ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: racism

Crooks demands isolation because he is black and wants to live alone. He is also called names ” nigger “. He is proberly one of the most disliked people in the story because of the colour of hes skin. But still people say crooks the ” nigger ” is a really nice fellow at the same time. I think they just call him that because at that time they could say or do anything to a nigger and still get away with it. The white boys did not want to sleep in the same room as a black man. I just totally disagree with this because you should not judge a perosn by the colout of the skin. Also crooks himself does not want to sleep with them because of the way the white boys have treated him.
Topic: racism

Crooks him self is a stable buck which is a very low classed job even at that time. The white boys call crooks ” crooks ” because as a stable buck he waz kicked on the back by a horse and he is now got a crooked back. Also the white lads have made crooks fight on christmas day with smitty just so he can sit down and have a drink with the white boys on christmas day. I think that is not acceptable because crooks is already hurt hes back from the accident with the horse and on top of that he had to have a fight with smitty with that injury when smitty was perfectly fine. All they did do was that they tyied hes hands behind hes back so he could not punch crooks but can only kick him.
Topic: racism

This first starts when crooks privacy is invaded by lennie. When lennie enters crooks room without no permission from crooks to cum into the room. Crooks is not very happy when lennie enters the room and says ‘you got no right to come in my room. This here’s my room. Nobody got no rights in here but me’! Crooks says all of this because he is not really happy with lennies presents in the room. As lennie stays longer and longer he starts to find out that lennie is dumb and crooks thinks to him self that he has got the upper hand on lennie.
Topic: racism

Crooks for the first time has got power over someone and that’s a white man. Then lennie gets up and says to crooks ‘why are you not liked on the ranch’ and crooks replys by saying ‘its just because I’m BLACK! Crooks means by this quote that the white men on the ranch do not like him. And also crooks has got nobody to talk to because crooks is the only ” nigger ” on the ranch. Then lennie quickly changes the subject and starts talking about the dream him and George have got. But all crooks thinks is hes ” crazy “. He thinks this because he thinks that lennie doesn’t know what he is talking about.
Topic: racism

Crooks taunts lennie thaat George is not going to come back. And crooks also says he might even get hurt. After crooks has said that ” crooks face lightened up with pleasure in his torture. After crooks has said lennie quickly gets to hes feet and says ” nothing is going to happen to come George he si going to come back safe”. Crooks is really frightened when lennis says’s that and crooks moves further up hes bed and rests hes hands on hes knees. The reason for crooks out burst like that is because all crooks is trying to do is trying to make someone feel like how crooks is feeling by telling lennie when the other boys on the ranch play horse shoe he has to stay in hes room and read a book when he would rather be playing horse shoe with the other workers on the ranch. Crooks is trying say just because i am black they don’t let me play horseshoe. Crooks is trying to gain sympthy from lennie but lennie does not really understand what crooks is trying to say to him. So lennie doesn’t really feel sorry for him because he doesn’t know what going on. So lennie can’t really feel sorry for crooks because he is lost him self in other words.
Topic: racism

The workers on the ranch describe crooks as a ” nigger ” one second and the other second they be saying he is a ” very nice fella “. I think my self that crooks is a very good person and stays quiet throught the book but it is just because of the colour of hes skin he is treated like dirt. Even thought crooks is proberly the most educated person on the farm. Crooks has got a dictionary which is described as ” battered” and ” ripped “and hes also got some ” tatered ” magazines. Also crooks has got some reading books, which are described, as ” dirty “. And all of these things go on a special shelf over hes bunk. When crooks read these books he feels ” proud ” and really ” important ” because at this time not much people could read or write. And on top of all that hes a ” nigger “.
Topic: racism

When we first meet crooks I thought he waz a nasty man because of hes posture and hes colour of hes skin. But looks can be dece-ving because he turned out to be a very well educated person and also soft hearted. It was very unusal for a black man to read or write in these in these times even so most of the white men could not read or write. I really feel sorry for crooks because he is alll alone and must feel really isolated at times or most of the time. And he has got no company at all and he aint even got no one to talk to at all because hes black. If you ask me I think that is really unacceptable because no one should be left alone for that reason.
Topic: racism

He aint got no friends to say ” hello ” too all because of the colour of hes skin. The white boys always pick him on. And even thought it aint hes fault most of the things are blamed on him. Also when the boss is feeling really mad he takes it all out on crooks and crooks just gets shouted at for no reason at all. Crooks on the hireachy he is right at the bottom and hes got no power at all. Even thought he has been one of the people who has been working there the longest and he has been loyal to boss.
Topic: racism

Curley’s wife, the attention seeker always flirts with other prople on the ranch because her husband is always at the cathouse or out and about. And is never at home to care about her. Curley’s wife is one of the most powerful people in the hireachy because she is married to the boses son. She tries to have some comfort with other people. This is because her husband takes no notice of her apart from the sex. She is used for an object of sex.
Topic: racism

When crooks reailses that his chances of being in the dream looked very slim and he crawled back defeated because he can’t say anything to Curley’s wife at all because she has got all the power. She can get him hung from a tree so easy, she can jus say that he waz flirting with me and that’s it he would get hung. If that was a white person being prosequted they would give him a trial and would be taken to court but just because he is black they would just get him hung without any proof he did it or not.
Topic: racism

Going back to the initial question, I think that john Steinbeck doesn’t throw the thought of ‘racism’ in our face. He just hints of the idea and makes do the rest of the thinking. This is proved whenthe worker calls him a ‘nigger’ and also a ‘nice fella’. We had do some thinking to find out that the word ‘nigger is used so much that the workers don’t even think of what the word means.
Topic: racism

Racism features strongly in the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. I think Steinbeck manages to sum up every thing that was wrong with racism and American culture of the time, whilst keeping his views to himself. Steinbeck decided not to write either for or against racism, he just gave you a few scenarios for you the reader to decide whether it was ethical, I think this was very effective as it provokes a response in the reader and also coincides with the plot and time that the story was written.
Topic: racism

Further more on page 41 Steinbeck writes to suggest that Crooks is sometimes used for entertainment, at Christmas Crooks was forced to fight with some one called “Smitty” “little skinner name of Smitty took after the nigger. Done pretty good, too. The guys wouldn’t let him use his feet, so the nigger got him” this quote clearly shows the way Crooks (described as a nigger) being attacked, probably in relation to the colour of his skin.
Topic: racism

Crooks is often called names as well, for instance when Curley’s wife used her social status as a white person to over power him. “She turned to him in scorn. ‘listen nigger” and “well you keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny.” This shows Curley’s wife telling Curley how if he didn’t shut up she would have him hung, probably lynched, this sort of behaviour wasn’t uncommon and Crooks receives a lot of verbal abuse if he doesn’t conform to white peoples rules.
Topic: racism

The conditions in which Crooks lives are sub-standard when compared to the others. “Crooks bed was a long box filled with straw.” (pg. 98) Crooks is described as sleeping in quarters and being treated no better than an animal. This is again, is clearly racism. Crooks also feels left out due to not being listened to. “If I say something, why its just a nigger saying it” (pg. 103) Crooks is saying that no one listens to him and his opinions are un-voiced and worthless.
Topic: racism

However in the culture we live today I doubt such a novel would be so accurate describing racism as such a common place and I also think that it wouldn’t be so acceptable as in general people today are more open minded and racism isn’t as common as it was in America during the 1930s. A few words such as nigger, for definite would not be used as it may offend readers and is no longer acceptable and many more changes along those lines would have to be made.
Topic: racism

The poem ‘Not My Business’ is written by a Nigerian poet Niyi Osundare. This poem is a dramatic monologue and uses a fictional narrator to reflect upon how the Nigerian society is affected by the political and military misuse of power and authority in addition to the people’s rejection to revolt against injustice. The poet uses the narrator’s ignorant and selfish personality to display the abuse of power not only in Nigeria but also around the globe.
Topic: racism

Finally, both poems are also written about different countries, which were affected at different times, by different dictators, who also had different personal intentions for treating the people the way they did. The poets shared attitudes to the societies they live in are clear throughout the poems because the poets have managed to successfully use effective poetic techniques and lines involving themes of oppression, injustice and selfishness to project their feelings. This makes the poems more captivating and thought provoking as well as heart felt and instantly conveys the poet’s message to the readers.
Topic: racism

In ‘Not My Business’ the use of the word ‘yam’ and African names tells us that the poem has an African setting. Osundare uses figurative language throughout to show the brutality of the regime and help the reader empathize with the people suffering under tyranny. The poet has portrayed the narrator as a selfish, greedy character, who thinks that he will never be affected. This creates the impact at the end of the poem when it does indeed happen to him and thus the poet manages to put across the message of the poem that it is infact ‘everyone’s business’. In the first stanza, Akanni is beaten and forcefully pushed into a jeep.
Topic: racism

Osudare uses similes like ‘beat him soft like clay’ which emphasise how extreme the aggression was. Personification is used to create imagery, describing how the victim was ‘stuffed’ down the ‘belly’ of the jeep. The poet’s use of personification here helps to create a horrific image in the readers mind as the jeep is seen as a savage animal, devouring Alkanni. This helps to visualise the violence involved in Alkanni’s arrest and arouses the reader sympathy instantly. Moving on, Osudare also uses a lot of verbs which show acts of physical aggression and violence.
Topic: racism

For instance the lines explaining what happened to Alkanni include verbs such as ‘beat him’ and ‘stuffed him’. The uses of these verbs elucidate how inhumanely they were treated. Following this, the phrase ‘waiting jeep’ proves that Alkanni’s arrest was premediated as they had a vehicle waiting to take her away. The second stanza appears even more threatening, heightening the reader’s sympathy. Osundare describes that they “booted the whole house awake”, meaning that the whole household was violently shaken awake. The use of harsh verbs such as ‘shook’ and ‘booted’ convey the aggression and make the incident sound calamitous and frantic.
Topic: racism

In a democratic society this is unlikely to happen, which would help readers who enjoy more individual freedom to fully comprehend how helpless these people were and the inhumane act they were put through. The line following describes how they mistreated Danaladi with the use of the word ‘dragged’. Osundare’s clever use of verbs makes Danladi’s arrest sound excruciating and ruthless. Towards the end of the second stanza the poet recollects how ‘they’ seized Danladi and took him away ‘to a lengthy absence’. The use of euphemism creates a feeling of uncertainty.
Topic: racism

The poet effectively uses this indirect expression to substitute the terror that Danaladi could have faced either by imprisonment or even death. The uncertainty is very frightening because it emphasises the cruelty faced by these people. This arouses a lot of sympathy because Danaladi future remains unclear and his family is left to wait in the dark not knowing what would happen to him. Although stanza three doesn’t involve violence or aggression, the readers would feel an overwhemming amount of solace at the grave injustice. It is extremely unfair that Chinwea “finds her job was gone”.
Topic: racism

It appears that she wasn’t told or informed earlier and the word ‘find’ tells us that she wasn’t expectant of this and just woke up one day to discover that she lost her job for no apparent reason. This sudden incident of misfortune must have left her troubled and distressed about how to make ends meet. Secondly, the use of tripling in “no query, nowarning, no probe-. “, stresses that it lacked the slightest bit of justice and largely emphasises the unfairness of the incident as she was given no warning, no explanation, no investigation was carried out and no queries were arised about this.
Topic: racism

The phrase ‘stainless record’ implies that she was an ideal worker and the adjective ‘stainless’ implies that she could not be faulted. The use of the adjective neat in ‘neat sack’ proves that it was an act of injustice. Another alarming aspect of the poem is that the events took place at different times of day. For instance Alkanni was tormented and subjected to such atrocity in clear daylight while Danaladi and his whole family was put through extreme truculence and was horrifically abused in the ‘night’ while they were sleeping.
Topic: racism

Racial tension was also a factor in the difficulties that arose between Gideon the servant and Mr and Mrs Farquar when the white scientist came from the city with his preconceived notions that he wouldn’t find anything, to ask for the root that saved Teddy’s eyesight when a poisonous snake spat in his face. The Farquars, who were normally very fond of Gideon even allowing him to live in the compound with his family instead of going home to his kraal like most black servants, still favoured the white scientist over Gideon. They didn’t understand why he would not tell them of the cure, thinking that he was just being unreasonable;
Topic: racism

In ‘Six feet of the country’, Lerice and her husband, like the Farquars, display and informality with their servants that in the midst of Apartheid would have been extremely unusual. They often cared for them when they were ill, however when Petrus’s brother travelled the hundreds of miles from Rhodesia, without the relevant permit, to find work, the servants were afraid to inform Lerice and her husband, causing Lerice to feel offended and hurt.
Topic: racism

Differing values are another idea presented to us by these stories, including the significance of burying Petrus’s brother because the land that he was buried in would be the only thing that really belonged to him and couldn’t be taken away. Gideons cures are also the only thing that truly belongs to the black medicine man and not the white doctors, therefore Gideon being stubborn and not revealing the medicine, is really just preserving a piece of the native culture.
Topic: racism

The authors use various techniques to convey their ideas to us; both use language to communicate the inferiority of the black servants calling them ‘boy’ no matter what age they are, quite literally addressing them as junior to or lower than the whites and then in contrast to this the black servants call the white men ‘baas’, therefore enhancing the superiority of them. Descriptive language is also used to emphasize certain points in the stories. In ‘Six feet of the country’ the funeral procession is depicted as being peculiarly suited to the two donkeys pulling the cart, describing them as having an air of submissiveness and as being downcast.
Topic: racism

This is particularly effective in communicating the mood of the servants not just at the time of the funeral but in general at the time of Apartheid. This also shows how dignified the servants were, although they were extremely poor they still managed to give their dead a formal funeral. Doris Lessing presented the themes of racial tension and difficulties in a normally pleasant relationship between master and servant. The tension was brought on by the Farquars themselves, describing the scientist as the “Big doctor from the big city,” adopting a racist attitude on account of the scientist.
Topic: racism

To be black in Southern Africa at this time would mean being a second class person to be inferior to white people and would spend their lives serving white people. According to the authorities in ‘Six feet of the country’ a black person living in South Africa would have no identity. I believe that the tension illustrated in both of these stories was caused by a lack of understanding the white people had of the black culture and traditions, I also believe that Doris Lessing and Nadine Gordimer have effectively conveyed the themes that I have highlighted, racial tension, difficult relationships or relationship barriers and differing values with the use of language, the way they presented the characters and the presentation of the themes.
Topic: racism

This point leads onto McGough’s views on teacher/pupil relationships. The poet implies that there is very little respect for the teacher as the children carry on talking and he is ‘ignored’. Throughout the rest of the poem we see the teacher carry out his anger on his class, even the headmaster joins in, someone who is seen as having a high authority and someone who must care for the children to the best ability he can. The third view we see the poet has is that schools are potentially threatening environments.
Topic: racism

In ‘The Lesson’ structure and form is used by Roger McGough to write about violence and tension in schools. The opening two lines are in italics, which clearly separates them from the rest of the poem. It is almost as if it is not part of the poem itself but an introduction. It asks an ironic question and the poem beneath it is an answer. The strong rhythm of ‘The Lesson’ suits the disturbing yet powerful poem. Rhyme is used every second and fourth line and the stanzas frequently end with a horrific line such as ‘put the gun to his temple and fired’. This adds to the shocking focus in the poem.
Topic: racism

Carol Ann Duffy uses structure and form in ‘Comprehension’ to discuss the environment at schools by using her ventriloquist techniques by using seven different characters. Each one has a unique view, so the poet can use several opinions on tension among youths. Carol Ann Duffy uses enjambement in this poem so that the poem would be read without any particular rhythm. The structure of Wayne’s sentences are very short and this tells us that he is not properly educated, which may be one of the reason why he is racist, because he does not know how to accept the cultures of others.
Topic: racism

The title ‘The Lesson’ could be interpreted in two ways. It could mean a school lesson such as mathematics or it could mean retribution and then the common clichï¿½ ‘Im going to teach you a lesson’ is used in a literal way which creates a sense of danger and fear. Puns are also used in ‘The Lesson’ as the teacher declares that ‘first come, first severed’, which is taken from ‘first come first serve’.
Topic: racism

At line 36, silence has its hands up, as if to surrender to the teacher. The teacher has won the war. The readers recognize the clichï¿½s and puns Roger McGough has cleverly used and this makes the poem more comical for us to read. ‘School-speak’ such as ‘Homework will be set’ and ‘Please may I leave the room sir?’ is used to help the readers feel comfortable placing an odd situation in a well-known place.
Topic: racism

White racialism has deep historical roots. In the historical period of the New World, the Europeans, who carried out the unprecedented military, economic, religious, cultural expansion, became the dominant race and began to impose their own cultural standards, moral and religious norms and values and rules of conduct, along with their exploitation of other races. This formed the position of superiority. It gave the possibility (and until recently it was also perceived as a legal right) to consider the rest of the races as “backward,” “underdeveloped,” “wild,” “inferior,” etc.
Topic: racism

State racist policy and ideology also contributed to this. For example, in the Republic of South Africa, where immigrants from Europe dominated, until 1991, the racist policy of apartheid was carried out. There was the separate residence of the white ruling minority and the overwhelming majority of black Africans. The government encouraged the propaganda of racism and prohibited any criticism of it. This example can be classified as the extreme. In other countries, for example, in the United States America, there was also a state racist policy, however, not in such a total version as in southern Africa.
Topic: racism

Today there is no state racialism. Nevertheless, even deprived of institutional support in the form of laws prescribing racial segregation and apartheid, the prohibition of racist propaganda, it continues to exist at the individual level in everyday relationships. American social psychologists, who probably more than others demonstrate concern about the problem of racism and who conducted the largest number of studies of racism prejudice, believe that now in the US traditional frank and rude racialism was transformed into modern, so-called symbolic racism, which is expressed in discrimination in hiring, choosing a place of residence, with the establishment of public order and social relations.
Topic: racism

The decision of the Supreme Court in 1954 was the first step to combat racism. It recognized illegal racial segregation in schools (separate education of black and white children) and confirmed the equal political and civil rights of all US citizens regardless of the color of their skin, either in the country itself or elsewhere. However, the social division is supported behind the scenes. And since now it is considered reprehensible and criminal from the point of view of the law to manifest frank racialism, modern racism has acquired more subtle, disguised forms of expression.
Topic: racism

Go over the impact the Stephen Lawrence query has had on the Bad Guy Justice System? This essay will evaluate through the changes made in major locations of Lawbreaker Justice System after the Stephen Lawrence Questions Report released and attempts to resolve modifications that have actually already executed, the supposed and actual results, and efficiency of these modifications in taking on institutional racism primarily based upon qualitative scholastic debates. The murder of Stephen Lawrence, a black British teen, in a racist attack in 1993, resulted in a detailed query published in 1999 describing the existence of institutional bigotry and as numerous as 70 recommended changes in policies regarding how cops should communicate with ethnic minority groups such that these individuals will rely on cops, along with the practice of handling hate crime.
Topic: racism

It is noted that the Metropolitan Police Force accepted this definition and criticism (House of Commons Home Affair Committee, 2009) despite initial strong reaction from frontline officers (Foster et al, 2005, Foster 2008). In academic setting the acceptance of such definition is disputed, however. While earlier journal articles criticized the definition of institutional racism, and sometimes the whole inquiry report, as flawed and problematic (for example McLaughlin and Murji 1999, Innes 1999, Anthias, 1999), later academic articles and reports focus on monitoring the implementation of suggestions and appreciation of changes suggested in the inquiry report. While the definition of institutional racism is not the focus in assessing the overall effectiveness of Stephen Lawrence Inquiry on criminal justice system, how people react with this definition is crucial, and the initial unwelcoming reaction towards the inquiry report probably explains the significant delay in implementing some of the suggested changes. The other focus area on policing is stop and search power and practices.
Topic: racism

In the report Macpherson (1999) recommends more detailed records on stop and search incidents, which requires two copy of records detailing the reason for the search, the findings and action taken, and ethnic identity provided by the person being searched. While one copy is retained by police force, the other copy must be given to the person being searched. The record is simplified to a receipt in 2009 only showing ethnicity of the person being searched and the location, and the full record can now only obtain in person at police station or online (Bennetto 2009, Miller 2010). Bennetto (2009) expressed concern in his report, claiming such change “shift[s] back towards the discredited pre-1995 model”. Such concern is reasonable because it can be seen as tightening of information freedom, which contradicts to what Macpherson hoped to achieve through his suggestion on stop and search records.
Topic: racism

No changes are suggested in relation to stop and search power, which the reason is not suggested. Changes in stop and search practices are, however, can be observed, as stated in Miller’s (2010) evaluation. Apart from periodically publishing stop and search records, supervisors and managers of police force are now required to closely monitor such statistics and take timely actions if something wrong is being observed. Also stricter rules on stop and search have since been imposed, along with the requirement of police officers writing a detailed report on spot about every single incident which subjects to review seems helpful in improving police conduct (Fyfe 1979; Skogan and Frydl 2004 in Miller 2010). While stop and search practice has been somehow improved, racial discrimination can still be seen in stop and search statistics. The notion of “Black and minority ethnic groups, particularly black people, have for many years been disproportionately at the receiving end of police stop and search—a fact associated with profound community resentment towards the police” (Bowling and Phillips 2002 in Miller 2010) still largely applies today.
Topic: racism

Miller’s (2010) analysis indicate that black people are about 6 times more likely to be stopped and searched, while it is about 2 times more likely for Asians. Similar idea is seen in Bennetto’s (2009) report, which draws on police statistics that shows in 2009 “black people are seven times more likely to be stopped and searched than white”, worse than Miller’s analysis with the most recent figures in 2008. No official explaination is provided by Police, but Bennetto (2009) assumes this may be caused by simply discrimination of police officers against black youths or misunderstanding of black youths as ‘problem seekers’ by police officers that prompts them to carry out stop and search. This can be seen as a weakness in Macpherson report as such issue still exists after related recommendations have been implemented (House of Commons Home Affair Committee, 2009). Another area addressed in policing is the significant underrepresentation of police officers with self-claimed minority ethnic identity.
Topic: racism

Macpherson examined this issue with particular focus on employment practices of police force. Although Black Police Associations have existed well before the inquiry report published, it has been viewed as “fragile” (Holdaway and O’Neill, 2006), and Macpherson report have actually overseen this as a tool for promoting recruitment of minority ethnic police officers, particularly black. The result is that police force still faces difficulties in recruiting ethnic minority police officers thus unable to achieve their set targets (House of Commons Home Affair Committee 2009, Foster et al 2005). New recruit training scheme has since been launched, however it is the organizational culture, dominated by racism, that creates the ‘glass ceiling’ of ethnic minority and women police officers which fears such potential applicants off regardless of what the police force attempt to promote in recruitment advertisement (Fielding, 1999).
Topic: racism

Legislation and Adjudication is not a focus area in Macpherson report. Macpherson (1999) only suggested current sentencing practices to remain in place, and the abolishment of double jeopardy rule on murder charges due to seriousness of such crime. The abolishment of double jeopardy rule on murder charges seems to have nothing to do with institutional racism; rather, this change, implemented only in 2005, seems only to pave the path for retrial on the murder of Stephen Lawrence, which the police force admits to have been mishandled (Foster et al, 2005). It is a positive move, however, because such change in legislation allows two of the perpetuators to be sentenced to prison and clearly demonstrate how the criminal justice system accept criticism on past mistakes. There are debates on overall effectiveness of the changes suggested in Macpherson report. One claim, as noted in Rowe’s work (2004) and Waddington’s (1999), is that institutional racism is so deeply rooted in police force in which discrimination has actually become a culture, evidenced by female officers and those of ethnic minorities do not receive equal opportunities in promotion.
Topic: racism

Innes (1999) also claimed in his work that Macpherson report focus too much on institutional racism and “fails to understand the complexities and subtleties intrinsic to, and constitutive of this particular aspect of police work”, and at the same time “displays a tendency to conflate what are in actuality separate problems of racism and systemic management failures”, thus raising doubts in the overall effectiveness of the suggestions. However, official report in 2009 indicates that the recommendations are being implemented with positive feedback (House of Commons Home Affair Committee, 2009). In recent journal articles, although concerns have been raised as well, there are still acknowledgements of changes being implemented and positive outcomes have been observed (Bennetto 2009, Miller 2010, Rowe 2004).
Topic: racism

It can be seen that if all the changes are implemented, institutional racism can be effectively tackled; one cannot expect it to completely diminish, however. To conclude, it is obvious the Criminal Justice System has positively implemented to almost all of the suggested changes in the Macpherson Report. The time taken to implement these changes, however, is considered too long that hate crimes, similar to the murder of Stephen Lawrence, has not been addressed timely before 2005. The limitation of the Macpherson inquiry in the areas of policing, legislation and adjudication practices only leads to issues in correction institutions not properly addressed. However, as the inquiry itself is based on a single unresolved hate crime that occurred 6 years before the inquiry, one cannot expect the inquiry to address every single issue in the criminal justice system.
Topic: racism

In fact, the coverage of Macpherson inquiry is so wide that institutional racism has been properly tackled in the past ten years, although still exists today because it has become a culture so deeply rooted in the criminal justice system that complete elimination is virtually impossible. Not all intended effects of the changes can be seen by now, but there is an obvious trend that the criminal justice system has accepted the criticism as institutional racist and moving on the right direction to have things amended. In recent years human right advocacies such as Equality and Human Rights Commission has put an eye on this particular issue and with their consistent lobbying effort, one can expect major progress in eliminating institutional racism from criminal justice system to be successfully achieved in foreseeable future.
Topic: racism

There are two kinds of Negroes in the American society, according to Malcolm X. They are the subservient house Negro” and the subversive “field negro. ” After making a detailed comparison between the two in the body of his speech, he categorically describes himself a “field negro” (X, Malcolm 1). Malcolm X is what he said he is as a field negro – a defiant black nationalist, with little regard, if at all, in the social institutions founded by white American masters, a representative of the mass of African Americans struggling to unfetter the chain that held the black people to slavery for over four centuries.
Topic: racism

Then, he said “I am a field Negro” (X, Malcolm 1) to show where he stood on the issue. He was a confident public speaker, gesturing like a true professional, like a brilliant pastor behind his pulpit. He knew his audience and made sure that he delivered the message that they wanted to hear and did it with aplomb as he underscored every sound bite that appealed to them. He was Master X behind the rostrum. His message reverberated across America with the same force and appeal that catapulted Martin Luther King Jr. into American consciousness. However, his message had none of the diplomacy and statesmanship presented by King.
Topic: racism

Malcolm X’s message was radical, uncompromising, violent, and sweeping – and should be better viewed and understood in the context of the era which bred his kind. He preached tit-for-tat as a principle of self-defense and belittled King’s calls for “civil disobedience” and “non-violence. ” Malcolm X envisioned an entirely different route in his efforts to liberate the black people from slavery. His idea of freedom and liberation was for the establishment of a black republic within the United States or return of black people to their respective homelands in Africa, ideas that tended to divide rather than unite more African Americans.
Topic: racism

Moreover, he made more enemies than friends in the process of advancing these ideas in the forum of public opinion. Clearly, his ideas were more of a vindictive reaction to centuries of slavery, discrimination, and persecution in the hands of their American masters rather than a well-thought out plan to correct inequities which many well-meaning white Americans had along realized to be wrong and were willing to rectify. Malcolm’s ideas have more rhetoric than bites, more wishful thinking than real. His allegations of racism were directed to all white Americans, which maybe true but not that quite all encompassing.
Topic: racism

White American could likewise allege that Malcolm X was a racist for putting all white American together as abusive slave drivers. While some may practice racism, white Americans can claim that not everyone is racist, which is quite true. Malcolm X is a racist himself for his unforgiving tirades against white Americans. Racism is wrong no matter who practices it – black, white, yellow, or brown. As a Muslim convert, he cited the Koran, the Muslim bible, to preach the principle of “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth” (Breitman 12).
Topic: racism

He said, “If someone lays his hand on you, send him to the cemetery” (Breitman 12). While he supported King’s civil rights movement in principle, he distanced himself from actively supporting the movement through King’s numerous sit-ins and other protest actions that reverberated across America and roused leaders from Washington D. C. to take notice and spur them to seriously consider the issues presented. The success of the civil rights movement was correctly attributed to King’s strategy of “civil disobedience” not sanctioned by X’s Muslim religion.
Topic: racism

If his plan to fight “tooth for tooth,” then the turn of events in the United States would have been different, with the black people being probably shot down for terrorism and mayhem. Then, that would have ended the black American’s struggle for liberty and independence. As if Malcolm X’s call to arms and racist statements were not enough, he called for the return of American Africans to their home countries and the establishment of a black republic within the United States which this writer believes could have altered the course of American history.
Topic: racism

He called for the establishment of a Pan African Republic to consolidate all black Americans in the United States. It was an outrageous proposal, but nevertheless it won support among the many members of the black community, particularly the young. It was primarily his forceful voice and the compelling drama that he managed to inject into his speeches that enthralled audiences. He was not the ambulant speaker that many of today’s so-called TV evangelists practice to appeal to TV viewers, strolling around the stage as they deliver their speeches.
Topic: racism

He was regal as he stood firm on the podium, cool and calculating, an authoritative figure that spoke in forceful cadence, his hand movements providing the beat from which his voice would follow in different speed, pitches and timbres. He spoke from memory and extemporaneously, reading his lines from the ohs and ahs of his audience, spending more time and adding more lines on issues that drew the most reaction from his audience. He appealed to his audience’s heart, telling them stories from everyday life and from classic books that chronicle their struggles as a people, like Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
Topic: racism

He described the “house negro” as Uncle Tom, outfitted in suit just like his master and happy to be in his company. He said there were more Uncle Toms in their midst as the crowd roared in agreement (Breitman 12). . But he assured his audience that there are more “field Negros” in their midst, all of whom were firm in their belief in freedom and independence for all black Americans. He told them they need to be firm and strong, that it was alright to defend one’s self from force and intimidation. To kill their enemies if and when necessary to uphold one’s identity (Breitman 12).
Topic: racism

He said it was not alright to suffer in silence and invoked the Koran, the Muslim bible, as the source of his enlightenment. He appealed even to criminal elements to be prepared for a possible encounter against the whites. He told them to be in the forefront of the struggle and drew the loudest cheers. Malcolm X was the opposite of Dr. Luther King, who espoused peace. If King was a rebel, X was a revolutionary who hated white Americans, no matter who they were. They had only two similarities, or maybe three.
Topic: racism

They were both blacks, both supported civil rights and liberties, and both were fiery speakers and staunchly independent-minded. Later, they were both to die in assassin’s bullets. The speeches of Malcolm X were fiery from beginning to end – and his speech on the house and field Negros were no exception. At the end of his speech, he once again stoke the fire of what he claimed to be 400 years of slavery and discontent by a call to arms, urging all blacks not just in America but across the globe to rise in arms against white America.
Topic: racism

His speech was always laden with hate and bigotry, urging everyone to take arms in the guise of self-defense. His humor, while evident and indeed funny, was lost in the mood of his message, comical yet contemptuous. While his premises were sound, it appeared that his conclusion was not. This writer believes any call for violence is unjustified when the other party shows a sincere desire to listen and understand the concerns of the opposite camp. Malcolm X’s insistent calls to arms were valid only when white America refused to talk. When
Topic: racism

it expressed its desire to settle matters over a negotiating table, then Malcolm X’s revolutionary actuations were no longer valid and, therefore, inconsistent with our nature as rational human beings. Moreover, there was no need to draw a wedge between the home negro and the field negro if they were both willing to listen and understand what the other party has to say. So, what is wrong if the house negro is used by white America to sound out the field negro for a possible peace talk. To sustain peace in the United States, all parties involved in the conflict should discuss the issues in a civil manner, rather than fight over it in
Topic: racism

the battlefield. It was enough for Malcolm X to explain the distinction between the house Negro and the field Negro, but debasing one over the other was outright uncalled for, uncivil, and a threat to peace. The speech was far from neutral and simply being informative. It was racism seen from other end. It had Malcolm X’s signature all over it for his unequivocal posture over racism, self-hate, and community empowerment taken to an extreme that is too obtrusive for complacency and comfort. This former “ghetto youth” is a dangerous icon for today’s rebellious youth.
Topic: racism

(1995), directed by Carl Franklin and starring Denzel Washington and Jennifer Beals, is clearly a film noir with all the entertainment appeals of that genre, mystery, murder, and suspense, the film goes beyond that genre appeals and reveals certain contemporary social implication, in particular, that the film is as much about the relations of blacks and whites in the 90’s as in the 40’s, the time in which the film is set; and an understanding of this racial motif, especially as it deals with White police power and corruption over Blacks , the Black image of the American
Topic: racism

Mosley says, “When people like my books, they say I transcended the genre. A broad audience gives the mystery writer a chance to address social issues like race, not just preach to the converted.”  Today’s crime writers, black and white alike, are tackling the subject of race and that is definitely lacking in mainstream fiction and movies.  Many writers don’t look at racial issues as problems to resolve.  They write the clues on how society works or how it doesn’t work.
Topic: racism

When looking at the first racial motif, authoritarian racism, the interrogation scene was very powerful.  This scene has been commonly played out in the news and media and is still present in today’s society.  In the movie, Easy was taken in for questioning when, after a women he had questioned and stayed with the night before was found beaten to death.  It was during this interrogation that Easy experienced insults and beatings to try and get information or a confession from him.
Topic: racism

In a review by Ed Guerro he stated, “The routine insults and violence the police inflict on Rawlins, including a cop punching him during interrogation, is directed by Franklin with a world-weary sense of realism.  The scene shows the detailed touch of someone who is familiar with the workings of authoritarian racism.” (419).  Another character in the movie was named Mouse, a trusting and loyal friend of Easy, that clearly had mental issues and was explosive to say the least.  Leon Lewis describes him as, “a cautionary symbol of the unleashed anger that centuries of indignity and oppression can produce.” (137). This, could be said, is a direct result of authoritarian racism and a powerful picture of the effects this has on human behavior.
Topic: racism

Another theme portrayed in the movie was Blacks and the American dream.  This was understood when Easy was talking of his home and job.  The common ideal is the same if you are black or white.  The house, the job and the 3.5 kids in today’s society, home ownership is certainly a striving point for all Americans, but if you are black your options are limited.  As a cultural product we tend to live in an area that we feel comfortable and feel safe living.  I agree with Ed Guerro’s comments that the end of the film showed a “contemporary pessimism” of that separation (420).
Topic: racism

Jack Mathews wrote, “There was a time during and immediately after the war, when South Central Los Angeles represented the American Dream top blacks who migrated there for jobs in the area’s booming aircraft industry, and then the American Disappointment, as they became the first to lose their jobs when the boom ended.” (423). Easy’s dreams were almost shattered when he lost is job because of racial motivation.  His fear of losing his home ultimately drove him to seek work that under other circumstances he would have never taken.
Topic: racism

The plot of the whole story began to unfold when Easy finally found Daphne Monet, the woman he had been hired to find.  She had been threatened that her true ethnic background would be exposed to bring down her fiancée who was running for office against a man who molested children.  In desperation Daphne had gotten photo’s that could bring the blackmailer to his knees.  This brought up the issue of miscegenation and interracial dating.  Ed Guerro comment in the
Topic: racism

Probably in some of the population there are spoken and unspoken beliefs that there should be a separation of white and black as couples.  But, that ideal is slowly fading away as the world becomes more global.  Jack Mathews believed that even though the story is mainly on the interracial romance he believes that Franklin, the director, doesn’t make the point on the class issues obvious and I agree.  Leon Lewis wrote in his review, “The interracial aspect of their relationship and the eventual disclosure that she is from a racially mixed family provides an element of intrigue and pathos…” (137).
Topic: racism

The character of Easy Rawlins is very race-conscious this is shown in the scene when Easy was to meet with Mr. Albright and had an altercation with a group of young whites on the pier.  Also, aspects of the plot revolve around racial and social identity.  In the book, race is tied closely to social class. However, I think that would be an incorrect assessment of the modern tendency to classify any discussion of racial issues as “racism.” The treatment of race and racism in Devil in a Blue Dress is an undercurrent theme and a hard reality of the characters’ lives.
Topic: racism

Race is the enduring, heartbreaking problem of American society and always has been.  It lurks behind discussions of many public issues.  The American struggle with race gives us reason to hope and reasons to fear the future.  On the website PublicAgenda.org statistics and issues that are at the top of American concern are discussed and very helpful when trying to understand the issue of race.  The website does acknowledge that, “By many standards, minorities are much better off than they were 40 years ago, when the civil rights movement won its most enduring victories.  High school and college graduation rates, life expectancy, home ownership and political participation all have risen substantially for African Americans.”
Topic: racism

Black poverty rate has hit its lowest level ever.  But it also states that blacks are three times more likely to be poor and twice as likely to be unemployed.  A black man with a college degree makes less than whites and that 13% of black men are ineligible to vote because of felony convictions.  In a more recent study medical treatment for blacks was judged less than whites and that was even with the same insurance.  Keeping racial issues in the publics eye is the only way we, the human race, is ever going to have the chance to eliminate a problem that affects and hurts so many people.