# Talk:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)

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When were the provisions of this treaty first broken by the United States Government?—Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.200.116.136 (talk • contribs) 

Was the treaty ever in force? Can a treaty be in force that was concluded under pressure (Red Cloud's War) contrary to valid international law (Article 1 of the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramy)?--Son sonson 16:09, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
gurl what is this "{{for|the 1851 treaty by the same name|Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)"  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.250.168.131 (talk) 13:20, 25 March 2022 (UTC) 

At visit to Grant's Tomb I saw a historical display stating that this treaty was the last to recognize the sovereignty of a native American nation.  Is there support for this? patsw 23:30, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Somebody might want to note that the Lakotas *refused to accept* the over-$100 million settlement. twang 21 December 2007.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.100.244.39 (talk) 09:55, 21 December 2007 (UTC) 

I thought this was a cool article...would love to see it more in depth.  I have read alot about how after the first Treaty dealt with, most of the tribal members didn't show up for the signing of the second treaty.  So the agents responsible for the treaty, forged alot of the Indian 'signatures' or marks.  Kawasak.kid (talk) 01:22, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

I think the map should be updated to reflect also article 16 of the treaty. See, for example national geographic map 1868  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.161.59.12 (talk) 02:07, 3 November 2016 (UTC) 

I read that it was in Fort Rice actually/learned that in school; is that right? http://www.standingrocktourism.com/history/chiefView.asp?ID=12  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.26.26.235 (talk) 00:25, 26 September 2013 (UTC) 

The treaty was signed by different tribes and leaders at different times and places. Many did sign at Fort Laramie, but some did not at first make peace and later signed at Fort Rice, notably Sitting Bull of the Hunkpapa Sioux.[1][2][3]. SpinningSpark 07:50, 26 September 2013 (UTC)

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In the treaty, the U.S. included all Ponca lands in the Great Sioux Reservation. Conflict between the Ponca and the Sioux/Lakota, who now claimed the land as their own by U.S. law, forced the U.S. to remove the Ponca from their own ancestral lands in Nebraska to land in Oklahoma; it did not meet the needs of the Ponca, many of whom made their way back to Nebraska. Article 16 in the treaty specified that in addition  "the country north of the North Platte River and east of the summits of the Big Horn Mountains shall be held and considered to be unceded Indian territory,[...] no white person or persons shall be permitted to settle upon or occupy any portion of the same; or without the consent of the Indians first had and obtained, to pass through the same."
The treaty includes an article intended to "ensure the civilization" of the Lakota, financial incentives for them to farm land and become competitive, and stipulations that minors should be provided with an "English education" at a "mission building." To this end the U.S. government included in the treaty that white teachers, blacksmiths, a farmer, a miller, a carpenter, an engineer and a government agent should take up residence within the reservation. In the late 19th century, the federal government shifted from mission schools on reservations to establishing Indian boarding schools; the first was the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania. Chief Manuelito sent his sons to this school, believing that it would help them eventually protect their freedoms.
Repeated violations of the otherwise exclusive rights to the land by gold prospectors led to the Black Hills War. Migrant workers seeking gold had crossed the reservation borders in violation of the treaty. Indians had attacked these gold prospectors and war ensued. The U.S. government seized the Black Hills land in 1877. It later broke up the Great Sioux Reservation into several reduced reservations.

Moving this here for now, since it's mostly uncited. Will incorporate back into the article in time as sources are found. Will use this content to look. GMGtalk  16:04, 8 March 2018 (UTC)

Mallory, Gerrick: “The Corbusier Winter Counts.” Smithsonian Institution. 4th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1882-’83. Washington, 1886. Pp. 127-146.
Serial 1220, 38th Congress, 2nd Session, Vol. 5, House Executive Document No. 1.
Hey Naawada2016. I'm trying to make all the reference formatting consistent. For these two references, did you find them available online anywhere? Because I haven't been able to so far. GMGtalk 18:22, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

Hey GreenMeansGo. Sorry, I am not on Wikipedia all the time. About Mallory - try this: https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/annualreportofbu418821883smit
What I did to a start was this: I made an ordinary search for "Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology" and came to Smithsonian Institution. All the Annual Reports are there. The winter counts are a small parts of the entire fourth volume. All right?
About Serial 1220 etc, please give me some time and I will come back. It is something of a task you have taken upon you, so thanks.Naawada2016 (talk) 09:11, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
Hey, no worries Naawada2016. Thanks for all your help fleshing out the article. I knew basically nothing about the subject when I started (which is part of why it was fun). Incidentally, I've already nominated it for OTD here for November 6, the 150th anniversary of Red Cloud's signing. But I'll admit I've wondered whether we could be super bold, and try to get it to WP:TFA on that day instead. Probably means we would have to skip GA entirely and go straight to FA, which is a whole different kind of bold.
Other than the few remaining citations (which I'll try to remedy today if I can), I wonder if someone super experienced with GA reviews like User:Ritchie333 or User:Serial Number 54129 might be willing to give us a quick pre-vetting to see if there's anything we're missing that would be obviously caught in the GA review. GMGtalk 12:18, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
Hey againGreenMeansGo. About Serial 1220 etc: I can't give you a source on the net. Actually, it is a speech of Arikara chief White Shield in 1864. Now, this is just an extra source about the situation of the three village tribes on the Upper Missouri during the 1850s and 1860s. We can delete this "Serial 1220" source and just keep the reference to Roy W. Meyer's book, which should be all right. What is best? You have used many hours on this article and I will accept any decision of yours. (It comes as a surprise for my, but yes - 1868 and 2018. Anniversary!)Naawada2016 (talk) 05:38, 28 April 2018 (UTC)
Well, there's no absolute requirement that sources be online. It's just that if they were, it's definitely best to include a link. If you have access to a paper copy, it might be best to include a short quotation in the citation so that it increases verifiability for readers. If you can type up that quotation and post it here, I can take care of the formatting for you. GMGtalk 10:36, 28 April 2018 (UTC)
The original source is an Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1864. Usually they are on the Serial Number Set as Executive Doc. No. 1. I have (old) hand written copies from microfilms. BUT - I made a search for the printed book and found it here  https://archive.org/details/annualreportcom15affagoog    Does it make sense? The speech of Arikara head chief White Shield is on page 264. We may quote, "We, the Arickarees, have been driven from our country on the other side of the Missouri river by the Dakotas". I think it is all right to quote from the Annual Report - or is it original research? We quote from other official documents as far as I know - statistical reports, a census and so on. Next - how about the Ponca Indians? Some old text about the situation of the Poncas following the 1868 Sioux treaty is removed or paused. Are you working on some text? I have written this (in Italic) to the text included under "Article II", following the line "'No one has ever been able to explain' this blunder", ref. to Howard: The Ponca Tribe. Instead of restoring the Ponca title to the reservation, "...government soldiers were sent in to remove the Ponca..." in 1877. (ref: Buffalohead, Eric: "Dhegihan History: A Personal Journey. Plains Anthropologist. Vol. 49 (Nov. 2004), No. 192, pp. 327-343, quote p. 329). The Sioux kept up their raids on the Poncas following the signing of the 1868 treaty. (Ref: Standing Bear, Luther (1975): My People, the Sioux. Lincoln. P. 75.   Ref: Howard, James H. (1965): The Ponca Tribe. Pp. 29 and 133   Ref: McGinnis, Anthony (1990): Counting Coup and Cutting Horses. Evergreen. P. 127). The only new source is Eric Buffalohead, himself a Ponca. Use your own text about the Poncas or take what is all right in mine.Naawada2016 (talk) 08:08, 29 April 2018 (UTC)