUCH THE FOOD BEFORE THE TOUCH THE PLATES AFTER YOU HAVE BEEN TO TOILET AFTER YOU HAVE SNEEZED OR COUGHT Before making or serving food we should wash our hands with hot water and soap. This will stop germs on your hands from going onto the food or onto the plates.
Topic: family

It also stops germs from raw meat and fish from getting onto foods that are ready to serve. 4. 2/4. 3 Food storage and preparation to stop cross-contamination Foods have to be stored properly for it to be safe, so that the food is good to eat and free from germs and bacteria. One hazard of poor food storage is cross-contamination. Some foods are not safe to eat raw because they have germs on them which are removed only during the cooking, which then makes the food safe to eat. Cross-contamination happens when the germs from raw foods are passed on to cook foods, which are then eaten.
Topic: family

Use separate chopping boards and knives for raw and cooked foods. Wrap up cooked foods Cook raw foods well Do not store raw and cooked foods near each other Keep the kitchen clean Defrost food before cooking if required Make sure that food is cooked all the way through, especially meat and fish Keep hot food hot and cold food cold Wrap or cover food and put it away in the fridge or cupboard as soon as it is cool Make sure that raw meat and fish are kept at the bottom of the fridge to stop them dripping onto cooked food and causing cross-contamination.
Topic: family

Estaquio “Istak” Salvador / Estaquio “Istak” Samson * Estaquio also known as Istak is a young man serves as an acolyte in the church in Cabugaw. He was raised by Padre Jose, a Spanish priest in Cabugaw and gave him good education about healing arts and other practical skills that made him fit to become a priest. Istak got sick during their stay in Cabugawan and that time, Capitan Gualberto Together with his Spanish official took An-no and killed him.
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* Dalin is a widow and became the wife of Estaquio “Istak” Salvador. She was brought by An-no together with her late husband who died in Po-on because of his illness. Dalin was the reason why Istak and An-no had some misunderstanding. During Istak’s journey together with their relatives in Po-on, Dalin was the one who led the way to Pangasinan because she was the one who is familiar to the place. Ba-ac
Topic: family

* An-no is the brother of Istak and Bit-tik and the Son of Mayang and Ba-ac. He was the one who brought Dalin to Po-on. An-no together with his family and relative went on a journey to Pangasinan. During their journey, He met Orang, Blas’ daughter and became his husband. An-no died because of Capitan Gualberto and other Spanish official who took him and killed him because of his father’s fault.
Topic: family

* Bit-tik is also the brother of Istak and An-no and the son of Mayang and Ba-ac. He also went to Pangasinan together with his family and relatives. During their stay in Rosales, Pangasinan. Bit-tik met Diego Silang during their stay in Rosales. He also has a girlfriend, Sabe, who leave Cabugawan, their new town and married a farmer from Carmay. But when An-no died, he took responsibility of the two children of his late brother and the farm. He became the husband of Orang, An-no’s wife.
Topic: family

* Padre Jose is the Spanish priest who gave shelter and good education to Istak, an acolyte in the church in Cabugaw. Padre Jose helped Istak through Istak’s dream where he talked to his acolyte and gave him advice during their journey. Padre Jose served as an inspiration to Istak. He was also the one who taught many things to Istak that later on, helped Istak to overcome all the challenges and even sickness during their journey and during their stay in Cabugawan.
Topic: family

* Don Jacinto was a rich and educated man living in Rosales, Pangasinan. He was the one who helped Istak, his Family and Relatives in their daily needs in life. He was also the one who offered the land to the Family and Relatives of Istak. Don Jacinto was a good friend of Istak during the stay in Rosales, Pangasinan. He was also the one who lend Dr. Jose Rizal’s novels and even the newspaper to Istak in order for Istak understand more about the situation they’re going through that time. He is also a good friend of Apolinario Mabini who was staying with Don Jacinto.
Topic: family

* Apolinario is a good friend of Don Jacinto during that time. He is the cripple who asked for a favor to Istak. He was also the one who gave the job to Istak in delivering the letter to the President, Emilio Aguinaldo. Apolinario Mabini is well educated and has a passion in writing. He continued writing because he wants to encourage people to be united as one and fight against the nation’s freedom.
Topic: family

Estaquio “Istak” Salvador is an acolyte in the church in Cabugaw. Istak served in the convent for almost ten years. His mentor, Padre Jose was the one who gave him shelter, food and even good education which made Istak fluent in Filipino, Latin and Spanish and even familiar with practical skills and medicine. With Istak’s knowledge, he was fit to be a priest and someday, Padre Jose told him that he could go to Vigan and be serve the church there as a priest. But when the time comes, when Padre Jose was replaced by a new younger Spanish priest in Cabugaw, Istak was sent home to Po-on because the priest told him that he doesn’t need him anymore and maybe because of what Istak saw during his stay in the Church where in the new Spanish priest, having an illicit sex to one of Capitan Berong’s daughter.
Topic: family

The time comes when the new priest told them to evacuate the land that they don’t even own. Because of this, Istak’s father, Ba-ac who is angry and bitter to the Spanish colony because of what happened to his one hand, went to Cabugaw and beg to the priest to allow them to stay in the land for just one harvest since they don’t have anything to keep if they will leave the village. He also begged to the priest to allow his son, Istak to go back to the church and serve as an acolyte again but the priest doesn’t allow them. During that time, Ba-ac was surprised to find out that the priest he was talking was the one who ordered his official to looped Ba-ac’s hand until it became numb. Due to Ba-ac’s anger, he killed the young Spanish priest with the use of a silver crucifix.
Topic: family

With this, he was forced to move out to Po-on immediately together with his family and relatives. He went to a journey to Pangasinan in order for him to escape the punishment of the Spanish government to him. During their preparation for the upcoming escape in po-on, An-no, brought Dalin together with her sick husband to the village and eventually died because of the illness. The Family and Relatives of Ba-ac immediately moved out the village except for Istak who refused to go with them. But when the Spanish officials reached Po-on, everyone left except for Istak that made his life in danger.
Topic: family

He was closer to death that time but luckily, Dalin went to him and saved him. Their journey starts which led by Dalin and Istak who are familiar with the road. They also met Blas and his daughters during the journey to Pangasinan. During their voyage, they’ve been through a lot of challenges. One of Istak’s relatives got killed because of the encounter of the Bagos. Ba-ac also died during the journey to Pangasinan because of the Python who waited and attacked him. When they reach the Agno River, an unexpected situation happened when Istak together with Mayang, his mother was crossing the river then suddenly a huge tree trunk hit the cart where Mayang was staying that caused Istak’s mother’s death.
Topic: family

They finally reached Rosales, Pangasinan through journeying for almost two weeks. When they reached Rosales, the people living their told them to go to Don Jacinto, a well known man in the place and ask for some help. Istak never wasted a chance, instead, he went to Don Jacinto’s house in Rosales, Pangasinan and asked for some help. Don Jacinto didn’t hesitate to help them.
Topic: family

He gave a land to them where they can start their new life. Istak’s family and relatives called their new village, Cabugawan, since they are from Cabugaw. They lived in Cabugawan for almost ten years. During their stay, Istak and Dalin got married and had two sons namely, Antonio and Pedro. An-no and Orang also lived together but An-no died because of the Spanish officials and Capitan Gualberto who took him. Later on, Bit-tik and Orang lived together and Bit-tik took the responsibility of his brother’s children.
Topic: family

Istak became close to Don Jacinto and soon enough, he also became close to Apolinario Mabini, Don Jacinto’s friend. That time, Mabini was sick and Istak gave him some medicines for him to drink. As time goes by, Istak earned the trust of Don Jacinto and Apolinario Mabini. He was asked by Mabini to send the letter to the President, Emilio Aguinaldo. During Istak’s trip, he experienced problems because of the Americans who were in the country that time. In Istak’s trip, he encountered American officials who shot his horse, Kimat.
Topic: family

He also encountered problems where American burned the whole village and killed all the people there. He finally reached a village where General Del Pilar was. Istak lost the letter addressed to the president but instead, he told the General about the letter of Mabini, what he really wants for the country to be united as one. But Gen Del Pilar was not convinced and he sent Istak home. Istak never went home but instead, he stayed and joined General Pio Del Pilar’s army against the American soldiers.
Topic: family

Istak Salvador is also the Protagonist in the Novel since he was the one who faced the conflict during the time where the new priest wanted them to banished in Po-on and he was also the one who faced and experience situations where in he almost died. Istak is also a dynamic character since he changes his personality during the period. At first, he was contented in healing, teaching his fellow villagers but as time goes by, when he was asked to deliver the letter to the president and when he met Gen. Del Pilar, He leave what he used to do way back to Rosales and began to join the army to fight with the Americans. Ba-ac
Topic: family

* Ba-ac, the father of Istak, Bit-tik and An-no, and the wife of Mayang is the Major/Central Character in the novel. He was the one who somehow resolves the conflict between him, Istak’s and the new Spanish priest in Cabugaw by begging the new priest to accept Istak in the convent. He was also the one who lead Po-on villagers to leave the village.
Topic: family

* Padre Jose, a Spanish priest in Cabugaw serves a Minor Character in the novel. He was the one who helped Istak by giving him enough education, teaching him about medicine and other practical skills and by teaching him different languages such as Spanish and Latin. He akso helped Istak during their journey when he appeared in Istak’s dream. The journey that Padre Jose and Istak had also helped Istak in journeying their way to pangasinan since Istak became familiar with the roads they are seeking that time.
Topic: family

* Don Jacinto, a well known man in Rosales, Pangasinan serves as a Minor Character in the novel. He helped Istak during their stay in Rosales, Pangasinan. He even gave lands to the Po-on Villagers. Don Jacinto also helped Istak to broaden his learning when it comes to the social situations in the country by lending him newspapers and other materials that Dr. Jose Rizal wrote. Apolinario Mabini, Don Jacinto’s close friend and became Istak’s friend also serves as a Minor Character in the Novel. Apolinario helped Istak during his stay in Rosales by giving writings that helped Istak in understanding the situations in the country.
Topic: family

* They serve as the antagonists in the novel, Po-on. The new priest was the one who ordered to loop Ba-ac’s hand and the one who want to banished the villagers in Po-on and other villages in Cabugaw. Capitan Gualberto serves as an antagonist in the novel because he was the one who seek for Ba-ac’s family in Rosales, Pangasinan and the one who killed An-no as a payment for Ba-ac’s mistake.