ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: family

Kids learn by watching. Kids learn about money by watching. Kids learn most (if not all their behaviors) by watching what adults do. If you are apt to blow your paycheck in one setting, you are sending the message to your kids that it is okay to just spend all your money in one place. However, if you are one to save your money until it is needed or to put a percentage of your paycheck in a saving account every payday then your kids are learning that it is important to save money. Children are extremely observational creatures and like we all do they become creatures of habit.
Topic: family

I am aware that this was my initial point – to talk to your kids about money, but I wanted to revisit here. If we as parents do not talk openly to our kids about money – then the rest of the things we do in relation to money simply don’t matter. Be vulnerable. Talk to your kids openly about the struggles and the successes you have with money. Don’t let the subject of money become a taboo topic in your house. I think for us to truly teach our kids to save money we have to be willing to talk about it.
Topic: family

Learning about money is a life lesson that all children should learn. We have to be willing to talk to our children about things that are uncomfortable – even money. Kids of all ages need to learn about saving money, budgeting money, and managing money and we as parents can teach them all these things by being the example, providing them with ways to earn money, and above all else talk to our children about saving (and spending) money. Don’t let fear keep your from talking to your kids about money. Start talking to your children today and teaching them how to save money.
Topic: family

If you ask people what the word family means to them, you will probably get different answers from all of them. Family conjures up different meanings for everyone and depending on whom you ask, family can be the most important thing in a person’s life. For thousands of years, the construct of a family has usually consisted of a male and female parent, and their children but that has begun to change in the world of today. Families in the current times are becoming very diverse and have been changing steadily over the past few decades.
Topic: family

A family to most people is a place that takes care of you, a place where people care for you no matter what you do because they will always learn to forgive you. A family raises their child or children until adulthood, they are the reason that their child has the mannerisms they do, and the reason they act a certain way. A family is often the only support some people have and can be the best thing in a person’s life, but sometimes it is not, and it is no one’s fault if they have a bad family.
Topic: family

Married parents, compared to single parents, can have a bit more of an edge when it comes to financial and emotional support. The research done in the 2012 David C. Ribar study, it was found that marriage should produce advantages that improve a child’s wellbeing by ways of income, involvement from fathers, parental physical and mental health, quality of parenting, social supports, health insurance, home ownership, parents’ relationships, and stability within the family (Ribar 2012). This proves that there can be an edge in multiple parent families compared to single-parent families. Not only are there two parents to share the load of children but there can also be two families, the maternal and paternal families. Married couples that have
Topic: family

each other in life, and if both parents have an income, then it is easier to divide the bills and be able to afford rent/mortgage and the other bills. Being happily married with the love of your life and having a few children is the dream that a lot of people have when they are young, or it’s the dream for them from their parents. Being happily married is what people expect of others. Society believes that women should go to school and so should men but that they should find someone and be married to them by a certain point in their life. If a married couple/common law couple is stable, they do not have many fights, they are happy and good then it can be one of the best environments for a child. Being able to have a mother and a father figure in their life is essential to a child learning how to act with others.
Topic: family

Single parent families are those that can be defined a parent living with dependent children, either alone or in a larger household, without a spouse or partner (Encyclopedia.com). When it comes to society and the view that people have of single parent families, the opinions seem to be quite poor. People have no idea what has gone on in someone else’s life, but they still have an opinion and look down on others. Single mothers dominate the single parent statistic, but single fathers are becoming more prominent in society, especially the past couple decades. Some people believe that a single parent taking care of their children is setting up the child for failure in life is a very huge underestimation of the capabilities of a mother and the love she has for her child(ren). Often times, at least for the past few decades, people have believed that women should remain at home and be a stay-at-home mother while the father goes to work. When a mother becomes a single-parent and has to work more and spend less time with her children, people believe that she is being selfish, and such views are quite absurd (Encyclopedia.com). Single-parent families are just capable of being loving and taking care of their children as married/common law families.
Topic: family

When it comes to the construct of families in Canada, according to the 2011 Canadian Consensus, families in Canada are changing very much over the years. The families that lives in the homes of Canada are going from the nuclear male and female parent families to single parents, and same-sex families as well. The number of families in Canada in 2011 was found to be at 9.3 million, or 83.7 percent, which was up over five percent from the last consensus year of 2006. The dominant family structure in the consensus was married couples at 67 percent, which has been the predominant structure for a long time but is decreasing over time. With this information being from 2011, one can only imagine how much more the information will have changed from then until now, eight years later. When it comes to single parent families, it is usually more female parents alone then male parents alone. The growth of single male parents grew sixteen percent compared to six percent of single female parents (Milan & Bohnert, 2018). The construct of families, not only in Canada but the rest of the world as well, are changing. Families are becoming more blended, they include adopted children, half-siblings, step-parents and children, children born from surrogates, and so many other ways to have families. There are so many options in the world when it comes to families, and people are having relationships that are so close that they even consider friends to be family. The home and the family constructs really are changing, and this is not a bad thing at all, people are choosing to be happy with whomever they want no matter what anyone may say and that is how it should be.
Topic: family

The cost of living is on a steady upward slope not only here in Canada but the rest of the world as well and many people are struggling to make ends meet in this world. Smaller towns usually have lower rent when it comes to apartments/homes but can often be more expensive when it comes to food and other services. Most people are paying monthly rent or monthly mortgage for the home in which they reside, along with groceries, families might have daycare costs, other bills, it is all a lot for two parents to pay for, let alone one parent. There are very few programs in place that are meant to help out parents with the financial burden of having children and the two main financial programs put in place to help parents are the same for single parents as it is married/common law parents. Of the few programs set in place in Canada made to help parents with children is subsidized daycare. Though there is subsidized daycare, there are a few hoops that must be jumped through in order to receive any sort of compensation. In order for parents to be able to receive subsidized care, the child must be in a specially recognized daycare. These daycares often have very long waiting lists, and the amount given in subsidization only covers a fraction of the monthly payments towards child care as long as the child in question fits the specific criteria. The availability of a spot in subsidized daycare and the fact that the child has to be in daycare for a certain number of hours in a month really takes away from the parents who really need the help of subsidized care. Being able to put a child in daycare and receive money to help pay for that would be nice, no matter if it was one of the ones on the list or not.
Topic: family

A second program that is in place meant to help parents with the financial burden of having children is a monthly child benefit cheque. Once a month, a designated parent, often the mother unless otherwise changed, receives a cheque of a certain amount to help with the expenses of having children from month to month. The amount received is determined by the bracket at which the parents are in for gross incomes in a year to year basis and depending on how many children said parents have. Though this sounds like a good program in place, there are a few problems that people face from time to time including missing cheques, incorrect amounts, or cheques being sent to the wrong home. This program could be a really good thing for families, minus the smaller problems that happen, if the amounts were a little higher and the brackets that determined how much each family gets for a child should be divided more instead of just two categories, make ones that are in ten thousand dollar increments.
Topic: family

Another program that has been set in place to help parents with their children is the Family Treatment Program for Ranch Ehrlo Society in Regina. The program is meant to help parents work out any sort of problems in their family using group and individual therapies. The program has parent support groups, recovery groups, parental education, 24/7 dad groups, horse therapy and writing groups. The program caters to the family in question, there is even housing for those that need it, and services to help children with specific needs (developmental delays and such) (Ranch Ehrlo Society 2017). This is a good program to have not only the for children but for the parents as well, everyone can learn and grow in this situation. These kinds of programs are needed across the country to help all those that need help. The direct one-on-one and the
Topic: family

This paper explored the many complexities of the changing family construct and the financial and emotional struggles that married/common law families face versus single parent families. Throughout the past few decades, families have become more diverse and these changes are also becoming a lot more accepted by society. This paper also explored the limited number of programs that are offered for parents, whether single or married/common law, in Canada. Canada could benefit from refining the programs and making all more readily available and refine the less appealing aspects then it would be a greater support to families and parents. Having a child(ren) is a challenge no matter what situation the family happens to be. Whether there are two parents or one, it will always be difficult to raise a child, though there is nothing wrong with single-parent families, they still offer support and love.
Topic: family

One of the greatest titles on can have in this world is parent. Being a parent is one of the greatest responsibilities that one can possess in this world. However, with great responsibility comes great pressure and sacrifice. Parents are the ultimate role model for their children. Every word, movement, action and behaviour has an effect on children. No other person, from friends to outsiders, can have a greater impact on children than parents themselves. Born A Crime is an autobiography by Trevor Noah—a great writer, producer, comedian, and also a television host.
Topic: family

She brought Trevor and his brother to church every Sunday, rain or shine. She is very distinctive unlike other women in the book who are traditional and accept their fate. She is dedicated to showing Trevor the possibilities that seem out of reach for someone of their family’s class status, not to mention race, in South Africa; she does this by encouraging him to read voraciously, teaching him English as a first language, and taking him on trips. She beat Trevor to teach him lessons about the world’s ruthlessness towards men of color.
Topic: family

How did Patricia play her role of being a mother? How did her parenting style shape and aspire Trevor? His mother was an exceptional role model to Trevor and showed him traits of being resistant, strong-willed and also receptive to incidents that are not easily accepted by others. like treating women with respect and equal rights which was not taught in their culture before these traits later result shape Trevor into a fine, successful man with great manners and shows astonishing quality.
Topic: family

First of all, Patricia believes that people should educate kids to resist their fate by teaching them not to let others’ perception of life limit their imagination. I agree with that too. Parents nowadays always educate their kids to accept what is given to them, so the kids would not end up being rebellious and breaking the law in the future. However, I believe this is a wrong parenting style. Like stated in the book by Trevor Noah, “ We tell people to follow their dreams, but you can only dream of what you can imagine, and depending on where you come from, your imagination can be quite limited”(43). Trevor argues that how big can your dream is, is depending on what kind of family background and believes you were brought up and surrounded by. In other words, he means one can only dream big if one were taught and learned about how there is no limitation on imagination. All these requires parents to teach kids to be audacious, fearless to dream and to do things even when there is no one who did first, even when no one who agrees that what you were doing were right. Parents should be like Trevor’s mom letting him know that imagination is one of the keys to living life on a new level. In the book, Trevor showed how his mom raised him to be bold, “My mom raised me as if there were no limitations on where I could go or what I could do. When I look back I realize she raised me like a white kid—not white culturally, but in the sense of believing that the world was my oyster, that I should speak up for myself, that my ideas and thoughts and decisions mattered.” (56).
Topic: family

She does that for a reason. Raising him to learn there is no limitation in this world and teaching him to be resistance is her way of giving him a fishing rod so he has the ability to live on his own when she is not around. She wanted him to learn to have questions for the system when it is not right for him instead of following it blindly so he would not be limited by his capabilities and imagination. That is her way of teaching him to be resistance and it turned out to be wonderful. I believe all parents should teach kids to be courageous and to resist boundaries that are trying to limit their imagination that prevent them to live a better life and be a better person. Even though it will be a tough fight but it will be worth it as a man with no imagination has no wings. Because limited imagination are unable to motivate you to take action in order to move in the direction of your dreams.
Topic: family

Next, parents are more likely to encourage their kids when they themselve are showing the traits that they want their kids to learn. For example, Patricia is a strong willed women. As we can see in the book, she insist on going to the church every Sunday even if she had to take the minibus that would be very troublesome yet she still never give-back. In the book, a quote shows that Trevor was influenced by his mom’s iron-will, “I was blessed with another trait I inherited from my mother, her ability to forget the pain in life. I remember the thing that caused the trauma, but I don’t hold onto the trauma. I never let the memory of something painful prevent me from trying something new. If you think too much about the ass kicking your mom gave you or the ass kicking that life gave you, you’ll stop pushing the boundaries and breaking the rules. It’s better to take it, spend some time crying, then wake up the next day and move on. You’ll have a few bruises and they’ll remind you of what happened and that’s ok. But after a while, the bruises fade and they fade for a reason. Because now, it’s time to get up to some shit again.”( 87). In the book, Trevor’s mom taught him to be strong-willed and not back down even when facing the worst case scenario. She taught him by showing him this quality in everyday life. I think Trevor was able to obtain this trait from his mother was because her mother was showing him how to be strong-willed.
Topic: family

In addition, people believe that children are able to grow up to become a fine adult when parents are tough in educating them while growing up and I agree with that. For instance, Patricia was tough on disciplining Trevor especially in his early age which result in Trevor becoming respectful, chivalrous and a well educated young man. However, sometimes parents being tough on kids will result in children hating and being impatient with their parents take Trevor as an example. Trevor in “Born A Crime”, had this thought about his mom being really aggravating and he felt irritated and incensed by her words and actions. His once said “ my mom was forever trying to rein me in.” (80) It can been seen as he started acting rebellious. This was later known by his mom. His mom stated that, “I know you see me as some crazy old bitch nagging at you,’ she said, ‘but you forget the reason I ride you so hard and give you so much shit is because I love you. Everything I have ever done I’ve done from a place of love. If I don’t punish you, the world will punish you even worse. The world doesn’t love you. If the police get you, the police don’t love you. When I beat you, I’m trying to save you. When they beat you, they’re trying to kill you.” (109). It’s clear to us that Patricia way of loving and educating Trevor was by punishing Trevor from little mistake so in the future Trevor won’t repeat the same mistake in the society to prevent him for getting the punishment that are deadlier than hers. It was for the best even if it took Trevor to hate her and I see eye to eye with Patricia. Being harsh on him is the only and best way for Trevor to grow fast. Nobody is born strong. People grow stronger little by little when being taught and prepare for the worst. Tough time don’t last but toughness will remain in us even when the storm and rain is over. Every parent wants to do what’s best for their child same goes for Patricia and in the end Trevor did recognize the effort of his mom and was able to understand how far a mother would do for their child even if it means dying to protect her child . However, it is important for us to know tough on disciplining your child and abusing your child is totally different. The best example would be Abel, Patricia’s boyfriend and later turn out to be Trevor’s stepfather. He was the accurate example of just being violent and abusive with no reason behind it. He was a drunkard, an alcoholic, a bad father and husband. He would hit Trevor constantly just because he felt like it there is no meaningful reason behind it. This kind of parenting is wrong. There should always be a reason behind your action and words to a child as it would leave a traumatic memory to them. To conclude, parents words and actions have power in children so use them wisely.
Topic: family

Last but not least, Patricia believe that equality and respect should be given to women and she taught Trevor that which I side her with that. Patricia will constantly remind Trevor on being respectful to women and treat them with love as she herself is a feminist and feel the urge of teach him that. It can be seen in the book ,Trevor was lectured by his mom on how to treat a woman right. He stated, “ I’d walk through the house on the way to my room and say, “Hey, Mom” without glancing up. She’d say, “No, Trevor! You look at me. You acknowledge me. Show me that I exist to you, because the way you treat me is the way you will treat your woman. Women like to be noticed. Come and acknowledge me and let me know that you see me. Don’t just see me when you need something.” (78 ) Her mom was dedicated to teach him right because she wanted him to be a gentleman and most importantly have an open mindset and to not stick with the traditional believe in women at that time. I believe it is important for Patricia to teach him that because she wants and hopes for an environment or society that wipe out gender imbalance so boys and girls are equal in terms of status and power as they grow up. She also wants him to learn to be grateful for women.Which I agree to that because if a boy can’t learn to respect the women who works hard all day to take care of him, I would have doubts in him whether is he capable of feeling there’s anything wrong with jeering or harassing a stranger? Parents should all follow Patricia example and teach their children to respect women. The world will not change for women until we make changes on how men are educated growing up.
Topic: family

Everyone has their different opinions on what is essential for parenting. For me, I would go along with Patricia which are serving as a good role model for the children, show good traits to the children and being tough on them. She shows stupendous elements on what it takes and how to become a good parent. We know her parenting is a success by how his son, Trevor had turn out now. A fine, successful man with great manners and show astonishing quality. However, every parents have a different parenting style and I do not object their way of educating their children as the ultimate goal share by the parents are all the same. It is to give the child the best thing the could ever offer and hoping them to succeed. But just to remind parent out there, your kids watch you for a living. It is just what they do. That is why it is important to try your best to be a good role model for your kids. Lastly, make sure to educate children from young as it is easier to build up a child than to repair as an adult. To conclude, parents’ love is the most purest love you can find on this earth. The depth of love of parents for their children cannot be measured. It is like no other relationship. I said that because parental love is the only love that is truly selfless, unconditional and forgiving.
Topic: family

Do you want to involve your children in the choice of your holiday destination? I read a blog about it last week that Saskia from KidsErOpUit wrote for the Holiday Discounter . In that blog she gives five tips for choosing a holiday destination together that the whole family likes. Very good tips by the way … As I read, I noticed that we do it differently. But also – and that was more confrontational – that I am not really waiting for my children to (partly) determine the holiday destination.
Topic: family

Admittedly, we are not always able to make everyone happy. For example, son P (10), on the way to seeing mountains last summer, thought he really wanted to climb. When it failed to fit into the program, he was very disappointed. This incident makes it clear to me that it is becoming increasingly difficult to satisfy everyone. The wishes of the little ones are fairly well-arranged, but especially son P gets more and more specific wishes that are not easy to fulfill with the whole family. We will have to take this into account in the coming years. At first not even so much in the choice for a holiday destination, but in the way we travel and the time we have to make specific requests – also last minute,
Topic: family

When can the children take part in the decision about the holiday destination? I do not know yet. At the moment they are not even able to choose a DVD together that everyone likes, let alone a holiday destination. That will certainly be a tear drop … I secretly hope that my own need to determine our holiday destination decreases, as we have to make more effort to provide for the needs of the children. Let go in steps, let’s just say. And then I hope that I can take those steps quickly enough to prevent son P from not wanting to come anymore, because I don’t have to think about that at all. I have five years (maximum!) For that. And if it ever comes to the point where I let my children – as Saskia proposes – determine our holiday destination on my own? I do not know. Maybe I can also build that in steps. By them, to begin with, determine the destination of a weekend away. In time…
Topic: family

In Today’s world Gaming is big industry. Many people like to play games whether online or its physical games. People are playing games for fun some’s have hobbies and some just played them for pass their time. Everyone likes to play games whether its kids or whether its old people. But In past time Children more like to play outdoor or physical games they play like football, cricket, Tennis, Badminton, Basketball. And these games help them to grow because of these are physical games and children have to involve and to run or to create strategy so games like these develop many abilities in child as they learn leadership and by running or playing outdoor they become physical fit.
Topic: family

So, technology give birth to video games which are habit of young peoples they cannot live without it they are addicted to them. So, Video games are online games which can you play by helping of computer and mobile phones. Today’s Generation love to play those kinds of games. “In fact, 97% of kids in the us play at least on hour video game in every twenty-four hour”. They spend more of their free time on playing games and it affect children in both ways like everything has two side positive and negative, so video games also have two sides positive and negative.
Topic: family

Benefit of playing video games. Games are helping children to develop their abilities. Lenhart tells that the games benefits children in some way only if we play in a scheduled time for less hours. Games make children more attentive and make them solve problem as their IQ level increases. It also makes them help each other. They all understands their rights and always supports truth. It helps them in making decisions and make them learn about how to operate a good community. The games make the children to play in group and this makes them cooperative, team player, problem solver and enhance their ability of leadership. Moreover, by playing video games children become fast in his hand eye coordination.in some games children’s need to response fast to win the game and it help them to enhance their hand eye coordination and make their responses quicker then before. Moreover, during some games of role-playing children learn the ability of problem solver as they have to think as a leader and it make their mind sharp and they become ready for really life situations and “according to research published by the American Psychological Association video gaming can enhance multiple cognitive skills such as better allocation of attention, visual processing, memory, reasoning, and perception.” Furthermore, gaming can help children in concentration and make their memory even better video games are natural teacher.
Topic: family

Children a learn a lot of new things from games, there are some educational games too which children played and because of their animation and colors it is easy to learn from there. For example, there are some alphabetical games available where children can learn alphabet they just have to recognize, and game make sound of it and children have to repeat it. Moreover, by playing games children learn to take risk without any hesitation they make very important decision in games which make them even more confident. In today there are many new high-tech games are available by the help of them children can learn how to drive because of driving simulation games these games give them basic knowledge and by help of these knowledges they can drive in real world too or learn to drive. Last but not the least benefit of video games it helps children to earn some money there are some games available in market by playing those games people can earn real money for example some youngster plays games online in front of everyone they stream their video on you tube and children like to watch them and so they make money through YouTube views or from people who are watching them give them donation so there is future in video games as you can earn money. Some games like Pubg they do online competition and give a lot of prize to winners. These kinds of things encourage children to play games, but it is only effective when you spent calculated time on video games.
Topic: family

Some children are spent too much time on playing video games and it is not good for health. Therefore, if children spent too much time on playing video games then it will put bad or negative effect on children. Firstly, Due to the Online gaming children play with different age group people, and some of these people discourage by bullying them and passing comments on them. The gaming platforms have become new way to discriminate each other as people pass racial comments and even abuse to kids. Many boys take these violent games in real life and started to do some violence things to others by seeing in these games. Many kids show aggressive behaviour towards other kids and become aggressive in nature and disrespects not only other people but also their parents. Due to excessive gaming many men experience a lot of difficulty on mental level and are stressed out. The Author tells about the gaming study shows that men are more addicted to gaming and screens than women.
Topic: family

Many people are isolated and make games their life surrounding. They stay away from nature and gets many disorders due to these methods. There are effects on brain and physical body. Moreover, children spent most of their time while playing video games and they become addicted and it can cause anxiety and depression and spending so much time can cause to many diseases like obesity for example while playing games children just sit hours in front of computer and it can cause obesity and it decrease their eyesight too. Not only that it leads to many other diseases like problem in their backbone and it can cause mental illness too. One of the big negative effect of playing video games too much is it can affect their school performance because they cannot concentrate for example some children played video games all night and when its time to go to school they feel tired and sleepy. Therefore, in schools they cannot focus on their study and sometime fails in their courses. Some children lose sense of right and wrong for instance, they do in real life what they do in their gaming life by playing violence games where they awarded when they are doing violence in games they start actual doing it they just feel confused in reality and fantasy. When children spent most of his time playing video games it can put effect on his relationship because children spent less amount of time talking to their friends or to their parents and it can affect their mind and it can lead to dipression.
Topic: family

Family is one of the most important elements in a person’s life, according to the Cambridge dictionary family is a group of people who are related to each other, such as a mother, a father and their children. Families also may be connected to other relatives and members. Each family has its own characteristics depending on the community, the background and the area it’s related to. Families and their habits, properties, and elements differ around the world. Any change, whether social, economic, health, educational or any other possible changes on any member of the family may cause change and affect all the other members in the family.
Topic: family

This subject has influence and effects on the whole family structure, besides the pregnant women, it also affects babies, children, spouses socially, psychologically, mentally, economically reaching to the cultural structure, raising challenges, difficulties and vast changes that need to be dealt with. Maternal mortality is always present when family health topic is raised. When a pregnant mother faces difficulties during her pregnancy, which leads to death leaving a newborn behind her, she leaves an important question behind her as well, why does this occur? how can science, research, and medicine prevent this? What is it connected with? Are there any solutions? how does this affect the general topic of family health? How this loss will affect the baby left behind? How does it affect the rest of the family? Is it connected to genes? is it connected to medical treatment during pregnancy? Is it connected to this mother’s age and living circumstances? Is it connected to culture? What kind of preventive and treatment procedures are used? Will the numbers and statistics connected to it decrease one day? What are the Sustainable development goals related to it? how can they be achieved and when? Are countries dealing with this as an urgent issue? and giving it the attention it should have? All these questions and much more are left behind to think of and find answers.
Topic: family

Maternal mortality definition is not only the regular definition mentioned above it also has further categories and complementary explanation concerning further cases derived from the pregnancy process, such as A late maternal death which is defined according to the ICD 10 as ‘ the death of a woman from direct or indirect causes more than 42 days, but less than one year after termination of pregnancy’, and “Maternal Near Miss” (MNM) which is defined by WHO as ‘a woman who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy’. Looking at the maternal mortality different definitions and categories by the World Health Organisation and the International Statistical Classification of Disease (ICD 10), and many other organizations that investigate the topic, and understanding further definitions and specifications lead to investigating the factors and reasons that lead to these deaths worldwide.
Topic: family

Moving to maternal mortality causes, there are many direct and indirect causes that lead to maternal mortality with different categories. The majority of the deaths don’t have a fully defined cause, it’s mostly a combination of direct and indirect causes that differ from a woman to another. Approximately three-quarters of the deaths are related to direct obstetric causes, and one quarter is related to indirect causes. The most popular causes of maternal deaths are Hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage and anemia, Hypertension and unbalanced blood pressure, infections and sepsis,abortion-related causes and unsafe abortions, depression after delivery. Urine incontinence and other related cause., HIV/AIDS as well as further different pregnancy and delivery complications and specific individual health status and risk factors.
Topic: family

Information, data, and numbers concerning maternal mortality are derived from the hospital’s records and reported cases in medical centers about people who seek medical care and treatment, as well as community records derived from studies, surveys, and collected data by the community members which is considered as a poor and limited source of information, because it relies on individual cases reporting which is not considered as a reliable source for documentation and research, in addition to the fact that this kind of limited range studies don’t reflect the existing real situation. According to all this, the information related to maternal mortality is not sufficient or enough to have a full image of this topic, this lack of data makes it hard to understand what takes place in real life, especially in abandoned far areas with poor and limited medical care access and facilities, as well as the wide range of the unreported and unsafe home- deliveries and abortions and complications. As well as the lack of data concerning these women’s diagnosis, background, and medical history.
Topic: family

MMR – Maternal mortality ratio ( number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) is considered to be a high mortality rate, with 295,000 deaths during the year 2017, 66.5% occur in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. However, this rate has declined by 38% around the world, between the years 2000 and 2017, according to WHO report 2019. As all maternal mortality evidence, data and prevalence lead to the importance of this issue, it was mentioned as one of the eight goals mentioned by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) signed by UN countries in September 2000, to be achieved by the year 2015. Afterward, maternal mortality was also mentioned as one of the first topics in the Sustainable development goals (SDGs) signed by the United Nations in September 2015, these SDGs are expected to be achieved by the year 2030. In relation to maternal mortality, the goal is to reduce the maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.
Topic: family

Many reasons in Africa and its sub-saharan countries lead to the occurrence of this high percentage of maternal mortality rates and considered to be barriers against improving the situation, starting with the geographical factor, distribution of these countries villages and abandoned areas and the poor access to medical centers, because of long drives and distances, which is also connected to the lack of fast transportation, vehicles, and ambulances Moving to the lack of medical and health care centers especially in abandoned and far areas, this factor is very important in saving lives and making urgent intervention when needed, thousands of hundreds of African sub-Saharan population don’t get the needed and essential medical treatment, which makes it hard to survive urgent and acute cases, this makes it hard to seek medical care for women facing danger during pregnancy and delivery, as well as the lack of medical reporting and diagnosis. It’s also very important to mention the young age and under age marriages that take place in sub-Saharan areas which may be a risk factor for maternal mortality high prevalence as well as rape cases that may cause this. The incidences of diseases and outbreaks also play a role in maternal mortality high rates, uncontrolled transmitted diseases HIV/AIDs for example is considered one of the major risk factors for maternal mortality. Hygiene, sanitary products and access to clean water are also very important, lack of these elements cause infections, spread diseases, and even may lead to exceeding the cases and causing more severe complications. Malnutrition and the essential elements of deficiencies are also enrolled in this. Moving to culture, beliefs, and traditions, in many sub-Saharan areas in Africa, morals, tradition, and inherited manners can lead to exceeding maternal mortality incidence, various beliefs and ways of dealing with women in general and young pregnant women especially. Women’s level of awareness and understanding of their health status, way of living, circumstances, background, and hereditary is vital, and can cause deterioration in their health status during pregnancy, and during the delivery process. Another cause is poverty, and socioeconomic situation, which put many borders against women to seek appropriate medical treatment and consultation and limits them from purchasing the needed equipment and medications.
Topic: family

These mentioned numbers, rates, and causes led to raising maternal mortality issue worldwide and made it one of the most important issues to be listed among the MDGs and afterward on the SDGs. due to its existence for decades, and despite the healthcare development, specialties and equipment, it stays on the top of the SDGs due to its importance and wide range of effects. Despite the fact that the maternal mortality ratio has dropped off during the last two decades, it still needs short and long term strategies and intervention plans, many initiatives and studies aimed to examine interventional procedures, and test the possibility for leading to improvement in this context, although many interested parties intervene and some of them succeed in many areas, the incidence is still the highest around the world and the small initiatives need to be implemented widely so the total ratio may fall down more and more one of these studies is the ‘Rapid reduction of maternal mortality in Uganda and Zambia through the saving mothers, giving life initiative: results of year 1 evaluation’ by Serbanescu F. et al (2017), the research adopted a Saving Mothers Giving Life (SMGL) initiative which aimed to quick reduction of maternal mortality rate, in one year interventions strategies, using possible and applicable ways, to be applied and measured in Both Uganda and Zambia, there were differences in applying the SMGL in both countries according to the specifications in each one of them, such as the number of hospitals and medical care centers, quality of care, equipment, and more. The initiative implemented a number of interventions such as training health teams to deal with birth cases, raising awareness and promotion concerning pregnancy and delivery, raising the number of healthcare facilities especially in abandoned areas, and much more. This one year SMGL proved to reduce the Maternal mortality rate in Uganda by 30% from 452 to 316 per 100,000 and by 35% in health facilities in both countries.
Topic: family

One of the most important units in society is the family. It gives physical, moral, mental and social development and child’s first socializing agent (Roska & Potter, 2011; Cavanagh & Fomby, 2012). Family functioning and the process of child-rearing is a universal phenomenon called “parenting” (Darling & Steinberg, 1993). Parents must corroborate children’s safety and ensuring health, to be prepared for the life of an adult and to teach them cultural ethics and beliefs. Children conform in a group of people on how parents raised them.
Topic: family

Parenting is one of the biggest influences of children’s behaviour. Some children are more likely to be competitive and goal-oriented and some are more likely to be rebellious and neglectful. Baumrind’s (1971), classifications of parenting styles that influence children and adolescents behaviour. These three parenting styles are classified as authoritarian- parents who are often strict and harsh and focus on gaining a child’s obedience to parental demands rather than responding to the demands of the child. Permissive- parents who place few restrictions, rules or limits on their children’s behaviour. Authoritative- parents who are flexible and responsive to the child’s needs but still enforce reasonable standards of conduct.
Topic: family

Parenting style is a universal phenomenon that involves the working of family and the process of raising a child where the parent’s attitudes are shown (Darling & Steinberg, 1993). Some of the parents are strict, let their children do what they want, and sometimes both. Based on the children’s behaviour and responsiveness, parenting style was divided into four classes (Maccoby and Martin, 1983; Baumrind, 1991). Baumrid (1966) put children under scrutiny for patterns and behaviour and made a supposition that includes the three parenting styles: Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Permissive Parenting (also called Indulgent Parenting). Maccoby and Martin (1983) summed it up by expanding and adding Uninvolved (also known as Neglectful Parenting.)
Topic: family

According to Baumrid, “Authoritarian parents are austere, harsh and demanding” she added, “Parents are trying to manipulate, mould and teach the children with their own behaviours, not their children’s.” (1968). A study concluded that because of their authoritarian parents, they started drinking alcohol, although they are not classified as binge drinkers (Kusmierski, McDonnell, & Nichols, n.d.).
Topic: family

Authoritarian parenting focuses on the child’s obedience to the rules and regulations they set and not responding to the child’s wants or demands. Authoritarian parenting styles obtained a negative impact in Western literature, primarily because of the negative child and adolescent’s behaviour. Parenting styles among Asian countries (particularly in China) have been variously described as authoritarian, controlling, restrictive and hostile (Lin & Fu, 1990; Steinberg, Dornbusch, & Brown, 1992). In contrast, (Baumrind, 1972), found a positive effect on authoritarian parenting style resulting in independence or self-assertiveness of the children. In Chen, Dong, and Zhou (1997) study found that authoritarian parenting has a positive effect on aggression, and have a negative effect on sociability-competence and peer acceptance in second-grade children from Beijing, China.
Topic: family

Parenting has undergone diverse transformations for the past century which is attributed to lifestyle changes and influence by the modern culture. Traditionally, the role of raising children is the responsibility of women. However, this has changed to a joint responsibility where all parents participate in raising their children in various forms (Thompson, King, Taylor, Puckering, & Wilson, 2019). One contributing factor to this new perception is the urgency to address the increasing needs of the family where the father may be unable to effectively provide for his family.
Topic: family

Latrice is a double amputee and is not employed which makes it challenging to provide for the needs of Aaron who has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and severe learning disability (J. Latrice, personal communication, November 15, 2019). This situation is further worsened by the fact that Latrice is a single mother who is also pregnant. Aaron cannot read where Latrice has to help him in learning important life skills as an individual suffering from a severe learning disability requires support with daily activities such as bathing, eating, and staying safe (J.
Topic: family

It is difficult for Latrice to punish her child due to the health condition of her child as well as her relationship with her child. This is because Aaron does everything for Latrice due to her disability condition which means if he disciplines the child, he may stop doing all these things for her mother (J. Latrice, personal communication, November 15, 2019). One of the strategies that Latrice has implemented to ensure that Aaron receives the necessary help is hiring a full-time nurse to take care of Aaron. However, Latrice feels that this is not enough and often sends help to ensure that her son is receiving the required care (J. Latrice, personal communication, November 15, 2019). Due to her health condition, Latrice is unable to work and survives only on disability benefits to cater to her needs as well as the needs of her son.
Topic: family

She spends most of her time bedridden that limits her from performing house chores as well as looking for employment to ease the burden of taking care of her child. Another factor contributing to her current economic challenge is that Latrice does not have a spouse to help her in performing house chores as well as provide for the family (J. Latrice, personal communication, November 15, 2019). Since Latrice is pregnant with the second child, this may further worsen her condition as three members will now share the current resources after the second child is born that may affect the quality of life for the family members. For Latrice to use prosthetics, she has to lose weight through bariatric surgery as participating in physical activities is challenging for her due to her current medical condition (J. Latrice, personal communication, November 15, 2019). This will help her in improving her life, as she can be able to secure employment as well as support her two children financially.