Topic: family

and Special Protection Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination, and Republic Act No. 9262, An Act on Violence Against Women and their Children (VAWC).Apart from the rumor of the abused two-year-old, the MOU was also created to address a study by the Council for the Welfare of Children and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) pointing at migration as one of the reasons for physical, sexual, or psychological violence to children. (Rie Takumi, 2017) Background of the StudyFamily is the basic foundation of every society in this world. This micro environment molds every person in the society. Family is where we first learned how to give love and to be loved. Family is where we learn the basic rules and values before we enter the wider world, the reality. Family is also the one who teach us to be strong and independent and to be a responsible one.But nowadays, because of the poverty that many Filipinos experience and the demand of jobs does not meet the number of employee that needed to be hired. That’s the reason why many Filipinos decided to leave and work abroad. According to the International Labor Organization, worldwide the number of unemployed rose by 5 million to 202 million in 2013, the global unemployment ratio of youth to adults has reached a new high 13.1 percent or 74.5 million in 2013, nearly three times the adult rate. UNICEF also shown that there are about three to six million Filipino children left behind as parents pursue to work abroad. And to the 2017 survey of Philippine Statistic Authority (PSA), many Filipinos leave their family to find a job abroad and it’s about 2.3 million estimated Filipinos is Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW). In addition, CALABARZON has the largest proportion of OFWs among the regions, the largest proportion of OFWs were from CALABARZON (20.7% of the total OFWs). Those coming from Central Luzon comprised 12.9 percent, and those from the National Capital Region and Western Visayas, comprised 9.5 percent each. On the other hand, the smallest number of OFWs came from Caraga (1.7% of the total OFWs). Furthermore, the Philippines were known as one of the largest labor-sending countries, accounts for 27% of the overall Filipino youth population left behind. In the Philippine National Statistics survey of 2016 that Negros Island Region shares 13.5% of Overseas Filipino Workers. And according to the immigration escalates, the number of left behind children were increased and OFW parents often leave their kids in the care of their grandparents, aunts and uncles, relatives, friends, or no one at all for the significant periods of time.On the other hand, when economic resources constrain parents’ capacity to perform this role, parents may turn to migration to realize their dreams for their children. The aspiration to provide a better future for their children via education plays a crucial role in the decision of Filipinos to work abroad (ECMI/AOS-Manila et al., 2004; Aguilar et al., 2009; Asis et al., 2005). However, public perceptions about the impact of parental migration on children’s well-being see migration as a double-edged sword. On the one hand, remittances are seen as enhancing the children’s material well-being, but on the other hand, parental absence is perceived to deprive children of emotional support and care that are detrimental to the children’s welfare. With respect to children’s education, it is not uncommon to hear opinions that parents went abroad to further their children’s education, but their efforts were for naught because their children either stopped schooling or encountered problems in school. Theoretical Framework Learning is a remarkably complex process that is influenced by a wide variety of factors. And parents are should be probably very much aware, observation can play a critical role in determining how and what children learn. As the saying goes, kids are very much like sponges, soaking up the experiences they have each and every day. Because learning is so complex, there are many different psychological theories to explain how and why people learn. And according to a psychologist named Albert Bandura, a social learning theory suggests observation, imitation, and modeling play a primary role in this process. Also, social learning theory explains how people learn new behaviors, values, and attitudes. For example, a teenager might learn slang by observing peers. Social learning requires attention to the person(s) observed, remembering the observed behavior, the ability to replicate the behavior, and a motivation to act the same way. Being parents is not only by giving their needs but also to give what makes them happy. And according to the Social Learning Theory of Bandura he noted that external environmental reinforcement was not the only factor to influence learning and behavior. Also this reinforcement can be external or internal and can be positive or negative. If a child wants approval from parents or peers, this approval is an external reinforcement, but feeling happy about being approved of is an internal reinforcement. He also described intrinsic reinforcement as a form of internal reward, such as pride, satisfaction, and a sense of accomplishment. This emphasis on internal thoughts and cognitions helps connect learning theories to cognitive developmental theories. According to the Behavior Modification of B.F. Skinner, positive reinforcement (reward) is the most powerful tool that parents can use to shape children’s behavior. Behavior modification emphases the role of rewards or reinforces that are associated with particular acts and to be effective, a positive reinforce should immediately follow the desired behavior of the child we can give them positive rewards like stickers, or even a “good job” comment. HINDI PA EDIT What Psychologists SayClinical psychologists theorize that children, especially school-aged children, need more attention from parents, since this is when fundamental psychological development begins. While it is important to give a child his/her basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter and education, it is equally important to give love, a sense of belonging, freedom, fun and immediate acknowledgement of achievement.What we’re seeing in the OFW familial culture is that, whether out of guilt or not, OFWs are inclined to gift their children the latest models of cellphones, toys and other unnecessary material options. The expression, buying love, is bandied about secretly. Although children enjoy these presents, they have more pressing need for a complete family. They would prefer to have both parents present at special occasions; or a father to talk to about an intimidating classmate; a mother’s shoulder to cry on whenever a teacher has been unusually frightening; someone to help choose a dress to wear during the prom and someone to ask tips from when the recent crush’s attention is not forthcoming.Children of OFWs are prone to emotional, psychological, and behavioral problems. It has also been observed that many OFW children are becoming self-doubting and drug dependents. In addition, most of the OFW children have become so materialistic and spend their parent’s money on gadgets and internet gaming from lack of guidance. The remittance is being wasted on self-absorption.Basically, migration of one parent or both is a very agonizing time for children and can trigger destructive emotions. In the case of an absentee father, children may develop gender identity problems which become more apparent as they mature.The following is a short list of issues that OFW children share:1. Values are twisted towards materialistic goals2. Are much more likely to use drugs or alcohol and/or commit delinquent behavior than children with two active at-home parents.3. Are much more likely to have gender identity issues4. Have an increased risk of divorce5. Are more likely to be physically or sexually abused6. Are more likely to show rebellious activity towards one or both parents