ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: family

Franzoi (2003) stated that negative stereotypes will develop a ruin self-fulfilling prophecy. Self-fulfilling prophecy refer to the act that becomes true because people expect it to be true and behave in a way that will make it happen. To forestall stereotyping, everybody must play a very important role. In Friedman (n.d) article in American Baby magazine stated that among the way to overcome stereotype is by gaining self-confidence it the kids. We should support everything the kids for whatever they are doing. Added to that, the parent should develop a special interaction and coordination to their kid that suits the kid interest. Personally, I really think that a parent should watch out for the media because as I have discussed earlier in this text media have develop most people stereotype view. The act of letting them receives much unclear information which will shape their view.
Topic: family

Furthermore, language is crucial for the development of autobiographical memory in children, and thus the deprivation of communicating about the past produces flaws in their early memories. Weigle and Bauer (2000) supported this when they found that deaf adults, who were not brought up with sign language, had roughly the same age for their earliest memories as hearing adults but deaf adults had significantly less early memories. Therefore, this suggests that lack of language prevents rehearsal, which supports the idea that speaking about the past is fundamental for the formation of autobiographical memories and thus the language hypothesis of CA.
Topic: family

However, the effect language has on CA may be affected by culture. In a study, White American adults recalled more memories before the age of 5 than Chinese adults did. Furthermore, on average, the White American adults’ earliest memories were 6 months earlier than those of Chinese adults (Wang, 2006). Therefore this suggests that the individualism of western cultures encourages more attention to be given to individual experiences and as a result they have more and earlier autobiographical memories, and thus less CA due to the encouraged rehearsal of past events.
Topic: family

In comparison, CA may also have a biological explanation. The hippocampus plays a significant role in regards to long term memory. The hippocampus is not fully developed until the child is 3 or 4 years old and so children before this age are not neurologically mature enough to create stable and persistent autobiographical memories (Josselyn & Frankland, 2012). Existing memories are destroyed by the postnatal production of new neurons. Only at later developmental stages where the neurogenesis rate declines, does the ability to form long lasting memories come about.
Topic: family

The biological approach is supported by research conducted on animals. For example, Rudy and Morledge (1994) found that young rats demonstrated much faster forgetting than older rats. In the immediate retention test, 18 to 32-day old rats displayed similar freezing levels, however 18-day old rats froze far less than older rats on the 24-hr retention test which implies that rapid forgetting occurred. CA takes place because the 18-day-old rats have not fully developed neurologically yet to form long-term representations of the scenarios. Thus, CA is a universal phenomenon that occurs across species. Therefore, CA cannot be fully using human concepts and as a result the biological explanation of CA is strengthened.
Topic: family

However, if the cause of CA is the postnatal development of brain structures that are required to form stable, long-term memories, a two-year-old-child should not remember anything from the first year of their life. But, Howe and Courage (1993) found that two years olds can recall events from a year before accurately. What’s more, Perris, Myers & Clifton (1990) found that when children were placed in a dark room, those who had been in the dark room 1 to 2 years beforehand displayed less distress than those who had not. It also looks as if they had replicated the endeavours they had performed in the same situation 1 to 2 years earlier. Therefore, children who have not fully developed neurologically are still able to produce and recall autobiographical memories and thus, due to conflicting research, the biological explanation is flawed.
Topic: family

To conclude, the underlying cause of CA remains uncertain. Not one of the explanations for CA is more convincing than the other. First of all, evidence to the contrary suggests that children can actually remember events from their past before they are fully neurologically developed. Furthermore, the explanation based on language acquisition fails to take into account that animals have the ability to form episodic memories. If the development of language is necessary to create recallable memories, then the ability to form memories should not be present in animals at all. In addition, both explanations are quite limited in their view of CA, and its cause. Before conclusions can be drawn about the cause of CA, developments in the research of CA are essential. CA cannot be fully explained by only examining biological or developmental aspects; other factors that influence the minds of humans are repression, culture, ethnicity, and emotion- these factors must be considered. What’s more, more scientifically sound methods of studying CA are required to form a more objective explanation, such as using fMRI machines. Therefore, both theories are important to some degree, nevertheless improvements in the methods of the research and a more tolerant approach will be necessary to fully understand CA. Thus, the cause of CA remains unclear.
Topic: family

Due to a family member not doing their part within the institution, the institution falls apart and becomes dysfunctional and will probably experience a breakdown. This break down leads to the abused party living in a risky arrangement that is like-minded with Chamberlain and Mackenzie’s (1992) definition of homelessness under the sections that there is no promise of how long the abused party can stay and that they may be living in temporary accommodations in the worst case scenario wherein the abuser has alienated the abused party from their support networks, the abused party may live on the streets or enter an emergency shelter.
Topic: family

As an outcome of this barring, the child will not gather and learn how to function as a productive member of society when their tenancy in the education institution has ended. They won’t be able to get or keep a job which leads them into a state of homelessness due to their incapability to make money thus causing them to rely on short-term places or live in the circumstances counter to Australian societal housing norms, such as taking up residence under a bridge or in an abandoned building.
Topic: family

I am the oldest boy in my family, including cousins and siblings. Being the oldest boy, of four siblings and nine cousins, has had a huge impact on who I am. Considering both my parents are hard working, busy people, I have spent a significant amount of time caring and setting an example for my siblings. Thankfully my older sister Danielle, who was a peer leader, was always motivating me. While she set a phenomenal example, most of the time, I was also able to learn from her few mistakes.
Topic: family

My whole life everything I did directly affected my younger family member’s life, therefore being a leader and working with younger kids is one of my strong suits. Whenever I encounter a life decision I am forced to think not only of my life but how my sibling’s will view my decision and how it will affect their lives. I have made my siblings and cousins feel comfortable and safe in any situation; they know I will be there for them at anytime and help them with anything and I feel that has made them stronger more independent individuals.
Topic: family

The peer leadership contract is as it should be. All upperclassmen should act as role models to their peers. As a captain of many teams and a leader of my grade I know to take on responsibilities and successfully educate my peers. A leader is one who does the right thing, can be depended on, looked up to, and forthcoming. A good leader can change someone’s life for the better, I feel that I can do so. I will reflect a positive influence on my peerlings and will help them begin their high school career. Peer pressure is a large part of growing up, whether it is negative or positive peer pressure is all around, especially as a freshman in high school. Therefore, the peer leadership contract is necessary not only to maintain order but also to give those who are less knowledgeable on how to set a good example a few ground rules.“I suppose leadership at one time meant muscles; but today it means getting along with people.” ~ Mahatma Gandhi
Topic: family

In the essay “My Mother Never Worked,” Bonnie Smith-Yackel recollects the time when she called Social Security to claim her mother’s death benefits. Social Security places Smith-Yackel on hold so they can check their records on her mother, Martha Jerabek Smith. While waiting, she remembers the many things her mother did, and the compassion her mother felt towards her husband and children. When Social Security returns to the phone, they tell Smith-Yackel that she could not receive her mother’s death benefits because her mother never had a wage earning job.
Topic: family

Although her mother never was employed at a public or private business, she worked at home relentlessly. During the day, she worked on the farm, cooked for her family, and cleaned the house; at night, she sewed rugs and clothes for her children. Martha Smith continued to sew and plant a garden in her old age as well as when her children were grown and on their own. The passing of time was revealed in the years Smith-Yackel’s siblings were born. They were also revealed in the passing of seasons for farming.
Topic: family

I think this essay was very unique; she uses irony repeatedly in her essay. It keeps you interested throughout the essay and even after I finished. I wondered what her response was to the person at the Social Security Office after they said, “Well you see-your mother never worked.” Even though she didn’t express her feelings about not getting any benefits from her mother’s death, I can tell that she was upset and shocked that the government overlooked the work her mother did daily. Smith-Yackel uses the telephone conversation as a frame for the essay, which is very interesting. It makes the story a little more realistic and it closes the essay nicely.
Topic: family

Sesame Street was shown in more than 140 countries by its 40th anniversary. In United States it was rated as the fifteenth highest children’s television. The educational effects on young children were actually studied and recorded for the first time and also formative research and summative was used to change the content of the show. For young children a new era had been accompanied due to television popularity, this capability gave exact opportunity to investigate in creating mass population changes and Sesame Street.
Topic: family

Joan Ganz Cooney and her crew began to combine the research needed to plan the show’s development. ‘The CTW model’ was developed by the producers; production, intricate system of planning and evaluation, which did not emerge till the end of the first season. The CTW model contains four parts such as the creation and implementation of a specific age-appropriate curriculum, the interaction between receptive television producers and child experts, independent measurement of each viewers’ learning and , in-depth research to construct the program.
Topic: family

(Reiser, A., 1984). One of the main initial goals of the show was to prepare and inspire young children, particularly those from low-income families, to be ready for school. Therefore, it was also used to support older children as well as parents to watch the show with the younger children and consequently changes were made to the show’s content to raise its appeal and the viewers’ attention. Humor, cultural references and celebrity features was achieved. (Levin, R.S., 1976).
Topic: family

Anne Wood and Andrew Davenport who were Ragdolls creative directors created and wrote the entire series. On 31st march 1997 is was aired and the last episode aired on 5th January 2002 with a total number of 365 episodes. It was first broadcasted in Britain and gradually abroad, becoming a critical and commercial success global, Teletubbies especially its creation values which continually revolve around the characters portraying toddlers through their behavior, language and similar body proportions. The characters are actually fictional humanoids called Teletubbies in Teletubbyland.
Topic: family

Several controversies were made about the program teletubbies especially about the characters pictured and the intention of the messages behind it. The main example being that despite its target audience being children aged between 18 months and 4 years, it was followed enthusiastically by older generations, namely university and high school students due to the subtle underline meanings offered by the show. In addition it was criticized due to the fact that toddlers might get affected for displaying homosexual qualities. The accused behavior was due to the claims that Tinky Winky, the biggest teletubby was demonstrated as a homosexual through his performance and his body color being purple ‘was considered in early 2000 as the color of homosexuality. His performance has also been understood in another method, one which views his homosexual character as part of society by not blurring the gender roles and implanting the idea of acceptance into a young child’s mind. This view recommends that the show uphold the distinction of different gender identities. This distinction is characterized by children in Israel who are able to differentiate between male and female characters; Tinky Winky and Dipsy being males, La-la and Po being females regardless of the fact that Tinky Winky carries a handbag while Po drives a scooter (Dafna, L., 2001).
Topic: family

Teletubbies television series is an satisfactory educational program to children for the age group under 3years because differentiate between male and female counterparts and each progressive developmental stage is aided by expressively bright colors reinforced with simple one-word messages (Sagar, L., 1998). The program seeks to improve the understanding of a child’s perception through a display of attractive colors and frequent movement and their cognitive understanding of the world around them and the one they see in Teletubbies, and how they both relate to each other. In addition, the language contains consistent audio breaks supplying children with ample opportunities to hear and practice their language skills, imitate the words spoken on screen as children often do, allowing them to build their vocabulary and construct simple sentences (Roberts, S., 1999).
Topic: family

It varies from Sesame Street on this aspect by introducing general values and ethics to children rather than preparing children for school as Sesame Street is often seen to do. For instance, in the screened episode of Teletubbies, the word Umbrella is constant each time he picks it up and uses it go protect himself from the sun or the rain. The simple message of how it is used by people and is basically a social skill that young children learn. The focus of Teletubbies is more on showing affection, enjoyment and individuality. The series has been developed based on concepts developed after observing young children, their games and the way they interpret information. This has provided two frameworks for the children to be educated upon. The first being the Teletubbies “baby talk” is 80% adult language and 20% “play language”, the latter reinforcing positive effects and forming a bridge between children who are nearer to being 3 years old and the ones who have just reach one year of age. The second framework lies in the recurrent repetitions, which make the process of learning easier, allowing children to recognize things because of recurrence of words and movements. This also helps build up their self-esteem. The dance sequences performed on the series are meant to be imitated so the young children get involved in physical activity rather than just passively sitting in front of the television in one place (Jonathan, B., 2005).
Topic: family

Relating to the discussions of the effects television has on children, the difficulty level is often unnoticed on proving these effects indisputably. As it is a television series and viewed as a commercial commodity, there are no established facts about it, rather much of the facts are opinions and theories that experts have come up with. The “experts” who make such assessments of this kind, in fact, take a lot of time and money regarding whether or not a specific television show has had positive or negative effects on children viewers. Yet, discussions pointing towards the validity of these conjectures still prevail. (Palmer, L., 1976).
Topic: family

On comparing two critically acclaimed shows such as Sesame Street and Teletubbies has always been under a more strict and criticized eye due to it’s incoherent “baby talk”, the poor educational value it has to offer, issues which child experts globally have targeted (Horst, S., 1992). Certainly, the disagreements surrounding the children’s television series stated above does not help in the least bit. On the other hand, Sesame Street has been shown much more appreciation and falls towards the positive end of the comparison due to its popularity among adults and young children alike, its long running time on air due to global critical acclaim for the genre of children’s television series. Most research studies on Sesame Street show the effects on the response generated in the viewers, one that has been exceedingly positive and constructive (Anderson, D., 2008). The show provides several contributing factors that seek to improve a child’s social and physical behavior in public and at home. The effect has been noticed in how regular children viewers are generally more assertive and display better and efficient social behavior than their peers during free play with other young children who have not seen the show on such a regular basis. It has helped ground basic skills and knowledge such as learning the alphabets, numbers, practicing good health habits and on a more general note, appreciating the rich diversity of global cultures and traditions. It captures the attention of young children through humor, a playful tempo, a variety of colorful different looking characters, story arcs and song performances, with a strong emphasis on audience participation and the applause as the reward for learning and/or mastering a new skill (Judith, H.M., 1975).
Topic: family

The two shows appeal in a unique way for each program that express themselves in their own particular style, on a practical level that is reasonable with due respect to the targeted audience’s intelligence. Since both show’s offer a diversity of story arcs and messages, they have proved successful in various countries, with additional focus on enhanced educational results. It has set a benchmark for which all foreign producers and researchers continuously look upon to help create programs that reflect the cultural, social, religious and linguistic diversity of their own respective countries. It also helps in viewing the bigger picture of the world as a young children, by teaching children the importance of universal roles and their practice along side their traditional values and cultural roles (Joan, D, 1971).
Topic: family

In both the television shows the main difference is the target audience other than that both shows aim to aid in the cognitive development of children. In Teletubbies it targets the age group of children from 12 to 18 months but Sesame Street targets at a slightly older children, who are between the age of 3 and 5, most importantly those who are about to join kindergarten. The main aim of Sesame Street is to prepare young children for school, to subconsciously prep them for the concepts ahead such as introducing numeracy, literacy and spatial skills (Williamson, N., 1988). Whereas, Teletubbies focuses more on 12 to 18 months of age, including toddlers constructing and delivering messages. Their goal is to help develop cognitive abilities such as recognizing corporeal images and linking them with their names and develop basic sensory development. The characters and puppets have been utilized in both shows to help gravitate the attention of young children. The cheerful colors are also an added bonus but again, the difference in their intent behind the costumes is different. Young children are more physically and motivate in the Teletubbies , on the other hand in Sesame Street it gains attention of young children in order to pass on educational values from the show (Goodman, I., 1976).
Topic: family

School violence has been the cause of a great concern in the public for many years now. According to figures from the Ministry of Education, 8,000 cases of student fights have been reported by 38 local education departments since 2003 and 96.7% of Vietnamese students have witnessed scenes of violence in schools. These figures really alarm an ugly violent situation at schools. Safe schools are essential to young people’s ability to learn and develop healthy relationships. In fact, students are much less likely to come to harm at school than away from school. However, many schools have serious crime and violent problems make students feel unsafe and fear being at school, significantly disrupting the learning process.
Topic: family

The causes of school violence may be countless, but we can classify them into four categories including individual, family, school, and community risk factors. On individual side, there are many factors affect violent trend of individual such as aggressiveness, any substance abuse, internal character lower intelligence, birth complications and so on. However, the rate of these effects is rare because most children were born with a good-natured character. With time, these characters gradually change and being impacted by surrounding environments.
Topic: family

On family risk factors, family play a vital role in creating or stopping violent condition at children because everything begins from the initial stage. History of family crime and violence, lower or lack of expectations by parents, the lack of monitoring by parents, parental involvement in drugs, child abuse and neglect can cause violent condition at children. How can a child become a good person when they live in such a bad condition? They will think violence is normal and carry out them at school. On school aspect, a school is a place where children are taught the right things in life, but the life for elementary, middle, and high school students has never been easy. Young people have always had to cope with academic pressures, extracurricular demands, and conflicts with their peers school. The risk factors include such things as early delinquent behaviors, academic failure, lack of commitment to school, and gang involvement. On community issues, no one can live separating from community or society unless they want to have a non – attachment life, so effects of community can not be ignored. The risk community factors can be availability of weapons, drugs, violence, large numbers of broken families, high transient populations, and economic deprivation. Especially, the spread of violence in television programs, movies, and video games has created a dangerous imitation for children. In general, there are no children who want to become a violent person. They are just the person who was impacted by risk factors surrounding them.
Topic: family

The violence at school is really the big problem nowadays. No one can ensure that they can stop violence at school, but prevention can make a difference. The solution for preventing violence is numerous. However, we should concentrate on reducing family-school-community risk factors because these factors are the root. Violence prevention starts in the home. Parents can start by being good role models, refraining from violence themselves and solving their problems peacefully. They should also be very involved in their children’s lives; frequent discussions and discipline keep young people on the right track. It’s especially important to talk about violence. Parents can ask their children about their thoughts and fears about school violence, and make it clear that they will not tolerate violent actions of any kind. Parents should care about their children’s schools and know what the school is doing to keep young people safe. School also play a special role in preventing violence because children are required to spend a large part of their young lives in schools.
Topic: family

School should be a safe environment for students to get knowledge and perfect personality. The staff of school need to develop a supportive and friendly atmosphere, violence prevention and intervention programs, and an emphasis on the importance moral education to make schools safe. Teachers can also help by leading discussions on school violence topics to improve students’ awareness . Preventing violence at school is not only efforts of parents and schools but also duty of the whole society. Change social and cultural conditions in order to reduce violence regardless of where the violence occurs such as reducing media violence, reshaping social norms which is no longer suitable , and restructuring educational systems. One can not solve the problem completely. However, when each person extends a hand to help reduce violence , everything will be better.
Topic: family

Schools should be safe environment for learning and development, but unfortunately it is not quietly safe place as it used to be. However, no one should have to be afraid at school because violence can be preventable. It is everyone’s responsibility to keep schools safe; by working together and raising awareness of the danger of school violence, tragedies can be prevented and schools can become the comfortable and protected environments they are meant to be. To stop the violence in school is not a week, a month or a year task, but it’s a process of a generation or more.
Topic: family

Thus, religion and belief is what connects the human with the divine world and gives the person a special state of inner warmth, tranquility and confidence because he does not feel alien to the divine forces that surrounds it. He does not feel thrown out in front of the meaninglessness of life. Life becomes meaningful with its purpose to union with God. It becomes clear and positive. We can say, that religion is one of the universal cultural mechanisms of regulation of human activity, it is through the actions of religious system organizes daily life, with the help of the development of doctrine structures the world, that makes us think about the basics and the meaning of our own life.
Topic: family

Sophie Caco, in Breath, Eyes, Memory, quotes her mother, “There’s a difference between what a person wants and what’s good for them” (72). In Edwidge Danticat’s novel, there is conflict between what Sophie wants and what her mother, Martine, believes is good for her. While Sophie wants to live in the great realm of Providence, her mother has a specific idea of what is good for her daughter—remaining pure until marriage, being the ideal, obedient daughter, and studying to become a doctor.
Topic: family

Part One ends with Martine divulging to Sophie that, “A man grabbed me from the side of the road, pulled me into a cane field, and put you in my body” (61). Martine and Sophie are now both linked by a rapist. Although Sophie does not say it explicitly, the narrative voice connotes that she knows deep in her heart that whenever her mother sees her she is reminded of that horror of the night she was raped, making Sophie feel more and more disconnected from her mother.
Topic: family

This extremely important revelation which Martine explains in such a calm, mollified tone shows that Martine doesn’t want her daughter to be angry or grief-stricken; instead, she wants Sophie to learn about her past and bring her closer to her. Martine’s idea of what’s good for her, knowing about her father and Martine’s own past, conflicts with Sophie’s idea of what she wants to know. Otherwise, there would not have been a six-year gap between the time she was told of her mother’s rape to the following scene.
Topic: family

Martine feels it necessary to tell her daughter the importance of ‘testing’ because as a tradition in her family the idea of keeping the child clean and pure is of utmost priority. She explains to Sophie, “When I was a girl, my mother used to test us to see if we were virgins. She would put her finger in our very private parts and see if it would go inside…The way my mother was raised, a mother is supposed to do that to her daughter until the daughter is married. It is her responsibility to keep her daughter pure” (60-61). As Sophie’s mother, Martine feels it is her duty to explain the reasoning behind testing her because it is what’s good for her. Again, although Sophie does not want to have this done to her, that’s not important to Martine because it needs to be done. Even her Tante Atie hated it, but it was necessary.
Topic: family

Throughout the novel, Martine tries to fit her daughter into a perfect frame and be a certain person that Sophie tries to break away from. Although this is yet another way of bringing Sophie closer to her, Martine only pushes her away even further. When Marc asks Sophie what she wants to be, she says, “I want to do dactylo, be a secretary” (56). Martine, however, insists that, “She is too young now to know. You are going to be a doctor” (56), indicating the tension between mother and daughter. Sophie and Martine are different people with different intentions. Even though Martine wants her daughter to grow up to be a doctor, Sophie never establishes the connection in which she takes into consideration being a doctor. Martine never seems to understand Sophie because she is too wrapped up in having the ideal daughter who doesn’t go astray. Without explicitly saying it, it is obvious through the narrative voice that Sophie knows what she wants—she ends up being a secretary. When Sophie returns to Haiti, Louise asks her, “What do you do in America, Sophie? What is your profession?” (99) to which Sophie responds, “A secretary.” (99).
Topic: family

No matter how much Martine tries, she fails to make Sophie fit into the role of the Marassas twin. Martine describes, “They looked the same, talked the same, walked the same,” (84) indicating how she envisions the way she and her daughter should be. Sophie, however, never viewed herself as Martine’s twin prior to this description of the Marassas. When she sees a picture of Atie, her mother, and herself in Martine’s house she says, “I looked like no one in my family. Not my mother. Not my Tante Atie. I did not look like them when I was a baby and I did not look like them now” (45). Not only was she not raised by her own mother, but she didn’t even look like Martine. The narrative voice conveys that Sophie is observant yet unruffled; there is no sense of emotional reaction only an objective remark, indicating that it doesn’t make a difference to Sophie. When Marc takes Martine and Sophie out to dinner, Sophie once again thinks about the fact that she does not look like her mother solely by the waiter’s expression. She says, “He looked at us for a long time. First me, then my mother. I wanted to tell him to stop it. There was no resemblance between us. I knew it” (55). Sophie’s tone of voice conveys her irritation; by now, she has accepted the fact that she and her mother look nothing like each other. There is no changing it.
Topic: family

Sophie violates her mother’s notion of being pure because she wants to break free from Martine. She likens herself to the woman who would not stop bleeding when she says, “If she wanted to stop bleeding, she would have to give up her right to be a human being” (87), in which Sophie herself would have to break her hymen in order to “break free” from her mother’s clutches. The night that she took the pestle to bed with her, though she knew it was “not good for her hymen to tear apart like so, she had felt that “there was no longer any reason for me to live” (87), because her mother had been doing this horrible thing of testing her. If she could be free from her mother and her testing, she would consequently be free from her mother’s past because she, too, had been tested. The pestle acts as a mechanism for Sophie to free herself from her mother.
Topic: family

When Sophie runs away from home to elope with her boyfriend Joseph, she completely goes against what her mother wanted for her. Sophie’s attempts to break free from her mother has succeeded so far, because she wants to reach that Providence that she has until now unable to attain. The second part ends with Sophie departing from her mother’s house and leaving for a life with Joe, once again doing what she wants to do even though in her mother’s eyes it is not what is good for her. If she lives her entire life under her mother’s control she would be tortured forever by her mother’s past and would never be “liberated” from it. When she had lived in Haiti, she was supported by her mother’s weekly supply of money. When she arrived in America she was dependent on her mother for survival. But now, as Sophie moves on and in with Joe, she no longer needs her mother and is now closer than her ever to being free from Martine.
Topic: family

The parts are structured so that the most important milestones in the story are left hanging with enormous spaces in time. This time around two years have passed between Sophie leaving for her sense of Providence and from where the story picks up again in Haiti. This type of narrative of leaving huge chunks out of an otherwise linear chronology draws attention to the fact that Sophie’s life itself is so disjoint. The story takes us suddenly from America to Haiti just as suddenly as Sophie was taken from Haiti to America after one letter and plane ticket from her mother. Sophie often feels her life is empty and especially when she was growing up without her mother for twelve years, an enormous part of her life was missing even though she didn’t know it. She says, “It took me twelve years to piece together my mother’s entire story.” (61).
Topic: family

By the time Sophie has moved out of her mother’s place she believes she may be free but realizes that her mother is not. When she is with her sexual phobia group, she understands that the person who has wronged her, Martine, has been unable to be free. Sophie says, “I knew my hurt and hers were links in a long chain and if she hurt me, it was because she was hurt, too” (203). She comes to the realization that there is a reason why her mother did what she did and that in order for her to be free, her mother needs to be free from her past as well. Her mother’s rape had given her nightmares that she was able to “free” her mother from, but only from the nightmares themselves, not from the reality of the rape.
Topic: family

Sophie is devastated by the fact that her mother found her own way of escaping the reality of rape—committing suicide. For the first time her mother did what she wanted to do and Sophie desired for her to do what is good for her, going to Haiti and confronting the cane field where she was raped as the psychiatrist advised. This role-reversal shows how Sophie is still in a way so connected to her mother that she is compelled to “free” herself as well as her mother by confronting the cane field. In the final scene, she says she, “ran through the field, attacking the cane. I took off my shoes and began to beat a cane stalk. I pounded it until it began to lean over.” The image of the bent cane stalk reflects Sophie reclaiming her mother’s power and Sophie finally achieving the freedom she so desperately sought.
Topic: family

Gender role discrimination may be considered by many to be nonexistent to today’s society and that equality between the sexes has been achieved. Gender roles and relations still play a part in perpetuating inequality, and the effects of gender roles in relation to childhood, family life and at work. (Janedoe146, 2010) Over the last 30 years companies as well as society have begun to recognize that the nature of jobs, the workplace environment, and more generally, the culture of the workplace can have a significant impact on the ability of workers to balance their work and family lives.
Topic: family

Gendered behaviors can include gender-specific clothing, speech, movement, activities, thoughts and feelings, and those norms may vary according to place, time and culture. Gender roles are relational and become more pronounced in the comparison of gender role successes and failures! Femininity equals what is not masculine; masculinity equals what is not feminine. Roles can be reinforced by positive and negative sanctions. Women and men that conform to gender expectations (men are breadwinners and women are mothers and homemaker’s) are positively sanctioned and those who refuse to conform to gender roles are negatively sanctioned named called (mothers boy and lesbian or tomboy).
Topic: family

Gender roles persist in many areas of life starting from delivery, being wrapped in either a blue or a pink blanket depending on sex. After birth, people whom give gifts, seem to ask the sex of the baby even before inquiring about health, and then select gifts based on the answer just like at delivery blue for boys and pink for girls. These gender roles are obvious, like the role of woman as principal child giver, and some are more obscure, such as the institutions and social expectations that support women and not men in caring for children. In the toddler years, children are gifted with gender-specific toys that encourage them to play-act gender roles in practice for adult life. Often giving to are baby dolls, dollhouses, makeup, and hair dressing sets. This clearly schools them in the traditional gender roles of nurturer, housekeeper, and in the importance of being attractive. Boy’s toys on the other hand are action figures, cars and building sets. This enforces an emphasis on power, worker, and autonomy. At school, children learn from other children to differentiate gender appropriate toys, clothes and interests; other children socialized to value traditional gender roles are quick to point out behavior that goes against the norm.
Topic: family

Placement, thoughts and actions that were taught in a long-established way often gave a misleading image of gender roles. From each generations interiorize theirs parent’s model for instance the females are often found in the kitchen and laundry room along with the area of child giver This is extremely different from the males in the past they are usually found doing the hard labor like working or fixing different things. By the pattern shown this states that each partner has roles of responsibilities both at home and in society. Normally these roles are set in stone and are expected. Separate roles and responsibility lies primary on either male or female roles. With the every changing time-honored gender roles seems to be complicated by both genders not having or possessing the physical and mental skills. Then you also have stereotyping of the males and females roles in the family and outside. From the being of time, this world has always been a male world with men in the forefront, a male dominated world.
Topic: family

Society’ evolution about woman’s worth and placement has changed the traditional gender roles that many have known. By doing this, women are becoming more active at home and in society. They are becoming more motivated and striving to have independence. This leaves the balance of gender roles lopsided and a man are taking on the famine side, being more emotionally involved in household tasks. This is seen more and more as each year passes. Women are moving into the work force and men are becoming homemakers and caregivers. In these days and ages many more women have seen and felt the liberty of traditional roles. Many have the option and choice to be a home mother or a working mother or even both. The old anchored of the past in being lifted with new ways and new ideas. With the choice of work over family is known as the feminist model, which is the priority of a career. This is a new choice then from ones in the past. Balancing home and work is the anti-feminine type this also may be called middle model adopted by the double career type of woman, this seems to be the hardest but many or choosing this for many reasons. Either by the state of the economy or by choice the freedom to do so. This one shares a profession or career and family life equally. We are assisting to a reprioritization of woman needs and so professional success became more interesting and even attractive than family one probably because it brings something new. Women are motivated to choose the career by elements as the wish for financial independency, the need to prove her capacities, to open and better integrate in modern society and the possibility to control and not being only controlled. (Lifecho, 2007) All this reasons are making women move more toward the working world.
Topic: family

Many men consider a women’s career as a conflict source having arguments, for instance women will neglect theirs family attributions, the imminent change of man’s power and influence, his incertitude concerning the professional competition and the risk to deteriorate the marital relation. Even at first side man and children are felling the stress generated by the new status of woman, she is living an interior conflict as well. Woman need to understand her need for self-accomplishment by going to the work force but the remains of traditional mindset still affect her modern vision as for as the need to be the mother, wife and caregiver. (Lifecho, 2007) All genders in today’s workforce are less likely to hang onto the traditional ways in roles than before; working men’s stress has risen more dramatically over the years because of increased household and childcare chores; this is karma. Causing this is the coast of living, that there are many single fathers then before, also we have seen more father running the households’. We have seen the changing in the trends of both females and males attitudes and dealings over the past few decades, showing that changing gender roles have significantly and specifically increased the overall level of work-life conflict by men; they are now seeing both worlds.
Topic: family

I see with the severity and prolonged recession will drastically change not only household budgets and habits; it will surely also change the challenges of longstanding gender roles. Even though women still earn greater less then the men the granted income out weights the small pay, since the last 10 years more men have be laid off then women. The women are stepping outside of the home. Not saying all women will become the main breadwinners but as seen, many have put aside the home life and men have become the househusband.
Topic: family

This thesis highlights the instances of domestic violence at home and its effects on children. The social, psychological, physical and emotional impact of domestic violence could be studied from a broad perspective although domestic violence has a significant effect on children and especially in their psychological development and the way they react to their social world at a later stage of life. The thesis discusses how children could be protected from domestic violence and what are the measures that the government or social organizations could take to control or stop domestic violence.
Topic: family

Domestic violence is threatening behavior or some sort of violence or abuse between adults who are or were in relationships as also violence between family members and could affect anyone irrespective of gender, age, ethnicity or sexuality. Domestic violence could be psychological or physical, sexual or emotional or even financial. It could range from forced marriage and genital mutilation to physical abuse and assault. Domestic violence usually takes place within intimate family type relationships and could form a pattern of coercive and controlling behavior in which one family member of partner tries to control the other family members or partner.
Topic: family

Domestic violence is mainly carried out by men and experienced by women although it could be the other way round and there could be repeated physical or sexual assaults and this could result in injury or death. It has been projected that men could be violent towards their partners or might face violence although women get violent as an attempt towards self defence as they try to move out of controlling behavior. Domestic violence has a direct adverse effect on the children in a family and more than 75% children are considered at risk when they have abusive parents in their family. Children are also sometimes abused by the family member.
Topic: family

Domestic violence could affect anyone regardless of age, gender or social background or ethnicity and it could happen at any stage of a relationship and incidents of domestic violence could become increasingly severe over time. Domestic abuse is a result of the desire for power or control and could directly cause or be caused by individual experiences. The responses of society are contributory factors in domestic violence although men can easily get away with it. Domestic violence would have direct impact on children and there could be both long term and short term impact on children. Developmental perspectives could consider direct or indirect abuse effects on infants and adolescents, school age children and teenagers. The next part of the review highlights domestic violence and its impact on children as noted in literature review and research studies.
Topic: family

In the context of domestic violence, Lapierre (2010) studied mothering and women’s experience of mothering and how this was related to domestic violence. There seems to be a lack of research on women’s experiences in mothering in the context of domestic violence and this study highlights the difficulties that abused women face during mothering. The author argued that motherhood itself could pose a challenge as difficulties of interaction arise within broader situations. Women have at the same time increased responsibilities to motherhood and loss of control over their children and therefore this would be a major challenge. Mothers are required to be vocal about their concerns as intimate partner violence faced by mothers would affect not just them but also the well being of their children ho may be exposed to the violence and its after effects (Rhodes et al, 2010). In a study with 39 adult women, mothers raised concerns on the negative effects of partner violence on their children.
Topic: family

In discussions on the barriers to prevent violence and abuse by partners, the victims expressed their conflicts and how children could facilitate and inhibit leaving of an abusive relationship as the mothers could worry that children will be adversely affected if they remain in a violent family but could also be affected if they stay away from a family environment. This suggests that victims with children were always very conflicted as children could both facilitate and inhibit leaving relationships that are abusive. Mothers are thus in conflict as to whether they should spare their children from harmful effects of violence and leave or whether they should spare their children from any instability caused by separation or divorce. The mothers also suggested that fear of involvement of child protection services prevented them from seeking help with social service agencies. Social service agencies will have to understand the conflicts faced by mothers and should be able to help them.