ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: family

In the lower classes there was likely to be less of an age gap, and the husband and wife had usually both worked as servants before they married. Therefore they had a basis for a relationship. I also got to witness a household through my stay in which they started calling their household a family. This was a new term that was becoming more common during this time period. As observed, I noticed that the most common households were based on one married couple and their children. Another common type, I found among people was using a system of inheritance in which property was passed to a person that has been termed the stem family household. The person who gets the property remains in the household with the parents after he or she married, forming a second family that might produce a third household generation.
Topic: family

A sess common was a structure was seen which is referred to nowadays as the extended-family household, it was based on a married couple and their sons which all remained in the household after they married, along with their children. Not only was I a bystander in the how the household was ran, but I also focused on the children and their education. Depending on the social status of the family and child depended on how they lived their lives. The few toys that have survived look much like the balls, sticks, hoops, dolls, and marbles of later times. There were occasional references in writing games and children of the poor who lived in very small houses probably did most of their playing out of doors. It was thought that children needed to be raised in a disciplined and controlled manner.
Topic: family

Also I watched many young children the age of around seven start intense learning for their education. Peasant children of both sexes started helping around the house even before they were seven. As in peasant households, training was determined by gender differences. Girls learned needlework and basic household management skills, while boys were taught horsemanship and hunting. At the age of five, six, or seven, some boys and girls began formal schooling. As I watched and learned a lot about the lifestyles of the people in Rome I discovered more information about their society as I moved through Rome.
Topic: family

Over 500, 000 Americans are considered homeless. Over the past decade, the problem has decreased but is still a very serious issue. Poverty causes homelessness in a wide range of demographics, which could be resolved by providing affordable housing. Homelessness is caused by a wide range of issues. There have been two trends concerning this issue in the past decade (Howson). The two trends include the shortage of affordable housing and poverty. Poverty has become the number one predictor of homelessness. Declining wages and unemployment play a big role in the cause of this poverty.
Topic: family

This issue is also a trend in rural areas. In rural areas, females within a family are more likely to become homeless. This issue also occurs commonly in women who have experienced domestic violence from family (Rukmama). Homelessness can be resolved through a variety of actions. Most people go through this issue alone and are scared to ask for help. Many people assume that the homeless put themselves in the situation, so they deserve it which is very untrue (Kroger). Most people are unaware of the fact that many people cannot help their situation. The act of providing affordable housing is believed to be the most effective action to lower homelessness rates throughout America (Howson). Offering a place to stay can help someone get back on their feet and decrease their risk of sickness, especially in elders. If people were more aware of the situation and more willing to help the homeless population would likely decrease in years (Christian).
Topic: family

Poverty can also be seen in school-aged children. Many are unaware of their situation, causing them to be unable to help those students in need. This is also to be said about teachers who teach children that live in poverty, as well as those that are homeless. Head Start which is a nonprofit organization that is funded by grants from the federal government has been a leader in helping to help educate children ages birth to five. Head Start does not just educate the children that they serve, but also the families of the children in their program. Head Start helps the families of the children they serve in several ways, which include assisting parents in obtaining their GED, housing, help with paying bills, etc. Families start the school year by making a family goal that they hope to obtain by the end of the school year.
Topic: family

For families who are homeless, this could be a huge encouragement as well as a steppingstone to a better life for them and their children. Throughout the school year, a family service specialist meets with the family to see where they are in fulfilling their yearly goal. If all school systems would adopt Head Start policies, we could be more involved in not just students’ lives, but the family as well. This could help identify those children who are at most risk and could be a game-changer when dealing with our homeless population. We would be able to assist parents in planning to obtain suitable housing, and being about to keep housing, giving stability to not just children, but the family. Homeless students often lag far behind other children in poverty academically. They are coping with stigma and trauma. They also may not have access to basics such as food, clothing, a place to sleep and bathe, let alone school supplies.
Topic: family

Educators should be educated on what to look for in a homeless student, and what steps they can take to encourage, uplift, and teach children who are coping with this type of trauma in their lives. All schools should offer special hours for children to come in and shower, use the washer and dryer to wash clothes and should have access to basic supplies to bathe and wash clothes with. Many schools send food home with children on the weekend to ensure that children have food within their home that they can eat while they are not at school. For our homeless population of children, we should have a system in place somewhere on the school property that children can access food anytime they need it. As educators, it is not only our job to educate but to also meet the basic needs of children who we care for daily. Within the homeless community children of many demographics are affected.
Topic: family

As we look closer, when compared to those children who are not homeless more children with learning disabilities and behavioral issues are homeless. As an educator, we face a challenge of identification, the effect of homelessness can mirror the challenges of a disability. As an educator, we need to be informed and educated on how to deal with these issues. The educators also need support from the school councilors as well as the whole school system. Although many special needs students battle homelessness, they do not deserve any fewer education rights of an ordinary student. Many faces added barriers such as language barriers and not having a parent to advocate on their behalf.
Topic: family

According to studies, children who are homeless need special education services at two to three times the usual rate. Many of those that are homeless face a battle they cannot go through alone. Homelessness is a major issue in the United States. Even with the rates annually decreasing, it is still one of America’s top ten issues. Americans should work together and become more aware. This could help provide affordable housing, poverty would decrease in a range of American demographics potentially resolving the issue of homelessness.
Topic: family

In 1995, 67% of children ages 1016 reported that they had participated in a school-based CSA prevention program. However, this percentage has significantly declined in recent years because of increased focus on other topics, such as bullying prevention, standardized testing, substance use, and intimate partner violence. Despite this shift, the implementation of CSA prevention programs within school systems remains ideal because of the ability to concurrently reach multiple children in that setting. However, in recent years, there has been resistance to establishing CSA prevention education within the schools, as some believe that talking about sexual abuse is not appropriate in a school setting.
Topic: family

According to Topping and Barron, CSA prevention programs might be limited because of constraints on funds and time. Some CSA prevention education critics also argue that these types of programs place an unfair burden on the child to report or prevent CSA attempts and that it may not be appropriate to expect children to defend themselves against perpetrators. In fact, Walsh, Zwi, Woolfenden, and Shlonsky found in their meta-analysis of several school-based CSA prevention programs ‘evidence of improvements in protective behaviors and knowledge among children’.
Topic: family

She stated, ‘They groom them at a young age and so they break down their resistance and by the time they get to middle and high school, they are assimilated already into this lifestyle and so they think it is normal.’ Another participant had similar thoughts and discussed the importance of empowering children to protect themselves. She stated, ‘We can’t protect them all the time, and I think it is important to give them the knowledge that what’s happening to them is wrong and that they can make a difference by saying no’.
Topic: family

Likewise, another participant discussed how teaching children to protect themselves from predators is fundamental. She went on to ask the question, ‘how do you go to school and learn to become a successful adult and have good decision-making if you are carrying this around?’ Another interview revealed, that at every turn around every corner, there is someone who is looking to take advantage of that child, and that child needs to understand how to protect him- or herself. This participant went on to describe the importance of equipping children with the language they need to express what is happening to them. One participant discussed how many parents do not know how to educate their children or how to appropriately respond if a child discloses sexual abuse.
Topic: family

‘It’s an adult problem, it needs an adult solution’. Another participant shared similar thoughts and discussed how parents should be providing this type of education to their children at home. Another participant discussed how some parents might be averse to having their child participate in CSA prevention education at school. He discussed how these parents might be concerned about discussing CSA with children who have not previously been exposed to sex and how perhaps this type of discussion could pique their curiosity. This participant countered this by stating, ‘What better way to do it in a controlled environment and you can answer the questions that they may have’. Another participant also discussed how some parents do not believe their children should learn about CSA prevention at school, but that many of these children are simply not being educated at home.
Topic: family

He stated, ‘What those parents don’t understand is that while they may be proactive in what they’re doing in educating their children about these types of things, 90% of the kids in schools today are not getting this education at home’. Another participant went on to discuss how teachers also do not get enough training on this topic. Although research is limited to the efficacy of CSA prevention programs, outcome data indicates that effective programs promote education and awareness, decrease stigma, and increase rates of reporting sexual abuse. The data that emerged from the participants provide valuable perspectives on the challenges and benefits of CSA prevention programs and how professional school counselors may advocate for their implementation within the schools.
Topic: family

This article opened me to a new problem that I can become face to face with in the classroom which will affect the affected student. Research was conducted to evaluate the number of children facing this problem. Different kinds of awful mishaps can prompt Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Sexual maltreatment is an especially vile kind of injury as a result of the disgrace it ingrains in the person in question. With child sexual maltreatment, causalities are frequently too youthful to even think about knowing how to communicate what’s going on an search out assistance. When not appropriately treated, this can bring about a lifetime of PTSD, depression, and uneasiness.
Topic: family

In contrast to this, Anju’s mother Gouri Ma was treated well by her husband Bijoy. His death did not shatter her. Instead she was determined to realize her husband’s dream of providing good education to the girls. She says: ‘ I do not have the luxury. I made a promise and I must use all my energies to keep it.’ (34) She did not care about the society. Gouri Ma becomes a symbol of power and strength. Both Aunt Nalini and Gouri Ma are widows, who are subjected to face the curse of social stigma and social marginalization.
Topic: family

It is Pishi who reveals the dark secret’ to Sudha that her father is the one responsible for the death of Anju’s father too and that he has no biological relation with the family. Sudha carries his secret for a long time. It is only when she moves to US that she receives a letter from Singhji, revealing that he is her father, who had been living with them for the past years. He lived there disguised as their servant, obediently following their advices.
Topic: family

Singhji says:’ It was then I realized that, having given up my identity, I’d become like the viewer of a movie who weeps for the characters on the screen but cannot help them.’ (313). The reason behind this discrimination is that Singhji is not a member of the high class Chatterjee family. The society always exploits such people and look down at them with contempt. In The Vine of Desire which follows the story of Sister of My Heart, the condition is nonetheless different.
Topic: family

The Effect of colonization on separated children from their families as government policy remains lifetime impacts to the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stolen generations. Those children were constrained to throw away their Indigenous cultural identity and adopt European culture. They were not allowed to practice their own language, and some were adopted by white families and several were set in an institution. Those children denied love and experienced physical, emotional and sexual abuse as a result which left them with exceptionally profound, complex and real sores.
Topic: family

Hence experiencing an unstable living conditions which in turn leads to unstable relationship with their partners; their way of life is more dependant and integrated with geographical location and believed nowhere to go when they are in crises. The physical and mental trauma created a flowing legacy of pain and suffering among the Indigenous community which subjects to poor health with a higher number of anxieties, depressions, Asma, stroke and cancer leads to short life expectancy than non-Indigenous community.
Topic: family

I think as a child my parents civic action affected my civic engagement tremendously due to the fact that I couldn’t drive and sometimes had no choice. I think for me as a child I was mainly dependent on my parents and what they were doing in the community to affect my involvement. As for most kids, I just followed what my parents did. As I have gotten older it is more up to me on what I get involved in and do with my spare time. I think for myself now, I am more civically active than if my parents didn’t raise me in it. I do believe that they have affected my civic engagement for the most part.
Topic: family

I plan on influencing my kids in the same manner as my parents did with me. I want my own children to get engaged at a younger age. Have them continue in a steady church and school so they will feel more comfortable in their community. I believe that children are the start of good things. I want to be involved myself so my children will want to follow in my footsteps. Children are very influential so by being a good role model, I hope they will appreciate me when they grow older. I appreciate what my parents did for me and hope the same for my kids.
Topic: family

I act different around my friends, around authorities such as police officers, principals, and teachers and I act different by myself or with family. With my friends I act different by being outgoing, loud, fun, and trying to make everyone laugh. This is different because I’m always trying to be loud and funny. I am changing to a more outgoing personality because I want to be fun and have fun with my friends. The role I am playing here is the fun, outgoing friend. Another situation I might act different would be around authorities. I find myself doing this quite often and not necessarily on purpose.
Topic: family

I might act one way and then when a police officer or a teacher walks in the room, my actions change ever so subtly. I tend to be quieter and get extremely nervous. I do this, I believe, because in my opinion I’m being respectful. I have always been this way and tend to be the quieter one in the classroom. I, personally, find it more courteous. This is my way of being polite and honoring their position. The role I am playing in this situation would be a respectful student or citizen. The last way I might act different would be by myself or around my immediate family. I would say I’m more vocal about what I really want to do and how I’m feeling. I tend to be more myself and most of the time I have more fun. I think this would be the closest to my actual personality and my comfort. I am able to act this way is because I’m around my family the most and sometimes they judge me but it’s all love. The role I am playing here would be myself.
Topic: family

I think what Cooley was saying about the looking glass self is that when we are around others, we act upon how they are acting. The example Cooley uses in the book is how professors have to determine if her students understand or if they are engaged in the subject she is teaching. Most of the time we take someone expressions differently then how they mean them. When you are out at Wal-Mart, you see a group of girls they are whispering and looking your way. Naturally you would start to feel self-conscious and try to remove yourself from that situation as quickly as you can. Cooley is saying that what if they weren’t making fun of your lazy outfit or the tired bags under your eyes. We might be taking other people’s expressions the wrong way and causing ourselves to be self-conscious.
Topic: family

According to Mead the generalized other is about how a person’s behavior is affected by their social environment. We change our personalities due to social norms. No one wants to feel like the odd one out or judged by being different from the trends. Mead explains this to us and called it the generalized other. We base our actions and personalities around what we think others will like. What we are thinking may not even be true but because we sit and overthink, it becomes a real issue for humans. The role of the student/citizen I think the looking glass self has socialized me in many ways. One way would be that I always get nervous when a teacher calls on me or asks to talk to me and when a police officer pulls me over.
Topic: family

I am most likely not doing anything wrong but because I worry about getting in trouble, I change my behavior and personality to avoid the chance. With the generalized other I think it socialized me by making my behavior change due to the norm of society. When called on in front of the class, by the teacher, about my opinion on something I get nervous that what I say will be different than the norm and I will get judged. I overthink when put in situations like these that cause me to not be vocal about certain things.
Topic: family

There are almost 250, 000 children born in the year of 2014 teen mothers in the United States alone, according to the Ministry of Health and Human Services in the United States. Some 77 percent of these pregnancies were unplanned. Teenage pregnancy can change the course of a young teenager’s life. Pregnancy puts her in a place where she is responsible not only for herself, but also for another human being. Pregnancy does not only create physical changes in the body of a pregnant woman.
Topic: family

Stated in the data Office for national statistics that “the number of pregnant adolescents under the age of 18 to the low address half in the past eight years, there were 21 pregnancies out of a thousand women in the year 2015 in this age group’. According to these data, it may be because girls are determined to complete their education because they have access to contraceptives or because of fear of the stereotypical image of teenage mothers. The data indicate that the highest proportion of pregnancies recently, I had women after the age of forty, adding that the ratio of the number of pregnant women in this age group has become more than doubled and reached 15.1 pregnancies among a lady. The number of women who decide to conceive after the age of thirty, except that childbearing age Favorite many still ranging between the ages of 25 and 29 years, according to the report of the data Office for National Statistics. In 2015, there were 125 pregnancies for women at the beginning of 30 years, compared to 125 for women in their late twenties. “Pregnancy outside marriage”
Topic: family

According to this data, “a lot of women work after the age of thirty due to the increase of their concentration on their own careers and increasing house prices and the cost of raising children’. The report noted that “concerns of lack of employment opportunities in the future may be one of the factors to delay having children’. It stated that more than half of all pregnancies and births were extramarital in England and Wales in 2015. The report revealed that the largest proportion of teenage pregnancies under the age of 18 in my city, Blackpool and Bruneian general, the number of pregnant teenagers in England and Wales reached its lowest level since 1969 in 2015.
Topic: family

Wearing teenage pregnancy social issues including low educational levels, poverty, and other things represent life negative children mothers of adolescent girls. Also, when teenage pregnancies in developing countries are extramarital, they are stigmatized in many cultures and societies. In addition to that it is desirable and welcome from the community and family if it was within the framework of marriage even though teen pregnancy in those states is closely related to malnutrition and access to health care, poor health, and this causes health problems. The risk of unintended teenage pregnancies can be reduced by promoting the idea of contraception.
Topic: family

There are 3.7 million females under the age of 18 who give birth every year in developing countries, and if that number is included with all the global pregnancy numbers, the ratio will be much higher. Early motherhood can affect the child’s psychological development, where the child is weak in weight, exposing him to other problems that may last a lifetime. Also exposed to high risk of delays in language, problems of behavioral problems and disabilities, which increases their likelihood with the children resulting from adolescent mothers.
Topic: family

There are studies suggesting that teenage mothers are less likely to stimulate the infant through the peace-loving, touch, smile, and communicate oral or verbal, or to be acceptable to their requirements. Another study found that these socially supported mothers were less angry at or punished for their children. The likelihood that children are also suffering from an academic performance is weak, as they burn, they score less marks in exams Standard may fail to graduate from high school. Girls are likely to become teenage mothers, too, like their mothers, and boys are likely to spend time in prison.
Topic: family

The poem I Ask My Mother to Sing by Li-Young Lee is about his grandmother and mother singing a song and how it makes Li-Young Lee feel. This poem really shows how powerful emotion is portrayed through singing or a song. Most poem’s also have a rhythmic theme to it that make some lines or all lines rhyme, but this poem doesn’t rhyme this poem sounds more like a regular story. This poem is a song sang by his mother and grandmother to the speaker and it shows how it affects him.
Topic: family

Children growing up in poverty experience many disadvantages which accumulate across the life become cycle going around them. Poverty has multiple, negative impacts on children’s outcomes can lead them to inequalities in health, cognitive development, psychosocial development and educational attainment. These inequalities are evident from preschool children through children during the school years, from entry into the labour market or to any other resources for retirement, from mortality rates in later life, and often on to the next generation.
Topic: family

Besides, educated mothers would have fi-nancial independence and autonomy to make diet choices, which has been shown to improve dietary and nutrition outcomes for children (131, 132). On the contrary, having a college-educated mother was found to increase the risk of overweight/obesity. As most college-educated mothers would also be working or have careers, the conflicting time pressures that mothers experience could be influencing them to go for more convenient and ready-to-eat foods (133).
Topic: family

Chinese mothers if you ask gatekeepers wherever all through the world, what they wish for their children, most by far of them would answer that their children should have a happy life. Does it suggest that gatekeepers direct every single movement for their youngsters to take. At the point when an adolescent become acclimated with follow orders from his/her people continually and doesn’t have any kind of chance in his/her additional time, wouldn’t this overbearing adolescence and zero opposition toward the child lead to frail concentrations and slip-ups all through child’s life.
Topic: family

This is, however somewhat of a Catch 22, since she in the beginning of the article composed that not every Chinese mother are the equivalent “If a Chinese youngster gets a B which could never occur there would be a shouting, hair-tearing blast.”. She is persuaded, that a Chinese parent can treat their kid in any capacity they need to, calling them names and compelling them to get things done, they would prefer not to do, while western guardians can’t be pundit at all or request anything of their kid without destroying the selfesteem of their youngster “Chinese moms can say to their little girls “Hello greasy Lose some weight.“
Topic: family

On the other hand, Western guardians need to pussyfoot around the issue, talking regarding “wellbeing” and never notice the f-word, and their children despite everything end up in treatment for dietary issues and negative selfimage”9. In the advanced world, it’s everything about venturing up and becoming well known, regardless of in case you’re on Wall Street or a piece of the underground music unrest. Numerous years back, China’s economy was a disaster area, individuals starved and you must be the best to endure.
Topic: family

Call it Darwinism, however these individuals needed to battle to be something, and I think this is the means by which this Chinese method for bringing up kids was made, and we gained from Amy’s article, that Chinese youngsters are as yet raised along these lines. On the off chance that a small kid is splendid at for instance an instrument and a video is posted on Youtube and it becomes famous online and individuals find out about it, they once in a while ask “Is the child Asian? ”. At that point individuals snicker, yet it’s interesting in light of the fact that it’s valid.
Topic: family

This is the reason we on American secondary schools consistently observe white and dark children hang out together, however the Asians are as a rule for themselves. It’s normal to make limits for your youngster, the kid should realize the distinction among good and bad, however should not discover that mingling isn’t right. Perhaps Amy didn’t get harmed during the time spent being culminated by her folks, however I’m certain few out of every odd Chinese kid resembles her. We continue looking at leaving a superior planet for our youngsters But what about leaving better kids for our planet.
Topic: family

The reason for this investigation is to address this hole in the writing by looking at whether there is a relationship between child-rearing styles, School ecological components juvenile self-destructive conduct among center teenagers. This examination additionally distinguishes a portion of the elements or factors that impact child-rearing styles, School ecological elements, pre-adult self-destructive conduct, for example, gender, age, social financial status, family structure, Limited research is accessible concerning the conduct of guardians in Indian set up. Scientists have amassed an enormous group of work to infer that child-rearing without a doubt matters, and that different components of child-rearing assume an essential job in deciding how and what youngsters realize, and how this shows in kids’ conduct and consequent connections (Patterson et al.
Topic: family

, 1990). Some may conjecture that regardless of how great parents social displaying is and regardless of how sustaining and steady guardians are, ecological hazard components may exceed great child-rearing for the kids to even now create conduct issues. Even though we know about India’s high recurrence of savagery and vicious violations among young people, we don’t realize in the case of child-rearing, family and school condition assumes a job in the advancement of such results and if it does, to what degree it might be.
Topic: family

Concerning figures, explore has customarily analyzed the impact of mother on youngster’s change (Berg Nielsen, Vika and Dahl, 2003). While ongoing examinations recommend that father and mother may each autonomously add to the clarification of some conduct issues in adolescents (Veneziano, 2000). There is a lack of research right now in India. So the current investigation is wanted to dissect the job of various however interrelated factors like Parenting styles, Family Relationships and School conditions corresponding to the issue of fierce conduct or animosity in the juvenile time frame. So the issue of the investigation might be expressed as: ’Child rearing Styles, Family Relationships and School Environment School instructive program ought to be participatory, process-situated and non-critical, not prescriptive, should empower teenagers to comprehend and haggle to exist and continually changing lived real factors.
Topic: family

Teachers need to unlearn and learn to encourage the powerful exchange of this curricular region. This is applicable regarding substance, mentalities and academic modalities. The program should empower youths to verbalize their issues and know their privileges, counter disgrace, and dread, develop confidence and self-assurance and build up the capacity to assume on liability for self, connections and (to a degree) society around them. and level of training. Child-rearing as the style of youngster childhood alludes to a benefit or obligation of mother and father together or autonomously to set up the kid for society and culture which gives plentiful chance to a kid to discover roots progression and a feeling of having a place and fills in as a successful specialist of socialization. Even though child-rearing, as an impression of the guardians of their mentalities towards the kid, happens to be of extraordinary essentialness in the elements of conduct for socio-mental examines, how youngster sees his/her child-rearing consistently stays an ignored period of scientist and ought to be esteemed generally significant as he is the one whose procedure of socialization represents encouragement.
Topic: family

Singular encounters, not just assistance in comprehending self-character and self-perfect yet may likewise lead him to see, think and act in a self-coordinated way. In this way, it shows up the kid view of parental disposition towards him ought to be of extraordinary worry in the elements of conduct in open new roads of research for a more profound test in the area of parent-kid relationship Two situations home and school share a persuasive space in pre-adults life exists a one of a kind juxtaposition between the two. As per Sagar and Kaplan (1972), by its very nature, the family is the social organic unit that applies the best impact on the advancement and person’s conduct. [34]
Topic: family

By the family-school condition gave new open doors as far as advanced education and vocation openings, Optimum possibilities of center teenagers. The school condition is a psychosocial atmosphere of auxiliary evaluation schools apparent by young people. Suicide is an intense issue. the subject of discussion for analysts just as for the everyday citizens. Way to deal with Parenting: Teens whose guardians are strong and mindful, however who Also reliably screen and implement family governs, are bound to be inspired and fruitful in school, just as mentally and truly solid… Among youth ages 15-24 years of age, suicide is the subsequent driving reason for death. A gradually expanding influence of requirements is made when a young suicide demise happens. Reacting fittingly is basic to guaranteeing that everybody influencedfamily, companions and the school networkgets the correct sort and measure of help.
Topic: family

An Indian investigation indicated that the suicide rate was most elevated in the 15-29 years age gathering (38 for every 100, 000 populace) trailed by the 30-44 years gathering (34 for every 100, 000 populace). The National Crime Records Bureau report of 2009 shows a comparable example. Youth in the age bunch 15-29 years represented the biggest extent (34.5%) of suicides followed by those in the age bunch 30-44 years (34.2%). Different examinations in India likewise demonstrate that youthful grown-ups are at expanded hazard, with ages 20-24 years followed by 25-29 years indicating the most elevated paces of suicide in a mental dissection study, and the 15-39 age bunch distinguished as the most powerless in another investigation. 66% of ladies who finished suicide were The overall suicide rate is 11.2 per 100, 000 persons, ranking suicide as the ninth leading cause of death. Although age-specific rates of suicide have consistently been highest in the elderly, the incidence of suicide among adolescents and young adults has tripled since 1955 higher rates of suicide are reported in the Western states. Other Adolescents and young adults.
Topic: family

Acknowledging that cultural rules are obeyed only when they serve and fulfil their purposes, I propose and urge the society to rethink about the authenticity and originality of the bride price. Further, I instill that the reconsideration of the practice should result in a unanimous agreement of a definite amount of wealth, affordable by almost every groom, to be bestowed on bride’s family. Finally, if the practicality and applicability of this solution is impossible, then the cultural practice in question should definitively be abolished.
Topic: family

Although marriage is a universal institution, they are multiple ways of engaging people into it (qtd. in Nkosi 4). In Africa, because of the multiplicity of ethnics, cultures and traditional beliefs, the institution of marriage has got different terminologies: roora, lobola, ilobolo, and lobolo. Since in Mozambique the most common and most used terms are lobolo and bride price, I variably make use of them throughout this essay.
Topic: family

In this essay I take into consideration the term lobolo to refer to the customary token bestowed by the groom on his bride’s family. Similarly, the term bride price denotes the reciprocity between two families; that is, one family gives a daughter and the other gives an aggregate of wealth. In accordance with Bourdillon, I understand the term culture as the enclosure of every aspect that one society calls to mind its dwellers. These aspects, include languages, behaviour, art, music, dancing, knowledge, ways of operating and thinking, values, beliefs, technology, and leisure (7). Moreover, culture is the identity of a paralleled group of people. I also make use of the term marriage to elucidate the act of recognizing and legalizing the marital sexual relationship between a lady and a gentleman. In addition, marriage is a continuous process of knowing and letting the counterpart be what he or she really is. This is a profound sacrifice and commitment to one another in the marriage.
Topic: family

A lot of study has been done and many scholars have written on this contentious discourse of lobolo. Western scholars, unsympathetically castigate the practice of bride price postulating that the process of monetary transaction is corresponding to the act of buying an object (qtd. in Nkosi 7). As a result, women are taken as though they were slaves or men’s property. A set of African scholars, in response to the western perspective assume that it is of the remarkable importance not to look at lobolo superficially, but as a practice “a deeper cultural meaning” (qtd. in Nkosi 7). Additionally, Mbiti elucidates that the custom of bride price is not a form of buying a woman, but it is a token of gratitude on the part of the bridegroom’s people to those of the bride for their care over her and for allowing her to become his wife” (qtd. in Ng’ang’a 2). The focus, therefore, is not on the transference of the wealth, but one something more than that.
Topic: family

Complementarily, lobolo can never be abolished. Considering the positivity of lobolo, a group of women, blissfully and categorically, announce that, “lobolo is here to stay” (Shope 65). It is the culture and the tradition that they inherited from their forefathers. Hence, they have to carry it on. Further, consolidating the previous idea, women categorize that the practice has a precious connotation, for it holds them in high regard and the entire clan of theirs. “If a large sum of money is paid for you, it really shows that you are loved and merit” (Chabata 13). Finally, another set of scholars infers that the practice of lobolo is no longer relevant, for it has lost its original sense which I will discuss in the following paragraphs (Nkosi 64, Chabata 13 and Matope et al 192). People have made it to digress with its authentic path.
Topic: family

The practice of lobolo was instituted to originally, culturally, and religiously legalize the marriage and marital sexual relationship. Indeed, the following processes of the payments of lobolo legalize the marriage: first payment consist in presenting a hoe or a goat to the bride’s family with the purpose of transferring the women’s rights over sexual regards to the husband (Nkosi 26). The second consist in presenting the cattle to the bride’s family. This has a spiritual connection with ancestors who acknowledge the marriage and, therefore, they have a positive influence on the children that the woman will give forth (Bourdillon 57). These payments are fulfilled along the years as children are born. Failure to these payments, the marriage is considered a casual sexual relationship or prostitution. Further, these two processes also play a role of bringing the two families together and to get to know each other.
Topic: family

Culturally, bride price is one of the ways of portraying the appreciativeness to bride’s family, for patiently bringing her up. The mother carries the fetus into her belly for nine months. So, the groom has to appreciate and thank the family (Nkosi 64). The task of raising up someone is a heavy duty. Therefore, an educated and conscious groom has to depict some thankfulness to the bride’s family, for everything. By giving the cattle or goats or even some money to the bride’s family, the groom depicts his capability and warrant the bride’s family that he is competent of caring for their daughter. In fact, through the transference of those items, the groom assures the bride’s family and the preoccupation is less (Ng’ang’a 2). They believe that their daughter is in safe hands.
Topic: family

As far as the culture is concerned, lobolo fortifies and brings down the index of divorces in the society. Indeed, once a couple is culturally engaged into marriage divorce is virtually unthinkable (qtd. in Ng’ang’a 6, Nkosi 77). Divorce, can only happen if the husband does not sexually satisfy the wife or if he inconspicuously has some extra marital affairs, and consequently, neglects his wife (Bourdillon 66). Furthermore, the couple can only break up if the wife shows an inability to cook, to do the laundry, and to care for the household. Lobolo is to compensate the loss of a productive daughter. As a matter of fact, the wife dedicates herself working in the field and look after the household; she also works for her husband and his family (Bourdillon 37). This follows that what she got from her parents will be beneficial for other people. Therefore, something must be given to her family. Now woman’s productivity is made of education, clothing, feeding, and so on. These are the reasons why Mozambican society keeps the practice of paying bride price to bride’s family.
Topic: family

Yet, even though currently the practice of lobolo seems to be of such an extraordinary importance in some societies, particularly in Mozambique, I think that there is need to redefine it. The society has to come together and either determine a definite amount of wealth that the groom can afford, rather than asking for the groom the amount that is above is capacity or to completely abolish it. This is because of the following reasons: first, the culture is worthy being observed only when it fulfils its purposes; however, bride price has, currently, lost its genuine merit and implication in the society due to the thoroughgoing changes that it is undergoing.
Topic: family

Consequently, it no longer fulfils most of its purposes. Secondly, lobolo has been a commerce since its very beginning. Finally, the practice of lobolo brings about some awkward effects on the society such as domestic violence and marital sexual abuses; it encourages premature marriages that compromise the education and the future of most girls; it promotes gender inequality in the family and disempowerment of women; and it is also inhumanity in the society. I believe that setting a definite amount of wealth to endow in bride’s family or just to abolish the savage custom and ignoble culture of lobolo, should be some of the ways to undertake to sort out the upheavals mentioned above.
Topic: family

Owing to the radical modifications that bride price presently passes through, I think that the practice has to be revised. Most of these drastic changes are on account of the economic crisis. The cattle that the groom gave to the bride’s family have been substituted by a substantial amount of cash. Furthermore, the cattle and or the money enabled bride’s brother to pay their lobolo. Currently, bride’s father uses the money as he pleases (Bourdillon 37). Reached at this level, astonishingly, one would put a question: what spiritual symbolism does the money have in connection with ancestors? And since it is a culture that must be carried on and transmitted from age to the other, why does the bride’s father have to use the money for his own purposes, rather than on the original purpose? These radical changes depict the practicality and flexibility of the culture in walking rhythmically with time; when the environment and the circumstances change, the culture also suffers some modifications and it adapts itself so as to fit in.
Topic: family

Lobolo no longer compensates and exhibits sign of thankfulness to the bride’s family. Bourdillon affirms that lobolo is to compensate bride’s family for the loss of a productive daughter, the girls were well behaved, and virgin (37). The circumstances of our present day are wholly different from those of the past. In the long distant past, the society demanded women to observe such practices. Currently, although parents try by all means to instill morality in their children, the influences from outside distort them. How difficult it is now to come across a virgin! Moreover, status of women and the roles that they now play in the society have tremendously changed. Their primary task is no longer in the fields. Most women are just as empowered as men. Finally, I strappingly believe that to educate and invest in children both academically and morally is the primary errand of parents. Therefore, the purpose of lobolo of compensating and thanking the bride’s family has no a sound and reasonable justification.
Topic: family

The practice of lobolo has failed to fulfil its purposes in terms of safeguarding the family and of decreasing the index of divorces in the society. Once again, the environment played a vital role in this matters to the extent that divorce was approximately nonexistent. Currently, Mozambican societies witness more cases of divorce than ever. For instance, only at Mozambican High Court of Maputo 42 cases of divorce could be registered in a week last year. These were only the reported ones. There is a possibility that the unreported ones were even twice than this. These divorces are brought about by misunderstanding of the essence of marriage and immaturity of the spouses. They also come about due to the difference of religion, sometimes because of selfishness and dichotomy in relationships or extra marital affairs. Sometimes, they come about because of bad influences and various teachings. Some other times, divorces are due to inability of the men to provide the basic needs for the family due to economic crisis. Besides, forced marriage contribute a lot to this problem. Finally, I also think that domestic violence, intolerance, and lack of deeply knowing each other also linger in contemporary society.
Topic: family

Bride price has become the source of commotion and tension between two families. In fact, according to the Mozambican culture, marriage is essentially a peaceful contract between two families” (Bourdillon 52). Presently, admirably, instead of bringing two families together, the practice causes quarrels, pandemonium, and tension between two families. Materialism, mistrust, and the slight modifications ere the main justifications of these problems. The groom, differently from the past, is insisted to endow all the money into bride’s family before the marriage takes place (Bourdillon 38). If the young man demurs a bit in paying the expected token, the father in law-to-be can demand for it or else he can cancel the process of marriage. On the other hand, the delay also depicts the inability of groom regarding in taking care of the bride.
Topic: family

Bride price promotes premature marriages compromising the education and the future of young girls. In the past when there was a bad harvest, a family without enough to live on could relieve the situation by giving a small girl away into marriage and use the bride price to get some food (Bourdillon 61). Unfortunately, this awful habit still lingers in our days. Despite of the legal prohibitions of child marriages, Mozambique still witnesses a lot of them. Nearly one in two girls throughout that country are married off before their 18th birthday. Generally, these young girls are married to people who are much older than them. Premature marriages do not only compromise girls’ education and their future, but also causes some other negative effects such as contraction of HIV/AIDS and other diseases. Furthermore, since the body of the girl is not yet prepared to give forth children, there is a high possibility of mortality. Therefore, premature marriages affect the entire world, for these young girls are the sap of the world.