ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: civil-war

However, some klanists persist and temporarily arouse renewed interest among the frustrated White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASPs), who no longer make up the majority of the American population. In the 1950s, the promulgation of the law against segregation in public schools once again raised passions and the crosses were seen lighting up again: it’s the shy appearance of the third Klan which is still existing till the present. Fighting, house blasting and new crimes followed, killing 29 people between 1956 and 1963, including 11 whites, during race riots. The klanists try to retrain themselves in anti-communism, by attacking the Indians or by demeaning their fanatical anti-Catholicism. But nothing can be done about it, the decline of the Klan has been underway since the late 1960s, when it already has only about ten thousand members.
Topic: civil-war

Yemen provides a unique set of geopolitical factors that must be taken into account when determining how to encourage a peaceful future in a historically turbulent social and political environment. This essay will address seven primary geopolitical factors within Yemen in the context of its social, cultural, economic, and political climate, political stability and longevity, access to strategic resources, proximity to allies and enemies, international partnerships, import and export routes, and access to critical supplies, energy, and technology.
Topic: civil-war

By studying these factors, this paper will determine the viability of third-party intervention under the PMESII-PT framework utilized by the Department of Defense. Critical areas of analysis under this framework include political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, and time. Through the PMESII-PT framework, it will be shown that Yemen is a country largely controlled by conflict within its own borders, and without increased humanitarian assistance and shuttle diplomacy efforts from third-party nations, Yemen will remain a country in economic, military, political, cultural, and social turmoil, subjecting it to be a war-torn country for years to come and creating an ongoing humanitarian crisis.
Topic: civil-war

Yemen’s politics are tumultuous and unstable due to several years of civil war between the Houthis and Yemeni government. The country does not adhere to any cooperative organizations or international law, and its government is in a transitional period. Yemen’s Prime Minister as of October 15, 2018 is Maeen Abd al-Malik SAEED. The Chief of State is President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI, and the Vice President is ALI MAHSIN al-Ahmar. The country is divided into 22 governorates, and 21 of these 22 governorates have been affected by civil war clashes. Along with the Houthi rebels, Yemen deals with various terrorist groups within its own borders, causing increased instability and social turmoil. The country’s proximity to enemies is constant, unable to escape threats from within.
Topic: civil-war

The lack of effective infrastructure affects the country’s ability to conduct fair local elections. The political structure is still in the transitional stage, and the amount of power that each governorate will have within the system is not currently determined. Under the current Yemeni constitution, Sharia Law is the overarching source of legislation, but the country is so fractured that each governorate tends to adhere to a different set of standards and rules. Yemen citizens are prohibited from forming political parties based on region, tribe, sect, or ethnicity according to law.
Topic: civil-war

Yemen’s military organization is limited and lacks the infrastructure to conduct successful operations. There was a significant decline in the conventional Yemeni Army, Air Force, and Navy’s power after Yemen’s unification in 1990, and formal military development or education is nonexistent. Yemen compensates for its lack of conventional military power through its paramilitary, organized by the Ministry of the Interior. More so than the threat of outside forces in the region, Yemen’s primary threats come from internal sources.
Topic: civil-war

In 2015, the Yemen government called upon Saudi Arabia to intervene on their behalf and to help deter the Houthi rebels from further destroying their government. This plea led to a Saudi naval blockade of the Yemen coast that deterred the Houthis from building up their armaments but also exacerbated the humanitarian crisis in the country, making it even more difficult for humanitarian aid to enter. The intervention from Gulf state allies, led by Saudi Arabia, also engaged in “airpower coercion” and held a peace-talk in Kuwait in 2016 that resulted in a temporary stalemate and decreased territorial conflict. However, this peace-talk did not result in a permanent resolution of the conflict. In December 2018, the Houthis and the Yemen government engaged in peace talks through UN intervention; however, there are still violent clashes occurring, particularly in Marib, AL-Jawf, and Taiz.
Topic: civil-war

Yemen is low-income, with most Yemenis making under two U.S. dollars a day. Due to the civil war that has been going on since 2015, the exports and imports Yemen usually partakes in have stopped, contributing to the lack of food and fuel in the country. Prior to the intrastate conflict, Yemen held export partnerships with Egypt, Thailand, Belarus, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. They held import partnerships with United Arab Emirates, China, Turkey, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, and India. These partnerships are no longer functional.
Topic: civil-war

Yemen does have access to various trade routes. It borders the Arabian sea to the south and has access to the Gulf of Aden as well as the Red Sea; although, these trade routes are now closed off, as Yemen decided to close its territorial waters. Bab el Mandeb is the straight between the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, and this would provide Yemen with access to a highly active shipping lane for imports and exports. It is also located between Oman and Saudi Arabia.
Topic: civil-war

Yemen’s infrastructure and ability to harvest natural resources has diminished due to the lack of manpower available and the ongoing violent conflict on the ground. The Yemeni Central Bank is nearly depleted and is unable to keep up with the currency exchange rates. The country is no longer able to receive imports of food, animals, machinery, equipment, and chemicals as they used to, and they are unable to export materials such as crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish, and liquified natural gas. Furthermore, the Gulf of Aden holds many risks for Yemeni trade routes, as pirates have been known to hijack ships for ransom.
Topic: civil-war

Arabic is the primary spoken language in Yemen among its approximately 28,667,230 population. Most Yemenis live in the Western region of Yemen in the Asir Mountains where the extreme heat is lesser. The birth rate is high, and the population growth in Yemen is 2.17%, with 99.1% of the population being Muslim. Yemen has a mixture of Sunni and Shia Muslims but is majority Sunni and is made up of a younger generation, with 39.16% of Yemenis being younger than 15 years old.
Topic: civil-war

As of 2016, the use of cell phones in Yemen was increasing. However, Yemen’s information dissemination is limited to few sources of output. The radio is limited to two national stations and five local stations, and there are only two channels accessible via television. In 2013, prior to the clash between Houthis and the Yemeni government, there were 13.3 million Yemenis without electricity, and while it is difficult to obtain an accurate number in a time of such ongoing conflict, this number is likely to have risen in recent years.
Topic: civil-war

Yemen’s public health is in constant decline. The medical care provided to the general public is lacking, as the infrastructure is not capable of financially providing for so many people. The continuing civil war is causing the minimal health workers left in the country to either flee out of country or risk their lives to stay. In 2017, one million people in Yemen had cholera, the worst in world history. Many died due to the lack of functioning hospitals. There is also a rise of diptheria.
Topic: civil-war

Access to fresh, drinkable water is limited, and personal hygiene leads to the spread of diseases such as malaria and gastroenteritis. Furthermore, the housing crisis is a significant problem for Yemenis. There is low access to essential commodities such as quality homes, sewage systems, and electricity. Along with the high birth rate comes a lack of education, primarily for females. Only 55 percent of Yemeni females are considered literate. Humanitarian aid has been attempted; however, the food, medicine, and health workers sent over to assist the starving and dying Yemeni population are vulnerable to violent attacks, making providing humanitarian aid a dangerous and risky venture.
Topic: civil-war

Yemen’s terrain is primarily desert; although, there are mountainous areas in Western Yemen. In Eastern Yemen, the climate is hot and harsh, and along the western coastline, it is humid with monsoons occurring seasonally. Yemen is dominated mostly by desert in the interior and has various natural resources such as “petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, copper, and fertile soil in the west.” Dust storms and sandstorms are hazards of the summertime months, particularly in the interior of Yemen where the terrain is primarily desert. Soil erosion, desertification, and overgrazing have become environmental problems in the country, contributing to the lack of infrastructure.
Topic: civil-war

With each day that passes, more Yemenis, including children, are dying of preventable diseases, famine, or war. With the conflict between the Houthis and the Yemeni government entering its fourth year, and with no foreseeable implementation of a stable government, the humanitarian crisis will only worsen. The Yemeni economy is too weak to sustain itself, and the country’s lack of information distribution and infrastructure is devastating the people. Access to critical commodities is cut off, and assistance from Saudi Arabia and other Gulf state allies has failed to adequately resolve the conflict. Without outside intervention and shuttle diplomacy from a cooperative international organization such as the UN, Yemen is likely to remain in conflict for years to come.
Topic: civil-war

The Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States that began in 1861 between the North and the South, where slavery was a major cause of disunion. Lincoln was who fought for the legal status of slaves to free and end the slavery in America. Also, Lincoln declared that He would do everything necessary to keep the United States united as one country (American Battlefield Trust). Civil War changed many lives making the women to involucrate in their own roles, slavery played a big role during that era, and betrayal was a solution to recover their families traditions.
Topic: civil-war

Scarlett’s mind is her greatest asset. Although her education is sketchy, but she has a sharp intelligence and learns to imitate the graces of a lady to hide her inner self (Rentz). Gone with the wind was settling in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia. Margaret Mitchell grew up in Atlanta, Georgia who became a journalist. For Mitchell, this novel is unique because is about an independent woman and Scarlett O’ Hara, who shares many characteristics with herself. Both are that kind the women that have a great strength overcoming all adversities no matter what.
Topic: civil-war

“The Killer Angels” is a historical novel that was authored by Michael Shaara in 1974. The novel is on a narration of four days of the Battle of Gettysburg that took place during the American Civil War. The story is centered on the period between June 30, 1963 when both the Union and the Confederacy soldiers prepare for battle around the town of Gettysburg and the 1st to 3rd of July 1973 when the battle takes place. The novel commences with Harrison, Longstreet’s spy gathering information on the movement and positioning of the Federal soldiers.
Topic: civil-war

Each day of in the novel is narrated from the perspective of the generals from the two sides; James Longstreet and Robert E. Lee on the Confederacy’s side and John Buford and Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain on the Union’s side. Michael Shaara narrates the story of Gettysburg, which is among the largest battles in North America’s history to establish the causes of the Civil War. Additionally, he tries to establish the motivations, which led to long-established friends facing each other in battle.
Topic: civil-war

In the entire novel, the author attempts to portray the both sides of the War without any bias and to highlight the real causes of the War. Shaara uses Harrison, a spy who was hired by General Longstreet to investigate on the actions of the Union forces. This ensures that he remains neutral in his narration of the War. Thus, it can be argued that Michael Shaara was motivated by the urge to bring out the unbiased facts about the Gettysburg War, the real issues that led to the War, and the significance of the War to America’s history.
Topic: civil-war

James Longstreet and Robert E. Lee’s are significant characters in the story’s narration. The two are Confederacy soldiers, they trust each other, and they are concerned with the safety of the other. However, they hold varying opinions and tactics about the war. Lee possesses excellent tactical skills though his conventional policies are often in conflict with Longstreet’s more futurist policies. Lee is a Confederacy general who issues directives from the defensive position. Shaara depicts Lee as wise elderly man who is aware of the fact that his career is almost ending. Lee holds to his conventional ideas of war; however, he appreciates the significance of Longstreet’s innovative ideas on the war. Lee is an inspiration of the soldiers in the War. He inspires even the wounded soldiers who drag themselves from the Pickett’s Charge and they beg to be allowed to return to the War. His presence in the War maintains the morale of the Confederacy soldiers. However, his confidence in the soldiers’ leads to his overestimation of the soldiers might in the War and results in a disaster at Pickett’s Charge.
Topic: civil-war

Lee is depicted as a gentleman, a religious, patient, and a man of honor without vices. He is optimistic and idealistic and believes that his men are capable of doing anything. He is soft-spoken and caring to his men; however, he boldly uses his men and is ready to loose them for a worthy cause. He adopts a religious stand in the war; God is responsible for all the events in the war. Lee is portrayed as a risk taker; he takes risky and daring decisions and is often breaking rules if time is against him. Lee is easily contrasted with Longstreet, a moody man of deep emotions and strong opinions. Longstreet is full of anger and hatred of the War. He believes that the War is a mistake and contests Lee’s offensive approach. Longstreet prefers establishing a strong defensive position and letting the enemy come to him. He is not portrayed as a coward, but he basis his decisions on the War on the several years of his experience in the army. He is depicted as a total soldier who is devoted to no other cause other than victory in the War. Furthermore, he employs newer approaches in the War compared to Lee’s conventional approaches and is pained by the death of the soldiers. Thus, contrasting the two generals and their strategies in the War depict that Longstreet was a more superior general with better tactics in the War. Lee’s tactics were responsible for the death of many soldiers and the eventual loss of the War by the Confederacy.
Topic: civil-war

Lastly, Gettysburg played a significant role in the Civil War. The Gettysburg is depicted as a significant part in America’s history. Prior to the Gettysburg War, the Confederacy had won a significant number of wars. However, Gettysburg acted as a turning point for the course of the Civil War. At Gettysburg, the Union gained their first victory in the War. Consequently, they gained momentum in the War and won all the subsequent wars. The Gettysburg War depleted the two sides’ reserves for the War; it significantly decreased their ammunition and number of soldiers. The North had double, the number of soldiers as the South; additionally, it was more industrialized compared to the South. Thus, the North eventually lost the War due to the lack of resources. This contrasted any other war that had been fought prior to the Gettysburg War.
Topic: civil-war

As tensions between the North and the South rose on the issues of slavery and states’ rights, numerous compromises were proposed to ease the conflict. Such compromises included the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Crittenden Compromise. These compromises had intentions of defining where slavery was permitted and clarifying states’ rights. They were only temporary fixes to a more pressing issue. Between the Missouri Compromise and the Crittenden Compromise, a series of events changed the political atmosphere of the United States and prevented any more compromises on the institution of slavery from being passed.
Topic: civil-war

California sought to be admitted to the Union as a free state, and the Wilmot Proviso suggested that the newly acquired land from the Mexican War was to be free as well. The South was concerned that admission of more free states would offset the balance of representation in Congress. At the same time, the Northerners feared that the revised Fugitive Slave Act was a step towards a slave power conspiracy. Prior to the revision, Northern states such as Missouri and Wisconsin passed personal liberty laws that ultimately nullified the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793.
Topic: civil-war

The U. S. Supreme Court ruling of Prigg v. Pennsylvania weakened the Acts of 1793 even further by asserting that States did not have to aid in the capture of runaway slaves. Eventually the Compromise of 1850 was passed in separate parts and many assumed that it would be the longstanding answer to slavery in the States. In 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act tipped the delicate balance of states’ rights in the Compromise of 1850. Senator Henry Clay proposed the notion of popular sovereignty to determine whether these States would be free or slave states.
Topic: civil-war

This consequently repealed the Missouri Compromise by allowing slavery to spread North of the Missouri Compromise latitude line if popular sovereignty called for it. Popular sovereignty led to a series of deadly confrontations, known as Bleeding Kansas, between anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery Border Ruffians. In an attempt to establish Kansas as a free state, anti-slavery organizations such as the New England Emigrant Aid Company convinced thousands of anti-slavery Northerners to settle in the new territory for the sole purpose of casting anti-slavery ballots.
Topic: civil-war

The Southerners viewed this as a threat to slavery and established their own counter movement. After the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the events that ensued, the Whig party disintegrated because the sectionalizing effects on slavery could no longer maintain a party comprised of those who were pro-slavery, anti-slavery, and indifferent to slavery. Thus, Bleeding Kansas effectively split the nation into two major political parties: the Republicans in the North and the Democrats in the South. The Republican Party was composed of former Whigs and members of other anti-slavery parties, such as the Liberty Party.
Topic: civil-war

Most members of this party were anti-slavery who held a moderate view that failed to classify them as abolitionists. They were opposed to the expansion of slavery and called for Congress to prevent the further expansion of slavery into new territories. They believed that by confining slavery to its current boundaries, it would gradually be eradicated. The formation of the Republican Party was one of the primary reasons of how the political landscape changed in the Union. Throughout this time, the North was growing rapidly due to its industrial economy.
Topic: civil-war

They had more railroad mileage, industry, income, population, and ultimately more representation in Congress. In addition, the South was subject to high tariff laws that made it very hard for southern farmers to trade internationally. The result was a strong centralized government in the North, and an agrarian culture in the South that was solely dependent on slavery. Any attack against the institution of slavery in the South could potentially disintegrate the states in the South. In 1859, this fear became a reality as John Brown, an extreme abolitionist, led a raid on at Harpers Ferry.
Topic: civil-war

Although this uprising was brought down and denounced by Northern Republicans, slave owners believed that all abolitionists and Northerners shared the same radical views as John Brown. With the emergence of new political parties and the growing support for the Republicans in the North, the campaign of 1860 was the major turning point in the political atmosphere. In May of that year, Abraham Lincoln was nominated at the Republican National Convention as the presidential candidate. The Republican platform had moderate anti-slavery views and endorsed means of promoting industry.
Topic: civil-war

The Democratic Party, on the other hand, continued to support their doctrine of popular sovereignty. However, Northern and Southern Democrats interpreted this notion independently. Northern Democrats assumed that under popular sovereignty, slavery would not expand because Free-Staters could quickly settle in the West and thereby claiming the land as free. Southern Democrats assumed the same principle, except instead of free settlers, slaveholders would be able to quickly settle in new territories with their slaves and claim the land as slave territory.
Topic: civil-war

This ultimately resulted in the schism of the Democratic Party. At two separate conventions, the Northern Democratic wing nominated Stephen Douglass and supported the doctrine of popular sovereignty, while the Southern wing nominated John Breckinridge and supported the notion that slaveholders were allowed to bring their slaves and claim the land as slave holding. To make the campaign of 1860 more complicated, another political party took its roots, namely the Constitutional Union Party. Composed of conservative members of the Whig and Know Nothing Parties, they nominated John Bell as their presidential candidate.
Topic: civil-war

This led to essentially two separate elections: Lincoln versus Douglas in the North, and Breckinridge versus Bell in the South. Perhaps the most controversial issue was the fact that although Lincoln did not appear on the ballot in most Southern states, he was declared the sixteenth President despite not carrying a single southern state. This indicated that the national political system was failing and that the South no longer had an influential role in the government. Despite Lincoln’s assurance that it was not his policy to abolish slavery, Southerners referred back to Harper’s Raid and failed to eed Lincoln’s message.
Topic: civil-war

This drastic shift in political atmosphere following the Compromise of 1850 and the 1860 Presidential election resulted in the inability to accept any compromises. The South believed they no longer had a voice in the government and believed that this would inevitably lead to the abolishment of slavery by the Northern majority in Congress. The South was dependent on slavery for income, so they could not afford to switch to a system of free labor. The Crittenden Compromise is a prime example of how a Northern, anti-slavery view rejected any compromises made by the South.
Topic: civil-war

Evidently, this led to the secession of Southern states. Northerners and Southerners were able to accept compromises made regarding slavery prior to the Presidential election of 1860. However, as the Northerner’s fear of a slave power rose so did the Southerner’s fear of a centralized government that would abolish slavery. Events like Bleeding Kansas and Harper’s Raid increased tensions between slaveholders and non-slaveholders. In the end, they realized that slavery could no longer remain issue that could be compromised on.
Topic: civil-war

In 1845, the Republic of Texas was annexed and admitted to the Union as the 28th state. Following the Mexican War, the issue of slavery in the newly acquired land caused fierce debates among politicians. Southern Democrats were heavily influenced by Manifest Destiny, and hoped acquire new slave-owning territory, while those in the North feared the rise of a Slave Power. The House of Representatives passed the Wilmot Proviso, which stated that slavery was prohibited in any territory acquired from Mexico. However, the Senate failed to pass the proviso due to an overwhelming pro-slavery opinion. wever, Senator Stephen A. Douglas passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 and consequently repealed the Missouri Compromise by allowing slavery north of the latitude line.
Topic: civil-war

This eventually gave way to the Wyandotte Constitution, which was ultimately approved by the Senate and admitted Kansas as a free state. The unfailing anti-slavery voice in Kansas Election of Lincoln (republican, northerner, antislave person) = south would lose more power in congress Less population in south = less representation Shifting political landscape any territory above this line was prohibited to have slavery. Territories south of this line were permitted to have slaves. This was evident when a compromise was made in 1860.
Topic: civil-war

The Post-Civil War era of urbanization in the United States created a number of improvements and positive results that outweighed the negative aspects of the time. The country witnessed an increase in population, a better public school system, and increased social reform movements. During urbanization, the population of the United States rose. In 1860, none of America’s cities had a million citizens but by 1890, New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia all had more than one million inhabitants. With a population of approximately 3.
Topic: civil-war

5 million people, New York became the second largest city in the world. A wave of immigration from Europe contributed to the increase in population. These “New Immigrants” came from eastern European nations such as Italy, Greece, and Poland. The increase in population allowed for the increase in other sections of society. As the population increased, the need for education also rose. The number of public high schools in America grew between the 1880s and the 1890s. The idea that a free government could not function successfully with uneducated and ignorant people became more widely accepted.
Topic: civil-war

Colleges became increasingly necessary and schools designed for training teachers expanded. Education was greatly helped by the Morrill Act of 1862 which granted public lands to the states for support of education, many of which became state universities. Urbanization and the population boom allowed for education to greatly increase. The problems surrounding the immigrant and working class helped awaken a new social reform movement. Jane Adams was a college-educated reformer against war and poverty. In 1889, she established the Hull House as a settlement house to help immigrants.
Topic: civil-war

More settlement houses were established and used as centers for activism and social reform. In 1893, the Hull House successfully lobbied for an Illinois anti-sweatshop law to protect women workers and prohibit child labor. Urbanization after the Civil War helped to reawaken the Social Reform movements in America. Urbanization helped the United States of America rebound after the Civil War. The Population boom, growing education, and social reforms were all beneficial results that changed the nation.
Topic: civil-war

Though there were some negative aspects of urbanization, the good results outweighed the bad. Kaitlyn Lucas Ms. Rizzo AP United States History B February 10, 2014 Urbanization Cons The post-Civil War age of urbanization had terrible effects on the nation as a whole. The good aspects of urbanization were not worth the bad aspects that accompanied them. The United States of America faced new problems. Urbanization led to pollution and waste production, and a disturbance in rural America. People who lived in the country produced very little waste.
Topic: civil-war

They used and renewed the resources at their disposal. Once urbanization began to pick up and new businesses such as Sears began to package things in throwaway bottles, boxes, bags, and cans, getting rid of waste became a problem. Pollution became a real problem in cities and sanitary facilities could not keep up with the waste produced by the booming population. The cities were filled with a permanent stench due to impure water, uncollected garbage, unwashed bodies, and animal droppings. Urbanization removed and replaced many jobs, particularly those in agriculture.
Topic: civil-war

Farmers were drawn from their fields and moved to cities to work in factories. Rural America was declining and giving way to the rise of urban America. Local general stores were replaced by large chain department stores such as Macy’s. The era of urbanization increased the division between classes. The Wealthy lived in suburban mansions and the poor lived in dirty slums, many struggling to survive. Urbanization created mass waste production, and the decline in rural America. Any good that came out of post-Civil War urbanization, was overshadowed by the negative aspects of the time period.
Topic: civil-war

The Reds won the Civil War for many reasons, but some are specifically more important than others. Some factors such as… Geographical advantage  Strong leadership Unity and organisation  Support Paragraph 1 (Short) (6 mins) The geographical advantage of the Reds helped them with the Civil war because it provided them with military benefits that the Whites did not have. Geographical Factors  Reds: Held central area of Western Russia – Moscow + Petrograd = population for conscription  Whites: Scattered amongst Russia.
Topic: civil-war

Unity + Organisation  Whites: Some members were liberal and just satisfied with the returning of the Provisional government  Whites: The generals distrusted each other > Didn’t communicate with each other about attacks > bases already far apart Reds: Conscription was introduced and Trotsky hand picked loyal soldiers > army increased from 100,000 to 500,000 by August 1918  Reds: January 1920 5 million men enlisted > former Tsarist officers held with blackmail  The result?
Topic: civil-war

Whites: Aided landlords to gain lost land (lost support from peasants)  Whites: Once peasants conscripted  Brutal discipline = want democracy more  The result? : Better army and more support = victory Paragraph 4 (6mins) Another factor that meant the Reds won the Civil war was because of the amount support they gained in Russia. Support  Reds: gained support through repression and reform Repression: Cheka, grain requisitioning,  Reform: Propaganda, VIK peasant representation of villages in dealings with central government.
Topic: civil-war

Briefly mention former Tsarist commanders (blackmail)  Whites: Had foreign aid from France, Japan and USA. Was half hearted and some troops sympathised with Reds. Whites: Peasant soldiers often switched sides, as they were not happy with White’s declaration of returning land back to landlords.  The result? : Had committed troops who fought for them, ensuing in a better army. Conclusion (10) To conclude, I think the main reason as to why the Reds won the Civil war was because of their enemy’s disunity and their lack of support.
Topic: civil-war

The White’s became infamous for their terror they brought. Estimated 100,000 – 150,000 Jews in Ukraine and southern Russia were killed in pogroms.  Result? Loss of support  Reds managed to gain 48,000-experienced Tsarist officers  Compare with Whites and their unorganised efforts Effect of good army?  Reds: Ensure loyalty of officers and men, political commissars attached to provide ‘political education’. Whites? Less loyalty  Disunity?  Campaign example Why did the Reds win the Civil War in 1920 Essay Plan.
Topic: civil-war

In 1861 throughout the beginning of the American Civil War, an occurrence happened which, under normal scenarios, would have been a minor diplomatic and political event between the United States and Great Britain. Since the incident, understood as the “Trent Affair” took place during among the most precarious and unpredictable durations in American history, the capacity for global crisis and, in reality, world war loomed for several weeks while American and British diplomats worked to avert disaster.
Topic: civil-war

Due to the fact that the Union had actually enforced a blockade on Confederate ports, the interception of the Trent was undertaken by the American cruiser under the auspices of the formal blockade. Aboard the Trent were two Confederate diplomats bound for England to work for the securing of British acknowledgment of the Confederate nation. Due to the ensuing climate after the First Battle of Bull-Run which was deemed a frustrating military triumph by the Confederacy, conditions were seen as ripe for the earning of global acknowledgment and maybe even British intervention in the American Civil War which would choose a favorable outcome for the Confederacy (“Trent Affair,” 2007).
Topic: civil-war

79) from the British ship. Although Captain Wilkes was commonly related to by the Northern American population as having actually acted as a patriot, his actions “created a global affair, whose dimensions he did not foresee. The rash officer had actually brought the sorely beset Union to the verge of foreign war versus the primary naval power on the planet” (Rawley, 1989, p. 80) and the potential for catastrophe could not have been higher offered the Union’s already rare revealing militarily in the dispute with the South.
Topic: civil-war

Meanwhile, the diplomats and their secretaries were “taken to Boston, where they were interned in Fort Warren. This act was strictly opposed to the laws of the sea as they had been previously upheld by the United States, since Wilkes did not seize the vessel and bring it in for admiralty adjudication but merely exercised search and seizure of the men” (“Trent Affair,” 2007) and in fact, Wilkes failure to seize the British vessel was a violation of international law.
Topic: civil-war

Of course, the British responded in haste and with a touch of anger; they “drafted a sharp note to the U.S. government[…] they demanded the release of the commissioners and an explanation. A seven-day limit was set for reply” (“Trent Affair,” 2007). Such an outcome would have proven critical to the Union. Furthermore, Britain “decided to ostentatiously make war preparations and announced an embargo on exports of saltpetre, the main ingredient of gunpowder, to America” (Putnis, 2004) so it was obvious that the British meant to take the incident quite seriously.
Topic: civil-war

Obviously, war with Great Britain was unthinkable from the Union perspective. President Lincoln had to grapple with the irony that the minor incident at sea would influence the outcome of the Civil War, the “affair threatened to have explosive repercussions, for it could cause an Anglo-American war that might lead not only to a defeat for the Union but to the additional calamity of Southern independence (Jones, 1992, p. 85) so Lincoln’s response had to be swift and decisive. By the end of December, Lincoln convened a “cabinet meeting […] led to a decision to send to Britain a note by Seward disavowing Wilkes’s act and promising to release the prisoners.
Topic: civil-war

They were released in Jan., 1862, and probable war with Great Britain was averted (“Trent Affair,” 2007). The overwhelming lesson to be gleaned from the incident was one of international diplomacy and public relations, balancing the patriotic fervor which was needed, in the North, to fight the civil-war and the equally important need of maintaining a dignified and responsible standing in world political affairs, and by doing so, helping to deny the South international recognition and — even worse from the Union perspective, political and military aid or outright foreign intervention.
Topic: civil-war

The Ghost Dance movement symbolized the syncretism, or blending together, of white and Indian ways. The dance drew on Christian and native elements, spreading from reservation to reservation across the West and alarmed many local whites. On December 29, 1890, at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota, U.S. Army soldiers massacred 150 Lakota Sioux people. The soldiers feared that the Ghost Dance would provoke war uniting Indian communities.
Topic: civil-war

As a pivotal point in our nation’s history, the civil war holds a special fascination in the land and minds of the American people. It was a war entirely fought by Americans, often dividing families and even brothers against brothers. The American civil war was unforgettable. It was fought between the United States of America and the Southern slave states of the nearly formed confederate state of America under Jefferson Davis. The Civil War made really a tragic long lasting effect on a family unit of that period.
Topic: civil-war

This situation for city women was much more difficult (.netplaces.com). The painting from the article of war sprits at home by Lily Martin Spencer shows that she herself is sitting in the kitchen with her children and a servant. Lacking an adult male figure, the painting reflects the absence of men in the home during this period in American history. The painting from the article of war sprits at home by Lily Martin Spencer shows that she herself is sitting in the kitchen with her children and a servant. Lacking an adult male figure, the painting reflects the absence of men in the home during this period in American history.
Topic: civil-war

Northern families lost a great many loved ones over the course of war and experienced their share of problems and grief, but southern families suffered far more. Many southern towns and cities were destroyed and the impact on the confederate civilian population was enormous in all eras (netplace.com). Most people and families in the south led the pastoral life, organized around agricultural activities. Many people in south had no slaves or very few, so all the man does physical labor. Due to war, families lost their able-bodied man, which had changed the condition of family that women had to do all the work in the house and farms to keep farms functioning with the other works such as cleaning, making and fixing cloths, and raising the children (civilwar.org). As war went on, people also started suffering from hunger.
Topic: civil-war

With confederate troops, to feed and burning all the remaining food, combined with the lack of available rail transportation which was being use by war efforts. They also suffered from the lack of goods as all the industries and factories were busy preparing the goods for civil war. As many men and sons were forced to leave their house they were not able to concentrate in the war. Handwritten letters were the main form of communication between soldiers and their relatives during civil war. Soldiers became desperate to hear from their families and for news from home. They even gladly read each other’s letters just to hear about familiar places and everyday situations; anything to take their mind off the war and their struggles. Robert T. Tallman, wrote to William Brown, with an interesting suggestion as a possible means to encourage more communication (ozarkscivilwar.org). “I have not had a letter for two weeks what is our folks doing. tell them I am dead and maybe they will send for my bounty and wages, and I will hear from them that way if no other.”( Robert T. Tallman letter to William Brown – February 11, 1865).
Topic: civil-war

Civil war had the same impact on northern families. White families in Virginia first confronted the war’s impact with the enlistments of their male kin. To provide food and protect families, men were pulled away from their loved ones to serve in the confederate army. As one Virginia solider put his duty in the war encompassed “the defense of our country, our liberty and the protection of our parent, wives, children, and all that is dear to a man” (encylopediavirginia.org). 50 percent of the male enlisted from Virginia tried to help both families and the confederacy. But it was of no use. Wives, daughters, sisters, and other female kin assumed much of the work normally pursued by men- managing plantation, harvesting crops, running business. This pressure took toll on women. “We felt like clinging to Walter and holding him back”, wrote one Virginia woman in reaction to a family member’s enlistment. “I was sick of war, sick of the butchery, the anguish” (encylopediavirginia.org).
Topic: civil-war

Often soldiers tries to maintain their role in family through home letters, but their correspondence proved an imperfect surrogate when the mail, disrupted by war, was slow in coming. Some women also tried to bring their men home by filing petition with the confederate secretary of war for a man’s exemption, or by urging a soldier to desert the army, which were often unsuccessful and so the women has to wait for her man until the war end or sometimes she never gets to see him. These lines from the letter were included in the Civil War diary of Samuel Bennett, a Daviess County native who fought for the Union Army. In it, Bennett’s mother expresses her worries about his welfare.
Topic: civil-war

“Wilson I dreamed last night that you had come home you may be sure that I was sorry when I waked and found it was a dere dream Wilson the crop is in tolerable good order you father commensed mowing yesterday and Amas thought he could mow and your father concluded that he might to get it he does very well Wilson we will get your janes today and if you want a pair of everyday pants I want you to let me know and I will make them and bring them if we get to come and if not I will send them I hope we will get to come yet I must bring my broken lines to a close by saing I hope that it will not bee long till we see each others face Write as soon as this comes to hand I remain your devoted and loving mother untill death”(ket.org).
Topic: civil-war

Political divisions sometimes compounded the separation experienced by families. Regions with high unionist concentrations, witnessed the division of house members against each other-pitting father against son, husband against wife, and sometimes brother against brother. John fee wrote in his autobiography that “The next morning just as I was about starting back to my home, my father said to me, “Julett is here on my premises, and I will sell her before sundown if I can.” I turned to him and said, “Father, I am now that woman’s only guardian……….. yet if you sell that woman, I will prosecute you for so doing, as sure as you are a man.”(ket.org)
Topic: civil-war

Civil war had made a enormous effect on the family life. Many lost their loved ones and very few got their loved ones back. Thus the civil war era was very hard for every women, men, and child. To claim that the Civil War was unlike any war before or since is an argument this overlooks many of the continuities of time displayed in a history of warfare. Certainly it can be claimed to be the first type of war in several of its features, but entirely different isolates it from this history and leaves out very important aspects of it.
Topic: civil-war

considers himself and his family lucky. He, his wife, Maria, and three of their four children are alive. He even has maintained possession of his old bicycle, which he puts to use as a taxi. His taxi service allows him to make money, and within two weeks, he has earned ? 50. Jonathan then travels to Enugu, the capital city, and finds to his great surprise and delight his house still standing, even though some nearby structures are reduced to a pile of rubble from the war. The house needs some repairs, so Jonathan immediately collects available materials: zinc, wood, and cardboard. He hires a carpenter to complete the work and soon moves his family back home. The entire family works hard to earn money and rebuild their lives.
Topic: civil-war

The Gettysburg Address is a speech that was made by the late President of the United States of America, President Abraham Lincoln. This is one of the speeches that have been mostly or frequently quoted in the history of the United States of America. The Gettysburg address was given by the President when he was taking part in a ceremony which was to mark the dedication of the new cemetery which would be used to inter the soldiers who died in the battle, in Gettysburg in Pennsylvania.
Topic: civil-war

In a span of a short period; precisely above two minutes after he began to deliver, Abraham Lincoln had already invoked the principles of human equality (Woodward, Susan L. , 1995). He exposed this by the declaration of independence and this re-defined the civil war as a struggle not merely or solely for the union but “as a new birth of freedom”. According to Abraham Lincoln this was to be a real freedom, an everlasting one, the one that would eventually lead to the emergence of true equality to all of the citizens.
Topic: civil-war

This concern of freedom came at time when the southern part of the United States was strongly pushing for the maintenance of slavery because they saw the benefits of cheap labor that came in from the African slaves. Lincoln measured his success by the existence of freedom that would also create a unified nation in which the rights of the states were not dominant anymore (Brown, Michael E. , 1998). Beginning with the phrase that since has become an iconic one “Four scores and seven years ago…” Lincoln deeply described the events of the civil war, as he additionally described the ceremony two tings of which he achieved almost simultaneously.
Topic: civil-war

He referred to the events of the civil war and described the ceremony at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania as an opportunity not only to consecrate, dedicate or sanctify the grounds of the cemetery but also to dedicate the living. Apart from the fact that the speech has always had a prominent place in the history and the popular culture of The United States of America, the exact wording of the speech is disputed in that several copies of the speech reproduced by different parties have differed in details (Henriksen, Margot A, 1997).
Topic: civil-war

For instance, the five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg address differ in a number of details and equally differ from contemporary reprints of the speech. The five manuscript copies are each named for the associated person who received it directly from the President then. Each one of the secretaries who served the President obtained a copy from him; this was briefly before he delivered the address. Out of the five remained therefore three copies that remained held by Bancroft, Everet and Bliss. Lincoln drafted these pieces of work.
Topic: civil-war

This was partially because Lincoln provided a title, signed and dated the Bliss copy, this copy has therefore become the standard text of Lincoln’s Gettysburg address (Lincoln, Abraham, 2003). Despite the differences in the details of the address, it would be a real worth if I gave a draft of the address after which I would discuss the factors that led to the delivery of the address and the after effects. On June 1, 1865, Senator Charles issued a comment concerning the speech that had been delivered by the President. This speech seems to be the most popular of all the others that he ever made.
Topic: civil-war

When he was giving the brief history concerning the late slain President the Senator emphasized greatly on the kind respect he had for this speech. In his speech, Charles concluded that the president never expected much from the speech. The civil war was considered as having less importance compared to the address delivered (Gramm, Kent, 2001). In order to get well the matter in question, it would really be logical to know something extra about the speech or rather the address, which had been delivered by the late President of the United States of America.