ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: family

Tatar claims that they offered children a “program for survival” but this is an overstatement as the tales concentrated on the torments of failing to heed advice given. Perhaps Zipes better summed up the overall messages contained in these tales when he said, “to live, a child had to live properly, restraining natural instincts according to rules established by adults. To disobey these rules or to indulge one’s sensual drives for pleasure meant death”.
Topic: family

There are many examples of such literature which range from Tom Trindall to the story of The little fish that would not do as it was bid that combine this element of instruction with amusement. Though, a major part is also played by the so-called reward/punishment tales, which portray contrasting characters who are for example kind/unkind, hard-working/lazy and such with the obvious reward coming for the “good” character and some less pleasant fate for the “bad” character (Heinrich, Hoffman and at the horror end of the spectrum Stuwwelpeter).
Topic: family

This moral-based literature was a major part of the socialization mould as it tried to shape society but messages also existed with regard to class attitudes, sexism and racism which would now not be acceptable or should I say politically correct. As Morison puts it “within the staid improving literature of the time the biases are particularly transparent” Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) has some references to blacks, which, while containing a certain element of moral irony, are considered unwelcome in today’s political climate.
Topic: family

As Morison suggests picking out attitudes from an earlier time is easy with one hundred or so years of hindsight. Obviously the literature of a time is going to run true to the attitudes of the time and “we do not know now what unexpected sins we ourselves may be found guilty of in fifty years time” More worthy of mention is the images and values, which are portrayed in the literature. Bob Dixon in his piece Catching them Young enlists many examples of such portrayals.
Topic: family

As the title of the piece suggests he hunts out racist, sexist and class values within children books that are indeed catching children young and laying out in their mind the way “things should be” so to speak. His many examples include the mass of sexist on goings in the Pony Parade series, Noddy’s assault by the wicked golliwogs and the snobbery of Rev. W. Awdry’s branch line. I think particular attention should be paid here to the issue of the sexist values, which many of the books portrayed.
Topic: family

As Cadogan and Craig put it “before girls are old enough to go to school they are familiar with Polly Flinders, who is whipped for spoiling her nice, new, feminine clothes, with the other Polly who is encouraged endlessly to put the kettle on and take it off again; they learn that Miss Muffet has an irrational fear of spiders, and see how the little girls who are kissed and reduced to tears by the offensive Georgie-Porgie lack the courage to chase him off, and have to wait until the “boys” come out to rescue them”
Topic: family

Though to female readers it may seem ludicrous for us to say that this is why little girls are little girls, as they now see themselves in the “girl-power” mode, perhaps this was indeed the case. Girls in this literature were often given passive verbs for example Jane would watch but John he would jump or run. John (typical boy) in our example was outgoing and he was ready to act upon the world but Jane (typical girl) seemed content with her lot. As Dixon put it “Boys do, girls just are”. This may seem harsh to a member of the female population now but these are the images that were portrayed.
Topic: family

We see them backed up by children’s toys, as boys receive action heroes or fighter planes girls are satisfied with ironing boards or Barbie dolls. Claudia Nelson would argue though that the feminine ethic was being promoted even for boys in Victorian times. This ethic of self-control, selflessness and self-sacrifice represented kind of attempted reformation of society. There is no doubt that messages from the wider society existed here but as societal attitudes changed so did those of publishers and this is why many popular works were re-edited.
Topic: family

The broad category defined as literary criticism or more readily referred to as subversive literature offer us messages, which were not appropriate in the culture of the time. An example being Twain’s Tom Sawyer, which reversed the standard model that the good and virtuous boy will succeed. Tom was a terrible boy who done any amount of bad things but to come to no grim end as we had seen in previous stories. Twain in his preface claimed it was for mere “entertainment” but was it?
Topic: family

Lewis Carroll is every bit as subversive as Twain but more subtle, take his famous work of Alice’s adventures in Wonderland, Alice is by no means a good little girl in mid-Victorian times. She is not gentle, timid and docile, but active, brave, and impatient : she is highly critical of the adults she meets and of her surroundings. Other examples include Mary Poppins where the parents can’t control their children and the Munro Leaf’s The Story of Ferdinand, the bull who would not fight (reference to WWII).
Topic: family

Although this type of literature have hidden in them messages that were not acceptable at the time for one reason or another they do give us insight into a certain category of people’s thinking at the time and are therefore worth mention. Also as many of these classics are reprinted they offer us messages, which are now readily seen in our culture. A further example of this is Astrid Lingdren’s Pippi Longstocking, at the time of its release it was heavily criticised as Pippi wasn’t your standard girl but now it is an international favourite.
Topic: family

The final broad category, which comes up for discussion, is that of Psychoanalysis more commonly referred to as Folklore and Therapy. Some argue that such tales are culture specific, for example, Darnton finds the stories colleted by Perrault as simply detailing peasant life in eighteenth century France with its Malthusian environment of scarce food and high infant mortality. Bottigheimer maintains that the stories represent historical documents capable of giving an insight to their time in history. Others though see these folk and fairytales as universal multicultural documents; the greatest exponent of this theory is Bruno Bettleheim.
Topic: family

He argues that there are symbols semiotically encoded in children’s literature that can be used as signposts to guide children through their basic problems when growing up. The rules for reading literature in such a way are very much Freudian and are based on his Interpretation of Dreams. In such tales the boundaries of right and wrong and the child’s need to make a choice are central. It seems this is more realistic an approach as in many other tales children are shielded from the “essential nature of mankind and the propensity of all men for acting aggressively, asocially, selfishly, out of anger and anxiety”.
Topic: family

Both stories deal with the pressure that lack of money can cause in a marriage. Compare the way in which Thomas Hardy and D. H. Lawrence portray relationships between men and women: In the two stories I am studying; ‘Her Turn’ by D. H. Lawrence and ‘To Please His Wife’ by Thomas Hardy, both writers deal with the pressure that lack of money can cause in a marriage, in tow different situations. The first story, ‘To Please His Wife’ by Thomas Hardy, is written at the turn of the 20th Century.
Topic: family

He turns out to have once been a member of the local parish, a seaman, who narrowly escaped a shipwreck, Captain Shadrach Jolliffe. He talks first with the townsmen whom he once knew, then his attention turns to two girls, who he recognizes as Emily Hanning and Joanna Phippard. The story then tells of how Emily and Shadrach Jollife get closer and closer until they fall in love with one another – “Emily Hanning lost her heart to the sailor” which begins the courtship between Shadrach and Emily.
Topic: family

After a while, however, in the next month, Shadrach gradually draws away from Emily and into the courtship between him and Joanna, as Joanna manipulates him and “contrived to wean him away from her gentler and younger rival”. Soon, it was rumoured that Shadrach was to be married to Joanna. Joanna isn’t satisfied with Shadrach however, and is, at first, considering giving him up to her friend Emily.
Topic: family

She soon changes her mind though, when she witnesses an event between Shadrach and Emily, in which Shadrach explains his love for Emily, and not that of Joanna – she is envious “Green envy had overspread Joanna at the scene… She could not let Shadrach go”. She is jealous of Shadrach’s love for Emily, and wants him for herself. The second story, ‘Her Turn’, by D. H. Lawrence is different to ‘To Please His Wife’ as Mr and Mrs Radford are already married, even though it is a second marriage for Mr Radford.
Topic: family

The author goes on to explain how Mr Radford works “… down pit” and gives his wife thirty-five shillings a week as well as his two sons who give her twelve shillings each. We learn that eighteen months ago, Mr Radford and his work colleagues had gone on strike for eleven weeks and even though Mr Radford was paid the low wage strikers pay, he didn’t give her a penny – “she could neither cajole not entreat nor nag the eleven shillings strike-pay from her husband”. Now with a second strike in place, she was determined to claim it from him.
Topic: family

Although both stories are different in situation, they are similar in content. Both the wives of the two men involved want the money from their husbands for the same kind of reasons. Joanna Jolliffe, after marrying Shadrach takes up a grocers shop, when her mother dies, as she won’t allow him to go back to sea. Their business crashes and burns, as Shadrach isn’t cut out for the job. He is a seaman. He isn’t “endowed with the narrow shrewdness necessary for developing a retail business”.
Topic: family

The quote above is representing how its does not really matter because its another day in London. He is saying that is not the same as his motherland. He thinks is going to be the same old day as every day in England. ‘Island Man’ never made the effort to be an English man, were as ‘Old Father’ made a lot of effort to blend in with the white people and to become English man. The poet in ‘Island Man’ did not talk about how he tried to be an English, but most about what he dreamed of every night and how dull England was.
Topic: family

Old Father: ‘Old Father feet begin to shift’ Or ‘He don’t say ‘Hello’ no more’ In ‘Island Man’ there all Standard English used. There is not Caribbean accent in this poem. This is showing that he has living in England for so long that he has forgot his mother tough. The language is connected to the grammar of the poem. Reading through the poem there are no full stops or comers etc. The expression of the poem isn’t direct as ‘Old Father’. It is directly and clearly written and said. There aren’t any different kinds of spellings or grammatical rules in this poem.
Topic: family

The poem is expressed and every line is represented with powerful feelings from the heart. I liked both poems they were very different and superior. I liked it because I was fun and enjoyable to read. I liked ‘Old Father’, more because it was how a Caribbean Man was trying to be an English Man. Both of the poems were great to read. The second would have been better if it was longer and more about how be became an English Man. Both poems were both interesting to read and found it very fascinating to read.
Topic: family

At some point we’ve all always said to ourselves that you can’t fall in love with a white, black, Hindu, Sikh or even a Muslim, guy because of the consequence it would have on your dad’s izaat. Yea it’s the whole ‘honour’ issue. How can we put our father name to disgrace? But isn’t love stronger than honour? Well only you as an individual can answer that. But for Heshu and Sadhia, this day dream became a horrific nightmare, when they had to face up to the disgrace they bought there family.
Topic: family

Amongst the tragedies of honour killings Sadhia’s boyfriend was murdered. Sixteen year old Sadhia and her boyfriend Rexhap Hasni, an Albanian Christian asylum seeker, were planning to get married. When the family were informed, the father decided to kill his daughter’s lover in order to restore his family’s honour. Alluring him into the East London factory and making out that his daughter needed a prosperous future; Rexhap Hasni was suffocated to death by the use of an electric flex after a week working for his supposed father-in-law.
Topic: family

The reason for murdering Hasni, 22 was because he wouldn’t allow her to marry another faith. He was sentenced by the old Bailey. It’s a terrible story and a misfortune to the loved one of Yones and Sadhia, but this is increasingly affecting the lives of many Young British Muslims. The battle of the culture- is it east meets west or the trigger of the argument you have with your parents! – “the effect of living in multi-cultural Britain” Confused being bought up in the western and eastern world is the cause of these deaths.
Topic: family

People who’s parent are from Pakistan. Indian, Bangladesh, and other parts of the world who have bought there children up in a western world, cannot expect their children to have a Pakistani culture is the reason for the unfortunate tragedy of Heshu Yones. Although mix religion/culture marriages are being accepted, I don’t think the society of ‘Asians’ will really ever accept it! The fusion of the two cultures has caused confusion amongst the younger generation and that’s the effect of living in multi cultural Britain.
Topic: family

It’s just not culture that effects are living and relationship with our parents, it’s every we are, sometimes they won’t accept it! History of Arrange marriages However believe it on not arrange marriages have been around for ages. It’s only the age of my parents that reminds me of the fact that arrange marriages have been around for a long time. Arrange marriages aren’t really a part of religion, but more culture orientated especially in Islam. According to statistics, 95 per cent of marriages in India are arranged.
Topic: family

It wasn’t so common in ancient India, but over several years it had become common as it was unsafe to bring up a daughter in a community were there were frequent abduction of daughters. As of the abduction the age of parents giving away their daughter became younger as they wanted to protect the virginity of their daughters. So young that both bride and groom were cradle bond, this is Hindi was called “val vivaha. ” This no longer is in practice, but the arrange marriage aspect of it has been preserved.
Topic: family

Arrange marriage was a form of preserving caste in India. The preservation of caste reflects 21st century arrange marriage; marriage is only head if the groom and bride are from same religion and cultural background. Arrange marriage today is very different and the perspective bride and groom have much more of a say than they used to Your opinions- When speaking to a selective group of Asian girls aged 16and older they didn’t give a straight answer, many of them found it difficult to say yes or no, instead they gave me the pros and cons to arrange marriages.
Topic: family

They also suggested that previous efforts and funds had been wasted due to lack of co-ordination both locally and centrally (Batty 2002). Since its formation in 1997 the SEU has been working hard in tandem with the Government to address social exclusion and it’s associated social problems. A report in December 2003 by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation showed that income poverty in Britain was on a steady downward trend and has fallen to levels similar to those at the end of the 1980’s.
Topic: family

At the time education progress, which had been increasing ceased and remained level for more than a three year period. This indicated that a quarter of young people aged 11, 16 and 19 were failing to reach a basic level of attainment. (Palmer, North, Carr and Kenway, 2003) The formulation of the Social Exclusion Unit indicates the Government had a clear understanding of social exclusion and an insight into the measures needed to be put in place to target the people most acutely affected by exclusion and reintergrating them back into society.
Topic: family

Tragic cases such as Victoria Climbie in 2000 brought the plight of disadvantaged children, who didn’t appear to have a ‘voice’, in to the media spotlight. The inquiry into Victoria’s death prompted a government Green Paper Every Child Matters (ECM): The Next Steps 2003 which led to the Children Act 2004 providing a legislative spine for developing more effective and accessible services focused around the needs of children, young people and families.
Topic: family

From April 2005 a ‘duty to co-operate’ was implemented to improve the well-being of children and young people and the act named Local Authorities (LA), Primary Care Trusts (PCT), Strategic Health Authorities, Connexions Services, Youth Offending Services (YOS), the Police Force, the Probation Service, and the Learning and Skills Council as organisations under this duty. The five key outcomes from the ECM Framework: being healthy; stay safe; enjoy and achieve; achieve economic well-being; make a positive contribution; are at the heart of the agenda.
Topic: family

These outcomes together with the more than 40 substansive rights detailed in the The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)(Appendix 1), which Britain ratified to in December 1991, are a postive step in ensuring all children and young people are represented, protected and given a voice. The conventions’ rights apply to all children and young people without discrimination and safeguard their basic needs and entitlements irrelvant of their culture, ability and nationality.
Topic: family

ECM aims to integrate services for children from 0 to 19 with agencies working across professional boundaries to co-ordinate support for those children and young people in need, with a focus on early intervention and providing better support to parents and families. The introduction of ContactPoint, the online directory for authorised staff ( as defined in regulations made unders section 12 of the Children Act 2004), and the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) have made strides in securing better outcomes for those it serves.
Topic: family

The CAF is designed for practitioners to be able to gather and record information about a child or young person with additional needs in a more holistic and systematic way, and achieve more consistant assessments that can be shared and understood by other agencies thus encouraging cross-agency working. This process is child-centred and aims to empower the child by asking them the miracle question; what would make a difference? and intends to ensure parity for all children. Consent is an integral part of the CAF and must be sort prior to the start of discussions and delivery.
Topic: family

Although this aims to be an empowering and joint process the CAF cannot guarentee service provision, it is essentially a tool to highlight the needs of a child/young person and how those needs can be met. By listening to the child and making him/her the centre of the process the CAF appears to be upholding the Special Educational Needs (SEN) Code of Practice 2002 which was more emphatic in its aim than its preceeding 1994 Code as it states ‘ the views of the child should be sought and taken into account’.
Topic: family

The Connexions service was established in 2001 with the aim of providing a comprehensive service to meet young people’s needs for information, advice and support. Through multi-agency working, in conjunction with the CAF, Connexions provides high quality, impartial information, advice and guidance ( including careers advice), together with access to personal development opportunites to help remove barriers to learning and progression and ensure young people make a smooth transition to adulthood and working life.
Topic: family

The service is designed to help all young people aged 13 to 19 regardless of need, and those up to 24 with a learning difficulty or disability. There is a particular focus on those at risk of not being in education, employment or training (NEET), or of being socially excluded. Organisations such as AimHigher, Windsor Project and Connexions are aiming to listen to the voices of youngsters, especially those considered at risk and support them through their transisitions within education as well as at home.
Topic: family

The Lietch report highlighted, at the time, that 20% of adults did not have sufficient adult literacy skills and the Government were keen to take steps to eradicate this deficiency and encourage youngsters to participate in their own education, take ownership and responsibility for their lives, be part of important decision making and empower them to embrace ‘life long learning’ and plan for their futures. In its action plan on social exclusion (August 2006) the Government set out the next steps in its drive to tackle the root causes of deep-seated disadvantaged and excluded groups.
Topic: family

It stated its priority as reaching the one million people at risk of persistent social exclusion, who have not yet benefited from opportunities that the majority of people can now take for granted. It stated the Government’s intention of tackling deep-seated social exclusion with the help of five guiding principles: Better identification and early intervention; Systematic identification of what works; Better multi-agency working; Personalisation, and rights and responsibilities where appropriate; Supporting achievement and managing under performance.
Topic: family

Twelve out of the thirty Public Service Agreements focus on reducing poverty and disadvantage – an indication of how seriously this government takes the task of creating a fairer and equal society. The Government has had success in improving lives for the most disadvantaged groups, and the Cabinet Office recently launched “Think Family: Improving the Life Chances of Families at Risk” (January 2008), which set out a vision for a local system that aims to improve the life chances of families at risk and helps to break the cycle of disadvantagement.
Topic: family

Due to the sheer complexity and scale of social exclusion, the Government targeted this group because they run a high risk of slipping though the net of uncoordinated service provision; they are disproportionately likely to be jobless, potentially consigning them to a lifetime of exclusion, at high human cost to them and their families, as well as being a huge financial cost to society. There remain many challenges in reaching those hard to reach groups, caught in a cycle of disadvantage and we must ask is enough being done?
Topic: family

Some voluntary groups and organisations offer excluded groups an areana in which to air their views and opinions such groups include MENCAP a registered charity who present Themselves as the voice of learning disability. They work with people with learning disabilities to change laws and services, challenge prejudice and directly support thousands of people so they are able to live their lives as they choose. MENCAP advocate publications such as ‘Every Disabled Child Matters – support the campaign’. (Appendix 2) A leaflet which is designed by disabled youngsters entitled “If I could change one thing …
Topic: family

” Lots of the disabled children and youngsters who contricbuted to the leaflet said they want to: * Live their lives they way they want * Be listened to * Be included in their communities So it seems that however much interevention the Government believes is in place for these excluded groups society still needs to find ways of hearing what others have to say. According to Conger and Kanunigo, 1998 empowerment is the process which enables people who are excluded or discriminated against to gain power, authority and influence over others institutions and society.
Topic: family

Hogg, 2000 suggests that empowerment is very different to advocacy, he states that is where someone is acting on behalf of someone else in order to influence the decisions of another. In an ideal world, the excluded and marginalised groups would be able to speak up for themselves, they need to self advocate and have control over their recourses. If they were able to take more control over their own lives they may feel more empowered Appendices Appendix 1 UNICEF Children’s Rights and Responsibilites Appendix 2 Every Disabled Child Matters Publication Reference List Barnes, C. Mercer, G. Shakespeare, T.
Topic: family

One may believe that it is family and social class is the root of your personality. An example of this maybe found through the literature of Tony Harrison, a great poet and playwright found in the twentieth century era. A number of his poetic developments mainly reside on the subject of his journey from the working class, onto an education at Leeds University which allowed him to prosper in the field of linguistics. An example of this is found in the poem “Then” and “[uz]”.
Topic: family

This is also suggested through the possibility of the son, also living a distance away from his father. This may be inclined through the use of ‘Lifesaver’ sweets, being bought as a present in JFK airport (USA) when meeting his Dad: “Lifesavers…. Only bought rushing through JFK as a last resort”. In term of the latter poem, this seems to show how after two years passing since the narrators mothers death, the father is still in denial, however he later dies, leaving the narrator alone to grieve over him.
Topic: family

In this poem, although the narrator seemed uncaring to his father’s objections to his mother’s death, it seems that in this instance, that he longs to hear his bitter words of complaint as opposed to the silence which is now on earth, forever. With the differing forms and structures of the two poems, this may create the idea that although at times, society can change us, it is the dramatic changes in our lives that can make us see more profoundly on the subjects that we took or take for granted. This may be backed up in the first stanza of the first poem, in comparison to the last stanza in the second poem.
Topic: family

The spontaneous conversation of the son and father in “long distance 1” seems to create the picture of a quarrel between the two, concerning the bitter account of the burden of being a widower. Their voices are made known through the use of Standard English “I let your phone-call take its dismal course”; whilst the other, through the use of Yorkshire dialect “Carrots choke us wi’out your mam’s white sauce! “. In this stanza, we are met by the sons disapproval of the fathers anger by suggesting he is never happy anymore: “Your bed’s got two wrong sides. You life’s all grouse”.
Topic: family

This is then replied with a possible ‘cry for help’ as the father replies: “Ah, can’t stand it no more, this empty house! “. Contrastingly, in the last stanza of “long distance 2”, it appears that although the narrator saw his father’s phone calls as ‘dismal’ before; now that he has gone, the narrator is lost without him as he still relies on hearing the voice of his father for comfort; showing the love that was always there: “in my new black leather phone book there’s your name and the disconnected number I still call. On the subject of imagery to suggest family relationships, Tony Harrison does this throughout a number of ways.
Topic: family

One example of this, is found in “long distance 1”; inside of the four line, first stanza. With the line: “Carrots choke us wi’out your mam’s white sauce! “, one may suggest that through the use of Yorkshire dialect, whilst the son is speaking in traditional English; it may be perceived that this provides us with the idea that the son may possibly have a higher intellect in comparison with his father, or may even show that his culture has partially been removed from what he has learnt through his studies; acting as a detachment of their relationship through the use of auditory imagery.
Topic: family

In “long distance 2” however, auditory imagery may be used to convey a sense of hope, or in a sense, denial of the actions of fate in reality. We see this in the third stanza, line three, as we are told that although the narrator’s mother has passed on, the narrators father still anticipates his wife’s return home: “though sure that very soon he’d hear the key scrape in the rusted lock and end his grief”.
Topic: family

On this quotation, one may feel that this composes the impression that although the father is waiting to hear the sound of the rugged key hole being turned, it also suggest the timeframe since his wife’s death as the ‘rusted’ lock may imply that the father has either neglected his duty to keep the house maintained, or also that the wife has been absent for so long, that domestic ‘housewife’ jobs have not being completed; such as cleaning etc.
Topic: family

Your life all grouse”. From this quote, one may argue that the visual imagery of the bed suggests that the father will never be happy again as the son tells us that it has two ‘wrong sides’; suggesting not only the ‘saying’ of a person being angry on account of them waking up at the wrong side of the bed, but also implying his anger that his wife will never be close to him in the small pleasures of life such as sleeping, or waking up together etc.
Topic: family

One may also suggest that the son could also be moralising to the father; suggesting that he is not always depressed and how his father should get on with life, rather than living in morning which could possibly show the contrast in their personalities. Inside of “long distance two” at the last stanza, this may represent two ideas. Not only does this connect to the first “long distance” poem through the use of phone calls, but also suggest his grievance from the father’s death. This can be shown from the quote: “in my new black leather phone book there’s your name and the disconnected number I still call”.
Topic: family

From this, one may receive the idea that the narrator is more like his father than he thought. Although he suggests that: “I believe life ends with death and that is all”, it could be argued that by carrying out the same traits as his father (“disconnected number I still call”); in comparison to when his mother died, this may show that even though they were detached at times, that the narrator will always be his ‘father’s-son’ as from this perspective, it seems that their personalities handle death similarly.
Topic: family

Another topic which emphasises the family relationships of these two poems is voice in the poem. Through the use of a phone call, one may suggest that this is a technique which is successfully able to show a strong symbolism of the distance the two family members. This may be both emotionally and physically; as the poet is able to use the differing of language to juxtapose this against the others character. It also shows the difference in emotions when handling the mother’s death.
Topic: family

“Your life’s all grouse”; this may suggest the son taking his anger out on the father as a way of handling the death of his mother. For the father, when stating “Ah can’t stand it no more, this empty house! ” this could suggest a cry for help to the son and also shows his isolation, as it may show that his son hardly visits. Another use of voice is found in the perspective of the narrator in the last stanza of “Long Distance 1” as well as all four stanza’s in “Long Distance 2”.
Topic: family

In the first poem, we see how in this perception of the situation, it appears as if the father is punishing his son for buying him sweets “When I come around, they’ll be laid out, the sweets”, however although this is so, we are told these are Lifesavers which could also represent the son’s (narrators) caring side as he provides him with sugar free sweets: “Lifesavers, my father’s New World treats”.
Topic: family

By using “New World treats”, this may suggest the aging time in his Dad life, as we are provided with the idea that his father has Diabetes “Ah’m diabetic now. Got all the facts”. Although this could be suggested, at the end of this stanza we are told by the narrator that these were bought as a ‘last thought’: “only bought rushing through JFK as a last thought” which could highlight the disconnection of the two male personas.
Topic: family

In the latter poem, when being told of the fathers denial of the mothers death, stanza two represents how the father restricts the son from seeing his true personality as he clears up all memorabilia of the mother as if clearing up for a long distance relative: “He’d put you off an hour to give him time to clear away her things and look along as though his still raw love were such a crime”. In conclusion, Tony Harrison is able to successfully create a balance of family relationships throughout a number of ways.
Topic: family

He does this though a number of varying poetic techniques which in some cases is used to convey the contrast between his upbringing and his education. Be that as it may, from one’s personal opinion being based on the inspection of this poem, it seems that a valid argument to this is that although it seemed that the narrators (Harrison) relationship to his father was long distance, after his death, he appreciated who his father was and even though he was at times ‘dismal’; he still is attached to his father through the “disconnected number I still call”.
Topic: family

The art work he used for his thesis used the Puritan discourse when showing children as ‘smaller adults’ showing them as toned and muscular. This could be seen as adults not having love for children that they deserved and needed, and yet with the high infant mortality rates that existed at the time they were painted, every child would have been treasured and cared for in the best possible way. Yet, Aries theories are still used to this day as a key place to start when looking at the social constructionist’s view of childhood.
Topic: family

In modern Western Culture there is now a third discourse which comes into play, this is the tabula rasa discourse; this see children as needing to be shaped during their childhood and are not born either good or bad. Tabula Rasa is translated as ‘blank slate’. Philosopher John Locke came up with this discourse and used it to say in his writings that “the child is born with a potential” (Pg 64, Understanding Childhood).
Topic: family

However, this cannot always be seen as being true, as children over a certain young age are expected to perform tasks and daily duties that Western Culture would deem more suitable for adults. In television adverts, the notion that children are something which should be protected is very common, the Peugeot advert where the image of a young girl in front of a fast moving lorry shows a child very similar to those in Victorian paintings, one that is full of goodness and innocence, one that must be protected; (the Romantic Discourse).
Topic: family

The advert is constructed in such a way that it’s aiming its audience at families who wish to protect their children from danger, this is why they have filled the advert with black and white pictures of danger and harm happening in the world today and have the smiling long haired girl the only one in colour. Again, another advert with which we can draw a conclusion from is the Evian advert which captures the imagination of its audience by showing babies as sweet and smiling, although it is unrealistic in how it portrays babies, it shows complete innocence and has no morals throughout it, unlike that of the Peugeot advert.
Topic: family

Television and billboard/shop adverts all want to sell their products and in doing so, display the cute image of the ‘perfect’ child, almost telling its audience that in buying their products their children will be full of smiles. Movies on the other hand, can show children and the whole idea of childhood on its head and show them in any form it chooses to. In the movie Leon, the character of Matilda is exposed to violence at a very young age and here emotions are very dysfunctional.
Topic: family

She sets out to get revenge for her families deaths and in doing so, looses the ideals of what a safe, normal childhood should be. Her character does not have a passive role in her childhood but has an active role in how she chooses to be; Matilda therefore does not conform to any recognised formula as to what childhood should be. Another movie with which we can gain evidence from is American beauty; this shows a young teenager as more of a sexual object, particularly in the eyes of Kevin Spaceys character.
Topic: family

This is carefully timed to fall at a precise moment of tension so throughout the break the audience would be itching to watch more. There are two climatic curtains throughout this play, in-between the three acts. The first climatic curtain in the play is after act one, we know that Gerald has played a part in her life, but we don’t really know how, and the audience really want to know how he is involved in her death as we assume he must.
Topic: family

Of course, the main mistaken identity throughout is ‘Inspector’ Goose. We find out at the end of the play that he isn’t a real inspector. His identity was concealed by the Birlings’ lack of questions, Mr. Birling only asks few questions but trusts him to be a real inspector as does not see a reason not do. The inspector was probably dressed in similar attire to a normal inspector so that caused even less suspicion. He conducted himself similarly and even addressed him self as an inspector so of course the Birling family didn’t even think to doubt it till after he was gone.
Topic: family

We learn nothing of the person that pretends to be the inspector though. He just seems to play a model of moral and conscious, as would be shown in the medieval morality plays. Eric is also a mistaken identity, but not in the same way as they all knew who he was but just certain aspects of his nature were concealed from them, like the fact that he was the father of Eva Smith’s baby. It was obvious that they were in the dark because of Mrs. Birling refusal of believing that Eric could do any thing wrong. ‘Mrs. Birling: No, it can’t be him, he isn’t like that’
Topic: family

She is in a state of shock that she blamed this girls death on him, and also that there was so much of her son that she didn’t know about through trying to block herself from that was blindingly obvious just because she didn’t want to know. Another mistaken identity was of Mrs. Birling. At first she seems kind and pleasant and seems genuinely happy with the fact that her daughter is getting engaged and seems to be quite a nice person. Afterwards we find out she is a total and utter snob as we learn that she is incredible disregarding to the lower classes, to the extent of suggesting that they are not even of the same kind.
Topic: family

‘And in any case I don’t suppose for a moment that we can understand why the girl committed suicide. Girls of that class… ‘ She shows her belief that different boundaries of class cover even the boundaries of thinking. It show that she is very shallow-minded and not a very nice person inside, which only started to show later on in the play. On the surface it does seem that this is a ‘who dunnit’ but delve further and certain aspects prove wrong these allegations. For one not only one person is said to have driven her to suicide, but all of them, it also doesn’t have a conclusion at the end but ends rather openly.
Topic: family

The idea of the plot runs through a lot of ideas on rules playwrights should follow in order for their play to be a success. The main idea of plot is that only one storyline should follow throughout the story or otherwise it overcomplicates it. If there is more that one they can’t be explained well, or are rushed which will make them pointless, in a realistic drama it is best as there is no moving around of set. An inspector calls does follow the rules of the Greek Unities which were set down by Greek philosopher Aristotle. Time, Space and Action are the three points that make it up. Time means that the story should be set in real time.
Topic: family

A Muslim man can also have as many concubines as he wish provided that he can afford having them all. The statement of women on issues regarding marriage divorce and punishments are not accepted in the Islam religion. Punishment for Muslim women for those who committed adultery is stoning to death, 100 lashes for fornication, death for those who are guilty of apostasy, 80 lashes for drinking wine, and cutting of right hand for theft are only few of the horrifying punishments for women.
Topic: family

Furthermore, the husband was also given the power to personally administer punishment to his wife, especially in cases when his wife refuses to beautify herself and refuses to meet his sexual demands, or even leave the house without permission. Women must not also bring disgrace to a Muslim family. Even a girl who was raped may be even charged by sexual intercourse and may be beaten by disgracing her families honor. In Pakistan, Human Rights Commission reported that one woman is raped every three hours, and a great percent of women in the country are sexually and physically abused.
Topic: family

In these reviews, a reader might think why Muslim women just accept their fate for religious sake. On the other hand, there are women who want to make use of the Islam religion to somehow free themselves from their traditional lives. They believe that through being converted to a Muslim, they will have access to education, can work and become active in politics, and be the central role in the Muslim family. Jenny White, an American, greatly believed that through Islam women could get new possibilities especially in participating in activated that were formerly dominated by men.
Topic: family

Joining in Islamic parties could also give women the possibility to study in a university, and are greatly concern on the freedom of choice for women in marriage. According to White, it is only the feminists or feminists activists who used Koran to support their ideas about the role of women and these women’s politics are must not be intertwined with the religious beliefs of women. Sher (2007) further supported this and stressed that culture and religion are entirely different from each other.
Topic: family

Muslim women like White, sees the Islam as a religion which allows them to play the important role in life, being a wife, and a mother. In Judaism, like in Islam, it is written in the Old Testament that a woman should be stoned to death if found to be not virgin, and in case of rape, she must marry her rapist to alleviate the shame. Women also have no legal standing, not even taking a divorce. Women must also not expose their hair, since the said act is equivalent to exposing their private parts and initiating erotic excitement.
Topic: family

“Looking back for both poets includes reference to a child – adult relationship. In your comparisons make close references to the poets’ use of language. Make clear, in your view, which poem is more successful.” There are many differences AND similarities between the two poems, including use of language, both being autobiographical, and use of smell, but I find that the main difference between the two poems is the way that the past experiences were reflected upon; Elizabeth Jennings looks back on her history with a sense of guilt and regret, but
Topic: family

” All the underlined words are examples of this. The poet also seems fond of using metaphor in her language; the mention of cleaning (‘polish was all, there was no need of love’) relates to verse two, where the poet as a child refused to go out with her gran, it states that ‘Though she never said / That she was hurt, I could still feel the guilt’. The two are metaphorically connected, both referring to the idea of keeping the outside well polished and shiny, but the inside doesn’t matter one bit.
Topic: family

“She kept an antique shop – or it kept her” Both owner and shop have come to resemble each other, like a lady and her pet, although the language she uses is subtle. All of verse three is one large metaphor, the references to a ‘long narrow room’ into which the old woman put her most prized possessions, ‘the smell of absences where shadows come’, and the nothingness that can’t be polished ‘to give her own reflection’ are all references to a coffin. The narrow room suggests the shape of it, the smell of absences suggests mourning over her non-presence in the world of the living, and the verse also hints that death is an such an absolute certainty that no amount of polishing will bring back granny.
Topic: family

The basic structure of the poem is almost in iambic pentameter (i.e.; a, b, a, b, c, c). There are also many words in the poem that would be considered negative, such as: refused, never said, hurt, guilt, refusal, frail, narrow, too long, can’t be polished, no grief, never used, and no finger-marks. Put together, all of these words form a basic idea of negativity within the reader’s subconscious. Feelings of regret, guilt, despair and grief waver on the edge of thought.
Topic: family

The poem by Duffy, ‘In Mrs. Tilscher’s Class’, is a direct contrast of this, delivering scenes of happiness and learning, of new experiences. The first word of the whole poem, ‘You’, is very important. It suggests being personal, as if the poem is almost casual in it’s language. This idea keeps up throughout the writing. The order of events and topics throughout the poem tilt towards spontaneity, being slightly random in the way the memories are dictated, and phrases are used as a supplement for sentences, which might be as the lingual equivalent of snapshots, or pastings from times past. Description is also important in portraying happiness in an educational environment:
Topic: family

“Enthralling books. The classroom glowed like a sweetshop. Sugar paper. Coloured shapes… The scent of a pencil slowly, carefully shaved.” The last verse about the pencil uses punctuation to highlight it’s meaning, the part of commas suppresses the reader to take his time reading it, with the same deliberation that a child may take in sharpening the pencil. The poem appears to make a transition as it moves on, both in language and in content.
Topic: family

The language becomes more sophisticated as it advances such as a child learning more ‘big words’ (e.g. ‘that for an hour, then a skittle of milk’ transcends to ‘fractions under a heavy, sexy sky’). The content also changes from childhood innocence (‘Some mornings, you found she’d left a gold star by your name’) to sexual awareness (see heavy, sexy sky comment, also ‘you ran through the gates, impatient to be grown, as the sky split open into a thunderstorm’).
Topic: family

The safety disappears as the child finds himself in the real world, but is still happy and ‘impatient to be grown’. Mrs Tilscher’s refusal to respond (‘turned away’) to an innocent question about how a child is made hints that an answer might burst the protective bubble she has helped maintain. The beginning of verse three also helps to see how language is used in the idea of children to adults, where ‘the inky tadpoles changed from commas into exclamation marks’, the commas looking like tadpoles and the exclamation marks representing the world of puberty; of raging hormones and extreme stress.
Topic: family

60,000 people from Edinburgh alone failed to turn up at the station for the evacuation; as they had felt that war was not imminent when the sign-up was promoted. The Government could not enforce evacuation, as it would be fruitless; costing more than it would be worth. There would be plenty of angry parents not letting police in, and it seems a bit quasi-futuristic to have the Government forcing children into the backs of big vans whilst their screaming parents can do nothing but look on (or is that Chitty Chitty Bang Bang?).