ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: immigration

It could be argued that these persons, who participated in cultural administrations, lived in metropolis with many other Indian-Americans and held white-collar occupations had the elements that make selective socialization possible, like a strong cultural web, within reasonably easy range. However, they still demonstrate selective socialization by their religion and committedness to facets of each civilization. Besides, this usage of bi-culturalisim to seek to do the mainstream civilization more accepting, clearly shows the strengths and positive facets of selective socialization.
Topic: immigration

These schools teach kids and striplings about their parents ‘ linguistic communication and civilization, and in making so, the schools are furthering regard and understanding for their parents ‘ ways, which serves to diminish kids ‘s embarrassment of their parents and tenseness and struggle ( acculturational disagreement ) . They are besides giving the immature people safe infinite for them to associate to other kids who may be sharing similar experiences both at place and in the outside universe. In these two ways, the schools are seeking to promote the formation of a confident cultural individuality in a universe that where they may see favoritism, bias or even invisibleness and aid to maintain the parent-child balance healthy.
Topic: immigration

Although the writer does non advert selective socialization specifically, I assert that these schools are actively rehearsing this scheme. Zhou includes the schools ‘ advertizements as found in local newspapers, in her article. One reads: ‘Our end is to learn our kids born and raised in the United States Korean civilization and linguistic communication so that they grow up being proud American citizens. ‘ Another reads, ‘We strive to promote pupils to care for Chinese civilization and heritage, Foster and heighten friendly relationship among Chinese-American Community. ‘ ( Zhou 2006 )
Topic: immigration

There is a downside to these schools is that the parents have high aspirations and outlooks of academic accomplishment for their kids, and although success in this country will increase the societal capital of their kids and the cultural community, sometimes the force per unit area can be excessively great or a immature individual may non be able to execute to the criterions. This could do acculturational disagreement signified by struggle with the parents and rebellion and could ensue in exposure to packs or self-destruction. Despite this, it is argued that there would be adolescent rebellion with or without the schools, so it is better to direct kids to them and trust that they at least win academically.
Topic: immigration

Zhou stresses that these schools are an illustration of “ cultural societal construction ” . They are “ touchable ” structures that support the “ intangible ” elements of the cultural community. These cultural societal constructions are critical for the cultural community ‘s to do any significant promotion in society and can account for the academic accomplishment of many 2nd coevals Chinese and Koreans. Additionally, the schools are founded by the grownups purportedly for the immature coevals, but they besides give the grownups every bit good as the kids a safe infinite to prosecute in their ain civilization and construct ties, therefore heightening the cultural community ( Zhou 2006 ) . Zhou is besides careful to observe that Chinese and Korean immigrants have besides been helped by their pre and station migration center to high socio-economic standing and human capital. However, this illustration shows the pertinence of selective socialization as a feasible socialization scheme, and shows particularly that the scheme depends on the being of strong cultural community. Zhou 2006, Portes and Rumbaut 2001,
Topic: immigration

My following instance survey discusses the antecedently reviewed cross-cultural psychological science theory by Berry, which is based upon similar rules as selective socialization. The article “ Culture, Hybridity and the Dialogical Self: Cases from the South Asiatic Diaspora ” by Sunil Bhatia and Anjali Ram criticises the former theoretical account, but I will merely convey up unfavorable judgments that could besides potentially use to selective socialization every bit good. These writers use two South Asia adult female writers, Sayantini DasGupta and Surina Khan ‘s ain Hagiographas as the focal point of their survey, and assert that for South Asiatic 2nd coevals adult females, socialization is a dynamic procedure, instead than outcome, and moves back and Forth between many different “ voices ” , instead than giving rise to a individual, even if multifaceted individuality.
Topic: immigration

To get down, Bhatia argues that the four types of socialization results ( assimilation, marginalization, segregation and integrating ) and their supposed cosmopolitan quality are an over-simplification that miss out the multiplicities and fluidnesss of individuality and individuality formation. These unfavorable judgments could besides be made of selective socialization scheme, as although it does take into history many variables, including the factor of clip ( that individualities are non inactive, but alteration over clip ( Portes and Rumbaut, 154-157 ) , the scheme does non take into history such things as gender, non-nationally edge civilizations, multiple-layer issues such as the combination of gender and race, the non-linear, non-chronological nature of socialization, the heterogeneousness of the place civilization or the fact that many 2nd coevals immigrants will hold several civilizations, either deducing from their parents coming from different civilizations, or from the battalion of young person civilizations that mainstream America offers ( Bhatia and Ram 2004 ) . I will turn to two of these factors.
Topic: immigration

In mention to the intersection of gender and race, the writers argue that South Asiatic American adult females face ethnicity based favoritism in the wider society and gendered inequality in their ain community ( Mani 1994, cited in Bhatia and Ram 2004 ) . One of the writers on whom this survey was wrote, DasGupta, wrote that turning up as a “ brown ” miss in a largely white community, she faced the multiple troubles of non being able to achieve to white criterions of beauty, being racialised and besides being perceived as both alien and repressed. She internalised and struggled with being both “ ugly ” and “ alien ” ( DasGupta 1998, cited in Bhatia and Ram 2004 ) . Her individuality is constructed through the frequently painful battle, competition and dialogue of these assorted cultural “ voices ” . The many messages she receives from the outside universe and her ain community make it impossible for an individuality to take form by unifying the best parts of each civilization together ( Bhatia and Ram 2004 ) . Additionally, Bhatia and Ram argue that socialization should non be measured as an accomplishable result but be seen as an on-going procedure. It could be argued from the point of position of selective socialization theory, possibly this individuality formation would hold been smoother if the writer had had a strong cultural community to assist steer her through the hurting of the racism she experienced.
Topic: immigration

The other writer in the survey, Surina Khan, is from a Pakistani background and throughout her formative old ages embraced being American every bit much as possible, and tried to free herself of her Pakistani civilization. In her early maturity she came out to her female parent as a tribade, which was greeted with a non-acceptance and even warned her that she may be met with force if the cultural community should happen out. This pushed Khan to wholly break up ties with her Pakistani ego and to see her sapphic individuality as intertwined with her American individuality. Bhatia and Ram suggest that the motion between her American, Pakistani and sapphic individualities show that civilization and individuality can be seen as moving, blending and fluid ( 2004 ) .
Topic: immigration

Most significantly, this shows the failing of selective socialization, because for some people it is merely non possible to take the best of both civilizations because sometimes the civilizations wholly conflict and are non at all compatible. The first topic in Bhatia ‘s survey, her cultural individuality could non blossom easy because of all the negativeness thrust upon it by the biass of the outside universe that she internalised and therefore had a complicated way to her individuality formation. For the 2nd topic, a immense portion of her individuality was in direct resistance and struggle to her place civilization and hence her multiple individualities could be non merged or used to her advantage.
Topic: immigration

Kurien notes that Indian Americans are an understudied group but more attending demands to be focussed on them as they are in a alone place among other immigrant groups ( Kibria 2002, 3 cited in Kurien. ) They are classified as Asiatic American but frequently do n’t fall under that umbrella term in other contexts as it is normally reserved for East Asians and their racial individuality is more equivocal than other groups.
Topic: immigration

Religion, frequently ignored in selective socialization literature plays an of import function in supplying immature people with cognition and value of their parents ‘ place civilization and supplying an cultural community, both of which contribute to the procedure of individuality formation. Furthermore, first coevals Indians frequently identify by their faith instead than an cultural or racial individuality but 2nd coevals Indian Americans must come to footings with all three of these markers. Additionally, Hinduism is a faith which is small understood by mainstream Americans ( Kurien 2005 ) .
Topic: immigration

Kurien notes that reactive ethnicity when combined with faith can take to extremist or puritanical stances on the faith. She notes that it is of import to see how multiculturalism affects individuality formation as it requires people, particularly on American university campuses, to hold a public self-identity. Multiculturalism encourages selective socialization which in bend ‘legitimises the look of “ heritage saving ” and “ cultural pride ” but besides of “ cultural exploitation ” ‘ ( Kurien, 2005 ) .
Topic: immigration

Indian Americans in her survey were drawn to the Hindu nines on their university campuses either in response to racism in the broader society, to construct a sense of community with other Hindus, or to merely larn more about Hinduism. The topics of the survey adopted either a tolerant multicultural attack of Hinduism or a hawkish, chauvinistic attack ( Kurien 2004, cited in Kurien 2005 ) . Kurien found that the pro-Hindu topics in her survey had frequently experienced favoritism, but they had besides been brought up in families where they were educated about their faith and civilization, and this early exposure had made their faith emotionally important and cardinal to their individuality. Therefore, if they later experient negative attitudes towards their faith, it produced a religiously-based reactive individuality. The moderate pupils had grown up in households that did non travel out of their manner to learn cultural and spiritual ways and the pupils did non describe feelings of marginalization or racialisation, and in fact joined the Hindu groups in order to larn more about their faith and interact with other Hindus.
Topic: immigration

Those in her survey that were good educated in their ain civilization, were quicker to see favoritism and feel marginalised than those who were non taught explicitly about their faith at place. It could signal that actively being taught about civilization could about increase the opportunities of a reactive ethnicity. However, it is non the acute sense of favoritism that is the job, is is the favoritism itself. Kurien stressed that the multicultural society demands to turn to the constructions of inequality and racism or there will go on to be reactive, nationalist cabals of the society ( Kurien 2005. )
Topic: immigration

This survey shows how faith, as a immense factor in individuality formation, can intensify the already hard procedure of individuality formation based on two nationhoods or civilizations to take from, and can besides supply another signifier of reactive individuality. It besides shows how fluctuation can be in individuality formation, based on the cultural instruction received at place from a immature age. This survey shows the failings of selective socialization as a scheme because Portes and Rumbaut did non take history of faith or the degrees of household instruction of civilization.
Topic: immigration

I have described the the chief socialization schemes that come out of the metameric assimilation theory and how they fit into the paradigm of multiculturalism, and have described selective socialization and it ‘s environing political relations in item. I have besides touched upon a comparative theory in a different subject. Using a scope of instance surveies, I have shown the strengths and failings of the socialization scheme recommended by Sublime portes and Rumbaut: selective socialization.
Topic: immigration

It ‘s chief failing it ‘s deficiency of acknowledgment of complexnesss in individuality formation. Although Portes and Rumbaut discuss issues of socio-economic category ( 2001 ) they do non turn to the multiple beds of favoritism, such as the intersections of race, gender, ethnicity and faith. Nor does selective socialization take into history the possibilities that individuality is non-linear, fluid and dynamic and that it could be seen as a procedure, instead than an accomplishable result.
Topic: immigration

The instance surveies besides show the importance of a strong cultural community. In each survey, the presence of deficiency of a community had a great impact on the ability or inability or grade of trouble in utilizing selective socialization. For illustration, we see the importance of a strong cultural community assisting selective socialization to work successfully in the instance of Chinese and Korean 2nd coevals ‘s auxiliary instruction. However, in the instance discussed in Bhatia and Ram ‘s article, an South Asia adult female who grew up in a chiefly white community was challenged badly by racism and did non hold a protective community “ normalise ” her self-image or usher her through.
Topic: immigration

The most of import result of comparing these diverse instance surveies show that the scheme of selective socialization works best if a individual has two civilizations that have some grade of compatibility to each other. The Korean and Chinese linguistic communication schools work because they celebrated academic accomplishment and promotion in life which is appreciated by both their place and American civilizations. Likewise, Dhingra ‘s article, “ Committed to Ethnicity, Committed to America ” shows how Indian Americans are encompassing and uniting what they perceive as the best of both their civilizations, their Indian ethnicity and American individuality. In contrast, Kurien ‘s article about Hindu Indian Americans showed that spiritual individuality complicated the theory and usage of the scheme. Finally, the scheme is shown to be about useless in the instance of the Pakistani-American adult female who was non able to unwrap allow entirely show her sapphic individuality to her ain household and cultural community, doing her two civilizations incompatible and therefore doing rupture of her place civilization. The success of selective socialization hence depends on a strong cultural community and how the facets of your individuality are accepted by both civilizations.
Topic: immigration

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS IN BRATISLAVA Faculty of International Relations Multiculturalism in Society: The French Issue (assessed work) Table of Contents Introduction3 1 Definitions and different points of view on multiculturalism in the world4 2 Multicultural background of the French society5 2. 1 Socio-political regime in France6 2. 2French racism7 2. 3 Discrimination in French society8 3Challenges and crisis of multiculturalism in France10 Conclusion13 Bibliography14 Introduction
Topic: immigration

The term itself emerged in the 1960s and 1970s in countries like Canada and Australia, and, to a lesser extent, Britain and the United States where the immigration rate was very high. However, the sheer presence of more than one culture within a specific society is not sufficient to define a society as multicultural. The vast majority of societies throughout the world history has included more than one culture, and from such a perspective the entire human history could easily fall within the scope of multiculturality.
Topic: immigration

What is then required for a society to be considered multicultural is the normative (cultural, legal and insitutional) endorsement of such a reality and not only the existence of ethnic heterogeneity. When such a conceptual turn is made, the concept and the reality that this entry aims to outline come closer to what is meant by the term “multicultural“ which represents the cultural reality of mainly Western (North American, Australian and European) societies during the second half of the 20th century.
Topic: immigration

Specifically in Canada and Australia the focus was much wider and from the start multiculturalism included constitutional and land issues and has been about the definition of the nation. This was partly because these countries had a continuous and recent history of ethnic communities created by migration usually from different parts of Europe, partly because there were unresolved legal questions to do with the entitlements and status of indigenous people in these countries, and eventually in the case of Canada, also because of the further issue of the rise of a nationalist and secessionist movement in French-speaking Quebec.
Topic: immigration

In North America it can comprise discrete groups with territorial claims, such as the Native Peoples and the Quebecois, whereas in Europe, groups with such requirements, like the Slovaks or the Scots, are thought of as nations and multiculturalism refers rather to a post-immigration urban melange. In addition, while in North America, language-based ethnicity is seen as the major political challenge, in Western Europe, the conjunction of the terms “immigration“ and “culture“ now nearly always invokes the large newly-settled Muslim populations which collide with the original Christian civilisation.
Topic: immigration

Consequently multiculturalism has had a much less popular reception in mainland Europe where the traditions have been deeply anchored and in some countries it has been the source of tensions between the immigrants and the aborigines. Some of the latters consider the current situation so serious that they predict the end of the European dominance, a balkanization[1] of heritage and legacy, and presumably the extinction of time-honored western traditions and values. Indubitably, one of those countries that have been severly stricken by social tensions ensuing from the multicultural society is France.
Topic: immigration

It appears to be surrounded by problems concerning its immigrant population such as racism, discrimination and inefficient secular integration model even despite the fact that it has been one of the foundation members of the European Union that steadily stresses the virtues of multiculturalism with its motto “united in diversity“. Given the real living conditions and the position of minorities in the French society, France does not seem to be in tune with the above-mentionned political trends and to step onto the succesful path of multiculturalism and the integration of its foreign popoulation. Multicultural background of the French society Today`s ethnical and cultural structure of France is far away from the one France once had and most probably it will never regain its traditional image it had had before the “immigration wave“ in the second half of the 20th century. Since the beginnig of the 21st century France counts more than 4. 9 million immigrants who represent 8. 1% of the total French population and 2 millions of them are of the French nationality. The most numerous group of immigrants, 1. million people, are so-called “Maghrebins“ who originated from countries of the northern parts of Arab Africa such as Marocco, Algeria or Tunisia. Regarding the religious structure of the French society, 69% of the population are Roman Catholics, though only 10% claim themselves being practicing. Apart from Christians there is presently more than 5 million French Muslims of which 36% are worshippers and practicing. Finally, there are small Protestant and Jewish communities of about 1 million people and 500 000 people respectively who are part of the largest minorities living in France.
Topic: immigration

If we consider the main criterion of multiculturalism the religious, ethnical or racial diversity of population in a country, based on the afforecited data we may assume that France is a multicultural country. On the other hand if the principal element of multiculturalism is the fact that the coexistence of each and every group takes place without grave problems and conflicts in everyday life, then it is not evident that France actually is a multicultural society right because of racism, dicrimination and malfunction of the French socio-political regime. 2. Socio-political regime in France The problem of an effective integration of immigrants into the French society is one of the principal subjects that the French politics has been dealing with since the 1980s when young French of Maghrebi origine, so-called Beurs[2], protested in public against their discrimination at the time when France was confronted with the first headscarf affair in 1989. For that purpose, the French conceived a socio-political regime of multiculturalism that would help immigrants to merge smoothly into the French society and resolve the occuring conflicts.
Topic: immigration

The socio-political regime of multiculturalism in France is based on three different levels. The first one is the one of the immigrants. It guarantees them the right of cultural difference regarding their language, religion and customs. Meanwhile it requests that the immigrants respect the constitutional order of the receiving country and abandon such cultural practices that would infringe the French consitution, for instance forced marriage. The second level concerns indigenous French who are obliged to cease discriminating the immigrants in various domains of public life merely because of their origine.
Topic: immigration

Alike the indigenous French are constrained to abandon their prejudices and stereotypes which practically means to be able to consider a French of foreign origine as any other citizen of the country. The third level of multiculturalism reflects the international context since the question of improvement of the integration of immigrants is not solely a French issue. As a member of the European Union, France is bound to implement European directives regarding this domain, primarily the Amsteram Treaty signed in 1997 which directly concerns the integration policy of mmigrants in all EU member states and condemns every discrimination based on race, ethnic origin, sex, religion belief, handicap or sexual orientation. Although the present socio-political regime is quite recent, the French integration model has been established in France much earlier. The roots of the French integration model derived from the 1905 law that promoted the principle of secularism which implied the exclusion of the Church and religion from the entire integration model as well as the protection by the state from any pressure from any religious group.
Topic: immigration

Initially this law recognised the right of everyone to practice his or her own beliefs, including the wearing of religious signs. In theory the idea of secularism and consequently also the integration model were meant to eliminate religious disputes and to promote tolerance and acceptance of differences. However in the French reality it seems to do rather the opposite as it imposes some kind of obligatory atheism and forces one to forget or hide one’s religious beliefs. 2. 2French racism Official data suggest that one of the fields where the racism clearly rebounds is the employment.
Topic: immigration

While the unemployment rate among French nationals stood at around 10% in 2000, it was about 20% among the foreign population. If one looks at the second generation of the immigrants, 26. 5% of university graduates of North African origin are unemployed, compared to 5% of graduates of French origin. Moreover, racism plays its role when choosing among candidates for work. According to SOS Racisme, a French campaigning group, CVs with an African name get far fewer positive answers than CVs with a typical French name.
Topic: immigration

Even more shocking is the fact that French employers have elaborated special abbreviation system: ‘BBR (Bleu Blanc Rouge or Blue White Red (the colours of the French flag), meaning French/white) and NBBR (Non Bleu Blanc Rouge or Not Blue White Red, meaning not French/white) indicating race in employers’ databases. Secondly, racism is also widespread around housing. The majority of the French immigrant population lives in so-called „cites“, which are characterised by high unemployment, poor-quality housing and neighbourhood infrastructure as well as difficult relations between the police and local inhabitants.
Topic: immigration

The construction of these districts in the outskirts of big cities, Paris and Lyon in particular, took place in 1970s in order to help poor immigrants and their families with temporary housing. However, at the moment 81% of non-EU nationals reside in these areas. The immigrants’ children and grandchildren seem to be stuck there, since there is unwillingness and inaction on the part of the French government to improve and change the situation. Finally, there is racism in public perception and French attitudes towards its foreign population.
Topic: immigration

For instance, in a recent poll, the proportion of respondents (49%) who held that immigrants were too different to be integrated into the French society was almost identical to the level of support (46%) expressed for repatriation in preference to integration. Since the early 1980s, it has become commonplace in France to claim that immigration is a threat to national identity. Various reasons are put forward to explain racism in France, with economic decline being the most obvious: the frustration and fear of poor white population are more easily directed towards migrants as scapegoats.
Topic: immigration

One was the so-called “headscarf affair“, the other one concerned the discrimination of immigrants in many areas of public life in France. The headscarf affair of 1989 ensued from the exclusion of three young girls from their school for wearing the Muslim headscarf in class. This act was not only against the European Convention on Human Rights that recognises the individual’s right publicly to express religious belief, but it also undermined the ability of the French model to bring tolerance as opposed to the exclusion of certain parts of French society.
Topic: immigration

This was equally proved in 2003 when the government passed the law banning conspicuous signs of religious adherence in public schools. The main argument against the Islamic headscarf in that case was that it meant the oppression of women by men, and was against the law of equality of women and men. Nevertheless, the interpretation of a religious symbol can have different meanings in different circumstances and it can also be the expression of a free belief and of a free choice or a means of protection against the pressure of males.
Topic: immigration

For that reason the state has no right to interpret religious symbols whatsoever or to choose the meaning it thinks is the accurate one, since this will undoubtedly cause resistance and resentment among the community that does not want to be patronised as far as the understanding of their religion is concerned. Given the number of Muslims living in France and the fact that for the considerable part of its ethnic minority, religion is highly significant and deeply anchored in their everyday life, the disregard of the French integration model raised another wave of resentment and aggravated the social situation in France.
Topic: immigration

What this does is even further division of the society into those inside the community and those outside it, because if one labels someone as different, he risks not only alienating him, but also provoking resentment and frustration. Furthermore, there has always been a bizarre tendency in France to integrate someone who was born and has lived all his life there into the French society. It appears extremely paradoxical to speak of the need to integrate people who have been an integral part of the social structure of the country for one, two or even three generations.
Topic: immigration

The question is how to confront or to minimize particular conflicts, but not how to integrate those who are already inside social structures. The states do not create special policies to integrate each newly-born generation since it is the continuation of the previous generation that absorbs the latter’s experience and achievements. Thus, the whole idea of the need to integrate proves once more the inability of the French society and the government to accept its post-immigrant population, to treat them as French, as French who were born in France and have lived in the country all their lives.
Topic: immigration

The problem with the French immigrant population is exacerbated even further by French society’s attempts to integrate them, thus not accepting them as equal citizens and emphasizing their differences. Whereas, in reality, it is not cultural differences that provoked youth riots in 2005 but rather it is anger and hopelessness, sadness and identity confusion, among people who believed their history books which were in raptures over “liberte, egalite et fraternite“. 3Challenges and crisis of multiculturalism in France
Topic: immigration

Although many years have passed since the massive “immigration waves” flew into France, many reforms and laws have been worked out and approved in order to facilitate their integration and many steps have been undertaken to equalize the immigrants with the indigenous French, the reality still does not show the desired effects. On the contrary, it seems that the “ticking bomb”, like some discribe the unsustainable situation of numerous immigrants in France, is about to explode and it might bring along very serious aftermaths on the French society as well as on the European civilisation as a whole.
Topic: immigration

In fact some seats of a certain French civil war have already broken out with the rioting in the French capital and a number of cities all over France. “Bands of youths in cawls start by setting fire to parked cars, break shop windows with baseball bats, wreck public telephones and ransack cinemas, libraries and schools. When the police arrive on the scene, the rioters attack them with stones, knives and baseball bats. The police respond by firing tear-gas grenades and blank shots in the air. Sometimes the youths fire back with real bullets. This scene resembles to one of those in Western films rather than to the reality that happened in November 2005 in one of the underpriviledged suburbs of Paris, Clichy-sous-Bois. The question that immediately emerges is: What did go wrong in the French integration system? Did not it promise to assimilate all immigrants smoothly into the French society and provide them with the same standard of living as it does for the original Frenchmen? The response is to be found right in the “epicenters“ of the riots, the French suburbs.
Topic: immigration

In Clichy itself, more than 80% of the inhabitants are Muslim immigrants or their children, mostly from Arab and black Africa. In other affected towns, the Muslim immigrant community accounts for 30% to 60% of the population. But these are not the figures that matter the most. The main problem consists in inequal chance, conditions and evaluation of work for the people from poor immigrant suburbs in comparison with the aboriginal white Frenchmen. The average unemployment in the affected areas is estimated at around 30% and when it comes to young potential workers it reaches 60%.
Topic: immigration

Moreover, in these suburban towns, built in the 1950s in imitation of the Soviet social housing of the Stalinist era, people live in crammed conditions, sometimes several generations in a tiny apartment, and see “real French life” only on television. As a result, this discrimination and intolerance of the immigrants by the white population increases discontent, fosters apartheid and ends in hatred and violence. Another problem of these neglicted banlieus is the fact that more and more of its native French inhabitants leave for “calmer places,” which makes the assimilation still more difficult and create homogenous ghettoes.
Topic: immigration

In some areas, it is even possible for an immigrant or his descendants to spend a whole life without ever encountering the need to speak French or to let alone familiarize himself with any aspect of the famous French culture. The result is often alienation which in turn gives the radical Islamists an opportunity to propagate their message of religious and cultural apartheid. Some of them are even calling, for the areas where Muslims form a majority of the population, to obtain the right to organize their social, cultural and educational life in accordance with their religious beliefs.
Topic: immigration

In fact, in some parts of France, this system is already in place. In these areas, all women are obliged to wear the standardized Islamist “hijab” while most men grow their beards to the length prescribed by the sheiks. The radicals have managed to chase away French shopkeepers selling alcohol and pork products, forced “places of sin,” such as dancing halls, cinemas and theaters, to close down, and seized control of much of the local administration.
Topic: immigration

It is now clear that a good portion of France’s Muslims not only refuse to assimilate into “the superior French culture,” but firmly believe that Islam offers the highest forms of life to which all mankind should aspire. In the end the image becomes even darker if one takes into account the constant decreasing birth-rate of the original population in Europe and in France which is in sharp contrast with the explosive growth of the Islamic population. According to some, one out of three babies born in France is now a Muslim. Around 70% of French prisoners are Muslims.
Topic: immigration

Hundreds of Muslim ghettos are already de facto following sharia, not thr French law. And in twenty years one person out of four in France will be Muslim and almost certainly poor and angry. What are then the future prospects of the multicultural France? Is is really multiculturalism to be blamed for the disastrous situation that has turned out in France? Or are the Muslims responsible for it? Probably not really. The world has already started to discover that beneath the postcard surfaces of the Eiffel Tower and romantic restaurants, the country of arrogance was very sick.
Topic: immigration

Slums and ghettoes in the banlieus, a racism against Arabs and foreigners that dare not speak its name, Muslim youngsters living a thug’s life of radical Islam, violence and drugs, widespread anti-Semitism, high rates of unemployment… Now all of this is actually the outcome of the “once-glorious” France that has been suffering from its self-centered materialist ideology and the complex of superiority for decades. In addition to that, recent opinion polls show that the French are officially the most anti-capitalist nation on earth and that France has ultimately chosen Socialism and Islam to follow.
Topic: immigration

Some believe that France will quietly become a Muslim country, others are afraid of a civil war in the near future. All in all, for now there is only one thing unquestionable. France finds itself in an irreversible battle for preservation of its national culture and identity which it has been forming for more than fifteen hundred years. Even though the stake is high France does not seem, at least until for now, to wake up from the dream and defend its original values but rather risks to meet with still greater losses on its own side.
Topic: immigration

At worst, in the apocalyptic scenario it will have to face the total extinction of the French culture in its proper homeland. Conclusion Undoubtedly, the current situation of the multiculturalism “a la francaise“ is not in an enviable position. The collision of two irreconcilable civilisations, the one of the East and the other of the West, that took place in France in the second half of the 20th century appears to have a long-term and painful sequel in the coming decades.
Topic: immigration

Which of these two afforecited societies would eventually prevail and assume the dominant role on the French and most probably the whole European soil will show only the time. However for the multiculturalism it is not impossible that some troublesome times might arrive and could even result in another World War with appalling consequences. Bibliography ROBERT, P. : Le petit Robert – Dictionnaire de la langue francaise. Paris : Imprimerie Alsacienne Jean Didier. 1984. ISBN 2-85036-066-X TROTMAN, C. , J. : Multiculturalism: roots and realities. Indiana University Press. 2002. ISBN 0253340020
Topic: immigration

KRIEGER, J. : The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World. Oxford University Press. 2001. ISBN 0-19-511739-5 ROBERTSON, R. , SCHOLTE, J. ,A. : Encyclopedia of Globalization. New York: MTM Publishing, Inc. 2007. ISBN 0-415-97314-7 DREGGER, S. : La France contemporaine (1997-2005) et le multiculturalisme: rapprochement vers une societe francaise multiculturelle et crise profonde du concept du multiculturalisme. GRIN Verlag. 2008. ISBN 364013544X POLISCANOVA, J. : What went wrong with multiculturalism in France? Global Politics Magazine. Online on: TAHERI, A. : Why Paris is burning.
Topic: immigration

Catallaxyfiles. 2005. Online on: MILLIERE, G. : The French Disease. Front Page Magazine. 2006. Online on: GUITTA, O. : The unreported race riot in France. Dhimmi Watch. 2005. Online on: FJORDMAN: The Fall of France and the Multicultural World War. Global Politician. 2007. Online on: ———————– [1] Balkanization is a geopolitical term originally used to describe the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other. [2] Beurs is a designation of the 2nd generation of Maghrebi immigration
Topic: immigration

1) Source B is not a reliable source when investigating the extent of discrimination black immigrants faced in trying to find work in 1956. The aim of the interview was to expose the ‘colour bar’ at British Railways, the company would not be willing to let the public know of any discrimination as they had already made a policy on a ‘no colour bar’, it could also effect business. The interview was taken in 1956, after The British Nationality Act in 1948 confirmed the right of Commonwealth citizens to come and settle in Britain, therefore meaning they also had the right to jobs.
Topic: immigration

The source was quoted by an immigrant in 1949, so it was first hand and had not been passed on by different people. Source C supports what Miller is claiming with examples of notices, which makes the source more reliable. Source A does not say why it was quoted apart from it was published in a book 49 years later. From the source we can see that the black immigrants were limited to where they could stay and there was a lot of racism throughout landlords.
Topic: immigration

Source C could be useful to a historian. The signs reading, ‘no coloureds etc’, support the idea of the ‘colour bar’. We can ensure it is reliable because it is a photograph and does not look in anyway set up. It does not reveal why it was taken. This source also supports the fact that only 15 out of 1000 white people would let a room to someone black. There was no law stating that landlords could not discriminate in this way. The immigrants in the photographs are looking at boards full of advertisements, nevertheless we are only given examples of two of them – we are unaware of any others, which could not be as discriminative as the two shown. There are only two immigrants in this photograph indicating there may not be a big problem to get housing, as was claimed at the time (because of the bombing during the war there was a housing shortage).
Topic: immigration

3) I do not agree with the statement, ‘in the period 1949-1959 Black immigrants faced only discrimination and prejudice from whites.’ This is because there is evidence (including from sources) that show not all white people were racist at that time. Although source B is stating that black immigrants are not always welcome at certain work places because of their skin colour, this is the only source that agrees with the statement first made. When we look at source E, we can see that it is a white person that reassures the black immigrant, and that gave him, ‘comfort and hope’, also source D – although it is saying how landlords are able to discriminate freely, there are some that provided rooms to black immigrants.
Topic: immigration

Source F supports my idea; it is saying that ‘it was acts of kindness by individual white people that kept many black people from going when life in Britain seemed particularly bleak.’ This account reveals that there were white people that wanted to help black immigrants settle in Britain and not go out of their way to make them feel unwelcome in any way. It is said that racial discrimination affected all areas of their lives, including finding work and accommodation – this is true, however the black immigrants must have been able to find somewhere to live and work, or they could not have afforded to live in Britain, and we have no evidence of mass numbers of immigrants living on the streets. Although they often did end up with low-status jobs it shows some people were willing to employ and pay them. Self-help groups were also set up to offer advice on accommodation and employment rights – which show that there were white people willing to help, disagreeing with the statement first made.
Topic: immigration

Organizations around the world are innovating ways to stay afloat and to increase employee satisfaction. With the 2008 economic downfall, organizations have become more sensitive to the needs of their greatest asset, “the employee”. According to Ellen Galinsky, Tyler Wigton, and Lois Backon’s article Creating Management Practices for Making Work Work, “organizations are creating imaginative workplace approaches for improving the work environment, and helping employees navigate the shifting demands of their work and personal lives” [ (Galinsky, Wigton, & Backon, 2009) ].
Topic: immigration

Many organizations, Marriott International in particular, have implemented self paced development programs to enhance job performance. Marriott’s organizational culture is the foundation upon which employees internalize values, and norms that guide towards expected standards of behaviors. According to Gareth R. Jones and Jennifer M.George in, Contemporary Management, organizational culture is the shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, and norms that influences how members of an organization relates to one another, and cooperate to achieve organizational goals [ (Jones & George, 2011) ].
Topic: immigration

Marriott’s Behavioral Management Theory Behavioral Management is defined as the study of how managers should behave to motivate employees and encourage them to perform at high levels and be committed to the achievement of organizational goals [ (Jones & George, 2011) ]. Mary Parker Follet and J. W. Marriott’s views on management are congruent in that they both believe in learning management. Mary Parker Follett advocated the fostering of a self-governing principle that facilitated the growth of individuals and of the groups to which they belonged (Smith, 2002).
Topic: immigration

She believed that organizations, like communities, could be approached as local social systems involving networks of groups. One of the main aspects of Mary Parker Follett’s approach was the ‘circular’ theory of power she initially developed in Creative Experience (1924) is that “Power begins… with the organization of reflex arcs. Then these are organized into a system which develops more power; then the organization of these systems comprise the organism, which is more power. Power is the legitimate, the inevitable, outcome of the life-process.
Topic: immigration

We can always test the validity of power by asking whether it is integral to the process of outside the process (Smith, 2002). Mary Parker Follett meant in terms of organizations, this view of power involved managers, workers, and other stakeholders influencing each other. She distinguishes between power over and power with or co-active power rather than coercive power (Smith, 2002). Marriott’s management practices foundation is built on employee knowledge enhancement and elevation in the company.
Topic: immigration

Core values clarify who is the organization, it articulates what the organization stands for, guides business practice, govern interactions of employees, and guides strategies employed to accomplish the organization’s mission. Marriott International Inc’s core values drive their culture. Marriott’s culture influences the way associates are treated, customers, and the community which impacts all its successes. J. W. Marriott, Jr. states, “Culture is the life-thread and glue that links our past, present, and future” (Marriott International, 2009). Marriott International Inc. ore values consist of its commitment to the fair treatment of associates, and providing training and advancement opportunities to all employees (Marriott International, 2009). Marriott International Inc. also has a high expectation for upholding the reputation for superior customer service, rising out of a long tradition that started with J. Willard Marriott’s simple goal to provide “Good Food and Good Service at a Fair Price. Do Whatever it Takes to Take Care of the Customer. Pay extraordinary attention to detail. Take pride in their physical surroundings.
Topic: immigration

Use their creativity to find new ways to meet the needs of customers” (Marriott International, 2009). The Marriott Culture also supports the community and encourages associate volunteerism through a variety of organizations. At Marriott the continuation of a company’s culture has a proven positive financial impact that is expected to be continues thought the organization’s life (Marriott International, 2009). Management Philosophy and Structure J. Willard Marriott lived on the values associated with Marriott International Inc. corporate culture and management style (Marriott International, 2009).
Topic: immigration

Concern for Employees “Treat your employees the way you would like to be treated-provide them every avenue to success. Get their confidence and respect. Have them like and be interested in their job. (Marriott International, 2009) Marriott International believes that Management’s role is to always listen to the employees, and try to understand and solve problems they may encounter. Management plays a critical role in sensing and preventing problems in the work place by being involved and treating employees with the attitude and style that “you are important” (Marriott International, 2009). Marriott International, Inc’s management on day-to-day basis must sincerely communicate with employees, meet employee needs, and develop and recognize employee (Marriott International, 2009).