ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: global-warming

“The realities of climate change mean that every sector must get to grips with its impact on the environment. Aviation in particular has been in the spotlight in recent months. This is why leadership on climate change issues, and the sustainability agenda more broadly, is absolutely essential to underpin an airline’s continued capacity for success. Virgin Atlantic understands this and is committed to developing a more sustainable business and finding practical solutions to reduce the industry’s impact on the environment. By working together we can help the airline understand what sustainability could look like for Virgin Atlantic and what operation within environmental limits looks like.” Jonathon Porritt, co-founder of Forum for the Future (2006)
Topic: global-warming

As part of Virgin Atlantics sustainable approach to business they are implementing a test trial of a new innovative scheme of ‘starting grids’ for all of their aircraft departures. It works on the principle of the aircraft being towed by a small tug to a holding area near to the runway before take off. Only when the aircraft arrives at this grid and awaiting take off will it start its engine, this will greatly reduce the amount of time that the engine is actually running. (Green Travel 2006)
Topic: global-warming

These ‘starting grids’ will be tested at London Gatwick and London Heathrow before being put into practice in other airports at home and abroad. Jill Brady of Virgin Atlantic commented, “Once we have examined the results of the test trials, we will be able to look at creating centres of excellence at the busiest airports around the world, airports which share Virgin Atlantic’s goal of reducing fuel burn and CO2 emissions both on the ground and in the air.” It is hoped that this new system will make airports far more efficient and reduce the carbon emissions before take off by up to 90%. As the aircraft would then be able to carry less fuel for the duration of the flight, the aircraft will be lighter and more carbon friendly. (The Economist 2006)
Topic: global-warming

Virgin Atlantic has been working alongside NASA to develop a new method of landing their aircraft quickly and efficiently. The term it has been given is ‘Continuous Descent Approach’. At present the current landing procedure involves a series of level offs which disrupt an aircrafts descent and burns unnecessary fuel. This new approach involves an aircraft beginning its descent far earlier in its flight plan and at a more efficient speed to reduce the amount of fuel it uses when coming into land. “The goal of the Continuous Descent Approach is to allow aircraft to descend in a manner that is fuel efficient and environmentally friendly,” says Rich Coppenbarger, lead investigator for the Oceanic Tailored Arrivals Initiative at NASA. This change to an aircrafts landing procedure would save about 200 kilograms of fuel on each landing alone, according to research conducted by NASA (2005).
Topic: global-warming

The only problem with the continuous descent of aircraft is the crowded airspace that surrounds airports, especially the more hectic airports such as Gatwick and Heathrow. To have all incoming aircraft on a continuous descent program would be nearly impossible due to the sheer volume of planes coming in and out at any one point. For this to happen successfully it would need Europe to change to a single air traffic control organisation, in contrast to the current 35 that govern Europe’s skies. This would not only allow for the ‘Continuous Descent Approach’ to be implemented but also optimise all air crafts flight plans and consequently decrease the environmental impact of aviation. (World Bank Research Observer 2000)
Topic: global-warming

As part of their sustainable aviation strategy, Virgin Atlantic will be introducing a scheme where their passengers can take more responsibility for their carbon emissions and offer them the choice of offsetting their flights. On an individual level it would work on the principal of making a donation to a sustainable development scheme, for example a forestry project, to offset the carbon emissions the journey has created. Due to the recent raised awareness of environmental problems caused by aviation, there has been an increase in the amount of travellers wishing to offset their flight (CarbonNeutral 2007). However it has still only generated a small amount of carbon neutral flights when compared to the ever growing demand for air travel.
Topic: global-warming

It is still unclear as to how many people will actually take advantage of this scheme and pay more money to offset their flights. According to Sir Richard Branson (2006), “We can’t afford to charge more for tickets. Any environmental surcharge would have to be done on a voluntary basis because cost is still travellers’ number one concern, not the environment.” This is due to the vast amount of budget airlines that have appeared over the past decade which can offer travellers flights from as little as a penny. If Virgin Atlantic were to make it mandatory to offset each flight then they would lose a vast amount of their business to their less eco-friendly, but cheaper, competitors.
Topic: global-warming

Virgin Atlantic has come in for criticism from certain environmentalists in regards to their scheme to plant trees to offset their carbon emissions. The green community is still in disagreement over whether the planting of trees is the best way to compensate for the vast levels of carbon dioxide industries such as aviation produce. It would take years for the tree saplings to grow to compensate for the emissions caused by just a few hours of flight. The point has also been raised that once trees die they also release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, but yet the planting of trees can be seen as raising awareness of environmental issues that can then be tackled with more advanced technologies. (The Guardian 2006)
Topic: global-warming

According to a calculation done by The Guardian (2006), “…each kilometre travelled by an airline passenger on a long-haul flight accounts for 0.11kg of carbon dioxide. Offsetting Virgin Atlantic’s entire annual flight operation would involve planting 59m trees – which, according to the Forestry Commission, would cover 64,700 hectares – the size of a large Highland estate, or an area slightly smaller than the New Forest.” The undertaking of such an operation is unrealistic, not only due to its vast scale, but as it would largely be funded from passengers making voluntary contributions.
Topic: global-warming

Virgin Atlantic is also trying to implement minor changes to the actual aircraft to help reduce carbon emissions. The overall weight of an aircraft contributes to how much fuel it needs to travel to its planned destination. The proposed changes include certain fittings inside the aircraft, such as bins and oxygen bottles, will now be made from carbon-fibre rather than metal. The aircraft itself will now also be painted with a lighter paint and any waste accumulated before take off will now be emptied from the plane. Although these changes will only make a small amount of difference to the overall weight of a 350 tonne Boeing 747, the amount of fuel saved from the hundreds of flights each aircraft makes a year will prove to be significant. (www.virgin-atlantic.com) “What we’re suggesting would save over 150 million tonnes of carbon emissions a year.” Sir Richard Branson (2006)
Topic: global-warming

Global warming is a growing concern for companies and environmentalists alike. The effect on the environment might be subtle at present but many years in the future could prove a serious problem for the earth’s population. The effects of global warming that were outlined may only be predictions but action needs to be taken to make sure that they don’t become reality. The Kyoto protocol was a step in the right direction into solving the problem of global warming but carbon producing industries need to take it on themselves to improve their sustainable business model.
Topic: global-warming

The IPCC has pointed out that the biggest problem for the aviation industry is that there is no direct fix for the carbon produced during air travel. This is in contrast to automobiles and electricity production where technologies exist to reduce their carbon emissions. The aviation industry would need a complete revolution if it was to make serious strides into reducing its effect on global warming. Without this revolution it would be fair to say that in 10 years time the same models of aircraft will still be in the skies flying on the same carbon emitting fuels.
Topic: global-warming

Over the past 40 years, the industry as a whole has more than doubled its efficiency due to advances in technology. The improvements proposed by Virgin Atlantic to its business strategy will continue to help in the reduction of carbon emissions. The problem they face does not only apply to one company but to the industry as a whole. The entire aviation community suffers from a lack of technological advances to help improve their impact on the environment. Global warming is not something that airlines, or any other industry, can ignore anymore. The aviation industry needs to come to terms with the effect it has on the environment and create ways to make it more sustainable.
Topic: global-warming

The aviation industry isn’t afforded the luxury of hydrogen engines due to the fuel freezing at the low temperatures incurred at high altitudes. Hydrogen fuel cells would need to be strong heavy tanks which also rules out the possibility of being used on an aircraft. Solar power is also an unrealistic alternative as it simply doesn’t create enough energy to power the colossal engines of a commercial plane. Boeing attempted to develop a radical new plane design which incorporated a blended wing-body, providing a more aerodynamic and fuel efficient aircraft. This proved to be unsuccessful as it received a negative reaction from passengers as it involved the seating arrangement to be like a small amphitheatre. Until a new technology is created, the industry is limited in what it can actually do to make it a more sustainable operation.
Topic: global-warming

The aviation industry would argue that there is no current method of preventing carbon emissions from aircraft but it would encourage them to follow the example of Virgin Atlantic in reducing emissions from other sources. The funds generated from these taxes would provide governments with the necessary resources to invest in other ways of tackling the negative affects of global warming. Governments should provide more resources into the research of improved energy efficiency and find new alternatives to fossil fuel. Investigations into developing a cheap, low-emitting source of energy for aviation are vital in making the industry sustainable.
Topic: global-warming

Global warming is one of the most serious hazard that we our facing today. The alarming signs were seen, even here in our country. Drought happens during rainy season while typhoons come upon summer months. The abnormal rainfall causes the rise of sea water level and more areas experience flooding. These are only some of the signs of growing global phenomenon. This environmental crisis brings risk to a million lives. Signos is one of a documentary that will awaken our minds on what is happening in our world.
Topic: global-warming

It aims to bring the realization closer to home through a nationwide investigation of the manifestations of climate change. The documentary brings together some scientists from local and international institutions like; Dr. Leoncio Amadore, Rafael Serga, Dr. Rosa Perez etc. and other climate change experts. Signos delivers Filipino viewers an extensive look on climate change; its causes, effects and how to prevent its disastrous outcomes. How this documentary did configure my knowledge about global warming? This documentary makes me realize that we should take global warming seriously.
Topic: global-warming

It will greatly affect our lives. Global warming or climate change is caused by using carbon Dioxide and greenhouse gases. As time passes by, it starts to thicken in the atmosphere and it blocks the sun rays from getting out. Each of us has faults on what is happening in our so-called home today. Modern technology is one of the cause of this global phenomenon. When we use electricity; we always left it plugged even if we are not using it, even this simple act is using energy that is why we should always unplug electronics every time we are finish using them.
Topic: global-warming

Global Warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation. Many people do not see this as a problem. However, it is currently a huge issue that is often talked about among scientists and many other people. Global Warming is caused by many different things. Greenhouse gases, deforestation, and solar activity are three different proven facts that cause global warming. Global warming is not something that is going to disappear; it is only going to get worse if people do not start doing something about it.
Topic: global-warming

Every hour, at least 4,500 acres of forest fall to chain saws, machetes, flames, or bulldozers. In 2012 three million hectares of mature forests were cut down. This is a causing effect to global warming and continues to rise every year. Something called solar activity is also reasoning behind global warming. Solar activity is simply the amount of heat that comes off of the sun. Scientists can tell that solar activity contributes to global warming because there have been recent changes in temperatures at different levels in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Topic: global-warming

There are models showing how the greenhouse effect is warming the lower part of the atmosphere (known as the troposphere) but cooling the upper atmosphere (known as the stratosphere). However, if the sun was responsible for the observed warming, warming of both the troposphere and stratosphere would be expected. Global warming also has countless numbers of effects in the environment. It has been proven that the increase in Earth’s average temperatures have already been causing tons of ice to melt worldwide, also causing sea levels to increase over time. It is also causing precipitation to increase worldwide on average.
Topic: global-warming

Global warming is an extremely severe problem facing the world today. Its effects and causes have been on the rise and people need to do something about it before the problem gets any worse. There are several ways to reduce the effects of global warming. The first way is you can choose vegetarian meals. Choosing vegetarian foods can be drastically reduces agricultural water consumption and land use, and favorably impacts biodiversity. Vegetarian diets also have been shown to promote good health and in most developed countries, eliminating meat from one’s diet is as easy as making responsible choices at stores and restaurants.
Topic: global-warming

If one eats meat it should always be from a local source. It is better, if you eat what you have planted. You can lessen your negative global warming impacts by eating food that is grown in your area, instead of choosing foods that have been shipped halfway around the world. It is because, food transportation is a major cause of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. So, using foods which require less transportation helps the environment and at the same time reduce global warming problem.
Topic: global-warming

The second way is you can change your lamp with compact fluorescent bulb. According to a research in America, replace three frequently used light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs can save 300 lbs. of carbon dioxide and US$60 per year. A standard compact fluorescent bulb will save around one third of a tonne of greenhouse gas, along with the cost of six or more incandescent globes. You can use compact fluorescent bulb even more in your houses or offices and if you want, you can give them as ifts to family and friends. It is better if you can donate a set to a local charity to refit their office with compact fluorescent lights. In other hand, you must remember that compact fluorescent light bulbs do contain small amounts of toxic mercury. Therefore, proper disposal (recycling) is necessary to prevent any additional landfill contamination. In addition, you can also start looking into light emitting diode bulbs (LED light bulbs) which have started to crop up recently because they are even more efficient.
Topic: global-warming

So, the choosing to make the decision to reduce the global warming effects is in your hand. Last but not least, you can also use public transportation. Taking the bus, the train, the subway or other forms of public transportation lessens the load on the roads and reduces one’s individual greenhouse gas emissions by an average of 1600 pounds per year. Taking public transport also removes the stress of long road commutes and gives you a great opportunity to read, think, and relax.
Topic: global-warming

You also save on parking money and time wasted looking for parking spaces you can also have car-pooling with your officemates or neighbours. If you can’t live without a car, then use it in a way that minimizes global impact. You can also make a good choice by buying a hybrid car. ‘ The average driver could save 16,000 lbs. of carbon dioxide and a lot total of money by driving a hybrid. Moreover, plug-in hybrids can save even more and one day may be able to give cash back. You can also pretend to buy a fuel efficient car.
Topic: global-warming

It can save up to 20,000 lbs. of carbon dioxide per year using a more fuel efficient car. Buying fuel efficient cars not only reduce the amount of carbon dioxide release but also encourage companies to continue making and improving them owing to increased demand. So, let’s take this simple way to reduce global warming effects. In conclusion, the several ways to reduce the effects of global warming are choose vegetarian meals, change your lamp with compact fluorescent bulb, and use public transportation or hybrid and fuel efficient car.
Topic: global-warming

I think, all people in the world can take these simple ways in their daily lives. Although it is very difficult to reverse once the process is started, global warming has to be stopped if we want to live like we are now. If it is not controlled, problems such as the drastic rise of sea levels, increasing of temperature rapidly, melting of glacier and along with others, will definitely disrupt our living patterns. So, let us not put our finger to others, but we must start from ourselves and take the ways to reduce the effects of global warming.
Topic: global-warming

A. The effect of global warming driving animals into extinction B. A rise in the amount of extreme weather disasters C. The change it will cause to the earth in the future II. Connect with the Audience: Do you think Global Warming poses a threat to you? According to National Geographic Average temperatures have climbed 1. 4 degrees Fahrenheit around the world since 1880 and by 2050, rising temperatures could send more than a million of Earth’s land-dwelling plants and animals down the road to extinction. III.
Topic: global-warming

Credibility Statement: Studies of Global Warming have gained my interest within the past few years due to the extreme heat and natural disasters around the world. IV. Preview: Today I will be talking about the affect of Global Warming driving our animals in to extinction, a rise in the amount of extreme weather disasters around the world, and the change it will cause to the earth and our family’s future. Transition: Let’s begin with my first point – Body I. Main point: How the effects of Global Warming will drive our animals nto extinction, increase the amount of extreme weather disasters, and the change it will cause to our future.
Topic: global-warming

A. “Global Warming Fast Facts” (National Geographic News, June 2007) 1. Average temperatures have climbed 1. 4 degrees Fahrenheit around the world since 1880. 2. Arctic ice is rapidly disappearing, and the region may have its first completely ice-free summer by 2040 or earlier. 3. Wildfires, heat waves, and strong tropical storms, are also attributed in part to climate change. 4. In July of 2006 heat waves contributed to the deaths of at least 225 people in North America. 5.
Topic: global-warming

Warmer temperatures could increase the probability of drought 6. Warmer temperatures increase the energy of the climatic system and can lead to heavier rainfall in some areas. Signpost and transition: Now that you know what effects Global Warming is having on our weather I will be telling you about how it will affect our animals. II. Main Point: The reason for animal extinction is because our animals can’t adapt to rising climate changes. A. These are some of the facts (nrdc. org, 2008) 1. The predicted range of climate change by 2050 will place 15 to 35 percent of the 1,103 species studied at risk of extinction. . Increasing global temperatures are expected to disrupt ecosystems, pushing to extinction those species that cannot adapt. 3. Some polar bears are drowning because they have to swim longer distances to reach ice floes. B. Global Warming will drive our animals into extinction Signpost and transition: The final aspect of Global Warming that I will be talking about is the effect it will have on our future. III. Main Point: Our future is in for a drastic change from what we call normal today. A. Rising sea levels could flood many South Seas islands and swamp large parts of Southeast Asia.
Topic: global-warming

B. Researchers predict the earth’s temperature may rise to an additional 5 or up to a drastic 12 degrees Fahrenheit. C. Warmer water in the oceans pumps more energy into tropical storms, making them stronger and potentially more destructive. D. Greater evaporation, particularly during summer and fall, could exacerbate drought conditions and increase the risk of wildfires. Transition: Let’s review what we learned today about Global Warming Conclusion: I. Summarize: The world is in store for a major change.
Topic: global-warming

Rising temperatures are having major effects in several different areas and aspects of the world. An increase in more powerful tropical storms, wildfires, and rising water levels will change the world that we live in today. A. We should familiarize ourselves with what the effects of our everyday lives are having on our future. B. Are you contributing to the destruction of our future? C. Life as you know it will never be the same II. Close with impact: No matter how much you try to ignore Global Warming the earth as we know it is in a lot of trouble.
Topic: global-warming

Many texts borrow ideas and repeat issues that are already present in other texts. This is referred to as intertextuality. Intertextuality is used in order to entertain or persuade the audience as anything that succeeds in doing so will be re-used or copied. Between the DVD covers of the documentary An Inconvenient Truth and the documentary The Great Global Warming Swindle, such intertextual links can be discovered. Both texts raise the same issue of global warming, reflect common values, and reproduce attitudes in viewers.
Topic: global-warming

Another common value that our society holds would be the value of the environment, the planet. On one of the DVD covers of An Inconvenient Truth is a quote “What if…you were destroying your planet for future generations…” Evidently, this DVD cover is attempting to appeal to the audience’s values and attitudes towards our planet, using direct address such as “what would you do?” etc. A large image of Earth being the center of attention is really emphasizing on the importance of our planet and this image can be seen repeated in the documentary The Great Global Warming Swindle. “A Global Warning” dramatizes the global warming issue even more because it is warning us about the danger of global warming.
Topic: global-warming

The value of humanity is another social value that is reflected in both of these texts. On the DVD cover of An Inconvenient Truth, the blurb starts off with “Humanity is sitting on a time bomb.” which is saying that humanity is in great danger and it is really important that people are informed about it. It challenges the assumption that global warming is not an important matter and does not affect humanity. This indicates that our society is actually concerned about humanity. In The Great Global Warming Swindle, they are also concerned about humanity, up to the point where scientists and environmentalists are accused of being anti-human by preventing the development of some countries. These are words coming from the co-founder of Greenpeace, Patrick Moore, saying “The environmental movement has become the strongest force there is for preventing development of the developing countries. I think it’s legitimate for me to call them anti-human.” Humanity and the environment are some of the common values that link both texts intertextually.
Topic: global-warming

The attitudes that the documentaries reproduce in individual viewers can be quite varied. In The Great Global Warming Swindle, some groups of people may have been convinced that the man-made global warming issue is a swindle, and will continue seeing it as that way. They may also change their attitude towards scientists and environmentalists, losing trust and respect for them, considering the fact that the documentary was very biased against them, challenging the assumption that everything that scientists say are factual. On the other hand, An Inconvenient Truth may have an opposite effect on the audience. It can be a wake up call to those who are unaware about global warming, or motivate the people into saving the environment. Either way each text will have an impact on the audience, reproducing certain attitudes towards something.
Topic: global-warming

In order to construct meanings, the use of codes and conventions is very important in both the DVD covers and the documentary. Firstly, on the DVD covers, there are images of the Earth, hurricanes and dark skies and they all relate to global warming. These disaster-representing images can also be found repeated in the documentary The Great Global Warming Swindle to create emphasis. This is another intertextual link that can be made between the two texts. Also, like many other texts, emotive language is used throughout both the DVD covers and the documentary to create an emotional response. For example, words such as “time bomb”, “major catastrophe”, “epic destruction” and “disturbing corruption” can exaggerate matter and convince audience into believing that something is more serious that it actually is.
Topic: global-warming

Expert opinions and statistics also play a great part in convincing the audience. The documentary contains many scientists’ and environmentalists’ opinion, to reassure the audience because we assume that everything experts say have got to be facts. Statistics such as graphs, which can be found on the DVD covers as well as in the documentary, provide evidence. This is reassuring to the audience because we assume that the statistics have not been manipulated. Both texts employ the same codes and convention, which is another form of intertextual link, in order to convince and reassure the audience.
Topic: global-warming

A viewer’s context is a major influence in shaping his understanding of texts. A person without the basic knowledge of global warming would have found both the DVD covers and the documentary meaningless as he would not be able to make any connection or be able to relate to it. He would not be able to make up his mind whether to accept or reject the messages, as the contextual understanding is not present to help determine his response. Another example is the image of a factory producing a cyclone. Audience need to be able to recognize that it is a cyclone to be able to make the connection that the images is representing that the effect of pollution is as disastrous as a cyclone, that global warming is a disaster.
Topic: global-warming

In the end, all texts come down to one purpose, which is to promote messages. The DVD covers of The Inconvenient Truth promote the message that global warming is real, potentially catastrophic, and human-caused, which is a total opposite of the documentary The Great Global Warming Swindle’s message of global warming being real but not human-caused and barely harmful. This is achieved by appealing to the audience’s values and attempting to change their attitudes with the aid of codes and conventions. Intertextual links are also present and they rely greatly on the audience’s contextual understanding in order to create a certain response.
Topic: global-warming

Global warming is a rise in global temperatures when greenhouse gases and other air pollutants are released in the atmosphere where they gather and absorb sunlight and solar radiation which should be released into space. This trapped heat causes the plant to get hotter which is known as the greenhouse effect. Global warming can cause many health, social and economical problems for countries which can hold the countries back from improving themselves and developing further. These effects can come in many forms especially affecting developing countries.
Topic: global-warming

Firstly, global warming could bring infectious diseases especially in tropical regions. In places like Africa, an increase in temperature also leads to an increase in mosquito populations, also increasing the risk of malaria and other infections brought by insects. Other regions are also affected. For example, the United Kingdom was had an outbreak of the legionnaires’ diseases which is a bacterial lung infection that is linked to global warming to global warming, and the United States were suffering from malaria outbreaks; in 2006.
Topic: global-warming

Countries like Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and Turkey might already be in the danger zone for malaria. However, there is a difference with how different countries will deal with this problem because the ability to tolerate temperature changes differs from region to region. Richer societies can utilize technological advances; for example, the use of more powerful air conditioners and the construction of houses minimize heat retention. On the other hand, developing countries lack not only the technological knowledge, but also the resources and public health systems, required to prevent such outbreaks.
Topic: global-warming

This was already seen during the 2003 heatwave in Europe, which claimed approximately 35, 000 lives. In a study by Hadley Center for Climate Prediction and Research in the United Kingdom, scientists using computer models showed how greenhouse gas emissions have increased the likelihood of heatwaves. The most common health effect is hyperthermia or heatstroke that can be fatal if left untreated. IPCC predicts that global warming will lead to hot days, followed by nights of high temperatures.
Topic: global-warming

Carbon dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Methane etc are green house gases. The concentration of these gases has increased in atmosphere in last few decades. These gases soak all the heat of air and thus increases the atmosphere temperature. This phenomena of increase in atmosphere temperature is called green house effect. This greenhouse effect is present in nature and it keeps the environmrnt warm and makes it suitable for living things.Gases like chloroflouro carbon and carbon dioxide present in air traps sun energy.
Topic: global-warming

These gases saturate flouro carbons present in airand increases atmosphere temperature. Thes flouro carbons are emmited by feon gas used in refrigerator and air conditioned, other gas is ammonia chloride used in cold storage. These green house gases increases earth temperature and level of ocean become high due to melting of ice and glaciers as a result aquatic life also disturbs. Another effect of greenhouse gases is that it makes a hole in ozone layer.Ozone is a protective layer of oxygen which prevents harmful ultraviolet rays from reaching the earth surface.
Topic: global-warming

Solar energy is the change of energy from sunlight to electricity. There are more than 69 gigawatts (GW) of solar installed in the U.S., enough to power more than 13.1 million homes. Over the last decade, the solar market in the United States has grown at an average rate of 50% each year. There are more than 2 million individual solar installations in the U.S., ranging from small home rooftop systems to large utility-scale systems that add hundreds of megawatts of clean electricity to the power grid.
Topic: global-warming

Wind energy pushes the blades which are connected to a shaft that is connected to a generator. Pierce, E, and Wood, D(2014) state, to ensure the future of wind power, the efficiency of the wind turbines must be increased. While reducing cost. from 22 percent for wind turbines installed before 1998 to more than 32 percent for turbines installed between 2006 and 2012. The cost of wind energy has been reduced by about 55 cents per kilowatt-hour in 1980 to less than 6 centskwh today in areas with good wind resources.
Topic: global-warming

Sadly, some believe that global warming is not that big of a deal. The reality is that global warming is causing major climate throughout the world and its rate of progression is not going to slow if something is not done . Global warming affects our climate, our environment, other habitats around the world, and it even has negative effects on our agriculture. In fact eleven percent of the world’s population is currently vulnerable to climate change impacts such as droughts, floods, heat waves, extreme weather events and sea-level rise.
Topic: global-warming

Moreover, something needs to be done to slow global warming done to keep our planet from being destroyed. Our climate is changing more and more due to global warming. The average temperature has increased by about 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit (0.8 degrees Celsius) over the past 100 years, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1.4 degrees may not seem like much, but it really does have horrible effects on our environment.
Topic: global-warming

In addition when the atmosphere begins to be filled with too many greenhouse gases the temperature becomes too hot, plants begin to die. Global warming causes the increase in pests and insect population, harming crops like, Soybean, wheat, corn. Although warmer temperatures create longer growing seasons and faster growth rates of plans it also increases the metabolic rate and number of breeding cycles of insect populations. Global warming also causes changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground level ozone concentration. Added heat stress, shifting monsoons, and dryer soils May reduce yields by as much as a third in the tropics and subtropics, where crops are already near their maximum heat tolerance (UNEP).
Topic: global-warming

Global warming has the potential to cause extinctions in the majority of the World’s vulnerable ecosystems. One of those equals ecosystems is the Arctic; home of the polar bears. Due to global warming the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the world, meaning there is less ice on which the Bears can roam. At a rate of about 9% per decade the ice caps have decreased in thickness by more than 40% since the 1960s. Avi cat become smaller and smaller do polar bears are forced to migrate closer to human settlements. By the year 2040 the ice caps are estimated to be free of ice if this rate of temperature rise continues.Global warming is not only affecting habitats on land but also habitats off land. 169 Marine areas have been identified as dead zones as of 2008 — up from 44 in 1995 (WRI). One of the largest was estimated to be the size of Massachusetts.
Topic: global-warming

In just a few decades, global warming has affected the earth in so many ways. Despite of all the negative effects of global warming and all of the horrible effects that it has on our climate, some people just don’t seem to care. We still continue to pollute our oceans, burn fossil fuels cut down trees and create harmful waste products. The truth is that global warming is a serious topic and at this rate it may lead to the demise of many plant and animal species on our Earth.
Topic: global-warming

According to an ongoing temperature analysis conducted by scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), the average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8В° Celsius (1.4В° Fahrenheit) since 1880. Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20В°C per decade. According to the data above from the earth’s temperature is rapidly increasing through time. The more we continue to do things that affects the depletion of the ozone layer, it is never impossible that the earth will soon be a place of solid dry land.
Topic: global-warming

Global warming is a crisis because as you can see in the picture above, which is from the first source that has been cited, it creates a lot of dangerous effects to the Earth and to us. Our planet is experiencing heavy problems, which leads to harming us also. People are suffering, nature is dying and everything is collapsing, so we need to move to prevent it immediately. If not, everything will be a catastrophe. In the second source that has been cited, you can see there other bad effects of global warming which tell that it is really a crisis.
Topic: global-warming

Global Warming Solutions: Reduce Emissions. We have the technology and practical solutions at hand. Yes, we can do something about it. If you go to the website that we inserted, you can see there on how we can prevent global warming. We may not be able to stop it completely, but we can slow it down. Gas emission is one of the major causes of global warming, so focusing on reducing it can actually help us to lessen the effects of global warming and that is what our source is all about.
Topic: global-warming

It is true that increasing the number of trees is a big help for us people to prevent global warming especially that trees absorb carbon dioxide which is a major component of global warming. Reducing it will be a big for all of us. So let’s start planting and stop global warming. You can also look at for more ways on how to prevent global warming. It contains simple and productive ways to help in preventing global warming. It is very helpful because even the simplest way you can heal our planet home.
Topic: global-warming

Global Warming in this era is a very alarming issue. It is a part or we can say the biggest influence on the blazing climate change issue that is persisting currently in our world. Global Warming is basically the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s climate system. A lot of films have been made on this subject. Two award winning documentaries made on this subject are An Inconvenient Truth’ and The Great Global Warming Swindle’. The interesting fact about these two films are the fact that these both documentaries take completely opposing stands with complete factual information provided, which has put the audiences on crossroads.
Topic: global-warming

It provides a brief explanation of the basic foundational theories on how climate change works. It then goes into the impact of these temperature changes on the weather and increases in major storms, like Hurricane Katrina. Other natural catastrophes worldwide are depicted with powerful, often graphic, photos in a slideshow with several live audiences. To avoid leaving audiences feeling hopelessly doomed, Gore rounds out the end of the movie with a call to action, with specific things people can do to slow the rate of carbon increases and climate change.
Topic: global-warming

The Great Global Warming Swindle’ is an award winning 2007 documentary film directed by Martin Durkin. This documentary argues against the conventional scientific understanding of the degree and cause of recent, observed climate change. The most overwhelming view about the climate change, especially global warming, that exists amongst the scientists is that twentieth century global warming is largely due to an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases resulting from increasing industrialization during the last 100-150 years. But Durkin provides an alternative view that recent global warming is neither significant nor due to human activity. The documentary does not attempt to argue the latter view through any critical deconstruction of climate science orthodoxies. Rather, it contends that modern climate scientists are at best seriously misguided in their collective opinion on the nature and causes of global warming, or are at worst guilty of lying to the rest of the community. Publicity for the documentary leans heavily towards the latter, stating that global warming is ‘the biggest scam of modern times’.
Topic: global-warming

In a competition of An Inconvenient Truth’ vs The Great Global Warming Swindle’, both the films provide a very strong opposition to each other. Each documentary took a definite stance on global warming, whether it is human-caused and on whether climate change presents an imminent danger to human kind. While both documentaries received accolades, both documentaries were also criticized for containing flawed data by those for and against anthropogenic global warming theories. “An Inconvenient Truth” claims that there is a scientific consensus that global warming is anthropogenic (originating in human activity). However, “The Great Global Warming Swindle” disproves that claim stating, “The most highly qualified and respected scientists can be blind to obvious deficiencies in a theory and will be dismissive of evidence when it undermines what they want to believe.”
Topic: global-warming

French mathematician, Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier noticed that temperature of Earth was slowly increasing. He termed it Greenhouse effect. In 1850, an instrument became available to record the surface temperature of Earth. 1880s, Scientists associated the relation between human activities and rise of CO2 level in the atmosphere (Chatterjee & Bhattacharya, 2016). The theory of global warming was developed by Swedish chemist Arrhenius around 1895. He calculated that a doubling of CO2 ppm would be conducive to a 5-degree increase in global average temperature, which is not too far off the worst case scenario for the 21st century.
Topic: global-warming

Agricultural activities, increased number of cattle and pig dairy farming and non- dairy cattle(ruminants releases methane through their digestive process), termite concentrated areas such as tropical grasslands and forests release a considerable amount of methane to the atmosphere (Crutzenet al., 1986), forest fire events contribute a large amount of methane efflux particularly during ENSO (El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation) Paddy cultivation and various other cultivation produces flooded wetlands which generate methane during anaerobic decomposition. Coal mining process leakage through the pipelines and drilling for oil are major anthropogenic sources (Hengeveld, 1991 as cited in Kemp, 2004). Anaerobic decaying of landfill organic wastes and piling of garbage and fertilizer are another source of methane, venting, flaring at oil and gas wells, enteric fermentation, biomass burning and burning of fossil fuels are few other anthropogenic sources.
Topic: global-warming

This list is far from complete or exhaustive. One could even mention worse outcomes, like the transformations of warm and cold currents in the oceans, Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Current for example. What one may underline is that so far, no known negative feedback has been found that could stem global warming naturally. We seem to have mainly only positive feedbacks, meaning outcomes reinforce each other in the same direction. The situation in the Amazons and Borneo is basically lost, and Siberian forests threatened.
Topic: global-warming

Another affect of global warming is the shrinking of ice sheets. Specifically, the Greenland and Atarctic ice sheets are decreasing in mass at an accelerated rate. Greenland which lost 150 to 250 cubic kilometers of ice per year between 2002 and 2006, and to Antarctica, which lost about 152 cubic kilometers of ice between 2002 and 2005 (NASA, 2016) This proves how global warming is a increasing problem in recent years. Not only does it show an uncertain future for animals that inhabit those ice sheets, but for humans as well since, higher ocean levels means certain masses of land will be engulfed by water.
Topic: global-warming

Glaciers are also being destroyredby global warming .The National Ice and Snow Data Center presents evidence that glaciers are retreating globally. Thos areas include the Alps, the Himalayas, the Andes, the Rockies, Alaska, and Africa. )National Snow and Ice Data Center, 2016( This proves that is something that is felt all over the world and isn’t just a strange, local phenomenom. It is a global catastrophe that needs to be addressed.
Topic: global-warming

T.C. Peterson in his analysis for the Special Supplementto the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, found that the most warming ever happening was in the past 35 years, including 15 of the 16 warmest years on record occuring from 2001. (T.C. Peterson et.al, 2016) Another proof that global warming is increasing with time, is that in year 2015 was the first time the global average temperature was one degree or more than the 1880-1899 average.
Topic: global-warming

Another dangerous result which happens as a result of the ocean absorbing higher levels of carbon dioxide is ocean acidification. The PMEL Carbon Group states that since the start of the Industial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters has grown by 30% (PMEL Carbon Group, 2016). Even more so, C.L. Sabine, in his article, “The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO2,” noted that the amount of carbon dioxide that is absorbed by the upper layer of the oceans is growing by near 2 billion tons per year (Sabine, 2004). This leaves many marine animals with the adverse affects. All this just proves that global warming is an ongoing phenomenom.
Topic: global-warming

However, despite the this overwhelming evidence from accurate sources, there are still those critics that think it’s a made up thing. One such criticism is that there is no general consensus that is real and something that is still a debate. However the fact stays that according to the authors of major climate consensus studies, about 97% of climate scientists believe in global warming (Skeptical Science, 2016) The skeptics of global warming only back up thei claims from minor studies which are funded by lobbyists.
Topic: global-warming

Another major criticism of global warming as a true phenomenom is that what is happening now is a part of Earth’s geophysical processes. This is a process which occurs every 1,500 years,that the heat distribution of Earth switches between hemispheres, though the total heal globally stays the same. However this is very different than the human produced global warming, which has has been produced by emissions of CO2 in the atmosphere within the last 200 years. Unlike the natural heat variations, the present temperature increase made by CO2 is being recorded globally-on ground, in the air, and in the oceans(Skeptical Science, 2016) So, therefore this claim made by the critics is wrong since global warming is an issue that has been happening since the Industrial Revolution.
Topic: global-warming

All in all, although this is just a drop of the mountain of evidence which points to the fact that global warming is a real issue with many results it is not a topic to dismiss. Since the increase of global warming causes so much destruction such as water levels rising, having more acidity, frozen waters melting more rapidly etc., global warming is evident everywhere. Even those who don’t believe in global warming are only backed up illogically. The overwhelming evidence presented in this essay definately portrays the issue of global warming in a real way.