ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: immigration

Government need to provide food and health care to those illegal immigrants in the detention centre. According to the estimates released earlier in the month of 2014 by the home ministry, daily food and administrative costs for housing about 68,000 undocumented foreign workers in 10 detention centers across the country total nearly 2.4 million ringgit which are $731,000 and these expenses are still not included the medical expenses. If the medical expenses are included, the daily cost swells to 5.1 million ringgit. (THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, 21 Jan 2014).
Topic: immigration

Based on the estimates given by home ministry, if there are more than 68,000 illegal immigrants that need to take care in the detention centre, our government has to waste more than 5.1 million ringgit daily. This means that the money used by the government to take care about the illegal immigrants in the detention centre will definitely affect the economy growth rate of our country as the money are supposed to grow our country economy. This is a cause of concern to many Malaysians who would rather see such resources be put to better use for the benefit and welfare of the local poor.
Topic: immigration

By referring to the Figure 1, it was found that the number of non-Malaysia citizen was the highest. This might be closely related to the issue of immigrants, since more than 27.8 per cent of the population is non-citizens. Despite that, the statistics only shows the official figures of non-citizens. The influx of illegal immigrants is also a huge issue in the state and their actual numbers are most likely not included in the statistics. It is estimated that there is a ratio of 1 illegal immigrant to 750 Sabahans based on the previous arrests.(Wan Hassan and Dollah, 2010).
Topic: immigration

To handle these extensive amounts of illegal immigrants, it is believe that our government has been run a lot of operation in order to arrest the illegal immigrants in Sabah. Those illegal immigrants arrested from the operation will send to the detention center which set up by the government. In the mean time to the process of deporting them back to their own, ours government need to take care about them for the daily food and medical care. Our government had spent RM 604,080,840 in order to manage the foreign prisoners in Sabah’s four prisons in between the year of 2006 till Oct 2012. (Royal Commission of Inquiry (RCI) on illegal immigrants in Sabah, 24 Feb 2013).
Topic: immigration

Published in 2004 by Gover Atlantic Inc, David Von Brehle wrote Triangle: The Fire That Changed America that recounted that fateful day at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory on March 26, 1911. Von Brehle portrayed not only the horrors of the trapped workers in the factory but also included the poor state of worker’s safety and low wages. Von Brehle’s purpose of writing about the Triangle disaster is to inform readers that factory conditions in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century were very unsafe as employees worked for very little pay.
Topic: immigration

The beginning of the book starts off on a brief note of the aftermath of the Triangle fire disaster. It describes how people around the shirtwaist factory reacted to this tragedy including the employees’ family members. The book later returns to chronological order and starts to tell about labor unions, such as WTUL (Women’s Trade Union League), being granted their requests from factories after a long bitter strike. The life of the immigrants is also depicted before and after their departure towards the United States, the “Golden Land.
Topic: immigration

A constant reminder throughout the book by Von Drehle is the mistreatment of laborers and their impoverished living conditions in tenements. A huge wave of job competition due to immigration caused wages to drop. This drop in wages soon led towards the largest labor strike. The Local 25 and WTUL (Women’s Trade Union Labor) helped rally laborers to strike against factories for unfair wages. A fourteen-hour day, six days a week is also mentioned as a constant torture for workers which fueled the organized strike.
Topic: immigration

The author presents both sides of the Triangle fire: the worker’s point of view and the owner’s point of view. Von Drehle allows his audience to decide whether or not the outcome of the disastrous fire was for the good of all. In his view, the Triangle fire sparked a boost to progressives during the early twentieth century. The outcome of the disastrous event is described in the beginning of the book. Family members desperately try in vain to identify their loved ones. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire will be known as the worst industry disaster until September 11, 2001.
Topic: immigration

Another downside to newspapers is that it only points out the situation in only one prospective, but Von Drehle did a great job in combining different newspaper editorials to provide a different prospective of different publishers of the disaster that occurred that fateful day of March 26, 1911. Other historical books that are specialized in a certain area, labor unions against shirtwaist factories for example, were widely used in his book Triangle: The Fire That Changed America.
Topic: immigration

The style and organization of the book was quite different than what I have become accustomed to. Triangle: The Fire That Changed America starts off on the peak of the action as a sort of a preview of its climax. Organization of the book is quite unusual, but it is written in plain English. I recommend this book to anyone interested in early twentieth century history. History is a valuable piece of information and disastrous tragedies should not be forgotten as generations come. I think it is important to read this book since the Triangle fire should not be a forgotten tragedy.
Topic: immigration

The history of the United States of America had always been one of progress. Though the socio-political realm of the history of the nation is partially enshrouded by black veil of struggles, conflicts, and eventual changes, the economic sphere of the American history still conveys about the significant progresses the country has been making since the inception of the process of industrialization. It is noteworthy that industrialization in the United States of America opened new arenas for economic opportunity even though it was ingrained with several sociological drawbacks that included the encroachment of
Topic: immigration

The industrial growth that the United States still boasts on had its inception in the early 1800’s and the progress went through the post-Civil War era. It must be noted that after the Civil War a dramatic change occurred in the realm of American industry. Machines started replacing the conventional hand labor which was once considered the primary means of manufacturing, and this mechanization gradually started increasing production capacity of the American industries in a tremendous manner (‘History of the United States: Industrialization and reform (1870-1916)’ n.
Topic: immigration

Moreover, the development of railways did fuel the process of industrialization greatly as distribution of goods to different corners of the nation far and wide became possible (“History of the United States: Industrialization and reform (1870-1916)”, n.d.). Also, it must be noted that “Inventors developed new products that the public wanted, and businesses produced the products in large quantities. Investors and bankers supplied the huge amounts of money that business leaders needed to expand their operations” (‘History of the United States: Industrialization and reform (1870-1916)’ n.d.). And all these ensured that the United States is on the right track of industrialization and economic progress. For the emergence of the process of industrialization in the United States and for its sustainability, as noticed in the history of the industrialization of other nations, iron and steel played a significant role. Iron and steel became the cornerstone of American industrialization since the Scottish immigrant, Andrew Carnegie, did build the steel industry with a mill that was responsible for integrating all stages of the iron refinement process starting from ore to finished rails (‘American Industrialization’ n.d.).
Topic: immigration

Moreover, it was due to the establishment of the iron and steel industry that it was possible for the nation to witness the development of railways, another factor which instigated American industrialization in a faster pace. In this respect it must be said that over 100,000 miles of railway track were laid between 1877 and 1893 and this process included the standardization of gauge which again initiated more developments and among the developments were the time zone adoption allowing the coordination of systems and the adoption of steel rails that were capable of bearing heavier loads (‘American Industrialization’ n.d.). The process of industrialization of America that carried on between 1870 and 1920 also paved the way for the United States to be the primary nation of choice for innumerable immigrants. It is noteworthy that in the course of American industrialization (between 1870 and 1920) “approximately 26.5 million immigrants from Asia, Latin America, and Europe entered all regions of the United States, with the majority settling in the Northeast and Midwest” (‘Industrializing America: Theme 2’ n.d.).
Topic: immigration

Some of these migrants came to the United States to avoid political and religious persecution while some others reached the land forsaking their motherland for the sake of economic opportunity and financial prosperity (‘Industrializing America: Theme 2’ n.d.). In this relation it must be noted that, the more the immigrants gathered in the United States the more the nation’s workforce was strengthened and this strengthening also contributed significantly to the process of industrialization of the United States. And this is evident in the fact that “Using transcontinental railroads ad river boats, immigrants fanned out across the country to look for jobs: the Japanese in California’s fruit orchards, Mexicans in Colorado’s mines and beet fields, Scandinavians in western mines, Italians in iron mining camps in Missouri, and the Irish in New York factories” (“Industrializing America: Theme 2”, n.d.). But with every boon comes a bane and this was also the case with American industrialization. The more the industries started growing the more was the degree of ill-treatment of the factory owners toward the labor class. To protect the interests of the labors different labor unions started to crop up. But despite of unionism the relation between labors and capitalists could not be improved considerably.
Topic: immigration

As a result labor strife arose in the 1870s and frequent strikes started following and the unrests also encompassed tragic events like Haymarket Massacre which occurred in 1886 in Chicago when a bomb killed seven people and wounded seventy, and such incidents became frequent in the form of events like Homestead Strike in Pennsylvania in 1892 that claimed seven deaths (‘American Industrialization’, n.d.). And the tensions that were generated through these events reshaped the sociological concepts of class struggle in the United States – a concept which is still plaguing the U.S. society extensively. In conclusion, industrialization of the United States was the culmination of different factors that were combined together and functioned collaboratively. And these factors were correlated. As a matter of fact, industrialization of the United States of America opened new arenas for economic opportunity even though it was ingrained with several sociological drawbacks that included the encroachment of capitalist exploitations and resulting militant labor unionism.
Topic: immigration

There are several countries whither Russian immigrants go more often. For the 2003-2008 years period the total number of immigrants was 229,579 thousand people. The first place of immigrants from Russia takes America (85.748 people) it is 37, 35%. They choose this country because salary is quite good, easy to move from one city to another and famous universities for example Massachusetts Institute of Technology or Harvard University are there. The second place takes German. 53.338 immigrants lived there. The main reason why people emigrate to this country is high-quality medicine and high standard of living.
Topic: immigration

As regard to Canada, it is one of the beautiful countries which in rich in natural resources. The total number of immigrants from Russia is 20.015 it is 8,71%. As for Greece, you can see fruits which are growing on the street. Beaches, perfect weather, all what you need. The total numbers of Russian immigrants was 9940 people. The total numbers of our compatriots in Spain was 5077 people. If you have some income, you will be able to wear clothes made ​​qualitatively and eat fresh food.
Topic: immigration

Many people don’t believe that Border-Fencing is needed, while others do feel it is necessary that Border-Fencing be put in place. Border-Fencing is needed due to all the jobs being taken by illegal immigrants. Building the fence would help keep illegal immigrants out and would create jobs.The southern border of the United States is shared with Mexico and spans almost 2,000 miles. In 2011, at a debate over immigration, one Republican presidential candidate signed a pledge to build double fencing for the full length of the Mexico border.
Topic: immigration

However, Rick Perry of Texas, where 1,200 miles of the 2,000 miles exists, was quoted as saying, “…building a border-length fence would take 10-15 years and $30 million, and wouldn’t be cost-effective.” Adversaries of the Border-Fencing dispute that constructing and keeping up a fence through even the most isolated or hostile terrain could cost billions of dollars and maybe not even affect illegal crossings. They also include in their argument that they feel that law enforcement would tend to get comfortable in their patrolling.
Topic: immigration

Thinking that the Border-Fencing would be enough to keep out illegal immigrants trying to cross over into the U.S.. Some drug runners and smugglers will find ways to get through the Border-Fencing, if they can’t go over they will try to go under. Illegal immigrants are a growing concern for much of the U.S. Many of these immigrants are receiving government benefits even without proper documentation or proof. They are being provided low-income housing, welfare, medical benefits, able to work without a green card or Social Security number as well as many other things americans get.
Topic: immigration

All these things ar e costing taxpayers thousands of dollars each year, making it difficult for American citizens to find work, causing crime rate to go up in cities across America. Medical costs are increasing each year as a result of illegal immigration making medical benefits and coverage harder for a legitimate taxpayer to support. Our prisons and jails are becoming overcrowded as America’s population both illegal and legal continues to grow. Some illegal immigrants are able to stay if they are are caught because they meet the requirements for DREAM. Dreamers is a term given to unauthorized immigrants who qualify for Obama’s DREAM ACT-DEVELOPMENT, RELIEF, and EDUCATION for ALIEN MINORS. Dreamers are both Mexican and non-Mexican illegal immigrants and they are found in almost every state in the U.S. According to the American Immigrant Council the largest Dreamers population is found mostly in California and Texas. Under the Dream Act, Dreamers between the ages of 15 and 30 who have lived on American soil for at least five years in a row, are enrolled in high school or have a diploma or GED, no felony convictions, or served in the military are immediately eligible for “deferred action”. Dreamers between the ages of five and 14 will be eligible at some point if “deferred action” is still available. Only in America, can illegal immigrants open and own their own businesses. With this occurring, Americans are finding jobs that used to be readily available for them are now only being offered to other illegal immigrants causing legitimate citizens to file for unemployment, and finding they are unable to financially take care of themselves and their families.
Topic: immigration

Migration is regarded to be the transfer of people from one place to another. This constantly increasing phenomenon is the result of different factors such as globalization or if we enter in more detail, what we call push and pull factors or even compulsory migration due to war or social complications. Nowadays, migration has become a subject of controversy. There is been in the last decades serious limitations to one the most important freedoms the human had for millennia; migration, because of mainly cultural reasons with integration being the tough part.
Topic: immigration

We will be therefore evaluating the consequences of migration and looking at the truth behind them. The economic consequences of migration for host countries have often been faked by social categorization such as immigrants stealing jobs or relying on social welfare to make a living. The basic belief is that migrants take more from the economy than they put in which proves to be completely false. Actually, work by the National Institute of economic and social research suggests that around 17% of economic growth in 2004 and 2005 is attributable to immigration and also a Home Office Study found that that migrant made a net contribution of around £2.
Topic: immigration

However for instance in the UK we can see very little or no negative impact caused by migrants as the UK-born population has experienced a stable employment rate of around 75% over the last decade whilst the number of immigrants has been in constant increase and also the National Minimum Wage found that immigration to the UK has made a positive contribution to the average wage increase experienced by non immigrant workers. These two examples show that actually, migrants do have largely positive economic consequences to the host country beyond spread ideas. These spread ideas are the cause of sadly genuine human behavior ; it is universally acknowledged that when people are experiencing hardships due to factors beyond their control(eg corrupt economic system) they will have to find someone to bear the brunt of their frustrations which are weaker or in minority such as migrants.
Topic: immigration

The economic consequences of migration for origin countries have also been source of controversy. The consequences tend to be more positive in short term to the host country and more negative in long term, hence while migration is regarded in one fashion to be increasing political and economical difficulties for the host countries for factors such as “brain drain”, it is also regarded on the other hand to be one of the major cause of decrease in poverty in the sending countries because of remittances sent by migrants to their family still in the origin country. Actually remittances, following the ONU, represent nor less than 20 billion dollars per year or one third of industrial states funds for help in international development. However brain drain is another issue and counter balances the positive effects seen earlier, as for instance 30 or 40 percent of formed Armenians migrated to foreign countries causing in long term critical shortages of some skills and undermining the ability of some countries to deliver certain public goods such as healthcare. Nevertheless the brain drain effect is still controversial as some of these assumptions may not actually hold, several studies showed that often migrate return to their origin country with greater skills which counter balances the argument.
Topic: immigration

The economic consequences of migration for the sending country still look quite unclear, yet we could consider the effects largely positive for the economy undermining few long term issues. The social consequences of migration for the host country are from far the most controversial. Nevertheless these show to be in some cases quite positive. For instance the United Nations Population Divison has suggested that Europe might need ‘replacement migration’, to cope with the ageing population problem, of between 1 million to 13 million new migrants per year between 2000 and 2050 which shows their importance involving social problems. However migration also reveals to have negative social consequences for the host country, for instance it has in some extent resulted in segregation and the growth of parallel communities, In England, there are appreciable numbers of colored people who entered the country after World War II, although they constitute only 1 per cent of the population, their presence has created an awareness of a color problem. Since they are of varied cultural background (mainly from India, Pakistan, and the West Indies), comparative analysis may show some insight into both the role of race and of cultural differences in the exclusion and segregation of minority groups in England.
Topic: immigration

This is one of the major consequences on the social aspect as it ends up by the population growing apart undeniably causing conflicts or tensions. Another negative effect of migration is due to the significant increase in local population likely to lead to some increased pressures on services including schools, translation, social care or English language teaching. The social consequences of Migration on the host country there seems to be mostly negative and sadly because of integration problems. The social consequences of Migration for the origin country are very important and very closely linked to the studied economic effects however these prove to be mostly negative. The major negative consequence is the change in family composition leading to various problems. For instance the age- and sex-selectivity of Albanian migration puts particular pressure on those married women left behind in rural areas (over 20,000 married women were living without their husbands in 2001). They will have to looking after the family, the house and the land by themselves.
Topic: immigration

These imply increasing social costs on Albanian rural families and communities left behind. They are also very much aware of their increased vulnerability and psychological stress. Another serious problem concerns elderly people who have lost their family and social support because of migration. This could be the source of an increase in mortality rate as long term effects. The social consequences are therefore largely negative. Migration can have therefore very varied consequences as we consider the impacts made on both host and origin countries which can also depend of the wealth of the country and long to short term effects. Nevertheless the overall picture is that migration has tremendous positive consequences on both host and origin country whether it is for economic growth or increasing wages and tends to have largely negative social consequences again for both countries. However, sadly the negative social impacts are in part created by the problem of integration spreading all sorts of stereotypes which keeps migration under limits. This is why in order to regain our most beautiful freedom; we have to all together migrants to get other the spread ideas and learn to coexist happily Jean-Ewen Humphris
Topic: immigration

1.How do you suppose living conditions differ between the countries furthest along in the demographic transition compared to the country earliest in the transition? How would living conditions in these two countries affect both birth and death rates? The living condition for countries earlier in the demographic transitions such as health and food supply are improving. Thus better health conditions decrease death rates and more food supply can lead to increasing birth rates. Since living conditions (health and food supply) are more stable in countries further along the demographic transition and more opportunities are available for women, death rates and birth rates remain fairly low.
Topic: immigration

For less developed countries the population pyramid shows a rapid growth (expansive graph) of population, as for the more developed countries having a more stable (stationary graph) and slower growth of population. Expansive growth is typical for developing countries since most of their population consists of young people while elderly people are at higher risk of death since living conditions are severe. Developed countries have a stationary pyramid showing roughly equal amount of people in the “prime of life” age category, thus inferring that the quality of live in that country is greater.
Topic: immigration

4. How and why does the shape change? How does an increase or decrease in the average childbearing age group change the population? Why do “first world” countries tend to have older childbearing women than “third world” countries? The shapes of the graphs were getting closer to the projected value as childbearing age increased. In contrast, when the childbearing age decreased the population growth was much steeper than the projected values. The childbearing age increased and the population growth rate decreased due women giving birth at an older age. First world countries tend offer women either higher education or the opportunity to work, thus increasing the age at which women give birth.
Topic: immigration

5. Compare the final population pyramid for Italy to the one you sketched of Nigeria. How do they compare, and why are they similar and different? What do you think accounts for the difference? The final population pyramid for Italy and Nigeria are similar in the way that the population is stable and the population growth has reached 0% or is very close to zero. Italy reached a stable population much earlier than Nigeria. While the total population for Italy stayed small, Nigeria has approximately 7-9 times more population for each age group. Italy is further in the demographic transition and already had a declining growth rate keeping the population fairly small. In contrast, Nigeria is barely a developing country with a much higher growth rate thus creating a greater ending population. In terms of land and rural area, Nigeria has more land to expand and sustain this population size.
Topic: immigration

6. Many Western European countries are giving monetary incentives to employees who have multiple children. Why would they do this? How would a baby boom change Italy’s demographics? Western European countries are giving monetary incentives to employees with multiple children because their population is decreasing and they want the population to increase. The average birth rate is 1.28 children per woman, not enough children are born to replace their parents. A baby boom would increase the population in Italy, that generation will then have more babies and cause an increase in population.
Topic: immigration

7. What would Egypt have to do in order to reach a zero growth rate? What kinds of challenges might the Egyptian government face in trying to implement these measures? Egypt would have to decrease their average birth rate to around 1.69 children per woman or increase the age group at which they start having babies. The Egyptian government would have to encourage women to pursue higher education and work in their careers, thus increasing the age group of childbearing. This would be challenging because it cannot be done from one day to another and would require some time.
Topic: immigration

The United States has a greater death rate and lower growth rate than Mexico. The United States is further in the demographic transition than Mexico and people are having fewer babies, while Mexico is having more babies and a fewer death rate. If a significant percentage of young Mexican population migrated to the United State, it would cause the United States pyramid to increase in that age group, also increasing the age group between 0-5 when they have babies. 9. Faced with mounting population pressure and the resultant drain on natural resources, many other growing populations feel this urge to migrate, and other dwindling nations already import labor. What is the expected result of a nation whose population is outstripping its resources and ability to feed its people, yet is not allowed to migrate peaceably?
Topic: immigration

A nation whose population is outstripping its resource and is not allowed to migrate peaceably is a perfect example seen today between Mexico and the US. Thus, we have the problem of illegal immigration towards the United States. This is also seen with illegal immigrants migrating into Mexico from South America. 10. In “third world” countries, what could be done to slow population growth? How might that be enforced? What are the more effective ways of maintaining a near zero population growth?
Topic: immigration

In order to slow down population growth “third world” countries would have to encourage gender equality, thus allowing women to work or get a higher education. This will lead to childbearing at an older age. Also sex education and implementing family planning services with free birth control as those given by “first world” would greatly slow population growth. The more effective ways to maintain population near zero is by decreasing the average birth rate and increasing the childbearing age group of women in “third world” countries. These implementations can be enforced through government policies and programs that encourage women or families to have babies enough to replace their parents. Using the example of Western European countries, the government in “third world” countries can give monetary incentives for families with less children.
Topic: immigration

Social tensions among US society from 1919-1941 came about due to immigration restrictions, racial conflict, and anti-communism. In the early 1920s Americans living in the rural areas, approximately 50% of the total population) were persistent in maintaining a capitalist democracy based on Anglo-Saxon culture. White Anglo-Saxon Americans became alarmed at the increasing level of foreign immigrants arriving by the 20th century. These White Anglos saw themselves as ‘Real Americans’. As the United States slowly adjusted from being predominately rural to a more urban society, also helped create tension through US society in 1919 – 1941.
Topic: immigration

Another one of the main causes of tension in US society was immigration restriction. Politically, the 1920s was a decade of immigration restriction. These restrictions came about as a result of increasing immigrants after World War I. According to Snowman, “in the years preceding the war, something like one million foreigners a year arrived in the US.” Immigration had increased from 110 000 in 1919 to 805 000 in 1921. The historian Snowman also describes that with the large amount of migrants moving to American that the “foreign immigrants were ascribed to many of the vibes of the defeated enemies”.
Topic: immigration

This quote shows how the tensions caused by World War I spilled over into US society and also explains why immigration restriction acts were put in place. President Calvin Coolidge also expressed his fear of immigrants when he said that “America must be kept American”. This xenophobia is seen in many of the immigration restriction acts that were implemented as a reaction to the growing influence of immigrants their ‘differences’. So in 1921 the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 was introduced which capped immigration at no more than 357 000 immigrants per year. This act of immigration restriction was furthered with the Johnson-Reed Act of 1924 which cut down immigration as low as 164 000 people per year.
Topic: immigration

These immigration restriction laws sent a clear message to Americans and those who wanted to be American that Anglo-Saxon culture was to remain the dominate culture of the United States. These racist immigration laws were the background to America’s growing social tensions, anti-communism feelings, and xenophobic response that spawned the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1290s. Racial conflict brought on my immigration was another major reason for social tension in American society from 1919 – 1941. The causes of these early race riots were varied. The Chicago riot started when an African American bather floated into the white area of an unofficial segregated beach. He was then pelted with stones and killed by an angry mob of white bathers. The blame of these race riots goes down to American society’s inability to cope with the rapid social and economic change that occurred at the end of World War I.
Topic: immigration

The war had also encouraged African Americans to look for new opportunities in the North to replace the immigrant workers who could not travel to the United States during the war. This migration of southern African Americans from the 1910s to the 1940s became known as the ‘Great Migration’. Chicago’s African American population grew from 44 000 in 1910 to 234 000 in 1930. Despite the effects of the Great Migration, 80 per cent of African Americans still lived in the South in 1930. The 1920s also saw the development of the ‘New Negro’.
Topic: immigration

This was an urban, educated, literate and outspoken African American. Many whites felt threatened by the political nature of the ‘New Negro’. Some whites particularly those who belonged to or were influenced by the Ku Klux Klan, resorted to violence in response to their fear of growing African American confidence, prosperity, education and pride. So by 1925 the KKK had recruited up to 4.5 million white Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) members.
Topic: immigration

” The Ku Klux Klan are a strong example of the racial tension in US society. The rise of both of these groups created great tension in US society in the period 1919 – 1941. The period of 1919 – 1941 saw a rapid change of national identity fuelled by tensions among the United States society. The issues of immigration restrictions, racial conflict, and anti-communism led to xenophobic feelings within American society. These feelings often led to violent outbreaks in US society. These issues therefore are the reasons for growing tensions in US society during the period 1919 – 1941.
Topic: immigration

Migration in America has actually been a topic of intense argument through American history. Americans appear to always want to single “immigrants” out as being a bad person per say, and the border patrol as heros. Is it actually fair to make that judgment based simply on history? I sure do not think so. There’s more to immigrants then there history, there’s a factor why they concern America and it is not always planned for evil. Think it or not, after checking out The Devils Highway by Luis Alberto Urrea, immigrants are the great men just requesting for another chance at life.
Topic: immigration

Households continued to grow”. These Mexicans needed cash to survive; they needed better opportunities that Mexico was not offering them. Pertaining to America was their only choice. Not coming legally, these walkers gambled at life down the “hazardous border”. It was a chance worth taking. “Great men”, these immigrants were trying to much better there future no matter what it took. Why could not the Border Patrol accept that? The Devils Highway was a road leading to a rude awakening, wasn’t that bad enough. If you think differently read other
Topic: immigration

Crossing the border illegally, through the Devils Highway, these walkers knew exactly what they were walking into before their journey begun. The Devils Highway is also known as Desolation. As an empty place, desolated for that matter. You’re really walking into your own death by taking this risk in coming to America. Being that I support illegal immigration, I also feel that not everyone comes for the same reason. Rather than, like the walkers, coming to America for a better way of life, there are others that come for negative reason.
Topic: immigration

One main concern that the Border Patrol comes across is drugs being smuggled into America and our government will not tolerate that at all. Any walker that has bad intentions and brings that nonsense across the border with them should not be allowed in the United States. Therefore coming to America should be both legal verse illegal for different reasons. As long as border patrol is doing there jobs, they should be able to distinguish the two, make a separation and not confuse the two. Wait, but what exactly is Border Patrol? Is it actually just patrolling the border? Is there job only to catch bad guys? In the Devils Highway, Urrea sometimes makes it seem like Border Patrol along with the Coyotes.
Topic: immigration

As a writer and a reader I still ask myself, is it possible to categorize any of the people in The Devils Highway as “good guys” or “bad guys”. The decision still remains uncertain to me. With immigration being an intense topic of debate, I feel that ones action should not determine whether they be a good or bad guy. The Border Patrol agents just simply do there job, and the Coyotes simply are apart of the walkers (immigrants). Having different people discussed in the book, Urrea gives great examples to debate the sides of good and bad guys. It is just a matter of what its right and wrong, and what is for the people not against it.
Topic: immigration

Migration process stemmed from ancient times when people move from this location to other location due to the fatigue of nature resources. Pass thousands year of development, individuals have not only browsed for natural deposits for their need but likewise they have actually searched for a life with high quality of living, education and social security. Nowadays, there are many individuals living for away from their house nation. Environmental issues, poor, conflict and riot, corruption and space in between abundant and bad countries are all aspect cause migration.
Topic: immigration

Foreign-born persons (in the United States) accounted for 16.4 percent of the local labor force – 23.1 million people (Singer 2012). Furthermore, over one in every four foreign workers in the United Stated are Mexican – made up approximately 4 percent of labor force (Grieco & Ray 2004). Furthermore, according to Labor Force survey of Eurostat (2013), in 2012, 8.6 million foreigners who came from outside Europe worked in 27 countries in Europe. These data figures suggest that the supplementation of migrants from developing countries into labor force in developed countries were strong evidence for the benefit of migration. However, it has been argued that migration leads to brain drain in developing countries.
Topic: immigration

The International Organization of Migration (IOM) estimated that Africa has lost one-third of its human resources, particularly skilled people (Siddiqui, 2012). Since 1990, proximately 20,000 doctors, university lectures, engineers and other professionals have gone to developed countries every year (Unesco, (n.d)). This view claims that brain drain is a worrying problem in some countries that have a small number of qualified people in workforce. For example, Ethiopia has the highest rate of losing human resources. Over 10 -15 years ago, 50% of Ethiopians did not come back their country after finishing their courses in foreign countries (African Renaissance Ambassador (n.d)). Moreover, between 1988 and 1991, 74,6% of human capital from many different organizations was lost in Ethiopia (African Renaissance Ambassador (n.d)).
Topic: immigration

Additionally, 75% Jamaicans who are highly educated have been in the United States (Newland, 2003). According to Migration Policy Institute, a huge proportion of highly skilled people – 12% of population in Mexico is working in the United States and 30% of its was PhDs (Newland, 2003). Therefore, if losing highly skilled people continues, impact of brain drain from migration to developing countries is enormous. The is no denying the fact that developing countries have lost many highly skilled people due to migration but they also got benefits from its. Firstly, developing countries received a lot of remittances from migrants. In 2010, according to the Factbook’s, remittances from migrants sending back to developing countries increased from $307 billion in 2009 to $325 billion in 2010 – three times the size of official development assistances (Theguardian, 2010).
Topic: immigration

Most of remittances amount are transferred to middle- income countries. Furthermore, remittances have an important role in some poorest countries that made up to 25% of countries’ GDP (Theguardian, 2010). Secondly, there is a trend for migrants to return their home countries taking new skills and knowledge back with them base on policies for attracting talent of the government in developing countries. For example, Chinese government has attached special important to seek and develop talent for Chinese living aboard in recent years through some programs such as the 2008 Thousand Talents Program; 2010 Thousand Young Talents Program; 2011 Thousand Foreign Experts Program; 2011 Special Talent Zone and the 2012 Ten Thousand Talent Plan.
Topic: immigration

The purpose of those programs was to attract Chinese migrants return back and contribute their talent for the development of nation. In 2008, over 3,300 Chinese highly skilled professional returned back their home countries by The Thousand Talents Program (United Nations Chronicle (2013)). Consequently, the problem of brain drain would not be a matter of concern of migration from developing countries to developed countries. Another issues are migration can reduce poverty in developing countries. At national level, remittances from international migrants have considerable effect on poverty. According a survey of Adams and Page (2005) which crossing 71 countries, investigated that every 10% of increasing in official international remittances per capita causes decline of 3.5% in people living poverty.
Topic: immigration

Furthermore, international remittances was proved as a method for “ deep and severity of poverty” in Latin America, East – West and South Africa, South Asia and other religion (Adams 1991; Adams 2006; Ajayi et al. 2009; Anyanwu and Erhijakpor 2010; Fajnzylber and Lopez 2007; Gupta et al. 2007; Lachaud 1999). In Nepal, national poverty rate decreased from 42% in 1995-1996 to 31% in 2003-2004 because of growing significantly in remittances (World Bank 2006). In addition, remittances were responsible for considerable reduction on poverty at family level. In South Africa, remittances from migrants accounted for 32% of household income in rural (Rwelamira and Kirsten 2003). In overall migrant household income in the four districts of Bangladesh, 55% of its were from international remittances (Siddiqui & Abrar 2003).
Topic: immigration

According to the IOM household remittance survey of Bangladesh (2009) investigated that remittances were cause of 20% migrant household who have increased household income at least once. Dang & et all (2010) found that families have members which are migrant can earn more money and save it better than family with no migrants. In Ghana, the impact of economic shocks on household welfare had already decreased significantly due to remittances (Kwankye and Anarfi 2011). On the other hand, some studies found that international remittances are likely to increase income inequality.
Topic: immigration

In 2006, base on data of household survey in Ghana, Adams investigated that Gini index is a standard measure of income inequality, increased from 0.402 to 0.413 when remittances are included in family income. Furthermore, richer family received remittances much more than poorer family in Eastern European and former Soviet Union (World Bank, 2007). Milanovic (1987) also support for this idea after using panel date from the 1973, 1978 and 1983 Yugoslavian household survey, the inequality is increased due to international remittances. According to Stahl (1982) and Lipton (1980) migration tend to increase inequality in rural areas because only wealthy families can give facilities for searching better change for family’s members in urban or aboard. In addition, a study of Adams (1989) indicated increasing inequality has happened Egypt because of international remittances.
Topic: immigration

It has argued that international remittances have no impact to increase significantly income inequality, even decrease income inequality index. In 2006, Mckenzie analyzed data of 214 cities with population less than 100,000 people and investigated that migration is a cause of increasing income inequality in the early period but as levels of migration increase, remittances tend to reduce income inequality. Additionally, a survey conducted in Philippines by Yang and Martinez (2006) with a sample group of 26,121 families, which showed that the impact of international remittances on income equality was not statistically significant. Moreover, other report also indicated that remittances have positive effect to increase income and decrease income inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean (Acosta & et al, 2007).
Topic: immigration

In another recent study, Gubert, Lassourd and Mesplé-Somps (2009) found that poverty rates in Mali decreased from 16% to 11% and income inequality by about 5%. Similarly, remittances have been toward for improving the welfare of poorer rural households (Stark and Taylor (1989); Adams (1991)). Therefore, international remittances have impact of decreasing income equality in developing countries. Migration is not problem for one country or one area of the world. Furthermore, migration has both positive and negative effect to country of origin and destination. However, the fact is that developing countries continue to face challenges to brain drain and income inequality caused by migration.
Topic: immigration

Today, “the number of people in the U.S. who are in poverty is increasing to record levels with the ranks of working-age poor approaching 1960s levels that led to the national war on poverty” (“Poverty in the United States,” 2012). When looking at the increasingly important issue of poverty in the United States, one cannot help but wonder how this will affect future generations and the stability of the nation as a whole. In order to fully understand the problem at hand, poverty must first be defined, have the causes and effects of it examined, look at it from a world-wide perspective, and then consider how it will affect the future of the United States.
Topic: immigration

There are two kinds of poverty: absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute poverty, or destitution, refers to the lack of basis needs such as food, water, clothing, shelter, health care, education, and the necessary supplies to live hygienically (“Poverty,” 2012). When poverty is measured in relative terms, it is defined contextually by the median income of where people live (Smeeding, 2006, p. 71).
Topic: immigration

location in which a person lives. “Since the 1960s, the United States government has defined poverty in absolute terms. When the Johnson administration declared ‘war on poverty’ in 1964, it chose an absolute measure. The ‘absolute poverty line’ is the threshold below which families or individuals are considered to be lacking the resources to meet the basic needs for healthy living; having insufficient income to provide the food, shelter and clothing needed to preserve health” (“Poverty in the United States,” 2012).
Topic: immigration

“A 2001 poll in the United States asked: ‘In your opinion, which is the bigger cause of poverty today- that people are not doing enough to help themselves out of poverty, or that circumstances beyond their control cause them to be poor?’ Responses were nearly evenly split between ‘people not doing enough’ (48 percent) and ‘circumstances’ (45 percent)” (Iceland, 2006, p. 70). There are many speculations as to what the causes of poverty in the United States are and studies show that the main causes are both social and economic, both of which will be discussed here. Problems leading to poverty in the United States include family status, the level of education of the head of household, age of the head of household, and race.