ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: racism

However,the reader must also not fail to recognize that this style of racism,this malicious treatment of African- Americans,this degrading attitude towards them is all stylized of the pre- Civil War tradition. Racism is only mentioned in the novel as an object of natural course and a precision to the actual views of the setting then. Huckleberry Finn still stands as a powerful portrayal of experience through the newfound eyes of an innocent boy. Huck only says and treats the African-American culture accordingly with the society that he was raised in. To say anything different would truly be out of place and setting of the era.
Topic: racism

Twain’s literary style in capturing the novel,Huck’s casual attitude and candid position,and Jim’s undoubted acceptance of the oppression by the names all signifies this. The thesis has three chapters. Chapter one is introduction of the whole work. Chapter two give some information about the criticism literature. Chapter three give a deep look at the research about the racial problems in the book Huck Finn. Chapter four is the conclusion part. 1 Literature Review Literary criticism is an attempt to evaluate and understand the creative writing,the literature of an author.
Topic: racism

Literature includes plays, essays,novels,poetry,and short stories. Literary criticism is a description,analysis,evaluation,or interpretation of a particular literary work or an author’s writings as a whole. Literary criticism is usually expressed in the form of a critical essay. In-depth book reviews are also sometimes viewed as literary criticism. Controversial in death as he was in life,Mark Twain has been seriously accused by some of being a”racist writer,”whose writing is offensive to black readers,perpetuates cheap slave-era stereotypes,and deserves no place on today’s bookshelves.
Topic: racism

To those of us who have drunk gratefully of Twain’s wisdom and humanity,such accusations are ludicrous. But for some people they clearly touch a raw nerve,and for that reason they deserve a serious answer. Let’s look at the book that is most commonly singled out for this criticism,the novel that Ernest Hemingway identified as the source of all American literature:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. For Twain’s critics,the novel is racist on the face of it,and for the most obvious reason:many characters use the word”nigger”throughout.
Topic: racism

But since the action of the book takes place in the south twenty years before the Civil War,it would be amazing if they didn’t use that word. A closer reading also reveals Twain’s serious satiric intent. In one scene,for instance,Aunt Sally hears of a steamboat explosion. “Good gracious! anybody hurt? “she asks. “No’m,”comes the answer. “Killed a nigger. ” But anyone who imagines that Mark Twain meant this literally is 580???? SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION2010?? 5? missing the point.
Topic: racism

Rather,Twain is using this casual dialogue ironically, as a way to underscore the chilling truth about the old south,that it was a society where perfectly”nice”people didn’t consider the death of a black person worth their notice. To drive the point home,Twain has the lady continue: “Well,it’s lucky,because sometimes people do get hurt. ” That’s a small case in point. But what is the book really about? It’s about nothing less than freedom and the quest for freedom. It’s about a slave who breaks the law and risks his life to win his freedom and be reunited with his family,and a white boy who becomes his friend and helps him escape.
Topic: racism

Because of his upbringing,the boy starts out believing that slavery is part of the natural order;but as the story unfolds he wrestles with his conscience,and when the crucial moment comes he decides he will be damned to the flames of hell rather than betray his black friend. And Jim,as Twain presents him,is hardly a caricature. Rather,he is the moral center of the book,a man of courage and nobility,who risks his freedom–risks his life–for the sake of his friend Huck. Note,too,that it is not just white critics who make this point.
Topic: racism

Booker T. Washington noted how Twain”succeeded in making his readers feel a genuine respect for’Jim,'”and pointed out that Twain,in creating Jim’s character,had”exhibited his sympathy and interest in the masses of the negro people. ” The great black novelist Ralph Ellison,too,noted how Twain allows Jim’s”dignity and human capacity”to emerge in the novel. “Huckleberry Finn knew,as did Mark Twain[Ellison wrote],that Jim was not only a slave but a human being[and]a symbol of humanity… and in freeing Jim,Huck makes a bid to free himself of the conventionalized evil taken for civilization by the town”–in other words,of the abomination of slavery itself.
Topic: racism

In fact,you can search through all of Twain’s writings,not just the thirty-plus volumes of novels,stories,essays,and letters,but also his private correspondence,his posthumous autobiography and his intimate journals,and you’ll be hard put to find a derogatory remark about the black race–and this at a time when crude racial stereotypes were the basic coin of popular fiction,stage comedy,and popular songs. What you find in Twain is the opposite:a lively affection and admiration for black Americans that began when he was still a boy and grew steadily through the years.
Topic: racism

In a widely praised post-Civil War sketch titled”A True Story,”for example,he wrenchingly evoked the pain of an ex-slave as she recalls being separated from her young son on the auction block, and her joy at discovering him in a black regiment at war’s end. And on those occasions when Twain does venture to compare blacks and whites,the comparison is not conspicuously flattering to the whites. Things like: ?”One of my theories is that the hearts of men are about alike,all over the world,whatever their skin-complexions may be. ” ?”Nearly all black and brown skins are beautiful,but a beautiful white skin is rare.
Topic: racism

” ?”There are many humorous things in the world;among them is the white man’s notion that he is less savage than all the other savages. ” 2 Methods/Research Design The null hypothesis for this research is that half of the university students study literature will think that there are racial discrimination in the book Huck Finn and others won’t. 1000 students in their third and forth years of university will be the subject. They must never see the book or the movie of Huck Finn. They come from both big cities and rural area. They are divided into four groups.
Topic: racism

The first two groups(each has 250 students)include the students from big cities,part of them students from rural areas. First,all of them will hear the story of Huck Finn. Then they wi answer relevant questions about the images of Huck Finn in th questionnaires and during the interviews. The questions are about th using method of language,the plot design and the thinking of Huck,et Finally,the movie of Huck Finn will be shown. Students will describe th image of Huck and their views about racial problems in this book According to their answers,different answers will be divided into differen groups.
Topic: racism

After these works,comes the analyses of the statistics and dat After comparing the answers of the four groups,gives the conclusio whether literary students from big cities and from rural areas have th same opinion of the racial discrimination in this book. As expected,half o them will have the same opinion and half of them won’t. 3 Anticipated Results 3. 1 Time-Table My studies will last more than two years. I decide to spend about 5 hours per month on my studies. I plan to spend the first six month developing my proposal and methodology and completing the literatur review.
Topic: racism

During this period,I will also attend some relevant courses abou reader’s response theory. Then I will spend about six months i questionnaires and interviews. After that,I plan to spend eight months i analyzing the statistics and data. Finally,four month will be used mainl on the thesis. February 2008–Aug. 2008 *Develop proposal and methodology and complete the literatur review *Attend some relevant courses about reader’s response theory Aug. 2008–Feb. 2009 *Design the questionnaires Collection of official and unofficia statistic Feb. 2009-October 2009.
Topic: racism

*INTERVIEWS October 2009–Feb. 2008 *Analysis the statistics and data *Mainly work on the thesis 3. 2 Anticipated result University students from different countries will have differen opinion on the same thing. As expected,half of them will have the sam opinion and half of them won’t. However,if the result doesn’t suppo my anticipated result,I will try to find the weakness of my researc design,and improve it. Then do the research again and again. If I als can not get the anticipated result,I will accept the result with a scientifi attitude. ?????? [1]David E.
Topic: racism

As the Kantians believed, each person has a capacity for rational deliberation and choice and as such, an autonomous being with dignity and therefore, ought to be respected by virtue of being human persons. The evolution of King’s ideological perspective may therefore be construed in such way that it is a product, both of his experiences as a black living in a white-dominated society and his philosophical and political development and this may be inferred from Fairclough’s book, “Martin Luther King, Jr. ”, 1995.
Topic: racism

King’s speeches very clearly communicate his views: “I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality…. I have the audacity to believe that peoples everywhere can have three meals a day for their bodies, education and culture for their minds, and dignity, equality, and freedom for their spirits[…] (as cited by Carson, 1998). Three important points about King and his political thrusts, philosophical orientation and as to why he may be called a “radical democrat” may be inferred from the aforementioned quotation in his speech.
Topic: racism

First, as a leading figure in “civil rights movement” King believed in the tenets of democracy and liberalism in the sense that he believed that both white and black Americans must have fair treatment in the realm of the law, for the purpose of law itself is the administration of social justice. Second, he believed in the “non-necessity of violence”. Influenced by Mahatma Gandhi’s “civil disobedience”, he believed that there are peaceful ways in and through which the problem of political and economic injustice may be resolved.
Topic: racism

It may further be inferred that for him, political, economic and social change can best be achieved not through violence [and that the government should not keep itself busy from going to war, as in the case of the Vietnam War] nor by transforming a portion or a sector of society but what is needed is a restructuring of the society as a whole. King believed that a “revolution of values” is a matter of strict necessity. King’s views may be identified as “radical” in this sense.
Topic: racism

Third, he believed and fought not only for civil rights but also for economic changes especially labor rights and lobbied for law reforms to be enacted to protect Negroes from exploitation and oppressive schemes adopted by employers. These include fair treatment and equal work opportunity, just compensation, etc. This is how he carried out his beliefs in the Memphis Strike and the Poor People’s Campaign. King served as a voice crying for the emancipation not only of black Americans but also of other human beings from the chains of oppression.
Topic: racism

The fault is, at bottom, deeply embedded with the minds of persons and a wrong value system, a wrong sense of pride and nationality, for it fails, in the Kantian sense, to respect persons for the sake of being human persons, not as mere means and tools that another person or race may use but as ends-in-themselves, possessing the capacity for rational thought, capable of making rational choices and thereby, beings that are autonomous and dignified and for the aforementioned reasons, deserve to be respected.
Topic: racism

The Brownies description of troop 909 “They were white women, their skin tones a blend of ice cream: strawberry, vanilla in the very first few lines it is extremely clear that racial concerns and partition is a primary topic. The author ZZ Packer did a fantastic task stating given that the beginning that the stories was going to be confrontational “Troop 909 was doomed from the very first day of camp;” Segregation is likewise still occurring throughout this time since there is no diversity in the members of the each troop, one is all African American and the other is all Caucasian ladies.
Topic: racism

The ladies immediately start being disrespectful and unfavorable with the white women calling them “wet Chihuahuas” that they smelled bad. The brownies are not thinking about even being familiar with the girls. No matter what the white women would do, the brownies would be frustrated regardless. You can inform that the ladies are very uninformed color/race given that there fourth grade class started utilizing “Caucasian” as a joke whenever the kids felt it suit.
Topic: racism

The confrontation is promised in the part when Octavia commanded that every girl in the brownie troop by no means allow absolutely any one to disrespect any other the members by calling them “niggers.” Later that day one Arnetta says she heard one of the girls from troop 909 call them a “nigger.” At first one did not seem too concerned but as the day went on the thought had simmered inside her and she wanted some form of revenge. ZZ Packer showcases the Brownies secret racial hatred for the white girls through ironic humor. She transmits hidden philosophical messages to the reader through her words. While explaining the significance of a secret meeting, she also talks about the meaning of a secret saying, “A secret meant nothing; it was like gossip: just a bit of unpleasant knowledge about someone who happened to be someone other than yourself”. This is an effectual use of dramatic irony because the definition Packer provides for “gossip” is the basis of the entire story.
Topic: racism

The Brownies creates the lie that one of the white girls used the racial slur “nigger” and this drives the rest of the story. Racism is also very apparent in the story line at no giving point in the story do you read anything about the scouts doing an activity together or mingling. Its this way it keep the animosity building up. The white girls seemed to always be the first ones doing everything. It demonstrate in a subtle way that they are superior than the black girls to us the reader. Whites are viewed as the better race in an all African American community. Everything about the girls in troops 909 radiate beauties that result in an envy and hatred from the brownies. “Their long, shampoo-commercial hair, straight as spaghetti from the box” such phrases are triggers that add up to bringing out racism. ZZ packer demonstrates how we are all in a way deprived and unfortunate.
Topic: racism

The curve ball in the plot where the brownies encounter troop 909 and they discover that the girls are mentally challenged, put out in the open the unfairness and injustice experienced by society. The irony lies in that the brownies are now superior to the white girls because of their condition. It is interesting how from the beginning of the story we are made aware of Laurel feelings towards her father. Laurel was so captivated by Daphne’s poem “you are my father the veteran”. Laurel probably feels very proud of her father and the positive role he plays in her life. Once she started telling the girls about the story of the Mennonites. “ I now understood what he meant, and why he did it, though I didn’t like it”.
Topic: racism

As laurel keeps telling the girls about her father’s action. An epiphany happened to her. Her father was doing the same things the Mennonites even though they were painting his porch he was not nice to them. It implies the insensibility people have to chosen to adopt when it comes to living peacefully with other races. Using irony and contrast, ZZ Packer tells us that it is unimaginable to find perfection in our world or an individual. no one is perfect and it is this inevitable imperfection of life that inflicts deprivation and misfortune in human lives.
Topic: racism

Based off of this reading, it can be assumed that the conditions in the Indies during the time this text was written were not humane whatsoever. The actions of the Spaniards were very much barbaric, and completely contradict the religion which the Spaniards were trying so desperately to impose upon the natives of the Indies. Without having to go into detail, it is said by Bartoleme in the letter that the Spaniards would treat the people of the Indies as wild beasts, cattle, or animals.
Topic: racism

What makes the situation even more disturbing is that the Spaniards used the name of god to justify their ruthless actions. They saw it as their divine right to take over the Natives. Fortunately, there were people like Bartoleme that spoke out against these cruel acts. He wrote the letter describing all the acts of inhumanity towards the Natives to the King and Queen of Spain in order to create rules and regulations that would regulate the actions of the Spaniards in the Indies. This alone was a substantial act of humanity.
Topic: racism

The only ironical part is that he suggests that the Spanish use African people instead of using the Natives of the Indies for labor. Unfortunately at the time, there were still mass amounts of racism, even amongst the most noble of men. Men such as Bartoleme who spoke out against cruel acts were still subject to their own racist antics. Although this wasn’t very out-of-the-ordinary at the time, in today’s world it’s despicable nonetheless. It’s a very hypocritical suggestion that he had for the King and Queen, and for that, would lose all credit for anything positive that happened to the Natives after his ideas were reinforced.
Topic: racism

“Forensic victimology is the scientific study of violent crime victim’s for the purposes of addressing investigative and forensic questions” (Turvey, 2012, Pg.125). 7. Evaluate Predatory Behaviors Based on Crime Scene Behaviors as Illustrated By Evidence Predatory behaviors based on crime scene behaviors as illustrated by evidence helps to further explain more about the offender. This also shows the profiler the offender’s behaviors as to his choice of victim, point of contact, the offender’s method of approach and more.
Topic: racism

Association, A. P. (2004). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association. This source discusses psychopathy in depth. Psychopathy has different attributes as per the different levels. The different levels of psychopathy are criminal and non-criminal which are further discussed and explained. This resource will help to better understand psychopathy. Bateman, A. L., & Salfati, G. C. (2005). Serial homicide: an investigation of behavioral consistency. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 2, 121-144. doi:10.1002/jip.27
Topic: racism

This article on serial homicide discusses in depth the different behaviors displayed by the offender. This will help to further support the aspect of predatory behaviors by an offender. This will help to link predatory behaviors and criminal profiling. Crawford, G., & Walters, G. D. (2014). Major mental illness and violent history as predictors of institutional misconduct and recidivism: Main and Interaction Effects. Law and Human Behavior, 38(3), 238-247. doi:10.1037/Ihb0000058
Topic: racism

This study accesses different mental disorders and how they relate to crimes. This source will help to show and support behavioral patterns of the criminal offender. In relaying this information we can further link the usefulness of criminal profiling with criminal behaviors. Fontaine, R. G., Fox, A. R., & Kvaran, T. H. (2013, Winter). Psychopathy and culpability: how responsible is the psychopath for criminal wrongdoing? Journal of the American Bar Association, 38(1), 1-26. Retrieved January 28th, 2015
Topic: racism

This study and/or source explain in extreme depth about psychopathy and how it is a personality disorder rather than a mental disorder. It helps to further explain some issues prosecuting an offender with psychopathy. This relates to the essay in addressing psychopathy as well as the role psychopathy plays in criminal profiling and criminal behaviors as well. Goodey, D. J. (2006). Ethnic profiling, criminal (in) justice and minority populations. Critical Criminology, 207-212.
Topic: racism

The article written by Goodey further explains different ethical issues within profiling. Such issues discussed are racial profiling, ethnic profiling and police criminal stereotypes. This will help to relate and better understand the legal and ethical issues within the paper and support any findings. Henwood, D., Lamb, R., Lambie, I., & Scott, D. (2006, November). Profiling stranger rapists: Linking offense behaviour to previous criminal histories using a regression model. Journal of Sexual Aggresion, 12(3), 265-275. Retrieved February 2, 2015
Topic: racism

This article discusses geographic profiling, evidence and investigative analysis, investigative psychology, and diagnostic evaluations. Offender behaviors and offender criminal patterns are addressed. The article covers as well behavioral characteristics and behavioral patterns as well to also link them to criminal profiling. These are all relevant as to these are core points to be addressed within the paper. Hinch, R., Lubaszka, C. K., & Shon, P. C. (2014). Healthcare serial killers as confident men. Journall of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 11, 1-28. doi:10.1002/jip.1394
Topic: racism

This article covers the realm of investigative psychology. Through the study of healthcare serial killers the investigative psychology is discussed. This article will further discuss certain behaviors of the offenders as well which will further help to link the findings and further support the findings within the paper. Ibe, Ph.D, P., Obiyan, Ph.D., E., & Ochie, Ph.D., C. (2012, November). Racial misuse of “criminal profiling” by law enforcement: intentions and implications. African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies, 6(1 & 2), 177-196. Retrieved January 20th, 2015
Topic: racism

This article discusses psychopathy as a personality disorder and delves deeper into the understanding of the disorder. The article explains how it relates to forensic evaluations. This gives the support needed to show the connection between psychopathy and criminal profiling. Marcus, PhD, D. K., & Norris, MA, A. L. (2014). A new measure of attitudes toward sexually predatory tactics and its relation to the triarchic model of psychopathy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28(2), 247-261. Retrieved February 3rd, 2015
Topic: racism

This article covers psychopath’s connection to behavioral traits and personality traits. This links it to the paper at hand due to the fact it further discusses personality traits and behaviors of sexual predators. It further discusses criminal predatory behaviors such as various sexual tactics and other problematic sexual behaviors. Myers, M.D., W. C. (2004). Serial murder by children and adolescents. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 357-374. doi:10.1002/bsl.590
Topic: racism

This article discusses six cases of child serial killers, their behavioral characteristics, methods of killing and the crimes of themselves. This article supports the usefulness of criminal profiling in determining offender identity. This article will further support the aspect of evaluations in criminal profiling as well. Quayle, J. (2008). Interviewing a Psychopathic Suspect. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 5, 79-91. doi:10.1002/jip
Topic: racism

Lois Tyson in the “African American Criticism” section of his famous book “Critical Theory Today” tried to make familiar the readers with the fundamental aspects of African American literary history. In this mission he explained different important and concerning factors which arise in the mind of the reader while reading the book. Actually to satisfy the need of the students who are ignorant or less knowledgeable about different major issues of African American History like the Great Migration, the Civil Rights movement, the Black Power Movement and many others, he wrote this book.
Topic: racism

Moreover African American being a large population in the United States contributed immensely to the arts and literature of the American society. He also drew the attention of the readers of the book to the unjustified fact of exclusion of the African American history and culture from the authorized description of American history during 1960s. Throughout the section the author called for a major change in the self-identification and self-awareness of the African Americans in the late 1960s.
Topic: racism

Moreover he also pointed out the fact that then many African Americans were victims of internalized racism which “results from the psychological programming by which a racist society indoctrinates people of color to believe in white superiority” (Tyson 383). Mentioning some examples the author showed that this internalized racism sometimes led to intra-racial racism by giving birth to severe discriminations to the black people. This intra-racial racism had its own adverse effects on the socio economic structure of the Postcolonial American society.
Topic: racism

Readers also come to know that apart from being the victims of both internalized racism and intra-racial racism which have devastating psychological effects among the African Americans, they also suffered from “economic hardship and social marginalization caused by institutionalized racism” (Tyson 383). The story also nicely portrays that how these African Americans experienced “double consciousness” or “double vision” in this Postcolonial American society. Actually they have to follow two different cultures.
Topic: racism

So far what we have discussed the different aspects of African American Criticism and the much awaited response which came into play to make this artifact a grand success and thus helping the African Americans to get a congenial and favorable environment to live in. Thus the book was able to portray the conditions of African Americans giving much importance to their history and criticized the whole thing with a positive attitude which left a deep impact on a large number of people. Works Cited Tyson, Lois. Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. , 1999.
Topic: racism

The novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is about the adventures of a young boy named Huck who is running away from his father and his civilized life. Along the way, he runs into Jim, a runaway slave. Together, they travel down the Mississippi River and become friends along the way. Huck faces the dilemma of whether or not he should turn Jim in, or if he should help him continue to escape. This novel is controversial because of its use of the n-word.
Topic: racism

During the 1800s, the n-word was used as a derogatory term for African-American. They were first called that when they were slaves, but after they were freed The New Jersey General Assembly wants school districts to stop teaching Adventures of Huckleberry Finn because of its racist language and themes. The New Jersey General Assembly should not ban the novel. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn should continue to be taught at New Jersey schools as a historical resource, and as a way to demonstrate racism and ways to hinder racism for future classes.
Topic: racism

Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn provides a historically accurate representation of how slaves were treated in the 19th century. There was a divide between races and that is clearly shown in the novel. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written 20 years after slavery was abolished, yet it is delinated, in the novel, how whites treated the African Americans. An example that portrays this idea in the novel is, ‘here was a free n[ ] there from Ohio…They said he was a p’fessor in a college, and could talk all kinds of languages, and knowed everything.
Topic: racism

And that ain’t the wust. They said he could vote when he was at home. Well, that let me out. Thinks I, what is the country a-coming to? It was ‘lection day, and I was just about to go and vote myself if I warn’t too drunk to get there; but when they told me there was a State in this country where they’d let that n[ ] vote, I drawed out. I says I’ll never vote agin ‘(Twain 28). This displays a factual part of history.
Topic: racism

A poorly educated white man would talk down to an African American man who was well educated and also a free man. Even though they were equal in the eyes of the law, racism still existed which made the uneducated white man think he was superior to the educated black man. This is important for students to read first hand because it allows the student to visualize how the times were back then. The novel shows the reader how horrible racism is and how the n-word was used back in the 1800s. In the United States, “nigger” was first regarded as pejorative in the early 19th century. During the time of enslavement, the words “n[ ]” or “black” would be inserted in front of a common American first name, which would distinguish the slave from any local white person with the same name.
Topic: racism

Keeping the book in the curriculum would support the idea of a student understanding the real meaning behind the n-word. In the 21st century, the n-word has been normalized through pop culture and the media. It is constantly used in songs and when teenages hear the n-word, it seems like any other curse word. Teenagers now-a-days have little to no understanding of the historical significance of that word. Some may even believe that it is a term of endearment, but most do not truly understand the origins of the n-word. Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn demonstrates how the n-word was used and shows the historical significance of that word. When a student reads Mark Twain’s novel, they can truly grasp the complex meaning of the n-word and how derogative and belittling the n-word is towards African Americans.
Topic: racism

These subtle racial nuances are termed micro-aggressions, and important race theorists think that it is the micro-aggressions that really reveal the true degree of racism in the United States. “… everyday racism, in the kind of micro-aggressions, is incessant and cumulative as practiced in everyday actions by people, groups, and institutional policy rules and administrative procedures” (Solorzano, 1998). The logic behind the Critical Race Theory is that while classical racism has subsided to a significant level, everyday bigotry has actually grown in its intensity and scope (Bell, 1992).
Topic: racism

According to the Crucial Race theory, the laws and rules that are in place to suppress racism apply just to the gross and severe types of oppression and are mostly inefficient when it comes to micro-aggressions. Racism in its more subtle but equally harmful and harmful form persists in the United States. “Formal equality can do little about the business-as-usual kinds of racism that people of color challenge every day which account for much anguish, alienation, and despair” (Parker, 2008). There are 5 standard tenets that direct the Crucial Race Theory.
Topic: racism

First, racism is held to be a very normal, everyday phenomenon almost mundane by its frequency of occurrence. Racism is not an aberration in society, it is the rule. Racism is inherent in society. That is what makes racism so difficult to curb racism or cure society of it. The classical ideal behind ‘color blindness’, or the approach that did not take cognizance of color differences as envisioned by the civil rights movement of the 1960s is considered flawed as it makes the conventional racism rules and laws ineffective against the racism that is ingrained in the thought processes of individuals and in social structures.
Topic: racism

They are blind to discriminations against color inherent in society, and only serve to restrain the minorities in subordinate positions. The proponents of the theory believe that aggressive color-conscious efforts are required to change the present environment of racial discrimination. The second tenet of the theory is referred to as the ‘Interest Convergence’ and postulates that racism works to the advantage of both the elites and the working classes amongst the Whites, there is very little incentive or motivation amongst a large majority of the whites to curb racism.
Topic: racism

A large number of laws against racism is said to be passed only if they are found not to go against the interest of the dominant White community, and in no way deprives them of the advantages that had been accruing to them. Conversely, only those laws or rules which serve the self interests of the Whites are passed. The third very important theme of the Critical Race Theory is that race by itself has no biological, genetic or physical basis, but is largely a social construct. Race is a product of social, and it is defined by how society moulds the human mind.
Topic: racism

“Not objective, inherent, or fixed, they (races) correspond to no biological or genetic reality; rather, races are categories that society invents, manipulates, or retires when convenient. ” (Delgado & Stefancic, 2000). This is because though people share certain physical and genetic traits such as hair texture and color, eye shape, average height, skin color, etc, they are mostly overridden by differences in the higher-order traits such as intelligence, behavior and personality. Society however chooses to club people into distinct racial groups, ignoring scientific facts and attributing hypothetical racial characteristics on these groups.
Topic: racism

According to the Differential Racialization perspective of the Critical Race Theory, the dominant group in a society ‘racializes’ different minority groups differently depending on changing conditions and needs. The stereotyping of the same minority group tends to vary over periods based on the requirement or utility of the group. The closely related notion of Intersectionality and Anti-essentialism in the Critical Race Theory states that every individual has multiple identities, loyalties and allegiances which could be potentially in conflict with each other.
Topic: racism

Finally, proponents of the Critical Race Theory believe in the thesis of the ‘unique voice of color’ – which states that oppressed groups, by dint of their experience of oppression are able to communicate to the dominant group matters that the dominant group may not be aware of. The ‘Legal Storytelling’ movement therefore encourages members of the oppressed groups to recount their experiences in the form of storytelling. The Critical Race Theory is a useful tool for analyzing the racial impact of laws and policies, their effectiveness and their shortcomings.
Topic: racism

Social Class and its Structure A society divides its people into distinct hierarchical groups based on their social and economic status. This hierarchical distinction or stratification of groups or individuals in any community or society is referred to as the system of social class, and each group or hierarchy within the system is known as a Social Class. Although most societies usually have some form of class structure, there are examples of societies, especially of the hunter-gatherer type, in which class distinctions are not to be found.
Topic: racism

Class is largely determined factors that influence social, economic and political status of the individual such as employment or occupation, education and qualification, wealth, ownership of property, means of production, etc. Although social class is not deemed to be hereditary, the status of the preceding generation usually influences the next generation which finds it comparatively easy to hold on to the same class or rise up to a higher class. Individuals may move from one class to the other because of change in economic, political and social status. This is known as Social Mobility.
Topic: racism

An individual experiences upward social mobility when she or he moves from a lower class to an upper class by dint of success in economic, social or political spheres; conversely, an individual experiences downward social mobility from an upper class to a lower class because of failure in economic, social or political life. There is intense debate over the theoretical definition of social class. Classes are usually identified on the basis of the most important criteria that differentiate classes in the society; the number of class hierarchies that exist, the extent to which the class structure is accorded recognition within the society.
Topic: racism

Classes are broadly defined as per the Realist approach and the Nominalist approach. A realist approach defines class in terms of distinct groups bounded by clear boundaries with which people identify themselves and adhere to. Interactions are primarily intra class. The nominalist definition of class however focuses more on the characteristics that are common to people in a given class. These characteristics are education, profession, political or social standing, etc. The nominalist class is not determined by social interactions, but by the exhibited characteristics of individuals.
Topic: racism

In whatever way we may define class, there is no contesting the fact that almost every action of an individual is influenced by class and class structure because the individual tends to behave according to the norms of the class that she or he belongs to. Class consciousness often also translates into political action. Therefore, “…the process of transformation of societies from one social system to another depends on the nature and dynamics of class relations and class struggles that are historically specific in accordance with a society’s dominant mode of production and its attendant superstructure.
Topic: racism

”(Berberoglu, 1994) There are different class structures in different societies. In the United States and Britain class is distinguished along economic parameters, and generically comprises the upper class, middle class and the lower class. The traditional caste system in India is based on the type of work of an individual. The kings and fighting princes belonged to the nobility, the priests, businessmen and the laborers all had their own classes. China and Japan had feudal classes.
Topic: racism

New York: Basic Books. Berberoglu, B. , 1994, Class Structure and Social Structure, Praeger Publishers, Westport. Delgado, R. , Stefancic, J. , Critical Race Theory, An Introduction, New York University Press. Jones B. , D. , 2002, Critical Race Theory: New Strategies for Civil Rights in the New Millennium, Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal, Volume 18. Parker, L. , 2008, Critical Race Theory and African Studies: Making Connections to Education, University of Illinois-Chicago Solorzano, D. , 1998, Critical race theory, racial and gender microaggressions, and the experiences of Chicana and Chicano scholars. International journal of qualitative studies in education.
Topic: racism

At the midst of great need for help came a man to save his dying country. Indeed, he was a brave man, willing to risk his own life just to fight the controlling authority ruling his beloved nation. That great man was none other than Gat Villaruel, the Superman of Islas Filipinas. For having great power, comes great responsibility, not literally power as of magic but power of intelligence and courage. And because Villaruel carried that ‘Will of Fire’ within him, he believed it was his duty to protect his motherland and its people.
Topic: racism

However, things ain’t easy for a single person versus thousand of foes. Because of that, Villaruel was later captured and exiled due to his writings against bad higher authorities. It was a very secluded place and was known for its horrible history. Moreover, there are speculations about it saying it to be the graveyard of dead soldiers hundred years ago. But that was just a hearsay and never written on any book. July 17, 1892, that was the day Villaruel arrived at his final destination, the not very well known Bangalore.
Topic: racism

He stayed at the house of Chen So, who was told to oversee his daily activities. Days and weeks passed, Villaruel was getting used to his situation, and he even befriended Chen because of his friendly nature. But what are bothering him were the people living in that small remote area. Every time he went out, same faces with blank cold stare gave him goose bumps. Once, he tried talking to someone yet he got no response, not a single word at all. From that day onward, he promised to himself to do whatever it takes to be able to uncover the mystery of that place, the ghost of the past that keeps on coming back. It seems like he had another mission to accomplish.
Topic: racism

All the ones living there had their hearts and brains changed that made them a zombie and puppets of Bangzom –officials of Bangalore- for higher inputs of labor in the industrial agriculture of Bangalore. From all the data he gathered and the testimony of his friend, Chen, who claimed to be one of those zombies, truth was finally revealed. But unlike other, he could control himself because he was trained by the higher authorities and was assigned to take charge of that place, making sure that whoever entered that place won’t get out breathing.
Topic: racism

Contemplating from yesterday’s revelation, Villaruel finally came up to an idea. He wanted to save that place and the people of Bangalore. Seeing how Bangzom used them, it pained him a lot. From that day onwards, he made use of his medical skills and practiced his profession by curing them. Also, he established an institution for educating them and served as their teacher. And slowly, as years passed, zombies were getting better, able to communicate and somehow feel different emotions like a human does. They were now zompes – treated zombies who were able to adopt human behavior. Nothing is really impossible with great perseverance, this time Villaruel felt like a real hero.
Topic: racism

A vessel with the Bangzom militars aboard was coming to Bangalore to get the products to be disseminated all throughout the Philippines and the world. In the contrary, the zompes planned ahead to revolt, without letting Villaruel know since they aren’t sure if they would have his approval, through attacking the vessel. So when the vessel arrived, they took their chance of escaping. The zompes did attack the vessel and the Bangzom militars using poisonous arrows. As for emergency, the vessel had cannons and swords that were made use of the Bangzom militars. Chen, as the civil executive, was informed by his staffs regarding the incident happening in the shore.
Topic: racism

Villaruel came along with Chen since he felt some kind of connection with the zompes. The zompes mislooked Chen for he wore the same uniform with the Bangzom militars. Consequently, the zompes aimed for Chen but Villaruel saw it coming and took the arrow for himself to save Chen. Villaruel was struck right in his heart and the zompes were astounded, so was Chen. The civil executive then commanded his troops to stop and the chaos in the shore was put to an end.
Topic: racism

So presented Villaruel to the higher authorities but was told to go back to Bangalore and to make him a zombie in addition to their labor force. Chen operated him. He spared Villaruel’s brain thinking that Villaruel would be an instrument for the change, and that he some kind of owe him his life. Villaruel was now cured but is now a zompe since his heart was changed through the operation. All along, the higher authorities and Bangzom thought that Villaruel is now a zombie. Faith Adams was then sent by the higher authorities to overlook and nurse Villaruel. Time passed by, Villaruel felt something that was a bit new to him.
Topic: racism

A slight beat of his heart then suddenly formed in his mind, it were like memories of him and the girl in front of him, how that happened, he didn’t know. A zombie wasn’t supposed to remember or feel anything. Knowing that he was a zombie, he was also not supposed to feel anything but he knew he did. Villaruel regained his human like with the help of Faith. Not medicine, not knowledge, but love; it was love that make him feel a bit again, not fully but a good start for him. Only later then he found out that the man’s heart that has been used in his operation was Faith’s boyfriend who loved her so much. Maybe that explained why Villaruel felt something for her, the love of her boyfriend collided with his present memories, making him see and feel that thing he called LOVE.
Topic: racism

As months passed by, the relationship gat and faith had blossomed. Since there was no priest to marry them, they married themselves before the eyes of God. They lived happily despite of huge difference between them, a human and a zompe together. On the other hand, another revolution was being planned by the zompes, it was pursued by them despite of disapproval of gat. So when the higher found about this, they never hesitate to go in Bangalore and take the chance of capturing gat that was said to be the head of revolt.
Topic: racism

His case had been sent to the court and had undergone series of trials but the council had decided death as his punishment for rebellion, sedition and illegal association. He was sent to New Land on the 30th of December 1896 for his death penalty by 7 o’clock in the morning. Villaruel was accompanied by the artillery of soldiers and was tasked to walk to the middle of the square where he was then shot and was then brought to an unknown place where he was buried. Since the authorities thought that Villaruel’s operation was a failure.
Topic: racism

Villaruel had been influential to the zompes who were overwhelmed by anger and sadness of his death that made them continue to revolt against the authorities. Their fighting for freedom had inspired and awakened many. In addition, Chen this time had also found and promulgated Villaruel’s entries about Bangalore which included the details about the Jambi – zombie “disease”. He publicized these because he thinks that this will be useful for some and that he could help Villaruel in this way.
Topic: racism

Racism has been an issue that has been around for hundreds of years. Since back from when people of color used to be slaves until now, it has been quite interesting watching all of it unfold and witnessing how the world has become a more united front. But with that said, has racist really ended? I mean with groups like the KKK amongst other hate groups that discriminate against people of different ethnicities, will hate and racism amongst other racists really ever be abolished? For my paper I will be focusing on Racism and the changes that have taken place throughout time.
Topic: racism

The central question that I will be answering throughout this paper is that racism still does in fact exist today and will probably never end within any of our lifetimes. I believe that by answering and bringing light to this question that it would help make sense of our course themes because the contents of this question is basically everything that we have learned throughout this course (race, racism, ethnicity, whiteness) and putting it into a working question that I can look at more closely and show results that racism will in fact never end for the rest of our lives.
Topic: racism

There have been some secondary academic sources that do in fact agree with my thesis. One of the sources I found is a book called, “Racism out of Place: Thoughts on Whiteness and an Antiracist Geography in the New Millennium”. This book discusses racism within the new day and age. It gives us the example of two young white males who go on a killing spree of African-American and Hispanic individuals but were made to look like victims in the media. The economics of Racism is another source that I find supports my theory by discussing in the 1970’s after the civil rights movement that the government was moving black people to the North because there was suppose to be no racism but that turned out to be completely false.