# Talk:Philippine resistance against Japan

This article is heavily weighted towards the Hukbalahap role in the resistance during the Japanese occupation. I understand that this article is a work in progress, but presently (as of this post) this article is unbalanced.--RightCowLeftCoast (talk) 00:08, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
The huks has  the biggest army in the guerrilla movement 100,000 partisans--Evensacornevensacorn (talk) 00:08, 20 March 2014 (UTC)

I have not seen reliable sources that verify the 100k number. I have found sources that can verify an overall resistance number, and specific numbers to specific units/organizations, but not for the Huk. Furthermore, this source, written by the General Staff of GA MacArthur has zero information on any Moro resistance units.--RightCowLeftCoast (talk) 03:32, 4 September 2014 (UTC)

The financial situation of anti-Japanese guerilla fighters.
http://books.google.com/books?id=Ed16AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA914&dq=1936+1941+Lanao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PsJCU7TZDsKU0AHI_4CABQ&ved=0CGUQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=1936%201941%20Lanao&f=false
Rajmaan (talk) 03:39, 16 May 2014 (UTC)

Akira Makino
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2007/11/06/2003386494
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2007/11/06/2003386494/2
http://www.bt.com.bn/focus/2007/10/31/a_life_haunted_by_wwii_surgical_killings
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/dissect-them-alive-chilling-imperial-that-order-could-not-be-di/story-e6frg6so-1111113061584
http://www.forties.net/japconfession.html
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ht5P8U54dLa7dH9mqjKyurq0zQMw?hl=en
http://books.google.com/books?id=glVxAAAAMAAJ
http://books.google.com/books?id=glVxAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=butcher
http://books.google.com/books?id=glVxAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=tortured
http://books.google.com/books?id=glVxAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=beheaded
http://books.google.com/books?id=ZzMmpCinBYoC&pg=PA197&dq=mindanao++six+months+japanese+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aZrmUui3CY2isATkn4Fo&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=mindanao%20%20six%20months%20japanese%20moro&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=gYBcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA231&dq=mindanao++six+months+japanese+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aZrmUui3CY2isATkn4Fo&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=mindanao%20%20six%20months%20japanese%20moro&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=5Qf39DpguysC&pg=PA125#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=dvyc5YvN4lcC&pg=PA47&dq=moro+keris+japanese&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IF9gUrfYKfHd4AOGpYGYDw&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=moro%20keris%20japanese&f=false
Page 1702
http://books.google.com/books?id=xMkRAQAAMAAJ&q=The+juram+en+tado+'+s+act+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+II%C2%97+and+the+Japanese+were+clearly+defined+as+enemies.+The+juramentado+never+went+after+Chinese+residents+in+spite+of+the+fact+that+the+Chinese+were+non-Muslims&dq=The+juram+en+tado+'+s+act+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+II%C2%97+and+the+Japanese+were+clearly+defined+as+enemies.+The+juramentado+never+went+after+Chinese+residents+in+spite+of+the+fact+that+the+Chinese+were+non-Muslims&hl=en&sa=X&ei=udInUuDgCdip4APRuIDQAg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA
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http://books.google.com/books?id=wvkMAQAAMAAJ&q=The+juramentado's+act+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+1+1+—and+the+Japanese+were+clearly+defined+as+enemies.+The+juramentado+never+went+after+Chinese+residents+in+spite+of+the+fact+that+the+Chinese+were+non-Muslim.&dq=The+juramentado's+act+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+1+1+—and+the+Japanese+were+clearly+defined+as+enemies.+The+juramentado+never+went+after+Chinese+residents+in+spite+of+the+fact+that+the+Chinese+were+non-Muslim.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BNkpUqeuCIe54APy-YDYDQ&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ
http://books.google.com/books?id=wvkMAQAAMAAJ&q=The+juramentado's+act+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+1+1+%C2%97and+the+Japanese+were+clearly+defined+as+enemies.+The+juramentado+never+went+after+Chinese+residents+in+spite+of+the+fact+that+the+Chinese+were+non-Muslims.&dq=The+juramentado's+act+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+1+1+%C2%97and+the+Japanese+were+clearly+defined+as+enemies.+The+juramentado+never+went+after+Chinese+residents+in+spite+of+the+fact+that+the+Chinese+were+non-Muslims.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jtEnUsGzLZPJ4AORt4CgCQ&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ
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http://books.google.com/books?id=akNvAAAAMAAJ&q=The+juramentado's+act+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+1+1+—and+the+Japanese+were+clearly+defined+as+enemies.+The+juramentado+never+went+after+Chinese+residents+in+spite+of+the+fact+that+the+Chinese+were+non-Muslim.&dq=The+juramentado's+act+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+1+1+—and+the+Japanese+were+clearly+defined+as+enemies.+The+juramentado+never+went+after+Chinese+residents+in+spite+of+the+fact+that+the+Chinese+were+non-Muslim.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BNkpUqeuCIe54APy-YDYDQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=akNvAAAAMAAJ&q=The+juramentado's+act+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+1+1+%C2%97and+the+Japanese+were+clearly+defined+as+enemies.+The+juramentado+never+went+after+Chinese+residents+in+spite+of+the+fact+that+the+Chinese+were+non-Muslims.&dq=The+juramentado's+act+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+1+1+%C2%97and+the+Japanese+were+clearly+defined+as+enemies.+The+juramentado+never+went+after+Chinese+residents+in+spite+of+the+fact+that+the+Chinese+were+non-Muslims.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jtEnUsGzLZPJ4AORt4CgCQ&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA
Page 56
http://books.google.com/books?id=-H25AAAAIAAJ&q=The+juramentado+never+went+after+Chinese+residents+in+spite+of+the+fact+that+the+Chinese+were+non-Muslims&dq=The+juramentado+never+went+after+Chinese+residents+in+spite+of+the+fact+that+the+Chinese+were+non-Muslims&hl=en&sa=X&ei=S0tDU5uxB6Xm2AWE5IGwAg&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw
http://books.google.com/books?id=-H25AAAAIAAJ&q=In+spite+of+the+individual+nature+of+many+juramentados,+the+fact+remains+that+it+was+never+done+against+members+of+ethnic+groups+who+were+not+considered+military+and+religious+enemies+of+the+Tausug.+Chinese,+for+example,+in+spite+of+their+status+as+non-+Moslems,+were+seldom+molested.+As+one+man+put+it,+%22There+is+no+sense+killing+the+Chinese&dq=In+spite+of+the+individual+nature+of+many+juramentados,+the+fact+remains+that+it+was+never+done+against+members+of+ethnic+groups+who+were+not+considered+military+and+religious+enemies+of+the+Tausug.+Chinese,+for+example,+in+spite+of+their+status+as+non-+Moslems,+were+seldom+molested.+As+one+man+put+it,+%22There+is+no+sense+killing+the+Chinese&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AE1DU5SiA-elsQSk74HoDA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=-H25AAAAIAAJ&q=Nor+was+it+exclusively+anti-Christian,+for+it+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+II,+although+more+often+merely+against+the+Filipino+soldiers+who+remained+in+the+constabulary+under+the+Japanese.+The+number+of+genuine+juramentados+seems+to+have+been+rather+small,+however,+as+a+result+of+the+Draconian+Japanese+policy+of+taking+vengeance+against+the+entire+community+from+which+the+juramentado+came.&dq=Nor+was+it+exclusively+anti-Christian,+for+it+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+II,+although+more+often+merely+against+the+Filipino+soldiers+who+remained+in+the+constabulary+under+the+Japanese.+The+number+of+genuine+juramentados+seems+to+have+been+rather+small,+however,+as+a+result+of+the+Draconian+Japanese+policy+of+taking+vengeance+against+the+entire+community+from+which+the+juramentado+came.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mU1DU_OlDMPnsAT8yYJ4&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA
Page 111
http://books.google.com/books?id=LpJuAAAAMAAJ&q=In+spite+of+the+individual+nature+of+many+juramentados,+the+fact+remains+that+it+was+never+done+against+members+of+ethnic+groups+who+were+not+considered+military+and+religious+enemies+of+the+Tausug.+Chinese,+for+example,+in+spite+of+their+status+as+non-+Moslems,+were+seldom+molested.+As+one+man+put+it,+%22There+is+no+sense+killing+the+Chinese&dq=In+spite+of+the+individual+nature+of+many+juramentados,+the+fact+remains+that+it+was+never+done+against+members+of+ethnic+groups+who+were+not+considered+military+and+religious+enemies+of+the+Tausug.+Chinese,+for+example,+in+spite+of+their+status+as+non-+Moslems,+were+seldom+molested.+As+one+man+put+it,+%22There+is+no+sense+killing+the+Chinese&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AE1DU5SiA-elsQSk74HoDA&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAQ
http://books.google.com/books?id=LpJuAAAAMAAJ&q=Nor+was+it+exclusively+anti-Christian,+for+it+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+II,+although+more+often+merely+against+the+Filipino+soldiers+who+remained+in+the+constabulary+under+the+Japanese.+The+number+of+genuine+juramentados+seems+to+have+been+rather+small,+however,+as+a+result+of+the+Draconian+Japanese+policy+of+taking+vengeance+against+the+entire+community+from+which+the+juramentado+came.&dq=Nor+was+it+exclusively+anti-Christian,+for+it+was+occasionally+performed+against+the+Japanese+during+World+War+II,+although+more+often+merely+against+the+Filipino+soldiers+who+remained+in+the+constabulary+under+the+Japanese.+The+number+of+genuine+juramentados+seems+to+have+been+rather+small,+however,+as+a+result+of+the+Draconian+Japanese+policy+of+taking+vengeance+against+the+entire+community+from+which+the+juramentado+came.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mU1DU_OlDMPnsAT8yYJ4&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ
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PARRANG SABBIL: RITUAL SUICIDE AMONG THE TAUSUG OF JOLO by THOMAS M. KIEFER
Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 
Deel 129, 1ste Afl., ANTHROPOLOGICA XV (1973) , pp. 108-123
Published by: KITLV, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27861310
http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/docserver/22134379/129/1/@APPLICATION.BASE.URL@/error/authentication;jsessionid=2e1houmbfgnhl.x-brill-live-02
http://books.google.com/books?id=6T39iCmUzMkC&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=6T39iCmUzMkC&pg=PA47#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=6T39iCmUzMkC&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=6T39iCmUzMkC&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=tm8tSwyTa7AC&pg=PA178#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=84003
http://mnlfnet.com/Articles/BYC_29July2012_Reclaiming%20Bangsamoro%20Humanity%20from%20Foreign%20Colonizers.htm

http://books.google.com/books?id=4ERxAAAAMAAJ&q=kris+japanese+moro&dq=kris+japanese+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=F19gUp7SMfSh4AOf4YDQDw&ved=0CDsQ6AEwATgo
http://nointervention.com/archive/pubs/CWIS/imnr.html
http://web.archive.org/web/20070203183239/http://www.cwis.org/fwj/21/imnr.html
http://books.google.com/books?id=KkO-DHcRVMoC&pg=PA124#v=onepage&q&f=false
https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/196504/kris.and.crescent.htm
http://www.fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/sword.htm

http://books.google.com/books?id=He3IAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA81&dq=kris+japanese+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=51FgUvDrMMLA4APwtoCoDA&ved=0CGsQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=kris%20japanese%20moro&f=false
http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,802183,00.html
http://books.google.com/books?id=OamLr-D0T34C&pg=PA138&dq=kris+japanese+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_F1gUsfSMvXd4AOq3YE4&ved=0CDsQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=kris%20japanese%20moro&f=false
Gumbay Piang
http://books.google.com/books?id=ZgWnN4hyjoQC&pg=PA271#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=4FAeAAAAMAAJ&q=gumbay+piang+moro+bolo&dq=gumbay+piang+moro+bolo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GX_yUrDJM4jMsQSLnoK4BQ&ved=0CD8Q6wEwAw
http://books.google.com/books?id=HRdVkGoJHmUC&pg=PA208&dq=moro+keris+japanese&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IF9gUrfYKfHd4AOGpYGYDw&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=moro%20keris%20japanese&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=HRdVkGoJHmUC&pg=PA207&dq=kris+japanese+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=51FgUvDrMMLA4APwtoCoDA&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=kris%20japanese%20moro&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=XpKHdg-5TyQC&pg=PA270&dq=Japanese+prisoner+being+led+by+some+Moros+signs+shoot+tortured+Sulu&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-JMCU9uQCaPy0wGTvIGABA&ved=0CDUQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=Japanese%20prisoner%20being%20led%20by%20some%20Moros%20signs%20shoot%20tortured%20Sulu&f=false
Rajmaan (talk) 22:59, 17 February 2014 (UTC)
Rajmaan (talk) 01:18, 8 April 2014 (UTC)
Japanese occupation of British Borneo
Chinese and Suluk Tausug launched joint uprising in 10/10/1943 against the Japanese on Borneo. The Japanese then nearly exterminated the Suluks, massacring nearly all their men, and women and children at a mosque.
http://books.google.com/books?id=7PuvyKPz5f4C&pg=RA1-PA469#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=E1D5wKKZDHoC&pg=PA123&dq=Jesselton+189+suluks&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NoJfUuiHNpL89gSdhoGYCQ&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jesselton%20189%20suluks&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=7YOxqMKVm0YC&pg=PT121&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_IZfUtL-I5H49gT3yIHoBg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jesselton%20japanese%20suluks&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?ei=UItfUoGrGYKe9QTOu4CoDw&id=1lrzAAAAMAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluk
http://books.google.com/books?ei=NY1fUqiTBomC9gTp24G4Bg&id=KLYhAQAAIAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluk
http://books.google.com/books?ei=wI1fUqTcL4iE9QSWwIH4Dw&id=Ox_TAAAAMAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluk
http://books.google.com/books?id=RzVUOidajPAC&pg=PA77&dq=British+Borneo+Japanese+Imperial+Double+Tenth+incident&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0CRDU-WaAqTe2QWG8IGQBg&ved=0CCwQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=British%20Borneo%20Japanese%20Imperial%20Double%20Tenth%20incident&f=false
Suluks were led by Panglima Ali, Chinese were led by Alberk Kwok (I. N. Kwok)(Guo Yi Nan)(Guo Hengnan) Teochew
http://books.google.com/books?id=NZWqvMBu80kC&pg=PA111&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_IZfUtL-I5H49gT3yIHoBg&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Jesselton%20japanese%20suluks&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=Kjc0cC8ug-QC&pg=PA196&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_IZfUtL-I5H49gT3yIHoBg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Jesselton%20japanese%20suluks&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?ei=_IZfUtL-I5H49gT3yIHoBg&id=iMFWAAAAYAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluks
http://books.google.com/books?ei=_IZfUtL-I5H49gT3yIHoBg&id=ZGcOAQAAMAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluks
http://books.google.com/books?ei=UItfUoGrGYKe9QTOu4CoDw&id=2QVnAAAAMAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluk
http://books.google.com/books?ei=NY1fUqiTBomC9gTp24G4Bg&id=V3IfAAAAMAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluk
http://books.google.com/books?id=Ob7O2OMWKHQC&pg=PA99&dq=Panglima+ali&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9IdfUsGjIYem9gSQn4HAAg&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Panglima%20ali&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?ei=NY1fUqiTBomC9gTp24G4Bg&id=bLguAQAAIAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluks+prahus
http://books.google.com/books?ei=NY1fUqiTBomC9gTp24G4Bg&id=xM5uAAAAMAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluk
http://books.google.com/books?ei=NY1fUqiTBomC9gTp24G4Bg&id=1MBuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluk
http://books.google.com/books?ei=wI1fUqTcL4iE9QSWwIH4Dw&id=FJTlAAAAIAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluks
http://books.google.com/books?ei=UItfUoGrGYKe9QTOu4CoDw&id=S2kaAQAAIAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluk
Imam Marajukim, from Sulu, coordinated cooperation among the Suluks in the Philippines and Suluks in Borneo, to procure supplies for the resistance against the Japanese.
http://books.google.com/books?ei=UItfUoGrGYKe9QTOu4CoDw&id=L81uAAAAMAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluk
http://books.google.com/books?id=aPQMAQAAMAAJ&q=Imam+marajukim&dq=Imam+marajukim&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sYtfUs2YCJK-9gStxYFA&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg
http://books.google.com/books?id=9sMPAQAAIAAJ&q=Imam+marajukim&dq=Imam+marajukim&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sYtfUs2YCJK-9gStxYFA&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBA
http://books.google.com/books?id=hFSQAAAAIAAJ&q=Imam+marajukim&dq=Imam+marajukim&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sYtfUs2YCJK-9gStxYFA&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBQ
http://books.google.com/books?id=chxxAAAAMAAJ&q=Imam+marajukim&dq=Imam+marajukim&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sYtfUs2YCJK-9gStxYFA&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=1MBuAAAAMAAJ&q=Imam+marajukim&dq=Imam+marajukim&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sYtfUs2YCJK-9gStxYFA&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAQ
http://books.google.com/books?ei=UItfUoGrGYKe9QTOu4CoDw&id=S2kaAQAAIAAJ&dq=Jesselton+japanese+suluks&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Suluk

Create an article on the Mindanao theater of the war, with detailed and referenced material about the Moro resistance against Japan and the war crimes which were said to have taken place. Akira Makino admitted that Japanese committed war crimes against the Moros. Also we need to add Moro resistance groups to the infobox and write a section on them here. There were both Moros fighting alongside the Americans abd Filipinos, and other Moros fighting both Japanese and American forces.

Rajmaan (talk) 04:56, 13 May 2014 (UTC)

Per WP:TOOBIG, the article is already 120k in size. This far exceeds the size prescribed in the guideline. I suggest that the list of Philippine guerrilla units be split off to a stand-alone list as a sub-article of this article.--RightCowLeftCoast (talk) 17:02, 19 August 2014 (UTC)

Due to size concerns I have created the article

Below is the content which I have removed of unused references that were placed in the reference section of the article.

AFP (October 31, 2007). "A life haunted by WWII surgical killings". THE BRUNEI TIMES. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AFP (Oct 28, 2007). "Japanese veteran haunted by WWII surgical killings". AFP. Archived from the original on 2014-03-17. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Ozawa, Harumi (Nov 6, 2007). "Japanese war veteran speaks of atrocities in the Philippines". TAIPEI TIMES. p. 9. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Amler, Dds Mel (2008). Midnight on Mindanao: Wartime Remembances 1945–1946. iUniverse. ISBN 978-0-595-63260-2. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Arnold, James R. (2011). The Moro War: How America Battled a Muslim Insurgency in the Philippine Jungle, 1902–1913. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-60819-365-3. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Brooks, Ronald J. (1995). Under Five Flags (illustrated ed.). Pentland Press. ISBN 1-85821-322-3. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Cayrac-Blanchard, Françoise (1970). L'Asie du Sud-Est: Par Françoise Cayrac-Blanchard (o.fl.a.) (in French). Vol. Volume 1 of L'Asie Du Sud-Est. Sirey. Retrieved 10 March 2014. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
Kratoska, Paul H., ed. (2013). Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-12506-5. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Lim, Julitta Shau Hua (2005). Pussy's in the well: Japanese occupation of Sarawak, 1941–1945 (illustrated ed.). Research and Resource Centre, SUPP Headquarters. ISBN 983-41998-2-1. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Eichelberger, Robert L.; Eichelberger, Emma Gudger (1972). Luvaasissue=Issue 2 of Contributions in military history, Jay (ed.). Dear Miss Em: General Eichelberger's War in the Pacific, 1942–1945 (illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 0-8371-6278-5. ISSN 0084-9251. Retrieved 10 March 2014.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (link)
Espaldon, Ernesto M., ed. (1997). With the bravest: the untold story of the Sulu freedom fighters of World War II. Espaldon-Virata Foundation. ISBN 971-91833-0-6. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Evans, Stephen R. (1990). Sabah (North Borneo): Under the Rising Sun Government. Tropical Press. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Fallon, Joseph E. "Igorot and Moro National Reemergence The Fabricated Philippine State". cwis.org. Center for World Indigenous Studies. Archived from the original on 29-Jan-2006 23:36. Retrieved 10 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archivedate= (help)
Federspiel, Howard M. (2007). Sultans, Shamans, and Saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia (illustrated ed.). University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-3052-6. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Gowing, Peter G., ed. (1988). Understanding Islam and Muslims in the Philippines (illustrated ed.). New Day Publishers. ISBN 971-10-0386-4. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Gowing, Peter G. (July–August 1965). "Kris and Crescent". Saudi Aramco World. pp. 1–11. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Gross, Max L. (2007). A Muslim archipelago: Islam and Politics in Southeast Asia. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-1-932946-19-2. Retrieved 10 March 2014. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Joes, Anthony James (2000). America and Guerrilla Warfare. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2748-3. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
KIEFER, THOMAS M. (1973). "Parrang Sabbil: Ritual Suicide Among the Tausug of Jolo". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Deel 129, 1ste Afl., ANTHROPOLOGICA XV. 129 (1). KITLV, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies: 108–123. doi:10.1163/22134379-90002734. JSTOR 27861310. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Mapes, Victor L.; Mills, Scott A. (2000). The Butchers, the Baker: The World War II Memoir of a United States Army Air Corps Soldier Captured by the Japanese in the Philippines [LARGE PRINT] (illustrated, large print ed.). McFarland, Incorporated Publishers. ISBN 0-7864-3317-5. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Mapes, Victor L. (2000). The Butchers, the Baker: The World War II Memoir of a United States Army Air Corps Soldier Captured by the Japanese in the Philippines. Contributor Scott A. Millsvolume= (illustrated ed.). McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. ISBN 0-7864-0636-4. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
Maras, Marie-Helen (2013). The CRC Press Terrorism Reader (illustrated ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4665-8832-5. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Milligan, Jeffrey Ayala (2005). Islamic Identity, Postcoloniality, and Educational Policy: Schooling and Ethno-Religious Conflict in the Southern Philippines. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-8157-4. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Muslim, Macapado Abaton (1994). The Moro armed struggle in the Philippines: the nonviolent autonomy alternative. Office of the President and College of Public Affairs, Mindanao State University. ISBN 971-11-1130-6. Retrieved 10 March 2014. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
RRayhanR (29 July 2012). "RECLAIMING BANGSAMORO HUMANITY FROM FOREIGN COLONIZERS". mnlfnet.com. Moro National Liberation Front (Misuari faction). Retrieved 16 May 2014.
PARRY, RICHARD LLOYD (February 26, 2007). "Dissect them alive: chilling Imperial that order could not be di". THE AUSTRALIAN. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Parry, Richard Lloyd (February 25, 2007). "Dissect them alive: order not to be disobeyed". Times Online. Archived from the original on 2007-02-26. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Parry, Richard Lloyd (February 25, 2007). "Dissect them alive: order not to be disobeyed". The Times. Archived from the original on 28 February 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Richard Lloyd Parry (February 25, 2007). "Dissect them alive: order not to be disobeyed". Times Online. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
Rahman, Muhammad A. (1966). Rangkaian tawarikh negeri sabah (in Malay). Vol. Volume 2 of Siri Pustaka Sabah. Al-Ahmadiah Press. Retrieved 10 March 2014. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
Roces, Alfredo R. (1978). Filipino Heritage: The Spanish Colonial period (Late 19th Century): The awakening. Vol. Volume 7 of Filipino Heritage: The Making of a Nation, Alfredo R. Roces. Lahing Pilipino Publishing. Retrieved 10 March 2014. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
Roces, Alfredo R. (1978). Filipino Heritage: The Spanish colonial period (late 19th century). Vol. Volume 7 of Filipino Heritage: The Making of a Nation. Lahing Pilipino Pub. ; [Manila]. Retrieved 10 March 2014. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
Tan, Andrew T. H., ed. (2007). A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84720-718-0. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Tolley, Kemp (2002). Cruise of the Lanikai: Incitement to War (illustrated, reprint ed.). Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-406-7. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Turbiville, Jr., Dr. Graham H. "Bearers of the Sword Radical Islam, Philippines Insurgency, and Regional Stability". Foreign Military Studies Office. Archived from the original on 2013-05-11. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Wong, Danny Tze-Ken (1998). The transformation of an immigrant society: a study of the Chinese of Sabah (illustrated ed.). Asean Academic. ISBN 1-901919-16-1. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Zincke, Herbert; Mills, Scott A. (2002). Mitsui Madhouse: Memoir of a U.S. Army Air Corps POW in World War II (illustrated ed.). McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1428-6. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Filipinas, Volume 11, Issues 117-128. Filipinas Pub. 2002. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië, Volume 129. Contributor Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Netherlands). M. Nijhoff. 1973. Retrieved 10 March 2014.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: others (link)
Darangen: Epic of History. Vol. Volume 12 of "Land and people" series. Contributor Presidential Commission for the Rehabilitation and Development of Southern Philippines. Presidential Commission for the Rehabilitation and Development of Southern Philippines. 1980. Retrieved 10 March 2014. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: others (link)
"Assessment for Moros in the Philippines". University of Maryland. CIDCM. Information current as of December 31, 2006. Retrieved 16 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)


### Contemporaneous News Accounts
"TERRITORIES: Terror in Jolo". TIME. Dec 1, 1941. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
United Press (Feb 28, 1942). "20,000 MOROS HOLD GROUND". Warsaw Daily Union. p. 5. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (Mar 3, 1942). "Moros Pledge Fight to End On Japanese in Philippines". The Christian Science Monitor. Boston, Mass. p. 7. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (Mar 3, 1942). "Philippine Moros Pledge Fight to End Against Foe". St. Petersburg Times. p. 7. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (Feb 27, 1942). "Gen. MacArthur's Forces Counter-Attack and Hold Advance Japanese Posts". St. Petersburg Times. p. 6. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (Mar 2, 1942). "MORO TRIBESMEN TO BATTLE JAPS". Spokane Daily Chronicle. p. 36. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
The Associated Press (Mar 3, 1942). "10,000 Tribesmen Pledge MacArthur Aid to the Death". Youngstown Vindicator. p. 19. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (Mar 3, 1942). "10,000 Filippinos Swear to Fight On". The Calgary Herald. p. 7. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
United Press (Mar 3, 1942). "NAVY PREPARES FOR OFFENSIVE AGAINST ENEMY". Warsaw Daily Union. p. 1. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"Americans Make First Substantial Gains On Bataan (Continued From Page 1)". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Feb 26, 1942. p. 2. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
The News and Courier http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=D5NIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cgkNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1830,5570104&hl=en. Retrieved 16 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
AP (Mar 3, 1942). "10,000 Moros Vow To Wield Knives Against Japanese". The Lewiston Daily Sun. p. 7. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
CAPTAIN HERBERT CURTIS, U. S. Army (Retired), 1695 Davie Street, Vancouver (Jan 13, 1942). "Japanese Infiltration Into Mindanao". The Vancouver Sun. p. 4. Retrieved 16 May 2014.{{cite news}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
"Japs Order (Continued from Page 1)". Reading Eagle. Mar 6, 1942. p. 28. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
U.P. (Mar 6, 1942). "FEAR UPRISING IN PHILIPPINES". The Telegraph-Herald. p. 1. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"FILIPINOS TOLD TO YIELD BOLOS (Continued from Page 1)". Herald-Journal. Mar 7, 1942. p. 2. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
(A. P.) (Nov 9, 1942). "Erie Captain Suggests Mindanao for Offense". Youngstown Vindicator. p. 24. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
DAVIS, SPENCER (May 22, 1945). "TROUBLED FUTURE FACES MOROS IN FREE PHILIPPINES". The Lewiston Daily Sun. p. 7. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (May 22, 1945). "Troubled Future Faces Moros In Free Philippines". Lewiston Evening Journal. p. 5. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
HURDS, CHARLES (February 27, 1942). "JAPANESE SET BACK; Hit All Along the Line by Bataan Defenders-Lose Outposts in Reverse GUERRILLAS ALSO ACTIVE Attack Enemy in Other Parts of Luzon -- 'Desultory Fighting' Goes On in Mindanao". THE NEW YORK TIMES. p. 1. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"REICH-MADE PLANES SEEN OVER BATAAN; Japanese Believed Dipping Into Reserves to Keep Up Bombing of Philippine Defenders LANAO MOROS LOYAL TO US Leaders of 10,000 Pledge They Will Never Give Up Fighting Till Invaders Are Defeated". THE NEW YORK TIMES. March 3, 1942. p. 2. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (Mar 6, 1942). "Japanese Order Filipinos To Surrender Bolo Knives". The Palm Beach Post. p. 1. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (Mar 3, 1942). "More Jap Troops Land In Philippines". The Deseret News. p. 1. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"Courageous Guerrillas Harass Japs On Bataan". Painesville Telegraph. Mar 2, 1942. p. 1. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Lee, Clark (Apr 3, 1942). "United States Flag Still Waves Over Major Part of Philippines". The Montreal Gazette. p. 3. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Lee, Clark (April 3, 1942). "Most Of Philippines Still Under U.S. Flag". Ottowa Citizen. p. 25. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
LEE, CLARKE (Apr 3, 1942). "Most of Philippines Still Under United States Flag". Herald-Journal. p. 4. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
LEE, CLARK (Apr 3, 1942). "American Flag Still Flying Over Greater Part of Philippines". Schenectady Gazette. p. 1. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
The News and Courier http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cI5JAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IQwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4808,1706249&hl=en. Retrieved 16 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
LEE, CLARK (Apr 3, 1942). "Most of Philippines Still Free of Invading Japanese". St. Joseph Gazette. p. 7. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
LEE, CLARK (Apr 3, 1942). "Japs Control Only Small Part Of Philippines". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. p. 9. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Lee, Clark (Apr 3, 1942). "Japs Holding Only 5 Isles In Philippines". Youngstown Vindicator. p. 2. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
FLOYD, NAT (February 14, 1942). "American Force Bombed by Planes, Shelled by Light Artillery -- Igorotes, Moros Help Armored Force in Holding Peninsula". THE NEW YORK TIMES. p. 3. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"Igorots Ride (Continued from Page 1)". The Evening Independent. Feb 13, 1942. p. 2. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
LEE, CLARK (Feb 14, 1942). "Wiry Igorot Natives With Keen Bolo Knives Aid MacArthur's Men". Spokane Daily Chronicle. p. 2. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
LEE, CLARK (Feb 14, 1942). "Wiry Igorot Natives With Keen Bolo Knives Aid MacArthur's Men". Spokane Daily Chronicle. p. 30. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
LEE, CLARK (Feb 16, 1942). "Wiry Igorot Natives With Keen Bolo Knives Aid MacArthur's Men". Spokane Daily Chronicle. p. 10. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (Feb 13, 1942). "IGOROTS ON TANKS RIDE AGAINST JAPS". Lawrence Journal-World. p. 6. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS (Apr 22, 1945). "American Troops Advance Slowly on Okinawa Island". St. Petersburg Times. p. 2. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"Small Gains (Continued from Page 1)". Herald-Journal. Apr 22, 1945. p. 3. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS (Apr 22, 1945). "American Troops Advance Slowly on Okinawa Island". St. Petersburg Times. p. 39. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
The Rock Hill Herald http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0CUtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=u6QEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1102,470360&hl=en. Retrieved 16 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
CAPTAIN HERBERT CURTIS, U.S. Army (Retired), 1695 Davie Street, Vancouver (Jan 13, 1942). "Japanese Infiltration Into Mindanao". The Vancouver Sun. p. 4. Retrieved 16 May 2014.{{cite news}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
AP (Mar 13, 1945). "Yank Soldiers in Zamboanga". The Milwaukee Journal. p. 1. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"80 Japanese Troop Ships Are Sighted Off Luzon (Continued From Page1)". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Dec 22, 1941. p. 7. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"JAPANESE HALTED IN BATAAN ATTACK; Fighting Dwindles After the Repulse of Enemy Drive -- Planes Harry Defenders". THE NEW YORK TIMES. March 31, 1942. p. 5. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
The News and Courier http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kY5JAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IQwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1369,5123873&hl=en. Retrieved 16 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
RUSSELL, HARDING (Mar 21, 1942). "WHY MACARTHUR HELD ON". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 4. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"DEFENDERS OF BATAN (A.A.P.)". The Age. Apr 11, 1942. p. 1. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"THEY WERE EXPENDABLE CHAPTER X". The Evening Independent. Jan 13, 1943. p. 14. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"Outrages Cause Anger; FLOTILLA IS SIGHTED OFF LUZON'S COAST". THE NEW YORK TIMES. December 22, 1941. p. 1. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"Six Japanese Bombers In New Raid On Manila (Continued from First Page)". Meriden Record. Dec 22, 1941. p. 13. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"SITUATION AT DAVAO OBSCURE AS JAPS LAND (Continued from Page 1)". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Dec 21, 1941. p. 2. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (Dec 21, 1941). "JAPS ATTEMPT NEW INVASION". The Telegraph-Herald. p. 1. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"THE JAPS SWARM AT DAVAO BUT THE SITUATION OBSCURE (continued from page one)". Nevada Mail. Dec 22, 1941. p. 3. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Harris, Henry (Feb 28, 1942). "The STRATEGIC SLANT". Daily Boston Globe (1928–1960) - Boston, Mass. p. 3. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (April 22). "AMERICANS STRIDE IN MINDANAO DRIVE; Push to Vital Road Junction 32 Miles From Illana Bay---- Win Cagayan Key on Luzon". THE NEW YORK TIMES. Retrieved 16 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Boguslav, David (Apr 19, 1945). "U.S. Forces Strike Inland In Mindanao Invasion Drive". The Christian Science Monitor (1908-Current file) - Boston, Mass. p. 6. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
WILKINS, H. FORD (June 9, 1946). "ROXAS ESTIMATES PHILIPPINE DEFICIT; Government Expected to Run in Red by $124,000,000 Next Year and Rely on Loans". THE NEW YORK TIMES. p. 25. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (May 16, 1945). "LUCKLESS JAPS SAIL BACKWARD". The Spokesman-Review. p. 9. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (May 15, 1945). "Backward Sailing Fatal for Japanese". Spokane Daily Chronicle. p. 1. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"Large Force Is Attacking (Continued from Page One)". Youngstown Vindicator. Dec 21, 1941. p. 58. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
"BACK TO THE SULUS". THE NEW YORK TIMES. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
AP (March 12). "MOST OF MINDANAO HELD BY GUERRILLAS". THE NEW YORK TIMES. Retrieved 16 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
--RightCowLeftCoast (talk) 05:18, 27 September 2014 (UTC)

@GraemeLeggett: I have reverted an IP editors insertion of "recognized guerrilla" wording, the consensus was against using the wording. While it is a term later used by reliable sources after the fact, it does not encompass all individuals who fall under the grouping in the infobox, as it is a term used primarily by the U.S. Government and differs from the figures used by the Philippine government (from what I know).--RightCowLeftCoast (talk) 19:02, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

This discussion is transcluded from Talk:Philippine resistance against Japan/GA2. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the reassessment.
I actually had a few more comments to the original GA review, but accidentally passed it. Here are my last few comments on prose.


### Prose
The second sentence in the lead is poorly worded. I'd suggest sth like Apart from the Japanese regular forces, the Japanese-formed Bureau of Constabulary (later taking the name of the old Philippine Constabulary in 1943), the Kempeitai, and the Makapili fought against the guerrillas.
Is the first paragraph in the body really necessary?
"nom de guerre" is unclear, like it more clearly to the section.
"aide", typo I assume.
*There are also few grammatical issues, for example:

"also have their own groups of guerrillas fighting the Japanese invaders"
"also occurred much in Leyte before the arrival of..."
guerrilla units, of which Ramon Magsaysay was included"
"benefited from the bill but only the Philippines were not allowed to be granted by such."


### Referencing
I've already found two instances of a cited reference not saying anything in support of the sentence(s) preceding it. It's like they belong against some other text entirely. At this rate, there could be more which are in some way faulty. I think the article should be quickly ratcheted back to B-class until more work is done to verify and fix. GraemeLeggett (talk) 20:40, 13 September 2015 (UTC)
I'll be working overtime to fix the article into regular shape.--Tomandjerry211 (alt) (talk) 21:18, 13 September 2015 (UTC)


### How's it going
It's been awhile. Just if the assessment is still alive. Grammar was fixed and new citations have been added. Anything else that needs fixing? Godzilladude123 (talk) 12:05, 31 December 2015 (UTC)

Tomandjerry211 (or the Tomandjerry211 (alt) account), this is now over eleven months old. Please respond here at your next opportunity, and either close it as kept or note what's left to be fixed. (If you'd prefer, I'm happy to close it for you.) If more fixes are needed, I can notify Godzilladude123 and/or the various WikiProjects in the hopes of finding someone who's willing to do them. Many thanks. BlueMoonset (talk) 02:15, 18 August 2016 (UTC)
I completely forgot about this. Could you please close it for me because I need to do a few other things. Thanks, --Tomandjerry311 (need to talk?) 15:52, 18 August 2016 (UTC)


### Final comment
Closed as "kept" per request of Tomandjerry311, who opened this reassessment. BlueMoonset (talk) 17:15, 18 August 2016 (UTC)

Given that the Huk and the Moros have been verified to attack resistance forces who weren't of their faction, as well as the Japanese. I propose that the infobox be expanded to list those two aforementioned factions as separate to the faction which was loyal to the Commonwealth of the Philippines and the United States.--RightCowLeftCoast (Moo) 22:35, 13 July 2019 (UTC)

I ask @Bulls123, Tomandjerry311, GraemeLeggett,  and Godzilladude123: to weigh in on content dispute relating to the wording of the infobox. The infobox has been significantly changed by Havsjö (talk · contribs) from it's GA state in 2016. I am of the opinion that it makes the infobox non-neutral, and have revert the change to something I believe is more neutral.How should the infobox be? Two combatant, or multiple combatant? Should the forces which opposed the Japanese occupation and the Second Philippine Republic be given a lesser status, and only labelled as guerrillas?--RightCowLeftCoast (Moo) 00:33, 24 July 2019 (UTC)

I was not under the impressions the edits from us 2 were such a dispute or that allegations of non-neutrality was an issue. The allied side is not given "lesser status" listing them as guerrillas. Because the resistance movement on the Philippines was various groups of guerrillas. The current listing with US and its Philippine colony and the "official" Republic of China does not show that guerrilla war/resistance nature of the conflict. China did not send National Revolutionary Army units, for examples. It was just guerrilla groups composed of people from China at the time. US and Philippines were also "only" guerrilla groups, made up of ”escaped” soldiers and civilian volunteers, while Philippines campaign (1944–1945) (or (1941–1942), for that matter) covers the later invasion of regular US Army forces, and lists the belligerents accordingly. The majority of the guerrillas were Filipino, which is why that was listed at the top. I orgiginally connected a flag to the listed individual guerillas, based on their commander, but removed this after considering the its units were mostly consisting of Filipino men despite thatTheir enemies, on the other hand, were the "official units" according to regular army organisation of the Imperial Japanese Army and the Second Philippine Republic (I only shortened the name in the infobox to Philippine Republic as the other name is quite long. I rationalize the shortening as a valid change as the current government of the Philippines recognizes the Republic as a legitimate predecessor, with Jose P. Laurel as a the offical 3rd president of the country. Meaning its not equivalent to, for example, Independent State of Croatia and Croatia today. There was also no other "Philippine Republic" at the time, so there should be no confusion as to what entity is being referred to.) I also have no objection to putting the Republic as a sub-ordinate puppet-state under Japan.
Robert Lapham reports either Luis Taruc or Casto Alejandrino of the Huks met with Col. Thorpe at his Camp Sanchez in the spring of 1942, and the conferees agreed to cooperate, share equipment and supplies, with the Americans providing trainers.  However, though the Huks fought the Japanese, they also "tried to thwart United States Army Forces in the Far East guerrillas", "therefore, they were considered disloyal and were not accorded U.S. recognition or benefits at the end of the war."
Due to this, they can be listed on the ”same side" as the rest of the Anti-Japanese guerrillas, of course separated with the line to show that they are unaffiliated (or rather enemies!) and with the newly added addition (at your good suggestion) to further clarify in the infobox that the Huks also started attacking the US-Filipino recognized guerrillas.
I will therefor revert the version the one that has been standing for a very long time now. The GA-status of the text in the article should not be affected by a greatly clarified and non-cluttered infobox, which lists the main guerrilla-commanders and their corresponding units (in order of size), as the previous infobox omitted several of these and included very low ranking people who happened to become more famous later on in life.--Havsjö (talk) 07:03, 24 July 2019 (UTC)
After some consideration, I have updated/restored your suggestion (although not fully, for example, in regards to China). The inclusion of the guerrillas in the "units" section, should be enough. I have not created more rows for the Huks or Moros, though, as both "tried" to be in on the same anti-japanese side, even though (as noted in the infobox) attacks in US guerrillas happened. --Havsjö (talk) 08:14, 24 July 2019 (UTC)
This lists Chinese volunteers as beligerents with a link to the Republic of China (as opposed to ethnic Chinese Philippinos). This would appear to be an error. I would tend to support a three belligerent listing as this appears to be more consistent with the "facts". A further comment is that the infobox appears to be being used as a repository for information not in the article as opposed to being a summary of the article. Regards, Cinderella157 (talk) 23:28, 6 August 2019 (UTC)

Recently, a user by the name of JJUPLOADS22 (talk · contribs) tried to add the Philippine Communist Party as an independent faction from the US and the Philippines, despite being aligned to the Philippine Commonwealth during the war. The user attempted to make the case that because Hukbalahap forces occasionally clashed with non-communist guerrillas, then the Hukbalahap was anti-commonwealth. However they fail to recognize that the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas, the party with which the Hukbalahap was affiliated with, was part of the Commonwealth government before and during the war, and was not banned by the Philippine government until 1948. Furthermore, rivalries and clashes with other guerrilla units was not something exclusive to the Hukbalahap; the Hunters ROTC and Marking Guerrillas, both units of the USAFFE, also had clashes with each other during the war. Therefore this should serve as enough proof that the PKP fought for the Commonwealth, and as such should not be listed as separate from the Commonwealth and US forces. HawkNightingale175 (talk) 20:02, 28 April 2025 (UTC)

The US forces disarmed the huks at the end, they imprisoned them and killed them and when the us was invading the philippines, they suppressed the huks as the huks started taking over the provinces of Nueva Ecija, Tarlac and Pampanga. That's one of the main reasons they rebelled. Also, please cite sources that they were aligned to the commonwealth. Do not put them under the commonwealth as it looks like they were a part of the USAFE, when they weren't.  JJUPLOADS22 (talk) 20:13, 28 April 2025 (UTC)
On the infobox it is shown that the Hukbalahap were not recognized as part of the USAFFE, though that does not mean that they were not aligned with the Commonwealth. Additionally, the wording of your post comes off as biased and unprofessional and as such your edits cannot be taken seriously HawkNightingale175 (talk) 16:59, 30 April 2025 (UTC)
The huks are literally put under the unit section, below the commonwealth and USA. Also, you dodged my earlier questions and procceded to randomly accuse me of being biased, could you please explain where i was biased, i would thank you if you could. Also, what of my edits "cannot be taken seriously"? Also provide an explanation for that. JJUPLOADS22 (talk) 12:49, 1 May 2025 (UTC)
"They imprisoned them and killed them", "when the us was invading the philippines", have an anti-American bias and contradict the neutral point of view that Wikipedia editors should use HawkNightingale175 (talk) 16:29, 1 May 2025 (UTC)
Because that's what they did? What words do you want me to use? The US invaded the philippines from the japanese, what do you want me to say, that they friendly sent their troops to occupy filipino territory? With that logic, saying that Russia invaded Ukraine is Anti-Russian Bias? It really seems that you're dodging my points to make stupid affirmations.JJUPLOADS22 (talk) 16:34, 1 May 2025 (UTC)
Still, your assertion that the Hukbalahap and Moro guerrillas did not fight under the Commonwealth is incorrect given the evidence that I gave in the initial post. The fact that they engaged in some clashes with other guerrilla armies is not sufficient proof that they were anti-Commonwealth. Unless you can provide evidence that the Hukbalahap and Moros were explicitly not aligned to the Philippine Commonwealth, your edits will continue to be reverted. Please stop the edit warring when your edits have been proven as factually inaccurate, or else you will be reported. HawkNightingale175 (talk) 18:53, 3 May 2025 (UTC)
What evidence did you give? You didn't prove anything factually inaccurate, you didn't provide any source or evidence. I already gave evidence that the US arrested and imprisioned Huk groups at the end of the war when the huks were taking over the provinces of Nueva Ecija, Tarlac and Pampanga. Here is the source: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/AD1112093.pdf. Please provide a source or evidence of your claims, before editing the page. JJUPLOADS22 (talk) 21:23, 3 May 2025 (UTC)
That is not evidence that the Huks considered themselves to be anti-US or anti-Commonwealth. Just because the US did not recognize them and made moves to suppress them does not mean that the Huks did not consider themselves to be a part of the Commonwealth and the PKP a part of the Commonwealth Government. There is nothing in the source you provided that states that the Huks were attempting to form their own communist country in the Philippines. US removed them becsuse they didn't want communists in the Commonwealth government. HawkNightingale175 (talk) 21:23, 4 May 2025 (UTC)
So they have to create their own government to not be aligned to the commonwealth? When did i say that? A group doesn't have to create their own government to be opposed to something. Also, the fact that the us arrested and even attacked huks at the huklandia area (as in the source) just proves that they weren't under the commonwealth. And you still didn't cite a single source or evidence which says the Huks considered themselves a part of the commonwealth. JJUPLOADS22 (talk) 18:49, 5 May 2025 (UTC)
How does that prove that they were not under the Commonwealth? The United States being against and arresting the Huks does not prove that the Huks themselves considered themselves to be opposed to the Philippine Commonwealth. HawkNightingale175 (talk) 01:29, 7 May 2025 (UTC)
It literally is? The US Attacked and arrested them, How would they like them when they literally attacked them? What's your logic? You still didn't provide a single evidence of them supporting the commonwealth. JJUPLOADS22 (talk) 17:15, 7 May 2025 (UTC)
@JJUPLOADS22, just putting here that you're still reverting disputed material that two separate editors do not believe is verified by your source. Totally unacceptable. "Where's your source?" is facile nonsense—you're the only one who's making additions that need to be cited! Remsense ‥ 论 12:44, 10 May 2025 (UTC)
Two separate editors? Cinderella was a sockpuppet of @HawkNightingale175. Also, provide claims that they supported the commonwealth, "Believe" does not exist if they literally were verified by the source.  JJUPLOADS22 (talk) 12:47, 10 May 2025 (UTC)
Facile nonsense? So he can just put the unsourced claim that they were under the commonwealth? Also my claims were cited, by the source i already have shown and talked about multiple times. "In mid-February, U.S. troops arrested members of the Huk GHQ and imprisoned them in San Fernando." that's where it is. JJUPLOADS22 (talk) 12:51, 10 May 2025 (UTC)
Comment @JJUPLOADS22: I do not think that your source The Hukbalahap Insurrection by Greenburg (2001) Chapter II World War II and Huk Expansion supports your position. This article is about Huk resistance to the Japanese during World War II. 
"Willing to fight the invaders but unable to secure agreement with the Quezon administration", "Spurned by", "restrained by", "less than enthusiastic support", "less than cordial", "any significant degree of cooperation". None of those are signs of any active hostilities, simply lack of cooperation. Page 25 has "Although not supported by fact or events, these charges increased tension between the two groups". Page 28 also points out that McArthur's headquarters put out a false report about the Huk's actions.
The only mention of Huk anti-American actions is "USAFFE arms caches hidden in Luzon's central plain were looted". I don't know if "looted" was an attack on US aligned forces. 
The only mention of US anti-Huk actions is in Chapter III "Between Liberation and Independence" after liberation (page 34) and didn't involve the Japanese at all. Sammy D III (talk) 17:54, 10 May 2025 (UTC)
Another comment: HawkNightingale175 has been blocked (not sure why) and probably can't respond any more. Sammy D III (talk) 19:12, 10 May 2025 (UTC)

He was blocked because he was a socketmaster.  JJUPLOADS22 (talk) 20:01, 10 May 2025 (UTC)
They have only posted here under one account. What they said still counts. Sammy D III (talk) 00:55, 11 May 2025 (UTC)
In a page of the book it says that "In mid-February, U.S. troops arrested members of the Huk GHQ and imprisoned them in San Fernando.". JJUPLOADS22 (talk) 17:08, 20 May 2025 (UTC)
@JJUPLOADS22: I believe that you are correct and I owe you a huge apology. I didn't read enough of The Hukbalahap Insurrection by Greenburg (2001). I think that "aligned to the Philippine Commonwealth" (first sentence of section) is wrong. I don't see the Huk as "aligned" to anybody, everyone was always against them.
In 1942 the Huk asked the US for support, it didn't go well (page 17-18, PDF 29-30). From then on "coexisted in an atmosphere of mutual mistrust" + "Of the Huk units, only one...managed any significant degree of cooperation"(p.19), "low-level fight for control"(p.25), "increased tension between the two groups" but also "two Huk squadrons cooperated closely with the US" (p.26). In February 1944 "US troops arrested members of the Huk GHQ" and were disarming Huks "at rifle-point" (p.34). The US was always negative to the Huk (p. 27, 33-34).
The Huk were communist so the US automatically hated them. (I don't know how the US and Commonwealth relate, though). The US at best tolerated them (other than two Recon squadrons). They had a common enemy for a couple of years but I don't think that is "aligned".
That's just one source and it's sort of biased pro-communist (from the US Army?) but it makes it pretty clear that the US hated the Huk. There are a ton of others above. Sorry for my first post. Sammy D III (talk) 23:02, 20 May 2025 (UTC)

No needs to apologize. Thank you. JJUPLOADS22 (talk) 17:31, 21 May 2025 (UTC)

According to D. G. E. Hall in his book A History of South-East Asia, more Filipino guerrillas were killed by rival Filipino guerrillas than by Japanese soldiers.

Guerrillas used Philippine Army small arms such as the M1917 Enfield, and M1911 pistol.  Constabulary firearms such as the M1903 Springfield and the Thompson submachine gun were also used.  There were also a few obsolete constabulary rifles such as the Krag and the Remington Rolling Block rifle.  Among the supplies American submarines delivered to the guerrillas were M1 carbines.  When the Americans returned in 1944 they equipped guerrillas with M1918 Browning automatic rifles, M1 Garands, and M3 submachine guns.  Some Mondragón rifles were supplied by the Mexicans.
Some improvised cannons, similar to those used by the Philippine Revolutionary Army, were also employed by guerrillas.
Guerrillas also employed captured Japanese weapons such as the Type 92 heavy machine gun, Type 11 light machine gun, Type 99 rifle, Type 38 rifle, vz. 24, and Nambu pistol.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.3.27.206 (talk) 10:17, 13 July 2025 (UTC) 


### See also
Danao, Cebu