ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: family

In Jewish law divorce is allowed but should only be used as a last resort, the couple should try and fix the marriage before they get the divorce. This is because Jews believe that marriage is sacred and when it ends it is a said occasion “when on divorces his first wife, even the altar sheds tears” (Talmud, gittin 90b). For a divorce to be finalized the husband has to give his wife a get which is a document that verifies that they both can remarry. Only the husband can initiate a divorce because he has to give the get to his wife but needs wife’s consent. This originates from the bible “a man takes a wife and possesses her. She fails to please him because he finds something obnoxious about her, and he writes a bill of divorcement, hands it to her and sends her away from his house”(Deuteronomy 24.1). The divorce would take place in the Beth Din which is a rabbinic Court of Law; in the U.K. a couple also need a civil divorce under British Law.
Topic: family

He doesn’t wish to take care of his baby as it is not convenient within his new life style. Brendan on the Jeremy kyle show, is faced with a dilemma when it is stated his child was in hospital and he didn’t even visit her. Jeremy is angry about this and also the audience doesn’t take kindly to this act, he is received with ‘booing’. This sets the way that men are suppose to act and the way that we like to receive men.
Topic: family

Masculinity has many representational conventions; these conventions give an audience the ability to recognize the ‘manly’ character. Within the ‘Jeremy Kyle show’ the masculine man is always represented as wrong and in the wrong doing the acts that are presented by the masculine characteristics, this in facts give men a tremendous negative representation, such as, as soon as Brendan comes out onto the shown he is greeted with ‘booing’, the audience this way allow the guest to know that what he is doing is wrong and that the ‘masculine’ acts that they portray are not ones that are received well.
Topic: family

Within the ‘Maury’ show, men are shown as doing the wrong however in a different kind of way than the ‘Jeremy Kyle Show’ the men are always proven wrong and in the end try and fix their wrong doings with right doings however sometimes it is too late. They don’t take responsibility when it is truly needed and the men act young and foolish. The two shows allow the audience to link the male roles to Robert Hanks, models of masculinity, the hegemonic male is always presented usually within the guests, and this male is powerful, ruthless and often subjugates others.
Topic: family

Jeremy Kyle presents on his show a big front about using protection and within his autobiography wonders ‘How i’m not the poster boy for Durex, I’ll never know’5, so when Nathan is accused of having a ‘Secret second family’, his girlfriend realizes the relationship was based on sex and now that it is more than that Nathan no longer wants to be within the relationship after having a child with his girlfriend and being pushed with responsibility Jeremy Kyle produces the question ‘Why didn’t you slip something on the end of it’.
Topic: family

With all of his guests Kyle pushes the subject of contraception and pushes forward for all to use it to stop all of the unwanted pregnancies and children. Whilst on the show Nathan also admits that he has had three affairs, one being in a brothel with a prostitute. This greeted with a highly negative representation from the audience and the host. This pushes the view onto the audience and allows the audience to know that these actions are very wrong and those men behaving wrongly in their sexual relations, having sex outside of a loving relationship and sometimes cheating.
Topic: family

This gives the audience the view that men are always in the wrong doing compared to the actions women’s present. Men and Sex on the ‘Maury’ show is always and issue, the man usually believes he isn’t getting enough or that it is not good enough. This is shown within Desmond’s story he is married with three children in this relationship, however he also has two girlfriends with a child each, he doesn’t see this as a problem as he believes he is being ‘sexually full-filled by the three’.
Topic: family

With the fall of the Roman Empire, the rise of Christianity and return to civilisation, children became more important. With this change the position of the church became more recognised as pro-family, opposed to infanticide and family violence, and as a promoter of schooling. This is the time when the idea of modern childhood appeared. ‘Adulthood, by definition, excluded children. And as children were expelled from the adult world it became necessary to find another world for them to inhabit’ Postman (1983) p.69. As the demand for business and trade increased the need for a more mobile family did too, this gave way to the rise in nuclear families: based on a central couple and their children.
Topic: family

This unit provided children with a safe and secure environment to grow up in. Firestone believed that the development of modern childhood came with ‘the development of the modern family’ cited Hoyles (1979) p.35. Even so children were only seen as children up until the age of seven, the time when they were able and needed to work in order to provide extra income for the family. Aries (1973) states ‘as soon as the child could live without the solicitude of his mother, his nanny or his cradle-rocker, he belonged to adult society’.
Topic: family

One of the biggest changes for children has been the legislation that has been put in place in order to ensure they are not exploited and are entitled to an education. The introduction of compulsory education in the mid-nineteenth century was not entirely without criticism. Many people believed in the need to shelter children from adult secrets and that sending them to school would give them ideas ‘above their station’. Since industry was developing rapidly it was important for children to be educated and disciplined. However, due to those who believed in children being seen and not heard they held the notion that ‘childhood ends at seven – when they have command over speech – say and understand what adults can say and understand’ Postman (1983) p.13.
Topic: family

The differences they see in their own children; the way they behave, the games they play and the way in which they address adults are all very clear, this allows for the familiar perception of “its not like it was in my day”. However, childhood is often the projection of what adults would like to be and what they have been so their views will be determined by the way in which they grew up. Many parents of children nowadays were born in the days of Dr Benjamin Spock and his book Baby and Childcare. His ideas of love being more important than discipline and that children should be free of rigid rules would have been practised in many of their households. In turn this would have a knock-on affect on the way in which they bring up their own children; the youth of today.
Topic: family

Winn (1983) p.18 suggests that ‘radical changes that began to take place in American society in the 1960s and 1970s, the sexual revolution, the drug epidemic, the breakdown of the conventional two parent-family, the women’s movement and the growth of the television as a medium of education and socialisation’ all contribute to the loss of childhood. The new ideology of the family, which came from the Reformation, of two parents and their children is gradually disappearing. Couples are becoming increasingly less likely to marry and divorce is also on the increase. One parent families are common and people as young as 13 years old are having children.
Topic: family

There is such a difference in the family unit that children are inevitably going to have a much different childhood than in previous generations. Wyness (2000) p.8 would agree that ‘ children are less childlike because they can no longer be neatly positioned within family and peer group institutions ad structures that typify the essential characteristics of childhood.’ Children spend a lot less time with their parents and therefore lose out on the nurturing they can give. The Miami Education Department (URL included in references) states that ‘in the last twenty or thirty years, as a result of television and major demographic and social shifts in culture, the experiences of children and adults has become less differentiated.’
Topic: family

Informal carers are people who look after others without the framework of an organisation, professional work and aren’t being paid. There are many people who need social care and support, but cannot afford to buy services from the private sectors, so these people would seek informal care and support from relatives, friends and neighbours. The common services provided are housing, financial assistance and emotional support. The elderly, children and those that have long-term care needs receive informal care. For vulnerable children between 3-5 year old have informal carers that are more likely to be their siblings and grandparents because these people are not trained, employed or paid to provide care, they are known as informal carers.
Topic: family

That child will tend to be firmly attached, pleasant-sounding in his/her relationships, and tolerant of familiarity as an adult. In contrast, contact with an emotionally voracious grandparent leaves a child underprivileged, anxiously attached, and hurting. The child might feel anxious about starting school and will probably settle with some reassurance. Grandparents are a vital in children emotional development because children begin to learn how to cope with their feeling by observing people surrounding them during early childhood. Grandparents play a part in a child’s emotional development by offering love, acceptance and respect. This is because a child who feels encouraged and supported by their grandparents, who may be their role model, will develop confidents and a sense of independence.
Topic: family

A child’s physical needs must be satisfied for them to be physically healthy. Grandparents as an informal career would look after a child’s physical needs when they are babysitting or the child is staying over. They’ll set a bedtime arrangement for their grandchild in order for the grandchild to sleep the right amount of time which is 11-15. A grandparent would also feed the child regularly so that the child is getting a balance diet. They’ll be supplying the child with breakfast in the morning, lunch in the afternoon, dinner on the evening and snacks whenever needed so the child would grow up healthy and won’t be starved. Since children are active in this life stage they may a visit a park with their grandparents and social with other children, helping their social development.
Topic: family

This would help the child’s intellectual development because they’ll be learning something necessary for the future because learning the alphabet and numbers is vital for succeeding in further education. Another way is that grandparents would give toys such as an easy puzzle so the child could learn easier and expand the knowledge. All these would have an important part in a child’s language abilities and in their communication skills. Something simple as playing a board game with a child can educate them and make an impact in the child’s life. Grandparents could tell stories about their experiences when they were young, which may expand the child’s vocabulary.
Topic: family

Grandparents would help the child’s social needs by interacting with them and introducing them to new people that may be family or a friend. The grandchild can have a close bond with their grandparent so the child may play with the grandparent. Grandchildren can learn acceptable behaviour, a moral development. They’ll adapt a conscience based on what they learn to be wrong or right from their grandparents. This is because a grandparent may praise a good behaviour by referring to the child as ‘good girl’ or ‘good boy.’ This tends to have a big influence on the child’s social development because they’ll have to learn to co-operate and communicate with others. Grandparents may take the child to the park to interact with other children, helping the child’s social development.
Topic: family

Another informal career for children that are 3-5 would be their siblings, especially the older siblings. Primary socialisation happens at home so older siblings are seen more like a role model than grandparents and parents because they are closer to the child’s age so an emotional bond would be there. Siblings interact with each other and grow with each other. The younger sibling would see the older sibling as a role model. They would often play with each other. This helping the child’s social and emotional development because they would have someone to play with and won’t feel left alone.
Topic: family

The older sibling would become their role model because they would have understood that their sister or brother has gone through the same thing as they are going through. When I was three I considered my older sister my role model because she would often play games with me and evoke emotions like joy. When I was starting my first day of nursery in a primary school I wasn’t worried because I knew my sister would be attending the same school so I could run to her if I was scared. Siblings can make younger children feel protected and loved like a parent can do because they have grown up with each other.
Topic: family

Siblings can help with a child’s intellectual needs by playing games with them. This would educate a child into knowing how to play a certain game, like tag or stuck in the mud. In the early childhood you’re more likely to learn from your surroundings since siblings are more frequently home, children can learn from them. Siblings can teach their younger sibling their alphabet and numeracy, advancing their knowledge. This would benefit the child since it is necessary for every child to know their alphabet and numbers for further education. I taught my younger sister her alphabet since she was struggling to grasp it in school and I knew the importance of alphabet, I took it myself to educate her.
Topic: family

Children being cared by their older siblings often have a strong bond with them. They start to be dependent on the sibling and have an attachment. This is because they would often see their siblings home or in school. If a parent was going out than the babysitter would be more likely the older sibling, depending on the age. The sibling would feed the child the regularly eating habits of the household (pasta, meatballs, salad, sandwich) for dinner or lunch because it important for the child to eat regularly in order to grow health.
Topic: family

Another thing a sibling could contribute to a child’s physical needs is tucking the child in their bed for them to sleep at peace. Sleep essential to children because they would need sleep to be active the very next day and are able to focus on their surrounding and there more likely to be in danger when crossing the road because of lack of sleep. This may result on the child to walk slowly and unaware of their surrounding and if the sibling with them is distracted, the child can be at risk.
Topic: family

A child can be emotionally sensitive so would often cry about the small things. My little sister shrieked when I tried to brush the knots out of her hair, had a meltdown whenever I told her no, and burst into tears when the younger children at the park teased her. Older siblings like myself would have to show some empathy to the children that are emotionally sensitive. This is because children that are emotionally sensitive would cry often so showing frustration and anger would make the situation worsen. They need comfort not consist yelling. Siblings would reassure their younger sibling that it’s completely fine and would joke around to make the child comfortable. I had to often reassure my little sister that there wasn’t any mark or bruising on her arm in a slow calm voice because frustration and anger would make the child feel uncomfortable and sadness, which equals more crying.
Topic: family

A child social needs would be met by the siblings if the sibling brings his or her friends over to their house. The child would be meeting someone new and maybe the friend even have younger sibling for the child to play games would. This would help the child’s social development because the child would be meeting someone and interacting with others. This would enable the child to relate to others effectively and to contribute in positive ways to family, school and the community. This could be taught by the siblings when they bring their friends over to introduce to the child or when they take the child to the park, shopping centre or fun fairs.
Topic: family

Another way siblings can meet the child’s intellectual needs is by reading a story to them in bedtime. This would increase a child’s vocabulary because they would be listening or repeating new words for them to use when explaining something. When someone is reading the child a book, the child can make their own understanding of the plot. For a sibling reading their younger sibling a story can help with the social and emotional development because the child would be dependent to the siblings and have emotions like love or picture them as their role model.
Topic: family

In conclusion, informal carers such as grandparents and siblings can care for a child’s physical, emotional, social and intellectual just like a formal carer would be doing. They can play an important role in a child’s life where the child can be dependent on them or they can be the child’s role model. I have listed out what a sibling and grandparents can do for a child aged 3-5 to show the importance of informal carers can have on that life stage.
Topic: family

Starting school or nursery could be the first major life event that a person goes through and lots of people can remember their first day at school. Those who start school are normally nervous yet excited, this is because they are looking forward to being in a new place, yet scared because they don’t know what it’s going to be like. Children may end up crying for their mother or father or carer because it could be their first day without them and this could make them miss their loved ones.
Topic: family

There can be a negative attitude towards going to school for the first time as children may not feel excited or they feel so attached to their Mom or Dad that they don’t want to be left at school. They may even be afraid of the teachers and children and so they may not want to go back again. The fact that they might not want to play with others means they won’t meet new people and with all of this it may be considered as the worst day of their lives.
Topic: family

When a baby is born there is a lot of excitement and a new relationship is developed quite quickly, as a new one develops a relationship between the new mother and their other daughter/son can change. The news of a new baby coming into the family can excite younger children, as they may want someone to play with and someone to look after, however an older children may feel jealousy when the baby is born as they may feel the child is taking their place as they might not have realised how much care and attention a baby needs and so feelings of being unwanted and lonely can occur.
Topic: family

When a child is born it is easy for the parents to make the older children feel wanted they can do this by getting them to help with caring for the baby. The older child may also feel happy with the fact they have a sibling because it is someone to hang out with and play with. The self-esteem in the older child may rise as they believe they have a responsibility in making sure their younger sibling is ok. However the child can feel resentful of the baby because the baby may be getting more attention off their parents and so as they get older they may start competing for their parents attention.
Topic: family

If the person has left home because they are old enough to or moving out with a partner can have a great impact on the self-esteem of a person as they are going to feel more grown up and responsible as they now have the money to have a place of their own. Going away to University will be an adventure and so they might go far away from home, and they may realise that where they are at University they may want to live or they may miss their family too much and so after finishing studying they may decide to come home.
Topic: family

People die during any life stage, this can be either due to an accident or due to an illness; however many people tend to live a very long life before we lose them. Loosing someone you love, care about and respect can be extremely difficult, if it is a loss of a partner the survivor may be that distraught that they become depressed and even die not long after their partner has, which is called dying of a broken heart. With losing a partner of so long can mean it gets some taking used to, to become a person living on their own again. Those who are emotionally stronger will try and move on with their life, this doesn’t mean they don’t care, it just means they are stronger if they move on instead of living in the past and upsetting themselves, however some people may be that upset by the fact they have lost someone it can take them a while to get out of the rut they put themselves into.
Topic: family

On average children between two and five years old spend more than 25 hours a week in front of a TV screen. Children between six and eleven years spend on average 23 hours per week. Children between two and five years old are exposed to more television commercials than older children and 50% of the commercials are being seen in playback mode by them1. The USA has one of the highest numbers of advertisements per hour on television. These factors have contributed to concern among parents, governments, consumer organization, etc.
Topic: family

This paper discusses some studies about the influence of animated characters in television advertisements. These studies discuss if this technique may lead to brand preferences, what emotions and feelings it evokes, how the companies use animation in advertisements and the responses of children towards these advertisements. Some of the trends in the use of animated characters in television advertising have changed during time. The use of animated characters is a technique which has been used for quite some time now, and the changes during this time are mainly technical oriented.
Topic: family

Images are still an important and integrated part of commercials and especially in advertisements towards children good position of animation can be key success. 1October 26, 2009, Patricia McDonough, SVP Insights, Analysis and Policy, The Nielsen Company 2|Page 2. Television advertising comprehension of children 2. 1 Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development The degree of which children are affected by television advertising is related to the way they process information.
Topic: family

Television advertising is communicating information about a product or service to persuade consumers for a positive response towards the brand, product or service. One of the theories that discusses the responses of children towards television advertising is the ‘’Piaget’s theory of cognitive development’’. This theory states that children are in different stages of perceiving and handling information from the environment. The theory is characterized by several stages; one of them is the ‘’preoperational stage’’ which is headed towards children from two to seven years old.
Topic: family

In this stage ‘’children have poorly organized ways of thinking about objects or ideas, concentrating only on dominant dimensions of a stimulus’’. This stage is also characterized by the rapid conceptual development and the development of language of children (Wadsworth, 1989) 2. 2 The Information-Processing Theory Research has been done about the effectiveness of ‘’Piaget’s theory of cognitive development’’, and (Roedder, 1981) discusses the ‘’information-processing theory’’ as a more effective approach to understand the reaction of children in different age groups to television advertising.
Topic: family

Very young children from the age of two to five years old are part of the ‘’limited processors’’ which means that these children cannot use these strategies to retrieve information or enhance learning, even when they are encouraged to do so. 3. Children’s Understanding of Television Advertisement Tammo H. A. Bijmolt, Wilma Claassen and Britta Brus (1998) investigated children’s understanding of TV advertisement; as decomposed into their recognition of the difference between programs and commercials and their comprehension of the selling intent of commercials, the study consists of 153 Dutch children, ranging from five to eight years old.
Topic: family

The study’s authors decomposed their research into the recognition of children of the difference between programmes and commercials and the comprehension of children of the selling intent of commercials and the hypotheses were measured by verbal and non-verbal measurements. Although children between the age of five and eight have some understanding of TV advertising, they had difficulties in answering verbally, which enforces the ‘’theory of information-processing’’ (Roedder, 1981) and the ‘’Piaget’s theory of cognitive development’’ (Wadsworth, 1989).
Topic: family

Young children (below six years old) pay more attention to ‘’perceptual cues’’ such as the length of the story, or jingles, or other visual effects rather than really understanding the purpose of advertising: the selling content. (Tammo H. A. Bijmolt, 1998). The knowledge of the advertising purposes for children differs from study to study. (Nash, 2002) argues that only 19% of the children under the age of seven were able to define television advertisement and distinguish this from a television program. Only a few children from the study were able to express the selling purpose of advertising.
Topic: family

Up to the age of eight years old there is a low comprehension and between the ages of 9-12 there is a medium comprehension (Evra, 1995). In general studies show that the comprehension of the selling intends of television advertising increases with age. But studies show different results from what age a child is able to understand the purpose; this is due to different samples and different questions during those studies. And one of the biggest drawbacks in all the studies is the fact that young children are still learning how to communicate, either in words, gestures or drawings which can be interpreted in many different ways. . Animated Spokes-Characters in Advertising The Federal Communications Commission of the United States stated in 1974 the following: ‘’ ’hostselling policy’ prohibits the use of ‘program talent or other identifiable program characteristics to deliver commercials” during or adjacent to children’s programming featuring that character’’ (Children’s Educational Television Guide). The Commission found host-selling unfair towards children because it interweaves programs and commercials and it takes advantage of the trust that children places in program characters.
Topic: family

With this in mind Atkin (1975) researched the impact of host-selling in programs and commercials towards children from two to ten years old. Atkin (1975) was looking if the children were able to make a distinction between a commercial and a television program when using a ‘’animated’’ character. The method of this study was showing children a ‘Flintstone’ cartoon and directly afterwards a commercial which promoted a Flintstone character (host) or a Bugs Bunny character (nonhost) for ‘Pebbles’ cereals, then the question for the children was when did you see the Flintstone family eating cereals.
Topic: family

The results were that one fourth of the children said they saw Flintstone eating cereals in the television program rather than during the commercial. This result indicated that children of a younger age had trouble of distinguishing a television program from a commercial because of the use of the ‘Flintstone’ character (Mariea Grubbs Hoy, 1986) Margaret F. Callcot and Wei-Na Lee (1994) did research about the use of animated spokescharacters in commercials and explored what the overall level of animation is used in current television advertising.
Topic: family

She researched the following; ‘’How the use of animation differ among program audiences, product classes and product categories’’ and ‘’how the type of character employed is distributed across television program audiences and product categories’’. At last ‘’in what form do the majority of animated characters appear in, and how do they convey their message? ’’. The research compromises a total of 2,343 commercials, of these commercials 2. 2% were animated, 12. 2% contained a mixture of animation and live action and 85. 6% were non-animated. The research showed that 40. % of the animated advertisements are shown in stations such as Nickelodeon and Fox. Both of these stations have as audience children and youth. Animated commercials appeared most frequently during children’s programming and cartoons and the products which it advertised were mostly nondurable goods. Examples of nondurable goods are; snacks, cereals, toys and games. This research study has been done in 1994 and the most popular animated spokes-character used in this time was Fred Flintstone & Barney Rubble, which appeared in 10 commercials (Margaret F. Callcott, 1994).
Topic: family

The findings of this research shows that children are mostly exposed to advertisements with animated characters. The animation market has changed a lot since 1994 therefore the animation used nowadays in television advertising differs in technique but also the characters have changed. ‘’Branded characters which are media characters that are associated with a company, and hence promote its brand name, appeal to children and youth’’ (Calvert, 2008). Companies have been using these branded characters by licensing to help selling a product of that company.
Topic: family

By using these characters marketers try to associate the products with the characters which appeal to children. A study done by Lu Yi Lan. (2010) reveals that ‘’spokes-characters with cartoon-like facial appearance and child voice-lip-synchronization create more ad credibility and ad attention. Acuff and Reither (1997) researched that children between the age of two and three years start recognizing and identifying characters when they are frequently exposed to them. This can be in the form of television programs, commercials, products, etc.
Topic: family

These children do not only recognize these characters but also start to desire the products of which a particular character is exposed. Acuff and Reither (1997) also recommended marketers to use animated spokes-characters in their marketing efforts toward children. (Acuff S. Dan, 1997). Research showed that children between the age of three and seven years old will relate positive to most cartoon characters within their age range such as ‘Disney’ characters, ‘Warner Brothers’ characters, ‘Pixar’ characters, etc.
Topic: family

Neeley and Schumann (2004) found that the sight and sound of spokes-characters influence audience attention to advertising. 5. Use of Animated Spokes-Characters Influence on Behavior 5. 1 Attitude towards Product Atkin (1975) found that television advertising does influence children and that according to his research children attend to and learn from commercials. Not only does it influence children but it also influences the attitudes and the desire towards products that are being advertised, mostly it creates a positive attitude.
Topic: family

Hoy (1986) also researched this area and used the same animations and cereals as Atkin (1975) but used a different sample of children and added some other research areas. Results that are found in both studies show that ‘’the type of cartoon, or host, the children viewed significantly affected an attitude change towards the product’’ (Mariea Grubbs Hoy, 1986). There was a difference however in one of the outcomes, Hoy (1986) results showed that the attitude towards the ‘’Pebbles’’ cereal almost remained unchanged when they had viewed a ‘’Flintstones’’ cartoon. ’ In contrast they liked the cereal more when they had seen the Bugs Bunny Cartoon. If a child likes the product because of the use of animated spokes-characters remains uncertain. Hoy (1986) proposed that the use of an animated character creates a positive attitude towards the product. Acuff and Reither (1997) state that ‘’A child’s beliefs and desires about a product (or product entity) may be moderated by the child’s affective evaluation of the character’’ 5. Attitude towards Brand Preference A study concerning children below 7 years in the United Kingdom researched the impact of television advertising on the children’s wish list for Santa Claus (Nash, 2002). During this study 118 children took part and several factors were examined, among these factors were the amount of time the children were watching television and the proportion of branded and non-branded products requested by children in their letters to Santa Claus.
Topic: family

The result of this study showed that children who watched more television were more likely to request more goods and also more branded goods. Nash (2011) notes that ‘’91% of heavy viewers of commercial television requested advertised products’’. The two most popular branded products were ‘Action Man’ and ‘Barbie’ as shown in table 1 (appendix 1). These results are not completely valid because these brand names are more frequently exposed to the children in advertisements and these brand names have been exposed for a longer time period then other branded goods or brand names.
Topic: family

Animated spokes-characters are created to represent products in television advertising and some of these animated spokes-characters are already familiar with children because of the use of them in carious television programs. Several studies indicate that young children are affected by television commercials and the use of animated characters in three areas; character and product recognition, a high level of attention towards the commercial and a high degree of product liking. But the use of animated characters in commercials does not necessarily lead to brand or product preference or intention to choose the product over other products.
Topic: family

Thailand has been known for centuries as Siam and it impressed the world in the 17th century through reports and drawings from Frenchmen who sailed there. They were amazed to see the views of mountainous and hilly regions characterized by forests, ridges, valleys, and tropical beaches. Thailand’s characteristics come from Indian and Chinese influences and includes a rich ethnic diversity, natural and human resources, and more than 700 years of independence. Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country to have never been colonized by Westerners.
Topic: family

org/content/Thailand/131/index_eng. php) This report will focus on the culture of these rural villagers through the following topics: history, geography, family structure, religion, food, religious and spiritual rules, communication, agents of socialization, and rites of passage. HISTORY It is unclear who the first inhabitants were in what is known as Thailand today. Most historians believe that the Thais began migrating from southern China during the early part of the Christian era.
Topic: family

In 1238 two Thai chieftains created the first independent Thai kingdom – a kingdom that would have a great cultural importance in Thai history. Sukhothai saw the establishment of Theravada Buddhism as the main Thai religion and it was in this period that the first evidence of written Thai was left as well as Thai styles of art such as paintings, sculptures, architecture, and literature. The Ayutthaya Period saw Ayutthaya as the capital for 417 years and was under the rule of 34 kings. The Thais brought their culture to full bloom, and fostered contact with Arabian, Chinese, Japanese, Indian, and European powers.
Topic: family

Ayutthaya was founded in 1350 and it remained the Thai capital until it was invaded and burned by the Burmese in 1767. In the Thonburi Period, the Burmese were ousted by King Taksin and he made Thonburi the capital. In 1782, Rama I (the first king of the current Chakri dynasty) established a new capital called Ban Kok (“Village of the Wild Plums”). The Tattanakasin Period saw the saving of Thailand from Western colonialism, mainly from two Chakri monarchs, King Mongkut (Rama IV) and his son King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). Today, Thailand is a constitutional monarchy with a population of about 53 million people.
Topic: family

The couple begins their married life as part of the wife’s household, and usually remains there for two or three years. Their first child is often born during the years in the wife’s household. After several years with the bride’s parents, most married couples move to a new household that is usually close to the husband’s family. The wife has a choice of taking her husband’s family name or keeping her own, but all children will bear the father’s family name. Strong relations with both the husband and wife’s families continue after marriage.
Topic: family

Divorce is very rare in Thai villages, but the two common reasons for divorce/separation are laziness and adultery. (Bello, 2000, 5) In the villages, houses are built on posts that do not allow animals and insects to come in. The whole family lives in one room, and there is very little privacy. Also, the houses are built on stills because of the tropical monsoons that bring heavy rain into the villages that would flood the houses if they were built on the ground. The houses consist of woven bamboo walls, wooden floors, and thatched roofs that are made out of palm leaves. When entering the houses, people use ladders or stairs.
Topic: family

It creates this religious atmosphere by the use of the words ‘Mass’ and ‘Sunday’. Also, it creates a happy mood with the word ‘summer’, which I believe to be the happiest time of year. The third line in this stanza make me think that the author’s mother was bossy and fussy, yet practical, when she reminds him to see about the cattle. Again this verse tells me that the author is in denial of his mother’s death by the phrase ‘earthliest words’. (THIS IS NOT A PHRASE)
Topic: family

In stanza four, the poet useS the word ‘together’, which tells me that he was close to his mother. The words ‘together through the shops and stalls’ suggest to me that his mother helped him through the obstacles of life; I feel that he is associating the shops, stalls and markets in the poem to life’s obstacles. ‘Free in the oriental streets of thought’ – this line leads me to believe that the author wants to be free and he needs some space and time to think.
Topic: family

, courtship has a clear intent of marrying the person whom you courting. Marriage is the end goal and ending up to be honest to each other and develop deep friendship in the relationship. Lastly in physical connections, chastity is important because it involves religious beliefs. Courtship allows a person learn how to have respect and value for the person. It also allows persons to appreciate each other’s worth and may able to help each other’s confidence and personality. Because of too much involvement of emotions, physical and commitment, it can also result into a negative.
Topic: family

Sometimes people jump into the physical aspect when they start courting which is the least important. This is the result of heavy media exposures that tend people to think that is the right decision, its right way, and it’s the right model or example of it. Courtship is a public affair, done in public and with family approval. It includes activities such as watching movie, going on a date and being a lot with the person to know her more in every aspect and situation. There are two kinds of lengthy courtship described. One is short and the other one is long. But it doesn’t measure or assure of the success of one’s marriage.
Topic: family

”. It really depends on the couple’s demands and agreement. Although the short and long courtship has its own pros and cons. It does not begin on the day when a man asks to pursue a woman, it begins in mind set and lifestyle before marrying. God is the center of the relationship hoping and praying for the better for each other and lead them to the right direction of their relationship. Although the end goal is marriage, partners should not hurry up to get married. They should first see if they are ready and capable to be married.
Topic: family

Courtship also requires love, prayer, patience and oneness. Other importance sited are partners are different so in this time they can adjust to each other, it can establish communication to strengthen the relationship, they can understand each other’s goals and ambitions, it takes practical decisions than romantic ones, it is an opportunity to confirm what you want from the partner, gives an insight to the life of the partner, courtship before marriage indicates partners on how they solve dilemmas in their married life, and in case of incompatibility, it’s easier to break off the engagement than proceed to marrying the person.
Topic: family

, in order to have a successful courtship one must be available meaning partners make sacrifices because of each other’s demand. It will make them understand each other’s emotional, spiritual and financial capacity. One must be of service to yourselves, they must be ready for each other’s needs and make sacrifices to solve the problem that may come to them. Another factor to be successful in courtship is “Break every soul tie”, one must be ready to be loyal and faithful to the partner.
Topic: family

According to this article courtship has evolved rapidly, less-formal and very easy for both parties. The generations as of now or the millenians (age 20’s in this era) are in the “hookup culture” in which relationship and commitments are not present but involves intimacy or sexual aspects. The generation as of now are having a hard time to be serious in a relationship and doesn’t know how to differentiate commitments in a relationship and when to be serious in a relationship. It became easy for the man to gain or win woman’s affection because of the “hookup culture”.
Topic: family

Technology brings a big contribution to the changes of courtship. Traditional dating is seen as obsolete and might offend female according to males. Telephone calls to ask a woman on a date are being replaced with tweets, personal message in facebook and texting to avoid hurtful rejections. First date is usually the time when you know and check the background of your partner- to-be but it became unnecessary when facebook and google are there for you to know his/her information.
Topic: family

In our Philippine culture a man who want to court a woman must be discreet about it and befriend the woman before a man declares his intentions to court a woman. Courtship is termed “Ligawan” in Filipino language. The two can go on a friendly dates with their friends and then they go on a date when they decide to have a boyfriend-girlfriend relationship and announce it to their friends and family. If a man wants to be taken seriously, the man should pay a visit to the woman’s house and give respects to the woman’s family. In the Philippines, courting a Filipina is also courting her family.
Topic: family

Teen pregnancy dose have a huge impact on the society. In fact, most teens think it’s cool to be pregnant. According to the article “The Effect of Teenage Pregnancy on Society” by Amanda Hermes, that being a pregnant teen does have an impact on society. First, it’s causing the rate of school drop outs to go up. Second, the society financial asset is being taken from them. Thirdly, our household it being that they are bringing an extra person in to the house.
Topic: family

Teen pregnancy has a lot of different impacts on the society. With education it’s estimated that over the course of his or her lifetime, a single dropout costs the nations approximately 260,000 in lost earning, taxes, and productivity. As taxpayer our financial asset is being used to help take care of the single teen’s moms. The household bringing an extra person in means worrying about money, sleeping arrangements and stress. So we as a whole in this society need to talk more with our teens and let them know the impact that teen pregnancy have on the society.
Topic: family

Mrs Allonby sees marriages and relationships in terms of ownership, with men ‘always trying to escape from us’; Lady Caroline sees marriage as a tool to control men and to keep them ‘in their proper place’ and Lady Stutfield uses dependency in order to flirt ‘Men are so very, very heartless’, and Hester keeps out of this part of the conversation- perhaps emphasising her naivety in the world of men and women whilst Lady Hunstanton just seems to back up Mrs Allonby and Lady Caroline’s ideas.
Topic: family

She complains of her own marriage; she finds it stale yet she cannot accuse her husband of anything worse than being calm, faithful and uninteresting. When she speaks of the Ideal man, she follows an old stage tradition in the comedy of manners; a witty drama grounded in the battle of the sexes within which the humour chiefly verbal; where the heroine spelt out to her promised what she wanted from the marriage in what was called a proviso scene.
Topic: family

Not one of the group of women has any interest in social change- although at the time the play was being shown, the fourth Married Women’s Property Bill was being debated, previously a wife could own nothing, not even inherited property or anything she earned herself; she was not seen as needing anything for herself, and Mrs Allonby’s topical allusion reminds the audience that these women live in a changing world- rich Englishwomen would soon have some of the economic power and liberty that Hester possesses.
Topic: family

Hester has remained quiet for all of the women’s talk about marriage and the battle of the sexes. Wilde uses Hester to demonstrate the benefits of society without social classes and much less of a divide between the sexes (yet not totally equal) and Wilde’s hope for a society of purpose, passion and principle. Mrs Allonby seems to have noticed Hester’s silence and makes the cool remark, ‘that will do her so much good!
Topic: family

‘ Seemingly trying to deliberately shock her and isolate her even more creating tension on stage and also adding tension to the subplot of Lord Illingworth and Mrs Allonby’s wager to ‘kiss the Puritan’. The theme of manners is up kept here when Lady Hunstanton struggles to defuse the situation by explaining that she need not ‘believe’ all the opinions. Hester totally isolates herself from the clique by effectively calling the women liars and is offered a chance to fit back in and improve her manners by engaging in politely formal conversation about America, yet Hester refuses it.
Topic: family

Hester makes a speech, contrasting everything she has heard wit h the democracy and directness of America which offends the aristocracy, claiming it is ‘shallow, selfish, foolish’ and ‘it is all wrong, all wrong’, and ‘like a leper in purple’ interestingly that particular line was cut after the first showing as it was heavily booed, however Wilde kept it in the published edition of the play- he obviously felt the insult necessary.
Topic: family

Wilde is clever here as he makes this point however makes it easier for the very people Hester is insulting (the audience) to take, as Lady Stutfield responds that they shouldn’t know of these things as it is not very nice, which illustrates Hester’s very point that they ignore the problems, yet makes it easier for the audience to contemplate her point, without being insulted; which would not get Wilde’s point across at all. Hester also scorns Lord Henry Watson, a corrupt aristocrat who has caused the ‘ruin’ of many women- although she says that these women too should suffer ‘Let all women who have sinned be punished’.