ktmeng/mec huggingface dataset:
Topic: identity

In conceptualizing the varieties of cyber crime, it is helpful to divide them into three categories offered by Marc Goodman: crimes in which the computer is the target of the criminal ac­tivity, crimes in which the computer is a tool used to commit the crime, and crimes in which the use of the computer is an incidental aspect of the commission of the crime.[9] When a computer is the target of criminal activity, the perpetrator attacks an innocent user’s computer or computer system either by gaining unlawful access to it or by bombarding it from outside.
Topic: identity

Cybercrimes that fall into this category include simple hacking (gaining access to a computer system or part of a computer system without autho­rization) and aggravated hacking (gaining access to a computer system or part of a computer system without authorization for the purpose of committing a crime such as copying or altering information in the system). The target cybercrimes also include denial of service attacks and the dissemination of viruses, worms and other types of malware. The cyber crimes in this cate­gory tend to be “new” crimes and therefore generally require new legislation.
Topic: identity

A computer or computer system can also be the in­strument that is used to commit what is essentially a traditional crime. Cybercrimes in which a computer is the tool used to carry out criminal activity include online fraud, theft, embezzlement, stalking and harass­ment, forgery, obstruction of justice and the creation or dissemination of child pornography. These are conven­tional crimes, but it may be difficult to prosecute online versions of these crimes using existing substantive law; a jurisdiction’s theft statute may not, for example, en­compass a “theft” of intangible property when the theft consists of copying the property, instead of appropri­ating it entirely. In State v. Schwartz, Oregon State of Appeal held that “…by copying the passwords, defendant stripped them of their value.”[10] Jurisdictions may therefore find it necessary to amend their existing substantive criminal law to ensure that it can be used against these cyber crime variants of tradi­tional crimes.
Topic: identity

The last category consists of cyber crimes in which the use of a computer or computer system is incidental to the commission of the crime. This category includes, for example, instances in which a murderer uses a com­puter to plan a murder or lure the victim to the murder scene; it can also include a blackmailer’s using a com­puter to write extortion letters to his victim or a drug dealer’s using a computer to monitor his sales, inventory and profits. Here, the computer is merely a source of evidence and new substantive criminal legislation is generally not needed. The cases in this category can, however, require new law to resolve procedural issues such as the processes used in gathering evidence of cyber crimes.
Topic: identity

The basic federal cyber crime provision is 18 U.S. Code § 1030; among other things, it criminalizes hacking, cracking, computer fraud and the dissemination of viruses, worms and other types of malware. The statute accomplishes this by directing its prohi­bitions at conduct that targets a “protected computer” and then defining “protected computer” as a computer encompassed by federal jurisdiction.[11] Section 1030 defined a “protected computer” as either (a) a computer used exclusively by a financial institution or the federal government or used nonexclusively by a financial institution or the federal govern­ment if the conduct constituting the crime affects its use by the financial institution or federal government; or (b) a computer used in interstate or foreign commerce or communication.[12] The notion of basing the statute’s prohibitions on conduct directed at a “protected computer” was introduced when § 1030 was amended in 1996; until then, it criminalized con­duct that was directed at “federal interest computers,” i.e., computers used by the federal government or lo­cated in more than one state.[13]
Topic: identity

The 1996 amendment broadened § 1030’s reach; it now encompasses conduct directed at any computer con­nected to the Internet. In 2001, the Patriot Act amended § 1030 to make it clear that the statute can be used to prosecute criminal conduct which occurred outside the United States, a position the Department of Justice had long taken, for instance in case United States v. Ivanov. The Patriot Act expanded the definition of a protected computer to include com­puters used in interstate or foreign commerce that are located outside the United States if they are “used in a manner that affects interstate or foreign commerce or communication of the United States.”[14]
Topic: identity

In order to address the problems in regulation of online environment more effectively, this paper aims to focus on several most problematic aspects of the issue – copyright violations, child pornography and identity theft or credit card fraud. Defined by Culberg, copyright is “a legal device giving the author (or holder of the copy­right) the exclusive right to control the reproduction of his or her intellectual creation” for a specific period of time.[15] Copyright law in the United States derives from the U.S. Constitution and is therefore exclusively federal; states do not have the authority to legislate in this area.[16] Defenses to a charge of criminal copyright infringe­ment are, first, that the offense cannot be prosecuted be­cause the five year statute of limitations has run.[17]
Topic: identity

Other defenses are the “first sale” doctrine and an argument that the defendant did not act “will­fully.” The first sale doctrine lets one who purchased a copyrighted work freely distribute the copy she bought.[18] Under the doctrine, however, the purchaser can only distribute the copy she bought; she cannot copy the purchased item and distribute the copies.[19] Since most computer software is distributed through licensing agreements, the first sale doctrine typically does not apply when someone is charged with software piracy.[20] With regard to the claim that a defendant did not act “willfully,” there is some ambiguity as what is required to show “willfulness.” Courts disagree as to whether it requires an “intent to copy or intent to infringe.”[21]
Topic: identity

The newest weapon in the federal arsenal of copy­right statutes is the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which added two sections to title 17 of the U.S. Code. Section 1201 makes it unlawful to circumvent measures used to protect copyrighted works, while § 1202 makes it unlawful to tamper with copyright management in­formation. Another new section, 17 U.S. Code § 1204, creates criminal penalties for violating either sections 1201 or 1202 of the DMCA. The first criminal prosecu­tion under the DMCA was filed in 2001 against Dmitry Sklyarov, a Russian citizen, and his employer, Elcom­soft, Ltd.[22] They were charged with violating 17 U.S. Code § 1201(b) (l) (A), by trafficking in technology designed to circumvent the rights of a copyright owner, and with violating 17 U.S. Code § 1201(b) (l) (C), by trafficking in technol­ogy marketed for use in circumventing technology that protects the rights of a copyright owner.
Topic: identity

Another area that is a high priority in federal com­puter crime prosecutions is child pornography. To un­derstand the current state of the law outlawing child pornography, it is necessary to understand the First Amendment, which states, in part, that Congress is to make “no law …abridging the freedom of speech.” The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this part of the First Amendment as prohibiting the criminalization of any but a very few limited categories of speech: “[T]he First Amendment bars the government from dictating what we see or read or speak or hear. The freedom of speech has its limits; it does not embrace certain cat­egories of speech, including defamation, incitement, obscenity, and pornography produced with real chil­dren.”[23]
Topic: identity

From the critical as well statistical perspective, child pornography appears a relatively recent addi­tion to the list. However, the rise of com­puter technology raised concerns about “virtual” child pornography, i.e., pornography created using morphed or other artificial images of children, and in 1996 Congress adopted the Child Pornography Prevention Act, codified as 18 U.S. Code § 2251. This Act extended the prohibitions on manufacturing, possess­ing and distributing child pornography to encompass pornography that featured not only “real” children but what “appeared” to be a real child.[24] In 2001, a coalition of free speech advocates challenged these provisions of the federal child pornography statutes; they argued that because no “real” children are harmed in the creation of “virtual” child pornography, it does not fall under a category of speech that cannot constitutionally be criminalized.[25]
Topic: identity

D Hope and ‘The Window’- a short story by Pham Thi Hoai. Our identities are always subject to change as it is strongly linked to our ever- changing surroundings. This concept of identity is reinforced in The Death of the Bird by A. D Hope through the shift in the mood of the poem. The poet’s diction as he depicts the migrating journey of the bird as it travels through the ‘warm passage to the cooling station’ and is ‘sure and safely guided by ‘love’ emphasises the bird’s strong emotional ties to the place where it belongs creating safe and comfortable mood.
Topic: identity

Similarly in The Window, the unstable nature of identity is evident through the narrator’s changing self-identity. Much like the Bird, the narrator in The Window has a strong connection to the place where she belongs. She is always looking out her ‘magic ever-changing window, rotating like a Rubik cube’. Through the comparison of her environment to a Rubik cube- a puzzle that can only be solved through the constant change of its state- Hoai is stating that the narrator’s environment is also in a constant state of change.
Topic: identity

This unstable nature of her environment reflects on the narrator’s own identity. Towards the end of the story when a man appears close to the window the narrator longs to ‘caress a man closely hugged to my chest, breathing in the smell of the opposite sex’. The sensory image created through the stimulation of the touch and smell senses evokes romantic feeling proving that the narrator is in fact a romantic or at least longs for a romance of some kind. This contrasts her previous statement that she is ‘violently allergic to any notion of romanticism’.
Topic: identity

The constant exposure to her changing environment has caused this shift in the narrator’s identity. Your identity is formed through your identification with significant people and places in your life. This idea of identity is explored by Hope throughout The Death of the Bird as for the bird ‘being home, memory becomes a passion with which she feed her brood and straws her nest’. The motherly imagery of the Bird suggests that her identification to her home is as strong as a mother’s love portraying the bird passionate character.
Topic: identity

This results in the loss of her connection to the land as ‘the invisible thread is broken as she flies’ eventually shifting her identity forever when ‘the great earth receives the tiny burden of her death’. Through the eventual loss of the bird’s identity we can see that people need a strong connection with both their place and people in order for their identities to fully develop and thrive. The Window also reflects this concept of identity. The window in the story serves as microcosm of the narrator’s surroundings, becoming everything she interacts with.
Topic: identity

Pham This Hoai illustrates the narrator’s meticulous examination of people and ‘their identity, their occupation, age, blood type appearances, whether they are gross or slender, good citizens or outlaws’ through a discounting list to reflect that even though all these things are part of what people see, they are not important aspects of their identity and ‘none of this is important to her [me]’ as they are all embodied in what one can see. Instead the author shows a deeper interest in their capacity to love which is not always apparent.
Topic: identity

However, through the lack of dialogue and personal relations the narrator has it is evident that, much like the bird, she struggles to connect to the people that surround her. This also lead to her ultimate down fall as is suggested by the change in tense at the very end of the story, ‘Apart from a crumpled cigarette he was also holding a bicycle pump… This afternoon he is bound to come again. ’ The melancholic mood is created through signifying that the narrator continues to wait at the window and maybe for eternity suggests that she will never be able to have the connection she so longs to have.
Topic: identity

Explained by Balmer and Soenen (1999). The International Corporate Identity Group (ICIG), therefore, came up with a statement of corporate identity, The Strathclyde Statement, to describe it. Please refer to Appendix B for the ICIG statement. A commonality between all attempts to define corporate identity, as well as, The Strathclyde Statement, indicates its characteristics which are concluded to be: 1. Collective. 2. Central. 3. Enduring. 4. Identifying of corporate. 5. Manageable. 6. Manifested by corporate-level strategy (vision and mission). 7. Affecting corporate image and affected by corporate image. Can be a source of competitive advantage.
Topic: identity

From a orporate communication paradigm, Birkigt & Stadler (1986) in (Balmer, 1998) have introduced corporate identity mix that focuses on the means by which corporate identity is communicated. Their mix includes corporate personality, behaviour, communication, and symbolism. Birkigt & Stadler mix has been given a good deal of attention by many authors (van Riel, 1995; Balmer, 1998; van Rekom, 1997). Communication is considered an important factor in shaping corporate identity, where it is stated that messages are communicated through behaviour of organization members (Balmer & van Riel, 1997).
Topic: identity

In 1995, Schmidt’s mix was introduced; it adds external environmental factors and also includes corporate culture to the corporate identity mix. It is composed of corporate culture, corporate behaviour, market condition and strategies, product and services, and communication ; design. Melewar ; Karaosmangolu (2006) suggest a “seven dimensions” construct for corporate identity that is very similar to Schmidt’s mix. These are corporate culture, corporate behaviour, and corporate communication, corporate structure, corporate strategy, corporate design, and industry identity.
Topic: identity

Balmer and Soenen (1999) have proposed a corporate identity mix that is composed of three of the human senses; these are soul, mind, and voice, see figure 1. The mind is the vision and philosophy, strategy, products and services, corporate performance, brand architecture, and corporate ownership, the soul consists of values, cultures, employee affinity, and internal images, and the voice consists of the corporate uncontrolled communication, controlled communication, symbolism, personnel and corporate behaviour, and indirect (external/ third party) communication.
Topic: identity

Figure [ 1 ] [ 1 ] Corporate Identity Mix – Adopted from [ (Balmer & Soenen, 1999)] Corporate culture Corporate culture was devoted proper attention since the early stages in expanding the corporate identity concept beyond the visual identity (Baker & Balmer, 1997; Hatch & Schultz, 1997; Stuart, 1999; Dowling, 1986; Markwick & Fill, 1997; Stuart, 1999; Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006). Culture epitomises the consensus within a company about how activities should be accomplished and is conceived as a result of a group’s shared experience and learning with respect to atters of external adaptation and internal integration” (Schein, 1985) in (Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006). It is therefore, represented in the shared values and beliefs among corporate members and also includes corporate philosophy, mission, and subcultures (Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006).
Topic: identity

Dowling (1986) puts corporate culture on the same ontological level as corporate identity and argues that culture, identity, and image are related components of a system that defines organizations, while Markwick & Fill (1997) consider corporate culture as part of corporate personality, which directly influence the corporate identity. Bernstein (1984) considers corporate personality as the total characteristics that generate corporate identity. Abratt and Shee (1989) agree to the ame opinion and consider these characteristics as the totality of behavioural and intellectual characteristics of the corporate.
Topic: identity

Melewar & Karaosmangolu (2006) found that culture is usually communicated to stakeholders through employees’ behaviour. Therefore, culture can be considered as a context in which employees’ behaviour is formulated (Stuart, 1999). Corporate Behaviour Many commentators suggest that the actions of a corporation are a fundamental element of its identity (Balmer & van Riel, 1997; Hatch & Schultz, 1997; Kiriakidou & Millward, 2000; Topalian, 1984; Olins, 1995).
Topic: identity

While Balmer & Soenen (1998) consider behaviour as part of the voice in their categorization, Melewar & Jenkins (2002) gives more attention to the behaviour as described by “the body language”. Behaviour is one of the most important aspects in corporate identity since corporate identity is rooted in the behaviour of its members (Balmer & van Riel, 1997). This importance comes from the fact that behaviour can be an important media to communicate messages to different stakeholders (Melewar & Jenkins, 2002). Olins (1995) contends that everything that corporate does or ay communicates.
Topic: identity

Therefore, it is important to align employees’ behaviour totality or the corporate behaviour with the values, philosophies and communication to effectively contribute toward building the targeted identity. Van Rekom (1997) argues that actions that are deliberate are more important than spontaneous ones. Markwick & Fill (1997) argues that the visual cues can be misleading; they rely on other cues such as behaviour, communication, and values to understand corporate identity. It is important, then, to indicate that corporate behaviour has to e managed and aligned with the messages communicated by corporate to enforce its identity.
Topic: identity

Management behaviour is an important aspect of behaviour since the former are more exposed to stakeholders. Hatch and Schultz (1997) argue that identity and image are influenced by the management behaviour. Melewar & Jenkins (2002) argue that management behaviour should be consistent with the values and vision of the organization not to create confusion or communicate faulty messages. Van Rekom (1997) emphasizes the importance of centrality in corporate identity and suggests that employees’ efforts and behaviour should collaborate owards confirming the organization goals and objectives.
Topic: identity

Controlled Communication Ind (1992) describes corporate communications as the “process which translates corporate identity into image”. Where Ind include uncontrolled communication in his definition, van Riel (1995) distinguishes between controlled and uncontrolled communication in his definition of corporate communication as “an instrument of management by means of which all consciously used forms of internal and external communications are harmonized as effectively and efficiently as possible, so as to create a favourable basis for relationships upon which the company is dependent”.
Topic: identity

Controlled communication can be classified to include management communication, marketing communication, and organizational communication; which are controlled type of communication (van Riel, 1995). Management communication is vital in communicating the corporate objectives and goals to employees (Melewar & Jenkins, 2002). It is defined as an attempt to “communicate the vision and mission of the company in order to establish a favourable image and ultimately a good reputation amongst its internal and external stakeholders” (Olins, 1989).
Topic: identity

Marketing ommunication is generally associated with the 4Ps of product, price, place and promotion, and is aimed at supporting the sales of an organisation’s products or services. Marketing communication include, advertising, public relation activities and direct marketing. Van Riel (1995) puts organizational communication as the one with stakeholders that has an interdependent relationship with the organization; this includes internal and external stakeholders. Uncontrolled Communication Cornelissen (2000) contends that perceived corporate identity is formed by controlled and uncontrolled communication.
Topic: identity

Olins (1995) and Balmer (1995) agree on that everything the organization does or say communicates. Uncontrolled communication usually occurs by organization’s members dealing with external stakeholders (Moingeon & Ramanantsoa, 1997). It can be concluded that uncontrolled communication mainly occurs through behaviour; therefore, behaviour of corporate members should be aligned with corporate philosophies, values and strategies as mentioned earlier. Melewar & Karaosmangolu (2006) suggest that the corporate members’ commitment to the corporate values and goals will reduce the negative uncontrolled communication.
Topic: identity

A dynamic interrelationship between culture and communication (controlled and uncontrolled) can be concluded from the earlier argument. Corporate culture is usually communicated through employees’ behaviour (uncontrolled communication) (Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006). Corporate Design Corporate design is consisted of the organisation’s name, slogan, logotype and symbol, colour and typography (Melewar & Saunders, 1998). Bernstein (1986) and Dowling (1986) consider the messages communicated through the symbol have more value than the symbol itself.
Topic: identity

Therefore, it is the communication done by the ymbol that makes the visual identity important to corporate identity. Melewar and Saunders (1998) attest on the importance of visual identity of corporation in influencing purchase decisions by consumers due to the rapid change in technology. The visual manifestation of corporate identity can communicate the corporate values and support the other forms of communication (Baker & Balmer, 1997). Melewar & Karaosmangolu (2006) also found that the slogan has powerful effect on stakeholders’ perceptions of the organizations.
Topic: identity

Structure Corporate structure is fundamental component of corporate identity (Olins, 1986; Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006). Brand structure Organizations develop branding strategies in order to distinguish itself from competitors (Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006). Olins (1986) have introduced three different brand structures: 1 . Monolithic structure: in this structure, the corporate uses consistent design and name. 2. Endorsed structure: where the names and designs of the subsidiaries are associated with the parent corporate. 3.
Topic: identity

Branded structure: indicates that the design and name of the parent company is less exposed to customers and different products have separate brands. Organisational Structure Organizational structure refers to the hierarchy in the organization, lines of reporting and communication. The degree autonomy of the managers is determined by the degree of centralization within the organization’s structure. The more decentralize the structure is, the more autonomy managers have, (Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006) which may lead to the emergence of new brand structure (Olins, 1986).
Topic: identity

Strategy All literature reviewed has made a link between corporate identity and strategy. There are different views on the relationship between corporate identity and trategy. The first view indicates that strategy provides a context to encapsulate corporate identity (Markwick & Fill, 1997; Stuart, 1999). The second view argues that as corporate identity encapsulates corporate values and mission and vision, it makes a reference point for the corporate strategy (Balmer & Greyser, 2009).
Topic: identity

He (2006) suggests a dynamic interrelationship between corporate identity and strategy which can be bidirectional. He (2006) suggests that corporate identity and strategy should have a big enough gap to allow change and enough alignment to maintain onsistency. Melewar & Karaosmangolu (2006) have highlighted two strategy types that are: Differentiation Strategy Differentiation strategy is the aspect of the corporate strategy that focus on the corporate strength and competitive advantage which is linked to the basic identity of the corporate (Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006).
Topic: identity

Positioning strategy Positioning strategy which is, according to Melewar & Karaosmangolu (2006), linked to the desired identity for the corporate. Corporate identity management Several models were introduced by academics to manage corporate identity. In the following sections, some of these models are described and analysed. Kennedy (1977) Kennedys model has focused on the creation of a positive corporate image (See Figure 2). She has realised the ability to influence corporate image through behavioural projections of the company.
Topic: identity

Also, there was no mentioning of visual identity of the corporate, as we know it is part of the corporate identity mix. Although her model hasn’t handled corporate identity in its new shape, her model was a starting point for several further models. Kennedys model main contribution was her awareness of the ability to influence corporate image based on corporate reality and behaviour. Figure [ 1 ] [2] Kennedy model for managing corporate image – Adopted from Stuart (1999) Dowling (1986) As seen in Figure 3, Dowling has elaborated on the role of communication in forming image of the corporate.
Topic: identity

Figure [ 1 ] [3] Dowling model for managing corporate image – Adopted from Stuart (1999) In the conception of corporate culture, Dowling has dealt with culture as a determinant where he placed it at the same level with identity (Hatch & Schultz, 1997). However, Hatch and Schultz didn’t share the same opinion with Dowling where they have considered culture as a context of identity rather than being a determinant. Also Dowlings model were criticised for his underestimation of the role f management communication in influencing employees’ behaviour and internal images.
Topic: identity

Abratt (1989) Abratt’s model has introduced the concept of corporate personality. He argued that from the corporate personality, corporate philosophies can be developed, where the latter include values and culture of the corporate. The strategy was also included in the corporate personality in the model as showed in Figure 4. However, Abratt has defined corporate identity as “an assembly of visual clues-physical and behavioural by which an audience can recognise a company and distinguish it from others and hich can be used to represent or symbolise the company’ (Abratt & Shee, 1989).
Topic: identity

As many of us are busy, are we able to protect our data? If we are not able to protect our data, and data protection is left to the market, will data protection be possible only for the rich? Personal data protection is not impossible. However, it can be a very overwhelming task. A variety of tools and protocols implemented both online and offline can offer valuable methods of data protection at different levels. Shielding your personal data has the capacity to be executed not only logically, but also securely and with minimum expense.
Topic: identity

There are many ways in which one can secure personal data offline. One common method is to physically lock-up personal documents, financial records, and other valuables in safety deposit boxes in a bank vault, a personal safe , or in a locked draw at home or work. While the security offered by banks may be the preferred source for protecting irreplaceable and expensive items, for example, family heirloom jewellery or stocks and bonds, it may not always offer the quick access required for everyday or regularly referred to documents like one’s social security card or home mortgage contracts.
Topic: identity

A growing phenomenon is the theft of social security numbers issued to children. This can go undetected for years by both parents and creditors. It is usually only noticed when the perpetrators accumulate a high amount of debt in the child’s name and the rightful individual is harassed for payment or, until the child comes of age and is unable to apply for a student loan because of their fraudulent credit history. Unfortunately this can be both a stressful and expensive situation to rectify (Peeler 2012).
Topic: identity

Medical information should not be disclosed to sales or research people whether solicited via telephone or in person. While medical forms from your doctor require an extensive amount of personal and family medical history, the patient should recognize that the law requires that the doctor patient relationship pertaining to medical records is one of great confidentiality. Additionally, the human resources department where an individual was previously and is currently employed should take effective measures to secure employee data provided on resumes, insurance documents and bank accounts.
Topic: identity

As a consumer, one should know their privacy rights and the consequences to all involved if these rights are violated. Not only should personal information be stored securely, but it should also be properly disposed of. Details like shredding old receipts, credit card statements and insurance forms, and removing labels from prescribed medications before discarding the bottles are methods of preventing documents containing personal information. It is highly recommended that these documents not be simply crumpled and placed in the trash because of the risk of it being retrieved from identity thieves.
Topic: identity

Excessive personal details such as current location or expensive items purchased should be avoided on social networking sites. If your personal pages are available to the public and you are constantly updating your current whereabouts, this can be an invitation for a thief to enter your home when they are confident that you are currently away. When using a public Wi-Fi, sensitive information should not be sent over the network unless it is encrypted. There is great potential for your data to be compromised by a cyber-attacker.
Topic: identity

Also, personal information, especially financial information, should not be communicated over the phone or via email. Taking all steps in our power to protect our information alongside companies who have sound security policies in place to secure ones data should be considered (Peeler 2012). Disposal of computer and mobiles devices should be done with caution. Software utility programs can be used to erase the user’s computer hard drive. Also, when disposing of a mobile phone, one should get the owner’s manual in order to securely ispose of personal information. Data encryption is an effective way to secure your online transactions. Encrypting software is a means by which your data would be scrambled when it is being transmitted over the internet. Utilization of Secure Socket Layer (SSL) in the connection to other parties when requesting and sending sensitive data online would help to protect credit card information. Also strong or complex passwords with a combination of letters, numbers and special characters should be used and should not be shared with anyone.
Topic: identity

In Shakespeare’s time, women weren’t active on the stage. Instead, the women roles were played by man. However, in some plays of Shakespeare there are women who is seen in men’s clothes such as in The Merchant of Venice and Twelfth Night. In this essay, I will try to analyse the cross-dressing woman who causes both advantage and disadvantage at the same time in Twelfth Night. After a shipwreck in Ilyria, Viola becomes alone as thinking that her twin brother is drowned in the sea.
Topic: identity

Viola decides to cress-dress to find herself a safe haven to live and survive. She becomes a messenger for the Duke Orsino as a boy and becomes Cesario. Cesario fetches messages from Orsino to mournful Olivia whom Orsino is in love with. While Viola finds herself a safe place and a job, she comes across a difficult situation because she falls in love with Orsino as being properly feminine. Since she is disguised as a boy, this love seems to be almost impossible.
Topic: identity

At this point, the situation gets more absurd and comic because the mournful Olivia -after her father’s and brother’s death- becomes attracted by beautiful Cesario. She doesn’t accept Orsino’s love but find herself interested in this beautiful messenger. Now, Viola’s cross-dressing becomes a disadvantage and causes absurd moments when Olivia tries to appeal Cesario sexually. On the other hand, Cesario finds an escape from this homosexual situation by her twin brother Sebastian when he goes to Olivia’s house.
Topic: identity

Olivia thinking Sebastian as Cesario proposes a marriage. Being confused by this abrupt proposal, Sebastien thinks that either him or Olivia mad but accepts her marriage proposal. When Sebastian comes across Viola, everybody -Olivia, Orsino, Feste the fool- is confused and surprised but Viola’s real identity is revealed and everything gets clear. With this reveal, Viola can become herself again safely. Orsino seeing Cesario’s real identity falls in love with Viola and Viola’s impossible love can come true.
Topic: identity

This reveal provides another advantage for Orsino because Viola saves Orsino from his suffer for Olivia’s love. Orsino: Give me thy hand; And let me see thee in thy woman’s weeds. (Act V, Scene I) Inspite of this mistaken identity of Viola, Viola can voice herself in disguise of a man and becomes a mouthpiece for women. Orsino narcisstically thinks that he as a man loves a woman more than she can love a man. However, Viola as Cesario protests this idea and suggest;
Topic: identity

All of them tend to have some specific qualities. I know enough people, who possess them and inspire me more to be a Global Citizen. Initially, I consider myself as a part of Global Community and as a Global Citizen because I try to help people that need it. For me, being a Global Citizen means not only enjoying our rights, but also bearing responsibilities and taking care for surrounding people and environment beyond one’s nation or territory, in order to create a virtuous society in the world.
Topic: identity

They are joined by qualities such as kindness, love to every single person on the world, motivation to hard work, and responsibility for humankind. In addition, Global Citizens should have perseverance because the mission of being responsible for human beings faces many obstacles. Accordingly, Global Citizens should wish to improve lives of others and possess kindness, responsibility, and persistence. Global Citizens are not isolated from the world and think not only about themselves. People start to be such Citizens when they start to commit good deal toward strangers, who need help.
Topic: identity

No matter if they act alone or in teams, they are still Global Citizens. I have met many people that act as Global citizens. For instance, I know people, who deal with children that have oncologic diseases, or people, who take some activities to decrease the level of HIV/AIDS sufferers, or people that engaged in charity, or other that engaged in special communities, which deal with different issues in society. I, firstly, admire with my grandmother, who have small business, but always take time and money to engage in charity for orphanage.
Topic: identity

In spite of facts that she is retired and care about her children and grandchildren, she still work hard, has patience, and has desire to help other people, to make their lives better. This example proves that anyone can take even little action toward better humanity’s life and unintentionally become a Global Citizen. I believe, I will follow my grandmother’s example because from my childhood I am kind, responsible and strive to help people. I always wished, nobody should be upset. Therefore, when I saw sad person, I approached to him/her, tried to understand situation and attempted to help.
Topic: identity

Later on, I become part of different communities such as School Parliament, International Organization “Dance4Life”, Students’ Community “Enactus”, and some others. Most of my time I spent in School Parliament, so I will tell more about its activities. This little school organization took responsibilities for almost all events in school and some activities outside it. We regularly took part in charity for orphanage, support disabled people of our school, entertained people that had oncologic diseases, and conducted some events.
Topic: identity

We helped one family to collect some amount of money to child’s operation by selling some ribbons and conducting few times charity events. It was one of the biggest deals that we did in school time ourselves. After pupil’s operation, his parents thanked us and appreciated our activities. Thus, as studying in high school we started to participate in solving some problems outside of our lives, to help others, to improve surrounding people’s lives and performed as Global Citizens. Thereby, everybody can become a Global Citizen despite age, gender, and region.
Topic: identity

To be a Global Citizen means to take actions and fulfil some duties in order to improve someone’s life. Global Citizenship should not be focused on scale of an action because helping people starts from little steps, from helping even one unknown person. Therefore, most of people, who are helping others that need a support, can be considered as Global Citizens. The majority of these human beings understand that they somehow may effect on people, who live on the other side of the Earth. Thus, they think broadly and care about surrounding people and nature.
Topic: identity

Identity of general HK people • Pragmatism • Individualism • Narrowing gap between HK people/ mainlanders: ambitious, adaptable, practical and clever • Widening gap between HK people/ mainlanders : valuing free speech, press freedom, privacy and equality Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion HK people identity Parties that affect HK people identity HK people identity British colonial period rule of law, democracy, freedom of speech Chinese Government formal education, flag-raising ceremonies visits to the mainland Introduction
Topic: identity

Pragmatic Nationalism and Liberalized Nationalism • Cosmopolitan identity: HK’s dream, opportunities in society, has affected to local’s commitment to democracy Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion 3. Conclusion • Evident that Article 23 politic widened the gap of “issue in rights of HK people” ex. Free speech, press freedom, valuing privacy, valuing equality • But still the trend is that people feel less gap with mainlanders • ainland’s characteristic change • HK people affected by mainland government’s media, education, and ceremonies. • No identity is perfectly coherent; there is inconsistencies Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion Questions to discuss • What are the evolving features of the local political identity, culture and participation • What is the essence of the conflicts between the local and national identities of HK people? • What are the reasons for the rise of new activism, and what is its impact? Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion
Topic: identity

Nicely printed on the poster of this movie are the words: THE MASTER OF SUSPENSE WEAVES HIS GREATEST TALE. And true to these words, Alfred Hitchcock does not disappoint. North by Northwest (1959) is full of suspense and is one of the most entertaining flicks ever made. Although it is shockingly outclassed by his other classics, such as Rear Window and Vertigo, this movie is Hitchcock’s chef-d’oeuvre. It is rather sad that it does not get the recognition it deserves.
Topic: identity

Hitchcock paired up with the debonair actor Cary Grant for their fourth installment and proved their collaboration is one of the best in film history. Their earlier collaborations include: To Catch a Thief (1955), Notorious (1946) and Suspicion (1941). He further sought the services of Oscar winning Eva Marie Saints and enlisted this movie to the femme fatale film genre, which further added flair to the already brilliant script.
Topic: identity

Roger Thornhill (Carry Grant), the protagonist of the movie is a sophisticated and successful advertising executive with a weakness of pleasing women and submitting to his mother’s will. However, his life quickly transforms from dinner dates at cocktail bars to one of perilous adventures across the nation when he is mistaken for a spy known as George Kaplan. He is kidnapped from a bar by two thugs who take him to Mr. Townsend’s mansion.
Topic: identity

Unable to get anything meaningful from him, Townsend (Vandamm) orders his men to execute him professionally. The plan is to intoxicate him, murder him and then stage it as an accident. The plan does not work as Thornhill escapes away with a car, despite being drunk. His narrative of being kidnapped is not believed by both the police and his mother. Things do not go well for Thornhill when “Mrs. Townsend” flips the script on him when she is interrogated about Thornhill’s alleged kidnapping.
Topic: identity

Unable to convince his mother and the police, Thornhill decides to investigate everything by himself. He is caught snooping around Kaplan’s apartment by Philip Vandamm’s goons and subsequently chased to the United Nations building. While there, he is framed for the murder of the real Townsend. Now a fugitive of both the FBI and Vandamm’s crime syndicate, Thornhill flees to Chicago via a train. It is on this train trip that he meets the beautiful Eve Kendall (Eva Marie Saint). What transpires between the two is an aura of seduction that lands Thornhill into Kendall’s room to escape the police.
Topic: identity

Later, he learns that Kendall is not who she says she is when she sets him up in an isolated bus stop to meet Kaplan. This leads to one of most intriguing and suspense filled scene in the whole movie. Thornhill is attacked by a crop duster plane in the middle of nowhere with nowhere to hide. As the movie builds up to the climax, we learn that Kendall is actually an undercover agent who has infiltrated Vandamm’s criminal organization. Agent George Kaplan does not exist. He is only a decoy to distract Vandamm from knowing the real traitor in the organization, as earlier revealed by the professor.
Topic: identity

Vandamm however learns of her real identity. Unbeknownst to Kendall of her blown cover, she does not know she is being led into a trap by the mafia lord. It is up to Thornhill to save her. Although the movie has a cliché ending of a hero rescuing a damsel in distress and in the process winning her heart, Hitchcock does not delve much into the subject of romance. The movie quickly comes to a close after the two successfully escape the thugs at
Topic: identity

Most of the movie was filmed in the studio, except for a few real locations that Hitchcock preferred to shoot brief segments of. There was the United Nations building in New York, where the protagonist is secretly filmed with a hidden camera as he enters the building. The UN lobby was a remake. The other locations are the Grand Central Station also in New York and Mount Rushmore in South Dakota. Real shots are only done on the park’s exterior. The actors are actually crawling on a remake of the presidential faces.
Topic: identity

Another exciting fact is about the film’s title. What does it really mean? It has no relation whatsoever with the theme of the movie. Just like the film itself, the title is shrouded in mystery that only Hitchcock and his peers know what is going on. There were three titles that were adopted at various stages of the script: Breathless, The Man on Lincoln’s Nose and In a Northwesterly Direction. These titles were however discarded by the director and he settled for the rather mystical North by Northwest.
Topic: identity

The latter title however gives us a glimpse of what the current title means. It has to be a direction. He travels north by a means of transport referred to as northwest. Tracing the hero’s adventurous journey, we see that he moves from New York to Chicago and then he flies north by northwest airlines to Mount Rushmore in South Dakota. This is obviously a northwesterly route. This is the most probable explanation for Hitchcock’s classic flick.
Topic: identity

Also she is the one that told Sally about their family’s heritage at last. Sally’s mum is partly aboriginal but inherited a lot of aboriginal cultures and thinking from Nan. She is afraid of people in high position as much as Nan does and that reflects through Sally’s identity as she goes against the university’s officer about her scholarship. Although a part of Sally is aboriginal but she was not raised knowing that she is one. Hence, Sally’s identity is contradicting in itself. She can be careless at times, but also caring to her family members. She did not know the reason why other people treated her differently, but she has to get through it which makes her becomes strong and tough.
Topic: identity

Lastly, Nan is one of the most influential family members in Sally’s life. Sally did not know why her dad dislike Nan at first but it all becomes clear at the end when she knows that Nan is aboriginal. Nan has a habit that Sally dislike, being afraid of people in power. Due to that, Sally became strong and independent when it comes to dealing with people with power as shown through in chapter 18 as she was suspected guilty for receiving an aboriginal scholarship but not actually one. The fact that Nan and mum mentioned about being ‘black’ is a bad thing and being ‘white’ is everything encourages Sally to stand up and proof that being aboriginal is not something to be ashamed of, she is proud to be one because that’s what makes her who she is.
Topic: identity

Galloway explores this lack of identity, experienced at some point by us all, by fragmenting and splintering the text to reflect the jigsaw characters. This novel ponders how, “We are neither real nor proper: just fraudulent moochers in other people’s territory”, and encourages the reader to explore fully the issue of splintered identity. In doing so we cannot avoid acquiring an in-depth understanding of the techniques used by Galloway and her unique style, also an appreciation of the importance of structure to the novel’s success.
Topic: identity

These extracts are what structure Rona and Cassie’s holiday; their dependency upon these useless sources shows the lack of direction they have in their lives. The guidebook they use entitled, “Potted France” is relevant in expressing that the characters are “potted”; they do not appear whole and feel they are missing something from their lives. Primarily they lack identity. The introduction of these extracts, reinforce the degree of fragmentation suffered by these characters. However, it is only one of the many jigsaw like qualities of Rona and Cassie, who appear fragmented in every respect. The frequent use of the structure:
Topic: identity

I think is used to show the fight for equality within their relationship and the unsure stance they also feel. Perhaps it is also relative in reimbursing the fact that Carrie and Rona are isolated from the community, yet bound together because of their likeness. The space around this structure reflects the isolation of the characters. Their lack of place is true, in not only their personal relationship, but both socially and nationally – making structure truly important in relaying the themes. Cassie and Rona go on to describe themselves as “fraudulent moochers”, this expresses how they feel they lack social position. Also described as being in “other people’s territory”, it would seem Cassie and Rona believe they have no place nationally either.