ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: family

Lastly the feminist approach focuses on the male domination in society and medical professions and how this affects the health and social care system. They are particularly concerned with the way in which pregnancy and child birth are perceived as medical issues rather than a natural process. Another issue they have been trying to combat is the issue that the medical profession and the related pharmaceutical industries have given low priority to developing a male contraceptive pill, leaving most contraceptive methods only available to women. Their main focus is the fact that many women suffer from mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression. Feminists see this as a result of their exploited position in society and family unit.
Topic: family

They argue that because women now also have the pressure and expectation of working however they also still have the responsibility of running a family, this causes them great stress due to a lot of pressure from society and their families. Feminists believe that any medical issue should be treated with medicines. In regards to the case study this approach does not have a very strong link as Tamsela does not work and neither does her husband. However due to the extra pressure of her parents living with her she will feel more stressed having to care for them, she is also dealing with extra pressure as her husband does not work and there is no money coming in to the family.
Topic: family

The holistic approach addresses the needs of the whole person including their, intellectual, spiritual, social, emotional, mental and physical health. Mildred Blaxter (1990) interviewed 10,000 people in a large scale study. From this she defined three standards of peoples understanding of health and wellbeing; a positive definition, regarding health as feeling fit and well. A negative definition regarding health as being free from pain and discomfort and also a functional definition, regarding health in terms of being able to perform certain day to day tasks.
Topic: family

There are also two models regarding health, the biomedical model and Socio-medical model. The Biomedical model has dominated western industrialised societies since the nineteenth century. This view of health underpins the policies of the current health system in the UK. In this model health is regarded as the absence of disease and that intervention from health professionals is necessary in the time of illness. The main purpose of the health service is to cure disease and to use scientifically tested methods to address diagnosed illnesses. In this model little regard is given to the social and environmental factors that may have caused ill health, it mainly focuses on the individual.
Topic: family

The Biomedical model focuses mainly on the individual and finding a cure for them, it is a limitation of this model as it does not take into account the factors causing ill health and also the implications on the rest of society. Another limitation is that the biomedical model regards health as being simply the absence of disease which does not consider a patients mental, social, spiritual, emotional, intellectual or physical health, which could lead to a person becoming unhealthy in different terms.
Topic: family

However an advantage of this is that because the main focus of the model is disease, this would show that it is the health care professionals such as doctors whom are in control of a patient’s condition, meaning less confusion or interference from others such as management or other health care workers. This is links in with the inter-actionists sociological approach to health and illness as they focus on the relationship between the health professional and the individual and how this affects the person’s health and the decisions made about their health.
Topic: family

This goes to show that social and environmental factors are a significant source of disease and that the causes and effects of ill health are not solely surrounding the individual. However as the Socio-medical model focuses on the environmental and social affecting factors, this can take time to find a cause of illness which would mean that until a cure or solution was found each patient would need to treated individual so that their illness was kept under control. This could also be seen as strength of the Socio-medical model because even though it may take time to find a solution to the problem or reasons for an illness, if a solution was found it can mean long term solutions and also the prevention of the illness in future.
Topic: family

Socialization is the communication or interaction process in which the norms and values of a culture are learnt, whereby the individual gains knowledge to adapt his or her behavior to that of a social group (Groenman et al., p.202). It is significant to re-emphasize the idea of interaction in the above definition. Where there is interaction, influences are reciprocal and socialization is not merely a one-way process. Parents discover from children just as children do from their parents. In the same way, teachers learn from pupils, heads of departments from students, etc.
Topic: family

Primary socialization is a technical term signifying the practice whereby norms and values are obtained (and by the way, has nothing to do with the nationalization of industry or going out to parties). Primary socialization is an exchange of communication between infant and others, but in the first instance, and for quite a time thereafter, it is an exchange in which information in dominates: if we know who we are, it is because, a long time ago, beyond the reach of the conscious recall, other people told us (Jenkins, p.
Topic: family

I always sought perfection in the things that I do, and really did my best to achieve it. Sometimes, because of this quest for perfection, I tend to see the faults or errors in things, as well as in my personality. As such, I began to question the way I was raised (in a positive manner) and asked my parents how they took care of me while I was a baby. My mother recalls that she always had to play classical music for me and kept watching scientific and political news or documentaries. She also told me that she lectures about being a role model in the society while I was still in her womb, before she went to bed.
Topic: family

Primary socialization may be informal and it may denote the elementary education that takes place mainly inside the family circle. The explicit gender roles and behaviors are primarily learned at home. When I was a child, I remember myself being curious as to what my parents were doing. I noticed that my mother usually takes care of the laundry, cooking (including the preparation of the dining table), washing of dishes, cleaning the house and planting of small plants, flowers and herbs. My father on the other hand, busies himself with the repairs in the house. He fixes or repairs the busted electric bulbs, leaking water pipes, clogged sink, damaged roof and whatever appliances which were not properly functioning.
Topic: family

At first, I thought that these tasks were only performed in our home. However, by observing my grandparents, our neighbors and my classmates’ parents, I learned that generally, most of the males performed the tasks which my father was doing, while most of the females were doing the tasks which my mother was doing. As such, I began to understand and realize that someday, I’ll be doing tasks which are similar to the tasks done by my father. On the other hand, I had the idea that my sisters would be, someday, doing the same tasks which my mother was doing.
Topic: family

In primary socialization, a developing child learns what behavior is “usual”, “right” or “natural” according to the norms that are present in the group in which he grows and it may be in an informal manner. This course of action points to the child’s adjustment to social life, whereby the child develops from an instinctual being to a competent and disciplined social actor who has learned to take the expectations of others into consideration. Upon growing up, emulating my father, I was able to have similar voting habits like him.
Topic: family

During my childhood days, he was able to tell a story about his childhood life, where he usually faints in a difficult situation or get asthma instead of expressing anger. Somehow, I noticed that I am expressing the same ways of being ill as my father. I had a fight with a schoolmate once and the last thing I remember was I was already resting in a bed in the school clinic with an oxygen mask. I was not hit or physically attacked, however, the pressure or idea of getting into troubled rushed in my head causing me to panic and faint (in addition to the point that I had asthma during my childhood days).
Topic: family

Fainting during a fight was embarrassing for a guy like me and I had to search books in order to cure which I thought before as an “incurable disease of fainting”. From my father and from the books, I learned that my response or the behavior which I exhibited earlier was normal and that it happens to most of children who are in the same situation as I do. After learning this, I was able to develop self-confidence and learned to protect myself against other children’s insults during that time.
Topic: family

Primary socialization includes, for example, the learning of language, the learning of relatively controlled behavior, and the learning of the ability to give and receive trust (things which I have learned from my parents or within my family). This form of socialization takes place in primary groups, for example, a family. A primary group is often defined as a group with close and diffuse relationships. The group members know each other as whole persons, and their relationships are close and emotional, although not necessarily free of conflicts (Furseth and Repstad,  2006, p.115).
Topic: family

Just like in primary socialization, secondary socialization can also be informal, by gradually attuning himself to the subtleties of meanings and actions in the new situation. The way in which recruits to occupations in medicine, the law, the army, sociology, or the administrative grades of the civil service are socialized so that they come to think, act as, and indeed “are” doctors, barristers, officers, sociologists or permanent secretaries, is a special form of secondary socialization termed professionalization.
Topic: family

Due to my profession, I learned to practice the professional ethics or exhibit the behaviors which are expected from a person of my status. In addition to this, it seems as if society often keeps an eye to the things which I did. My performance and my achievements (as well as some failures) were often noted by other people (especially our nosy neighbors) which made me learn or understand that I have to perform better and show a better performance. It also made me perform actions which conforms to the norms of the society and see to it that I do not violate any law which the society has set in my path.
Topic: family

Again, secondary socialization often takes place in secondary groups, mainly outside the family circle, which provide more limited knowledge and skills that are used to fulfill specific social roles. In these groups socialization is generally more formal, even if secondary groups also offer a great deal of informal learning. Besides receiving instruction on how to do their job according to the work description, just like when I was a newcomer in the office, I had to learn, for example, where to sit during the lunch break, in order to keep up with the role they have been assigned.
Topic: family

Franzini et al., (1978, p. 313-314) illustrate how modeling and conditioning influences are brought to bear on young people, both within the family (primary socialization). Boys and young men (where I am included) learn to be more dominant and aggressive, and aspire to “male” occupations such as business, engineering and the sciences. Girls and young women learn to be more passive and nurturant, and aspire to “female” occupations such as teaching, social work and nursing.
Topic: family

In this area, there is a difference between sociology and at least some disciplines within psychology. Some schools of psychology have emphasized the effects that primary socialization have for our choices later in life. Several sociologists will argue that socialization during the adult phase has a great effect. This view will allow us to claim that not only do parents socialize their children, but children also socialize their parents. For example, may religious parents have changed their views on issues such as marriage and morality, especially cohabitation and homosexuality (observed from the siblings of my neighbors), and the agents of socialization have often been their own children.
Topic: family

When God set the world in place, and hung the stars up in space, when He made the land and the sea, then He made you and me. He sat back and saw all was good, and saw things were they should be. Then he decided that he needed to create an angel in disguise and he would name her mother but whatever for?? He knew that she would be there to teach and guide me. One who can see through my smile to know I am hurting.
Topic: family

Parenting is one of the most difficult and challenging tasks especially in this present generation. Parents play a very important role in the upbringing of children. They are the first and earliest teachers for the children. I myself as a parent must admit that my son behaves best when I attend to him the most. Though he’s just three years old yet I find that his behaviour is far better when I spend quality and quantity time with him. Parents have the capability of influencing and leading the child from the first day they are born until the age of 18 by being a role model.
Topic: family

A parent controlling the child by beating him or her up or using some other negative reinforcement will certainly make the child lose the trust in parents thus weaken the parent-child bond. Similarly, parents with some bad habits will definitely harm the child if they do not give a right role model image to the child. So, it is extremely important that parents must learn to be role model for the child thus leading them by good examples. Besides, parents must also keep up their dedication by being a guiding spirit to their children and supporting them to be great individuals, as they are the assets of the future generation.
Topic: family

Judy Brady is an independent writer, writing topics mainly connecting to the roles of ladies in society. Judy composed the piece I Desired an Other half right after the second wave of the feminist movement in the United States. The function of the movement was to can vote and have the same equivalent rights as male residents. Judy’s essay appeared in MS. Publication in 1971. She used feminist humor to convince her readers to look objectively at a male’s expectations of what an other half is and must be.
Topic: family

She stresses that the roles of women are unfair to the functions of guys. And she illustrates this by telling you all the functions. I desire a spouse who will prepare, tidy, look after the children, and my sexual requirements all while attending to our household so I can selfishly pursue my dreams (442 ). She is stirring up feelings for the reader in hopes that this will encourage you to take action. She is clearly telling women to stop and think of their life. You do not have to act this way, it plainly isn’t fair and needs to stop!
Topic: family

Her argument is clear and to the point. She utilizes the quote “I belong to the classification of people referred to as better halves. I am a better half, not entirely by the way I am a mom” (441 ). She utilizes this to reveal readers that she is creditable and has understanding in this topic. She is an activist and has experience in knowing the functions herself which create a strong piece for her argument. I believe she is likewise informing women, its all right to be a better half, but have a look at your life and make sure your spouse isn’t demanding and expecting excessive from you as his wife.
Topic: family

She ends her argument with a very emotional statement “My god, who wouldn’t want a wife” (443). The article is really inspiring and gets you thinking. Women have so many roles and are overlooked in so many ways, or just expected to do act this way because of society. I am very thankful for Judy Brady being such a strong activist for us. I am also a wife and mother and it’s great to be living in a time where I am seen equally in our relationship. There are no gender related roles in our marriage; we chip in equally where it is needed. So for me Judy’s simple words are extremely effective in changing many opinions of what a wife should be.
Topic: family

Cultural competence is the ability to interact well with people of different cultural backgrounds (Rundle, 2002). It provides the best ways of meeting the needs of diverse patient population which is always on the increase, as well as ways of effectively advocating for them. This means that cultural competence has the benefit of enabling nurses to deliver services that respect and effectively respond to health beliefs and practice needs of diverse patients. Through the process of globalization, nurses are moving to places of nursing shortage to offer their knowledge and skills beyond their home country (Campbell, 2003).
Topic: family

When it comes to identifying the Latino’s population by a type of skin color most would consider themselves as Caucasian while a few identify themselves as Black. Many others associate themselves with indigenous race while others are increasingly identifying themselves as “other”. Their origins range from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba and Guatemala. Notable differences among the Latino groups center on the aspects of language refinement, educational status, cultural values and attitudes toward mental health treatment (Brice, 2001).
Topic: family

Food has a very important role in the culture of Latino’s. In some cultures, food is given as a combination of food and herbs either when hot or cold. Typically, good appetite is linked to good health. The food preferences of children are respected and they are not forced to eat what they don’t want. There’s a belief that a child might fall sick if given food of the wrong temperature. Mothers always withhold food that might cause illness to children. Experience has made them identify a list of harmful foods and this is passed along from generation to generation (Brice, 2001).
Topic: family

There is a belief that when a person dies, the person has moved to a different phase of life (Noble & Lacasa, 1990). Even though the person isn’t there physically, they believe the person still lives in spirit. In traditional Latino families, the bulk of care provided for a terminally ill family member is performed by female relatives who are unlikely to ask for outside help to cope with the stress of looking after someone who is close to death. Ideally, spending time with a family member who is close to death allows relatives to resolve outstanding issues within the family.
Topic: family

Latino’s have retained their traditional health practices, although the use of Western medicine is more prevalent. The result of this is that modern health care practices such as screening tests and use of preventive health care measures haven’t been adopted. This has also been attributed to a lack of health insurance which results in fewer visits to medical practitioners. According to my findings “physical and mental illness have mostly been attributed to an imbalance between the person and the environment, with influences being emotional, spiritual and social state” (Campbell, 2003).
Topic: family

I choose the Latino community to focus on because according to research the Latino’s is one of the ethnic cultures that is rapidly growing in the United States of America. It is evident that the Latino community is a culture rich group. For a society that is socialistic in nature, its values and beliefs are predictable; their aim is to put people together, which is a good idea. As much as these beliefs are accepted and respected, some of them are obviously retrogressive and should be done away with.
Topic: family

For instance, restricting hot foods for pregnant women; this means that most of them will lack proteins. It is ultimately up to the nurses and the people to understand, and respect the differences that exist between them so that they respect each other’s views in the end. My reaction to their belief is I am glad that I am not considered a part of their culture. I think it is unfair that the women take on a weak role. I am a strong, outspoken, competent, independent individual. I love my family and I will do anything for them but there has to be boundaries.
Topic: family

In my opinion, “Friend” is really important for me. I can live without computer and TV but I can’t live without ”friend” the person who is sharing my mood with me whenever I’m happy or sad and I have “her” my really best friend who has nice appearance , good personality and I’m very happy that I can be friend with her. My best friend is My Mother. She’s cute, good looking and does not talk too much with the person that she doesn’t know very well.
Topic: family

(Strangers) When you see her first time you might think she’s hard to get along with, but actually if you understand will know that it isn’t like what you see. She has a good smile, fun, funny, have big fluffy cheeks and pretty, which will make people want to be friends with her when they see her. In addition, my mother is a responsible person. She always takes care of her jobs well and finishes the work on time.
Topic: family

She comforts me as I am sad for having quarrel with others. She is always patient to listen to me and then tell me what I did wrong. Not only that, she also supports me and encourages me so that I won’t give in easily. I admire my mom, she taught me a lot as a teacher, and she supports me as my best friend. She not only takes care of her family very well but also is a successful business woman. I’m so proud to have her as my mom. I admire her and respect her and also appreciate for what she did for me. I love my mom forever! What is more, my mom is a really good friend for me. She’s the person who understands me well. She’s always beside me when I’m upset, listen to me and help me every time when I need help.
Topic: family

When I have problem she will give me some advices and help me to solve the problem. Even when I don’t understand in the lesson she explained patiently, for me to understand every time. I think I’m really lucky that I have my mother as my best friend and I’m very happy we are friends and I think we will be friends forever. In conclusion, I think my mom is a nice person. She has good appearance, personality and I’m very happy that I can be friend with my mom who is cute, responsible and always help me in everything.
Topic: family

Discrimination is unfair treatment of a person action based on prejudice which somebody has of that private and it can affect the targeted individual physically, this might be self-harm or eating conditions, intellectually, the specific will not want to go to work since of how they are being dealt with, mentally, which could be depression, stress and anxiety, aggression, tension or fear, and finally, it can likewise impact them socially, because they may isolate themselves from individuals around them which could result in the loss of buddies and it might make a few of their relationships with others strained due to the fact that they think that everyone they know is going to treat them in the exact same method.
Topic: family

Cultural discrimination implies that when an individual from a different background or culture follows their cultures guidelines strictly; they are done not like by some people since they have a various way of life, following and they do not follow the exact same rules because of how they have actually been raised by their family. It is developed within the social group which they have been raised in; and it can change when they end up being mature adequate to choose on their own which culture best matched for them. In an occupation in Health and Social Care it is essential for everybody who is worried to appreciate other individuals’s cultures.
Topic: family

It is important for the individual because it gives them a sense of understanding and support, promotes their well-being and can also help their health. Also it is important to health and social care professionals because they see the benefits of their care value base and it underlines the importance of respecting an individual’s culture. Sometimes people see this as if the individual is receiving special treatment because they are different; which can make them feel angry or strong jealousy and as a result they will make the individual from a different culture feel isolated; which might make any relationships which the individual has strained and it can make them feel like they have no respect from anyone around them because of how they look or behave.
Topic: family

There has to be full access ability for anyone with a disability. However, people who are part of the same establishment might discriminate against a disabled person in a wheel chair or with a severe disability; by calling them disrespectful names and say that they don’t deserve to be a part of the establishment just because they are disabled in some way; and this can make the disabled person feel depressed and suffer from anxiety problems because if the same thing has been said enough times then they will believe that they don’t deserve an education or have the right to same things which a non-disabled person has the right to.
Topic: family

However, this would be denying a drug due to their age and would open the health service to considerable legal risk, and legal advice would be needed before discussions like this could happen. Also, sometimes when there are a lot of elderly people and only a few teenagers waiting to get on a bus and when the bus arrives at their stop the teenagers get onto the bus before the elderly people; the elderly people may decide to talk aggressively to the teenagers just because they are older and they feel that they are more important because they might have a disability.
Topic: family

Social discrimination is the actual behaviour of those who treat others differently depending on their social situation, to pigeon-hole someone socially, such that someone on benefits is treated unfairly compared to that of someone who works for a living. Invariably it’s a dysfunctional psychology re-enforced by peer pressure to gear an individual’s thought processes to fail to take into account or assess another individuals sole circumstances before passing judgement. It is not really seen as a problem by the bearer of the discrimination unless the bearer directly experiences some similar discrimination.
Topic: family

The social class of an individual is apparent from the area in which they live with their family; the higher the social class, the better the place is kept and maintained. This form of inequality has also infiltrated health and social care. In the foreword to a Department of Health education, the former Secretary of State for Health stated that the poor are more likely to get cancer than the rich, and their chances of survival are lower too; this letter carries on to say that health care is essentially a postcode lottery, which means that having access to health care is often determined by where an individual lives. However, in the Equality and Human Rights Commission it states “At the heart of human rights is the belief everybody should be treated equally and with dignity – no matter what their circumstances”.
Topic: family

An individual cannot be discriminated against because of their gender; if they are however it refers to a bias towards one gender. In the vast majority of careers, this bias means that women do not obtain the same opportunities as men for everything from their initial health care education right through to the hiring process and workplace environment. Their career advancement is also smaller and slower in comparison with career advancement for men. On top of that, women and men may perform the same jobs, but women will receive fewer benefits and less pay than men. Under the Gender Equality Duty 2007, all organisations, including health and social care services, cannot discriminate unfairly due to a person’s gender.
Topic: family

Equal rights of access, health care and rights must be adhered to. Sexuality is a very individual thing; although most people are ‘straight’, heterosexual, a significant percentage of the population are gay, bisexual, celibate or asexual. Unfair treatment on the basis of someone’s sexuality – or assumptions about their sexuality – is discrimination and has no place in the sport’s environment. Sexuality discrimination happens when someone is treated unfairly compared with others, because of their sexuality. It can also occur because someone makes assumptions about someone else’s sexuality. Under the Queensland Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (the Act), it can be unlawful to do this. Under federal legislation, it can also be unlawful.
Topic: family

The Act says it is against the law to treat people unfairly because of their sexuality, whether they are gay, lesbian, heterosexual or bisexual. The law also protects a person who identifies, or has identified, as a member of the opposite sex by living or seeking to live as a member of that sex. The law also protects sex workers working lawfully. Health status discrimination often occurs when an individual is diagnosed with HIV or AIDS. Sources of stigma include fear of illness, fear of contagion, and fear of death. Fear of illness and fear of contagion is a common reaction among health workers, co-workers, and caregivers, as well as the general population. Stigma is one means of coping with the fear that contact with a member of an affected group; by caring for or sharing utensils with a PLHA will result in contracting the disease.
Topic: family

HIV-stigma is often layered on top of many other stigmas associated with such specific groups as homosexuals and commercial sex workers and such behaviours as drug abuse by using needles and casual sex. These behaviours are perceived as controllable and are therefore assigned more blame, receive less sympathy, but instead, more anger and are less likely to receive assistance as opposed to people with AIDS who were infected through circumstances where there was no control, such as receiving a blood transfusion. However, sometimes it can be difficult to make decisions regarding a person’s medical treatment; their expected quality of life after the treatment has been given and their overall life expectancy have to be seriously considered.
Topic: family

And the people who are making these decisions for someone should always keep questioning their own assumptions and prejudices; and also do their best to balance the welfare of individual patients with broader funding considerations. Under section 2 of the Family Status Discrimination Ordinance (“FSDO”), family status means the status of a person who has the responsibility for the care of an immediate family member. An immediate family member is a person who is related by blood, marriage, adoption or affinity. However, this can lead to a variety of discriminations against members of the family; they can be against gay or lesbian parents, single parents, parents of different genders, parents of different races with mixed-race children and other family groupings.
Topic: family

It can either direct or indirect discrimination, direct discrimination means that a person is treated unfavorably because of their family status and indirect discrimination means when a condition or requirement, that is not justifiable, is applied to everyone but in practice adversely affects persons who have family status; an example of this would be a company insists that all its employees work overtime and a widower who has responsibility for care of his young children cannot comply with that condition. The company then dismisses him. The complainant feels aggrieved because as a single parent he cannot comply with that condition.
Topic: family

A person with a cognitive disability may have difficulty with some or all of the following cognitive areas: memory formation or retrieval; attention span; reading and comprehension; problem solving; and visual input. Discriminating against someone because of their cognitive ability might arise because of a brain injury, a learning disability or difficulty or a person’s social class or education. It can be easy to determinate against people with cognitive disabilities but care must be taken not to do so. Valuing People Now is a government strategy which aims to improve the lives of people with learning disabilities and those of their families and carers.
Topic: family

Family photo albums have existed in many different forms. Not only as a personal flick book documentation containing “the chronicles of a family’s private story” (Fong, 2004, p.86) capturing special moments and events of the past; but the idea of documenting one’s past through images has been in existence since humans roamed the earth. Through pre-historic silhouettes of humans painted on cave walls; through the Renaissance where portraiture was available to those families who could afford it; to the point in history where cameras were available to the amateur mass public whereby photographs could be developed by any single individual.
Topic: family

Theories of how the awareness of others viewing one’s “private story” could manipulate one’s personal identity through careful selection of chosen images displayed in the photo album. How the photo album generates nostalgia and longing that transports the viewer from an unpredictable future to a past that is stable. And finally how the overwhelming support of the Internet allows one’s photo album to be rendered digitally for many others to view questioning that the photo album is only a narrow vision of one’s life and therefore portraying an artificial lifestyle.
Topic: family

Many generations of families have used the photo album to document their lives and record proof of their existence. Despite our ever-changing life style we use photography to capture these moments and feelings to convey our sense of identity. West “Susan Sontag argues that all photographs aestheticize reality because the photographer selects what seems worthy of special and lingering attention to capture on film.” (West 2000, pg.2) These ‘freeze frames’ not only form and shape our history but also dictate what we appear to be. When we look at photographs we are not only looking into the pigments that fill this frame but also looking back into memories. Do we really remember the event, or is our memory altered because of the existing proof that is the medium of photography?
Topic: family

Larry Sultan is an American photographer and produced a series of ‘Home made’ pictures of his mother and father in everyday life around their home. Larry challenged himself by visualizing and creating traditional photographs of his parents as an attempt to create a sense of identity to a traditional family photo album. Therefore he (Sultan, L. 1992, pg. 109) provided his mother and father with roles and “stage directions” of action and posture, all of which to his desire. Larry Sultan (1992) argues the control of the image by asking -“A question of how you look and who determines that, who’s in control of the image?” (Sultan 1992, pg.113).
Topic: family

In “Mom Posing for me” Sultan’s figure does not appear in that scene of the frame, dictating that he in fact is the one in control. Whereas in most traditional family albums the main focus revolves around the children and the capturing of extraordinary moments of spontaneity which are then displayed as a memento of history. Sultan however is staging the photography of his parents. The photographer has an opportunity to create scenes on his terms and portray to the viewer his perception of his parent’s identity; consequently the accuracy of their identity has been faltered.
Topic: family

In this traditional ‘freeze frame’ as viewers the first feature we notice is a timid, elderly woman propped against the wall, displayed as if a possession such as an object or an ornament. Even though Sultans father has his back turned to the lens (hiding his identity) we feel the sense of dominance, is he simply more interested in the television? Within this particular captured frame we could say that Sultan’s father is arrogant and unwilling because he does not stand by who we presume is his wife.
Topic: family

Looking back into the history of our lives through the family photo album we relate the relationship between the frame and our life. Does it remind us of a loss in the family or remind us of whom we once were? We look at the images and construct a sense of belonging and happiness, but will the image alter the original memory that we had once created. Sultan (1985) stated that “… photography is instrumental in creating family not only as a memento, a souvenir, but also a kind of mythology.” (Sultan)
Topic: family

The photo album is built upon the basis of memories and identities, not just our own, but we can adopt other people’s by flicking through this book of generations and seem to recall who is who and create our own identity through the notion of photography. Nancy MarthaWest (2000) “If nostalgia does misrepresent the past by imagining it more stable than it was, it also makes the present bearable, usable and even triumphant” (West 2000, pg.11)
Topic: family

We make stories from these freeze frames which may not necessarily be true but what we want to believe, building a sense of stability through the photograph we are looking at. Like any book a narrator is needed, this is where we take position, creating, destructing and editing photographs to construct identities that we aspire to be or making a stylized reality that we would want. Nancy Martha West (2000) “It allows for a continuity that can ‘replenish ones sense of self’ even in the face of terror and loss.” (West 2000, pg.11) Nostalgia derived from the photo album allows us to feel safe, give us our identities and lets the unpredictable future seem manageable.
Topic: family

In modern society we have access to Internet Social Networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter or Instagram. The development from the traditional family photo album where we carefully place these frames into a leather bound book has blossomed onto the World Wide Web where millions of people can gain access to our personal lives and our identities. Creating a false identity through a traditional photo album is now possible to view on an accessible mass scale meaning that the constructed identity seems more successful. This is because many people view and believe what they perceive and thus desire what they think this person has, or who they think this person is. Do we change our identity on these sites to become who we yearn to be in the real world?
Topic: family

It is apparent to see on these virtual web spaces that many people are concerned to how they represent themselves through privacy settings – sifting through the ‘bad’ pictures of themselves and allowing other pictures to be shown through their profile page. Margaret Cooper (2010) “The most common reason for females to untag a photo was displeasure with their appearance in the photo (88.88% of females who untagged photos), indicating how they looked was an important part of their self-presentation to others.” (Cooper 2010, pg.103) This is parallel to how we select which pictures are to be displayed in the traditional photo album; therefore the photo album is stylized artificiality in relation to our identity.
Topic: family

It seems that the need to capture our identities not only serves the purpose to store memories of the family’s heritage but has become an album to convey a stylized reality of our identities. Nostalgia and the need to reflect on images allows us to feel safe within these identities. The development of technology has broken the seal of the traditional way of portraying the family photo album. The fact that we are now able to view others’ ‘private story’ over the internet and how we manipulate and select individual photographs of each other indicates a new generation for the family photo album.
Topic: family

There is now a ‘building block’ and opportunity to create our own identities and memories through this cultural condition. However it is still a reoccurring debate whether or not we lose our sense of identity through manipulating and editing the photos we chose to show to the world via the internet or within the family photo album. Nevertheless this tradition exists to this very day and has been in existence for decades through the form of photography. It deniably allows our private lives of our photo album to be rendered for many others to view questioning the perception of an artificial lifestyle where the photo album is only a narrow vision of one’s life.
Topic: family

It is true that the ways the parents raise their children will decide how well the children grow, especially the mothers who impact their children the most. There is no right or wrong in how a mother takes care of her children. All of them want the best for their children. The only difference is the level of intensity in how to raise a child. In Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior, Amy Chua, a professor at Yale Law School believes that the ways Chinese mothers raise their children are the most effective ways.
Topic: family

One of many techniques that Amy Chua uses throughout the article is effective content, for instance, statistics and especially examples. In paragraph 4, she provides impressive statistics which are dominant numbers about the thinking of Western and Chinese mothers. “70%” (217) in the number of Western mother who opposed the idea of pressing in academic suddenly dropped down to “roughly 0% of the Chinese mothers felt the same way” (217). The gap between the numbers surprises the readers.
Topic: family

They might predict how different the perspectives of the mothers between two cultures are; however, they would not have thought that there would be 70% differences. Not only statistics, the number of examples Amy Chua uses in the articles were more than enough to persuade the readers. There are at least seven examples which are in paragraph 3, 6, 7, 8, 12, 16, and 20. Her examples vary from small scale stories, conversations to big arguments, and thoughts. Although her examples are a bit too much focused on her, they provided the “differences” that Amy Chua wants to show through many areas such as grades, compliment, punishment, as well as her own experiences with her daughter Lulu.
Topic: family

Another sub-technique that the author employs to gain effective content is writing style. Although this is an article about parenting education published on The Wall Street Journal, which is newspaper about business, Amy Chua puts into use simple words instead of fancy words in the entire article. This is a very good way to get close to the audience who I believe are parents and teenagers since they are the people who care most about the development of new generation through effective educational methods. Throughout the article, the author uses many quotes as well as conversations on the purpose of making her piece livelier.
Topic: family

Not only examples and writing style, which are used to enrich the content of the article, but Amy Chua also transmits her idea through a unique expression, tone from the beginning until the end of the article. Amy Chua chooses many words that give strong impacts to the readers such as “garbage” (218), “Hey Fatty” (218). She expresses herself as a very serious person when it comes to parenting education. She doesn’t mind if the tone she uses will give out negative effects as she published this article in American’s newspaper where parents almost never spoke out those words to their children. Her expression, her tones in the article is also a supporting point for her argument about the differences of Western and Chinese mothers.
Topic: family

However, it is also a drawback when Amy Chua uses this kind of tone in her work. The readers, especially Western readers, they would feel terribly awful since they almost never in their life have called their children by those terms used by Amy Chua. In a new on television not so long after her third book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, has been published, a teenager called her “the worst person ever” simply because she felt offended by the tone of Amy Chua in the book. After all, Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior serves as Amy Chua’s personal achievement, memoir not as a way to pursuit all of the parents should be like her.
Topic: family

In the end, Amy Chua successfully applies many techniques which effective content including writing style and the usage of examples, statistic as well as expressions in Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior. Although this article was criticized by many readers about the affair of children abuse because the different perspectives about interpreting Amy Chua’s tone and examples in the article, we cannot negate that Amy Chua was a good writer who undoubtedly achieved her goal in transferring her idea using many writing skills.
Topic: family

The presenting problem in this family is that Gilbert is experiencing caregiver stress syndrome. Caregiver Stress Syndrome are actual physiological, psychological, and emotional symptoms that is a direct result of emotional strain of attending to the all the needs of the dependent child or adult (England, 2000). Gilbert gets frustrated with his caretaking responsibilities of Arnie to the point he has physically assaulted his brother. Both brothers also have unresolved grief from the suicide of their father and the recent death of their mother. Both sisters also moved away immediately after their mother’s death leaving Gilbert without support in the caretaking of Arnie. Family Strengths
Topic: family

Resiliency can be defined as the ability to recover from adversity stronger and more resourceful (Walsh, 2006). Resiliency is the common theme throughout this family as they have endured the father’s suicide, the mother’s depression, morbid obesity, and subsequent death, the loss of their “old” mother, the disconnection of family members, and Arnie’s disability. Although there is dysfunction in this family, they work hard to sustain what they have. There is a strong bond and commitment to take care of one another.
Topic: family

While there is turmoil and stress in taking care of Arnie, he is an internal strength for this family. In looking at this family through the Bowen Family Theory, triangulation is formed between two antagonistic individuals also, linked to a third party that creates the calming effect between all individuals that are in conflict (McTiller, 2009). It is often this third party that provides a sense of homeostasis within the family unit. Homeostasis is a concept relating the balance and equilibrium within the family unit that regulates and maintains the system cohesion (Hepworth, 2010). There is consistent turmoil between Gilbert and his sisters regarding Arnie. During this time of turmoil Gilbert leaves the family but always returns because of Arnie, creating the family homeostasis once again.
Topic: family

The Grape family does have an advantage to be exposed to external factors due to the fact they grew up in a small town and the town does know of the family’s history and current circumstances. At Gilbert’s place of employment, Lamson’s Grocery, Mr. and Mrs. Lamson provide emotional support to Gilbert as well as supervision for Arnie while Gilbert works. Gilbert also recieves support from his two childhood friends, Tucker and Bobby. Tucker also helped Gilbert to make repairs on his house for his mother’s emotional support while she was alive. He currently provides emotional support and guidance as needed to Gilbert. Evidence-Based Practice Literature Research