ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: racism

By grasping the audience’s attention Dr. King uses brutality, violence, and, despotism. This use of pathos lets the reader understand the issues black people had to face to make the reader understand the injustice they had to suffer for, over a peaceful protest. Dr. King also makes his point across by stating that “injustice anywhere is a threat of justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly” (380). This statement shows that no matter what race, everyone is affected by injustice.
Topic: racism

To make everyone including the clergyman believe his contretemps he had to use reasons and facts to assure. Dr. King uses logos by stating facts about the bombing of negro homes and churches in Birmingham and how it is the city with the most unsolved state of affairs in the nation. This provides a type of integrity and faith that the audience will uphold when reading Dr. King’s letter. King had two main purposes for writing this essay: to respond to the criticism from society and to call attention to racism problems. He used logical appeal to make audiences understood the dilemma that Negroes were facing, and King could persuaded more people to get involved to the movement that against racial segregation.
Topic: racism

He was able to show the American people the injustices the black community faced, as well as the nonviolent protests that were critical to the movement, and the changes that brought equality and peace to America. If these rhetorical devices were not used, his audience would not be able to truly comprehend the argument he was conveying, The Civil Rights Movement wouldn’t be as fortunate and vast as it ended up being. His use of ethos, pathos, and logos made his letter more reliable, sensible, and better to understand and sympathize with. If Dr. King had not written such a powerful and potent letter from the use of rhetorical devices, the strength of the Civil Rights Movement uproar and momentum that it is remembered today would be disregarded from the people of America.
Topic: racism

The Reconstruction Era was a heavily debated topic amongst many historians. After the civil war, not only was the South devastated, but there were thousands of now free slaves that needed to be integrated into society. At the beginning of Andrew Johnson’s presidency, he was somewhat fair with his plans for reconstructing America. However, the Radical Republicans had other plans, such as using congress to impose harsher terms against the now freed slaves. The many theories suggested about the reconstruction era have been contested, with one side calling it a failure while the other called it a success, but never considered both simultaneously.
Topic: racism

Contradicting the Dunning school’s view, historian Eric Foner categorized the reconstruction era as a success but an “unfinished revolution.” Deepening Foner’s thoughts, Du Bois, in the Black Reconstruction of America argues that “the corruption was overstressed and that Dunning overlooked many achievements of Reconstruction.”(Du Bois, 1935) William Dunning believed that the war could have been avoided at all costs and viewed reconstruction as a political measure. Many students from the south flocked to Dunning and his views, thus the “Dunning School” was born.
Topic: racism

According to Dunning’s portrayal, blacks were depicted to be unequipped of meaningful political participation, while terrorist organizations, like the Ku Klux Klan, were almost rewarded for the efforts to “restore” the south’s natural order. To further prove his points, Dunning shows that the failure of reconstruction governments often came when white violence erupted, as the violence was in response to the Republicans. “Between 1868 and 1870, when the cessation of the national military authority left the new state governments to stand by their own strength, there developed that widespread series of disorders with which the name of the Ku Klux Klan is associated. While these were at their height the Republican Party was ousted from control in four of the old rebel states, namely, Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia”(Dunning School, 1901). Contradicting the Dunnings Schools’ views Eric Foner believed the Reconstruction era was a success. Foner acknowledged that it was an “unfinished revolution,” but also acknowledged the accomplishments, and steps in the right direction. He saw the possibility for more than just America, “the institutions created or consolidated after the Civil war- the black family, school, and church – provided the base from which the modern civil rights revolution sprang. And for its legal strategy, the movement returned to the laws and amendments of reconstruction”(Foner, chapter 15)
Topic: racism

According to Foner, the Dunnings interpretation of Reconstruction was a part of the belief of the Jim Crow Laws, which was an explanation and justification for taking the 15th amendment away from the black men during the reconstruction. Almost like it was a justification for the white South resisting efforts to change the race relations because of the worry of having another reconstruction. Foner claims reconstruction to be a break from traditional systems prevailing in the south(Foner Chapter 15). While Dunning saw the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments as things that negatively impacted the nation, historians such as Foner, consider them as some of the reconstruction eras’ most successful achievements. Supporting Founder’s thoughts and beliefs, Du Bois was in agreement with Foner, stating that Dunning overlooked many successes during the Reconstruction era. Du Bois termed the Reconstruction era a “splendid failure” because it didn’t fail for the reasons that whites thought or expected it would (DuBois, Black Reconstruction in America).
Topic: racism

Dunning’s interpretation of reconstruction differs from Foner’s interpretation by the Dunning school believing reconstruction was always going to fail and felt that taking the right to vote or hold office away from the whites in the south was a violation of republicanism. Dunning also differs from “The South’s traditional leaders-planters, merchants, and Democratic politicians-bitterly opposed the new governments” (Foner, chapter 15). Another major reason Dunning’s interpretation differs from Founders is that white supremacist behavior was almost applauded. The idea was to make the South back into what it was before the civil war. Foner’s interpretation differs drastically from Dunnings, by acknowledging that many African Americans were now in office. “The fact that some 2,000 African Americans occupied public offices during Reconstruction represented a fundamental shift of power in the South and a radical departure in American government” (Foner, chapter 15). Foner believed that “corruption did exist during Reconstruction, but it was confirmed to no race, region, or party.”
Topic: racism

Even though there were many plus sides to the civil war, for example, the abolishment of slavery, secession was refuted, and the supremacy of national government. There was still one downside which was the Reconstruction of the country. The main issue was how they were going to figure out what to do with all the freed slaves and how to protect their rights. Some ways reconstruction was a failure is the establishment of the KKK/racism, the political rights of the freedmen, and misleading statistics of the election.
Topic: racism

There were many more reasons why reconstruction was a failure but these were the most impactful. Like all things in life, reconstruction had to come to an end, the resulting outcome was both a success and a failure. The Ku Klux Klan was a group of white males that would rally their views and opinions about African Americans. They were completely against the idea of them being freedmen. Congress’ reconstruction efforts to have equal rights for freedom failed because the KKK would intervene in the wrong ways.
Topic: racism

In Document 2 General Thomas discusses the KKK. Their main purpose was to get rid of African Americans so that the whites could gain more power. They even killed any who supported the African Americans, even if they were white. “With the close of the last and the beginning of the new year the State of Tennessee was disturbed by the strange operations of a mysterious organization known as the ‘Ku Klux Klan’” General George Thomas acknowledged what the KKK was trying to do.
Topic: racism

They were creating obstacles for the government while they were trying to take care of the freedmen. Another way the KKK was an impactful part of the failure of Reconstruction was shown in an editorial in Atlanta Newspaper when the editor of the section tries to get white males to help out in getting rid of the African Americans’ rights. In document 4, the Atlanta news uses this editorial to call for the formation of “White Leagues” to the reconstruction. “Let there be ‘White Leagues’ formed in every town, village, and hamlet of the south, and let us organize for the great struggles which seem inevitable.
Topic: racism

We have submitted long enough to indignities, and it is time to meet brute-force with brute-force.” In the document, the speaker states his views on the African Americans in the south. He wants the Northerners to go to the South and Organize a way to convince freedmen to stop voting. Also, they tried to stop them from taking part in politics. The political right of the freedmen was very splotchy. They had limited rights and then had restrictions on top of those rights, just limiting them even more. Their rights were all just affected by the fact they were African Americans who were former slaves, nothing else. In document 1 Congressman Boyer is talking about how freedmen shouldn’t be allowed to vote. He claims that African Americans are not mentally capable as whites are. “But it is not the complexion of the negro that degrades him… [the Negro is] a race by nature inferior in mental caliber… the negros are not the equals of white Americans” He automatically puts a label onto the African Americans saying that they are not equal to white Americans.
Topic: racism

Since they’re a different complexion since they were born and raised different they’re considered to be not equal. The splotchy political rights of African American was shown in document 6. In the document, Dr. W. E. B. DuBois tells us about how the African Americans who wanted to work weren’t allowed to do anything involved in politics. In order to survive during that time, they needed to give up their political powers. “ But the decisive influence was the systematic and overwhelming economic pressure. Negroes who wanted work must not dabble in politics. Negroes who wanted to increase their income must not agitate the Negro problem.” They were trying to stop the African Americans from having any sort of political power or from taking part in any political events. They were given working contracts from former slaves owners but they were told they couldn’t vote in order to earn.
Topic: racism

The last most major reason why reconstruction was a failure was the election that ended reconstruction. In document 8, we’re given a map that has the statistics of the election. In the key clearly shows that Samuel J Tilden won in both the popular vote and the Uncontested Electoral Vote. So it wasn’t possible for Hayes to win unless there were other deals made. “The disputed presidential election of 1876 set the stage for the final stage of reconstruction–the removal of all federal troops from the last three “unreconstructed” Southern states: Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida.” Hayes was guaranteed to win the election as long as he removed all union troops from the last 3 unreconstructed states. Removing these troops would allow the freedmen to be open to more injustice. The white would be able to treat the freedmen poorly and nothing could be done about it by the union since their troops were no longer stationed there.
Topic: racism

Another way this election assisted the failure of the reconstruction was because it brought reconstruction to an end altogether. Since the freedmen were open to all injustice, the efforts by the Northern Republicans in Congress to protect freedmen and their rights were abandoned. There was nothing left to be done. The freedmen were on their own couldn’t be helped. Their freedom, rights, and political rights were all left unsecured. In general, reconstruction was a win and a loss. It was a win since there were a few things that went right like the abolishment of slavery and it was a loss because it wasn’t well thought out enough. There was way too much grey area in order to bring a large amount of change. Whatever reconstruction did and didn’t do set the stage for America we live in today.
Topic: racism

Hughes knew the right words to put in his poem and it meant a lot to others especially from the 1920s to the 1960s. In order to deal with ongoing issues in the world, poetry is a key component to get to people’s hearts and inform them what’s going on with this world. Langston Hughes was born into a time in American History where African Americans had no freedom of speech or the right to vote. Growing up in many different cities and living with many relatives, Langston Hughes experienced poverty.
Topic: racism

During the rise of the Civil Rights struggle, his publications in the 1950s and 1960s spoke on the political upheaval and the conditions of African American Life. This affected the dreams African Americans had for equality. The only thing people had was their dreams, which lead Langston Hughes to write his poems on dreams. Dreams were one of his biggest projects that would relate to the people. “A Dream Deferred” represented the hardship that every American was going through. Black Americans and White Americans loved his poems. Hughes wrote a poem called “Harlem”. Utilizing poetic devices, Hughes is able to successfully display the emotional conflicts of the frustrations that African Americans faced regarding their goals and dreams during the 1950s. One of the most essential poetic devices Hughes uses in “Harlem” is the use of figurative language. Using figurative language, Hughes can evoke a genuine connection with the reader. Written during an era when social equality was more commonly spoken about, rather than acted upon. Hughes did an incredible job of creating visualizations of how African Americans felt about their goals, dreams, and self-esteem. Hughes strategically utilized this poetic device to portray how challenging, and nearly impossible, it was for African American’s to achieve ambitions and goals during an era of social inequality.
Topic: racism

Hughes dedicated his poems to the struggles, pride, dreams, and racial injustices of African American people. Rampersad states that when Hughes first began to write, he “committed himself both to writing and to writing mainly about African-Americans” (Rampersad para. 1). Certainly, his choice in the study and writing methods suggested this. His first published poem was “The Negro Speaks of Rivers,” Loyalty to his race and interest in the issue of abolition and African-American rights was in Hughes’s blood, as his relatives had been at Harpers Ferry, had worked tirelessly to fight for abolition, and who had been famous and influential in the African-American communities across the nation (Rampersad para. 3). Despite his rich lineage, Hughes’s reaction to racism was his own. And he did respond to the issues of racism and racial discrimination, using his poetry. This can be seen quite clearly through one of Hughes’s first poems, “The Negro Speaks of Rivers.” In this poem, it begins with the statement, “I’ve known rivers” (Hughes 1), and continues to list the rivers that he has known. First, he writes that he has known “human rivers,” and the rivers that are even older than those, rivers such as the Euphrates, the Congo, the Nile, and the Mississippi (Hughes 1-8). While this might seem, at first, like a more natural topic than one about racism and conflict among the races, the rivers are all those having something to do with African-American culture. The first three rivers are in Africa and the Middle East, suggesting Hughes’s roots. The Mississippi, however, is in the United States, suggesting both his present and his past in this country. The images of the rivers and the time imagery that he uses, saying that he has known “rivers as ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human rivers” (Hughes 1-3), show both the eternity and the harshness of Hughes’s struggle, as well as the struggles of other African-Americans.
Topic: racism

Many people strive to one day have these ideas become our reality. But what happens to us when those very dreams fail to take form when one’s desires and plans for achievement are halted before they reach fulfillment. When they experience temporary or even permanent deferment? When one loses our hope in their dreams it only brings one reluctant to dream again, unsettled with the outcome, and feeling defeated. Langston Hughes’s poem “Harlem” depicts a subtle but very vivid picture of the human reaction to unresolved dreams. The name of the poem itself is the biggest clue to its true meaning. It points to the historical part of New York called Harlem (Arthur pg. 2). Why title the poem Harlem if it doesn’t discuss Harlem at all? That is the point, it does describe Harlem. At the time the poem was written, Harlem was a place where African Americans were mocked and denied in society. The “dream” that Hughes was referring to could be any type of dream but given that he wrote this during the Harlem Renaissance, it probably refers to the dream of freedom, equality and dignity, and of a better life that many Southern Blacks carried with them to the North. America at the time was known as the land of opportunity, where dreams come true (Arthur pg. 6)
Topic: racism

Hughes became interested in socialism. Hughes supported the Soviet’s ideologies of communism as there were no flaws of equality. The communistic economies presented struggle and poverty, but Hughes still believed in it since there was no racism or classes in society. Hughes took part in the communist party in the US, along with other Black figures. Seeing his dreams and of other Black artists become bleak, Hughes’ thoughts became pessimistic and were reflected in his poetry. In his poem “Life Is Fine”, Hughes writes his pessimistic thoughts,
Topic: racism

In conclusion, in order to deal with cultural problems going on in the world, poetry is a key component to get to people’s hearts and inform them what’s going on with this world. Hughes brings a major change in the eyes of Americans, through his influential and powerful poetry. He witnesses the social injustice faced by African Americans, finds his admiration in jazz music, and suffers pessimistic thoughts and weakened hope through the 1930s. Langston Hughes reflects the ambiance in his poetry, as his themes change according to his feelings, thoughts, and setting. Hughes’ poetry emerges from an examination of social injustice, followed by jazz poetry, and then to his pessimistic views on life. Hughes’s plans of bringing change are revealed in his poems and become his dreams. They are, however, shunned as he faces the Great Depression and the suffering it causes to his community. His dreams are deferred and his hopes of bringing change among his people diminish. He learns from his experience and relates it in his poem “Dreams”, as he writes, “Hold fast to dreams for if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly.” (Hughes 1-2). Langston Hughes teaches his readers and admirers to fight their dreams and to not let them delay, as dreams become your success to life.
Topic: racism

The author of the article, Nancy Scheper-Hughes has conducted extensive field studies in Brazil and in South Africa, and in her opinion; it was during periods of intense political change and transformation that violence seemed to escalate among the youth of the countries. In brazil, for example, violence was carried out against street children during the process of democratization, and more than thousands of street children in the age group of 15 to 19 were put to death by the so called ‘death squads’ in what was known as a ‘cleansing operation’ to get rid of the ‘vermin’ of the streets.
Topic: racism

Experts state that racism is being given much importance today, and the Internet is being used by agencies such as the Ku Klux Klan to bring to the influential and susceptible youth of today messages of hate and violence , against the minorities of the world, like for example, Jews. Since it is a fact that many people suffer from a sense of ‘not belonging’, the World Wide Web offers them a sense of belonging and empathy with others like them, and apparently, messages of hate serve as a link for them.
Topic: racism

It is possible today for hate messages to reach a much wider audience than ever before, and at a very low cost too, and this means that hate messages would reach a much wider audience, at considerably lower costs than ever before. The Internet also allows users to bond the innumerable users of hate sites to other similar sites, like for example; users of the KKK site could bond with the ‘American Nazi Party’ and other such sites on the World Wide Web.
Topic: racism

Sites like the KKK seem to promote easier and interactive learning, even if they are racist messages, and because of the credibility accorded to the World Wide Web, users certainly tend to believe in these messages, especially if the users are children and adolescents. The author of the article, Denise M Bostdorff, examined 23 KKK websites over a period of time, and she found that these sites were being used to justify real and actual violence against minorities and others, on the basis of the racist messages being broadcast to users.
Topic: racism

If these messages were to fall into the hands of susceptible youth, then one can imagine the resulting situation of violence and mayhem. This is a case of modern technology being utilized for purposes other than it was meant for, and in this case, like the first one, it is the young of the world who are targeted for carrying out acts of violence, and also against whom acts of violence are carried out. (Bostdorff, M Denise 2000)
Topic: racism

In the period prior to the Civil War, enormous divisions had already developed between the northern and the southern states, with the people in the North being more industrialised, believing that slavery was morally wrong. The South however, relied heavily on agriculture, and had black slaves working predominantly on the land. Without them, people in the South feared for their wealth and economy. The civil war ended in 1865 and although slavery was abolished and slaves were made free men, resentment was still present amongst whites in the South, who largely viewed blacks as ill educated with low morals and hardly human at all.
Topic: racism

The story is narrated by Scout and is about one man, a lawyer, trying to jolt his society out of this isolationist mentality and towards recognising that Blacks are humans, who deserve equal opportunities as Whites as he defends an innocent black man, charged with the rape of a white girl. “Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry” is also set in 1933 in the Southern State of Mississippi. Here the black children of the Logan family, especially Cassie who is the narrator, are growing up during the hard times in a state where the black community is already subject to extreme racist attitudes.
Topic: racism

In the course of the story we see how Cassie begins to reach a painful understanding as she witnesses the hatred and destruction around her and learns when it is important to fight for a principle, even if it brings terrible hardships. Racial prejudice is arguably the most prominent theme of both novels. In “To Kill a Mockingbird”, several examples of this are demonstrated. Aunt Alexandra and Atticus argue over Calpurnia’s position in the Finch home, and to some extent, it is suggested that Alexandra feels threatened and jealous of Cal, because she has more power over the children and is closer to the family than Alexandra herself.
Topic: racism

However, there is also an implication that Aunt Alexandra is racist towards Cal, a black, when she says: “… we don’t need her now” She feels that their reputation will be affected if they associate with her, thus advising Atticus to let her go. Aunt Alexandra and Atticus have fundamentally different attitudes to servant supervision as she still holds onto traditional views, believing that whites are superior to the untrustworthy blacks. Consequently, she feels Cal is not ‘good enough’ to be a part of the Finch family.
Topic: racism

Later on, Aunt Alexandra is entertaining the Maycomb Missionary Society at the Finch home and they are debating the harshness of the ‘squalid lives of the Mrunas’ led by Mrs Meriweather. There is irony in the ladies’ conversation in that there are blacks in their own society living in similar conditions. Harper Lee brings this to the reader’s attention by Mrs Merriweather’s use of alliteration in ‘sin and squalor’ which is then repeated for effect. This again shows social prejudice on blacks because the ‘s’ is harsh sounding which suggests that the blacks have low morals which the whites think are not even worth knowing of.
Topic: racism

The Ewells who are despised by the Maycomb community as ‘white trash’ are poor, uneducated, crude and dirty and would most keenly feel the threat of the Blacks. They are uncertain of their position in society, thus they assert prejudice on Blacks to make themselves feel more superior. Due to their fear of racial disturbance, they want to get rid of the Blacks, so they choose Tom Robinson to be charged with rape, a crime he does not commit. During the trial, Tom says he feels sorry for Mayella. Mr Gilmer, Mayella’s defendant, picks up on the point and states hastily:
Topic: racism

‘you feel sorry for her, you feel sorry for her? ‘ For a Black to feel sorry for a White is the same as a black showing superiority towards whites and therefore would be seen as a crime worse than rape itself in the White jury’s eyes. From this, we see how whites are allowed to assert prejudice over blacks but for blacks to show the slightest hint of discontent or even sincerity is forbidden. “Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry” is also set against a background of racial hatred which permeates the lives of all. However, racism in society is often shown through violence.
Topic: racism

Cassie experiences some hard times at Strawberry herself when Big Ma decides to allow Stacey and Cassie to accompany her to this festival. It turns out to be a day of disappointments and humiliation, starting with the town itself which does not live up to her expectations. Then Cassie is confused by Big Ma’s choice of pitch at the far and least accessible end of the market. Big Ma explains to her that the best positions are reserved for ‘them’s white folks’ wagons’. We see from this that whites feel they are more superior and therefore are prejudiced against blacks, who according to them are of a lower class and do not deserve much.
Topic: racism

After the sale, Cassie accompanies T. J and Stacey to the store against Big Ma’s orders. Cassie is appalled to find that the storekeeper, Mr Barnett, serves the white customers even a white girl who was no bigger than she was before them. Cassie is determined to wreak revenge by tackling Mr Barnett about this. She feels it is unfair to be prejudiced against someone simply because of their race and colour. Cassie has been brought up to try and change what little she can, to do something to fight back against injustice.
Topic: racism

It will not prevent such things from happening again but at least she is not accepting the treatment she has received. When Cassie touches Mr Barnett, his response is one that is unacceptable: ‘he recoiled as if I had struck him’ It is as if he is physically repelled by her presence. The reader acknowledges that this is due to his racist attitudes. This act to try and seek revenge shows Cassie as a courageous character for she has the guts to stand up for her beliefs, to fight for justice. Mr Barnett becomes angry and shouts at Cassie: ‘whose little nigger is this! ‘ He speaks in total contempt, taking no account of her age.
Topic: racism

The word ‘nigger’ is used, a rude and offensive term for Blacks, suggesting that he will not countenance any suggestion of equality for them. Stacey is equally angry, but has to drag Cassie out of the store to prevent her from getting hurt. The final straw comes for Cassie when she bumps into Lillian Jean Simms, who holds strong prejudices against Blacks. Lillian Jean orders Cassie to apologise, but expects her to get down on the road and do so. Mr Simms shortly arrives and the scene becomes ugly and dangerous. He snaps at Cassie saying: ‘when my gal Lillian Jean says for you to get yo’self off the sidewalk, you get, you hear?
Topic: racism

‘ Here, Lillian Jean demonstrates the blind prejudice of her father. Big Ma comes along and senses the threatening nature of the situation. Mildred Taylor makes this known to the readers through the ‘fear in her eyes’. She reluctantly commands Cassie to apologise again. Although Big Ma is equally furious, she has enough courage to hold back her feelings and avoid retaliation. By doing so she might have prevented a potentially dangerous fight. Mr Simms however is not satisfied and requests Cassie to address her daughter as ‘Miz’. This shows how Mr Simms uses prejudice to fulfil his need for superiority.
Topic: racism

Mama supports this when she explains to Cassie that Mr Simms acts that way for he thinks Lillian Jean is better than her, solely because she’s white. Mama then goes on to say: ‘he’s one of those people who has to believe that white people are better than black people to make them feel big. ‘ We learn of the importance of superiority to the whites and perhaps it is the reason behind some racist attitudes. After all these incidents, we learn that both Stacey and Big Ma have to humble themselves in front of a White person and Cassie is compelled to do the same in fear of getting hurt.
Topic: racism

Her words are described as ‘crushing’ and it is at this point that Soyinka shows a clear change in the narrator, “You mean-like plain or milk chocolate? ” The narrator then goes on to banter with the landlady, playfully taunting the arrogant woman. Soyinka uses alliteration to depict the landlady’s thoughts, “Silence for spectroscopic flight of fancy,” This description allows us to see the landlady’s ignorant nature, and the narrator uses sarcasm and wit to seek revenge for the humiliating situation he has been placed in.
Topic: racism

The title sets the theme, stating the fact that speech is prohibited, and the opening lines create the atmosphere of a protest march, using rhyme to capture the reader’s attention. This use of rhyme does not continue throughout the poem, however the careful use of punctuation and language engraves the poem in the readers mind. Within the opening lines the reader quickly sympathises with the pain of the marchers, “Until the pain goes away we will march some more” although we are yet to discover the cause of the march. Within the second stanza, Agard reiterates her protest theme, using chants and bold lettering to create the image of a march,”What do we want? JUSTICE When do we want it? NOW. ”
Topic: racism

This emphasises the anger of the black community over this injustice, and creates imagery of a march by using simple statements. We are still yet to uncover the reason for the march, yet Agard clearly sets out to publicise the disgust felt. The third Stanza sheds light upon the awful disaster that has occurred, and, although Agard uses little detail in her writing, we are informed that members of the black community have died, “We felt for our sisters and our brothers who had died. We wanted that feeling to be carried worldwide”.
Topic: racism

These simple rhythmic statements carry a very clear message; that the black community wish to speak out about racial injustice. The following lines inform us of the feelings of the black citizens, and the use of bold lettering heightens the message, “THIRTEEN DEAD NOTHING SAID” This also attributes to the imagery of the march, and the reader could view this rhyming couplet as a chant. Agard goes on to talk about the publicity the march received; however there is a negative spin placed upon the protest by the newspapers, and the title “BLACK RAMPAGE” clearly depicts the controversy between the black and white members of society.
Topic: racism

Whilst the black community were merely trying to seek justice, the white community saw this as an act of misconduct and chaos. The pain and hurt of the black community is displayed in the following lines, with Agard choosing the violent word ‘slashed’ to describe the distress this bias headline has caused. Agard next talks about the inquest, using two couplets to break up the outcome of the protest. After telling us “We got our wish An inquest” The reader believes that justice will prevail and equality will reign within society.
Topic: racism

However, the following lines prove otherwise, with the verdict being ‘left open’. These lines are told in an angry manner, and the use of ellipses pauses the reader before discovering the outcome of the case. The break up of these lines perhaps represents the hope of the black community being destroyed. The last stanza of the poem is exceedingly similar to the opening stanza, representing the fact that the black community still wishes justice to be done. Agard’s writing is ambiguous, as in these closing lines she says the black community will have to ‘march’ all their lives.
Topic: racism

This is a clever use of imagery to represent the fact that these people will constantly have to fight against racism and injustice. We are left feeling saddened by this injustice, and Agard’s writing accomplishes its goal of illustrating the pain felt following this unjust event. Both ‘Telephone Conversation’ and ‘Nothing Said’ use free verse to display the prejudice that confronted black British citizens. This helps the poems to flow with the rhythm of speech which both poets wish to demonstrate.
Topic: racism

Explore the idea of racial prejudice and discrimination by writing about Cassie’s visit to Strawberry with Big Ma. Show how the ideas are brought out powerfully because of Cassie’s age and character? The novel ‘Roll of thunder, hear my cry’ is set in the 1930’s in Mississippi. The author, Mildrid D. Taylor can relate to the Logan family as she is writing about her father, whose character in the book is Little man.
Topic: racism

Racism came about when the blacks were shipped into the country for slavery, from then on, the white people consider the blacks as a lower class and that is what Cassie has to come to terms with. Black people have the most minimum and low education. Even though Cassie’s family own their own land, they are seen as being lower in status than poorer white people, such as the Simms. Cassie is a naive nine year old girl and through the experiences of Cassie, we see a society. The fact that Cassie tells the story helps us to agree with her, learn and sympathise with her.
Topic: racism

We learn more from Cassie as each chapter takes place. In Strawberry, Cassie begins to learn three facts about the position of black people, white people have better places to sell things in the market, black people are served last in shops, and black people have to show respect to white people, even is the black people are in the right. This is a good example of racial prejudice because Cassie cannot understand why Big Ma has not parked near the white people as a black girl, Cassie must keep her mouth shut, and otherwise she will make the Nightriders come and burn the house.
Topic: racism

Cassie does not comprehend the division between black and white folks because she is only nine years old. The following essay will discuss Cassie’s point of view as she experiences racial prejudice and discrimination in Strawberry. Big Ma and Cassie arrive in Strawberry and go to set up the stall, Cassie notices that they go to an isolated area and she asks why. ‘Them’s white folks wagons, Cassie, Big Ma said gruffly, as if that explained everything. ‘ ‘Gruffly’ could mean that Big Ma is not happy but she accepts it, Stacey also seems to accept it.
Topic: racism

This is effective because the reader realises before Cassie, what is going on. It is also very effective because of the use of dramatic irony by the author. It sets the tone of what is to come. As in the shop, the reader realises before Cassie what the situation is like for black people. Cassie is angry, ‘Shoot, I mumbled a body walk way back here, they’ll have bunions on their soles and corns on their toes.’
Topic: racism

Cassie’s angry reaction shows that she is unaware of why her and Big Ma must stay out the white folks area’. When Cassie arrives in Strawberry, it does not seem very attractive at all, ‘a spindly row of electrical lines, strips of red dirt, brown grass, gloomy store buildings and sagging verandas’. These adjectives suggest that Strawberry sounds like a pleasant place for people to go to before she arrives, so Cassie is disappointed. Cassie is unaware of these things because no one has told her, even though she has seen the books at her school.
Topic: racism

Her father also owns the land, so they are not as poor as some black families; Cassie is protected by her family. The narration shows this by the way she questions Big Ma, as if that explained everything. ” Cassie does not realise that this does explain everything. It is only later that Cassie’s mum explains. Big Ma sees the positive side to Strawberry. There is more room for them now than there would be in the summer. Big Ma also knows she has regular customers. Stacey has been to Strawberry before and he does as Big Ma says.
Topic: racism

He is more aware than Cassie and is uncomfortable in the store without Big Ma. ‘Stacey hesitated. I don’t know. I think Big Ma wanted to go with us. ‘ This suggests that Stacey is more nervous being in the store. T. J persuades Cassie and Stacey to go in the store because he wants to look at the guns. ‘Stacey pondered the suggestion for a long moment. ‘ Stacey’s reaction suggests that he is very nervous and he senses some possible problems. When Stacey is in the Barnetstore, he ‘backed away’ from the counter. This shows how tense Stacey is and he does not want to stay for long in the store.
Topic: racism

We will be able to see the world through the lens of the human race. The future will be a new era of progress and change. The world will be changing, and we are going to be more resilient. This is the future of humanity. The world is changing, and we are living in a time where the human race is still alive. One may start by asking: What is the environmental subject? We ‘d say that the environmental issue is any topic that impacts environmental performance.
Topic: racism

When did this way, environmental matters must include our failing political system and the erosion of democracy; this pervasive economic insecurity that paralyzes political activity; and the bourgeois, racially divisive, and completely anthropocentric values that dominate our civilization. With the reason, it is not a bridge too far to understand the environmental and societal problems share the same root cause?— a political economy based on extraction, exploitation, and wealth-hoarding of the powerful few.
Topic: racism

Shipping items between vendors and buyers is the origin of 95% of its environmental impact, and that continues its greatest barrier to true carbon neutrality. It’s difficult to ship things in the earth without using fossil fuels. On the individual level, anyone can serve the environment by setting in effort to see and attempt to resolve those many environmental issues that the earth is seeing today. Exploring this web is one of the most efficient and uncomplicated ways to research the diverse facets of environmental topics.
Topic: racism

In the autumn section of the bluest eye, by Toni Morrison, the most intriguing passage that I have read occurs in the pages 33-34, beginning with; “Letting herself breathe easily now… ” and ending with; “those pretty eyes. ” This passage is particularly unique in the sense that it exposes a lot about Pecola’s situation at that time, her character, her feelings and emotions as well as her desires. The writer uses a number of different literary devices to convey these elements of Pecola’s character.
Topic: racism

Throughout the passage there has been a conspicuous repetition of the words ‘eye’ , ‘picture’ , ‘sight’ and ‘faces’. It seems like the writer is trying to make a connection to racism through this emphasis. I get this idea because racism is a very superficial, external subject of discrimination and it is due to the external picture or sight of someone that triggers this form of it. Relating this to Pecola’s character you can see that she is a product of racism, her feeling of inadequacy due to her features is very apparent in this passage.
Topic: racism

In the fourth paragraph of page 33, “Little parts of her body faded away… they were always left,” shows how much she is despised by what she refers to as her ugliness; pg 34 “as long as she was ugly”, an idea implanted into her and many other black girls by the whites. In the fourth paragraph of page 33, “Little parts of her body faded away… they were always left,” This is specifically a very attractive part of the passage because it has incorporated with it a lot about different themes and ideas like cultural identity.
Topic: racism

The quote is about Pecola closing her eyes and trying to imagine each of her body parts disappearing until her eyes are left and she cannot make them disappear. I think this brings up the idea of identity and the fact that whatever or however much you do you can never escape your true identity. In the piece, it is Pecola who tries so hard to run away from who she is but there is a barricade that doesn’t let her do so. The second paragraph of page 34 has had an immense effect on me during my reading. From,” it had occurred to Pecola…
Topic: racism

” to “those pretty eyes. ” If you read this passage you will definitely notice that the writer repeats the word ‘different’ side by side with a positive word like ‘beautiful’. The writer does this, I think, to reinforce the idea of indirect racism that existed at that time, the kids were so brain washed and sampled to believe that the perfect model of everything was a white figure with blue eyes and blonde hair that they blamed the problems in their life for not being in the range of the elite or perfect.
Topic: racism

In my opinion, Pecola feels this way and believes that any change or difference to her image that would make her more beautiful (in white terms) would change their situation at home as well as everything else in a positive way. I think this is the justification because as soon as the paragraph ended there was an excerpt from the childrens book (Dick and Jane) talking about a few kids with blue eyes having fun with each other to show continuity from the previous paragraph. “Long hours she sat looking in the mirror, trying to discover the secret of the ugliness…
Topic: racism

” I think that this line carries a lot of irony because usually little girls spend long hours in front of the mirror admiring their beauty not despising it. This also exposes a lot about the fact that she was a victim of racism both direct and indirect as I had mentioned. To finalize the essay, I would say that the excerpt that I chose is again special to me because I am able to relate to it very personally, because obviously I as well do not fit into the description of the perfect boy. “What is the true and sincere beauty? ” – is the question that has been raised in my head.
Topic: racism

“Behind any conflict, whether it is in Northern Ireland, the Balkans, Sudan, genocide in Rwanda, apartheid in South Africa, problems in the Middle East between Israel and Palestine, you are sure to find racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia or a related intolerance. Without dealing with this frankly and honestly we cannot ever hope to achieve total respect for human rights” (Vorster, 2002). For centuries, countries have to deal with racial conflict. The growing problem of racial discrimination caught the public attention during the German Nazi campaign to eliminate the Jews during the Second World War.
Topic: racism

There is more to the idea of cultural preservation that is contained in the element of racism. The Germans find a scapegoat in the Jews as its solution to the country’s internal woes. Self-protection is the primary method being employed in establishing the answers to the questions of the greater population. In an economic crisis, people want solutions to the difficult plight that they are in. The government is just too willing to hand over to them the twisted truth of the matter on hand.
Topic: racism

The historical accounts that spark the Second World War continue to linger on today. Situations that happen in the Balkans and the Middle East are results of an enduring hatred fueled from Germany’s Nazism. Ethnic conflicts still exist in many parts of the world. But the enduring difficulties in Africa have kept the entire globe glued on the ongoing tussles of violence and instability. Respect for human rights is a thing of the past in the poor continent.
Topic: racism

“Remember, remember always that all of us, and you and I especially, are descended from immigrants and revolutionists. ” —Franklin D. Roosevelt What would make people assume that innocent people who move from one country to another are in need of any type of forgiveness for doing so? Xenophobia is best known as an irrational fear of foreign, including fear of race and the immigrant. In looking at recent American history, it is clear that racism and fear of the supposed outsider has been a disturbing part of American culture for generations.
Topic: racism

The continuing struggle of Native Americans, African Americans, and Latin Americans to obtain civil rights, as well as the ongoing struggle for immigrants to attain warm acceptance are evidence that xenophobia continues to play a large part in the dysfunction of American culture. As a nation, the citizens of the United States should be embarrassed of their unjust fear and apprehension with regard to racist attitudes towards both minorities and people who are considered to be new and different. These actions are racist. Pernicious patterns of violence and intimidation in many parts of America are driven by racism and xenophobia.
Topic: racism

Members of minority groups are sometimes victimized because of the color of their skin or other physical attributes. Such prejudice is sometimes exacerbated by religious intolerance or cultural stereotypes. The principal victims of racist and xenophobic violence are often described as “visible minorities,” though this term may be misleading. Even a minority that is not easily distinguished by physical characteristics may stand out as “different” because of differences in language, religion, and a variety of other cultural indicators, as is the case with many immigrants.
Topic: racism

Opposing some main thoughts, such as European superiority over other people, it is good to meditate the vicious acts that have been imposed on minorities by the mainstream cultures. The killing and forcible extraction of Native Americans from their lands, the forced slavery and of African Americans, and the harassment and fencing off of immigrants such as Latin Americans all lend credibility to the idea that the mainly European American culture has had and still has serious defects in regard to the application of civil rights for all people.
Topic: racism

If one takes the idea of amnesty and pardon for what some people term “illegal aliens,” one must also laugh to oneself at the silliness of the idea. According to Portes and Rumbaut, it should be American society, who often stands on a podium of intimidation and fear, who apologizes to all of the people she terms “illegal aliens” (Portes ; Rumbaut 32). The current issue of amnesty for undocumented immigrants (“illegal aliens”) is probably the most relevant contemporary example of abomination and xenophobia perpetuated on a foreign minority by prejudiced culture.