ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: immigration

I took a trip down to St.Georges market for the first time the other day, to see what different stalls where there and if there where many ethnic communities there. Its amazing to think there are so many hate crimes in Northern Ireland as the atmosphere is friendly and many minorities such as Chinese and polish all interact while looking through hundreds of stalls ranging from, food, fruit, clothes and fish. – St.Georges market is a great place for restaurant owners to buy various foods in bulk for cheap prices.
Topic: immigration

The article of Samuel Huntington entitled “The Hispanic Challenge” is argumentative report which tackles the heated issue concerning immigration and the influx and growing dominance of the Hispanics in the United States in particular. As with any argumentative piece, this article has drawn many criticisms, foremost among these is the reaction of Ricardo Hausmann who in essence argues that the views of Huntington are myopic. This short discourse will try to elaborate on the key point of contention of these two articles and analyze the strength and weaknesses of their respective positions.
Topic: immigration

The first issue that the Hausmann tackles with regard to the article of Huntington is that the view of Huntington “follows in a long tradition of those who would cast doubt on the patriotism of non-Anglo-Protestant ethnic groups (Hausmann 1)”. The question that must be asked regarding this issue therefore is whether or not the increase in Hispanic immigrants threatens the core of anglo-protestant culture. Hausmann argues that the view that Huntington presents with respect to the patriotism of the Hispanics is an overused argument that has already been widely discredited.
Topic: immigration

Huntington on the other hand attempts to present a correlation between the number of foreign immigrants and the number of debates and controversies that shake the core of anglo-protestant culture (Huntington 32). The argument of Hausmann presents a more valid understanding of the issue at hand in this case. While Huntington attempts to make his point by presenting data and statistics regarding the number of immigrants from Mexico and the debates and controversies that it has spawned, he fails to prove that there is indeed a strong correlation here.
Topic: immigration

The Philippines and Cuba are also a predominantly catholic nations but Huntington does not show that these countries may have also had an effect on the debates concerning the state language. While it certainly makes a good discussion, the argument of Huntington on this matter simply does not persuade. There is no need to analyze the arguments of Hausmann on this point because what he merely suggests is that Huntington properly examines the method by which he attempts to prove his point but does not argue against its possible validity. The next topic concerns the concern of Huntington with regard to the English as the nation’s language.
Topic: immigration

The thesis that Huntington presents is that the rising trend with the growing Hispanic population is further encouraged by offering higher compensation to those who can speak Spanish as well as English (Huntington 38). Hausmann argues that Huntington maintains a myopic view of the issue when he argues that because of the growing number of Hispanics in the United States the primacy of English as the main language is threatened. According to Hausmann, “Does Huntington think social policies should be designed to make sure that American monolinguists never face any disadvantage because of their lack of communication skills? Hausmann 1)” Huntington on the other hand argues his point by presenting data that conclusively shows that the growing trend is to reward individuals who speak English and Spanish, “In Miami, one study found, families that spoke only Spanish had average incomes of $18,000; English-only families had average incomes of $32,000; and bilingual families averaged more than $50,000. (Huntington 39)” Again Huntington tries to prove his point by presenting data showing that there is indeed a growing trend that rewards individuals who can speak Spanish as well as English.
Topic: immigration

It is clear at this point that Huntington has already made a hasty conclusion regarding this issue. Huntington fails to consider that America is not only populated by the Hispanics but many other races and cultures as well. In the early 1980s, individuals that could speak English as well as Japanese were highly compensated because of the amount of trade between America and Japan. Currently, the new trend is not in learning Spanish but in Chinese as China is the largest growing economy in the world. Hausmann makes the same mistake that Huntington makes here because he fails to consider the bigger picture.
Topic: immigration

In this age where globalization and international trade is the trend, the rewards for any individual who is capable of conversing fluently in two languages is greater than one who is nonlinguistic. The final bone of contention between these parties is with regard to the issue of the high rate of poverty among the Hispanics which as Huntington claims is the main problem with the Hispanics; Hispanic communities, with their high poverty rate, cause the deterioration of the other communities surrounding them (Huntington 41).
Topic: immigration

Hausmann is quick to point out that if the argument of Huntington were sustained then the states of Mississippi, Alabama and West Virginia would suffer as well because of the dominance of the African Americans in those states. Huasmann indirectly argues that Huntington is gravely mistaken in creating an assumption that any other race aside from the Americans is destined for poverty. Huntington digs his own grave when he presents this argument and attempts to support it by claiming that, “A key part of this development was the expansion of Miami’s economic ties with Latin America.
Topic: immigration

Brazilians, Argentines, Chileans, Colombians, and Venezuelans flooded into Miami, bringing their money with them. By 1993, some $25. 6 billion in international trade, mostly involving Latin America, moved through the city (42). ” While this may seem like a strong argument to some people, it is clear that the logic is flawed. Any fledgling economist can point out that the reason is not because of the Hispanic ties but because of the proximity of the state to the South American countries.
Topic: immigration

The ports in those States receive one of the heaviest traffics because shipping allows for lower expenses because of the volume carried as opposed to land transportation. Huasmann merely criticizes the logic of Huntington in this point. In the end, it is clear that the arguments of Hausmann, while failing to show any real evidence to contradict the statements of Huntington, makes more sense. The position that Hausmann took in his article was more in the nature of a rebuttal argument. Huntington on the other hand, while attempting to hide his biases by presenting “solid” evidence, was clearly unable to properly substantiate any of his claims.
Topic: immigration

Cesar Torres A Call to Action Illegal immigration in the United States is one of the most controversial issues of today. The United States is a nation built on immigrants and this is why the nation was deemed “The melting pot,” because of all the different nationalities residing in this country. The argument of immigration and whether or not it enhances or threatens life in the United States is an on-going issue. Although we are trying to protect our citizens, immigration laws treat immigrants poorly.
Topic: immigration

Reinforcing the borders, establishing clear immigration and deportation policies and doing something with those who are already illegally here but are law abiding citizens should be the goal for a new immigration policy. Instead of bickering on what should be done, congressional and senate leaders need to get the job done and come up with a flexible and workable reform to immigration. Illegal aliens currently in the United States should be eligible for legal status in eight years or some form of amnesty, as long as they learned English, had not committed a crime and paid their taxes.
Topic: immigration

The aim should not be to deport a record number of people. Spouses and minor children of a person who have gained legal status should be eligible to join their legalized family member. No one should be separated from their family. The majority of undocumented workers in the United States are currently holding low-wage, less desirable jobs where they risk injury without health coverage and often work in terrible conditions. Due to their illegal status, the government is failing to protect these workers from morally wrong employers.
Topic: immigration

Congress needs to eliminate the current system entirely or commit to making a fair program with strong worker protections that are vigorously enforced. In states like California, almost half of the students starting school are immigrants or the children of immigrants. As a result of immigration driven population growth, most public schools exceed their capacity. All children have the right to a good education. To alleviate overcrowding, schools use portable classrooms, and even hold classes in temporary instructional space, such as cafeterias and gyms.
Topic: immigration

One possible solution is to pass in many school districts is year-round school schedules. The aim with the year-round schools is to have the buildings in use during the summer months, with students on various schedules in order to maximize resources. There are millions of illegal aliens living in the United States. They are working jobs that need to be done, that someone has to do and that many of us would never take. They are still waiting for a change in the system which could regulate their status. Ignoring the problem will only make things worse. These people deserve fair treatment.
Topic: immigration

The population of Brazil in 1957 was 52 million. That was approximately a third of the population of The United Sates at that time, whose population was around 151 million. Estimates of the population of Brazil vary between 160 million and 171 million. The most recent census in 1996 gave a total of 157 million, which was believed to be about 5% short of the total. (IBGE Website). Other online sources stated the population for Brazil in July 2001 to be 174 million, compared to the United States Population of 278 million.
Topic: immigration

Despite its huge land area, it is estimated that at the time of the 1996 census, 80% of the population lived in cities. Fourteen Brazilian cities have populations of over 1 million, and Sï¿½o Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are two of the world’s largest cities with populations of more than 20 million and 12 million respectively. Much larger than even the largest cities in the USA, Dallas-Fort Worth (Texas), 3,725,000 and Houston (Texas), 3,626,000.
Topic: immigration

The 20th century has seen predominantly fundamentalist Protestant missionaries gaining converts, the “Crente”, as the Brazilian Protestant is known. In 1960, 90% of Brazilians gave Roman Catholicism as their religion. By the early 1990s this had dropped to just over 70% with only an estimated 10 million attending Mass regularly, although Brazil is the world’s largest Roman Catholic country. Whereas only twenty-eight percent of the USA population are Roman Catholic; over eighty per cent of the population Christian and fifty-six per cent are Protestant. There are minorities of people of other religions, for example, Jewish, Amish, Mormon. The United States has produced a number of evangelists, such as Billy Graham.
Topic: immigration

Sportsmen and women from the USA consistently do well at the Olympics, but the traditional outdoor activities are fishing and hunting. Brazil is the best known on international sporting stage for football and motor racing. Edson Arantes do Nascimento, better known as Pele, I consider to be one of the greatest football players of all time and he led the Brazilian national team to 3 world cup victories and inspired a nation in desperate need of heroes. Ayrton Senna became one of the most exciting Formula 1 motor racing drivers to watch and was the world’s leading driver. Unfortunately he died tragically in 1994. In my opinion Sport boosts a countries moral and gives many of the young ambition. Also the taking part in recreational activities such as sport improves health, therefore boosting life expectancy and level of population.
Topic: immigration

Rio de Janeiro with its enormous population is surrounded by hills, which prevents any more growth. ‘Shanty’ houses have been built on the hills surrounding the city by people who can no longer live in the main city, either because of lack of money or because of the lack of room. The ever-growing collection of shanty houses reflects the poor side of Brazil’s population. In this region of shanty houses I know that there are many diseases which surface and spread, due to the hygiene level.
Topic: immigration

Surprisingly the population growth rate at present for both countries is about 0.9%, Brazil actually being fractionally ahead at 0.91%, though the birth rate differs much so. USA had a birth rate of 14.2 births/1000 in 2001 and Brazil 18.45 births/1000. The difference in birth rate could be because of the lack of birth control in Brazil, family planning or education on the subject. Other factors that could have affected the birth rate of Brazil more so than USA may be the difference in:
Topic: immigration

The death rate recorded in 2001 for USA was 8.7 deaths/1000, whereas in 2001 for Brazil it was 9.34 deaths /1000. It is clear that from my sources in 2001 Brazil had a higher death rate. Death rate is a different matter all together, with many factors affecting it, such as the presence of AIDS (diseases in general) and standard of health services. Other factors that affect the death rate of a place/country are:
Topic: immigration

The infant mortality rate is a valuable piece of information, which can give you a clear indication into the state of the country’s health service. The infant mortality rate for the USA in 2001 was 6.76 deaths/1000 births, far better compared to Brazil’s in 2001, with an infant mortality rate of 36.96 deaths/1000 births. This shows that the health service in the USA is more superior to Brazil’s, with having more doctors per 1000 people and definitely more hospitals. The hygiene in these hospitals in the USA is probably also better than that of Brazil’s.
Topic: immigration

The life expectancy at birth in Brazil was lower in 2001 than that of the USA and definitely still is. The difference between the life expectancy for men and women in Brazil was much different to that of USA. In USA the difference was about 5 years, with the men at 74.55 and the women at 80.05, whereas in Brazil the difference was nearly ten years, with the mean 58.95 at and the women at.67.85. There could be higher difference between men and women in Brazil because the men do more industrial jobs than men in the USA, which could prove a strain on health. In USA most men are in the service sector. The average life expectancy at birth in the USA is 80, more than 10 of that in Brazil. This could be because of the better quality of life in the USA.
Topic: immigration

The state of the health service is a key factor in the growth of the population. Usually, the better the economy, the better the public services. As shown with the USA, who are economically very stable. But that statement might not always be true, the strategy and attitude of the government is a very important factor. It is the government who governs and controls the economy (budget) and the people. If it is a right-wing government then generally speaking it will out money into military, etc. Whereas if the government is left-wing, more socialist it will be more likely to invest in public services, such as the health service.
Topic: immigration

On the “FactMonster” web site I found out how Brazil and the USA are governed. The government of the United States is that of a federal republic set up by the Constitution of the United States, adopted by the Constitutional Convention of 1787. There is a division of powers between the federal government and the state governments. The executive power is vested in the President and, in the event of the President’s incapacity, the Vice President. The executive conducts the administrative business of the nation with the aid of a cabinet composed of the Attorney General and the Secretaries of the Departments of State. The members of the Congress are elected by universal suffrage, as are the members of the Electoral College, which formally chooses the President and the Vice President. It was clear from the research I did and from my common knowledge that the USA was politically stable, but I was keen to find out about Brazil…
Topic: immigration

Brazil is governed by the 1988 constitution. Under its terms, authority is vested in the president, who is elected for four years by universal suffrage. Under a 1997 amendment, the president may be re-elected once. There is a bicameral legislature consisting of an upper federal senate and a lower chamber of deputies. The 81 senators are elected for eight years and the 513 deputies are elected for four years. The president may unilaterally intervene in state affairs. Each state has its own governor and legislature. The main political parties are the Brazilian Democratic Movement party, the Liberal Front party, the Democratic Labour party, the Brazilian Social Democracy party, and the Workers party. From the information I found about Brazil, it was clear that it was also politically stable
Topic: immigration

Brazil has one of the world’s largest economies, with well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors (IBGE Web site). There are many between remain, however, in the country’s distribution of land and wealth. Roughly one third of the workforce is involved in agriculture. Brazil is the world’s largest producer and exporter of coffee, its major commercial crop. Its other commercial crops include citrus fruit (especially juice oranges), soybeans, sugarcane, rice, corn, cocoa, cotton, tobacco, and bananas. Cattle, pigs, and sheep are the most common livestock in Brazil, and timber, in the form of logging is also important to the economy.
Topic: immigration

Brazil has an enormous mineral wealth, including iron ore, quartz, chrome ore, manganese, industrial diamonds, gem stones, gold, nickel, tin, bauxite, uranium, and platinum. Brazil is the world’s largest iron ore producer. I found out that Brazil has been the major producer since at least 1957, and back then there was only one known source of iron ore in the whole country. The leading manufacturing industries produce textiles, chemicals, shoes, food products, steel, motor vehicles, ships, and machinery.
Topic: immigration

The mineral and agricultural resources of the United States are tremendous. It leads all nations in the production of electrical and nuclear energy and also liquid natural gas, aluminium, sulfur, phosphates, and salt. It is also a leading producer of copper, gold, coal, crude oil, nitrogen, iron ore, silver, uranium, lead, zinc, mica, molybdenum, and magnesium. Although its output has declined, the United States is among the world leaders in the production of pig iron and ferroalloys, steel, motor vehicles, and synthetic rubber. Also agriculturally, the United States leads the way in production. Major U.S. exports include motor vehicles, aircraft, food, iron and steel products, electric and electronic equipment, industrial and power-generating machinery, chemicals, and consumer goods. The major U.S. trading partner is Canada, it being the world’s largest bilateral relationship. The volume of trade has been steadily increasing.
Topic: immigration

The gross domestic product has continued to rise, and in 1998 it was easily the largest in the world at about $8.5 trillion. The development of the economy has been spurred by the growth of a complex network of communications, not only by roads, but also the telecommunications boom. This infrastructure, its roads and modern communication links have helped towards the not only agricultural and manufacturing growth but has also contributed to holding a large amount of world tourism revenues. The USA is more becoming a service-based economy, with a staggering 74% of Americans working in the service industries. It is clear from the above information the economic might of the USA. This helps the USA to provide more for its people, though while doing research for this essay I learned that even the USA does not have a free health service in place. The country’s occupants have to take out health insurance to have a chance of higher life expectancy. There are hospitals scattered around the country for poor people to receive treatment when needed. I expect the health care in Brazil is not free either and that there is less care available anyway.
Topic: immigration

The USA has got a bigger population mainly because of its history of immigration to the country. Another important factor is that their economy is far more stable, which means that their government can invest more into the service sector to help the population have a better quality of life. The more stable the country is in general (stable financially, politically, etc), and the better the public services are (especially the health service), the more likely the population are to thrive and to live to an older age. This is all seems relatively true for the USA.
Topic: immigration

Burgess based this model on ecologist’s ideas such as the process of invasion and succession, by which the city grows competition. He assumed that a city grows because of migration. Migrants invade the city are forced to live in the worst housing and do the worst jobs (which is in the zone of transition)as this is all that they can afford. However when they make enough money they move outwards seeking better homes in quieter areas and better jobs. Over a number of years the city would expand as people would filter out into the next zone. In this way higher residential areas will be occupied by different ethnic groups, and the cheaper housing in the inner city would be taken up by a second immigration group, possibly of a different ethnic origin.
Topic: immigration

The disadvantages of the Burgess model are that its clear cut boundaries make the model hard to say all cities follow this trend, because in practice zones gradually merge together. Also this model is based in Chicago in the early 1920’s and not all cities have experienced the history of rapid migration. Thirdly, within each zone there are often wide variations. For example, in the residential zones house types may vary from blocks of multi story council flats to large private detached houses. Finally, the model only considers ground-floor use and ignores the height of buildings and uses on other floors.
Topic: immigration

Mann’s looked at prevailing winds. He assumed that as the prevailing winds in the UK are from the southwest, and that the high class housing would be located in the south west of the city, whereas industries would be located in the northeast. This is because ‘modern’ housing was usually found away from the smog and factories because rich people did not want to be inhaling those toxic fumes, whereas poor people had no choice but to live in the poor quality housing near the factories, in the inner city.
Topic: immigration

The population of people went up about more than half in 50 years of its physical change. When Boston was a merchant city in 1850, it was crowded and packed, and because an industrial metropolis in 1900, it was a spread out to more than short distance, containing a lot of cities and towns. The South had lagged the rest of the country since before the Civil War. As a result, many advocates for outside investment in this region expanded their activities after the war.
Topic: immigration

They were somewhat successful. While the rate of industrialization (and therefore, urbanization) picked up in the South during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it still has not fully caught up with the rest of the country. Birmingham, Alabama, for example, founded in 1871, flourished as a center for iron and steel manufacturing during the 1880s, when two railroads first linked that city to the region’s mineral resources. (Rees, n.d.)
Topic: immigration

It was the same with the compilation that was created in 1826 because it moved slowly and didn’t hold many people. The sizzle railroad was another form of transit that was introduced in the early 1800s and it was a better form of transportation because it moved quickly and could hold many more passengers, but it was also expensive and didn’t always take the people to where they wanted to go because it’s not going to stop very often, and only went one route of course.
Topic: immigration

Australia’s immigration policy is disastrous, proceeding as if there is no balance of payment problem, no foreign debt and no geographical or environmental constraints to population growth. Continued immigration will finally and irreversibly alter the natural and urban environment, economic viability and attitudes and culture of our nation. The people have been consulted on, or given their consent to, the interwoven policies of immigration and multiculturalism. It is now time for Australians to demand their democratic rights, reclaim their sovereignty and demand a say in the future of their nation.
Topic: immigration

Australians Against Further Immigration want immigration drastically reduced to zero net. That is, out immigration numbers should merely replace those permanently leaving Australia each year – historically running between 20,000 and 30,000. At this policy of institutionalised, publicly funded multiculturalism should be scrapped. We are a non-racist organisation and attempts to convert the debate to one of race and emotion is a deliberate ploy to silence critics and avoid the real issues.
Topic: immigration

Australia, the world’s oldest and driest continent, with severe soil degradation and climatic uncertainty – a land of, “droughts and flooding rains”‘ already faces declining agricultural productivity. Only 10% of our huge land mass is arable and this land produces less grain than two small states in the USA. The reality is that we always will be a small food producer by international standards. Australia has a responsibility to protect its bio-diversity and not allow its flora and fauna to be pushed form their habits to extinction because of population or economic pressures. In comparison, the pro-immigration lobby feel that we have no moral right to this land unless we push development to the limit. Our population must be stabilised as elsewhere in the world. The use of water for irrigation, urban demand and sewage disposal, is already straining supply to the limits. Our main cities have grown beyond their optimum size. Pollution, traffic, urban sprawl, failing community service, crime and lower quality of life are occurring. Crowed, sprawling, smog covered cities, with all of the dysfunctional problems of Los Angles, are the inevitable consequences of further mass immigration. Yet the government plans to double the size of our major cities over the next 30 years by immigration. Is this what Australians, new and old, or of and ethnic group wants? The Premier of NSW, Bob Carr was right when he said, “the nation can’t handle more people….Sydney is bursting at the seams….the debate ought to be about carrying capacity of the continent – a continent that has lousy soils, fragile vegetation and depleted and degraded river systems”.
Topic: immigration

To cope with our massive immigration problem which has produced the fastest population growth in the OECD, we are spending $15 billion per annum. Each year Australia must build the equivalent of a city the size of Geelong, with all its infrastructure and social services just to cope with one years immigration intake. Every migrant in Australia, must be provided with accommodation, food, transport, a job, schools, pensions, hospitals, water, electricity, roads, sewerage, universities and all the basic necessities of life. This has been a major factor in bankrupting Australia and has given us a foreign debt currently standing at $170 billion with a current account deficit of about $2 billion per month, half of which is due to immigration. It is no surprise that we have the highest per capita foreign debit in the world. Paul Keating was right, when he said in his maiden speech to parliament in 1970, “It is time we considered the enormous cost of bringing migrants to this country”. Even the pro-immigration, Bureau of Immigration and Population Research, could not find any economic benefits from our immigration program – and their conclusion came from a study which was biased by omitting the enormous infrastructure costs mentioned above. Too few people recognise or question the corrosive influence internationalisation of our economy has had on our society and the part that immigration is playing in that process – the breakdown of unionism and consequent deterioration of awards/working conditions, the predatory nature of foreign investment/ownership, the destruction of manufacturing/dropping of tariffs and consequent unemployment/increased imports with associated increased foreign debt, the privatisation of publicly own schemes and dual citizenship. All of these contribute to our diminishing capacity to shape our national destiny as we are re-colonised by deregulated global capacity. Bipartisanship ensures these policies will further foreign take over towards a point of no return. If we can not stop immigration we will never stop the rest.
Topic: immigration

A country in debt must decrease all spending. This means less jobs and higher unemployment. We now have 1 million unemployed and to add 100,000 migrants each year is insanity. These people can only take jobs from the existing pool or join the dole queue. 40% of all migrants over the last 5 years have joined the long term unemployment queues! A similar percentage of our own youth are also unable to get a job. To create a new job in Australia requires a capital outlay of $150,000 per job. With a foreign debt of $170 billion we are in no position to create these new jobs. We have spent our scarce funds on immigration induced growth, rather than on plant, equipment, training and jobs in export and import replacing industries. It is morally indefensible to import skilled labour into Australia whilst not training our own youth and our skilled labour remains unemployed. Yet both Liberal and Labour regard importing skilled migrants as the way to increase the labour market!
Topic: immigration

In a world with 95 million extra people per annum and with 35 million refugees, our immigration program can only help 1/10th of 1% of these people and then only at the expensive of our quality of life and environment. Foreign aid, not immigration is the logical way for humanitarian relief. Only genuine refugees in fear for their lives, should be granted temporary entry into Australia and then returned to their country of origin when the danger is passed. Economic illegal migrants, whether arriving in leaky boats or through our airports and falsely claiming refugee status, should be immediately deported.
Topic: immigration

Our hospital waiting lists are evidence of the fact we are already not coping. Many new diseases are mow being introduced into Australia. TB and Hepatitis B from Asia will become a greater and greater problem. We are already seeing 1,000 deaths per annum from Hepatitis B and rates of TB contact in inner Sydney schools of 25%. The government admits it does not have the resources to immunise those as risk of Hepatitis B or to provide the necessary TB screening procedures.
Topic: immigration

We understand the desire for migrants to maintain there culture in Australia for Australians have exactly the same desire to maintain our culture, history and traditions, and we see no reason why migrant cultures should be maintained when it is at the expensive of ours. The Australian culture is unique and we shall fight to defend it. Our culture emphasises a balanced life, free of excessive striving and materialism and has created an attractive society. As in the USA, Canada and New Zealand, Australia has incorporated the best features of British culture – the balance of law, freedom and order, separation of public services and politics, conflict solving by debate and not by force, violence and insurrection, tolerance of minorities, economic opportunity, fortitude in war without militarism and provision of social services. We have our distinctive art, music, theatre, literature, sport and film with achievements in science, medicine, social welfare and a unique quality of life. Our culture developed from our history, our common memories, stories and traditions. Australia led the way with the secret ballot, the 8 hour day votes for women, invalid, widow and old age pensions, strong trade unions the arbitration system and the basic wage. Our culture embodies the values of egalitarianism and mateship. It rejects excessive authority and believes in a fair go, admiration for the battler and a belief in the individual. Currently we are seeing our culture replaced by a new culture for Australia, called multiculturalism – a philosophy that has failed wherever in the world it has been tried such as in Yugoslavia, Sri Lanka, Fiji, Bosnia, Chechnya, Rwanda, Tibet, Isreal, Briton, Timor ect. Multiculturalism always produces conflict between group rights and individual rights. The small ‘l’ liberal establishment, who so strongly support multicultururalism, seem blind to the fact that their philosophy of individual rights will disappear under the pressure of group, ethnic and racial rights in a multicultural society. Now we are being told that Australia is a part of Asia and that we must adopt Asian cultural values. Values that are often totally alien to our civilisation values and background.
Topic: immigration

Country Australia is paying a high price for immigration. At the same time as the government cries, “poor”, and removes country services such as hospitals, post offices, schools, police and railways ect., they bring into Australia 120,000 migrants per year and provides them with all the services in the cities. You lose your post office and railways and migrants get jobs in post offices and on railways! Immigration costs Australia $15 billion annually. Just imagine the services which could be provided if this $15 billion were spent in rural areas. Electorally, one year’s migrant intake is now more important to our politicians than rural Australia which has provided most of Australia’s export income for 200 years. Most countries look after their export earners, but our government ignores, denigrates and exploits ours!
Topic: immigration

The government’s justification for continuing mass immigration into Australia can be summarised in one word – Asianisation. Our politicians plan an Asian future for Australia. As Immigration Minister, Senator Bolkus, said on the 6/12/94, “we cannot cut and should not cut immigration because of our integration with Asia”. Do we need to change the ethnic/racial make up of Australia for trade? Trade comes and goes, but the soul of our nation should not be traded for money, international approval or to fulfil a bizarre social experiment. 70% of our program is from Asian countries and ANU demographer, Charles Price, concluded that Australia will be 27% Asian within 25 years and of course it does not stop there. In a democracy, how dare our government force such changes on the Australian people without their consent, but also against their often polled opinion.
Topic: immigration

IN SUMMARY:- We have a clear choice of accepting increasing immigration with the consequent exploitation of this land and a falling standard of living and quality of life, living in crowded, polluted, high density cities, with over-taxed recreational areas and intercommunal tensions and feeling like strangers in our own country. The economic consequences of an increasing foreign debt, foreign ownership and undesirable, unsustainable economic expansion, will destroy any chance of maintaining the best features of Australian life as we know it. And, as migrant numbers increase, there will be an escalating push for higher migrant intake which eventually will be unstoppable. OR Stoping mass immigration and attempting to live in harmony with our fragile environment, creating an economically and environmental sound, self reliant and self sustaining community, maintaining our quality of life and handing to the next generation a country to be cherished, and free from problems of over population
Topic: immigration

It is often ‘advertised’ that the United States is free land and open to everyone but then a large amount of immigrants begin to come towards the U.S. and there’s a restriction on immigration all of a sudden. The immigration act is the opposite of what the United States really is and practically lies and basically shows a corrupt system with the restrictions on immigration out of nowhere. The Immigration Act of 1924 is against almost everything that the United States was built up to be and the restrictions were everything that the United States wasn’t in the long run.
Topic: immigration

Immigration Customs Enforcement Agency is known to be the chief investigative arm of the DHS. It is responsible for the promotion of public security and homeland security through the enforcement of United States civil and federal criminal laws regarding border customs, control, trading, and immigration. The agency was started following an attack on the U.S. in 2001. The U.S. government decided to restructure investigation handling and management of immigration and any other relevant activity. This was intended to protect the U.
Topic: immigration

The ICE can undertake its operations using the divisions within the agency, including enforcement and removal (ERO). This division is responsible for primary enforcement matters relating to non-citizens in the country; these matters include apprehending criminals, gang members, those in the country unlawfully, and those who violate the law (Department of Homeland Security, 2020). Homeland security investigations (HSI), this division contains officers in different U.S. cities and also worldwide.
Topic: immigration

Indeed, migration has been one of the intrinsic components of the concentration of the labour force in cities which is a fundamental pillar of development. International migration is an ever-growing phenomenon that has important development implications for both host and origin countries. A multicultural city like Birmingham has been promoting the positive aspects of migration that it can be managed to the best interests of destination cities as well as of the migrants themselves. So, it is worth highlighting the impact of immigration by dividing into three sections relating on to the economy, society and culture, and the political sector.
Topic: immigration

Impact on the economy Immigration and economic change are inter-related: differences in the stock of immigrants across the region may be correlated with persistent differences in economic prosperity and changes to the economic success of a particular region may lead to increased (or decreased) immigration and emigration of existing residents (Dustmann, 2003). As the economic performance of cities may be measured differently, evaluating the short and long-term impacts by the immigrants on the economy is difficult (Spencer, 2002).
Topic: immigration

For instance, a project for providing free vocational and language classes to the migrants may initially have an unfavourable economic impact, but in the long run, it would significantly improve migrants’ employment benefits and can, therefore, be regarded as an investment. One thing to consider is that migrants cannot be generalised as a homogeneous group; rather they should be classified as heterogeneous with different types of migrants having different impacts vary by sector. In the employment sector, a large body of literature highlighted that migrants’ employment experiences were polarised depending on the type of migrant, their country of origin, sex, level of education.
Topic: immigration

Therefore, any generalised findings might not accurately reflect the true picture of the impact of migrants on employment. After the second world war, a large proportion of foreign citizens were coming to work in the UK melting pot city like Birmingham. (Haque, 2002) found that those foreign-born UK residents represented about 10 per cent of the Birmingham working-age population in 2001. Based on the Migration statistics quarterly report, this number has fallen mainly because of a fall in the number of EU citizens coming to the UK looking for work since the year ending 2016 (Blake, 2019).
Topic: immigration

Moreover, there has been always an argument over the impact of immigration on unemployment and wages of the native population. (Glover, 2001) found that migrants tend to work in places with unfilled job vacancies (particularly in big cities like London and Birmingham) but were concentrated in areas of high employment and deprivation. (Oslington, 2001) argued that immigrants reduced employment chances of natives if the filled vacancies that natives were unwilling or unable to fill. ‘It was mainly big business employers, who benefited from labour migration, particularly employers of low-skilled workers, and those who lost out were the low or unskilled-workers competing with immigrants’ (Brown, 2002).
Topic: immigration

While importing skilled workers could depress the wages of the native workers, the increased availability of their services would benefit the rest of the population. In the case of highly qualified migrants, it is apparent that they find it easier than the low skilled migrants to find employment but (Haque, 2002) argued that the job opportunities are better for those who speak English regardless of the skill or qualification level. (Dobson, 2001) found that from 1994, the annual net gain of professional and managerial foreign migrant workers in Birmingham was consistently above 25000 and from the year 2000, there are higher proportions of foreign-born workers in the more skilled occupational groups.
Topic: immigration

Many of those highly qualified migrant workers are numerous in specific economic sectors like health and medical services, information technology and education field. It is found that more than a quarter of work permits issued in Birmingham related to health and medical services, a sector in which there had been great skill shortages (Dobson, 2001). Nearly one in three doctors and 13 per cent of nurses practising in Birmingham are foreign-born. It is clear that immigration widened Birmingham skill pool and could boost research, innovation, competitiveness and growth of the city, generally, migrants have impacted positively on specific economic sectors. When looking at the migrants’ impact on economic, it might be crucial to consider the financial contribution and consumption by migrants.
Topic: immigration

Although there is very little research specifically on the impact of migrants’ fiscal contribution in Birmingham, its impact on the national level is found to be small and differ by migrant group, for example, EEA migrants and non-EEA migrants, recent migrants and all migrants, etc. However, the fiscal impact of migrants has been estimated more or less than 1 per cent of the UK’s GDP. The net fiscal contribution of EEA migrants in the fiscal year 2017/2018 was estimated at 4.7 billion pounds, compared to a net cost of 9 billion pounds for non-EEA migrants (Oxford_Economics, 2018). The negative net fiscal contribution of non-EEA migrants was primarily due to higher spending of children since non-EEA migrants are currently more likely to have dependent children than the UK born and receive more in family benefits and tax credits.
Topic: immigration

The consumption behaviour of migrants (foreign-born) had contributed to creating and reinforcing places with high concentrations of ethnic minority individuals. ‘People who chose to migrate to a certain area might share a background or aspects of their personality that had led them to choose that particular area’ (Molotch, 2002). These commonalities might have certain impacts on the local market through the choices they made as consumers. (Jones, 2004) found that the rapid growth of Indian restaurants in Birmingham had led to intense competition for an inadequate customer base, causing a large number of restaurants in the city to operate below feasible profit margins. Furthermore, the consumer behaviour of migrants is affected by the purchasing power of the host country currency in the migrant’s home economy (Dustmann, 2003).
Topic: immigration

Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another due to reasons such as poverty, war, or natural disasters. On the other hand, refugee is a term used to describe a person who has fled war, violence, persecution, or a natural disaster in their primary country of residence to find safety and peace in another. Thus, a refugee is a person who is either incapable or unwilling to return to their own country due to genuine fear of persecution or death.
Topic: immigration

Almost every country and region is affected by migration and refugees, whether as a producer, a receiver, or a transit for refugees. Once in the destination country, refugees contribute to immense negative social and economic impacts. For instance, governments of the hosting countries are many times forced to allocate extra-budgetary provisions in order to ameliorate the strains caused by refugees on their economies. They develop emergency assistance programs, essential social and infrastructural structures to cater for the needs of refugees. In addition, terrorists have disguised themselves as refugees, infiltrated into countries and perpetrated acts of terror in the host countries.
Topic: immigration

There are many causes of refugees and migration. The most common ones include war, persecution and violation of human rights, natural disasters and poverty. The former three causes result in forced migration as opposed to poverty which causes voluntary migration. Hurricanes, floods, drought, earthquakes, and tsunamis are all examples of natural disasters that cause forced migration. In Haiti, Hurricane Matthew led to the migration of more than 60, 000 Haitians into the United States. The conflicts that are going on in countries such as Syria and Yemen have been some of the greatest causes of the global refugees and immigration crisis that is facing the world today. Scores of refugees have lost their lives at sea as they flee violence and seek safe havens in foreign countries. In addition, earthquakes such as the ones that often happen in Indonesia as well as epidemics such as Ebola outbreaks in Africa also make people flee their countries. However, out of the three causes of forced migration, the most prevalent in our world today is violence that is precipitated by war.
Topic: immigration

The solution to the mass movement of people in the world today is tied to the resolution of political conflicts in their countries. For instance, Yemen’s civil war is driven by sectarian rivalry between the Sunnis and Houtis. To prevent the outflow of people, the warring parties need to come to a compromise that is agreeable for both sides. In Syria, the defeat of ISIS, a terrorist organization, has had a significant impact on the outflow of refugees in the last year. However, a lasting solution lies with the establishment of a democratic state which respects human rights. Migration instigated by natural disasters can be alleviated by tackling climate change since it is the leading cause of extreme weather patterns. The main advantage of refugees is that some of them have skills that could be of benefit to the host country. However, refugees cause a humanitarian crisis and strain a country’s resources. In addition, refugee camps are characterized by high rates of crime and disease outbreaks which may spread to other parts of the host country.