ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: family

Women were not allowed to venture into any other activities apart from taking care of her family. The husband was the sole breadwinner of the family. The only source of finance was the husband hence the only chance for women to be economically protected was for them to marry men who were financially secure. This made them more dependent on men and if the man died, they would be left with no source of income apart from her husband’s savings. The society looked at women as asexual beings; people with neither feelings nor a life of their own (Wayne, 2007, p.17).
Topic: family

Throughout history, women have had less legal rights and occupation opportunities, hence less representation compared to their male counterparts. Motherhood and wifehood were considered as their most major professions (Burgess & Brown, 2000, p. 137). Towards the end of nineteenth century however, most women had won the rights to vote, and had increased their chances to access education and other professions initially considered for men. Marriage was considered very essential and significant for the sake of the stability of the society. Women were therefore expected to be very obedient and submissive in order to have a happy and stable marriage. During these times, education was a disputable topic and it was the first topic that motivated women into protesting. However, not a single feminist could come up with a means through which education would be equalized between girls and boys. Only the daughters of rich parents would get formal education. Educated girls were however perceived as unattractive sexually, thus getting marriage was a big struggle for them (Bakken & Farrington, 2003, p. 327).
Topic: family

The only subject that girls were taught in school was language; reading and writing. Other courses included wifely responsibilities and activities such as knitting, midwife, cooking and waving among others (Burgess & Brown, 2000, p.118). Women began to form “women rights movements” which helped them in protesting against slavery as well as men dictatorships. These movements led to revolution which eventually led to the constitutional amendment processes which brought about the eradication of slavery. This was a great achievement on the women’s history since they could freely speak out their views.
Topic: family

In the mid 1800’s, women became resistant to the oppression by men and they wanted to become totally independent. As a result, they protested for equal education opportunities and religion activism. It was not that easy; women had to fight both men and fellow women. Men in general overlooked upon feminists and those women who were still dedicated to the traditional way of life, did not want to hear anything concerning women independence. The only place in which women got total support was the church, which also had its own interest. Women became successful in these reform movements and for the first time in history, men became challenged by the female domination (Bakken & Farrington, 2003, p. 167).
Topic: family

Women thus began to perform duties outside their homes. This meant that they would cook, nurse and educate young people for a pay. They also became teachers, nurses and secretaries; which were the only jobs that the society accepted women to pursue (Wayne, 2007, p.78).. Nevertheless, a woman was only supposed to work as long as she was not married, but once married, she was expected to stop working and take up her role as a wife and mother. During this time, being a housewife necessitated a wide range of multifaceted abilities since almost all items were home made (Wayne, 2007, p.77).
Topic: family

However, their employment opportunities expanded during the industrial revolution period. Many women worked in the new industries so as to fill the vacant places. The public school system also expanded thus leading to many more women to be employed as school teachers (Wayne, 2007, p.86). Nursing also became a highly regarded job for women in 1850s following the restructuring in hospitals and the nursing career. The civil war also contributed greatly to the evolution of women roles in the society. It resulted to many women getting jobs in the government and other offices, that were initial held by men, so as to fill in the positions evacuated by men as they went to fight. After the civil war, women continued to work in the government since they had proved to men that they could really work (Wayne, 2007, p.94). Another thing that encouraged women into employment was the discovering of a typewriter. Research found out that women would make better typists than men hence women were all over as typists and sales clerks.
Topic: family

By 1870, women learning prospects had improved drastically. There were additional schools for girls and most colleges could also admit women for advanced courses. By the end of 1880, women had made up approximately one third of the total population of students in the United States (Wayne, 2007, p.85). At the same time, women attained more legal rights with the establishment of more movements and acts. For instance, the married women property act allowed married women authority over their own properties. Her property was hers and not her husband’s (Bakken & Farrington, 2003, p.318).
Topic: family

Early years of learning in a child’s life is believed to make a significant difference in the way they develop and go on to learn throughout their lives (Kim, 1999). Developmental psychologists have been making research about the role played by parents and its impact on child development. However, developing a cause-and-effect link between parents behavior and brought up and its impact on child behavior and attitude is a relatively tough task. This can be proved from the fact that children who share a home and are brought up in the same environment, under same circumstances may develop a remarkably different personality than one another.
Topic: family

There is no hard and fast rule about parenting. It usually evolves with the passage of time as children grow up and develop their personalities. The quality of parenting is an important influence on children’s intellectual, emotional and social development ( Nevid, 2009). How parents put in effort to respond and correct their children greatly impacts how they progress individually and socially. A child’s development process is influenced by several factors, for instance, the people and situations he comes into close contact and interaction. Parent’s influence is the greatest on a child’s development. The positivity as well as negativity in a child’s attitude and behavior is because of parents brought up and parenting style.
Topic: family

In 1960’s a very famous theory about parenting was developed by Diana Baumrind. This theory was based upon three parenting style named authoritative, permissive and authoritarian. Later, another vital factor named uninvolved was added by Maccoby and Martin. Diana adopted a broad and well managed way to study on more than 100 preschool-age children. She used several approaches using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods. This broad study helped her to figure out and recognize four important aspects of parenting which include disciplinary strategies, warmth and nurturance, communication styles and expectation of maturity and control. The three parenting styles found out by Diana were based upon these dimensions.
Topic: family

According to authoritarian parenting style, parents expect their children to strictly follow the rules and regulations set by them. Parents tend to punish their children if they fail to obey them. Authoritarian parents fail to give any explanation or reason for the rules imposed by them. If a child asks for explanation, the simple reply is, “Because I said so.” Usually these parents are less responsive and have high demands and expectations. According to Baumrind, these parents “are obedience- and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation” ( Rosenfeld, 2007). Such parents expect complete cooperation from their children and are not at all tolerant about the rules and regulations set by them. They expect maturity on the part of children and are very less interactive with their children. Children of such parents are usually focused in studies and tend to make good grades. They develop the habit of staying out of troubles. A negative impact of this parenting style is that the children are not socially developed as they are never motivated and encouraged to give and develop opinions. They are shy and unconfident, and lack decision making power. This make them less interactive and negatively affect their decision making power.
Topic: family

Second parenting style is known as authoritative parenting. This is a relatively democratic style of parenting as the parents are responsive and receptive towards their children. They are usually willing to respond to the questions of their children. Moreover, they are more encouraging and forgiving parents rather than punishing ones in case the child does not come up to their expectation. Baumrind suggests that these parents “monitor and communicate clear standards for their children’s conduct. They are forceful, but not aggressive and restrictive. The disciplinary methods adopted by them are supportive. They want their children to be confident as well as socially responsible ( Rosenfeld, 2007). This style ensures healthy development among children because they are taught to abide by rules and regulations in a positive way. They are allowed to asked questions and develop personal opinions. Children of such parents are socially interactive and confident as they have the habit of developing opinions. They are self-assured.
Topic: family

Third parenting style suggested by Baumrind is known as Permissive parenting. These types of parents are often referred as tolerant parents and they tend to make fewer demands to their children. These parents are less concerned about disciplining their children as they have low expectations of adulthood and self-control. According to Baumrind, permissive parents “are more receptive than demanding. They are less concerned about culture and are soft. They do not require mature attitude, allow significant self-regulation, and avoid conflict” ( Rosenfeld, 2007). They are friendly with their children. Parents in this case intend to be their child’s friend then being a disciplinary figure. Parent-children communication is encouraged. Children raised by indulgent parents have developed self-confidence, healthier social skills and lower levels of depression. All these factors in turn develop a positive and optimistic attitude in individuals. The negative impact of such parenting style is that a child’s emotional development is harmed and damaged. He does not matures in this area.
Topic: family

Last category of parenting added by Maccoby and Martin is known as uninvolved parenting. These parents are usually less demanding, less communicative and less responsive. They manage to fulfill the basic needs and necessities of their children but overall, they are less attached to their children. In some cases, these parents are ignorant to the extent that they may even ignore the needs and necessities of their children. Such parents are ambivalent to their child’s necessities and desires. They are neglectful about their children. As parents are less demanding and do not intend to make rules for their children, hence children lack communication, encouragement and praise. Children of such parents develop negative features in their personalities and lack confidence. They are not socially active and confident because less compliance demand by parents stunts their social growth. They are never educated about handling different situations, hence cognitive growth is negatively affected.
Topic: family

These parenting styles have a significant impact on children’s psychology. The study of 100 preschool children helped Baumrind to develop the impact of parenting on children. For instance, Authoritarian parenting styles normally result in obedient and respectful children, who are quiet skillful, but they rank lower in happiness and social capability. On the contrary, Authoritative parenting style results in happy and socially capable children. Thirdly, Permissive parenting often results in children who face problems with power and usually show poor and weak performance in school. Lastly, uninvolved parenting styles have the lowest rank among all the categories of parenting. As these children are ignored by the parents so they grow as individuals with less self-control, low self-esteem and are less capable and skilled as compared to their peers.
Topic: family

Another important aspect of parenting style is that the adolescent behavior is an important measure that can have a significant influence on parenting style. For instance, if a child breaks a curfew, both parents adopt a measure to deal with the child in order to enforce an action. Hence, child’s behavior has a major influence on the parenting style adopted by parents. A cooperative and motivated child is more probable to have parents who adopt an authoritative parenting attitude. On the other hand, an unhelpful, immature and careless teen may be more expected to provoke a parenting style that is authoritarian or uninvolved parenting style. Overall attitude of the child tends to evolve parenting style of the children. It is commonly practiced on the part of the parents that they change their parenting habits with time. Few parents are more rigid with elder children and less rigid with younger ones. Hence, the time period, changes in culture and environment and changes in circumstances evolves the parents as well as their parenting style.
Topic: family

Ethnicity is another vital aspect that can have an influence on the parenting style. It has been observed that authoritative parenting style is more prevalent among white families as compared to others. On the other hand, authoritarian parenting style seems to be more common among ethnic minority families. The basic reason behind this influence is the impact of culture and parental beliefs. For instance, ethnic minority families usually live in dangerous neighborhood’s where life isn’t secure so parents tend to adopt authoritarian behavior as it stresses upon parental control and compliance. In this scenario, this style of parenting is necessary for the safety of the children. There are other measures as well that can significantly influence the parenting style. For instance, internal factors like lack of sleep and mood, external factors such as work stress and duties and child’s personality and attitude. All these factors play a vital role on parenting style adopted by parents.
Topic: family

According to the overall study of different parenting styles authoritative parenting is considered the most effective with fruitful and positive impacts on children’s overall brought up as compared to other three parenting styles (Pressley & McCormick, 2007). Now the question arises, what makes authoritative parenting the best one among all? Many reasons can be listed such as warm and receptive attitude of the parents towards the children result in a comfortable environment at home. As the result of this comfort provided at home, children usually develop a positive approach towards life. Children of the authoritative parenting style are usually self-sufficient, self-controlled, and content, hence they have an optimistic attitude overall. They develop personal opinion; interact with peers in an effective and efficient manner. They can handle situations in a wise manner. They gain all necessary skills because of the parenting style adopted at home.
Topic: family

Overall surrounding and culture can have a vital impact on the parenting style. Research has shown that most of the Chinese parents adopt authoritarian parenting style ( Zimmerman & Schunk, 2011). Chines parents are strict about rules and regulations; unnecessary freedom is not granted to Chinese children and parents are usually strict about the code of conduct and ethics. One of the major reasons behind this parenting style being prevalent in Chinese parents is basically the one child policy imposed by the government. It restricts all Chinese families to have only one child. As a result of this policy, all the attention of the Chinese parents is focused on their only child, hence they want to see perfection in their upbringing and they tend to adopt this parenting style. It leaves no room for failure on the part of parents. Secondly, the culture of China promotes hard work, so parents in China intend to raise bright and intelligent children who can excel in life thus they adopt authoritarian parenting style. Thus the parenting style of China is similar to the authoritarian style of Diana Baumrind’s theory of parenting. It has the similar outcomes among Chinese children as discussed above in Baumrind’s theory. Chinese children adopt almost all the measures of Baumrind’s authoritarian theory.
Topic: family

Similarly a sample of 408 students was studied to determine the parenting style commonly practiced in Canada. Parental Authority Questionnaire, the Perception of Parental Reciprocity Scale, the Social Provisions Scale-Present Version and parental interviews were conducted to measure students and parents upon various scales to judge their relationship with their parents to figure out the parenting style being practiced. The research showed that authoritative parenting is the style commonly practiced in Canada ( Shaw, 2008). This study determined that Canadian parents are more tolerant. They seem to have authoritative parenting style. Canadians have a relatively democratic style of parenting as the parents are responsive and receptive towards their children. They are usually ready to respond to the questions of their children. They are less punitive and coercive. Although Canadian parents are concerned about rules and regulations but they are forgiving in case a child fails to abide by the rule or come up to the expectation of the parents. The disciplinary methods adopted by them are kind. Hence the features of authoritative parenting style of Baumrind’s theory is seems to be practiced in Canadian culture.
Topic: family

Based on past research, all three dimensions of authoritative parenting (connection, Regulation, and autonomy granting) seem to exist in the context of Japanese culture (Golombok, 2000). There is an old Japanese proverb, “there is no treasure that surpasses a child.” Japanese hold a high respect for childhood period and consider it a cherished and valued period in the human life cycle. This way of thinking among Japanese develops thinking that children are innocent and naturally good. Environment tends to affect them in later years of life. This belief develops a view among Japanese that parenting is like caring for a plant that must be carefully cultivated, skilled and pruned as it rises. Most of the children in Japan are greatly dependent upon mothers. It is a common practice in Japan that mothers performs most of the tasks of their children which includes decision-making about hobbies, education and career paths. Thus most of the Japanese children are obedient and dutiful towards their parents. Parenting in Japan is closely associated with understanding with parents specially mothers. Most of the mothers in Japan are so close to their child that they establish a relationship wherein mother and child have a collective mind rather than two separate, individual minds. They use this understanding and closeness to teach their children about morals, values, ethics, and to persuade them to behave wisely. They prefer to not to use coercive methods. Some of the features of Japanese parenting style are in accordance with authoritarian parenting style of
Topic: family

Baumrind but it has some contrasting features as well. For instance, parents in Japan do not tend to punish their children if they fail to obey them. Rather, they use their understanding and closeness with the children to correct them. Hence, they are relatively lenient as compared to Baumrind’s authoritarian parenting style. Japanese rather apply rational parenting approach to up bring their children. In rational parenting approach, well aware Japanese moms consult child development professionals, doctors, educators, family and friends in order to make the finest choices for their children as they mature.
Topic: family

Secondly, Nest building and feeling parenting are two usual methods practiced by modern Japanese mothers to exercise control over their child’s thinking. This helps them to develop a perfect understanding with their children. In this practice, parents tend to take keen interest in their child’s nutrition, communication, activities and even fashion. Mothers prefer to keep their children at home most of the time and avoid social and outdoor activities. They are taught to communicate fairly, regularly and solely with their mothers. This approach focuses to increase dependency while depending upon the trust and closeness the child feels toward his mother. From the study about Japanese way of parenting, it is quite evident that few of the features of parenting are in accordance to Baumrind’s authoritarian parenting style but overall, a unique method is practice by Japanese to parent the children.
Topic: family

On the whole, each of these parenting styles mentioned above tends to have certain influences on children’s behavior. Inconsistency in parents approach regarding the parenting behavior can be damaging for the children. Neither all parenting styles are perfectly right or completely wrong. It is a continuous lifelong job of trials and mistakes. It needs to be evolved timely with emerging situations and changed circumstances. The results are never 100 percent. All parents adopt various approaches to raise their children with no fixed rules and regulations, no written commands and no proper instructions. What works with one child at home might completely fail in case of other child at home. Even real siblings are completely different individuals with different habits and behaviors. Situations aroused with time impel us to act in a particular way. They impact us consciously and subconsciously. Thus parenting refers to how we were raised, when we were raised, and where we were raised. All these factors together play an important role in parenting. Parents must constantly monitor their child’s behavior and attitude and change their parenting style accordingly. Rigidity in parenting style is never advisable.
Topic: family

Every one has his or her own way of learning . This learning process starts from birth and keeps on till death. There are two types of learners i.e. Independent Learner and Dependent Learner. No one can be an independent learner from the first day of life. Moreover, one has to depend directly or indirectly on others in many different ways throughout life. One learns from his parents initially, the learning process continues from family members to friends and teachers to colleagues etc.
Topic: family

Parents are the first institute of learning. The love and affection of family members is like a soul to body. Friendship is also a unique source of learning. The students learn from the knowledge and exposure of the teachers. The process of learning has no limitations and exceptions. One has to be an independent learner at the same time. Dependent learning is easy but limited, whereas independent learning is difficult but vast. The independent learner makes many mistakes but learns more from the experience.
Topic: family

My strength as a learner is that I am adaptable. I am a Diverger according to Kolb’s (Payne and Whittaker 2000). I like group discussions in the class. It helps me to get innovative ideas. It is a good activity for brain storming. It helps to increase confidence. I also learn from students from different backgrounds. These students provide a unique source of learning for me. During my college studies, our teacher used to ask for presentation in front of the class.
Topic: family

Weakness means badness. My weak point is that I am adaptable. I am Accommodator according to Kolb’s (Payne E and Whittaker). This is a very bad habit of mine. I like to do things at the spot. I am an action orientated person. I never think before what I am going to do. I always get involved in new experience. When I get the task in the class I finish it immediately. I do not understand on first time, what I read. I never make a plan for this what I am going to do.
Topic: family

Culture exists in every society. It can be defined as all the customs of life plus arts, beliefs and traditions of a population that have been passed through generations. Culture has been called, the way of life for a complete society. As such, it includes rules of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, games, norms of behavior such as law and honesty, and systems of belief as well as the arts. (Gibson, R. Intercultural Business Communication, OUP 2002,).
Topic: family

We studied about the culture; Gibson (OUP 2002), I can define easily with the concept of iceberg which is best to way to describe the culture that the top of iceberg is known as explicit and the bottom is known as tacit. In the top of the iceberg culture clearly represent food, clothing, music, behavior and language, below the surface of the iceberg we can find gender, values, family and religion. All this affects shows how someone behaves at the surface.
Topic: family

There are different types of culture (Gibson, R, and Intercultural Business Communication OUP 2002). Our status and region also affects our culture some parts are more developed like other and certain things, may not happen in certain regions, this is because all the people lives in different style in their countries and also religion affects our culture. All the people live in different class culture like first class, low class and middle class. Some people works together on their project from different culture and show how they behave and living style.
Topic: family

By writing learning diary, I have learned to correct my actions, if they were not right before. It helped me to be respectful to others. This has increased my understanding of living in a multicultural society in a way that is learning from others. I have learned to become more helpful for someone in need. By writing the activities of every day, I have learnt about the behavior of different people. I have analyzed the attitudes in view of the culture of the people. I have learned to understand the ways of life in different cultures. I have come to know about the value and standard of food, dress, behavior, living style, and religion in different societies.
Topic: family

The most important aspects of my culture are family system, patriotism, age, religion and gender Gibson (2002). I am an elder child in my family. Therefore, I have a lot of responsibilities. I was born to an educated middle class family. I have seen my parents to work very hard to meet both ends meet, it has made me to learn about the harsh realities of life. I have become matured and sensible very early in life. I am not intelligent student but I am hard worker. I spend very difficult life in my previous school. It was like to live as a soldier of Pakistani army. I always behave like a typical Pakistani. I used to live with my parents and grandparents. When I meet with someone, I am respectful to the other person and behave like a civilized person.
Topic: family

“Knowledge management means to understand the relationship a variety of practices used in a group to recognize, fashion, represent, distribute and allow agreement of insights and knowledge” (Daniels-Dwyer, 2002). It can be divided into ‘product and process’ the product of knowledge mean the way of working with the company it can easily be shared and the process of knowledge achieved in the course of team work, relationship and the replace of thoughts (Daniels-Dwyer, 2002). Knowledge as process is much more difficult than the product. Knowledge management is defined as “understanding of relations” (Kluge et al 2001). Such insights and experiences include knowledge, any embodied in persons or embedded in society processes or practice is called knowledge management. It focus on office objectives such as better presentation, possible benefit, improvement, the distribution of lessons learned, and continue improvement of the relationship. In this essay I shall discuss that knowledge management does matter or does not matter in the modern world.
Topic: family

There are a lot of companies in the world and all the companies do different types of work. “The Modern world focuses on knowledge management because it is important for the company to improve the efficiency of the business” (Daniels-Dwyer, 2002). The owner of the company has a lot of information and ideas about the work; he shares his ideas among the employee of the company and gives them information. It helps the business to be more efficient and also it help the associate to find their way more easily thus construction of the company function more efficiently and fast. Therefore knowledge management helps the business to be efficient and make easy the work for everyone in the company.
Topic: family

Two different companies are working on the building constructions; both the companies are making very fine buildings and using good stuff. One company has an educated employee for the communications with the customer in a good way and gives them the true information and other company doesn’t have the good employee and they don’t know how to behave with the costumer and give them information. So therefore the “Modern world focus on knowledge management, because the competition between the companies and improves their efficiency” (Daniels-Dwyer, 2002).The “Modern world focus on knowledge management does matter because, a knowledge product is increasingly more available and more document”. A long time a ago all the companies do their work in the paper and put in the cupboard for the information that was very difficult but now a days all the companies work in the computer and save their all data in the computer, experience and education is necessary for every person who works in the company.
Topic: family

“The Modern world focus on knowledge management does not matter because it is not very important for the running of a company” (Daniels-Dwyer, 2002). There are different types of company their aim to make money by selling a product or service, this type of work can be successful without the knowledge for their companies like Taxi Stand Company, if some one has a taxi stand he can earn a lot of money by driving the car this is called service for the people this type of company can not success they only earn money. Knowledge management is merely one of many optional extras for improving efficiency but does not really matter. A lot people thing too much about their companies for example only two people are working in working one company the aim of their work to only earn money and spend their life. These types of people can success in their lives by earning money. This shows that the focus on knowledge management does not matter.
Topic: family

In the conclusion the knowledge management process can be categorized into knowledge manufacture, knowledge support, knowledge presentation, knowledge distribution and knowledge application activities. To take advantage of on knowledge, a society must be quick in balancing its knowledge management activities. In general, such a balancing act requires changes in organizational culture, technologies, and techniques. A number of organizations believe that by focusing exclusively on people, technologies, or techniques they can manage knowledge. The exclusive focus on people, technologies, or techniques does not enable a hard to continue its competitive advantages. At the end I would like to say that if some want to success in his life he or she must work hard day and night.
Topic: family

Firstly I want to mention that my country culture is totally different from other countries. If some one comes from British or America in my country he or she will face lot problems. First of all the person will face the language problem because lots of people cannot understand the English language, if the person want to go some where he or she cannot get the information as compare to the other countries like England they do all the works in internet, in our country there is no information about the transport. There are lots of people on the street beggar and also on the signals this is new for the other people. The main problem for the foreigners’ people is food there is no good quality of fast food because in our country people likes spicy food like chicken roast and beef. Our country is not safe there is a big security problem for the foreigner’s people and when some one comes in our country all people watch that person because that is new thing for them. The person will also face the living problem and road traffic because the living standard is not good and there is traffic all the times on the road also another big problem for the foreigners is electricity. The electricity goes after every one hour. There is very difficult to live in my country.
Topic: family

Conflict means to have opposing interests and difference of opinions and it may exist between people, nation, societies and regions it can be causes due to social, political, economical, religious, cultural, environmental, and educational upbringing. In Pakistan there are few conflicts in social life. Like many other countries in the world; men are the dominant gender. This may be as a result of lack of education and unawareness of the rights of the others. There are many other Islamic countries where women’s rights are limited, but this does not stand exact true for Pakistan. Pakistani people are much more open-minded than other Islamic communities [1] In this essay I shall discuss about the women jobs in Pakistan according to the life cycle of conflict (PPU, 2008[2]).
Topic: family

In our society male usually works and female takes care of the family activities because people believe that women is too delicate and sensitive to work. Many people believe that family life will also be more productive and peaceful in this way. The up bringing of children can be better in this way. Furthermore, people do not like to expose their females to every body. This is considered a way to honor the women (this does not mean those females are living a depressed life, in a way they are more independent and relax in their life). But there are still uneducated people in our country who never things, that how they can success in their lives now I am going to talk about the real conflict about the cousin of mine with her father. She was very obedient and intelligent from her childhood and in the family every persons loved her because of her humble nature. She was very hard working lady; she finished her education from a well renowned university in Pakistan and she was highly motivated for NGO job because she wanted to help the poor masses of the country.
Topic: family

Conflict arises when people are disagreeing with each other and their belief clash and this was the beginning stage of conflict with her father (PPU, 2008) (2, p.30). Her father was strongly against for her job because her family was well respected in surroundings for her father goodness and financial status but she wanted to do the job to utilize her knowledge, skill and to be exposed the real treasures of life she was very confident lady. On other hand her father insisted that she does not need a job she gets married. This stage was early growth because of their beliefs (PPU, 2008) (2, p.31) both the sides were opposing each others beliefs. The anxious period continued for about eight months she was not willing to marry and her father did not allowed for job both the sides were openly at war(PPU,2008)(2,p.31) even her father did not allow her that she cannot go out side the home.
Topic: family

She talked to my uncle and he talked to her father but he did not listen to his arguments, her father was very aggressive my uncle told him that job will make her better human and she can help the poor people both the sides were very aggressive in their approach and suffered due to this conflict this was the (b. a surge of violence on one side) stage in deadlock according to the (PPU, 2008) that her father said that she should married and no jobs for her. My uncle found a proposal for her the boy had completed his education from America university fortunately they both were cousin. It was agreed upon between the elders of the family that she will engaged first then she will allowed to do job. Therefore a compromise helped to save the happiness of all the family. This incident happened five years ago now a days they are living happy life.
Topic: family

In this article, the author discusses that how women and men behave in different cultures in different countries? Her aim is clear to thinking for some academic space about these terms women, men and politeness. Women, men and language research cannot continue to discuss gender simply in terms of the linguistic gap behavior of women and men except in particular situation and with particular goals. The study argues that we need several analytical changes: firstly, we need to see politeness as occurring over longer-stretches of talk; secondly, it should be seen within the background of a community practice, rather than as simply as the product of individual speakers, and finally, we need to be aware that there may be conflicts over the meanings of politeness. In this essay I shall discuss that women men politeness agreeable and disagreeable (Holmes, 2006).
Topic: family

In this article, the author use different references for her research, she explained in her article “women men and politeness” are agreeable and disagreeable. Women and men behave differently according to Holmes (2006) women reply in a more polite way than men. Women are well-mannered with others and they are very kind. Men are completely different according to Holmes, in some contexts, “aggressive and competitive verbal behaviour appears to be experienced as thoroughly enjoyable and mutual insults may even serve as expression of positive politeness and solidarity” (Holmes, p.330). She explained in her examples that girls are more cooperative with each other then the boys. She studied among the children and found out that boys used more bold disagreements, which means they are talking the exact point no more description, but girls tried to expand the conversation with out any reason according to Maria Stubbe (1991).
Topic: family

I have noticed that Holmes (2006) has not properly taken into account that it might depend very much on the relationship you have with someone e.g. husband/wife, friends, strangers. Sometime it happen that the men are more polite when they are talking with their elders, parents and visitor and sometime they behave differently while talking to their wife and friends. Holmes (2006) the behavior of women and men and totally different, women are positively polite and hard working then the men. The females are not like the male they are very kind. Women have a different characteristics as they have a different role in the society, they are expected to act like a lady and respect to the people around them and that’s the reason they are not that direct as man.
Topic: family

I conclude that it is not a complete picture of reality. How men or women behave depends upon the situation, relation, country, religion. Of course I also agree that women are more polite. But women are not always polite even. Sometimes they are harsher than male even in different situation. How anyone behaves is not easy to capture or understand, this study is good but can not be generalized. It needs a better framework or examples to be done to decide more concrete solutions.
Topic: family

A man is continuously being described as a conqueror and always acts as an oppressor to woman life. But in reality, all those things will not happen again in today’s modernize world. In some area, such as military, leadership, role in family and chances of being promoted in workplace it is found that women cannot survive just as men can do. Society incessantly believes that men can perform well in those areas just because the past had shown that men are better in those areas. This will prevent the women from showing their capabilities.
Topic: family

For example, women have a higher poverty rate than men in almost all nations. In thinking about possible causes of the gender gap in poverty rates, it is crucial to understand that poverty is measured at the household or family level in most all government and academic statistics. Christopher, England, Sara and Smeeding (2000) concluded that for a woman who has a spouse or married women, this thing will only become their minor problem. But for a single mother, it will lead them to become poor. There are two main reasons for this problem, which are they actually earn lower than a man and a fact that they always live together with their children after divorce. Thus, it will direct to a very big problem which is poverty in the family.
Topic: family

Nevertheless, people should notice that inequality not only happen in women community but also men’s. Even from the outside people always sees a man as tough and better in strength, but actually they are suffering inside. A man will not be allowed to express their feeling and act emotionally. For example, a girl may be allowed to act some tomboyish behavior, but little boys cannot be allowed to be a sissy or at least show some sissy stuff. In addition, a woman also can be easily accepted if she is trying to work seriously in the man profession but a man will receive many negative comments if he is trying to work in the woman profession. For example, a lady can simply apply for a career in the army however a man will be question a lot if he is attempting to apply for the nurse job. Perhaps, this thing occur because people might think it is difficult for a man to show the love and kindness like a woman might do where as to show the strength and ability in the army is trouble-free for a woman.
Topic: family

However, equality also exists in gender. Women and men nowadays have an equal right to receive same level of education. In many countries, there is no barrier between level of education applied to men and women. Thus, after receive the same level of education they might also acquire the same high pays job. This will decrease the difference in wage they receive. Rushfan (2008) said that in many areas of Afghanistan, girls are often taken out of school when they hit puberty. Cultural factors related to the ‘correctness’ of sending girls to school, reluctance to send girls and boys to the same school after third grade, as well as the perceived and real security threats related to girls walking to school and attending classes all contribute to slowing down the enrollment of girls in schools. But, however we should be thankful because the same policies did not applied in Malaysia. Woman in Malaysia cannot be disallowing from receiving education as this is an offense under Education Act of 1996 which stated that all children must attend primary school classes until they finish their Standard 6 phase.
Topic: family

Stereotyping always occur in everyday’s life. People cannot escaping from the act of stereotyping others from their days. According to Oxford Dictionary of Sociology, gender stereotyping means that it is one-sided and exaggerated images of men and women one deployed repeatedly in everyday life. In a simple words, gender stereotyping can be clarify as the accusations or assumptions made about a specific gender whether they are true or false. Most of the time however, gender stereotyping is far from the truth but based on past speculations therefore it is assumed as true in the present time. Additionally, it will also persuade someone to put others down because of their gender or believe that they are unable to do a particular job just because they are either male or female.
Topic: family

There are many factors that have stimulated the gender stereotyping issue. The influence from the media, family leaders, schoolteachers, buddies and the respected religious people undoubtedly are the main stimulus of gender stereotyping. McConnell (n.d), described that media always portrayed individuals like sportsmen, celebrities and model as a symbol on how a man and a woman should appear and act. In terms of fashion and physical appearance, those who did not match the body size and the look of these individuals, unconsciously they are judge as “bad” and “ugly”. Also, media constantly shows a man work as a hard labour where as a woman will work at a house, arranging lace and prettying the house in pink. This will shape an idea of a child where he will think that working at home is only a woman job. As for the kids, adults are their role model. For them, no matter what adults do, this will be assumed as a way of life of what a man or a woman should do. For instance, the way the adult stereotype the gender will influence the kids. It will pass along gender stereotypes from one generation to the next.
Topic: family

The weight of scientific evidence demonstrates that children learn gender stereotypes from adults. As with gender roles, socializing agents-parents, teachers, peers, religious leaders, and the media-pass along gender stereotypes from one generation to the next. One approach to reexamining conventional gender roles and stereotypes is androgyny, which is the blending of feminine and masculine attributes in the same individual. The androgyne, or androgynous person, does not neatly fit into a female or male gender role; she or he can comfortably express the qualities of both genders. Parents and other socializing agents can teach their children to be androgynous, just as they can teach them to be gender-biased.
Topic: family

The most common stereotype for a man will be a man is more skillful, hardworking when it comes to practical jobs, always thinking about sex, be assertive, competitive, independent, courageous, and career-focused; hold his emotions in check and too conscious about his life triumph. These are few stereotype views that one’s will deliver to a man. Whereas for a woman, she always be viewed as always put her family’s welfare before her own; be loving, compassionate, caring, nurturing, and sympathetic. It seems so hard to separate them with those stereotypes.
Topic: family

In Malaysia, the trend of a man becoming a househusband is still low. People view on a working-woman is acceptable, but for a woman to work and become the breadwinner of the family whereas her husband will take care of the household chores is still negative. Krishnamurthi (2004) stated that a woman will receive mockery comments and being alienated by the society if she has to work and her husband will stay at home. People will uttering that she is trying to control her husband and overshadow him as a family leader. In my view, the act of such thing will cause many negative effects. Many fathers intent to spend more time with their children but due to lack of time they have to keep inside their intention. A man is stereotype as a tough guy with less love sense like a woman. The act of encouraging them to stay at home will make them develop their love sense gradually. Hence they differentiation between a love from a father and a mother will be wiped out. For the mother, she may possibly work without tension and stress because she need not to worry about her kids as this thing will be under her husband responsibility, not in other people’s supervision .