# Talk:Jews in the civil rights movement

Hello, I am confused why this page was created a month ago, when the page African American–Jewish relations has been on wikipedia since 2010? Like, why is this a separate new page, when in the lede of African American-Jewish relations the civil rights movement is mentioned. Soyembika (talk) 04:39, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

Because there is need for a specific entry. This is a focus article on the issue which is not widely enough covered.  Homerethegreat (talk) 09:51, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
the article African American–Jewish relations is far wider in its scope. This article is specific in its scope, referring specifically to Jews and the Civil Rights movement which is notable enough a topic to warrant its own article. Homerethegreat (talk) 09:52, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
What is in this article that is not covered in Civil rights movement#American Jews and African American–Jewish relations#Civil rights movement ? I feel like this article contains less information and detail than the other two. Soyembika (talk) 14:49, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
This article is 40,000 bytes+. Of course further information can be added. And from what I saw from both articles this article covers more than each one individually. Either how, there is no question of notability. On the contrary, I invite you to add further information and make this article more informative. You're most welcome to do so. Please feel free to ask any other questions. Homerethegreat (talk) 17:52, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
Because there is a large amount of american Jews telling black people "you owe us one" re. the Israel situation. This page creation is just as cynical as a right-winger compiling a screed on "Judeo-Bolshevism." Sheila1988 (talk) 09:26, 15 December 2023 (UTC)
Although I do not fully understand your comment, it does seem inappropriate and disconnected. Please raise actual problems regarding the topic of the article. Homerethegreat (talk) 13:41, 16 December 2023 (UTC)

Hi @Homerethegreat, following up on our discussion at ERRORS. As I said there, I have a significant concern about this article's reliance on newsmedia sources for very impactful claims, especially given the healthy academic discourse that exists about this topic. When editors are built out of less-reliable sources like newspapers and magazines, it's easy to fall into WP:SYNTH and WP:DUE traps, even if one is proceeding with the best of intentions. That's what's happened with the use of "pivotal role" here, which is, at best, an over-simplification of the academic view on the topic, and at worst risks presenting a false narrative.
I am lucky enough to count as a relative one of the preeminent scholars of Black–Jewish relations, Cheryl Greenberg. (To avoid any accusation that that assessment is biased by kinship: Her Troubling the Waters: Black–Jewish Relations in the American Century is very widely-cited in academia [moreso than almost any other text in the field], and she is also cited quite a bit here on Wikipedia, including 9 citations and two in-text mentions in African American–Jewish relations.) I asked her for her expert opinion on this article, and her feeling was that none of it is wrong, but that it presents an overly simplified view of interactions between Black people and Jews at the time. And she feels that pop-culture-oriented sources on Jews' role in the civil rights movement tend to overemphasize the role of faith and Jewish ethics in accounting for Jews' disproportionate role in the movement, rather than looking at more practical factors.
Moving back to my own analysis for a moment, there's a risk here of POV-forking, inasmuch as there is no article on Jews during the civil rights movement, so this article's scope by definition restricts itself to the more positive half of a complex dynamic. It may be worth discussing whether this article should be rescoped that way, as a time-based sub-article of African American–Jewish relations rather than an ethnicity-based sub-article of Civil rights movement. In either eventuality, though, since I see you plan on bringing this to GA, in my opinion this cannot meet GA standards (specifically 2b, 2c, and 4) without being based primarily on scholarly sources, and to that end I bring the following recommendations from Dr. Greenberg:

The writings of Marc Dollinger. (His most notable work on the subject is Black Power, Jewish Politics.)
The writings of Clive Webb. (Most notable work Fight Against Fear: Southern Jews and Black Civil Rights.)
The controversial essay "Negroes Are Anti-Semitic Because They're Anti-White" by James Baldwin, and this 2022 analysis of it by Terrence L. Johnson and Jacques Berlinerblau
And, of course, her own writings
 -- Tamzin[cetacean needed] (they|xe|she) 19:13, 16 December 2023 (UTC)

Wow! I'm delighted for all the constructive criticism. I'm very happy you asked the expert opinion of Ms Greenberg. I do think due to the extensive discussions on the topic that it merits a stand alone article. Regarding scope regarding current relations, I think that is best in African American-Jewish relations page. I thought it was best that this article deal with Jews in the Civil Rights movement specifically and not current politics etc which I feel this page should not cover. Of course, I'll be very happy for your continued help in the matter as well as understand what Mrs Greenberg thinks ought to be included in the article in order for it to be well versed, more informative and accurate and thus deal with the full scope of the matter.  Homerethegreat (talk) 08:55, 17 December 2023 (UTC)
the concerns about synthesis and own research re: this pages creation are shared by me too. homer, this feels like a personal project of yours rather than something that belongs on mainspace Soyembika (talk) 13:07, 12 January 2024 (UTC)
Just as an update: I recently went through this to remove the "personal essay" elements, such as summations and editorial commentary. It felt like someone was making an essay for history class and building to a thesis, rather than presenting encyclopedic content. (Not @Homerethegreat's fault, mind. I think it's easy to lapse into learned habits.)
I had actually missed this discussion but am heartened that many of the sources Cheryl Greenberg suggests have already been covered by me. (I also did a lot of work on the African American–Jewish relations article, which I felt also had some issues re POV, such as leaving out a lot of African American sources.)
I will take a look at the sources I missed and will see if there's anything else to add. It looks like Clive Webb is the main one (but maybe also some more of Greenberg's work). In the meantime, @Tamzin and @Soyembika, do you think this article is now headed in the right direction? It feels a lot more neutral to me, both in tone and balance of information/perspectives. There might be a couple of spots where we could clean up tone/POV still and the critique might be a tad too gentle still, but it avoids controversy. Lewisguile (talk) 07:33, 8 May 2024 (UTC)
By "controversy", I mean "anything too controversial"/likely to be contested or offensive. I think the broad controversies are now covered in a reasonably balanced fashion. Lewisguile (talk) 07:35, 8 May 2024 (UTC)
thank you! :) and thank you for the ping, this page is def moving in good directions! i appreciate your edits! Soyembika (talk) 04:36, 16 June 2024 (UTC)
I'm pleased to hear it. Thank you for responding! Lewisguile (talk) 09:32, 16 June 2024 (UTC)

This review is transcluded from Talk:Jews in the civil rights movement/GA1. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.
Nominator: Homerethegreat (talk · contribs) 21:18, 30 November 2023 (UTC)
Reviewer: Kimikel (talk · contribs) 13:44, 5 July 2024 (UTC)
Hello! I will be taking this one on as part of the July GA backlog drive. Please expect a review in the coming days. 
VERDICT: This is a quality article that needs a few issues resolved before GA status. Please consider implementing the below suggestions. To allow time for said changes, I am putting this article on a 7 day hold. Additionally, a second opinion from an experienced reviewer will be needed before a final verdict can be passed. This is easily the most complex article I have reviewed, so I personally welcome a second opinion on the matter. Thank you for your work. Kimikel (talk) 02:55, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

Hi @Kimikel and @Homerethegreat - I'm happy to claim this assist as part of the July backlog drive and step in to provide advice where needed. I'll take a look over the article and review thus far later today and provide my feedback, but so far so good! —Ganesha811 (talk) 12:03, 10 July 2024 (UTC)
Thanks! I’ll try and implement the changes when I have some free time :). Homerethegreat (talk) 04:16, 11 July 2024 (UTC)
I will now begin correcting per your suggestions :). Homerethegreat (talk) 11:35, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
Ganesha811, Kimikel
Hey guys, I've gone through the below. I believe I fixed the issues. Please ping me if there's anything left! Thank you :). Homerethegreat (talk) 13:06, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
Thanks for your work on the fixes! @Homerethegreat, I think there are issues to address in the rest of the citations, though. I only went through them up to #30. Kimikel, I suggest you go through the rest with an eye to the kind of issues mentioned below. Some things stand out even with a quick glance - for instance, cite #45 (Greater Miami Jewish Federation) has nothing to do with the information it's used to support. —Ganesha811 (talk) 13:33, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
Hey, I went over the citations again, I hope it's better now. Thank you for the time and patience. Please ping me if there's anything else.  Homerethegreat (talk) 20:29, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
I've also made a few tiny CEs. I hope we can inch this over the finish line. Lewisguile (talk) 09:11, 13 July 2024 (UTC)
Thank you!  Homerethegreat (talk) 18:14, 13 July 2024 (UTC)
Lewisguile, can you see anything I’ve missed by any chance? If the reviewers add further notes on fixes that need doing and you have the time then I’d be more than glad to see you do the fixes :). If there’s a bigger issue then just ping me :). Homerethegreat (talk) 18:20, 13 July 2024 (UTC)
No problem. I've subscribed to this thread to get notifications, so I'll check it out if that happens. I'm hoping it's good to go now, but I'll read it through again today and double check. Lewisguile (talk) 06:21, 14 July 2024 (UTC)
@Homerethegreat @Lewisguile: I just went through the sources and made the edits I deemed necessary for GA status. Thank you guys for all of your work; I am now going to close this review and approve it for GA. Congratulations! Kimikel (talk) 20:27, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
Amazing! Huge thanks to you and to Ganesha811 for the time and patience spent on this review! And of course a huge thank you to Lewisguile :)! Homerethegreat (talk) 21:23, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
BTW, I've adjusted the lede. I think it accurately reflects the entirety of the article now without massively increasing the word count. It broadly reflects the article structure: a brief overview of groups/individuals involved, an overview of the reasons/challenges involved, and a quick nod to the continued efforts to collaborate since the 1960s. Lewisguile (talk) 13:56, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
Incidentally, for the future, I would recommend installing User:Novem Linguae/Scripts/GANReviewTool - it makes the process of closing nominations much easier! If you haven't used Wikipedia scripts before, I can explain how to install them in more detail. —Ganesha811 (talk) 23:06, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
Thanks. I'll take a look at the review tool today. Looks like I need to read it through a few times. :-P
Thanks to everyone for getting this up to shape. It's an important topic and I'm glad it's been done right. Lewisguile (talk) 07:07, 17 July 2024 (UTC)


### Comments from Ganesha811
For me, the most important thing to look at in any GA review is sourcing. Good, reliable, independent sources form the foundation for a high-quality article. With that said, I have some questions about the sourcing used here:

Is FOR-USA a reliable source? That citation is also missing the author (Dekar)
The Ron Field work is a book and should be cited as such, including ISBN and publisher.
Is History.com a reliable source? The History Channel is nowadays known for sensationalism and doesn't have a strong reputation for fact-checking.
Can the three sources above really be used to claim that the method of the Civil Rights movement was "studying and applying the words of the Sermon on the Mount, the documents of America's Founding Fathers, and the words and techniques of Mohandas Gandhi". This sentence implies those three things were the only sources of inspiration for Civil Rights leaders.
Why is the Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism a reliable source? I'm not saying it isn't, but all sources should be assessed for reliability.
What makes Unpacked a reliable source?
#16 (Golden) is missing an ISBN. This is a recurring issue. Also check for missing authors, publishers, etc.
#17 (Labovitz) appears to be a student thesis (see WP:SCHOLARSHIP section on dissertations) and the citation is malformed.
Is My Jewish Learning a reliable source? The original link also 404s and should be marked as dead.
Cite #23 (Cohen and Fein) is malformed.
Cite #25 (UCLA) seems like an odd source to simply state that Spingarn was a key figure in the NAACP - is he not mentioned in any secondary histories of the organization? #26 is a NYTimes article which could be used.
Cite #27 (Bibliopolis) doesn't contain the information it's used to support. Also, if the citation is actually to this book, it should be cited to the book, not to the description of the book on a bookseller's website.
Cite #28 (Amira Schroder) is malformed.
What makes MomentMagazine (Cite #29, to youtube) reliable? What timestamp is being used for the information given?
I'll stop there for now, but I think there are significant sourcing issues. Many of the sources *are* reliable (scholarly papers and works), but some are not, and almost all of them are formatted oddly or incorrectly. I think these issues should be addressed before the review is complete.
Other comments:

The lead concludes "The collaboration between Jews and African Americans helped each minority address legalized societal limits". What were the legalized societal limits that applied to Jews in the 1950s and 1960s? There may well have been some, but I don't see any mentioned in this article.
About 50 percent of the civil rights attorneys in the South during the 1960s were Jews, as well as over 50 percent of the Whites who went to Mississippi in 1964 to challenge Jim Crow laws. This sentence is a copyright violation and has to be modified or removed.
In general, why are those 4 activists (well, 5 activists) singled out for their own individual sections? On what criteria were they chosen? The prior sections mention many other Jewish civil rights figures - what led to these 5 getting their own separate sections?


### Well-written
Copyvio check does not reveal any plagiarizing
Overall, this article is well-copyedited and is mostly error-free.


#### Lead
"leaders such as Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel and Jack Greenberg marched" >leaders, such as Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel and Jack Greenberg, marched
"and also contributed" > and contributed


#### Overview of Jews and Jewish organizations in the civil rights movement
"In 1910, other prominent figures helped establish the National Urban League." > like whom? in what capacity?


#### NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
"and Jack Greenberg who succeeded" > and Jack Greenberg, who succeeded


#### Murder of Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman in Mississippi
"rights activists murdered" > rights activists who were murdered
Last paragraph too short, merge with previous paragraph


#### Jack Greenberg
remove year of birth and death, merge paragraphs


#### Joachim Prinz
quotations should not be italicized
"(As Jews)" > [As Jews]
"There he said:" > In it, he stated that


#### Criticism
"even during the Civil Rights Era there wasn't" >even during the Civil Rights Era, there was not
"He argues that today Black people tend to downplay the collaboration while Jews tend" > In 2001, he argued that Black people tended to downplay the collaboration, while Jews tended
Jewish advocacy." > Jewish advocacy".
"Hannah Labovitz has argued against romanticizing the era, saying "this is" > Hannah Labovitz argued against the romanticization of the era, claiming it was not "a story about[...]"
"Kantrowitz argues" > Kantrowitz argued
"points to a disparity" > pointed to a disparity
"Hacker also quotes Julius Lester, an African American convert to Judaism, who has argued that African Americans may reject the perceived paternalism of some Jews within the civil rights movement, noting that this can itself be seen as a form of "benevolent racism"." > this whole sentence reads oddly. maybe: Julis Lester, an African American convert to Judaism, argued that some African Americans may have rejected the perceived paternalism of some Jews within the civil rights movement, which Hacker labelled as a form of "benevolent racism".


#### Legacy
"the 1967 war" > the Six-Day war


### Verifiable
Endnote 5 has a formatting error ("Field" and https are merged)
"The Civil Rights Movement: Major Events and Legacies | AP US History Study Guide from The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History" needs to be archived (url leads to error). also cut the AP US History part out of the title
spot check [7]: good
spot check [21]: good
spot check [62]: good


### Broad
Comprehensive in its coverage


### Neutral
Article is neutral, includes both positive and negative perspectives on Jewish involvement in civil rights movement


### Stable
Stable, no edit wars


### Illustrated
"Joachim Prinz, Martin Luther King Jr., and Shad Polier at American Jewish Congress fundraising event" > would be nice if you labelled who was who (i.e. Martin Luther King (center-right) etc.)
Images are all good license-wise and are beneficial to article as a whole

Apart from the date format not being consistent from citation to citation, these are the issues I found up to about halfway
12: missing author.
14: missing original pub date
16: doesn't need Staff, Unpacked
20: Missing pub date, uncapitalize author name
23: Missing author
26: Missing author
27: title should be capitalized
28: contradicts article text (says 1913-1919, not 1914-1919)
30: Remove NAACP from author
32: same as what was said earlier, should link to book not description of book
34: has these ↵↵ at the end
35: same as said before
36: there should be a period after title
37: Columbia Law School should be website title
41: uncapitalize author name. also the exact same citation as 43 and 47
44: missing pub date
46: missing pub date
....
Citations that have the website title in the article title, and a url in the website title spot:
2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 20, 22, 28, 30, 31, 39, 40, 42, 44, 49, 50, 51, 54, 56, 58...
@Ganesha811: I am starting to come to the conclusion that this article is quite far from meeting criteria 2a. In your opinion, at this point, would it be appropriate to fail the article for that reason, or would it be better to go through and fix every single one? I have no issue with either, so please let me know what your opinion is. Kimikel (talk) 23:56, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

If I were the reviewer, I'd say that Homerethegreat has been very commendably prompt about fixing issues so far, so I'd say that they should be given a shot to go through the references thoroughly and fix them up. However, you're right that it's quite a few issues to be fixed, so if Homere doesn't have time to get to them, it's certainly a valid cause for a failure. —Ganesha811 (talk) 00:10, 13 July 2024 (UTC)
Got it, I will check the other half soon, thanks for the response Kimikel (talk) 00:28, 13 July 2024 (UTC)
Hi  Kimikel and Ganesha811! I did not see that another section was opened, my apologies. I ran through the list and did almost everything listed.
I did not understand the problem with ref 32 (Fowle, Farnsworth), and therefore did not address it. Is it possible to specify further?  Lewisguile perhaps you understood the problem? I removed ref 35,30 and combined ref 41,43,47. I also went on beyond ref 58 and fixed the website article title issue.
Please ping me if there's anything left! Homerethegreat (talk) 19:11, 15 July 2024 (UTC)
@Homerethegreat thank you for your work. The issue with 32 is that the URL should lead to the actual content of the book itself, not a description of the book. If you can't find an online version of the book, you can just leave the URL tab empty. After a quick look through the sources it's looking much better, I'll do a full review soon. Thank you! Kimikel (talk) 22:09, 15 July 2024 (UTC)
Thank you :). Regarding ref 32 (now ref 31) of Fowle, Farnsworth https://www.nytimes.com/1971/12/02/archives/arthur-spingarn-of-naacp-is-dead-arthur-spingarn-exhead-of-naacp.html is a New York Times article from 1972 on the death of Arthur Spingarn. Perhaps you're referring to another reference? Thank you for the patience and I await your review!  Homerethegreat (talk) 18:16, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

There was a template to expand the lede (or lead if you're in the US) to better cover the entirety of the article. I have now done this, and I think it reflects the major issues and nuances in broad stokes. Feel free to re-add the relevant template if you think this issue still needs addressing, or add specific suggestions/critiques here if you're not sure. Lewisguile (talk) 10:05, 17 July 2024 (UTC)