ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: family

Proximity is how close or far away a person is when you’re talking to them. One of the most comfortable distances for proximity is one arm’s length. Keys for me to remember when talking to someone would be to make sure I’m aware of what my body language is saying. Does what I’m saying watch my facial expressions? Being aware of my own nonverbal communication can make a conversation better not only for myself but for the other person I’m speaking with as well.
Topic: family

Times are truly changing and this change has been exceptionally portrayed in Michael Gow’s theatrical drama “Away”. (Michael Gow, 1986, currency press PTY LTD) Away is a story of many different families and characters, which is one of the key reasons that will allow it to reach a broader audience for your show. Through out the play many diverse concepts are explored and they include the idea that new insight and perspective can cause change. Within the text Gow uses the physical notion of going away to represent a symbolic journey that the characters will undergo.
Topic: family

This has the effect of increasing tension and provides the audience with insight into the pre change nature of Gwen. As the text continues Gow places Gwen in many situations of conflict, the most substantial of these includes argument with her daughter Meg. This confrontation is extremely ironic as Gwen is ignorant of her qualities however easily identifies them in others. An example includes “Your developing a nasty streak, your becoming a snide, nasty snide girl” from Act 2 scene 3.
Topic: family

This also shows the audience how reflection is often all that is needed for change, however in the case of Gwen a lack of, may cause no change. This is one of the many techniques that makes “away” a perfect selection for your program as it allows the audience to clearly contrast the qualities of the characters. As the play progresses Gwen is forced to face much adversity which comes due to the fact that up until this point Gwen has lead such a structured lifestyle and doesn’t know how to cope when things are out of her control.
Topic: family

However when a horrific storm occurs she is stripped of her material positions, which shows that once the superficial things are gone an atmosphere for change can be created. This is seen through the use of truncated sentences during the storm “The stove, my purse, the boat will be washed away” which increases the tension and highlights the importance placed on material items. As the story concludes, the families meet at a beach. This beach becomes symbolic of the rejuvenation that will occur there. At the beach Gwen faces her catalyst in learning about tom’s illness.
Topic: family

This allows her to reflect on her lifestyle and learn to appreciate the life that she has. This change is seen in the stage directions “the women come back crying and supporting each other” which shows the first time Gwen hasn’t been entirely in charge. This post change nature is also seen in the play at the beach, were Gwen leads the applause. This passion is juxtaposed to her reaction after the first play at the school and is a clear indicator of the post change Gwen. This makes clear that change can be brought upon by external factors and the reflection of one’s self.
Topic: family

All these factors and techniques brought together with the fact that this text remains relevant and interesting makes “away” an excellent option for SBS and in particular “times are changing”. The Island “The island” (Armen Greder, 2005, Patmos verla GmbH) is an excellent picture book by Armin Greder which tells the story of a man who is a foreigner to an island populated with a xenophobic group. It makes an ideal text for your show as it addresses many key issues like belonging and the change that stems from it.
Topic: family

This books message is clear and it is the fact that the lack of change that can come from imposing superficial barriers. This is very relevant to today’s society making it a great option to consider. The book begins with an image of the naked man and the islanders. Within images on the first and second page there is a clear disproportion of the amount of framing that taken up by the foreigner and the natives. This use of framing exemplifies the power imbalance and it highlights the ability for the islanders to make constructive change. However it also illustrates the discomfort that may come with change.
Topic: family

As the book progresses the natives are convinced to take the man in, however there true feelings prevail and the man is sent to goat pen where he must fend for himself. This isolation is seen in the characterisation of the islander’s postures, one of the men has his back completely turned while others are in defensive stances. This depicts the complete rejection of change that is felt. As the book comes to a close, fear of the man begins to increase once again and this is shown in the hyperbole of the islanders when saying “we can’t feed everybody, we would all starve”.
Topic: family

This fear then becomes the factor that prevents change and the catalyst. The Fear also leads to the islanders exiling the man and building a wall around there island. This wall would be symbolic of the islander’s rejection to change. Throughout the book the same concepts are seen and it is the fact that superficial barriers can be a blockage to change. Unicef Website UNICEF (www. unicef. com. au, UNICEF Organisation) is a development organisation which is aimed to providing a better standard of living for many children around the world and its website is the medium in which it conveys its message.
Topic: family

UNICEF explores change in a totally unique and interesting way making it ideal for a program like “times are changing”. I personally believe that this form of text will appeal to your audiences as it is modern and engaging. This Websites attempts to express its concept that many small changes can amount to substantial change. The immediate attention that is gained when opening the UNICEF webpage is the salient image of two Zimbabwean children. This use of salient imagery instantly grabs the viewer’s attention and illustrates the conditions and pre-change circumstances of the children.
Topic: family

This idea is then reinforced with the demand gaze of the children, which shows the need for things to be altered. This Gaze along with the salient image highlights the idea that change can be a tough process, however it is very necessary. This is a concept that would be applicable to many of the audience of a show like “times are changing” which makes this website a perfect text to explore. Within looking at the text the catalyst of this need for change becomes obvious, and this is the inequality that is seen throughout the world.
Topic: family

Away, The Island and the UNICEF website all convey many aspects of change. These aspects are similar in some sense, however are also very different. Within “away” the main ideas of change were quite similar and correlated to the other texts as they similarly involved superficial barriers that prevented or delayed change from happening. In the case of “away” these superficial barriers were the material positions that Gwen held close to her, not allowing her to appreciate the family and the life that she had.
Topic: family

All in all, the mixture of these concepts provided a rich and engaging source of entertainment and knowledge for the viewers of times are changing. When making a comparison between there concept of change and the methods in which they were shown it is clear that they are interrelated . These concepts convey messages that are pertinent to a wide audience and they gave a unique way of looking at many of these pressing issues making them idealistic for a broadcasting station like SBS and in particular “times are changing”.
Topic: family

Osborn & West (1979) found that 40% of sons of criminal fathers were criminal, compared to only 13% who had non-criminal fathers. This is consistent with most family studies, but the evidence is insufficient to ‘prove’ the heritability of criminal behaviour. Family studies have numerous methodological problems; for instance, it is impossible to separate genetic and environmental contributions to behaviour (Raine 1993). Most researches tend to investigate twin and adoption studies, when seeking a biological answer for criminality.
Topic: family

Alternately, if adopted children are more similar to adopted parents, this provides a strong case for environmental influences. Studies have shown that criminal biological parents lead to a high frequency of criminal offspring (more so when both parents are criminals). Bohman, Clongier, Sigvardsson & Knornig (1982) investigated the relationship between environment and genetic factors using cross fostering analysis of petty crime. The result showed, when both factors were present criminality was 40% compared to 12% for genetic factors alone and 6.7% for environmental alone.
Topic: family

It could be argued therefore, the interaction of environment and genes accounts for the higher numbers of criminal behaviour. In adoption studies, factors such as socioeconomic status of the adoptive home, time spent by the individual in foster care, criminality in adoptive home and knowledge of the biological parents must all be taken into consideration (Cadoret 1978). Whilst contemporary theory has moved away from the notion of a single ‘criminal gene’ towards polygenetic considerations, the 1950’s and 1960’s saw the emergence of an explanation for violet crime in terms of an individual, identifiable genetic abnormality – the XYY chromosome.
Topic: family

The association between the XYY syndrome and crime came from studies that suggested that XYY males had a disproportionate inclination to violent offences. Owen (1972) reviewed the evidence and suggested otherwise, describing a number of shortcomings with the research: including difficulties with the identification of the extra Y chromosome; the fact that the rate of XYY males in criminal populations is not radically different from non-criminal populations; poorly controlled measures of aggression and violence; and that sexual rather than violent offences appear to be more frequent with XYY males.
Topic: family

However, another review by Jarvik et al. (1973) favoured the view that XYY males are over-represented in criminal populations compared to non-criminal populations. A study by Witkin (1976) involved testing over 4000 men for the presence of the extra Y chromosome. Only twelve cases were identified: whilst these twelve men were more likely to involved in crime than might be predicted on the basis of chance alone, this was not found to be violent crime. The data provided strong support for the relationship between criminal behaviour and the extra Y chromosome.
Topic: family

However, the link specifically with violent crime remains unsubstantiated Furthermore, there are individuals with XYY syndrome that are not criminals, and the vast majority of criminals do not have any chromosomal abnormalities at all. Other theories regarding criminality focus more on the social influences of behaviour. It could be argued that a major determinant of violent or aggressive behaviour is social learning (Bandura, 1974; 1977; 1989). Social learning theory argues individuals learn through modelling, that is, copying the behaviour of others.
Topic: family

However, how or what an individual learns varies according socio-cultural background, as their models will differ in each context (Sternberg, 1995). Oatley (1993, in Sternberg, 1995) posits that individualistic cultures will experience more criminal behaviour than collective cultures, perhaps due to the informal social controls of these cultures. Sternberg (1995) further argues that given social learning is an important factor with regards to criminality and violent behaviour, careful attention should be paid to the kind of models individuals present to each other.
Topic: family

Another form of social learning can be explained through the theory differential association (Sutherland, 1939; 1947, Sutherland & Cressey, 1970; 1974). Although differential association theory is frequently defined as a sociological theory, differential association theory has clear links with social learning theory. Differential association theory not only describes the necessary social conditions to produce crime, but also attempts to explain the processes by which the individual becomes criminal.
Topic: family

Differential association theory is an attempt to explain crime in terms of social learning and proposes that through contact with other people who hold favourable definitions towards crime, similar definitions are learned. It is important to note that the theory does not propose that the learning has to occur through association with criminals, but rather with people who hold definitions favourable to crime. For example, parents who tell their children it is wrong to steal might, however, show examples of dishonesty such as not informing a shop assistant if they receive too much change in error.
Topic: family

Firstly I recommend that my supervisor takes the children for a ‘nature walk’. I have made this recommendation because after observing these children I noticed that they were interested that were the leaves come from. So by taking the whole class for a ‘nature walk’ the children will get to know were leaves and twigs come from. Secondly I recommend that my supervisor has a day especially to talk about the seasons the teacher can do this by, getting the class to sit down then talking to them about what happens in nature when spring, summer, autumn and winter occurs.
Topic: family

html> this part of what was said by Jean Piaget supports both of my recommendations made in E8, because both of my recommendations consists the children to be active. Because my first recommendation is a nature walk and here the children will be active. My second recommendation consists the children being active because they will be having a discussion about seasons and life cycles. So you can see that my first and second recommendation made in E8 is supported by Jean Piaget’s statement.
Topic: family

I think that what Jean Piaget said is correct because in my point of view children learn when they are active. By looking into detail about what Jean Piaget believed in, Teena Kamen states in her book that “Jean Piaget believed that, children are actively involved in structuring their own cognitive development through exploration of their environment. Children need real objects and concrete experiences to discover things for themselves” (2000, pg96). This statement made by Teena Kamen about what Jean Piaget believed supports my recommendations made in E8.
Topic: family

Because a part of the statement made by Teena Kamen says that “children need real objects and concrete experiences to discover things for themselves” (2000, pg96), and in my first and second recommendation the children will have a concrete experiences, firstly by having a nature walk and secondly they will concrete experience when they have a discussion. Both of my recommendations made in E8 are supported. E9 & B1 & E10 After doing the children playing with natural materials observation, I found out that every child is an individual and develops at different rates in whatever way.
Topic: family

Also by carrying out this observation it made me more aware of how a simple leaf and twig printing activity helped the children to gain more knowledge and understanding of the world. I have gained a lot of important information and this information is going to be very useful for my supervisor. Also by carrying out this observation I have found out this group of children are at the correct developmental stage, but we must remember each child develops at their own pace. Now my supervisor can organise more nature orientated activities to help enhance the children’s knowledge.
Topic: family

I have also learnt that by giving children their independence can also contribute towards their learning. Therefore, in the future, I can ensure that I allow the children to be independent to play in a child initiated play environment so that they can reach their potential. By using what I have learnt, in future practice I will provide the children with a variety of natural materials to play with, so that it enhances and promotes their learning. Also by carrying out this observation it has strengthened my understanding on how children play with such limited items and gain so much knowledge out of it.
Topic: family

D1 The Children playing with natural materials observation that I carried out on a group of pre-school children was a period of 13 minutes approximately. When my supervisor read my observation she found out that how a simple leaf and twig printing activity helped the children to learn. Then in her next week planning sheet the said that she would arrange for a nature walk for the whole class. She also mentioned that next week she will have a talk with children about the seasons. My observation has been effective for my supervisors weekly planning.
Topic: family

He creates them so fully that we get their good points, their bad points and their downright ugly points. This makes it very hard to sympathise with any of them. However, there are some characters we can sympathise with in Euripidean literature. As the reader or the audience we can fully sympathise with Alcestis. The play ‘Alcestis’ is an exploration and detailed analysis of how much of a noble sacrifice the title character made. Alcestis gave her life so that her husband could continue to live.
Topic: family

However, Hecabe, then turns slightly mad, actually she does go mad and turns into a raving savage when she orders Polymestor’s eyes to be scratched out. The only character in ‘Hecabe’ that we can fully sympathise with is Polyxena. She dies as a sacrifice to Achilles but she dies with honour, respect and dignity. Qualities that are incredibly hard to be revered for, but she does and she is one of my most favourite characters in not only Ancient Greek tragedy, but in all theatre. The play ‘Heracles’, one could argue that one could sympathise with the entire family of Heracles.
Topic: family

Heracles was so pleased to be aback home with his wife, Megara and his three sons. Then Hera makes him go mad and kill them all. To serve him right for this, the Delphic Oracle tells him to go into service under the tyrannical Eurytheus as a slave. Heracles then completes his twelve labours. For this reason, we can fully say that Heracles had no conscious want to murder his own family and is deeply upset when he finds out that he did. As it was the work of an immortal god, her action makes us hate Hera, not Heracles.
Topic: family

If anything, we can sympathise with him, which makes the description of his mad bout that much harder to read or hear. In ‘Hippolytus’, the title character comes across as a very ‘holier than thou’ arrogant little man that actually we’re not all that sad to see him dead. Harsh, but true in a lot of peoples minds. However, some would argue that it is Theseus that is the character that we can fully sympathise with. He acts as any angry and hurt man would when he finds his wife hung holding a note accusing his son as the man who raped her. He acted irrationally and understandably so.
Topic: family

What makes him so human is the fact that when he finds out he was wring, instead of wallowing in self pity, he begs the wronged Hippolytus for retribution and the two’s relationship when Hippolytus dies was one of a loving, sorry father and a wronged but forgiving son. In ‘Medea’, the title character and her husband, Jason, both evoke a very unsympathetic reaction from the reader or the observer through their actions, Medea especially. We do however feel sorry for Medea’s children. They are helpless and used as pawns in Medea’s premeditated murder of Glauce, the princess that Jason has just married.
Topic: family

They are then killed by Medea to enact revenge on Jason. Their feelings nor individuality are never considered and then they are brutally murdered by their mother. They are whom we can fully sympathise in this famous play. We can sympathise with Hektor in ‘Rhesos’ as despite his pride, he allowed the Thracian king to aid him and his Trojan army against the Greeks. The play also ends with him going out to fight after his main ally has been murdered hoping for victory, which we know, won’t come as the Greeks eventually sack Troy.
Topic: family

In the same play, we can sympathise with the title character. The king of Thrace has come with his army to help out Hektor. In order to come he has had to battle another army and fight against strong winds and storms. Yet his loyalty fuelled his determination to get there. However, when he does and he goes to the sleep on the same night, Odysseus and Diomedes form the Greek camp murder him. We can also sympathise fully with the Thracian charioteer who was murdered after Rhesos. He only woke up as he forgot to feed the horses and was murdered while doing it.
Topic: family

In ‘The Children of Heracles’, we can fully sympathise with Macaria (known as Maiden in the play) she is the daughter of Heracles, who is now deceased. She is a minor form of Polyxena and dies for the good of others although not much emphasis is based on this fact. As you can see, Euripides did create characters that we can sympathise with and what they all have in common is that they all seem human. They’re not just characters in an ancient play, they have qualities that we can relate to.
Topic: family

Alcestis and her undying love for her husband, Theseus and his irrational and angry attitude after the death of his wife and Rhesos with his loyalty to friend in need. All of theses characters and those mentioned above, enhance the plays as if there is nothing in a play we can relate to, then we can’t feel the emotions that the characters feel making our reading or viewing pleasure less interactive with what the playwright is trying to get across. The basic human emotions, Euripides puts across brilliantly in his plays which make them that much more successful.
Topic: family

Social attitudes towards children started to essentially change with the introduction of the Factory Acts (1819) which released children from mines and factories and the introduction of mass education in 1870. Better standards of living and nutrition also lead to decreasing infant mortality rate. Such changes didn’t necessarily result in a more child-centred society. The state’s decision to ban children from mines and educate them had more to do with need to increase the capability of the workforce by making them more numerate and literate.
Topic: family

E.g. the 1980 Child Care Act gives importance to the “wishes and feelings of child”. The Support Act (1991) re-emphasises that the principal concern of the state should be the child. Recent emphasis put the importance of the authorities listening to what children themselves say about experiences and necessity. They stress that there should be a partnership between local authorities and parents to protect the welfare of children. Some children have recently used the Act to divorce their parents. Others have also “forced” separate parents to see them more.
Topic: family

The 20th century is seen as the century of the child in the UK. Social attitudes towards children continue to be positive. Children are seen to be in need of society’s protection, although society in the form of the mass media is often seen as threat to psychological well being of children. The responsibility of children is firmly located in the family and supported by the state in terms of legislation. Women in particular are largely viewed responsible for children’s welfare. Sociology of childhood is surprisingly lacking in research about Experiences.
Topic: family

This theory is based upon Rousseau’s (1712- 1778) work he was a French philosopher. He believed that children learn naturally like an opening flower bud and are programmed to learn things at specific times; he also believed that what ever adults did children would also develop (nature). Rousseau thought children would develop regardless if there was a significant influence of an adult or environment or not. There were other psychologists like Fodor(1983) he believed that the development of mental concepts like space, number, time are ‘wired in’ to structures in the brain which are inborn which makes the adults role limited.
Topic: family

This is the theory which is based upon that of Signum Freud (1856- 1939) who was also known as the father of psychoanalysis. Freud came up with the theory of personality which focuses on the unconscious mind. He sees the child passing through a series of pre-determined psychological stages as the personality develops, which are based upon the child’s level of physical maturation. These stages are called psycho sexual stages as they are part of the human drive to grow, feed, and reproduce.
Topic: family

Freud believed that we are all born with unconscious biological instincts, these must be learnt to control. Each one of the stages makes sure children mature and learn control. Oral stage: baby has drive to feed and engage in activities which involve the mouth and lips e. g. sucking, biting. Freud thought that how a child was weaned off breast or bottle would affect them and their future personality. Anal Stage: is when young children need to learn to control their muscles especially their anal muscles.
Topic: family

E. g. through potty training. The way in which they are trained is thought to have an effect on their future personality e. g. over strict training leads to a bossy or obsessive personality. Phallic stage: this relates to when children have sexual feelings towards their parents e. g. boys have sexual feelings towards their mother and wish that their fathers did not exist (Oedipus complex) girls also having sexual feelings but towards their fathers (Electra complex).
Topic: family

By the age of 5 or 6 years children had to learn to give up these feelings and to identify with the parent of the same sex. Freud thought how children managed this stage could have an impact on future relationships especially with opposite sex. Latency stage: this period covers middle childhood from about six years till puberty. It is a latent period as children are not ready to express their sexuality. Genital stage: this refers to the onset of puberty, when adolescents become more ready for sexual activity.
Topic: family

Strategies are set out for enhancing children and family services and sets key priorities for social services, education, health and other partners in order to improve services for children at risk and families in most need, particularly those living in more socially disadvantaged, culturally and ethnically diverse communities. It also builds on measures of success in working together with parents and children to agree plans and partnerships which produce real results. The objectives link closely with those set out in the Green Paper “Every Child Matters”.
Topic: family

The five key objectives of the strategy for consideration are: Protecting children from emotional, physical and sexual abuse and neglect; Promoting health and well being, ensuring healthy lifestyles, development of positive social skills and emotional resilience; Supporting achievement and enjoyment, development of skills and knowledge to enjoy childhood and facilitate social inclusion; Enabling participation and supporting responsible behaviour in the local community, economy, and services; Valuing diversity and confronting discrimination in relation to ethnicity, cultural background and ability/disability.
Topic: family

One could assume that early intervention services (National Health Services, Schools, Communities and Welfare Services) have the greatest impact when they are provided as part of a coordinated network. By facilitating integrated service responses, such as improved national and local case management arrangements, fewer children and their families will face acute problems. Proposals of increasing the range of recreational and developmental opportunities available in a given community also form an important element of a holistic response to the needs of children, young people and families in general.
Topic: family

The types of programs developed to address local needs will depend on existing programs and community strengths, what young people and their families want in their community e.g. home based help, care and support initiatives, information and support services and how services and others join together to make decisions and take action. A particular issue for local level planning is the increasing number of young people with multiple problems for instance, who are homeless with a mental health problem and a substance misuse problem, which are not able to obtain the help they need. Better coordination between local-level services providers and improvements to the service infrastructure in communities represents a sound starting-point for addressing these issues.
Topic: family

During the past 25 years, a number of researchers have completed longitudinal developmental studies of large groups of children growing up in community settings (Christchurch longitude study; Fergusson & Lynskey, 1996). Within these groups of children, many characteristics of the children and families were examined, and the life course of the child was charted into adulthood. These large studies contained hundreds of children with outcomes varying from successful to extremely poor. In looking at the characteristics of children with different outcomes, the researchers (Bowlby, J. 1951) have identified consistent risk factors which are often associated with the development of negative outcomes, such as school failure, psychiatric illness, multiple hospitalisation, criminal involvement, vocational instability, and poor social relationships later in life.
Topic: family

The risk factors repeatedly identified are Child; fetal drug/alcohol abuse, delinquency, academic failure, substance abuse, repeated aggression, medical disorders. Family Characteristics; Poverty, large family 4 or more children, parents with mental disorders, parent with criminality, parent with substance abuse. Family/experimental; Teenage pregnancies, poor infant attachment to mother, witness to extreme violence, sustained neglect, separation/divorce, single parent, sexual/physical abuse, the list continues far beyond these few named.
Topic: family

Risk factors do not invariably lead to problems in the lives of children, but rather increase the probability that such problems will arise. Interestingly the studies show that it is less significant which risk factors are present, but how many are present in life of a child. This suggests that when these risk factors accumulate in the life of a child, there is a tendency towards the whole range of negative outcomes, regardless of which specific risk factors are operative. It follows that the damaging effects of multiple risk factors apply across gender, race, culture and disability category. This is supported by studies in a variety of socioeconomic and demographic populations.
Topic: family

These survivors of risk are marked resilient children. In studying resilient children and their families, researchers are beginning to identify important features which seem to confer protection against the poor outcomes usually associated with living with many risk factors. These so called protective factors protect no matter what the child’s diagnosis, disability, or experiential risks. Studies also show that the greater the number of risk factors a child possesses the greater number of protective factors he or she needs to promote a positive outcome. Specific protective factors have been repeatedly identified by different studies of resilient children.
Topic: family

The Cotton Mill workhouse was an appalling place to work. The word ‘workhouse’ sent a shudder through any honest 19th century worker. The conditions in the mill were dreadful, just thinking about anybody working there, brought a shiver down my spine. To work in the ‘repressive, soul-destroying workhouse’, was like having their mother murdered on the day they turn twenty-one (in my opinion). Conditions in the cotton mill was of very poor standard compared to today’s specified conditions. But to the standard of the year prior 1800 and beyond it is fairly usual.
Topic: family

There would be rooms withy masses full of dust floating about (from the cotton itself). This would trigger sickness and ill health. The windows were generally shut, perhaps always, making the atmospheric humidity level rise. During their time of work the children were treated badly. Most of the punishments arose because the children were tired. If a child was tired, the overseer would tap the child on the shoulder, say ‘come here’ and take him into the corner of the room where a tank of cold water stood.
Topic: family

One example of a major accident is being pulled into one of the spinning machines by a hanging tie or a loose apron. The dust in the humid air of the factory would cause sickness, ill health and more than likely choking. Children have to crawl under the machines and risk their lives while working in the cotton mills. The earliest the children start work is at around six years old. Usual hours were 6am – 7pm but could be extended to 5am – 10pm. This is in my opinion torture for a young child.
Topic: family

There have been many people who have suffered from deformities working in the factories due to the weight of things they have had to carry, and the long hours of standing and bending. One overseer is reported to have said that when children have worked in the factory for just a few weeks they become pale, without hope and very lifeless. `A typical factory around 1800 would be pretty much what I described in part 1. I believe the cotton industry around the year 1800 and beyond was a total torture for six and seven year olds.
Topic: family

I hope I have accomplishhed a detailed description of, yes, what I think was a typical factory. There were of course other factories with very different standards and expectations. An example of this would be, not starting working under 10 years so that the child ccould acquire a decent education for five years before starting work. Robert Owen believed that if you put your best into the care of his mill workers he would get the most out of them, in that they would work harder and more efficiently.
Topic: family

But although you readers might like this standard I must say it was not very common at all. Sadly, the typical mill or factory was the inhumane type, which parents of the children would hate, but would be too scared of complaining in fear of losing work and the small income that did come in at all. I think this type of mill was typical because whether you like it or not, it is what happened. And I strongly believe that from the evidence I have gathered this is the case. The evidence for my description comes from the internet, one website being www. cottontimes. co.
Topic: family

uk and other sources being my exercise book and the outline I was given for this essay. I would trust the evidence I based my description on because the reports I took my evidence from were taken from real peoples experiences and they must have been reasonable enough to have been published. I don’t trust the evidence I based my factory on because it is to the definite extreme. The evidence I have taken is trying to persuade children not to work in factories. Therefore the evidence is only stating the bad side of cotton industry and so in that sense, unreliable.
Topic: family

A play opportunity for imaginative learning could be to children playing with small world play such a Lego or animals. Children’s plays needs at the age of 3-4 years is still pretend and are beginning to represent the world in picture form. This type of activity is linked to the early learning goals by mathematics – number, calculating, shape, space and measures. Other early learning goals are able to be met while children use their creative development to explore media and materials, music, imagination, responding to experiences, and expressing and communicating ideas.
Topic: family

Children with special needs should be given the opportunity to play for example, if a child is in a wheel chair they will need more space or if they have hearing or sight problems make it so they feel comfortable. “The term ‘physical play’ is a term that can be used to describe the type of play in which children use their large muscle and exercise their whole body. They learn to control large and small muscles and develop co-oration, and surplus energy is expended.
Topic: family

Associative and co-operative plays are being used at this stage in the children’s play they are watching other but also able to participate in group games such as throwing balls to one another and playing a chasing game. By playing games ones as these there social skills are being promoted as they are interacting with one another, also developing their language skill as they need to communicate with this type of play. The type of activities that promote physical play could be to bikes and tricycles or pushing prams.
Topic: family

And children are able to move around as part of the game while using co-operative play together. Children are able to learn to share, take turns and learn understanding for space. Manipulative play has loads of different types of play for children to develop skills, according to Tassoni “manipulative play will also support the curriculum plans for a playgroup, nursery or school. ” (Pg. 390, 2002) One of the early years goals links to manipulative play as children use their hand and pincer grasp, this is to handle tools, objects, construction and malleable material safely and with increase control.
Topic: family

When doing physical activities or any activities for that matter the child needs to find it interesting the way this can be done is presenting the equipment attractively, letting children make their own choices and desertions. I believe as an early year’s practitioner children should learn from their experiences and the only way this can be done is by letting children experiment. Health and safety is the top priority this include space for children to move, making sure all children can participate, along with age and stage appropriate.
Topic: family

Look again at “Upon My Son Samuel his Going for England, Novem 6, 1657” by Ann Bradstreet, in which the speaker conveys her feelings towards her child, and at one other poem from the anthology in which the speaker conveys his or her parental feelings. With close reference to the way each writer has used language to convey those feelings, compare and contrast what each poem has to say about parental feelings and explain which poem you regard as most successful. The poems “Upon My Son Samuel his Going for England, Novem.
Topic: family

6, 1657” and “A Parental Ode to My Son, Aged Three Years and Five Months” both convey the speaker’s parental feelings towards their child, but they do so in very different ways. Ann Bradstreet had herself completed the journey from England to America and knew of the dangers on such a voyage, therefore her fear and terror can be felt throughout the poem. Thomas Hood on the other hand has a much more lighthearted approach as he uses bathos to create a humorous picture of parenthood.
Topic: family

The speakers in both poems are the poet as well as the parent, but differ in the fact that one is the mother and the other the father, thus the parental concerns are expressed in very different ways. In “Upon My Son Samuel… ” the speaker expresses her worries very directly and sees herself as being primarily responsible for her child. Therefore she does all she can to protect him, and in this case she pleads God to “Protect him there, and bring him back”.
Topic: family

In “A Parental Ode to My Son… ” Hood, like many fathers as the time, though alarmed by his son’s antics, expects the mother to take care of him. This can be seen from the line “(Why Jane, He’ll set his pinafore a-fire! )”. Although the son is putting himself in danger, Hood does nothing more than warn the mother to take action. However the speaker in both is clearly care about their child’s welfare and the never-ending stress of parenthood is portrayed from the maternal and paternal point of view.
Topic: family

The tone is completely contrasting in these poems. “Upon My Son Samuel… ” keeps a somber and pleading tone as the speaker is praying to God to save her son. It’s beseeching and presents a desperate mother who is standing strong due to her complete faith in God. From the lines “… if thou shalt spare me a space, That I again may see his face” we can also see that she although she feels resigned and helpless, she is still hopeful for her son’s return. “A Parental Ode… ” has a whimsical tone and but can also be interpreted in different ways.
Topic: family

Examine with reference to language how Attia Hosain presents the feelings of the young wife in her first encounter with western culture? “The First Party” is a fusion short story bringing together the western and the Asian cultures. It is about a conventional bride who has her first encounter with her husband’s ’emancipated’ friends. Attia Hosain one of the earliest women writers of the Indian diaspora, through “The First Party,” portrays the mannerisms and beliefs of the typical Indian bride through this newly wedded bride.
Topic: family

To each turn of the story, Attia Hosain brings a superb imaginative understanding and a sense of the “poignancy of the smallest of human dramas. ” The short story reveals the hidden depths of Hosain’s work and brings out not only the partition theme but also the dilemma of the Indian bride and her relationship with her husband. Ones first party is supposed to be a really exciting, unforgettable and enjoyable experience. However here the title suggests the irony of the situation.
Topic: family

The Indian bride could be equivalent to the olden day western woman – delicate, meek and humble, expected to cater to the world of man and inexperienced to the nuciences of the world. The bride’s entry into the house of the party is just as her entry into her in – laws home for the first time. When the bride arrives at her new home, she takes care to enter, auspicious right foot first, gently kicking over a strategically placed measure of paddy as an augury of plenty for her new family.
Topic: family

It is the dominant “brightness” of the western culture that bewilders the shy new Indian bride. The brightness is personified and probably shows that rigid customs are not accepted by an emancipated society. The “firm grasp” into “her own limply” is yet another encounter between the diaspora of the Indo-western woman and the bride fresh from India. Alliteration such as “forsaken friend” and “bewildering brightness” intensify an already intensified situation as “her nervousness edged towards panic. ” Both the brightness and the darkness are personified.
Topic: family

She seeks comfort in the “darkness” of her withdrawn life from which she was protected form the absurdities of her new life. She probably prefers to remain in darkness as in the light; she is under scrutiny . We find the thinking of the bride rather unusual as she finds the brightness bewildering and the darkness friendly. In normal circumstances, one would feel vice versa. Usually brightness clarifies but here it confuses because it is the brightness of the western culture. We see how male dominated her life is as her husband does not even give her a chance to think or even speak.
Topic: family

His dress and attitude with his smoking and drinking and vulgar dancing is just like the Americans of whose culture he had adopted. However he betrays his Indian roots when he says “My wife” with no name attached, depicting that he is a typical Indian husband who believes that the wife’s identity is linked to his from marriage and hence feels that stating her name is not necessary or significant. “When the lady refers to the bride as “a shy little thing,” her husband says “She’ll get over it soon.
Topic: family

Give me time,’ not “give her time. ” He believes that she alone cannot make her self fit for western society, he will have to train and fashion her in order to make her suitable. Again we see his Indian mentality, of the wife being helpless and him having to save or rescue her. It is said that only brazen women can look into the eyes of a stranger. We notice that this bride is not brazen in fact she lacks confidence with her “shy glance” and the “low voice of an uncertain child repeating a lesson.
Topic: family

” Her husband has instructed her a little before the party in how to act and what to say in order to mix with your own people of a different culture and to fit in. She does not want people to know that she is scared of the vibrant and unregimented surroundings and also how ashamed she is of her own kind. Even the kind words of the hostess do not seem of any comfort to her. The beauty of the story is in the symbols used. At first it was the doorstep, the meeting point of the two cultures. Now as the bride sits at “the edge of the big chair,” symbolising that she is new into the society and yet unwelcome.
Topic: family

She is only at the edge of it and making a difference or trying to root her own people back to their original culture, customs or mannerisms would be a long way off. Her discomfort is conveyed through her body language. “Drooping shoulders” symbolise a lack of confidence. The sari too symbolises the conflict in her mind. She is trying to overcome her fears but is weighed down by her sensitivity and her culture back home. In a way her sari acts not only as a means to cover bare flesh but also as a protection from blaspheming ways. She felt over dressed with her red sari and gold embroidery and her rings and bracelets.
Topic: family

In the Indian culture, it was custom for the newly wedded Indian bride to be heavily dressed as she was. The rings and bangles are a symbol of marriage for eternity for the bride and she is in awe to find “the others bare wrists, like a widow’s” for only when the wife finds out that her husband is dead does she break the bangles and remove the ‘sindoor’. She feels even more out of place when she sees the simplicity of their clothes as compared to her bright red sari with work on it. More like an “object on display” for the edification of others.
Topic: family

The target market for the magazine includes all members of the society with extra cash in there pockets. They will included parents, parents to be, singles both male and female and young people. This are the groups that are interested in issues relating to parents, this people must be between the age of 5? 50. However if they exceed the age of 50 they must have special attention to children’s affairs. It cuts across all community members. The age structure for the demand for this magazine will determine the layout.
Topic: family

The magazine will have articles that satisfies their needs e. g. how to deal with pregnancy issues, what to expect after delivery, tips on successful marriages etc. this consists of 30% of the general population. 3. Single individual These are people who are not married and are not expecting a child. They include both male and females. This market segment is large, hence the variety of the articles in the magazine is meant to capture them. These generally consist of 35% of the population. Though these target audiences aren’t married but in the future they are i. e. 3-10years.
Topic: family

Planning to have families. SWOT analysis Strengths • It will be a unique magazine in the market • Low cost of production • Will be able to produce several products at the same time • Will have exclusive lights Weaknesses • There will be licensing problems • There will be barrier to enter to the market because of regulations. Opportunities • There is an increasing target market in and outside the country • The product will be linking the changes of lifestyle of people • Will ask endorsement by a celebrity Threats • Lack of knowledge