ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: racism

On the other hand, women who were discovered before gender lines were crossed were often commended, rather than beaten. The women who crossed gender lines were seen as behaving untraditionally, which was not looked at as a good thing during the days of the Revolution. Women in the revolution were also exposed to harsh treatment such as racial prejudice, slavery, and second-class rights which included forbidding them to vote or own property. Among these, prejudice was one of the cruelest. Both men and women were affected by it, but women were the main targets because they were thought to be feeble and vulnerable.
Topic: racism

African-Americans as well as Native Americans were affected by this discrimination. People could purchase the Native- and African-Americans and treat them however they wished without being reprimanded or punished. More and more people began to follow in these people’s footsteps and purchase slaves as well. African Americans had a rough life during the revolution. Mary Postill is a prime example of the hardships that an African American slave had to go through. After she fled to Charleston, the military gave her a certificate of freedom. At the time, the military was controlled by the British.
Topic: racism

A loyalist who claimed freed blacks wrongly then took control of Mary and her family and made them his slaves so they could no longer be free. Gray brought Mary to court when she attempted to flee. She swore that she was free, but Gray, being that he was an esteemed white man, won the case. He then sold Mary and her family down the river for a hundred bushels of potatoes. This was her punishment for trying to escape him. The owners of slaves usually made their workers do the most tedious and tiresome work such as helping with the rice production. They were not well fed and they were not given enough supplies to make their own clothing.
Topic: racism

The slaves were also physically and mentally abused. Carol Berkin states in chapter 8 of Revolutionary Mothers, “Slaves learned the meaning of freedom every day by its absence. ” To these poorly treated slaves, their own personal freedom meant more than a roof over their head or food on the table. It meant keeping them from chasing what they believed in. Slavery made their liberty a far off dream that only seemed more distant with each passing day. Mary Jemison is an Indian woman who exemplified the effects of racial prejudice in her world. Mary was born into a white family and lived contentedly for fifteen years of her life.
Topic: racism

When she was just fifteen years old, she was kidnapped and used as ransom resulting from a Seneca raid. When the time came for her family to help her return home and pay the ransom to her kidnappers, Mary declined the offer because she felt that living as a Seneca Indian was a more exhilarating life than her life in New England with her white family. Mary lived with the Cherokee tribe and experienced all of the hardships that came along with being an Indian woman. When an American raid was eminent on her tribe, the women and children were sent into the nearby woods to hide themselves.
Topic: racism

Upon their return they saw the awful sight of their destroyed village and homes that they had put so much time and effort into building with each other. Americans saw the Indian society as run of the mill. They looked down upon the women and children especially. Indian women did not have much of a say in society or politics, either, but these determined women worked hard in the fight for their rights. A prime example of a Native American woman struggling through the difficulties of racial prejudice during the revolution is Nancy Ward.
Topic: racism

She was also known as Nanyehi among the Cherokee tribe. She was a very courageous woman, much like Margaret Corbin. Nancy fought right beside her husband in combat. When he died in battle, she continued to fight and brought the Cherokee tribe to victory, earning herself the title of “Beloved Woman”. She continued to work toward getting a leadership role in her tribe, and ended up sitting on General Council, as well as leading the Women’s Council. Nancy played an important role in keeping the peace between her people with her advice on non-violent behavior.
Topic: racism

In addition, during the Revolution, there were many negotiations needed between the Americans and the Cherokee’s. Nancy also gave advice on these topics, as well as demanded peace between the women in both cultures. Many Indian communities had wanted to equalize the roles of men and women, but their efforts were thwarted because the English believed that the equalization of the gender positions in Indian societies was neither appropriate nor beneficial. Carol Berkin’s “Revolutionary Mothers” gave me a whole new perspective on the history of women’s rights and privileges.
Topic: racism

Today’s women take things like having a job and going to school for granted, when yesterday’s women were prohibited from doing both. Berkin’s account clearly depicted the inferior role of women in society during the revolution. In everything from community affairs and politics, to education and employment, women were treated as unimportant and subordinate. It wasn’t until some of these women stood up for themselves and for women as a whole that a new train of thought regarding the role of women began to take hold, and paved the way for women of the future.
Topic: racism

Today, women are considered equal to men. The biggest differences between yesterday’s and today’s women are the rights and privileges that they had; namely voting, education, and employment. Some people still view women as weaker and less talented than men; but, contemporary women enjoy a much more valued and fulfilling life due to the efforts of the women of the revolution. Some think women are slower, weaker, and less talented than men. Women today are proud to be able to be an integral role in all aspects of society, knowing that their voices will be heard loud and clear.
Topic: racism

Racial segregation is a system of legal racial discrimination. Racial segregation has been apparent many times in our history and is still apparent today, especially in the Arab world such as in Israel and Afghanistan. There are many factors fro racial segregation such as economic, social, historic and allegedly religion. I will asses the claim that “religion promotes racial segregation” which I believe to be false. By examining evidence from racial segregation in the 19th and 20th centuries I intend to conclude my claim.
Topic: racism

By doing this though the British liberal government had forgotten to safeguard the interests of three-quarters of the population, the black Africans. A member of the house of lords, supported by a bishop, did propse that africans should have the right to stand for parliament in South Africa, but the idea was pushed aside and the afircans were left without protection in the hand of their white empolyers. This idea supported by a bishop, suggests christianity opposed racial discrimination and segregation, however as a political idea, it had not enough support. Africans were often forgotton, they had not won any power and could not make their voice heard. Without political power, their lves remained the same as slaves to the white people. This was the start towards Apartheid.
Topic: racism

At the beginning of this century, europenas started to find it harder to keep their control over South Africa. With South Africa becoming the richest industrial country on the African continent, and africans doing all the manual labour making this welath, they wanted a share of it. They learnt about trade unions, through talking to each other, and how tese raised the standard of living for europena workers. With the modern world developing around them, these africans wanted their share o of wealth, idependance but mostly, of dignity.They could not be kept scattered famrs and scattered agriculteral workers.
Topic: racism

The Europenas in South Africa had one of the highest standards of living in the owlrd with chepa servants, goods and the best jobs. They did not want the afircans to advance, gainging equal edications, increasing African wages and increaing he pirce of goods. The europenas wanted to keep their life of aristocracy and did this through Apartheid. This form of racial segreation, at this point appeared to have no promotion from religion, but purely caused by economic, political and social factors.
Topic: racism

The South Africans were to be kept separate by not beng allowed to live as citizens with rights in European towns. They were ordered to live in ‘Bantustans’, the native areas, which were slums and disease ridden communities. They were not allowed to mix with europeans by sitting in the same cafes, wating rooms compartments of trains, or seats in parks. They were not to bathe on the same beaches, go to the same cinemas, play on the same games fields or in the same teams. In white communities, where many afircans had to find work. Often there was only one public toilet fr the whole community. People would have to que for hours for a wooden shack. Whereas the white people could walz right into theirs. 12% of the land was left for the africans, most of which was dry, poor, mountainous land on which they had to farm and live. However over three- quarters of the popullation was african.
Topic: racism

Mixed marriages and mixed sexual relationships were prohibited, and everyone had to register as white, black or mixed, but only white were excepted in society. Communist political groups were banned so the opportunity for equality between races was stopped. Black people were even banned from certain areas and people from different races were prohibited from using the same public amenities and education facilities. These actions do not fit in with the benevolent nature of god. Religion therefore would not promote it as religion also follows this benevolent principle and believes in the equality of all.
Topic: racism

1951 –> the bantu authorities establish a basis for ethinic governemtns in african reserves, known as the “homelands”. They were idependant states to which each african was assigned by the governmetn according to the record of origin. This was frequently inaccurate though. This meant all political rights, includign voting, which an african had were restricted to the designated homeland. This resulted in the black people in Sotuh Africa losing their citizenship in South Africa and becomgin citizens of their homeland. They lost any right of involvment with the South African parliament which held complete hegemony over the homelands. From 1976 to 1981, four of these homelands were creates and 9million South Africans were denationalized. Africans living in the homelands needed passports to enter entyer South Africa and became aliens in their own country.
Topic: racism

1961 –> South Africa left the commonwealth. Amny people in england and europe felt sorry for the africans. They believed Apartheid was wrong, even though they themselves were partly resonsible for creating it. Chruches thought that it was contary to christianity, suggesting that the hypothesis is wrong and religin does not promote racial segregation. Christian missions encouraged Africans to improve their position and atempted to educate themselves. They made peaceful, no violent, attempts to improve their postion.
Topic: racism

The christian chief Luthuli was given the nobel peace prize in 1960 for his efforts to abolish Apartheid. This again suggests that christianty was attempting to improve racial harmony. Some africans decided that Luthli’s methods were useless and that only violence, secret organisation and sabbotage of government understatings would force a change in policy. An orgnisation called ‘ Psear of the nation’ was formed and one of its leaders was the famous Nelson Mandela, avtively involved in trying to improve the africans position in society. In 1964 however he was caught and given a life sentence for treason and sabbotage.
Topic: racism

He made a speech as his trial and it included this passage. “During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to the struggle of the african people. I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ide of a democratic and free society in which I hope to live for and to see realized. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die”. Nelson Mandella was not an actively christian man in faith but it appears he was one in morality. He believed in equality among all people, one thing which the bible teaches. He did not want wrongs for wrongs but tried to make them right, and this is another thing which the bible says jesus taught. This suggests again, that christainity was not promoting racial segregation as it would not contradict inslef if the government was truly religious, in both faith and morlaity.
Topic: racism

The bible syas ” Thou shalt not kill”, however this is exactly what the white police were doing. They often killed inicent people, without remorse. In 1960 in the “Sharpville masacre”, this is exactly what happened when large groups of blacks in sharpville refused to carry their passes. The government declared a state of emergancy, accesible due to the public safety act and the criminal law ammendmant act of 1953, increasing penalties for protesting and disobeying the laws, which were against basic human rights. This lasted for 156 dyas, 69 people were left dead and 187 wounded.This wielded the Public safety act and stated the white regime had no intention of changing the unjust laws of apartheid. All the victims were black, and most shot in the back, suggesting they were running away. To me it does not seem like a religious promotion, shooting people who are trying to voice their view and who are running away.
Topic: racism

South Africa became internationally isolated, due to its principles of Apartheid. The changing world around it began to see the wrongness of racial segregaiton and discrimination. The civil rights movements in the USA were spreading across the worlkd and many african states were gainging independence, such as Zibabwe. The United Nations condemned South Africa and investors in the buisness world were pressured into refusing to invest in South African companies. South African sports teams were barred from international events and its culture and tourism were boycotted. South Africa was also banned from the commonwealth. These international movements, combined with internal troubles persuaded South Africa that its hard-line policies were untenable. In 1984 some reforms were introduced, however many of the Aparthied laws were repeated. A new constitution was introduced which gave limited representation to certain non-whites, although still not the black majoirty.
Topic: racism

South africa began to lose support from the world. In the 20th century, many dangerous wars had been fought and were being fought, such as WWI, WWII and the cold war. It was a dangerous time to have many interntional enemies and little if not no allies. Its Social status internationally was not good and this was another reason fro it loosengin its grip on Aparthied. However the violence continued in South Africa throughout the 1980’s. Though she had loosened her grip on aparthied, South Africa’s hand was still firmly held.
Topic: racism

In 1989, F.W.De Klerk became president of South frica, succeeding P.W.Botha. On Feb 2nd 1990 he made a declaration that apartheid had failed and that the bans on politicla parties were to be lifted. Nelson Mandella was released from prison and De Klerk went on to abolish all the remaining apartheid laws. In 1991, Nelson Mandella became president of the ANC. Also in this year, the international olympics comitee lifted a 21 year ban barring South African athletes from the olympic games. In 1994, Nelson Mandella became the first balc president of South Africa. Aparthied was now fully abolished, but it had taken since 1910, legally to succeed in giving the Africans the fully , equal political power they humanely deserved. Nelson Mandella served untill his retirement in 1999 and was succeeded as president by Thabo Mbeki.
Topic: racism

Throughout Apartheid, religion in morality and faith played little part, if not none in promoting racial segregation. In South Africa’s 20th century, racial segregation was purely a political movement to maintain white domination, over black rebels, due to history. The end of Apartheid and the main opposition to Aparthied was not religious in morality or faith. It was the right to basic human rights and economic and social status internationally that began the end of apartheid. This shows that racial segregation in this case does not have to be part of a religious movement.
Topic: racism

It had a slight movement against it in the case of chief Luthilu and christian missions supporting education for africans, but this was rapidly crushed as the Sout African government had no resepct for religious principles. This shows that the most brutal and extreme forms of racial segregation was fuelled ergressing and progressing by an international status and political movement, trying to sustain power. It shows that this period of racial segregation therefore progressed with the effects of its history but then reversed to then fit in with the chnagin world and its opinions. It did not change under the influence of religion.
Topic: racism

Racial segregation in America was not very extreme but challenged the rights we as white people take for granted. It ended, in the 20th century, and also it started in the 17th century due to slavery. Slavery in the 17th century was an institution that made little distinction as to the race of the slave or the free man. But by the 18th century, the overwhelming number of black slaves was such that white and Native American slavery was less common. The slavery in USA led to racial segregation. Slavery under Europeans slaves (or indentured servants) was followed by the enslavement of local aborigines in the Caribbean, and eventually was primarily replaced with Africans imported through a large slave trade as the native populations declined through disease. Most slaves brought to the Americas declined through Caribbean or South America. Black people in America were slaves or freed slaves, and therefore not well off. The distinction of slaves as ‘blacks’ led to them being thought of as stupid and unworthy of a proper life. This led to racism and the institution of racial segregation.
Topic: racism

At the time of the civil was, slavery (a form of racial segregation) had been abolished in the Northern states and regularly preached against by white ministers in the north, suggesting Christianity was against it. However it was still legal and important to the economy in the south, which depended on cheap agricultural labour. The basic issue of the civil war was ” could the federal government force southern states to end slavery, or could the southern states leave the union to preserve slavery”. The union (the north) was led by president Abraham Lincoln and the confederacy (the south) by president Jefferson Davis. This civil was to with many things, not just slavery. However Lincoln’s aim was supposed to be to free all slaves held in territory under confederate control. In actuality it did not happen. Slaves were not freed in the remaining states until the passage of the “thirteenth amendment to the constitution”, eight months after the war (1865).
Topic: racism

At the end of the civil was, the federal government moved to extend legal equality to African-Americans, by outlawing slavery with the 13th amendment. The reconstruction between 1865 and 1877 followed this completing this aim. In1877, a compromise between northern white elites and southern white elites ended this though. The northern troops were to withdraw from the south and the southern whites were given a free hand to reinstate discriminatory practises. Many states adopted the restrictive laws, enforcing racial segregation and the second-class status of African Americans. From here to 1896, Supreme Court cases destroyed many of the civil rights for black people. Here are some examples of the principles segregation promoted in the south.
Topic: racism

This did not seem to be promoted by religion. It seemed to be encouraged by the eagerness to attain the power white people once had over black people, in the days of slavery. Once they had been their slaves and they were someone to look down on, however now they had to treat them like equals and did not like it. After the failure of the reconstruction, white people saw their chance to obtain that power they once had and so took it, getting revenge for losing cheap labour and the satisfaction of power.
Topic: racism

In addition to the Jim Crow Laws, society was expected to enforce the Jim Crow Etiquette. This was a set of unwritten rules governing how blacks and whites should interact. Not only were they politically separated but socially separated. Breaking this code could result in a lynching, a brutal form of sadistic murder. Between 1578-1898, 10,000 lynching took place. Murder s totally against most religions and when it is shown with no remorse as it is here; it is easy to suggest that the racial segregation and discrimination appearing here was definitely not religious. The murder of Emmett Till in 1955 shows that even with changing public perception of the racial segregation laws after WWII, racial segregation was still at large.
Topic: racism

Many black radio preachers and church preachers were talking about Emmett Till, demanding “something must be done in Mississippi now”. This shows that Christianity here criticised the actions of racial segregation and the laws in America that controlled this segregation. The impact of the Emmett Till case on black America was immense. For the first time northern blacks saw that violence in the south could affect them in the north, Emmett Till was from Chicago- in the North. The civil rights movement was at its most important time in the fight against racial segregation.
Topic: racism

The leadership role of black churches in the movement was a natural extension of their structure and function. They offered members an opportunity to exercise roles denied them in society. Throughout history, the black churches served not only as a community ‘bulletin board’, but a people’s court to solve disputes, a support groups and a centre of political activism. This all enhanced the importance of the church minister, the church and Christianity itself, especially in the opposition, not promotion of racial segregation. The most prominent clergyman in the civil rights movement was Martin Luther King Jr.
Topic: racism

to do with the opposition of racial segregation. Within six months these sit-ins were also successful against segregation in public parks, swimming pools, theatres, churches, libraries, museums and beaches. In November 1962, Martin Luther King was arrested and seen to prison for demonstrating against segregation in Birmingham, Alabama. While he was in prison, he was criticised by a group of clergymen from Alabama who described him as a political extremist. Though what Martin Luther King was willing to go through to obtain Racial integration, showing the strength of Christianity against Racial Segregation, here I am given conflicting ideas about whether Christianity was promoting Racial Segregation or not.
Topic: racism

During the 1960 presidential election campaign, John F.Kennedy argued for a new civil rights act. Martin Luther King and many other Christian civil rights activists supported this act. After the election, it was discovered that over 70% of the first two years of his presidency, Kennedy failed to put forward his promised legislation. In 1963, he was assassinated, proof that many people were against the civil rights movement, supporting racial segregation. These people were prepared to use non- Christian principles such as murder, to bring about their aims, suggesting the motive, promoting racial segregation, was also non- Christian.
Topic: racism

Martin Luther King is most famously known for his speeches against racial segregation, two of which are ‘I have a dream’ and ‘I’ve been to the mountain top’. By examining these, it is very evident he has taken his principles against racial segregation from the word of god and the teachings of Jesus, a strong source of doctrine in Christianity. In ‘I have a dream’, his belief that “all men are equal” coincides with Christian belief. He also talks of “brotherhood”, which the gospels of Jesus often talks about and supports this with his visionary that “little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little whit boys and white girls as sisters and brothers”. He talks about this as ” the glory of the lord” being revealed, suggesting it is his belief that God believes in equality. This is repeated by his continued reference to “with this faith”, which I think shows he believed that God would help get rid of racial segregation, suggesting therefore that God is against racial segregation.
Topic: racism

On the 3rd April 1968, King made his famous “I’ve been to the mountain top” speech. The following day, he was killed by a sniper’s bullet while standing on the balcony of the motel where he was staying. His opposition killed him. Christianity says “Thou shalt not kill” and King supported this, evident through his past actions but his opposition did not and therefore was not Christian. On10th March 1969, Jones Earl Ray pleaded guilty to the murder and was sentenced to 99 years in prison.
Topic: racism

Malcolm was often involved in crime throughout his teens and twenties. When in prison, he became intrigued by his brother’s conversion to Islam and joining of the “Nation of Islam” (NOI). He began to study the teachings of Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the NOI. Muhammad taught that white society actively worked to keep African- Americans from empowering themselves and achieving political, economic and social success, through racial segregation and racism itself, with a backing of Islam.
Topic: racism

This supports the claim again that religion opposes racism and racial segregation. Among other goals, the NOI fought for a state of their own, separate from one inhabited by white people. This aim of the NOI seems different to what Holy Scriptures of Islam teach- equality of all, similar to the doctrine Christianity teaches. This suggests that it might not be religion acting as a motivator for the NOI, though they pretend it does. Instead it is politics and economy and their ambitions to achieve revenge promoting their actions, so for white people to understand how Black people feel under the oppression of racial segregation and racism.
Topic: racism

In 1952, Malcom left prison and was a devoted follower, with a new surname, “X”. (He considered ‘Little’ a slave name and chose the ‘X’ to signify his lost tribal name.) In 1964, Malcom fell out with Muhammad and the NOI. He discovered that Muhammad was having secret relations with six women in the nation of Islam Organisation, some resulting in children. This was against the teachings of Islam, another point that suggests the NOI was not as true to Islam as it claimed to be. Also a point, which suggests therefore that the NOI was not working according to the doctrines of Islam, and this, suggests that Islam did not promote racial segregation. This also suggests that the NOI did not follow the doctrine of forgiveness, promoted by Islam. The NOI did not follow the doctrines of Islam but promoted racial segregation and racism, but towards white people and so was not as true to Islam as it claimed to be. Malcom X terminated his relationship with the NOI and founded his own organisation, “The Muslim Mosque, inc”.
Topic: racism

In the same year he went on a pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, a life-altering trip. For the first time he shared his thought and beliefs with different cultures. He said when he returned he had met “blonde haired, blue eyed men I could call my brothers”. This reference to brotherhood is similar to that of Martin Luther Kings, so suggests that a force opposing racial segregation is equality and agape love (a strong religious principle), something both these people believed strongly in. Malcom X returned to the US with a new outlook on Integration and a new hope for the future, not the one promoted by the NOI. This time when Malcom spoke, instead of just preaching to African- Americans, he had a message for all races. It was one of equality, and one promoted by Islam, suggesting Islam promotes racial harmony, not racial segregation.
Topic: racism

By 1965, relations between Elijah Muhammad in the NOI and Malcom X had become increasingly volatile. Malcom had become “marked” for assassination. He escaped once, but on February 21st 1965, 3 gunmen shot Malcom 15 times at close range. He was 39 years old. 15 Hundred people attended Malcolm’s funeral days later, showing the immense support he had. These people were of all faiths and all races.
Topic: racism

In March 1966, 3 black men were convicted of first-degree murder. They were all members of the ‘Nation of Islam’ organisation. This again provides evidence that Islam promotes racism, for Malcolm X was working against it. However taking into account the previous actions the NOI took, I believe that Islam did often not promote their actions, but revenge for history and the treatment they had received since the days of slavery. However another claim could be that they were in line with religion, as they were supposedly protecting their faith, one thing that Islam promotes, their actions could have been backed by Jihad, ‘holy war’. Leading to the NOI’s actions was a different interpretation of Islam.
Topic: racism

The examples of Racial segregation in South Africa and America in the 20th Century suggests that many people were against the racial segregation imposed on black people. However I believe that religion provided the strength to fight against it, both physically, in the case of the NOI and in a pacifist way, in the case of Malcom X and Martin Luther King. The true people against racial segregation however were inspired by religion, and not just using it as an excuse to achieve revenge, such as in the NOI’s case. Therefore religion was a motive against racial segregation and not promoting it. I will have to look at what Holy Scriptures say about racial segregation and racial equality to make a conclusion on this matter.
Topic: racism

Some say racism comes from ancestry. 3 million years of evolution has taught us to be protective of our own blood groups. It also teaches us to be protective of our own groups in society, including a protective nature of religion, often Islam through Jihad (‘holy war’), if that religion is under threat, and lead to racism, resulting in racial segregation. Religion may promote inequality, racism and lead to racial segregation, for racism is often the basis for racial segregation, though many religious doctrines do not promote it.
Topic: racism

Colossians 3:11 says “here there is no Greek or Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave or free, but Christ is in all. This suggests a claim that even though these people are different, Christ makes them the same and Christians should recognise this. However, this statement could also suggest that Christianity has an intolerance of other religions, and so a form of racism, which may not promote racial segregation, but possibly lead to it.
Topic: racism

However there are many religious groups that preach a doctrine of hate and intolerance of other religions and racial segregation, such as the “Nation of Islam” organisation. These groups draw their theology and doctrines to some degree from the teachings of the mainline religious groups but do not follow the “agape Love” doctrine that most religions hold. Religion often opens the way for intolerance and ‘isms’, by its focus upon the exclusivity of memberships and often by stressing the element of the “chosen people”. If I follow this evidence it is very apparent that racism is closely connected to religion and religion can sometimes promote racism though not meaning to. Religion shows no evidence that it promotes racial segregation however and often works actively against it. Rather it is, like racism, historic, social and economic problems promoting racial segregation and religion.
Topic: racism

However not all laws are good ones, such as those legalising racial segregation. Even so, from an early age these are pressed firmly into our conscience and so even if we learn they are not right (at an older age), we learn we must do them, to survive in society and to not disappoint external authorities. This principle allows us to accept the practise of racial segregation, even if it seems unjust. The whole decision making of what is just and what is unjust becomes turned upside down when you have a corrupt external authority.
Topic: racism

There is a thin line between the connections of religion and racism. Promoting it and working against it stem from religious doctrines. Though South Africa’s racial segregation was not primarily anything to do with religion, the aim was to protect the white race and so suggests it comes from the aim to protect ones group in society. Therefore religion can promote racial segregation, though not meaning to, but the force that works against racial segregation is much stronger as it is based on faith and not so much laws.
Topic: racism

Turning up I would detest when people would know apart against for a individual ‘s race or skin colour. I believed that those people were awful and that non many people thought the same manner about race. After larning about racial stratification I have come to recognize merely how racist and prejudiced our societies are. At a immature age we are taught what society viewed as being a individuals race, the colour of their tegument. We are taught that different colour tegument means different types of people, their civilization, values, or their social position.
Topic: racism

The article negotiations about how over the old ages many African American labour workers have become less needful due to the mechanisation promotions in their work environment. Today a individual discriminates harmonizing to what they believe is a individual ‘s race. Society today determines a individual ‘s race by the colour of their tegument yet race is defined as people who portion biological traits, which can non merely be seen by skin colour. I ne’er thought about how skewed our perceptual experience of race was in our society. Our perceptual experience of race, instead it be right or incorrect, determines a individuals destiny. I have ever believed that a individual no affair what race receives what they deserve. That wagess were non based on their race, harmonizing to society ‘s definition of race. Now being presented with these facts my position on the subject of racial stratification has changed. I do believe that how our society has taught us find how people are viewed and treated.
Topic: racism

The article by Rifkin brings up new thoughts of black and white inequalities in the work force and how new engineerings take the occupations off from the African American workers. After the mechanisation of agriculture, African American labour workers occupations were made more expeditiously and less dearly-won done with machines coercing them out of occupations and off the land. The mechanisation of work was reoccurring throughout history and each clip the African American labour workers were the group that was most effected by these promotions in engineering.
Topic: racism

In the mid 1950s about 26 % of Chrysler auto workers were African American, they were of import because they made up the majority of the unskilled workers. These people normally were either uneducated or without a certain trait that will give them a topographic point in today society that is ever in demand of these sort of people. When their assembly line had a mechanical ascent the unskilled labour workers were one time once more out of occupations. These events created 1000s of for good unemployed African American work forces and adult females. Businesss fled to the suburbs along with many white in-between category households go forthing the hapless, unemployed African American workers in cardinal metropoliss. These metropoliss became filled with hapless African American households. This created a stereotyped life environment which society believed would be an insecure country for white in-between category households to populate. For a big figure of African-Americans these state of affairss served to stress the income and employment spread between educated Whites and unskilled inkinesss. By the 1970s there were about 57 per centum of educated African American males and 72 per centum of African American females that were authorities employed. Yet merely 21 per centum of African American workers in American were on a public paysheet.
Topic: racism

Today African Americans find themselves stuck in the underclass class. For the first clip in history African Americans labour is rendered virtually useless being overtaken by machine-controlled engineerings. Even educated African Americans are treated as though they are unskilled workers. Comparing the success and wage of white workers and African American workers society deems the white worker more efficient and utile in society. I have ne’er thought how much is effected by a technological promotion in the workplace, nor did I think that black workers would be hurt the most due to mechanisation.
Topic: racism

Learning the truth about what our society has installed in our caput about race will assist make a better apprehension of the segregation of races and the premises we automatically make. As a society we are taught to believe in really stereotyped thoughts about races. I will be able to try to disregard the colour of one ‘s tegument and concentrate more on what race they may be. By larning about racial stratification you can larn more about psychological science, about the behaviour and mental province of the African American labour workers. It can besides assist understand the doctrine of racial stratification, about the cardinal jobs about the mechanisation impacting the lives of African American workers. All of this new information will assist people understand about the inequalities of race presented in our society and the racial jobs happening throughout history.
Topic: racism

However a lot more work remains to be done to tackle the issue. One fear is that racism may increase if the current economic slowdown continues, particularly if unemployment rises, and the social pressures associated with this begin to bite. RACSIM IN SPORT Racism in sport has been revealed as a growing problem. The FA and the FAI have become tightly linked on this topic and have release a statement of commitment to fight the growing problem. Speaking at an anti-racism conference recently in Highbury stadium, London, Lucy Faulkner of the FA pledged: “Tackling racism and promoting race equality are key issues for the FA and the FAI”.
Topic: racism

A Health Research Board report showed that their life expectance is ten years less then the national average. Approximately 1/3 of them live without basic facilities of sanitation, water and electricity. 80% of the adult population are illiterate and 55% of traveller children reach secondary school. By 1993 only 3 had finished 3rd level education. They experience discrimination from the general public, Consisting of protest to there existence in the community. A survey showed 78% had been refused a drink in a pub with 70% saying they had been refused because “we are Travellers”.
Topic: racism

Travellers children face segregation in schools with one school going as far as to paint a white line throw the middle of the playground which the traveller children were not allowed to cross. An Irish independent journalist described them as being “beasts with no human qualities”! Accommodation is another issues faced by the travelling community with an insufficient amount Group Housing Permanent halting sites and council housing. The government has failed to reach its target but yet has criminalised trespassing on private property. As a result criminalising their nomadic culture which is a basic attack on there civil and human rights.
Topic: racism

The Electoral Act of 1992 requires residence within a constituency as a requirement therefore disenfranchising travellers who continue there nomadic tradition In the Report of the Commission on Itinerancy in 1963 the government solution was to try to assimilate them into the settled community. Travellers felt this was a blatant attack on their culture. The report referred to them as being a problem that had to be resolved. Then in the Report of the Travelling People Review Body, 1983 finally acknowledged Prejudice, misunderstanding and harassment towards Travellers.
Topic: racism

But failed to deal with discrimination experience by the travelling community until The 1995 Task Force Report. The denial to recognise this discrimination is evident by An Irish MEP declaring to the Committee of Inquiry into Racism and Xenophobia in 1990 that “Ireland is a racially homogeneous country with no ethnic minority groups. As a consequence there are no racial problems of the kind experienced in countries with such groups” The Irish travellers have joined up with other nomadic European groups to demand protection for there common cultures.
Topic: racism

Bibliography “Racism and social change in the Republic Of Ireland” Bryan Fanning, Manchester University Press (2003) www. knowracism. ie – This site gives good statistics on racism an Ireland www. cmn. ie – www. peevespoint. ie – These two sites are good for travellers point of view and statistics www. fai. ie – This was a web site we used to see what is done about racism in soccer in Ireland.
Topic: racism

Racism is a learned behavior and those who are teaching racism to their children today are not teaching them there are biological differences. I have friends whose parents have instilled racism in them and not once did I hear them state anything about the biological differences. I believe it’s the social and cultural differences that cause racism today. I was aware of the racism and acts of racism in American history but in watching the film I was surprised how the white race was looked at as a pure race and was even protected by law in the 1920s to safeguard the pure white race.
Topic: racism

The quizzes are normally the most difficult aspect of the course for students, so be sure to study hard. Each quiz is open-book, and your time will vary depending on the number of questions. See the specific instructions for each quiz to see its particular time limit. Multiple- choice and true/false items make up each quiz. About 60% of the material will come from the PointCasts and 40% from your assigned readings. Note that some of the text outlines for the Hays and Erford chapters appear to have been done prior to the final revisions on the text, so they may have some information that is now present in another chapter.
Topic: racism

Focus on the general model of racial/ethnic identity development that is discussed in the presentations. Recognize the authors of key racial identity development models (Helms, Cross, etc. ) as being associated with those types of theories [Note: The exam for the National Board of Certified Counselors ometimes has questions requiring such name recognition, so anticipate the same on your quiz]. You do not have to know the intimate details of each model developer’s theories unless it is specified in these hints that you should. Know Helms (1995) racial interaction theory (not her White and People of Color developmental models) as applied to the audiolecture racial/cultural identity development model. You should be able to recognize parallel, regressive, and progressive interaction patterns as they might manifest in the counseling relationship between counselor and client.
Topic: racism

The counselor would be considered the participant with higher social power. For example, what pattern would emerge if the counselor was in the Conformity stage and the client was in the Resistance and Immersion phase? [Answer: Regressive] Familiarize yourself with Poston’s bi-racial identity development model. Know Hoffman’s model of feminist identity. Do not worry about the other models. Familiarize yourself with Poll and Smith’s model of spiritual identity. Do not worry about the other spiritual identity development models.
Topic: racism

All the sexual identity development models presented in your texts contain a biased assumption that the optimal outcome for such development is always a commitment to a lesbian/gay or bisexual identity. The lack of another healthy potential outcome reflects a clear ethic values judgment on many cultural groups. For example, this discriminates against people with strong monotheistic religious identities (Muslim, Christian, and Jewish) who may seek alternative identity development patterns which lead to identity and behavioral practices more in line with their faith.
Topic: racism

Ironically, your text, which emphasizes multiple cultural identities interacting (ethnicity, gender, SES, ability, sexual orientation, and religion), does not acknowledge the possibility of a healthy alternative outcome. This appears due to the politically-correct nature of this area of research. Given this circumstance, you will not be responsible on the quiz for knowing this chapter’s sexual identity models. Chapter 3 Read the whole chapter through at least once and review the chapter PowerPoint outline. This will help you get/eliminate some responses in the multiple-choice questions. Get a sense of the general influences that lead o power, privilege, and oppression. Know the definitions of key terms such as these: social justice, privilege, power, empowerment, discrimination, and social justice counseling Know the general domains of the CSJ Advocacies competencies. What are some example activities counselors might do in each domain? Know the reasons counselors may not practice in a social justice counseling manner. Chapter 4 Read the whole chapter through at least once and review the chapter PowerPoint outline. This will help you get/eliminate some responses in the multiple-choice questions. Consider the social and historical aspects of race construction.
Topic: racism

Key terms: race, racism, racial worldview, institutional racism, color blind attitude, color consciousness Consider the cognitive, affective, interpersonal, and physical costs of racism for people of color and Whites. Psychological dispositions of White racism (affective-impulsive, rational disposition, liberal, principled, principled activist) Recognize the characteristics of a White supremacy mentality. Client services, school/community interventions, systemic interventions Hays & Erford chapter 5 Pg. 95–97 terms such as transgender, sexism, internalized sexism. Carli’s research on male and female counselors.
Topic: racism

Note that same race and same gender dyads efficacy results are not nearly as clear-cut as one might predict. Pg 100–105: Learn about normative male alexithymia and male gender role conflict. Learn some of the history of sexism, historical exceptions to this practice, and the history of the feminist movement. Pg 105–107: Learn which cultural groups tend towards more traditional gender roles and which exhibit more flexibility. Pg. 107–108: Note the prevalence rate differences between men and women on certain disorders. Pg. 109: Familiarize yourself with the Imposter phenomenon. Hays & Erford chapter 7 Pg. 41–145 Familiarize yourself with the varying ways social class can be defined based on different cultural contexts. Note key terms such as classism, internalized classism, psychological distancing, poverty attribution, etc. Pg. 148–149 Learn some of the consequences of poverty on mental and physical health (disorders, violence, resources, etc. ) as well as who is most likely to be poor. Pg. 154-162 Learn how class bias can impact therapy (assumptions made, etc. ). Know important areas to assess and basic advocacy strategies. Hays & Erford chapter 8 Pp. 166-168 Note the different definitions of disability.