ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: immigration

Anti-oppressive practice (AOP) ‘seeks to understand and deal with the structural causes of social problems and address their consequences’ (Dominelli, 2009; 53). Thompson (2006) states points to move towards a more anti-racist, and therefore anti-oppressive, practice in social work. I will apply and analyse these steps with regards to working with UASC. Social workers should acknowledge the impact that structural and cultural influences have on their personal behaviour. As stated earlier, structural, cultural and personal levels of oppression are all interlinked. Xenoracist thoughts can ‘filter through’ (Thompson, 2006:31) from the cultural level and impact on a social worker’s practice with UASC. If social workers can acknowledge that this happens, actively work against that mechanism, and challenge the negative discourse portrayed of asylum seekers, oppressive behaviour within social work will be reduced. This can also go some way to challenging aspects of xenoracism on the cultural level. When individuals collectively challenge xenoracist culture, they can attenuate structures that support it (Thompson, 2006).
Topic: immigration

Social workers must ‘operate on the basis of cultural difference not deficit’ (Thompson, 2006:93). Assessment and intervention must not be based on negative assumptions. The traumas UASC go through before leaving their country of origin and while travelling to the UK can lead to both physical and mental distress (Dorling, 2009). It is wrong, however, to assume that all UASC will require intervention to improve their mental wellbeing. This can ‘lead to stereotyping and a misconception of the actual needs of individual refugees’ (Hek, 2005:15). Many UASC will be incredibly resilient, and consequently will be able to manage their situation well (Hek, 2005). As discussed earlier, UASC have very little relative power due to the surveillance of them by the public and statutory organisations. Social workers can try to empower UASC to support them to overcome xenoracism. Empowerment gives people the power to be in control of their lives, and to organise their own futures (Shardlow, 2009).
Topic: immigration

Social workers can try to empower UASC by reflecting on how their position in society can affect their relationships with UASC (Burke and Dalrymple, 2009). As stated above, UASC can attempt to retain some power by not disclosing issues to social workers (Chase, 2009). Social workers should encourage UASC to tell them their stories in a way that they can determine the meaning and gain control. This will only be empowering if social workers are aware of the role language plays in showing power differentials. Social workers must use words that the children understand and relate to, so that UASC can use them to describe their situations (Burke and Dalrymple, 2009).
Topic: immigration

Interpreters may be an effective way of communicating with UASC in an empowering way. However, this can also have the opposite effect as many social workers believe using interpreters makes it difficult to build a positive relationship with the child, and results in a lack of information (Kriz & Skivenes, 2010). It should be noted here that social workers have a statutory duty in relation to UASC that may conflict with ideas of AOP. Social workers are involved in immigration and age assessment. In many cases, the decisions social workers make in these areas will not be in the best interest of the child, and may even lead to deportation.
Topic: immigration

For example, the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act (2002) made it a requirement that LAs, and therefore social workers, report any failed asylum seeker or someone they suspect is in Britain illegally to the Home Office (Humphries, 2004). This can be seen as social workers actively bringing the attention of the Home Office to an individual’s difference, causing them to be discriminated against. In addition to anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive practice, social workers should be culturally competent (Parker, 2008). This will lead to effective responses to diversity factors such as religion, class and ethnicity, whilst valuing service users as individuals (Ben-Ari & Strier, 2010). This can lead to UASC feeling included and respected for their differences (Harrison and Turner, 2011).
Topic: immigration

This essay looked into these discourses, and how power differentials can materialise through surveillance of asylum seekers. Social workers, although sometimes having a statutory duty that exacerbates oppression, can use anti oppressive practice with UASC to help reduce the extent to which they are oppressed by challenging discourses and attempting to empower the young people. Cultural competence is also valuable to social work practice with UASC, as it can contribute to the inclusion of unaccompanied asylum seeking children.
Topic: immigration

Pasta and pizza the two words are brought to mind when you think of Italy. The last thing that you think of is immigration. We see and hear about it nearly every day but it is usually Africa or Singapore. This essay will talk about the Immigration from Italy, Why they immigrated, how they got here, their roles when they got here, whether or not they were welcome, what they contributed to our society, what difficulties they faced, the process of getting here, how they were helped and what the status of immigration is like today.
Topic: immigration

Migration means moving from one place to another, the Italians have been migrating to Australia for over 200 years. This migration was at its peak during the years between 1876 and 1965. During this time period nearly 33 000 people emigrated. The bulk of this was during or after WWII. These Italians suffered much poverty and hardship especially in the southern country areas. In these areas the wealthy people owned large areas of land.
Topic: immigration

Both of these reasons are thought to be the major drives behind the migration sensation. By 1939 there were 38,000 people of Italian Origin in Australia and by 1971 when the rush of migration had slowed greatly there were over 660, 000 people of Italian descent in Australia. But how did they get there? There were no planes and most people were much too poor to get on a proper boat. There was also the prospect of getting to the port. Many people would travel days by cart, train, bus or boat. Their very few belongings fitted into a small, solid wooden trunk. It normally involved a good luck charm such as a rosary and some photographs of their loved ones. They then had to board a rickety and unsafe boat, the conditions were cramped, food was poor and the journey took its toll on the young and the sick. The boat was advertised to be 5 star and many Italians believed this.
Topic: immigration

Nowadays there are still many Italians entering our country, but there is now much more support of it. However there was some support, in 1881 politician Francesco Sceusa founded the Italian Benevolent Society. This society was committed to improving the living and working conditions of Italian immigrants, there was also the Camitato Assistenza Italani, the Associazione Nazionle Famigle Emigrati and the Federaziane Italiana Lavoratori Emigratie Famiglie. All of these were organised and set up by the Italian Government to better life in Australia for immigrants. These sorts of organisations are what I believe should be promoted and advertised more in the present day.
Topic: immigration

I am proposing that a special support system be put into place by the Australian Government in order to help any immigrant of Italian descent. This program will offer assistance with finding a job and semi-permanent to completely permanent accommodation, education assistance for children and help with any difficulties or conflicts in the world around them. Often people forget about the amount of Italian immigrants in Australia so the very first step towards a brighter future for Italian immigrants. The government invest millions of dollars every year into stopping asylum seekers, if a fraction of that could be put towards helping some of them the difficulties for people that will in the long term help our nation the amount of hatred and controversy over this sensitive topic will slowly lessen. There are many organisations already in the world that have begun to do this.
Topic: immigration

The Comitato Assistenza Italani still exists today and a youth worker Marco Zangiri claimed “they believe this is the new Eldorado, they still think they can come here and have a nice house at Bondi.” For Zangiri, he sees about 20 Italians, per day, all wanting advice about settling in Australia “we have lots of people with previous professions but when they get here it is harder to get a degree recognised.” These people need that helping hand to get a head start in the career industry; it’s hard enough for born and bred Australians to get a job, let alone a foreigner. Another support system which would greatly improve the quality of live for these immigrants is the ability to be taught the English language. All over the world language barriers are created and destroyed imagine if the barrier between immigrants and everyday Australians was slowly destroyed and these two different communities could evolve into a multi-cultural society much like Australia today. If these proposals are carried out we will be on our way to a better and safer community for Australians and others alike. Once we take the very first step, it will be smooth sailing in the future
Topic: immigration

In this essay I have discussed the history of Italian immigration such as why they immigrated, how they got here, what life was like in Australia, their jobs, hobbies, what they brought into Australia and much more. I also looked into the state of acceptance and agreeability within our nation, if the Italians where welcomed or shunned and some of the strategies being put into place by the government, both then and now, to aid these immigrants. Finally I discussed some options of which I believe the government should take in order to slowly better the quality of life in Australia, for all immigrants from around the world. These included the raising of awareness, the assistance with job and living arrangements and the ability to learn and speak English. All of these factors will contribute to the growth of awareness of these people in Australia. We are all the same, why should your country make a difference?
Topic: immigration

How might encouraging immigrants to move to American cities improve the lives of recent arrivals? Cities are a different animal when compared to rural and suburban areas. New immigrants moving to cities have many more choices available. The density of modern cities provides many more opportunities for living, shopping, and working. The greater prospect of being able to connect with people who have come before them and share similar roots is an enticement. Cities and urban areas provide more of an understanding and accepting atmosphere for different ethnic individuals, as well as services available from government and non-profits.
Topic: immigration

The immigrant “bonus” for U.S. cities, however, breaks down on closer inspection. Some U.S. cities attract many immigrants and receive tangible benefits from them. Others do not. And among those cities that attract high numbers of immigrants and are boosted, some do so organically, without any explicit plan, while others apply self-conscious and rigorous policies towards immigrant-attraction and promotion of immigrant success. In this paper, we examine the differences among American cities in attracting immigrants – and what happens when immigrants arrive.
Topic: immigration

To what extent can a significant illegal alien population pose a problem? America’s exceptional status as a “nation of immigrants” is being challenged by globalization, which is making both migration and terrorism much easier. The biggest challenge for policymakers is distinguishing illusory immigration problems from real problems. One thing is quite clear: The favored approach of recent years-a policy of benign neglect-is no longer tenable. “Illegal immigration into the United States is massive in scale. More than 10 million undocumented aliens currently reside in the U.S., and that population is growing by 700,000 per year. On one hand, the presence of so many aliens is a powerful testament to the attractiveness of America. On the other hand, it is a sign of how dangerously open our borders are.
Topic: immigration

Typical illegal aliens come to America primarily for better jobs and in the process add value to the U.S. economy. However, they also take away value by weakening the legal and national security environment. When three out of every 100 people in America are undocumented (or, rather, documented with forged and faked papers), there is a profound security problem. Even though they pose no direct security threat, the presence of millions of undocumented migrants distorts the law, distracts resources, and effectively creates a cover for terrorists and criminals. In other words, the real problem presented by illegal immigration is security, not the supposed threat to the economy. Indeed, efforts to curtail the economic influx of migrants actually worsen the security dilemma by driving many migrant workers underground, thereby encouraging the culture of illegality. A non-citizen guest worker program is an essential component of securing the border, but only if it is the right program” (heritage.org).
Topic: immigration

How can organized religious groups help or stand in the way of the process? Jacksonville is fairly typical of the southern United Sates with Protestant denominations making up the clear majority and Catholics constituting the remainder. The rivalries are not in the Muslin vs Christian variety per se but if apparent tend to be much more localized in behavior and substance. A typical example, “Christian leader on immigration tells Jacksonville pastors immigrants a ‘blessing,’ not a threat” Some Christians are fearful of immigrants, Pastor Matthew Soerens of Jacksonville knows what he talking about. He points to a Pew survey showing that a slight majority of white evangelicals see immigrants, those here legally and not, as a threat to the U.S., to its jobs, customs and values. “Maybe they’re a blessing,” he said. “Maybe they’re people God has sent to us, as a blessing.”
Topic: immigration

They’re also a boon to the economy and culture of the U.S., he said, adding that even the costs of undocumented immigrants are outweighed by the taxes they pay and the work ethic they bring. “Immigration itself is an entrepreneurial act,” … “Churches have long been a key player in helping immigrants adjust to life in America. Yet it’s rare that immigration is brought up in church services, he said, and a recent poll showed that an overwhelming majority of evangelicals say their views on immigration are driven by factors other than their Christianity. The Bible, though, has much to say about immigrants, said Soerens, who repeatedly cited the chapter and verse of salient points. “Ger,” a Hebrew word that translates to immigrant, appears 92 times in the Old Testament, he noted. And Biblical heroes Abraham, Rebekah, Joseph, Ruth, David and Paul were immigrants. So too was Jesus, for that matter” (Jacksonville.com, 2015).
Topic: immigration

What legal barriers exist to help or stand in the way of the process? Religious organizations are the ones that probably have the best chance of reaching out to the immigrant and ethnic populations. The main problem lies in the political structure and the tails of immigrants trying to navigate the maze of the nation’s immigration laws. “In the pews of the First Baptist Church of Orlando, where thousands of evangelical Christians gather on Sundays to worship and sing, a change of heart is happening on the once toxic issue of immigration. Two years ago, national evangelical leaders began to speak out in favor of legislation to give legal status to immigrants in the United States illegally. Now, as Congress is about to start a debate on overhauling the immigration system, conservative Christians, once inclined to take a hard line on immigrants they viewed as lawbreakers, are consulting their Bibles and coming around to the pastors’ view.
Topic: immigration

Accord has been less broad among the faithful. In a poll released in March by the Public Religion Research Institute and the Brookings Institution, white evangelical Protestants were the least likely of the religious groups surveyed to support a path to citizenship for immigrants here illegally, with 56 percent of them favoring that approach. Among Hispanic Catholics, the group expressing the most support, 74 percent said they would allow those immigrants to become citizens. Only 41 percent of white evangelicals who identify with the Tea Party supported a path to citizenship, according to the survey” (nytimes, 2015).
Topic: immigration

But many pastors in largely white churches have been spurred to action on immigration by preachers in Hispanic and immigrant churches, who have seen rapid growth in their congregations and have ministered to many followers who spoke of living in fear because they lacked legal papers. The shift among evangelical Christians could have a powerful effect on the fight in Washington, as Republican lawmakers, including many who have opposed any amnesty for illegal immigrants, look to see how much they can support measures to bring those immigrants into the legal system without alienating conservative voters.
Topic: immigration

Will the implementation of an economic revitalization plan involving immigrants work? As numerous studies have documented, immigration has re-emerged over the past 25 years as a potent force influencing the size and composition of the population in U.S. cities. The impact on population growth has a corresponding positive impact on wages, housing prices, rents, and cultural diversity. Immigration has a positive influence on metro areas by reversing population losses, expanding the workforce, boosting home values, and reducing vacancy and foreclosure problems. Studies find that immigration and economic growth of metro areas go hand in hand. In light of the well-documented contributions of immigrants in local communities throughout the United States, there are several recommendations local, state, and national policymakers should bear in mind: Policies of inclusion and welcome, which help grow opportunities for integration into a local area, are important at the local, state, and federal level. In particular, access to language and cultural competency learning, information about local resources, and civic engagement opportunities are important components of integration processes.
Topic: immigration

“Partnerships between the immigrant and native-born business and entrepreneurship community are important for ensuring that immigrant business owners are aware of the business resources available in a place (such as the local chamber of commerce and other business organizations). Entrepreneurs’ access to credit and capital—through microloan programs, business incubators in local communities, and other methods—can also help spur immigrant small business growth, new markets, and job creation. At the national level, policymakers should enact comprehensive immigration reform that modernizes the U.S. immigration system, creating the necessary legal pathways that work for entrepreneurs, innovators, students, families, businesses, employers, and all types of workers.
Topic: immigration

Immigration reform, in addition to recognizing that immigrant entrepreneurs come through all immigration pathways—family, employment, refugee, and others—should also ensure better recognition of foreign-earned credentials in licensed professions so that skilled immigrants’ talent isn’t wasted in the places in which they already reside in the U.S. Immigrant integration strategies should be a component of comprehensive immigration reform. In addition to modernizing and streamlining visa pathways, clearing backlogs, and providing a pathway to citizenship for the undocumented population, reforms must provide immigrants and the communities in which they live with the tools to prosper. For effective legislative outcomes, cities and towns interested in pursuing immigrant integration and welcoming must ensure their own voices and perspectives reach the ears of national policymakers.
Topic: immigration

And national leaders in Washington must listen to what local leaders are telling them about what’s going on in their communities. To make the most of local immigration recruitment, development, and welcoming initiatives, there needs to be a thoughtful, comprehensive effort to modernize the U.S. immigration system. In the meantime, local places will continue to compete for human capital. Those cities which welcome the initiative and drive of immigrants will not only experience economic and social dividends, but will be poised to prosper even more under a new era of immigration reform” (immagrationpolicy.org, 2015).
Topic: immigration

According to the constitution, the non citizens lack any rights for entry in the country. The disabled who are protected under the Disabilities Act also face discrimination in immigration. They are denied entry being regarded as inadmissible “aliens” who cannot be allowed to enter. Racial discrimination has also been entertained in the Unite States immigration history whereby immigration laws in the U.S. have punished people of a different color. As Puerto Ricans, we have experienced racial hatred often transferred from citizens of United States to the immigrants who share similar ancestries.  (LeMay M. C., xxxiv)
Topic: immigration

The United States have complied with the color blindness laws that are demanded with the U.S. However in Supreme Court, non citizens are disproportionately restricted from entering the country. The culmination of this is the creation of tension with the nation stated commitment equality under the law. There is also an ignorance of laws that are protective to the poor, disabled, and HIV positive and racial minorities even under the U.S. immigration laws. It has been realized that there are no moral jurisdictions in keeping these groups out of the United States.
Topic: immigration

Records have also shown that racial hatred transfer from citizens in United States to the immigrants who share similar ancestries. (LeMay M. C 26) Several states have enacted laws that show no mercy, even for immigrants with steady jobs, deep community roots, a history of paying taxes and children who are citizens. Undocumented and lawful immigrants have fewer rights compared to the citizens of the United States. Lack of equal rights extends to exploitation in the secondary market, low wages and very few legal protections. There is also a racial caste system which cannot be reconciled with the liberty and equality.
Topic: immigration

Majority of the opponents of the ban however still feel that the current number of illegal immigrants in school is not yet a burden or an issue of concern to warrant such crude measures. It is believed that the cessation of government support to immigrant’s education would go along way in ensuring that illegal immigration is reduced by a large magnitude. This is attributed to the fact that any form of gain acts as an incentive to the immigrants (Haines & Rosenblum 133)Immigrant workers have been negatively affected by the immigrants’ laws in some states in America. Oklahoma, which has one of the toughest new laws, now prevents illegal immigrants from getting state services.
Topic: immigration

This mostly happens where spouses, parents or children are illegal.  Their relatives are the ones who are placed at risk for “harboring” them at their homes or “transporting” them to church. Oklahoma Hispanic groups estimate that around 25,000 people left the state after the law was approved. The number of students who attended School dropped, workers disappeared, church attendance shrank and most Latino businesses lost customers.  There are several reports that shows police in some places target Hispanic drivers for roadside stops and document checks.
Topic: immigration

Lives of African Americans between 1877 and 1928 and Effects of Industrialization The lives of African Americans between 1877 and 1928 were marked with sufferings as well as attempts to liberalize themselves and achieve civil rights. The era of reconstruction ended in 1876 and so the period between 1877 and 1928 marks the period after reconstruction and also includes the period during the First World War. It is an era marked by inequality and injustices against the African Americans as well as efforts by the African Americans to achieve equality and bring an end to injustices.
Topic: immigration

At this time in history, most of the African Americans lived in the southern part of the United States of America and they were not at peace with the whites. There was tension between the African Americans and the whites at this period where even getting jobs was very hard for the African Americans. Most of the African Americans worked as tenant farmers or sharecroppers. Very few of them got jobs in the mills as the owners of the mills preferred to use white children and white women as they considered African Americans ignorant and lazy(Media Projects Incorporated 34).
Topic: immigration

Only few of the young African Americans attended high school and the African Americans had no legal protection. Most of them got their comfort from music and from the church. In 1910, the African Americans began moving from the south to the north in what is known as the great migration (Media Projects Incorporated 39). This was in response to increasing discrimination. In the First World War, most African Americans were excluded from combat but they supported the war by working as laborers (Media Projects Incorporated 37).
Topic: immigration

This serves to show how racial discrimination was deeply rooted in the United States during this period. The African Americans faced a lot of problems during this time and they made attempts to deal with these problems. At this time, racial segregation was rampant and was supported by the Jim Crow Laws. These laws were meant to limit the freedom of the African Americans by allowing segregation in all areas of the society which included restaurants, hospitals, washrooms, schools, and transport services.
Topic: immigration

The laws were meant to support separation of the black Americans and whites by offering them equal facilities but this was not the case (Media Projects Incorporated 24). The facilities of the blacks were poor in quality and not equal to those of the whites. Some of the African Americans responded to these by defying the laws which led to their prosecution where they always lost the cases. Apart from racial segregation, the African Americans also faced lynchings from white mobs and those who participated in the lynchings often went unpunished (Media Projects Incorporated 26).
Topic: immigration

Records show that most of the lynchings took place in the year 1882 when about four African Americans were killed by the whites each week (Media Projects Incorporated 26). In response to this problem, the African Americans staged protests but these were ignored and so the lynchings continued. Another problem that faced the African Americans was the fact that they were poor. Even though sharecropping was meant to enable the African Americans become independent, it served as a means for the land owners to enslave them as the poor farmers could not afford to pay for their expenses (Media Projects Incorporated 29).
Topic: immigration

The group also called for the revocation of the Jim Crow Laws as well as ending of racial segregation (Media Projects Incorporated 26). In a bid to ensure that African Americans achieved education, the Tuskegee Institute was started and its aim was to equip the African Americans with skills to enable them to become school teachers as well as gain other skills (Media Projects Incorporated 31). The Niagara Movement was an organization that was founded in 1905 and whose aim was to fight for the African American civil rights.
Topic: immigration

In 1909, the movement included liberalized whites and it changed to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (Media Projects Incorporated 39). It comprised of African Americans and liberal whites and it sought equality between the whites and African Americans. Another organization is the American Citizens’ Equal Rights Association which fought for equality. Different people led the African Americans at this time. One of these is Booker T. Washington who was the founder of the Tuskegee Institute.
Topic: immigration

His approach to achieving civil rights was that African Americans should have concentrated on improving themselves economically rather than concentrating on demanding civil rights and social equality (Media Projects Incorporated 38). He also advocated for acceptance of racial segregation. Another leader was Du Bois who started the Niagara Movement and his approach to achieving civil rights was that higher education and not mere trades was the way to equality (Media Projects Incorporated 38). Though the African Americans were relentless in their fight for equality, they achieved little by the end of 1920s.
Topic: immigration

By the end of 1920s African Americans could buy homes in neighborhoods that belonged to whites but they did not live in peace and were constantly being terrorized by gangs and the police did not intervene in these cases (Schneider 66). Segregation in the northern schools by this time was gaining popularity and by the end of the 1920s, most of the schools in the northern part of the U. S. practiced segregation just like in the south (Schneider 67). A remarkable achievement was the reduction of the lynchings. For example in 1929 there were only 7 African American lynchings (Schneider 63).
Topic: immigration

Generally, the civil rights activists did their best to fight for equality but by the end of 1920s the fight for equality was far from over. In fact it can only be said to be a remarkable period during which the fight for equality was gaining momentum as is seen by African Americans failure to take oppression sitting down. The lives of African Americans were greatly affected by industrialization. Following industrialization there was urbanization and this led to migration of African Americans from the south where they were largely concentrated to the northern cities.
Topic: immigration

Industrialization increased conflict between the whites and the African Americans in some ways in that these two groups now had to compete for the available jobs (Healey 197). With the complexity of the industrial structure, there were less cases of discrimination especially when it came to allocation of jobs based on race and this meant that in industries the Jim Crow Laws were not applied. This also meant that the opportunities for the African Americans who were among the minority increased. Immigrants were also affected by industrialization.
Topic: immigration

The increased demand for labor in the industries encouraged immigration. The government policies at that time did not restrict immigration. Industrialization created job opportunities for these immigrants. The period between 1890 and 1910 saw immigration of a large number of people into U. S. (Howard and Pintozzi 106). The immigrants came into U. S. due to industrialization but the motives were different; there were those who immigrated into U. S. to escape hardships in their countries while others immigrated in search of jobs.
Topic: immigration

These people had cultural practices that differed greatly with those of the Americans and the increased immigration led to overcrowding in the towns. This led to introduction of immigration restrictions. For example in 1907 Japan and U. S. signed an agreement that would see Japan limit immigration into the U. S (Howard and Pintozzi 106). Industrialization also affected farmers. Industrialization led to abandonment of farming by the farmers where they moved to cities in pursuit of higher wages (Howard and Pintozzi 104).
Topic: immigration

Lower wages in the farming sector was due to increased costs of farming as well as well as a reduction in the cost of agricultural products (Howard and Pintozzi 104). On the other hand, farmers benefited from industrialization in that the increased number of people living in the cities meant that there was a ready market for the agricultural foods. The railroads facilitated this in that they provided a means for the transportation of farm produce into the cities. In addition, some of the factories utilized farm products and this meant that the farmers had a market for their products.
Topic: immigration

Another thing is that industrialization led to advancement in agricultural equipments as well as agricultural techniques and this led to increased production. Another group that was affected by industrialization is the industrial workers. Following industrialization, the composition of industrial workers changed greatly where the number of child laborers increased greatly. These child laborers were members of families that had moved from the farms to the cities in search of better wages (Healey 197). They were more popular among the factory employers than the adult laborers as they were cheap and less likely to strike.
Topic: immigration

This increase in child labor led to rise of movements that advocated for labor reform. Another thing is that the bulk of industrial workers during this period comprised of immigrants (Healey 197). These industrial workers benefitted from improved products following the introduction of better agricultural techniques. Due to a large number of the people who were willing to work in the industries, the industries paid their workers low wages, the workers worked for long hours, and above all the working conditions were deplorable (Healey 197).
Topic: immigration

In my view, nationalism is not a new phenomenon. In the majority of my arguments in this paper, the afore-going statement functions as my point of departure as I mainly disagree with the majority of Anderson’s positions on nationalism. While I agree that nations in many cases are pictured communities, this is not a fundamental quality of nations, and neither are countries always sovereign, though they may be limited geographically. I posit that republicanism, rather than ‘print capitalism’, is the dad of modern-day nations however at the exact same time, that countries are not products of modernity.
Topic: immigration

They originate from drastically different ideologies or are driven by the desire for resource or ideological control, causing a scenario where a country, while remaining so, is however in a perpetual state of internal conflict with clear disunity of mind. These are some of the extreme cases, and in most of them the country is held together by coercion and repression rather than as an outcome of a thought of community. As such, Anderson’s position that Nations are made so by “deep horizontal comradeship” (6-7pp.) is desiring, and in my view, void.
Topic: immigration

Imagined Community is Simply a Quality of the Ideal Nation In further disputing the quality of an imagined community as the principal source of definition of a nation, I beg to point out that imagined communities also exist in virtually every sphere of life, sometimes bound within defined geographies, yet that does not make these communities nations. A case in point is in religion, where Christians, Buddhists, Muslims, etc can be defined as imagined communities, where adherents ascribe to a common doctrine and agree to be bound by it, recognizing fellow adherents as part of a family.
Topic: immigration

In the case of the Middle East, Islam is virtually ubiquitous, meaning that an imagined community of Muslims is confined within a geographical location; they are even governed respectively by very similar laws in most cases. Despite all these, the Middle East is not a nation but merely a region. This same argument could be applied to international socialism in Europe at the turn of the 20th century just as well as it could be applied to communism between the end of WWII and the fall of the Berlin wall.
Topic: immigration

I admit that it is hard to discredit the author, particularly on this last point that tries to explain the homogeneity of national language. However, I still dispute the supremacy of print capitalism in defining nations; for the most part, these stratifications based on language existed before the rise of the nation-state – the French would mostly be found in France, just as the Spaniards would be found in Spain and the Caribbean’s and the English would be found in Britain and America.
Topic: immigration

If the term means complete independence and self-determination, then the same does not apply to most poor countries today, which are virtually governed by Structural Adjustment Policies or other such instruments drawn up by foreign powers such as the IMF, the World Bank, the U. N and the United States. As an example, is Afghanistan sovereign today? Yet it is a nation. On the other hand, if the definition of sovereignty is simply ostensible self-governance, then most Nations are sovereign, although this quality remains more theoretical than practical. Where I Agree with Anderson Imagined Communities within Borders are Nations
Topic: immigration

While many nations are not imagined communities, there are those idyllic cases which are defined as nations by virtue of being imagined communities within boundaries. The classic example is of course Israel, though America, Britain and France also serve as good examples. I thus agree with Anderson only to that extent. Nations Strive to be Sovereign, and the Imagined Community Does Inspire Poor nations may not be sovereign, therefore failing Anderson’s criteria of a nation, but still sovereignty remains a long sort goal that strengthens the bond of unity and resolve of the people for self-determination.
Topic: immigration

Haiti, long a nation, has not been sovereign, long haunted by invasion, blackmail, and outright occupation over its distraught 2 century history, yet that has worked to make even more resolute the Haitians’ desire to become and remain independent. On sacrifice, without a doubt the imagined communities modeled around nationalism have citizenships that would die for it. We see this all the time during wars and international political or economic disputes. On this point, I totally concur with Anderson. Nationalism is not Obsolete in the Face of Globalization
Topic: immigration

Finally, I do concur with Anderson that in a globalizing world, nationalism is far from obsolete. Politics is not globalizing because ethnic conflicts remain prevalent across the globe, as nationalist sentiments rise. Somalia has been in the doldrums for two decades now, and no nation wants much to do with it, save for its neighbors who are directly affected by its squabbles. Immigration laws are also getting tighter, as developing countries make it harder for immigrants to find residence within their borders.
Topic: immigration

Decades of immigration have put a strain on national resources, locals have lost jobs to immigrants and wages have gone down because immigrants provide cheap labor. At the same time, terrorism is making movement for everyone a nightmare, if not impossible in some instances. Even if all these issues were resolved, fundamental political differences in respective jurisdictions would be an almost impossible hurdle; taking the example of health care, a single-payer system as is widely used in Canada, Denmark and other countries would be an utter abomination in America.
Topic: immigration

Ask: Why do people move? What forces do you think drive human migration? Then explain to students that people move for many reasons and that those reasons are called push factors and pull factors. Tell students that push factors include leaving a place because of a problem, such as a food shortage, war, or flood. Tell students that pull factors include moving to a place because of something good, such as a nicer climate, more job opportunities, or a better food supply. Ask: What effect does a region’s economy; climate, politics, and culture have on migration to and from the area? Have students brainstorm additional reasons for migrating, such as displacement by a natural disaster, lack of natural resources, the state of an economy, and more. The relatively permanent movement of people across territorial boundaries is referred to as in migration and out-migration, or immigration and emigration when the boundaries crossed are international.
Topic: immigration

Jay Weinstein and Vijayan Pillai (2001) denote a third classification: forced migration. Forced migration exists when a person is moved against their will (slaves), or when the move is initiated because of external factors (natural disaster or civil war). The distinction between internal and international migration is crucial because they happen for different reasons. Because structural barriers are more likely to impede the mobility of a potential international migrant than an internal migrant—international migration involves more administrative procedures, greater expense, and more difficulties associated with obtaining employment, accessing state services, learning a new language, and the like—the motivations behind international migration are usually stronger than those behind internal migration (Weeks 1999).
Topic: immigration

People have moved from their home countries for centuries, for all sorts of reasons. Some are drawn to new places by ‘pull ‘ factors, others find it difficult to remain where they are and migrate because of ‘push’ factors. These have contributed to the recent movement of people here but are also the reason why people from here have emigrated to other countries. Over 80 million people in the world have Irish blood; 36.5 million US residents claimed Irish ancestry in 2007. Historically some were transported or sold into slavery or left because of poverty, hunger, persecution, discrimination, civil war, unemployment and, more recently, simply for education and better jobs. Migrant numbers have risen rapidly in the last decade. In 2013 there were thought to be over 230 million international migrants.
Topic: immigration

is an act that occurs, because of some factors especially in the under developed countries and the most important causes or reasons are mainly social reasons, politic reasons and economic reasons. For the first reason which is the social one , the underdeveloped countries know and suffer from crisis at the economic level, this factor leads the people to immigrates abroad in order togain money , and find a work. Also, poverty leads many people and pushes them to search for a work and gain money to solve their problems and afford their needs, but this isn’t available or easy to reach in their home country, so that they choose to travel abroad where the work is available and the cost of living isn’t rising, and where they can improve their social situation.
Topic: immigration

For the second reason, which is politic, and as we know, in some countries especially the underdeveloped one there is some civil wars between the citizenship, this fact means that there is no peace in that country and automatically we know that when there is no peace there is no normal life, because when the war start it damaged anything and everyone who is in front of it, and because of all that some people choose to travel abroad and avoid any trouble caused by the war. At least, and for the third reason, which is the economic one, the most underdeveloped countries suffer from the low salaries that the workers get, which push many of them to think of the immigration.
Topic: immigration

Also, those countries don’t afford for all the people enough jobs especially for the younger’s that are considered as new comers to the job market where they shocked when they discover that there isn’t enough jobs for them and so that their decision will be surely to travel abroad or to immigrate definitively. But the most dangerous problem is that some younger’s travel even if they have high degrees in different domains and this will leads those countries to fall in the problem of BRAIN DRAIN, so that their immigration could be a great loss for their countries, especially in a time where there countries are in a great need for their knowledge.
Topic: immigration

In global integration, movement of people features prominently. A majority of destination countries prefer entry of high skilled laborers over low skilled workers, refugees and asylum seekers. Modern world migration is extremely precipitated by the rising inequality levels in human security and income between and among developed and developing countries. In addition, other driving factors of modern day migration include uneven economic developments, technological advancements in communication and transport and rapid demographic changes. While migrating from one location to another, migrants retain transnational connections rather than social existence (Castles ; Miller, 2009). The onset of global economic slur in 2008 elicited a hiatus in a number of these factors, thereby undermining the long term significance of these factors. This paper sets out to explore the modern world’s factors that drive migration.
Topic: immigration

The number of people who moved in 2010 in international migration totaled to 191 million, according to the UNHCR. The key driver in international migration is globalization of international economies coupled with integration of worldwide factor markets. Globalization of such markets as goods, information, financial capital, services and commodities has inspired movement of people subject to human capital and labor needs (Delia, 2012). Global integration is presently prevalent in unskilled labor and skilled labor immigrations.
Topic: immigration

Contrary to the perception of most people, migration has been an opportunity for international integration and development rather than a threat. The business corporation world has changed divested in its core objective of making profits to pursue the triple p mantra of people, profits and planet. Businesses focusing on people and planet pursued sustainability initiatives and these have become the integral features among businesses globally. Migration in globalized world is fueled by the need to dissipate and distribute skills and resources. For instance, investors are moving into the outskirts of financially concentrated regions to invest elsewhere (Fortunati, ; Pertierra, 2011). The number of investors moving from commercial hubs such as New York and London to emerging and developing economies in Asia, Africa, South America and Europe is astounding.
Topic: immigration

Notwithstanding, globalization of businesses has led to the mass exodus of people. Corporations are setting basis in different corners of the planet. This demands exporting of human capital to tend to the ground issues as well as set pace for and advance the organizational business culture. For instance, Google Corporation established basis in China and had to move a sizeable number of its employees (Gavrilova, 2011). These employees moved with their families and settled in China.
Topic: immigration

There is general consensus across the globe that globalization, over the years, has been on the rise since the end of the Second World War. It is regarded to imply the mobility of factors and goods across international boundaries reaching new and unprecedented heights. Nevertheless, migration restriction policies and laws have constrained modern migration that it was probably possible a century ago (UN Chronicle). What was virtually regarded as free global migration is at present tightly constrained due to tough immigration laws and policies that undoubtedly suppress potential migration.