ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: civil-war

On one hand, some consider that removing the Confederate monuments would be a bad idea. Even long after the Civil War, some maintain the ideology that the white population has more rights than blacks, either because they have ancestors who fought in the civil war or because after having studied or not studied, they have decided to continue supporting this cause. They claim that removing these monuments would remove or try to forget part of the history of the country. It should be noted a phrase used by President George W. Bush: ‘We remember, we remember what was experienced in the terrorist attacks in September 2001. While it is true to remove the monuments would not erase the event, it would erase the physical part of that disastrous event for the nation. Another reason they claim it is important to preserve those monuments is education. Education is an important part when we talk about conserving history. It means not only knowing one side of what happened but both sides.
Topic: civil-war

In contrast, those who are in favor of removing the monuments claim that they represent the pain of those who lost their lives during the civil war and that it is a lack of respect towards the black community. They are not even discussing on destroy or covering the statues with graffiti, but relocating them in a museum or a place where those who want to learn about the Confederacy ideology can appreciate them. Even Robert Lee himself, one of the Confederacy leaders, was against building statues when he wrote: “I think it wisest not to keep open the sores of war, but to follow the example of those nations who endeavored to obliterate the marks of civil strife and to commit to oblivion the feelings it engendered.” Ironically people that are asking the same thing are being killed.
Topic: civil-war

Most of the time, not every side will be please because of their different ideologies. In a way to try to solve the problem, I would neither destroy nor let the monuments in public ways. The reason why is because having or not having them in public places there will still be racism in the country. Listening to NPR radio I consider that by educating future generations we could end this problem, instead of abolishing these statutes. Having said that, as professor Alderman said we should focus on what history meant back when those monuments were built, why they were built, and what history means today. Finally, I do not consider that the monuments are the cause of the racist acts that have been occurring in the country, but the misinformation, intolerance, and lack of knowledge about them. We must consider what the pledge of allegiance says and what our Founder Fathers wanted this country to be ‘one nation…. With liberty and justice for all.
Topic: civil-war

Both women from the Union and The Confederate Army played a huge role in the Civil War. From things as important as tending to wounded soldiers on the front lines to simple things such as providing a sense of hope for soldiers serving in the war, women were a key part of the war effort. Women who were limited in terms of importance gained a significant amount more authority and leadership as a result of the war. Mothers and Wives of deployed soldiers became the heads of the household, carrying out roles, such as tending crops and animals, traditionally done by a man.
Topic: civil-war

Her experience was chaotic, describing how there was amputee after amputee and “puddles” of blood. Many women such as Janie had to adapt to their circumstances, and most even learned the ways of nursing. Although nursing was a principal role in the Civil War, many women contributed in many other ways, including fundraising. Northern Women in particular stayed home and put together thousands of soldier aid societies, helping roll bandages and raising $3 million to assist wounded soldiers.
Topic: civil-war

The election of 1876 is said to be one of the most controversial elections of all time, between Rutherford Hayes of the republican party, and Samuel Tilden, a DemocratwhoTo, there were ultimately numerous issues that arose due to this election. As this election drew near, it was becoming clear that Northern states had no more interest in reconstruction plans, and no longer wanted to achieve goals set by the reconstruction. Running dominantly in Southern states, Tilden won in the popular vote, and in terms of the electoral vote, he was ahead as well. He needed just an additional electoral vote to achieve victory over rival Hayes. Despite this lead, three states with nineteen were still being contested, those states being Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. The votes by these states were very significant, as they would ultimately decidwhoom would become the next President. Both Rutherford and Samuel were asserting victory in these states, even though deception was done by both parties. To settle this dispute, Congress put together an electoral commission, which ultimately gave triumph to Rutherford Hayes. By doing this, however, congress feared it would start another civil war, as many people from the South swore, “Tiden or Fight!” To solve this, and come to an agreement, the infamous Compromise of 1877 came about. This informal agreement, done in a hotel in Washington, made it that Hayes was the gifted president, as long as he provided aid to the South, and removed the last remaining Northern troops from the South. This essentially gave the South full political control in these states, thus essentially giving up on reconstruction. The Compromise of 1877 symbolized the end of reconstruction as republicans abandoned it to ensure Rutherford Hayes’ victory in the election of 1876. Southerners had much delight about this ordeal, because although the next president was republican, they seemingly had no issues as he vowed to discontinue reconstruction efforts. On the other hand, African Americans mourned over their lost hope for equality, as the Republican party had silently given up on the fight for equal rights for African Americans in the South. Although the South had promised to uphold the rights of Blacks, they did not pull through as African Americans faced segregation, and lived lives of poverty. In conclusion, the Election of 1876 was extremely problematic, and in the end, even though the Republican nominee had won, Democrats had achieved political dominationperiodin the South. The newfound rights of African Americans and the goals of reconstruction collapsed under Democratic control that occurreToccurredandeffectivelyin the South, due to The Compromise of 1877.
Topic: civil-war

Due to the civil war, chaos and uncertainty lingered around all members of the United States, as no one knew what was to come. Questions arose such as, “How will the nation get to?” and, “How will Southern leaders and states be treated?” Overall, four main questions caused distress to the south; whicphotoperiod essentially was who was to rule in the newly defeated South, and what would be the rights of freedmen. People also wondered if the Reconstruction would simply be a preservation of the republic, or a renovated version of it. To seek a totoperiod period effectively to committedsolved these issues, the first of many reconstruction plans came to be, this being Lincoln’s 10 Percent Plan. Lincoln’s plan, he called for lenient terms to be given to Southerners who surrendered, and ultimately wanted a smooth and quick Reconstruction. He gave pardon to any ex-Confederates who seseekteked it, exempting very high-rank officials. Only a mere 10 percent of voters in any given Southern state had to have taken a vow to the United States and bring forth a new government. After accomplishing these minimal tasks, the states would be readmitted into the union. Lincoln faced backlash, as congress believe his plan to be too lenient to Southerners. Many even called it a “mockery” of democracy. With Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens leading the way, radical republicans put together a new reconstruction plan with harsher conditions. They argued the States had given up their place in the United States due to the war and had to be treated as “conquered foreign lands.” In the Summer months of 1864, the Wade-Davis bill was passed with three main conditions for the readmission of Southern States. The first rule was, that most white males were required to participate in creating a new government.
Topic: civil-war

The second was in order to gain the ability to vote, men had to take an oath, declaring they had never helped confederate nations in the war. The final condition was any officer that was above the Lieutenant rank, and any Confederate States officials would not be seen as United States Citizens. Under the Wade-Davis Bill, the readmission of the South back into the United States was harsh and slow. When comparing the two, it’s difficult to define which was ultimately better keeping in mind the whole country, both North and South. In terms of fairness, many can argue Lincoln used disgraceful leniency in his plan, and was much too easy on the Southerners, as many others may argue in comparison the Wade-Davis Plan was much more strict on the South. In my opinion, I would say the Wade-Davis Plan was better in terms of effectiveness and fairness. After all, the south had committed  treason against the United State and had to earn their trust and rights back from the Northern States. What appeared during this time was a crisis, as no one was certain quite how to go about the reconstruction, and which plan would serve photoperiodwhichmore effective. Lincoln viewed Reconstruction as a way to denounce the power once held by the Confederate States and gain victory in the war, while Republicans viewed it as a reinvention of the racial and political order in the United States.
Topic: civil-war

The film Glory which was released in 1989 and directed by Edward Zwick shows what life was like during the American Civil War following the Battle of Antietam. During this period, people believed black people would not make good soldiers and would not respond to discipline. In the movie, Matthew Broderick was Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, Denzel Washington as Private Trip, Morgan Freeman was Sergeant Major John Rawlins, Cary Elwes was Major Cabot Forbes, Jimi Kennedy was Private Jupiter Sharts Andrew Braugher, was Corporal Thomas Searles, John Finn was Sergeant Major Mulcahy, Bob Gunton was General Charles Garrison Harker, Cliff De Young was Colonel James M.
Topic: civil-war

It not only depicts the alarming amount of casualties and deaths during the war but it also demonstrated how black soldiers were treated during this period and throughout the war. An example of this was when one of the soldiers was getting whipped by his commanding officer and he didn’t make a sound, he just sat there and let it happen because he knew there was only so much he could do to try and change the opinions his fellow white soldiers had about black people. It was also accurate because it depicted the appropriate war technology available during that period.
Topic: civil-war

The nature of each significant battle was accurate to what is taught in schools and aligns with other reliable sources. In general, the author didn’t leave out many important details however a voice that was not a major part of the film was the voice of a woman. Although this was a predominantly male war, women around the country must have had an opinion on the war and how it affected them. In the film, the voice of black soldiers is mostly present and the voice of white officers is present but very rarely in comparison, does a woman’s viewpoint come to light. The fact that this film was produced by a man automatically gives a biased viewpoint because of the way society has conditioned us to be. However, Zwick did the best he could to make this movie the least biased as possible. Glory
Topic: civil-war

The piece did hold my interest because of the emotion that was captured in the film. It grabs your attention because you start to sympathize with the people that were a part of the Civil War and the people that were alive during this period. This piece didn’t exactly disturb me, it did, however, make me uncomfortable to see black people being treated in such a harsh manner because I believe no living thing should be treated with such violence. Glory made me appreciate how far we have come in society and made me appreciate how we as students are being educated on different groups of people even though slavery and discrimination towards people of color isn’t something America is proud of. It didn’t challenge my viewpoint of this period because not being a person who has grown up in the United States has allowed me to learn about US History in a way that is less biased towards America and in a more well-rounded way. This piece makes me question why the people of America thought slavery was humane and why they went to war over issues that seemed like they could have been solved in a much more civil manner if people on both sides were more understanding and tried to compromise instead of a war in which hundreds of thousands of people died. Glory reminded me of the movie The Help because of the honesty and emotions in the movie. In both films, you sympathize with the characters involved and it feels as though you are there with them. I would recommend this piece to others because of its accuracy and the way it makes you feel while you watch it. In conclusion, Glory is a well-rounded film that is historically accurate, grabs your attention, and allows you to sympathize with people living during this period.
Topic: civil-war

Culture is viewed as a way of life for most around the world. Culture is what gives meaning to any country or group of people. Every countriescountry’sarea culture is changing ever so slowly over the years to adapt to the new times however, most countries and cultures keep the same staple values which isareMerriam-Webster based on their morals. Culture is defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary as “the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group.
Topic: civil-war

Most of Lebanon’s population lives in these 3 cities Beirut, Tripoli, and Sidon. These cities are densely populated and most of the public lives in apartments. The styles are mixed with Italian, European, and Arabic. The infrastructure hasn’t had much updating in the last decade or so. Lebanon is still trying to focus on repairing some of the damage done in the late 80s. A lot of their interior decorating has a very western feel and influence. Lebanon is about 60% Muslim and 40% Christian. Lebanon is one of the more diverse countries in the middle east when it comes to religion. Having a near split between Muslim and Christian beliefs has been the main issue throughout the country and in their recent history. Arabic is the official language of Lebanon however, most of the population are either fluent in English or French as well. There is a law in place that states when French will be able to be spoken when talking about government business amongst politicians.
Topic: civil-war

Lebanon has had a mixed government for years. In the united states, civil war the w to have a law in place that will always separate religion from the government which sadly just is not the case in most other countries. Lebanese law is based on the French Napoleonic law. A result of this law is that people rarely take the law into their own hands in Lebanon. The crime rate is very low and will continue to have a low crime rate as long as these statutes remain in effect. Their military endured a big divide during the civil war due to religious differences. They are currently rebuilding their military and attempting to modernize it along with their technology. Their culture is evolving with modernization like the rest of the world. They are leaning heavier on technology than ever before.
Topic: civil-war

The biggest conflict in Lebanon has unfortunately been their civil war. The catastrophic number of casualties and to include the economic setback that they have endured. The strength of their government is hard to find as they are still split down the middle when it comes to their religious preferences. They are still stabilizing as a country and are attempting to recover the hearts and minds of their people. It is not easy having a mash of multiple religions in one set form of government as the united states are just now experiencing what this is like. Stability has been hard to come by for Lebanon however they are making advances in their economy and political scene.
Topic: civil-war

Lebanon has been through devastation however, they are making major improvements in every someone’s that they need to. Their economic system still needs a drastic amount of work. The war pretty much destroyed the middle class and the line between the poor and rich has widened drastically. The economy is beginning to build and the government is working on rebuilding the middle class. In closing, Lebanon has had a rough history as most countries do however, their history is more recent than most countries. Their civil war just ended 28 years ago. The culture is changing in Lebanon and I am looking forward to seeing what else they have in store.
Topic: civil-war

The role of women during the American Civil War was significant but it wasn’t until 100 years later, they received their recognition. In modern history, we often ignore the significant roles women had during the Civil War. Women impacted the War both on the battlefield and at home. The war might have been destructive to our country, but it helped strengthen the pride of women, in their perspective and others. Eagerly volunteering to fight and support, these new experiences outside their homes changed the lives of all women forever.
Topic: civil-war

Women replaced many jobs of men. Women helped to fight the war in another way. Consequently, women quickly learned how to provide and serve for themselves. They realized how powerful they are, and started to recognize themselves as part of the society. Besides, they began to rally for political inclusion and suffrage, permanently altering the pre-conceived notions about gender roles. Many women supported the war effort as nurses and aides, while others took a more upfront approach and secretly enlisted in the army or served as spies and smugglers.
Topic: civil-war

As men were recruited to fight in the battle, several women had also decided to join the fight, but they had to be skillful and wise. Overall, there was an estimated total of 400 documented cases of women that dressed up as the opposite gender and fought on the battlefield. By changing their appearance which took lots of work, women would transform into men after cutting their hair short and trading in dresses for guns. This had occurred with a woman named Frances L. Clalin, a woman who disguised herself as a man who fought for the war known as “Jack Williams.” Every woman, including Clalin, had to do whatever they could to conceal their identities as women, which was impossible at sometimes, especially when they could not show their “masculine” side. Their secret would be blown when they were either wounded or killed, being discovered when the nurses had tended to them. For the women that went into the fight, many back homes had thought they were crazy, thinking it was foolish and unusual for normal housewives to go out into a world where only the fittest live. However, the women didn’t care anything about what they thought. Those “maniacs” had their own beliefs they wanted to express, and the only way to do so was to go outside of their homes, onto the lands of fighting.
Topic: civil-war

As the brave enlisted, many others stayed home, knowing they could not fight alongside the fears of death, blood, and gore. Although, they didn’t just sit and mourn as many would think. Instead, they knew they had to help their boys on the front lines somehow, and that was when organizations were established. Many of these organizations such as the Sanitary Commission, helped aid the soldiers and supply them with necessities like food, water, clothing, and cash. Fruits and vegetables that were planted in gardens would be picked and sent to the front lines, along with baked goods and canned foods. Women would work at homes by sewing and knitting uniforms, socks, gloves, and blankets that are shipped off to the men, providing them with satisfying clothing. To collect money for things like medical supplies and such, they would hold fundraising campaigns or even go door-to-door, gathering donations that could be used to help. It wasn’t fighting physically, but in a supporting manner, where contributions were the key instead of fighting to the death.
Topic: civil-war

While the women worked in organizations, some wanted to have more active roles. They didn’t want to be back at home or directly on the battlefield, but instead, they stayed on the sidelines as nurses, tending to the wounded and fallen. The role of nursing soon became the symbol for women in the Civil War, but it was also highly discouraged by military administrators and surgeons, saying it was grisly and challenging work. Back then, being a nurse didn’t mean you just put ointment and a band-aid on a scratch. Nurses would treat the most extreme wounds as they did the chores of a housewife, cooking, cleaning, and even writing and reading letters to those who could not. It wasn’t a comfortable nor straightforward task, but they were able to prove their skills by withstanding the horrors of the results of battle as they did their best to keep the men out of pain. Their endurance of the gruesome scenes and chaotic environment of hospitals had created the unexpected which was to have women achieve, even with these conditions.
Topic: civil-war

Amongst these nurses, there was one woman that had received the most honor, and that was Clara Barton. It was when she was a nurse on the sidelines, she achieved distinction among all woman. Her patience had run out, and she had gone out into the battlefield to tend to soldiers right where they had fallen. She had refused to wait for soldiers to be brought back to safer grounds, where they could die or become more wounded during the process. Barton’s spirit to fight had grown immensely until she could not wait any longer and endure the pain the soldiers were feeling.
Topic: civil-war

Her selfless nature had shown how she cared about the soldiers, even if they were strangers to her, she had done what she could to keep everything under her wing. It was during the Battles of Antietam and Fort Wagner, she became the “Angel of the Battlefield,” after dodging bullets as she tended to the fallen. Many others were influenced by her actions, following her in a suit to the battlefields. As the Civil War ended, Barton had gone in search of rest which leads her to Europe where she was inspired and influenced by the global Red Cross. When she had returned, she had become the founder of the American Red Cross in 1881, continuing to help the wounded as she did in the war. Before, she was labeled as one of those mentally unbalanced women, but she had become a hero to others, during and after the war.
Topic: civil-war

As the women of the war fought and nursed, there were the ones that went undercover as well. By taking on one of the riskiest roles, women served as spies for both sides, trying to glean useful information from the enemy. The people of both sides had thought women wouldn’t be accused of being so involved with the political crisis, much less be a spy for the enemy. In reality, women easily able to succeed in their tasks, hiding messages within their hoop skirts, corsets, and parasols. Very few women would take up this offer, knowing they had to be sneaky, but not suspicious.
Topic: civil-war

“…lying down the floor of the closet, applied my ear to the hole, and found, to my great joy, I could distinctly hear the conversation that was passing below…The council prolonged their discussion for some hours; but I remained motionless and silent until the proceedings were brought to a conclusion, at one o’clock in the morning. As soon as the coast was clear I crossed the courtyard, and made the best of my way to my own room, and took down in cypher everything, I had heard which seemed to me of any importance…”
Topic: civil-war

It was difficult, and that wasn’t a lie. Women knew that they were risking their lives and the lives of others during every minute, every second. Even one small mistake could get them caught, with the spies becoming the prey. And because of that one mistake, it could cost them their lives and the chances of survival for their supporting side. However, the success could bring in achievement for the women, proving they could risk their lives for what they wish.
Topic: civil-war

The women who risked their lives out on the battlefield and at home had the one same goal in mind. To prove they had the power to participate in a battle between men. They didn’t want to be the “stereotypical” women who cower in fear and mourn over their lost ones. These women wanted to help their side of the country and taste the feeling of adventure and excitement. Many others, such as Dr. Mary Walker had shown the world how they could be involved in the war, having many contributions that led to achievement as well.
Topic: civil-war

Even though she was just an ordinary nurse, Walker was committed to fighting until death, and eventually, was recognized as a superior. It was during times like these, that people knew that women changed and how their way of understanding changed. They finally saw the real courage that every woman held as they took their opportunities that were considered foolish by the same people in the beginning. All these soldiers, spies, and nurses, they were all connected because they were women who felt like they had been looked down upon and given a limited amount of rights. It was all because of the Civil War, that women were able to rise and show who they were, giving them a more powerful view of their strength as women.
Topic: civil-war

Orientalism is how we perceive the Asian states, but in particular its how we perceive the Middle East and the Arab world. The Middle East in recent times has been plagued with wars such as those in Afghanistan and Iraq. The region has also seen proxy wars(Syria) and genocides(Yemen) that continue to destabilize the region and affecting power shifts. With this taken into consideration, there are many Orientalist features that continue to affect current relationships within the region.
Topic: civil-war

Friedman criticizes Iran for expanding its “malign military and religious influence” into nearby countries. Friedman believes that this is an attempt to gain regional superiority over countries such as Israel and Saudi Arabia, who are backed by the West. This is significant because there are political and religious separations between a Sunni majority country in Saudi Arabia and a Shiite majority in Iran. The Sunni-Shiite relationship could be taken as an implied discourse for the Middle East not moving on from the past.
Topic: civil-war

In other words the successor of Muhammad, the first messenger of Allah, was a large religious debate that separated the two subgroups within the Islamic religion and as a result has created much conflict. Along with this, the feuds between the Jewish state and Iran-backed Palestinian groups do not help alleviate the trouble in the area. Though the reasons and relationships between the regional powers are much more complex, this ties back to Edward Said’s statement of “Europeans dividing the world into two parts, the east and the west.” Even though Europeans have had a short impact on Middle East in terms of time, they have shifted power and support to augment previous feuds of historic relevance in the region. One example of this could be how Europeans redrew political lines in the Middle East after WWI and did not put ethnic group chemistry into consideration, thus placing ethnic groups who had nothing in common in the same land. Much of the perception and relationships between Middle Eastern countries today can be attributed to previous moments in history. Friedman also believes that if regional countries stopped fighting over “who owns which olive tree”, then they may be able to round up human capital and create a booming economy. The Middle East has extensive amounts of valuable resources such as oil, but Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum, who is the Vice President of the U.A.E, believes that the region has a “management problem” as opposed to a resource problem when asking why the Middle East is not on the same tier as South Korea and Japan’s powerful economy. Friedman criticizes Middle Eastern countries for fighting over the past, destroying the present with war, and ultimately not focusing on how these actions can have huge implications in the future.
Topic: civil-war

Friedman also begins to introduce the United States and Russia as major components who affect the relationship between the Orient and Western/international nations. This is important because it engages with Orientalism by displaying multilateral relationships between regional powers and external powers and how this can change perspectives of the Orient. Just as Sonali Kolhatkar, a Henry A. Wallace National Security Forum host, said on the video “How many countries has the US invaded?”, The United States is notorious for siding with undemocratic regimes such as Saudi Arabia if it fits within the parameters of America’s interest. This is significant because the United States negates much of the “Oriental Despotic”(coined by the Ancient Greeks) values that Saudi Arabia possesses such as being undemocratic and oppressive. This perception exchanges the reality of the Orient to a malformed reality that benefits the United States and the new perspective of Saudi Arabia. In the book “Contending Visions of the Middle East”, Zachary Lockman describes “Oriental Despotism” as the “gap between ruler and ruled.” The ancient Greeks and Romans were noted as despising the Middle East for their tyrannical nature. The United States cooperates with Saudi Arabia for regional control even though the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(KSA) has characteristics of being oppressive as is the case towards women. Many American civilians do not hold the KSA as being free due to their ultra-conservative ways, but American politicians and officials disregard characteristics and place a priority on regional power in the Middle East through KSA influence. These different views juxtapose each other which affect relationships between the Orient and the West. Moreover, the Russians hold a strong interest in Syria. Many Russian officials and citizens hold great perspectives towards Syria due to the fact that the Russian have many economical, political, and military interest in Syria. The Russians, the Syrian government, and pro-Assad groups hold each other very highly thus affecting the relationship between the Orient and international nations, in this case, Russia. Though the United States does not fully agree with Saudi Arabia on some political stances or characteristics of the Middle East, the U.S. as the leader of the free world can distort the perspective of a powerful nation in the Middle East towards being friendly to international causes.
Topic: civil-war

The gender roles can tie greatly into Orientalism. With Orientalism being considered the traits of the Middle East, religion would be crucial in order to understand gender roles. Dr. Nahid Angha, an emissary of the International Association of Sufism to the U.N, identifies that nations in the Middle East have “been notorious for their unequal treatment of women.” Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), the prince of Saudi Arabia, has delegated municipal leadership jobs to women. This represents a more liberal reformation in the power given to women in a conservative country such as the KSA. MBS has also given women the opportunity to drive vehicles. Even though this is not as significant as the leadership jobs, it’s displaying a continual gradual change in the social standings of gender roles. The expansion of women’s rights can also portray a battle between tradition and modernity. In another New York Times article “Saudi Arabia Agrees To Let Women Drive”, some women rights antagonists have argued that driving would destroy women’s ovaries and that it would “lead to promiscuity and the collapse of the Saudi family”. This displays the battles of traditional patriarchal families to the modern and gender expansive family. Even more so, the deception such as claiming that driving will destroy your ovaries displays how threatening expansion of female rights is in the country. It also displays the magnitude that some religiously-conservative people would go to prevent women from driving and breaking the social norms of Saudi Arabia. Though mentioned very briefly, Friedman does an excellent job on reflecting on the expansion of gender roles of the article and how they affect Oriental sectors. The format is important due to the fact on how it presents the information. The information is displayed from regional powers, to the influences of international powers, to Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum and how he focuses on the economic factors of the Middle East and how they have been troubled by conflict and mismanagement.
Topic: civil-war

With everything tied back to the ideals of Orientalism, Friedman involves Orientalism by exposing the constituents of the Middle East and how they and their history has affected relationships between regional states. Friedman also drags in international nations to put a focus on how the perception of the Orient can change where interests and power are at stake. Lastly, Friedman applies gender to display some of the changes that have occured in which tradition is challenged by modernity while referencing Orientalism.
Topic: civil-war

I am Ulysses S. Grant, and I am going to tell you we won the Civil War. It was like a game we had to come up with a plan of how to destroy the Confederacy for wanting to allow slavery in their states, and that is what divided our nation. The leaders of the union, including me, and President Abe Lincoln thought we should weaken the South then invade while they are vulnerable. We would do this by winning control of the Mississippi River.
Topic: civil-war

At the beginning of the Civil War, the first battle was the Battle of The Bull Run. We were winning at first until the confederacy persevered with the encouragement of their general Stonewall Jackson. We were shocked we thought we had it in the bag, but this was only the beginning. We stood our ground at the next battle I marched my troops into Tennessee on April 6, 1862, in hope to have Tennessee to join the Union army. We collided with the Confederate troops at Pittsburg Landing. We came out on tops beating the south at the Battle known as the Battle of Shiloh.
Topic: civil-war

As the war protracted the blockage of the South appeared to be effective; supplies in the south was low. Even though we had that positive we become discouraged because of the long list of casualties lost in the war. We soon they ran into Lee’s army at Antietam Creek. Both sides lost several fighters. Luckily the Confederacy retreated but left the war to be so far the most people killed. We had lost 2,100 innocent Union soldiers. Both sides had resolved in 22,000 killed. Even though both sides suffered this had an important effect. President Lincoln later announced he would enforce for enslaved people in areas still fighting the Union would be preliminarily emancipated. This later resulted in the Emancipation Proclamation was created. Lincoln said on January 1, 1862, after signing the Emancipation Proclamation, “Then, thenceforward, and forever free.” This also ended the hope of the South having British and French citizens. When they found out the war was for to end slavery the British and French citizens supported the Union. As the We moved south they enforced the Emancipation Proclamation. This gave the union more soldiers about 180,000 soldiers, and also European Immigrants joined the Union.
Topic: civil-war

This is where this real turning point goes in our favor for the war. At first, it didn’t’ seem that way the Confederacy had defeated us at Chancellorsville, Virginia. This sadly for us gave them an opportunity to invade us in the north again and possibly win on northern turf. Although we have to look at what advantage we got it was that the Confederacy had lost one of their best generals, Stonewall Jackson. By one of his own troops! After that war though we really got what we wanted. I lead barricade to Vicksburg. We went ballistic on the city and cut off supplies. Making the soldiers and townsmen try to hold out until surrendering. By July 4 the people had to surrender. This made our plan to be solid proof now because we had now got control of the Mississippi River. This made it difficult for the Confederacy to communicate because divided Eastern and Western were divided.
Topic: civil-war

As the most brutal battle started on July 1 the battle of Gettysburg would mark history. My fellow general George G, Meade, met le’s army. The fighting strolled out three days. On July 3. Our enemies tried to spring on us one last time for a taste of glorified victory, but to only be stopped by our stone wall, pounding union soldiers, and perseverance. As they tried to scoot in closer to us we kept shooting from a higher ground that gave us an advantage. We stopped them with our relentless fighting. They had failed they retreated while the rest we had killed or wounded. This was one of our most malignant wars. 3,000 of our men were killed, and 20,000 together missing or wounded. Later in that year on November 19, 1863 president Lincoln addressed the Gettysburg war and dedicated it to all the lives lost in war, and in honor gave them a cemetery where they were buried. Not only that he gave one of his most historically marked speeches of all time. It was about liberty and equality on which our country was endowed on. He said these exact words, “We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the Earth.”
Topic: civil-war

After this, it was a straight and easy path to victory. We had large regions used to be confederate territories now ours. Southern railroads had almost stopped, and their supplies were scarce. By August 1864, Mobile, Alabama, was the last major port of the Confederacy opens on the Gulf of Mexico. Although it was protected by Fort Morgan, a Confederate fleet, a field of mines, and David Farragut had lost a ship in fighting, he ordered the union to fleet sail into the minefield. Having us win mobile bay and shut down the last major ports of the Confederacy. I had even more pride when I was delegated general over all the Union forces. That I decided to capture the Confederate capital. I ordered the general William Sherman to march from Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Atlanta, Georgia. In September 1864, They reached Atlanta. 62.000 men marched into Savannah Georgia. They cut a path of catastrophic annihilation that 60 ft. wide and 300 miles long. They burned down homes, stores, crops, and destroyed railroads. As they were doing that I was in Virginia conquering Lee’s smaller army. We cut off their supplies and kept driving them to retreat. The Confederate troops fled Richmond, Virginia. To avenge themselves though they burnt more than 900 buildings down, and hundreds more they had damaged.
Topic: civil-war

The Confederacy moved west with us in a constant inquiry. We had drawn them to starvation, exhaustion, dispirited, and outnumbered 10 to 1. Lee could no longer retreat and met me that afternoon at Appomattox Court House. I wrote all the terms, and he signed an agreement of surrendering and all the terms. After Lee’s surrender a few weeks later other Confederate troop surrendered. After four years of gory fighting, the Civil war had ended. The Union had been preserved but at a terrible expense. Over the term, the war had lost 600,000 heroic soldiers either killed or from disease, and the south was left in debris. On the other hand, it was the wakeup call for equality of all oriented groups.
Topic: civil-war

The first Africans arrived in Jamestown because of the transatlantic slave trade, the first ship with slaves brought to the new world had an estimate of 20 slaves. These slaves were born in Angola, then stolen from a Portuguese slave ship, than sold to colonial settlers in the new world. These slaves were presumably indentured servants. This concept of slavery spread rapidly in the American colonies, by the time Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which ended slavery in the colonies, there were around 4 million slaves.
Topic: civil-war

Nat Turner was a slave who plotted an uprising against white people, he managed to assemble around 70 African Americans. They eventually started their massacre and killed around sixty white people including women and children. Although small scale uprising were common, Nat Turner’s rebellion was by far the bloodiest. Virginia lawmakers reacted to this rebellion as a major threat against white people, so the Virginia lawmakers revocated some of the few civil rights African American slaves had at this time. Education became prohibited for all slaves, and the right for slaves to assemble became very limited.
Topic: civil-war

The Mexican-American war was a battle fought between Mexico and America. This battle was fought over the ownership of what was Mexican land, The US desired the ownership of Texas, and wanted more of Mexico’s Northern land. The main reason why the South wanted to take this land is because the South wished to gain more slave states, they did this in order to increase their political power over the North. The United States won the war, and Mexico signed the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Topic: civil-war

The Wilmot Proviso was a legislation proposed by David Wilmot when the Mexican American war had ended. If this piece of legislation were to be passed, slavery in the new area acquired by the war would be outlawed. David Wilmot spent two years fighting for this plan. He made many attempts to appeal his plan to congress, sadly all of his attempts failed. Though, the intensity of the debate surrounding whether the new area should be a free state or not prompted many serious discussions of secession.
Topic: civil-war

The revised Fugitive slave act was a law that made all escaped slave, upon capture, to be returned to their owners. This law was debated because, if slaves escaped to free states people of that state had to cooperate with that law, so they had to return the fugitive slaves to their owners. The Fugitive slave act of 1850 penalized officials who would not arrest fugitive slaves, officials were also required to arrest anyone suspected of being a runaway slave, if the officials would not comply with these order they would be fined $1,000. This act brought great tension between anti-slavery people and people who are for slavery because, Officials were taking slaves who were in free states and being brought back to their owners to be slaves again.
Topic: civil-war

The Kansas-Nebraska act allowed new upincoming territories to decide whether they wanted to be a free or slave state by general sovereignty. This act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which would not let slavery be in the north. After the Kansas-Nebraska act was passed, pro-slavery and anti-slavery people rushed into settle in Kansas to effect the vote. The vote was invalid, this resulted in two opposing legislatures in Kansas. Violence erupted, the territory soon earned the nickname “Bleeding Kansas.” Pro-slavery supporters won another election. But again the election was because of voter fraud. Kansas was not allowed to become a state until 1861, when Kansas was admitted to become a free state.
Topic: civil-war

More than 60,000 Texans served in the war, and some Texans fought for the union but most of them for the confederacy. Mexicans who battled for the Confederacy surpassed the measure of Mexicans battling for the Association. There were many inspiring for Mexicans that wanted to join the Confederate armed force. The expanding threats between the Federals and Alliance in Virginia, and the danger of Association control of the Texas drift powers individuals all over Texas to join the Alliance, and Mexicans were no exemption.
Topic: civil-war

Throughout the time of the American civil war, the Rio Grande pulled in consideration with the indispensable terminal for the Confederate cotton exchange. At the point when the United States maritime boats closed ports from Virginia to Texas, Confederate pioneers transported their ‘white gold’ over the Rio Grande, stacked it on Mexican leads, and cruised it securely past the barring powers, it ‘attracted a variety of people from all over the world (including gamblers, swindlers, and smugglers) to the region hoping to cash in’.
Topic: civil-war

For quite a long time, exchange through the district continued the Confederate war exertion. As the Federal blockades closed the Confederate coastline, ‘Mexico became a vital outlet for southerners to export their cotton’. In spite of the fact that, the US army force did quickly involve towns of the Rio Grande Valley and hindered the stream of cotton southward, vessels loaded up with cotton kept on utilizing the waterway’s waters, unhampered for the length of the war.
Topic: civil-war

Confederates were led by Colonel Santos Benavides, he was the highest ranking Tejano to serve the confederacy. Colonel Santos Benavides, helped make possible the safe passage of cotton across the Rio Grande to Mexico during the union occupation of the lower Rio Grande valley in 1863-64. In the last land clash of the Civil War in the east of Brownsville at Palmito Ranch happened multi month right after Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to General US Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. Five hundred Union Soldiers on their approach to Brownsville stood up to three hundred Confederate officers. Following the encounter, the Union forces withdrew and supported the last loss of the war, an infantryman from Indiana.
Topic: civil-war

It was here that the Union blockade was felt maybe generally acutely. The Union’s main objective in the war was to inhibit the south, blockading all ports so they couldn’t get merchandise in or out. Confederate army in Texas progressively comprehended the significance of cotton in its capacity to protect Texas from the Union forces. Furthermore, it was here where longstanding cross-outskirt competitions and moving political fortunes on the two sides of the stream made for a consistent propensity of interest. The confederates moved over a million of dollars’ worth of cotton through Mexico. But then, most records of this long and bleeding struggle given short shrift to the complexities of the ethnic strains, political moving, and worldwide strategy that distinctively hued the Civil War in the Rio Grande Valley.
Topic: civil-war

A hero of one of the darkest eras in American history, Robert E. Lee is often glanced over when ranking the country’s most esteemed individuals. An examination of his life and career as a whole reveal the same levels of many of the qualities possessed founding fathers and other early American heroes enshrined in history. Time and time again he demonstrated a profound sense of patriotism, loyalty, and duty. Still, his fame and following is mainly restricted to the states which once formed the Confederacy.
Topic: civil-war

For the nobility carried by his name by birth, Robert’s upbringing was quite atypical. Following his militaristic success during the country’s fight for independence, Robert’s father served as governor of Virginia from 1792 until 1795, but eventually found himself deeply ill and burdened by a lifetime of poor financial decisions. As the youngest boy and by all accounts closest child with his mother, Robert found himself even more drawn to his mother’s sense of responsibility and work ethic as she supported herself and the five children on the income from her family’s estate.