ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: immigration

As part of their contribution, the Chinese formed part of the labor that worked on the construction of the transcontinental railroad (Wandrei, 2015). Chinese immigrants were discriminated strongly as they represented a clear threat to the labor force of that time. Also, it was mentioned that Chinese undermined the good order of American culture. The U.S. Senate passed the Exclusion Act of 1882 which restricted the entry to all those who wanted to work, but allowed admittance to merchants, students, tourists, foreign diplomats and children of US citizens. Regardless the restrictions imposed by law, they were always able to manage their illegal entrance with the purchase of counterfeit documents (Chin, 2013).
Topic: immigration

, railways, tourism, farming and mining. I think it is important to mention that the workforce from abroad had a huge impact and were a dynamo in the U.S. economy during the nineteenth century. Also, I should add that no matter the discrimination to which they were exposed, immigrants had an established goal to better their quality of life. The boom of industrialization in American at the end of the 1800’s set the wheels in motion for the massive influx of immigrants. There were many factors that contributed to the exile of Europeans to America; among them we can enumerate the terrible famine, and the rapid growth of the European population. The Chinese got their initial entry into America during the gold rush. Chinese immigrants faced discrimination much harder than those of Europeans from racial slurs, even insults because of their appearance. The Chinese Exclusion Act was created to block further entrance of Chinese citizens to America.
Topic: immigration

Final act against immigration by the federal government was after the First World War when a quota system was created. This system greatly lowered the number of immigrants accepted into the U.S and promoted white immigrants over Eastern- European immigrants. (DOC H) The Literary Digest published a cartoon showing a funnel to represent the quotas and labeled the Cartoon, “The only way to handle it,” This act was supported by the public and was apart of the isolationist movement of the 1920s.
Topic: immigration

“Our compassion and fairness are a source of great pride for Canadians”, proudly stated by Citizenship and Immigration of Canada on its refugee system.There is no doubt that Canada has been a leader in refugee resettlement programs. Its outstanding and effective protection for Vietnamese “boat people” after Vietnam war gained Canada great respect from global community, and ever since, Canada is known as the most “refugee-friendly” country in the world. However, the past glory does not reflect in the status quo of Canada’s Syrian refugee resettlement.
Topic: immigration

Canadian government relies on private sponsors to achieve its resettlement goal, but the restriction that it imposes on sponsor groups clearly did not help with the situation. As a critical part of the bridge that connects refugees and Canadian government, the number of sponsors is significantly shrinking due to the backlog of files the offices are encountering. The downsizing of the sponsor groups will certainly lead to less opportunity for refugees in the light of escaping the war-torn country and coming to Canada.
Topic: immigration

The churches are not very pleased with government’s slow response. A recent survey shows that most religious groups are concerned about the long waiting period and the time to process the files after they are submitted, which can take up a year to two years. By contrast, Sweden has been very supportive and announced their new policies to fast track the refugee claims in order to save more lives. RatnaOmidvar of the Global Diversity and Migration Exchange commented, “Sweden’s commitment to refugees is remarkable, it is steadfast, it is admirable, it is outstanding…People look to you, not to Canada, as the moral guardians for the world”(Wagner). Some people may argue that Canada is taking a different approach to this issue. As Dana Wagner said, “a regional crisis needs a regional response.” Canada hasspent $630 million for humanitarian groups that are mostly based in the countries that share borders with Syria.
Topic: immigration

In that sense, Canada expected a lot more Syrians can be benefited from the direct and effective regional responses instead of waiting for the papers to be processed. However, Canada failed to realize that in most of the time, Syrians are not getting any better ways out in refugee camps because they are still trapped in war-zones and are seen as burdens to the host countries they fled to. The Turkey government labeled the refugees as “guests” who can only enjoy temporary protection;lack of housing, rapidly rising rents and unregistered Syrian businesses, all the problems that came along with influx of Syrians, irritated the local Turkish (Letsch). Imagine, you fled a place, which has no electricity, food or water but fear of being killed to a placewhere your family lives on odd jobs and small donations of citizens; the life may even be harsher, with the hostility you feel from the local community.“They react angrily. I am not comfortable here and if I could I would go somewhere else…I feel trapped”, said Abu Nour, after he was severely beaten by Turkish soldiers when he tried to cross the borders to enter Turkey (Letsch).
Topic: immigration

All these factors point out to a fact that pouring money on humanitarian aids instead of accepting more refugees does not seem to yield the results that Canada has expected. Are we still that compassionate, Canada? Not too long ago, in 2013, Canada responded to Typhoon Haiyan within 24 hours and promised to fast-track Filipino’s visa applications and 1,097 Filipinos were given residence permits within 6 months. In 2010, Canada fast-tracked 3,300 Haitian applications after a major earthquake in Haiti (Goodspeed). Canada is capable to welcome more than 1,300 refugees and fast-track the implications to rescue more suffering people, but it chose not to. No programs similar are provided for Syrian refugees.Instead, theapplication process is extremely frustrating for some desperate Syrian refugees.
Topic: immigration

If one missing address or telephone number is found on the application, the application will be returned to the applicant and after one and a half year waiting, the refugees are still hanging at the starting line, not even close to the finish line.As Immigration Minister Chris Alexander puts it, Canada has “to be careful in any part of the world where terrorist groups are operating”( …). Granted, there may be a few terrorists using the asylum system to enter Canada and create public panic and therefore security check is essential for society’s concerns, but to what extent we have to ignore the fact that a massive amount of Syrians are innocent people and victims of the terrorism. It is absurd that some tiny mistakes sometimes weigh over the life of a refugee and unacceptable to have double standard toward an ethnic group.
Topic: immigration

The financial choices we make impact our economy. Think of a recent item you purchased. What factors influenced your decision in making this purchase? Did this purchase impact your local economy? Explain why or why not. A recent item I purchased was a Patte Kode yesterday with a few friends after a SGA meeting. The factors that influenced me to buy that item were my hunger, the near location of the Haitian establishment to my school, the price, and past experience of buying the patty.
Topic: immigration

I haven’t experienced anything in my community from a global factor. But I have been noticing that the quarter is no longer worth what it used to be, I’m not sure if this is because of a global factor or just a national factor but no longer do I get what I used to for a quarter. Last week my family and I went washing at a local laundry matt, while we were removing our clothes from the washer getting ready to placed them in the drier we realized that now instead of getting 10 minutes of drying time for one quarter it was now only 8 minutes.
Topic: immigration

At first I didn’t think it was a major difference, I thought to myself, “Two minutes less oh well that’s not so bad”. It was until I put 75 cents into the machine I realized what a huge difference two minutes can be when multiplied. I was so annoyed because instead of putting three quarters in to dry my clothes I had to put four instead. In a way I felt cheated out of my quarter. In all with the drying of my clothes, my two sibling’s clothes, and my parent’s clothes we had to spend an extra $2- $2 that could have been spent on something else.
Topic: immigration

You are now familiar with government and how it plays a role in our economy. What are the advantages and disadvantages of governmental involvement? What changes would you make to improve government’s role? The advantages of governmental involvement in our economy are the regulations and limitations set for business- such as setting a standard for minimum wage, regulating working conditions, preventing the exploitation of workers, enforcement of workplace safety, setting pollution and environmental standards. I do not see any disadvantages with government involvement, governments are put into place to govern and protect their citizens, so in other words government involvement is a plus in our economic system because without it everything would be in turmoil.
Topic: immigration

In order for North America to operate as healthy economy, what do individuals need to do to contribute to the success of the country? How is our economy impacted when people make bad financial decisions? In order for North America to operate as healthy economy individual will need to be more finically conscience by making wise decisions in terms of how they spend and what they spend their money on. Also individuals need to be a part of the labor force to continue to be a part of the economy and help it keep it running smoothly by being a consumer and paying taxes that will then help implement free services for citizens. A recession is the effect when people make bad financial decisions, an increase in national debt, the removal or cutting funding for social services, and increased unemployment rates.
Topic: immigration

Immigration has its advantages and dis-advantages. Many people hold different views in regards to whether immigration is beneficial or not; these views will be expressed in this piece of writing. Immigration is somewhat beneficial to a country as immigrants can boost a countries economy. For example skilled and successful immigrants that reside in the UK pay taxes towards the running of the government therefore boost the economy. Highly educated immigrants are a benefit to a country as they can become things such as nurses, doctors, and teachers; this would benefit not only the country but the people of it.
Topic: immigration

Mosques were built in the UK by Muslims as a place for them to worship and Indian takeaways were established in the UK by Indians. Immigration can turn a country in to a multi-cultural society. The dis-advantages to immigration are that those who come to live in a country without any qualifications would be slowing down the economy of a country. The government would have to fend for the citizens of the country as well as the immigrants; putting a huge strain on the taxpayer.
Topic: immigration

In demography migration is defined as mechanical movement of population between two different territories, therefore, external immigration could be specified as moving from one’s own country to another. Intense global migration did not used to be very common; however, these days it has become an unquestionably frequent phenomenon. As many issues are attached, there are numerous both disadvantages and advantages of this reality. To begin with, there is a variety of reasons which motivates people to leave their native country. The most common is a desire for a better financial position. Furthermore, different factors might be, for instance, natural disasters, education or political issues. Since there are many immigrants who cross the country’s borders illegally, the major complication is undoubtedly their legality.
Topic: immigration

In many cases, these individuals who do not have proper documentation then fail to pay taxes, health and social insurance; in consequence, the country’s economy is being harmed. To be more precise, the country’s finances are mainly gained from taxes. As one might expect, people who avoid paying taxes cause a gap in the state’s budget. The economy then may suffer from a lack of resources; and as a result, the country is unable to provide welfare and services. Also securing individuals who do not actively work, in other words, do not make money, such as the elderly people, might become difficult. Another disadvantage may be assimilation problems which appear often in cases of differences in religion. Furthermore, if the migrants do not speak the host country’s native language, it is very difficult to adjust.
Topic: immigration

Therefore, in the beginnings, their life standard might be quite low not just economically but also, for instance, socially. Moreover, the opposite can also happen. Once the immigrants successfully assimilate with the natives, as a result, they or their children, as the second generation, may start to lose their cultural identity. As the population grows, there are fewer places to live in and fewer resources, which are being used more. This leads to a tremendous increase of the level of pollution, not only in atmosphere but also water. In other words, overpopulation might cause destruction of the environment. Migration is a process which is connected to several disadvantages. However, there may also be found many advantages. Immigrants bring cheap labour force and also often fill in the gaps at the labour market.
Topic: immigration

Before the advent of the nineteenth century, Argentina, like the rest of the Latin American region, had been under the rule of Spain. As such, its people had no clear cultural identification that would clearly pronounce their difference from their long-term colonizers (Chasteen and Wood 106). As a result of the colonization, many Europeans made permanent settlements in different areas in Buenos Aires and the rest of the country. One of the country’s most well known foreign-dominated communities is a settlement near the Riachuelo River, known as La Boca, of predominantly Italian residents1.
Topic: immigration

When Argentina gained independence in 1816, social conflicts arising from racial and cultural differences were aplenty. La Boca’s neighborhood exhibited this kind of struggle. Conflict in the community existed between the middle-class Italians and the underclass mestizo tenants of houses owned by the immigrants2. The Europeans were protective of their cultural identity and viewed the influx of a large underclass a threat to their heritage. When football became a popular culture in the country in the early twentieth century, the community gave rise to one of its own, the Club Atletico Boca Juniors3.
Topic: immigration

” International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 18 (2001): 97 2 La Boca and the Class Struggle Within La Boca, one of the barrios or neighborhood in Buenos Aires, the capital city of Argentina, is celebrated for its strong Italian heritage particularly the immigrants’ passion for arts, work ethics, and family traditions and values4. When you hear of these characteristics describing Italians, what comes to mind is a romanticized vision of a quaint neighborhood with smiling people and the smell of food permeating the air.
Topic: immigration

One wouldn’t imagine an ugly part of the picture. Indeed, when you walk through La Boca, you will see structures three story high and tall sidewalks made to protect the houses from the Riachuelo River floods. The smell of pastry and bread interspersed with the smell of sewage from the river5. What a newcomer wouldn’t know is how the middle-class Italian-Argentine resented the presence of a large group of mestizos in the area, who were poor and often from the rural areas and other countries, seeking better fortune in Buenos Aires, which was then a city with booming trade6.
Topic: immigration

For the large part, the immigrants distrusted these newcomers, owing to their darker coloring and uncultured ways. The immigrants believed that they pose a threat to La Boca’s Italian identity. Often, the migrants were the subjects of unrelenting discrimination. The boquenses, as these middle-class Italians were called, created ways to define their heritage to draw the line among those who belong and those who do not. One example of which is the boquenses’ characterization of the Italian-Argentine residents as the hardworking, honest lot, while the newcomers were delegated as being the lawless mestizos (Guano 362).
Topic: immigration

______________ 4. Emanuela Guano, “A Stroll Through la Boca: The Politics and Poetics of Spatial Experience in a Buenos Aires. ” Space & Culture Vol. 6 (2003): 356. 5. Ibid. 360. 6. J. A. Mangan, “The Early Evolution of Modern Sport in Latin America: A Mainly English Middle-Class Inspiration? ” International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 18 (2001): 21. 3 In the later years, the children of these immigrants strove for assimilation in the society. Instead of just being immigrants, they wanted to become full Argentines.
Topic: immigration

Although the electoral process was modified to grant them Argentine status, they were still basically outsiders7. This is one of the struggles that the community’s soccer club was able to overcome. The Advent of Soccer and the Search for a National Identity in Argentina To understand better the social conflict in La Boca, it is important to understand how this kind of class division existed in Buenos Aires and all throughout Argentina; and how the nation as a whole found a common anchor not through any political means, but by what started to be a European form of entertainment.
Topic: immigration

The nineteenth century Latin America was a region of class conflict, diplomatic turmoil, capitalist exploitation, social inequality and political paranoia (Mangan 35). Great Britain was the primary force in Latin America, taking the place of Spain and Portugal but in a different manner. The Britons were no colonizers to these races. Instead, it forged a strong economic relationship with the region. Argentina at that time had a booming enterprise comparable to those of Australia, Canada and the United States (Mangan 12). As a result of Britain and Argentina’s economic ties, some Englishmen settled in the country.
Topic: immigration

To keep their ties to their motherland, the English started playing their own sports with no other major purpose than for their own enjoyment. Generally, the Britons kept to themselves. It was only during sports activities that they were in close cultural and social contact ______________ 7. Matthew B. Karush, “National Identity in the Sports Pages: Football and the Mass Media in 1920s. ” Academy of American Franciscan History Vol. 60 (2003): 12. 4 with the Argentines. The establishment of English sports in Argentina, in the long run, had significant cultural outcome (Mangan 13).
Topic: immigration

Argentine soccer had its beginnings in 1867 when the Buenos Aires Football Club was established by Thomas and James Hogg whose father was from Yorkshire, England. The association had its first game in June 20 of the same year, with all the players being British. The Argentine Football Club was founded in 1893, with Alexander Watson Hutton being its first president, later dubbed as the Father of Argentine Soccer (Mangan 26). Boca Junior was formed in 1905 and has held up until the present its base in the Italian barrio of La Boca alongside the port in Buenos Aires (Duke and Crolley 97).
Topic: immigration

Of all the sports that were introduced in Argentina, it was football that captured the heart of the masses. It gave them the chance to forget their troubles and create opportunities for pleasure and illusion8. In the early years of the sport, there two kinds of associations. One was the all-English clubs that value sportsmanship and fair play, while the other was comprised of local players who played to win. While the English clubs practiced in schools, the other teams practiced in the streets and on wide stretches of vacant lands. This disparity in their learning is perhaps what created the difference in how they play9.
Topic: immigration

During the 1920s, a new distinctive, urban culture in Buenos Aires emerged. Football and tango transformed into the highest representations of being Argentinidad (Karush 11). Football was seen by the government as the unifying force to create homogeneity among the Argentine masses and the foreign-born working class who, despite their assimilation in the ______________ 8. J. A. Mangan, “The Early Evolution of Modern Sport in Latin America: A Mainly English Middle-Class Inspiration? ” International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 18 (2001): 35. 9.
Topic: immigration

Vic Duke and Liz Crolley, “Futbol, Politicians and the People: Populism and Politics in Argentina. ” International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 18 (2001): 97 5 society, often found themselves not fully belonging. Though football started as a popular culture, it later turned into a stepping-stone for the process of hegemonic nation building10. How Boca Juniors Affected La Boca The national identity images advocated by the new mass culture in the 1920s did not necessarily made Argentina’s population with differing interests turn into a harmonious community11.
Topic: immigration

But at least in La Boca, the Italian immigrants found something in common with the migrant mestizos. Where once there were distinct boundaries established between the classes, that division did not manifest in the sports club. For once, the Boca Juniors association represented the community as a whole. The sport, being of English origin, made Italians and non-Italians both outsiders, thus fostering a common bond between them. More importantly, the club provided the younger immigrants a chance to fully assimilate in the Argentine society, without being differentiated.
Topic: immigration

Boca Juniors was not about the diversity in the community, but rather about the community as a whole. Boca Junior became the center of sporting, political and social aspects of the barrio where it was based. It came to represent the community and helped the children of the immigrant population get integrated into mainstream Argentine society (Duke and Crolley 97). The club after rejecting any other name, chose Boca to express the strong affinity they have with their neighborhood. Boca, literally means, mouth of the river. Juniors, on the other hand, showed that
Topic: immigration

10. Matthew B. Karush, “National Identity in the Sports Pages: Football and the Mass Media in 1920s. ” Academy of American Franciscan History Vol. 60 (2003): 12. 11. Ibid. 32 6 they consider themselves children of the barrio. In short, the Boca Juniors stand for Children of the La Boca neighborhood, dispelling any cultural classification between the middle class Italian immigrants and the lower class rural folks. But not only was Boca Junior a unifying force for its local community, it also established Argentina’s reputation in the world sporting community.
Topic: immigration

The turning point in the country’s recognition as a football great came in the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam when Boca Juniors won a silver12. Before that, Boca Juniors in 1925 made the famous tour of Europe that served as a foundation of Argentina’s reputation in the football field. The team had a goal — to show that they could play without too much violent contact, and at the same time win. Boca Juniors showed and astonished Europeans with their elegant and fluid movements, total control of the ball, masterful dribbling and the acrobatic, spectacular and artistic movements13.
Topic: immigration

People changed their names. August Bjőrkegren decided to be called Burk, and Andry Blumberg, Kelly. There were matters in which they wished to be like others, undistinguished from anyone else, but they never hit upon the means of becoming so. In truth, these people found it difficult to know what were “American forms” they were expected to take on. What they did know was that they had not succeeded, that they had not established themselves to the extent that they could expect to be treated as if they belonged where they were.
Topic: immigration

The Immigrants were constantly treated immorally and blamed for the disorders in the country. They were first accused of poverty. Indeed to citizens, the ghettos were altogether alien territory associated with filth and crime. American social scientists approached their subject through the analysis of specific disorders such as criminality, intemperance, poverty, and disease. Everywhere they looked, they found immigrants somehow involved in these problems. They concluded that immigrants were responsible for every evil that falls upon the country: pauperism, economic depressions, and the low birth rate of natives, class divisions, prostitution and homosexuality, and the appearance of city slums. A violent anti-Chinese movement had developed in California in 1873 and categorized Chinese with Blacks and Indians, which led to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.
Topic: immigration

The newcomers were also accused of congregating together in their own groups and of an unwillingness to mix with outsiders. Employment advertisements like “NO IRISH NEED APPLY” were common in limiting immigrants’ belonging to America. In politics, also there were occasions on which the activities of the new citizens met the hostility of the old natives. Immigrants felt an undertone of acrimony in every contact with an official. Men in uniform always found them unworthy of respect; the police were their capital fear of the law; the postmen made foreign writing on their letters; the streetcar conductors laughed at their requests for directions. The U.S. would move in new directions of its own because its people were a new people.
Topic: immigration

“To be well in your mind you have first to be free” (Cleave 147). This quote taken from Little Bee not only grasps an evident theme in the novel but it also briefly identifies how the main character Little Bee struggles for freedom from society, her past, and ultimately herself. The novel is set in modern day Nigeria and the UK, where Nigeria is in the midst of an oil crisis and is struggling to keep it covert from the rest of the world.
Topic: immigration

After seeing the murder of her entire village and family, Little Bee suffers from panic attacks, flashbacks, and nightmares as responses to her trauma. “Sometimes immediately, and sometimes after brief or even extended delay, most of us will experience intense feelings and symptoms related to the traumatic event” (“Responses to Trauma”). This is manifested through Little Bee’s behaviour in the detention centre. Also mentioned how insomnia, hyper vigilance about safety, and suicidal tendencies are common symptoms of post-traumatic stress.
Topic: immigration

Little Bee recalls, “For the first six months in the detention center, I screamed every night and in the day I imagined a thousand ways to kill myself” (Cleave 47). These behaviors demonstrate common responses to traumatic events as outlined in the Institute of Maryland article. Thoughts and attempts of suicide are not uncommon occurrences at immigration detention centres throughout the UK. An article on Women who seek asylum in the UK states “… the emotional impact of refusal was also revealed: more than half of women refused asylum had contemplated suicide” (Radice, “Women Seeking Asylum in UK: Have We Lost Our Sense Of Humanity”).
Topic: immigration

Furthermore, after Little Bee’s life is saved by Sarah, she is forced to standby as her sister is raped by Nigerian soldiers and then brutally killed. She is permanently affected by this event and develops a constant fear of men. Cleave writes: I made myself undesirable … Under my clothes I wound a wide strip of cotton around my chest, to make my breasts small and flat… I rummaged through the cartons to find clothes that hid my shape … I went to the detention nurse and asked her to cut my hair very short. For the whole two years I did not smile or even look in any man’s face.
Topic: immigration

I was terrified. (7) Little Bee is immediately changed by what she has witnessed and is lead to believe that all men are dangerous and intend to hurt her. Even after being released she still fears that “the men” will come and get her and take her back to Nigeria. These thoughts and feelings are expressed many tomes throughout the novel. “Avoidance of triggers or reminders of the trauma: Given the intensity of your feelings when you are reminded of the trauma, it is only natural to avoid such triggers” (“Responses to Trauma”).
Topic: immigration

Little Bee’s feelings and behaviours are normal responses to trauma as they are a way for the victim to avoid the cause of the traumatic event. The behaviours displayed by Little Bee as a result of her trauma are very realistic to how any person who has experienced such things would behave. Little Bee’s response to trauma is to distance herself from triggers and reminders of what caused her pain. However, this internal conflict which pushes her to escape Nigeria, then leads Little Bee into a much more complex issue between her and British society as an illegal immigrant.
Topic: immigration

With certain death awaiting her in Nigeria, Little Bee is forced to leave and then finds herself detained in Black Hill Immigration Detention Centre for two years as an asylum seeker. Only after she is released accidentally does Little Bee realize that there was no other way they would have let her go otherwise. “‘dere is only one place where de proper procedure ends, and dat is de-por-tay-SHUN’…‘But we can’t work if we’re illegal Yevette. We can’t earn money. We can’t live’” (Cleave 73).
Topic: immigration

During this conversation with Yevette, (a Jamaican refugee who is responsible for their release) Little Bee not only comes to acknowledge that Yevette did her a favour but also realizes the restrictions that have been put on her life due to the fact she is now illegal. In addition for Little Bee to be detained for such an extended period of time was also not uncommon during these years, as the conditions by which she would be granted asylum were very tedious. “Women who were victims of sexual assault did not qualify. At best their abuse was seen as merely incidental to the political repression” (“Women and War Crimes”).
Topic: immigration

Hence, Little Bee’s claim as being merely a witness of mass murder and rape would not have qualified in the least for asylum much like a situation that reached the VANGUARD newspaper in the UK. “May Brown, a seventeen-year-old college student, fled to Britain from her home country three years ago after witnessing her father’s murder and being subjected to sexual abuse … However, despite her marriage her application was rejected” (“All Africa”). Many immigrants who landed in the UK around these years were either deported swiftly or detained in mass numbers, overpopulating detention centres.
Topic: immigration

“By 2009, the UK had the capacity to confine some 3000 people in immigration detention facilities…Approximately 26000 people were detained under Immigration Act powers in 2010” (“ United Kingdom Detention Profile” ). By illegally living in the UK Little Bee remains in constant fear she will be found out and deported. This causes her to hide in Sarah’s home and to isolate herself from the outside world. “‘I thought we could go into London. ’ I dropped my hands back down on the blankets. I said, ‘I like it here. ’ Sarah shook her head. ‘These are the suburbs, nothing ever happens here.
Topic: immigration

’ I said, ‘That’s why I like it’” (Cleave 210). Little Bee does not want to risk being found by the police upon leaving the safety of the suburbs, because she knows she will certainly face deportation. The hiding and lying essentially transforms Little Bee into a criminal in the very country where she seeks refuge. However, she eventually agrees to go to London, and what she fears most, ultimately happens. Little Bee’s deportation is yet another example of Cleave’s effective way of mirroring a fictional story with the reality of illegal immigrants in the UK.
Topic: immigration

Real-life situations of immigrants from crisis-torn countries such as Nigeria are accurately portrayed through the character of Little Bee and how she is both affected psychologically and socially by the events of her past. Chris Cleave achieves this through the intertwining story of Little Bee and how her life is influenced by the horrors she faces. As a novel, Little Bee allows for a unique insight on the perspectives of a Nigerian village girl, and how her life is changed socially and psychologically by her experiences.
Topic: immigration

Born in 1940 and raised in Calcutta, India, Bharati Mukherjee immigrated to the United States in 1961 and earned an M. F. A. and a Ph. D. in literature. Mukherjee is the author of several novels, including Tiger’s Daughter (1972) and Jasmine (1989), and short story collections, such as The Middleman and Other Stories (1988). She teaches literature and fiction writing at the University of California, Berkeley. “Two Ways to Belong in America” first appeared in the New York Times. It was written to address a movement in Congress to take away government benefits from resident aliens.
Topic: immigration

Like her fiction, though, it is also about the issues that confront all immigrants in America. This is a tale of two sisters from Calcutta, Mira and Bharati, who have lived in the United States 1 for some 35 years, but who find themselves on different sides in the current debate over the status of immigrants. I am an American citizen and she is not. I am moved that thousands of long-term residents are finally taking the oath of citizenship.
Topic: immigration

Mira still lives in Detroit, works in the Southfield, Mich. , school system, and has become 4 nationally recognized for her contributions in the fields of pre-school education and parent-teacher relationships. After 36 years as a legal immigrant in this country, she clings passionately to her Indian citizenship and hopes to go home to India when she retires. In Iowa City in 1963, I married a fellow student, an American of Canadian parentage. Because 5 of the accident of his North Dakota birth, I bypassed labor-certification requirements and the race-related “quota” system that favored the applicant’s country of origin over his or her merit.
Topic: immigration

I was prepared for (and even welcomed) the emotional strain that came with marrying outside my ethnic community. In 33 years of marriage, we have lived in every part of North America. By choosing a husband who was not my father’s selection, I was opting for fluidity, self-invention, blue jeans, and T-shirts, and renouncing 3,000 years (at least) of caste-observant, “pure culture” marriage in the Mukherjee family. My books have often been read as unapologetic (and in some quarters overenthusiastic) texts for cultural and psychological “mongrelization. ” It’s a word I celebrate. Mira and I have stayed sisterly close by phone.
Topic: immigration

In our regular Sunday morning conversations, 6 we are unguardedly affectionate. I am her only blood relative on this continent. We expect to see each other through the looming crises of aging and ill health without being asked. Long before Vice President Gore’s “Citizenship U. S. A. ” drive, we’d had our polite arguments over the ethics of retaining an overseas citizenship while expecting the permanent protection and economic benefits that come with living and working in America. Like well-raised sisters, we never said what was really on our minds, but we probably pitied 7 one another.
Topic: immigration

She, for the lack of structure in my life, the erasure of Indianness, the absence of an unvarying daily core. I, for the narrowness of her perspective, her uninvolvement with the mythic depths or the superficial pop culture of this society. But, now, with the scapegoatings of “aliens” (documented or illegal) on the increase, and the targeting of long term legal immigrants like Mira for new scrutiny and new self-consciousness, she and I find ourselves unable to maintain the same polite discretion. We were always unacknowledged adversaries, and we are now, more than ever, sisters.
Topic: immigration

“I feel used,” Mira raged on the phone the other night. “I feel manipulated and discarded. This 8 is such an unfair way to treat a person who was invited to stay and work here because of her talent. My employer went to the LN. S. and petitioned for the labor certification. For over 30 years, I’ve invested my creativity and professional skills into the improvement of this country’s preschool system. I’ve obeyed all the rules, I’ve paid my taxes, I love my work, I love my students, I love the friends I’ve made. How dare America now change its rules in midstream?
Topic: immigration

If America wants to make new rules curtailing benefits of legal immigrants, they should apply only to immigrants who arrive after those rules are already in place. ” To my ears, it sounded like the description of a long-enduring, comfortable yet loveless 9 marriage, without risk or recklessness. Have we the right to demand, and to expect, that we be loved? (That, to me, is the subtext of the arguments by immigration advocates. ) My sister is an expatriate, professionally generous and creative, socially courteous and gracious, and that’s as far as her Americanization can go. She is here to maintain an identity, not to transform it.
Topic: immigration

I asked her if she would follow the example of others who have decided to become citizens 10 because of the anti-immigration bills in Congress. And here, she surprised me. “If America wants to play the manipulative game, I’ll play it, too,” she snapped. “I’ll become a U. S. citizen for now, then change back to India when I’m ready to go home. I feel some kind of irrational attachment to India that I don’t to America. Until all this hysteria against legal immigrants, I was totally happy. Having my green card meant I could visit any place in the world I wanted to and then come back to a job that’s satisfying and that I do very well. “
Topic: immigration

In one family, from two sisters alike as peas in a pod, there could not be a wider divergence of 11 immigrant experience. America spoke to me-I married it-I embraced the demotion from expatriate aristocrat to immigrant nobody, surrendering those thousands of years of “pure culture,” the saris, the delightfully accented English. She retained them all. Which of us is the freak? Mira’s voice, I realize, is the voice not just of the immigrant South Asian community but of 12 an immigrant community of the millions who have stayed rooted in one job, one city, one house, one ancestral culture, one cuisine, for the entirety of their productive years.
Topic: immigration

She speaks for greater numbers than I possibly can. Only the fluency of her English and the anger, rather than fear, born of confidence from her education, differentiate her from the seamstresses, the domestics, the technicians, the shop owners, the millions of hard-working but effectively silenced documented immigrants as well as their less fortunate “illegal” brothers and sisters. Nearly 20 years ago, when I was living in my husband’s ancestral homeland of Canada, I was 13 always well-employed but never allowed to feel part of the local Quebec or larger Canadian society.
Topic: immigration

Then, through a Green Paper that invited a national referendum on the unwanted side effects of “nontraditional” immigration, the government officially turned against its immigrant communities, particularly those from South Asia. I felt then the same sense of betrayal that Mira feels now. I will never forget the pain of that 14 sudden turning, and the casual racist outbursts the Green Paper elicited. That sense of betrayal had its desired effect and drove me, and thousands like me, from the country.
Topic: immigration

Mira and I differ, however, in the ways in which we hope to interact with the country that we 15 have chosen to live in. She is happier to live in America as expatriate Indian than as an immigrant American. I need to feel like a part of the community I have adopted (as I tried to feel in Canada as well). I need to put roots down, to vote and make the difference that I can. The price that the immigrant willingly pays, and that the exile avoids, is the trauma of
Topic: immigration

Many only stay immigrants, come to the United States and return to his/her origin either on their own or through deportation. Few actually have the chance of becoming settlers and staying in the US for years to come. For undocumented immigrants, crossing the border is a territorial passage that can be divided into three important phases: separation from the known social group or society, transition (the liminal phase), and incorporation into the new social group or society (Chavez, 4-5).
Topic: immigration

Immigrants only want enough money for survival and provide basic living needs for their families. Another motive for separation, seeking “the Immigrant’s dream” relates to “the American dream” to gain upward mobility and more economic opportunities. Other motives involves females who want to continue relationship connections with men follow them to the US, or some even want to flee from existing relationships, family conflicts or simply out for adventure and satisfy curiosity (Chavez 21-39).
Topic: immigration

Chavez presents a clear fair look at the ruthless and often unsafe life of undocumented immigrants primarily in Southern California. Chavez holds the reader through precise description of people who stay on the borders of American society for fear of deportation. Their stories are moving; their persistence astonishing. North American readers will be reminiscent of just how confined and privileged they are by the good quality of living in America. An ought to read for anybody trying to comprehend the complication of illegal colonization or in the location to make strategy on the topic.
Topic: immigration

Add to that the consequent flows of immigration, the need of tolerance towards minority groups and their increasing financial stability and travelling opportunities which make it possible to keep in touch with their home countries – what emerges from it is a group of foreign people who do not identify themselves with the (more and more shallowing) interests of their host-country but start strongly representing the real or conceptional interests of their real home countries, and, doing so, they can even endanger the host country. This is the phenomenon in connection with the minority groups Huntington calls diasporas.
Topic: immigration

The decline of American foreign policy has caused another world-wide phenomenon: the US being thought of as a large, friendly dog: the country is accepted as a potentially dangerous one, but is regarded not so dangerous as to be influential enough. The losing on influence can also be considered as another sign of weakening. This is, at least, what other countries perceive from “the changing nature of the American power.”(Huntington) This change from the hard (military, financial, political) kind of power to the soft (business, food, technology) kind of power has created a change of directions, too: it rather attracts people, business and interests than drives them away. This is very clearly shown by the figures of 1963 and 1997 in the Huntington article.
Topic: immigration

The defence and/or the (re)creation of national interests will make a change in policy necessary and inevitable, which will involve the reduction of the number of immigrants to be accepted into the country – obviously risking, that the US will cease to be regarded as “Wonderland” by the rest of the world. Yet, if the US wants to keep her unity in the long run, she will have to replace the dangerous particularism with safer restraint, and, once people can believe the advantages of this reasonable solution, the US will get a chance to avoid the fate of all the previous hegemonies of history.
Topic: immigration

There are many different results from the vast amount of immigration into Mexico City. One of the most important results is the pollution and the effort it has to the environment. The physical landscape of Mexico City limits pollutants released everyday within the city. Cold air flowing down from the mountains pushes and traps the pollution into a bowl shaped area formed by mountain ridges around the city. Although the elevation of the city is averaged at 2240m above sea level, the two mountains surrounding the Mexico City exceed 5000m in height. When combined with the forty-five thousand factories the city has, the air is so poisonous that 98% of the people suffer from inflammation of the nasal passage. Seventeen thousand tons of pollution is produced everyday. The amount of smoke when breathing the air in Mexico City in one day is equivalent to smoking sixty cigarettes. The leaded fuel is giving Mexico City citizens high lead blood level.
Topic: immigration

The cost of living in Mexico is around the cost of living in the U.S. On the other hand, even with the parent working sixteen hours a day, the income for the family is nowhere near what is needed. Children are forced to work because there is not enough income in the family to support everyone. By leaving their education to go to work, the children will lose their future. Often, the female will get pregnant as young as fourteen and fifteen and then their children will go through the same process; it has turned into a cycle.
Topic: immigration

Unless the new migrants are lucky and have a place to live in, most of the new migrants do not have a place to live in, they will build more houses to start new housing for themselves. In doing so, the size and shape of Mexico City increases more and more, making transportation harder and also creating more pollution. Also, in this case, many houses and building are not properly made and residents lack safe drinking water, underground sewers, or utilities. Sixty percent of the population is living in illegal settlement areas.
Topic: immigration

There are a number of ways already suggested and being used to help Mexico City become a better environment. For the natural environment, the government has placed a law for the family owned cars to be driven for three days and then stop for one. In this case, the richer families bought more cars so they can drive it any day of the week. By doing this, those families create an even worst environment because of the cars that need to be built and manufactured. Another approach to a cleaner environment is to have new buses that are cleaner and more efficient. In recent years, the government is making stricter rules to reinforce the importance of the problems of the pollution.
Topic: immigration

By the first decade of the twentieth century immigrants constituted almost sixty-six percent of the total inflow of people into urban America, and America had officially made its reputation as the melting pot of the world. Consequently this rise in immigration resulted in a rise of American nativism. American values, the lack of jobs, World War I, and II are just a fraction of the things that enhanced nativism in America between 1900 and 1930.
Topic: immigration

Many Americans resented the fact that a majority of immigrants never really intended to become Americans and were merely in their country to earn money before they returned home to their families. Due to the fact that there was such a great inflow of immigrants there was always a lack of jobs, and many immigrants were considered to be strike breakers, as they would be called in to take jobs when worker had gone on strike. The resentment that American’s felt towards immigrants would be amplified when they were unable to find a job, or wages were lowered because there were so many people willing to work for a small wage.