ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: family

Sethe’s main mentor for mothering is her mother-in-law, Baby Suggs. But her life has also been profoundly by slavery’s breaking of families. In all of Baby Sugg’s and as well as Sethe’s life, men and women were moved around like produce. Anybody that Baby Suggs knew, loved, who hadn’t run off or been hanged, got rented out, loaned out, bought up, mortgaged, won, stolen, or seized. Baby Suggs calls herself and the people she knew ‘checkers’ and she was crushed by the realization that nobody stopped ‘playing checkers’ just because her children were now ‘part of the game’.
Topic: family

Sethe tries to resist this cycle of breaking the bond between mother and child by holding onto her family. She managed to get all of her children across the Ohio River to freedom from the slave farm Sweet Home, where they were born. But one of the most disturbing scenes, that could easily be missed, is right after their escape. When the slave-owners come to Ohio to claim them, she takes her children out to the woodshed to kill them all before he can take them. She only manages to kill one, sawing through its neck. She says ‘If I hadn’t killed her, she would have died.’ (Morrison, 100)
Topic: family

When Sethe explains this to the Beloved that has returned to her later in life, she goes deeper into what she did and the intergenerational destruction that slavery put upon the mother line: ‘My plan was to take us all to the other side, where my own mam is. They stopped me from getting us there, but they didn’t stop you from getting here. You came right on the back like a good girl, like a daughter, which is what I wanted to be and would’ve been if my man had been able to get out of the rice long enough before they hanged her and let me be one.’(Morrison, 101). Sethe had the chance of being a daughter stolen from her, but she has become a mother on her own. Her intensity is incomprehensible to everyone else – to her remaining daughter, Denver, to her lover, Paul D; to her entire community who excludes her.
Topic: family

Paul D tells her ‘Your love is too thick’(Morrison, 82). At another point in the novel he says that to survive in their world, they have to protect themselves and love small. He believes that she had no right to decide her children’s future, to take away from them the chance of ever having a future. He becomes afraid of her and thinks of her as being inhuman. He tells her ‘You got two feet, Sethe, not four.’(Morrison, 82) This can make the readers think of the previous comparations between women, that were not meant to be mothers and daughters, but cattle and calves. It is made very explicit early in the novel when it is said that sex with a slave woman is not, (for Halle) so different from sex with a calf. But this is one of the ways that a slave-owner would see her. Perhaps Paul D sees her like an animal he is afraid of. This could also be interpreted as her not being able to walk on two feet anymore, and out of desperation, she is crawling on four.
Topic: family

Sethe responds to Paul D’s accusation of her love being too thick that ‘Thin love ain’t love at all.’(Morrison, 82). This can be also observed in the Sethe-Beloved-Denver dynamic. They consume each other and their love for one another. But Beloved is the one that overgrows them. Beloved and Sethe develop a mutual obsession. Beloved says: ‘I am not separate from her, here is no place where I stop’, and ‘You are my face; I am you’ (Morrison, 105). They have lost themselves in each other. Sethe is dominated by her guilt and she tried to replace it with as much love as she can conceive.
Topic: family

Septhanie A. Demetrakopoulos argues that ‘maternal bonds can stunt or even obviate a woman’s individuation or sense of self’ (Demetrakopolos, 51). She claims that society, as a whole, does not want to know about the sacrifices, the costs, or the burdens of motherhood. They lose or cannot fully develop a sense of self. She considers that Sethe is consumed by her own idea of motherhood – the fact that she grew up without a mother figure is sensed in her overcompensation when she becomes a mother. She has given life and she will take life if it means that she protects it. The guilt of the infanticide consumes her just as much as her obsession with love does.
Topic: family

The novel ends in a somewhat hopeful tone. Denver is the one that has learned the most from her mother’s failures and triumphs. She acknowledges the importance of the mother line and the danger of holding on to drama. Beloved ‘moves on’ once the community has come together and forgave Sethe. 30 women from the community come together to exorcise the ghost. Paul D learns from Sethe that he too wants to ‘love thick’, and he says that he ‘wants to put his story next to hers.’ And in his love, he describes what all the characters, who all love each other, do for each other. In a resolution, we can see that once Beloved no longer had a hold on the members of 124 along with the community, begin to move forward into a different life.
Topic: family

Morrison’s novel can be both painful and healing, giving a body, a voice, and a name to the dehumanizing effects of slavery. The novel builds up upon pain, upon struggle, upon dehumanization, and beats itself by using consuming and destructive love. Beloved is the embodiment of pain. It is a journey into the past and into the self. The ghostly apparition of Beloved is what enables Sethe to remember, accept, and forgive. The novel portrays African-American motherhood, with all of its ranges: the work of a mother, the love of a mother, and the mother-daughter relationship – as a political situation with consequences.
Topic: family

Children these days are turning out to be violent and are inevitably growing up to be lawbreakers. The fault on kids’ wrongdoings these days is usually going onto the guardians, for the most part under the statement “failing to exercise reasonable care, supervision, protection, and control over children”. However, many of the crimes that youngsters are committing are almost unrelated to their parents, and the way their parents raised them. There are many other vital factors that greatly justify their crime such as outside influences, age & lack of law enforcement on the minor crimes committed by kids.
Topic: family

There are cases where a child becomes violent or prone to criminal activities because of mass media influences such as the internet & television. A parent can only control so much of their children’s social media life that they cannot control every little aspect. The emerging of unregulated content streaming services such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video & Hulu is very alarming as kids are easily influenced by the violent imagery and curse words depicted in the movies and tv series. There is also a link between violent video games such as Grand Theft Auto and real-world aggression. For example, there is a wake of mass shootings in schools, most notably in the United States. Most of the suspects admitted that they spent a large amount of time playing shooting video games. Therefore, this kind of bad media influence played a huge role in promoting violence in children.
Topic: family

The age might be just a number according to many, but if we think again, they do have an impact on how we judge the people and also the situations around us. Do we really care if a 3-year-old child throws a tantrum and start breaking things? Of course not, but why? It is because we know that they cannot think thoroughly about their actions just yet. This is the idea that I would like to imply to justify my argument. Most of the violent cases that were caused by children are rarely younger than 10 years old. Older children are much more aware of their surroundings and can choose for themselves. They could think for themselves and know right from wrong regardless of how their parents raised them. Another issue regarding the age factor is the lack of law enforcement on children’s crime, especially when it is a minor one. Authorities tend to forgive and forget a crime if it is done by teenagers in the name of humanity. These youngsters will feel that they are immune from punishment and will keep repeating their sins over and over again.
Topic: family

In a nutshell, parents should not be held responsible for their children’s actions and wrongdoings for numerous reasons. Outside influences affect the child enormously, no matter how well his or her parents treat him. These influences could come from numerous sources such as television, the internet, and even other people that surround them. Another factor would be age, as previously stated age changes a lot when it comes down to judgment. The absence of law enforcement on a child’s crime also leads them to keep repeating their mistakes. Last but not least, it is up to the child to control himself or herself, not his or her parents.
Topic: family

When altering with the economic climate, numerous families require both parents to be employed to meet their financial needs, wants, and well-being for depending on becoming parents which is effective to Jane and Harold as they work as a CEO of a design company and Harold as a History teacher. The financial gain that is earned through the parents as an income must be used to pay for the child’s school fees, uniforms/clothing, and groceries to meet financials, needs, and wants.
Topic: family

Another point that can be implemented for Jane and Harold is to minimize working hours as they endure, this strategy must be applied as it will benefit the Myer’s. Jane works 50 hours per week and Harold works 42 hours per week, these hours would be problematic towards the child as not spending quality family time with parents to get a strong family bond. Minimizing working hours would be significantly undertaken as it would be effective that allows the Myer’s to spend more time with their child and attend events such as school functions and sports games, which will satisfy the child’s emotional wellbeing.
Topic: family

To add, parents may enroll their child in additional activities or decide to go with paid carers or family to supervise their child while they work. The greater option is to make childcare arrangements, whether it’s formal such as childcare centers or informal, such as with grandparents or friends. This strategy specifies children to develop socialization opportunities as in child care there are many other dependents to play and communicate with, which can improve their social wellbeing.
Topic: family

Sporting is another essential commitment to Jane and Harold as they need physical activity to maintain their health in order to take care of the child to satisfy both of their needs and wellbeing. Physical activities are a requirement to parents as its confirmed that it reduces stress level which many parents experience with various commitments to meet. An example to achieve and maintain a healthy and physical lifestyle is that one parent can look after the child, while the other can go exercise. For Harold, he can attend his normal soccer schedule or golf. Whereas Jane, has no organized physical activity, for this jane needs to improve her health and obtain a diet and attend gym while at the same time their child is looked after Harold. This should be a change that the Myers should manage with as Jane has limited physical activity and is overweight which will be harder to take care of the child if she does not take on this strategy. Also, as decreasing smoking habits for Jane as it affects, the child, as well as both parents need to be responsible and cut off binge drinking completely. The Myers must have a diary and a scheduling book to juggle tasks and activities to make an improvement in their life. This increases both Jane’s and Harold’s physical well-being also as enhancing the parent’s emotional wellbeing as the other parent spends valuable time with the child. Another strategy for sporting as a whole family is to get involved with bike riding, with a toddler seat attached to parents’ bike, this can cause growth within the whole family’s social wellbeing as they spend quality time together physically.
Topic: family

Family Commitment involves both parents to cook, cleaning, help children with homework, quality time for the family. Strategies for Jane and Harold can include getting both sides of the family together such as Jane’s father, sister with her children, and Harold’s mother and father along with their son which is effective to show the child love and affection from families. This is suggested where This will enhance Harold and Janes’s child to get quality family time and see her family more often, this will reduce a child’s mental wellbeing and have playful and fun memories. Furthermore, it would be effective if Jane and Harold have a schedule of who cleans and cook while the other parent looks after the child or another strategy that Jane and Harold can undertake is calling for family assistance in caring for their child as its information and isn’t expensive as for formal services such as child care. This will also allow the child to have more time and have grown with grandparents.
Topic: family

Lastly, Parents may decide to upgrade their knowledge and education level to study further. To take care of their child there is a suggestion for Jane and Harold to undertake to study online. This strategy of online study gives the benefit of being a more flexible parent and balance their commitments as they don’t have to physically have to go to a University/TAFE as it’s more time-efficient. As for the child, it is suggested for Jane and Harold to educate the child frequently and early in age. Jane and Harold should demonstrate a positive attitude toward education and read books as it would be beneficial for the child to learn as makes it easier later in the future for the child and helps build knowledge.
Topic: family

How to be a good parent is the question every soon to be and the existing parent has. Being a parent is quite difficult especially in this area where society judges you on everything you do. A good parent consists of not trying to be a perfect parent, but the best you can be for your child. Parenting consists of love, respect, support, encouragement, discipline, sacrifice, and rewards. Many times, as a parent we tend to give more material items than affection and love.
Topic: family

Child discipline is probably the least enjoyable part of parenting. It can be frustrating, discouraging, challenging, and exhausting. It is one of the most recurrent and toughest challenges of parenthood. As a parent have you ever wondered, “How can you discipline the children without using punishment?” Using punishment is not the only way nor a good way to successfully discipline a child. Punishment places fear on children and can lead to mental disorders, emotional disequilibrium, externalizing behavior, self-fulfillment.
Topic: family

Avoid comparison and labels. Comparing your children with other children is not a good thing that would impact the child’s self-esteem and confidence, labeling the child will only build anger. You want to be the kind of parent who takes the time to inculcate in the child’s good manners, habits, and behavior. Remember there is no such thing as a perfect child, so allow them to make mistakes and to be themselves. Always show your child affection and respect, physical contact such as a kiss or a hug can go a long way in building a profound connection with your child. Always make your child your number one priority. Never vent your anger, sadness, or frustration on your child.
Topic: family

Be a responsible parent that will lead children to self-reliant adulthood. The definition of a good parent might be different from person to person. For many the definition of a parent is one who creates, gives birth to, or nurtures and raises a child; a father or a mother. To me, parents are those who raise you. Giving birth to a child doesn’t make you a parent. Being a parent is a major sacrifice, the amount of care you place on the child is crucial because if you care “too much “the child may not form opinions of their own and not grow up to be their own individual person. If the child receives too little care, then they may not have the basics to develop their own person correctly and in some cases have led to an adult life of misfortune. Finally, time is very important when it comes to having children, especially in their early years, a child requires a lot of attention and time, so think wisely when planning to have children.
Topic: family

Modern zoo’s focus on research more than public display. This is to understand the behaviours of the animals. Animals might feel very uncomfortable when encaged, so its important to understand how to keep them happy inside the zoo. For example, some birds when in captivity might feel distressed and they tend to pluck their feathers and end up harming themselves. It was only after a doing an extensive research that they were able to find out that this behaviour is due to different species of birds caged in one big enclosure.
Topic: family

Its important for every human being to understand how we impact the wildlife and also how deforestation and industrialization is causing destruction in wildlife habitats. Its important to know how we humans can improve life for animals and educating them at zoos is one way to do this. Zoos have dedicated zoologists to educate the visitors and explaining them about the animals and their behaviours. The zoologists also make sure that the people are safe from any possible attacks while being near dangerous animals.
Topic: family

The role of parent involvement in their children’s education is not a new issue. The origins of parental involvement stems trace back from the language compensation programs carry out in the 1960s and 1970s in the US and Europe, among other aims of these programs is considered parents to be the primary role models in their children’s education. Assuring their children’s academic achievement and success in school career is one of the most important aspirations of every parent in many cultures.
Topic: family

It is a well-known fact that a child’s education goes into three steps: a family where it starts then school, the place where it gets shape, and the social environment where a child’s education continues its development. In other words, parents are the child’s first teachers who are supposed(opt to) to be sources of motivation and support for them. So, it would be appropriate to say that the success of children in their education is due to the great corroboration between families, schools.
Topic: family

Socio-political factors such as the negative experience that parents have lived before in school may play a major role in the way of parental engagement as well as the parents’ educational levels. This latter, influence the way parents to participate in their children’s education. In case that parents have a low level of education, parental engagement is less effective in comparison with a parent with high education level since they have a lack of self-confidence and that enables them to be in contact with school staff. However, parents with good-education show more authority and flexibility when dealing with school staff. On the other hand, parents’ income is considered significant factors in parental engagement.
Topic: family

The complex structure and language that use in school staff may have gaps between parents and school. Since parents consider the academic language that teachers use as challenged language and obstacles for them to getting touch with school staff. Another factor that may affect parental involvement is the teachers’ effectiveness. Studies show that understandings of parental support are linked directly with teachers’ efficacy. Relying on these studies there three categories of P.I activities, which are about teacher efficacy: conference, parents as volunteers, and parents as educators. Sometimes, parents are confused about their engagement in their children‘s education since they may not understand their children‘s learning needs. In addition, the complexity of the curriculum considers an obstacle incomprehension of children’s education process.
Topic: family

The study of adulthood development was a new study that began in 1978 by Levinson since then expands rapidly from year to year. It began as a field of psychology, but more and more disciplines have shown interest in the changes that take place over the adult years, this include sociologist, anthropologists, neuroscientists, epidemiologists, behavior geneticists, cellular biologists, biogerontologists, and many other types of scientists (Bjorklund, 2008). Adult development emphasizes the changes that occur in the biological and psychological aspects of human life, which start from the end of adolescence until the end of one’s life.
Topic: family

At every stage, they had their own roles, and sometimes the transitions from one role into another role just challenging as the roles themselves. Many theories explained life span development where every stage has its own achievement or goals; what supposed to do and somehow become a kind of standard and social expectation. However, How if our behavior, attitudes are out of social rules and expectations, would people confront and admit to every set of social expectation and how it fell if they don’t.
Topic: family

There’s study conduct on heavy drinking college students (adolescence) and the transitions to young adulthood by Team Center of Alcohol Studies in 2002, the study was concerned with five major points of development, this includes physical and cognitive development, identity, affiliation, and achievement. The finding showed that as people having drinking behavior in adolescence it could either decreasing or increasing in later stage all depend on the context and the individuals themselves, and there’s nothing to do with the social expectations. the transition from college to early adulthood life involves major individual and contextual change in every domain of life; at the same time, heavy drinking and associated problems increase during this transition (Schulenberg, J. E. 2015). Therefore, this paper is aimed to explore more about the young adulthood world, by using my own journey of adulthood as an example for these concepts, this includes what kind of roles and behaviors of my age in society and how I feel about it.
Topic: family

The concept of adulthood has legal and socio-cultural definitions. The legal definition of an adult is a person who has reached the age at which they are considered responsible for their own actions (Mcleod, 2008). And there a term called Social roles and Transitions, social roles refer to society’s expectations of attitude and behaviors that a person suppose to do. Also known as Role Transitions, which means they change as the life circumstances of the individual change, emerging from adolescent to young – middle and too late adulthood, and the older adult may lose some roles as friends and family members die, but the remaining roles increase in richness and the satisfaction they provide.
Topic: family

According to the socio-cultural definitions of adulthood, adulthood life began when a person can take over the responsibility of their own life. These involve, able to make their own decision, career path, spouse, friends with who they want to spend time. My adulthood began when I decide to leave my comfort zone and go out to work to help my family, at that time I was only 16 years old and I am already part of the family financial resources. I was growing up and raised by a traditional family in rural area Indonesia, their perception about the world is just primitive and limited I would say, therefore how they set a standard of life that become the cultural Expectations And Rules is very odd or old style, in my culture early married is one of the traditions that remain active in modern days. When a girl finishes their junior high school, they supposed to get married as early as possible and having a kid as fast as possible and experience new roles, wife, mother, worker, daughter-in-law, group adult members in society. They perceive the purpose of life is to married having family and kids. I’m not the same as other women of my generation, where women supposed to stay home to look after the family and doing chores, I prefer to stay worked and study.
Topic: family

They believe that this stage is a crucial period; is determining our life path, they change some value in order to be accepted by the society, family, and adult group members. they realize that social group beliefs are guided by conventional values in terms of beliefs and behavior. That was the rules and expectations of society for people of my age. In my point of view, the standard of behavior and attitudes in my village is just not really necessary in today world, where I had exposes much cultural diversity background and others value that change my beliefs toward what’s my parents have a program in an earlier age, however, I still respect their value but somehow its had led me to some pressure sometimes, and inferiority, also I felt they trying to make me feel different.
Topic: family

The social expectation of how and what we should do and the roles of what we should become based on our age or gender is just an ideal self and not always become the best self. There’s no such perfection where our life path just goes smooth as a river or theory assumption, instead of life challenges. Just like what the research mentions above of adolescents who had bad attitudes toward life and replaces into drinking behavior, in later years their behavior remains the same or even increasing and that’s nothing to do with the experience of the new role. That proves that social expectation doesn’t always pressure people to fit on those expectations. As people grew up and mature, they had a deal with many experiences in life that might shape them as a strong and tough personality, they become clearer about life and know what exactly what they want, even though sometimes their behavior or attitudes is deviated from what society expects.
Topic: family

Based on the finding above about the roles and transition in the early adulthood, I come up with several conclusion, firstly people journey of life is not always based on what other people tells what we should and suppose to do. Secondly, social expectations are not always come easy to achieve and are ok to not fit into that all the time. Third, social roles as important too because they avoid people behaving randomly but to behave in a certain way in particular situations.
Topic: family

Sometimes too much emphasis is placed on the academic part of attending school. What about the other benefits students gain from attending school? Although many would disagree the lunch period being a benefit of attending school, it plays a big part in their academic success. For most, the average lunch period is 20 minutes from start to finish. From the article “Children Need Sufficient Time to Eat School Lunch,” the following is a 20-minute lunch observed by Heather Harrell (2016), “20 minutes to get to the lunchroom, go to the bathroom, go through the lunch line, eat, bus the individual’s lunch area, and get back to the classroom (par.
Topic: family

1). Twenty minutes is not enough time for children to eat, having enough time to eat is very important. By not allowing enough time children could be forced in learning unhealthy eating patterns, along with not getting their body recharged necessary for focusing on academics during the remainder of the school day. Having insufficient time to eat can promote eating habits that can contribute to the uprising rate of child obesity, such as eating too quickly or consuming more processed foods as opposed to fruits and vegetables (Harrell, 2016).
Topic: family

While meals served through the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) are regulated for nutrition and eligibility for free or price reduced lunches, there are no regulations for a specific amount of time allowed for lunch (Harrell, 2016). The students who are receiving the free or price reduced lunches are being affected since the school meals are probably the most significant meal, they receive during the school week. Some of these children depend on the school lunches to receive fruits and vegetables that they would rarely see or have available at home.
Topic: family

According to Cohen et al, (2016), a study of six schools was conducted and overall when the students were allowed more time for lunch, they consistently ate more of their lunch. Overall, students were significantly less likely to select a fruit if they had less than 20 minutes to eat their meal compared with having at least 25 minutes (44.4% vs. 57.3%). Similarly, the selection of fruits was significantly lower when students had between 20 to 24 minutes to eat compared with when students had at least 25 minutes (46.9% vs 57.3%). The selection of entrées did not change regardless of the amount of time they had for lunch (100%). They also noted that students arriving late or who were at the end of the line would tend to pick foods they were more likely to eat to maximize the amount of time there was to eat their lunch when they had twenty minutes or less for lunch (Cohen et al, 2016). Making these decisions on time could also contribute to poor eating habits that can lead to conditions such as child obesity.
Topic: family

For instance, having the time restraints children may pick foods that are quicker and less healthy, or they may opt to skip lunch which may cause unnecessary overeating later. According to Sung, (2019), students who packed their lunches to avoid the wait in line, packed primarily snack foods. Although these students would be allowing themselves more time to eat their lunches, the choices they are making are unhealthy ones. Bad habits created during childhood have the potential to carry over into adulthood which can lead to further health problems. Also consuming food too quickly is associated with adverse gastrointestinal hormone responses and with decreased perceived satiety post-consumption, it may increase the risk of becoming overweight (Cohen et al, 2016). With a longer lunch day, students can have more time to eat slowly and recognize signs of fullness, which do not develop until 20 minutes after eating (Carpenter, n.d.). Beyond the habits and health ramifications, eating poorly or not getting enough to eat could impact them academically as well.
Topic: family

Consequently, when students don’t get the right nutrition or enough to eat this could cause them to become sluggish and not as focused for the remainder of the school day. Also, when proper nutrition is absent it may cause the children to become ill which could result in missing school. Missing too much school could result in being held back. According to Anderson (2017), “Students who eat regular, healthy meals are less likely to be tired, are more attentive in class, and retain more information (par. 10) The National School Lunch Program has been in place since 1946 when the president Harry Truman signed the bill (USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, n.d.). Meals are required to meet nutrition standards; as part of the changes required by Congressional reauthorization of the program in 2010, NSLP nutrition standards have been updated to more closely match the Federal Dietary Guidelines for Americans (USDA, Child Nutrition Programs, n.d.) These updates are to provide nutritious foods to be served for their lunch programs. By providing healthy meals the students should be more attentive in class and be able to focus better during class time.
Topic: family

Also, most school faculty would oppose lengthening the lunch periods since this may cause longer days and rushing to be able to finish daily lesson plans. Creating longer days may leave “students less time after school for physical activity, which is another important component in keeping students at a healthy weight. Besides, a longer school day might lead to burnout among students,” stated by Carpenter, (n.d.) in the article she wrote, “Pros & Cons of Longer School Lunches” (par. 4). Maybe there could be some middle ground that can benefit all who could be affected by extending the lunch periods. For example, as discussed earlier students ate more and selected foods better by receiving over 25 minutes. If the current lunch period is 20 minutes, extend it to 30 minutes. That is taking ten minutes away from the class which could be divided by the number of daily lessons. Ten minutes is not going to make an impact that could deprive students of their academics or create a longer day. Another could be to offer more cashiers, added tray lines, or pre-daily selection of their lunches, which would allow lines to move more quickly.
Topic: family

To conclude, leaving the children to make decisions for their health and academics is unreasonable. They need to be guided and led by example by their peers. Different routes can be taken to achieve the extended lunch period of having at least 20 minutes of seat time. The parents and school faculty should conduct meetings to figure out what would best fit their school to obtain the goal of extending the lunch period. Food is the body’s fuel, without it or lack of healthy foods will impair the body to reach its full potential. What about the children who are going hungry at home and rely on school meals for nourishment? The federal government put in place The National School Lunch Program, to regulate schools to provide nutritious meals and the free and price reduced lunch program. Why have a program so children don’t go hungry and receive nutritious meals if they don’t have time to eat them and so much of the food is wasted every day? For these reasons, Illinois needs to regulate the length of the school lunches to allow them more time to eat them.
Topic: family

The main purpose of the article is about School Violence. According to The World Health Organization (WHO) violence is “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation”. From this definition, School violence can be defined as an activity that can create a disturbance in an educational system. In other words, any action or activity that can cause psychological harm towards an individual, school and also involve the community.
Topic: family

Our new innovation/technology will be addressing the sexual and reproductive health of teens and younger adults. In the year 2017, women aged 15 to 19 years gave birth to 194,377 babies. Compared to year 2016, birth rates for women in 15 to17 years age group declined by10 percent and for those in 18 to 19 years age group, birth rates declined by 6 percent. Evidence suggests that the declines are due to more teens abstaining from sexual activity, and using more birth control lately. The teen pregnancy rate in the United States is still substantially higher than the other western countries.
Topic: family

Statistics show that the children of teenage mothers are more likely to have more health problems, lower school achievement and dropout of high school. They also have higher unemployment rates and give birth as a teenager like their mothers. They are also incarcerated at some point in time during adolescence as shown in statistics (CDC.gov, 2019)Compared to teenage boys who do not have children, teen fathers have a 25 to 30percent lower chances of graduating from high school (Youth.gov, n.d.). Babies born to girls under 15 years of age are at higher risk of having a low birth weight, anemia or born prematurely.
Topic: family

Some studies claim that there is a possible risk of a cephalopelvic disproportion meaning the baby’s head can be wider than the mother’s pelvic opening. This very young pregnant mother is also at a risk of developing pregnancy induced hypertension called preeclampsia (Americanpregnancy.com, 2019). Teen pregnancy and childbearing is associated with detrimental consequences for the adolescent parents, their children, and the society. When compared to children born to older parents, children born to adolescents face particular challenges. They are more likely to have poorer physical and mental health, educational outcomes that affect them for the rest of their lives. Statistics show that the teen childbearing costs the United States taxpayers $9.4 to $28 billion annually through public assistance payments, loss of tax revenue, and increased expenditures for public health care, foster care, and criminal justice services (HHS.gov, n.d.).
Topic: family

The Affordable Care Act of 2010 aims to improve access to healthcare services for everyone, including adolescents. The law expands health insurance coverage for teens, offers improved support for preventive services, builds better and innovative healthcare models, and ensures better clinical training for the healthcare staff. All the above efforts cumulatively have implications for teen and youth pregnancy in the United States(HHS.gov, n.d.). Statistics given above on the sexual and reproductive health of teens and young adults in the United States and its adverse impact on these individuals, their families and the society as a whole clearly show that there is a serious problem, and there is a need of an innovation to find a solution to this problem and guide these individuals towards the right direction.
Topic: family

The stigma around corporal punishment is simply untrue and misunderstood. Do you really want your child growing up not knowing the true meaning of discipline or what is right and what is wrong? The most important issue that corporal punishment has is the ability to solve would be extremely bad behaviour and children who take their deserved rights to the next level do so just to benefit them. The main aim with the reintroduction of this punishment is to provide our children with a better future and it most definitely will do that.
Topic: family

The main vital arguments for reintroducing corporal punishment is that it is believed that it will decrease bad behaviour in the classroom. In a survey carried out by the telegraph, it shows that 20.3% of teachers feel that it should be reintroduced as bad behaviour has increased and it can be argued that the core of this problem is due to the abolishment of corporal punishment. If a child is misbehaving and interrupting the entire classes learning, would the most effective punishment really be a quick telling off, for them to just go back to their smug friends and plan their next interruption? No.
Topic: family

It is evident that rights culture needs to be restrained which reintroducing corporal punishment will ensure. Nowadays, any student will blatantly recite their rights whenever they feel it necessary in order to claim power over their teacher. Thus making the teachers within the school feel powerless to a child. If children were physically disciplined it would allow teachers to do their job at the best of their ability as they will not have the worry that the class will be disrupted by children who want the attention of their fellow classmates. One advantage of this punishment being brought back would be Backchat. As if the child isn’t content with the disruption already caused but often has to cause even more of a commotion by not accepting their wrongdoings. This would hopefully come to a halt. Teachers would finally be in charge of their classes again, knowing that when they start teaching it will continue with no interruptions until the final bell.
Topic: family

For corporal punishment to be reintroduced, it is obvious that schools have to take into consideration the parents views and opinions. In the majority of schools in which corporal punishment is permitted more than half of the parents whose children attended school want corporal punishment back in the classroom as they feel that it will benefit their children’s learning. However, by parents agreeing with this punishment they may not realise it is their children that will suffer it as they think it is the other children in the class not their own. As a parent you want your child to receive the best quality of learning possible in order to ensure a successful future and without receiving the correct form of discipline this may not be possible for a small selection of problematic children. Around one-fourth of the 1000 parents who were asked in a survey felt that one of the largest problems in classrooms were badly behaved children. Parents main concerns are the learning of their own children, therefore why should they have the opportunity of learning taken away from them due to children who decide to not pay attention in class. Bringing back corporal punishment would be the only way to allow children to perform at their best and achieved their aims in general life.
Topic: family

Teachers, being the people carrying out the punishing are entitled to have their opinions heard in order to make corporal punishment as effective as possible. Graeme Paten, Education editor stated that ‘More than 20 years after corporal punishment was banned in state schools, many teachers said it was only acceptable to hit children “in extreme cases”’. This proves that corporal punishment will not be taken lightly and used whenever the teacher feels like it, but will be used only inappropriate situations. One of the main fears that people have about this punishment being reintroduced is the teacher abusing their powers and taking their rage out on their children at any given opportunity but in fact, there are little to no cases in which this has occurred so it should not be a constant worry on both parents and society’s minds. Rosen (1997) describes this form of discipline as ‘either a branch of knowledge training that develops self-control, character, efficiency and strict control to enforce obedience’ Illustrating that by using corporal punishment it will benefit the child as they will be obtaining different skills that they will have to endure in order to have a bright successful future which every parent wants their child to have.
Topic: family

Although there seem to be many arguments to reintroduce corporal punishment in schools, there are arguments against it. This perhaps highlights the negative impacts that corporal punishment had. The days where corporal punishment was legal the equipment used to endure pain was varied, there were implements such as a cane, leather strap, wooden yardstick or a wooden paddle. The wooden paddle being the strongest argument for not bringing back this punishment. It was originally invented to bring pain amongst black slaves around the 1860s. It was used to ensure that they still suffered but did not cause any permanent tissue damage which would decrease their market share. This further adds to the debate as it highlights the question of should we are allowing teachers, who are close to strangers bring pain to our children? Should we allow them to treat our children with the same respect that slaves were given years ago? Obviously not, but in order to allow this punishment back into our lives, we have to place our trust in the teacher who will be physically carrying out the punishments. But who is to say that they will not abuse this newfound power? This is a common question amongst many and rightly so, mostly due to the past of corporal punishment but in order to make this an effective deterrence for the students in order for them to focus on their education, a softer piece of equipment could be used which would not cause a large amount of physical pain as the aim of this punishment is not to brutally hit our societies children.
Topic: family

By reintroducing corporal punishment in schools the evidence shown proves that it will both benefit the students and the learning environment in which the students are involved in. It is evident that good behaviour will increase within and out with school hours; also that teachers will no longer feel as though they are being controlled and manipulated by the children they are teaching. Parents also feel that it would improve their children’s learning experience as there would be a large decrease in distractions in the classrooms as a vast majority of the class will be disciplined in the correct manner. A form of corporal punishment should be reintroduced in schools as it will benefit greatly.
Topic: family

Being a parent is usually considered as a job, an irreplaceable and genuine job; however, it sometimes requires a great deal of dedication and effort in order to properly raise children and to fulfill their needs. Parenthood, as stated by Umberson, Pudrovska, and Reczek (2010), is a transformative and influential process; therefore, being a parent is not just a mere task that one can accomplish overnight. It is a challenging experience that sometimes can cause enervation and stress. In line with this, according to an article written by Glover (2018), being a parent, especially in the present time is becoming harder than ever for the reason that there are several new challenges that parents may face or are currently facing.
Topic: family

Wong (2018) enumerated 12 skills that good parents possess, most of which focus on the child’s positive behavior, teaching them to view challenges positively, helping them develop social skills, opting for guidance over control, providing a sense of security, developing the child’s resilience and perseverance, and management of one’s own stress. Parents do not live only for themselves. Depending on the number of children, they are also held accountable for the lives of their children as well. In a web article by Garvin and Margolis (2015), they discussed the role of an adviser stating that “while you provide oversight and guidance, your ultimate goal is to empower the seeker to act independently.
Topic: family

In a child’s life, a lack of parental control is linked to unconventional family arrangements due to separation, migration, and remarriage. (Siagian, Arifiani, Amanda, & Kusumaningrum, 2019). Often for two people, the task of parenting becomes tedious when a duo becomes only one. Miguel (2018) defined a solo parent as any individual who shoulders the sole responsibility of caring for a child or children. As stated by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), there are more than 17 million solo parents in the country (Pelayo, 2018). More specifically, from the same government office, the PSA (2015) recorded 12,660 single parents within the province of Cavite that live with their children in the household.
Topic: family

To enumerate the qualifications of these said individuals, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (n.d.) defines them based on RA 8972 as, (1) a woman who, as a result of rape, gives birth provided that she raises the child; (2) parent left with the responsibility of childcare due to death, detention, physical or mental incapacity of a spouse, legal separation from said spouse, annulment or nullification of marriage; (3) an unmarried state between partners; (4) any sole provider of parental care and; (5) any succeeding family head ascribed to the abandonment, death, or prolonged absence of the parents. Entrusted with a wide range of responsibilities, these individuals face a great amount of adversity and distress.
Topic: family

It was stated that single parents have lower levels of happiness and life fulfillment than those who have a partner (Aassve et al., 2012; Nelson et al., 2013;). The adversities of single parenthood are identified as financial instability, little or no time for themselves, struggle in raising a child or being the only “disciplinarian”, and difficulty in welcoming new relationships (Better Health Channel, 2018). Along with personal and familial problems, work-related stress proves to be a hindrance as well.  There are at least two notable reasons that employment is considerably more insufficient for single parents than for other workers: gendered inequality and increasingly precarious employment conditions. The former refers to the subsequent gender wage gap that includes occupational partition, differences in working conditions, penalties for mothers, and fatherhood discrimination, putting mothers at a disadvantage (Duncan & Edwards, 1997; Goldin, 2014; Gornick, 2004; Halldén et al., 2016; Härkönen et al., 2016b; Maldonado 2018). A few research studies have even demonstrated that the generally revealed the negative impact of parenthood on prosperity is actually limited to single parents (Angeles, 2010).