# Talk:Kidney stone disease

"Prevention
...
Dietary measures
...
* Increasing intake of citrate-rich drinks such as lemonade and orange juice
...
* Limiting vitamin C intake to less than 1,000 mg (1.0 g) per day
..."
Is there a contradiction? Citrate-rich drinks are also vitamin-C-rich.

That is what the source says [1] Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 16:21, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

[2] Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 11:57, 23 May 2015 (UTC)

Does this deserve a mention? JuanTamad (talk) 09:19, 16 July 2017 (UTC)

Article states:
"High dietary intake of potassium appears to reduce the risk of stone formation because potassium promotes the urinary excretion of citrate, an inhibitor of calcium crystal formation."
This seems illogical. If the effect of K is to increase excretion and hence lower citrate levels, how does this reduce stone formation? Removing an inhibitor would presumably increase it. Carusus (talk) 21:24, 24 August 2017 (UTC)

doi:10.2215/​CJN.11201016 CJASN. JFW | T@lk 08:20, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

Article reads that "nearly all stones are visible on CT scans" this however is simply not true. A quick search on pubmed along the lines of "False negatives renal stone CT scan" brings up plenty of articles showing false negative rates ranging from 5-30% on CT imaging.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2422967/#:~:text=Of%20the%20discrepancies%20found%20between,complex%20cyst%20and%20renal%20mass.
https://www.kidneynews.org/kidney-news/findings/ultrasound-vs-ct-initial-test-for-kidney-stones#:~:text=Diagnostic%20accuracy%20was%2034.5%20percent,evaluation%20of%20suspected%20kidney%20stones.

So this section should be changed because it is clearly not the case that nearly all stones are visible on CT scans and clearly the case that many stones are not visible.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.207.53.131 (talk) 09:20, 16 January 2021 (UTC) 

Summary of additions from Cochrane review studies
- To surgery: added comparison of stent vs no stent in surgery
- To lithotripsy: added info on the use of alpha-blockers as post-treatment medication
- To diet: clarified information about the impact of drinking more water
- To medical expulsive therapy: added details to information on alpha blockers
- To children: added info on treatment options and comparisons for urinary stones in children
--Gsom12812 (talk) 22:25, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

A 2021 systematic review by Barghouthy et al. found that tea, especially green tea, had a protective effect against kidney stone formation. Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee also had a protective role against stone formation. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00345-020-03561-w
A 2021 systematic review by Jones et al. concluded that smoking appears to increase the risk of kidney stone disease. Other lifestyle factors, which included alcohol and exercise, were not found to have a clear effect. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/end.2020.0378
A 2020 review by Ferraro et al. found that "Based on the available evidence, a balanced vegetarian diet with dairy products seems to be the most protective diet for kidney stone patients." https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/3/779/htm