# Talk:Ceredigion

Surely this should be under Cardigan?  When the name was in use, this was surely the English name for it? john 09:44, 21 Dec 2003 (UTC)
Anyone out there?  Cardigan?  I mean, I'm all for Welsh names for current Welsh provinces, but is it really conventional in English to call the old province "Ceredigion"? john 00:07, 22 Jan 2004 (UTC)

http://www.ceredigion.gov.uk/ has no mention of Cardigan as an alternate name....  Morwen 00:14, Jan 22, 2004 (UTC)
Well, I'm not sure that for "Traditional counties" that don't really have any real existence anymore, we should privilege current conventions over historic conventions.  "Cardigan" or "Cardiganshire" is almost certainly more likely to be encountered than "Ceredigion" by most English-speakers in books, and so forth.  However, from our articles it would appear that the old counties are back, which would mean that Ceredigion is a currently existing unit, in which case I withdraw the suggestion.  If it is currently called Ceredigion/Cardigan, as it seems to be, the article should be there. john 04:44, 22 Jan 2004 (UTC)

This entity is a welsh principal area and not an historic County. The article on Cardiganshire should deal exclusively with the historic County; this should deal exclusively with the welsh principal area that is currently calling itself "Ceredigion"; they are not the same entity, and neither aritlce should give such an impression. 80.255
This makes sense to me. john 15:42, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)
The name "Ceredigion" is the only name of the present modern-day county, and is used in both English and Welsh, There is no official English equivalent. "Cardiganshire" (although the same area as this county) refers to the historic county (1282-1974) and cannot be used as an English form of the word "Ceredigion". Other counties do have Welsh and English spellings (such as Ynys Mon/Anglesey, but Ceredigion is referred to as Ceredigion in both languages. Ceredigion can also be used to refer to the historic kingdom that existed before 1282 (originally ruled by King Ceredig in the 5th century) Edward conquered the principality of Wales in 1282 splitting the area into several counties. Cardigan was one of these counties, its name was an anglicization of the name Ceredigion as it co-incided roughly with the older Welsh kingdom of this name. 
There is a town called Cardigan(Aberteifi) which used to be the county town of the old county of Cardiganshire, however, I suspect that this was named after the anglicized name Cardiganshire after the formation of that county due to it being the county town and was originally not connected with the name Ceredigion/Cardigan as the Welsh form of the town's name is  Aberteifi (mouth of the river Teifi). Confusingly, this Welsh form of the towns name was used in the Welsh equivalent of the old county (Cardiganshire) as "Sir Aberteifi" (County of Aberteifi) rather than the word Ceredigion which is where the word Cardigan is derived from! --Cap 12:36, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Please note that Cardiganshire still exists, as do all traditional counties. This is a common misconception. Trilobite (Talk) 22:29, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)
please explain. --Cap 09:46, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)
You talk about Cardiganshire "the historic county (1282-1974)" which is erroneous. Cardiganshire was never abolished. Local government has been reorganised plenty of times over the whole of Britain, but the traditional counties were never abolished, they just ceased to correspond to the areas controlled by local authorities. See Traditional counties of Wales. — Trilobite (Talk) 23:22, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)
You are simultaneously right and wrong, Trilobite. There is much nostalgia in England for the 'traditional counties' of the UK, but in Wales the issue is a little more complicated. The area which roughly corresponds to the current county of Ceredigion was called Ceredigion long before the English forced the name 'Cardiganshire' upon the place, which perhaps explains why the local council voted to rename the county Ceredigion instead of Cardiganshire as soon as they were able to. As such, you normally only get the English referring to the county as 'Cardiganshire' these days. Wikipedia articles should refer to the local name of the place and even English speakers in Wales refer to the county as Ceredigion. As such, Cardiganshire is only a historical entity and should be avoided today.Twrist 11:58, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
5th Century  Kingdom of Ceredigion
1282         County of Cardiganshire (Sir Aberteifi in Welsh (not Ceredigion!))
1974         Ceredigion, a region within Dyfed
1996-present Ceredigion, a county in Wales
This table suggests there is a single entity which has changed its borders over time. As such it is a gross simplification and plain wrong. What you are actually referring two are three separate things with overlapping timeframes - the kingdom, the county and the local government area. This would be better: Owain (talk) 14:52, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
Kingdom of Ceredigion: 5th c. - 7th c. Incorporated into Seisyllwg, then in 10th c. into Deheubarth. Conquered 1282.
County of Cardigan: 1282 - present day.
Local government area: Cardiganshire 1889-1974. Ceredigion district 1974-1996. Ceredigion principal area 1996 - present day.
It may well be the case that Cardiganshire still exists because it was never officially abolished, fine - but the simple fact is, no-one refers to the place as Cardiganshire! As long as I've lived here, I've never once heard it called Cardiganshire. The important institutions in the county - The National Library of Wales and the University of Wales Aberystwyth and Lampeter all have 'Ceredigion' in their addresses; when you drive into the county, the signs say 'Ceredigion'; The local government, police and law refer to it as Ceredigion. If an obscure piece of law was discovered which stated London was actually called Saestown, in reality, people would still call it London. Perhaps that's a bad example, but my point is that it can be 'officially' called whatever you want - my concern here is that Wikipedia should represent a reality, not would you would like to be a reality. 217.43.204.15 15:00, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
No-one? Have you asked every single person on the planet? I thought not. Since 2000, the Royal Mail have allowed people to put whatever they like in their addresses. What does that prove? When you drive into the county there are no signs marking it at all. The signs you are referring to are the signs put there by the local authority to mark ITS boundaries, not those of the county of Cardigan. It just so happens that because the two are so similar in area there are no separate signs. You will notice however that there ARE county border signs for Merioneth, Brecknock, Radnor and Montgomery. Signing is a local authority responsibility — hence the current mess. Owain (talk) 15:42, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
Just to add my 2 pennies' worth to this debate, the notification of Council Tax issued this week says, in very clear text - "Ceredigion County Council is the billing authority for the County of Ceredigion under the Local Government Finance Act 1992". Which would surely suggest that the aforementioned county exists under that name? If not, surely there are legal problems with this Council Tax notification? 81.157.92.20 14:02, 16 March 2006 (UTC)
I really don't see what all the fuss is about. As someone who was in born in Ceredigion the 1970s, I remember some people - generally incomers and some older residents - referring to Cardiganshire/Sir Aberteifi, but  Ceredigion is now almost universally used. Owain states that the that there are county border signs for Merioneth, Brecknock, Radnor and Montgomery, but they are NOT county border signs - rather the vestiges of the old districts, which followed, as a means of placating local concerns that they would lose their identities within the larger unitary authorities. Note that in the case of Meirionydd - the Welsh version was adopted as name of the district in 1974 - and this is the only version used on signs, not Meirionnydd/Merioneth.  Moreover, the boundary signs for Arfon and Dwyfor are still used - both of which were districts formed out of part of the old Caernarfonshire.

On the understanding that the Ceredigion/Cardiganshire debate is over (see below), please allow me to raise a different issue. Should a Wikipedia article be referring to this county as a desert? I have only ever heard this word used in the phrase 'green desert' when referring to mid Wales - used in the sense that few people live here. For those not familiar with the UK or with Ceredigion, the word desert without clarification is likely to give the wrong impression. I realise that there is a link to another article 'desert of Wales', but I think that a brief clarification should occur within the article.  Dalekmikey 16:03, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Since the article says that Ceredigion has a very high proportion of Welsh speakers, I have put the 2001 census value in.  There may be some readers who will say that 52% is not a "very high" proportion: perhaps it should say a "comparatively high" proportion.  Source [NeSS]: 37918÷72884=0.5203 . . . .LinguisticDemographer 23:45, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

"According to the 2001 census the number of Welsh speakers in Wales increased for the first time in 100 years," This isn't true, the number of Welsh speakers continued to rise up to the 1911 census.

I removed the 'league table' of school results because Estyn doesn't inspect schools annually, so the exam results cited won't necessarily be directly comparable. People may be aware that since 2001, the Assembly Government hasn't published individual school performance information.[1] Information on individual schools is still available in prospectuses and governors’ annual reports, but adding them all together to produce a local league table may violate WP:SYNTH. Pondle (talk) 23:38, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

So I see this 'merger' has been pushed through by three editors in the space of three days! What nonsense. It goes against all policies to have separate articles for separate things even though they happen to geographically overlap. It has totally ignored the debate above that suggested no such merger was possible or desirable. It is not so much a merger as a plain redirect. There has been precisely no merging at all. Owain (talk) 12:34, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

There are two very similar maps on the page. There has been plenty of useful discussion above about the various names and areas. So far we have no references to the differences (if there are any) in the areas covered by the various incarnations. There is just an un sourced assertion in the lead that they are "largely identical". If there are differences, it might then be worthwhile having two maps, or one map with the differences indicated. As it is at present one of the maps seems redundant.SovalValtos (talk) 11:44, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

@Cwmhiraeth:. Was it intentional to talk extensively about Cardiganshire with "Cardiganshire had a substantial population in the early modern period but this declined during the nineteenth century as wider social and economic developments affected all aspects of Cardiganshire life. Traditional industries were in decline, agriculture was in decline and it was becoming increasingly difficult for a still-rising population to earn a living within their native parishes and communities. By the first half of the twentieth century, falling livestock prices and greater world competition made farming unprofitable and many residents of Ceredigion moved to other parts of South Wales, where there were better employment opportunities, and many more emigrated to the United States, Canada, Patagonia and Australia.[11] Another factor was that the great landed estates of the county, which for so long had dominated the politics of the county, were in many cases heavily in debt. This second factor contributed to the loss of landowner influence in the politics of the county, a trend that became very apparent at the first elections to the Cardiganshire County Council in 1889.[20" ? It's a different county today. 
I would expect the landmarks section to have some prose sections summarising them here rather than a bulleted list. Also I thought there might be mention of sport and education. Isn't fishing worth mentioning in the economy? I always though some of those towns on that coast were fishing ones.♦ Dr. Blofeld 18:38, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

@Dr. Blofeld:The source used Cardiganshire so I did likewise. You could say that the term "Ceredigion" is political, a determination to revert to a previously used Welsh name in an effort to retain the "Welshness" of the county. I suppose I should be consistent and call the county Cardiganshire up till 1996 and Ceredigion thereafter. I could expand the local landmarks into a prose section. Education and sport would be difficult; I've mentioned the universities and the schools differ little from those in other parts of Wales; I don't think there are any Ceredigion sporting teams at county level. Fishing nowadays is a leisure activity and not a commercial one I think. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 18:59, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
Yes, I suppose that it's relevant to history before 1996. What about subdivisions? Communities/parishes? Usually county articles have a sub structure like that and identify them. For sport I was thinking of something like I added to Vale of Glamorgan (though I've not finished sourcing and continuing with it and that article yet). Find the main towns and what teams are in them and try to compile something half decent for sport. Doesn't need much, but I think a basic good article on a county should try to outline things like sport and education, even if brief.♦ Dr. Blofeld 19:49, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
I will work along the lines you suggest tomorrow. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 19:57, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
That looks fine. I think all it needs now is to flesh out the landmarks section with a summary of the most notable buildings and nuke the bulleted list, add some pretty images to that section and this will be looking good enough.♦ Dr. Blofeld 07:42, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

This review is transcluded from Talk:Ceredigion/GA1. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.
Reviewer: Jaguar (talk · contribs) 12:01, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

Will do this shortly. JAGUAR  12:01, 17 April 2016 (UTC)


### Initial comments
"The county is mainly rural with large parts being hill or mountain land" - how about hilly? Feel free to ignore this if you don't like it
Done. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:35, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
The third paragraph of the lead is lacking links. Try linking silver, zinc, or EU
Done. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:35, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
"More recently, the population has started rising again as elderly people move into the county for a peaceful retirement" - not sure if 'peaceful retirement' sounds informal to use here, I would just rephrase to for retirement
Done. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:35, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
"where Rugby, Northampton and London were important destinations" - link Rugby, Warwickshire and Northampton
Done. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:35, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
"Cardiganshire had a substantial population in the early modern period" - why the use of 'Cardiganshire' now? I've seen Ceredigion been used throughout the rest of the article
The word "Ceredigion" refers to a historic kingdom and to the present county (since 1996). At all other times, the county was known as Cardiganshire. I have edited the article to tried to rationalise this. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:35, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
"Another factor was that the great landed estates of the county, which for so long had dominated the politics of the count" - I don't understand this
Rephrased to clarify. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:35, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
"the British Government realised" - I don't think 'government' needs to be capitalised
Done. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:35, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
"The River Teifi is a renowned salmon fishing river" - link River Teifi
Done. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:35, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
"A bus service known as "Bwcabus" operates in the south of the county offering customised transport to rural dwellers" - 'dwellers' refer to people, so "transporting to people" sounds a bit wrong. Should this be either dwellings (rural houses) or transport for rural dwellers?
Done. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:35, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
Ref 14 redirects to the main page
Not sure about this, which reference do you mean? Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:35, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
The toolserver picked up that ref 14 was a redirect, but I've checked it myself and it should be OK. Might be an error on the toolserver's part. JAGUAR  14:04, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
DAB links OK
Nor this. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:35, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
Disambiguation links. I check for them in every review, and didn't find any here JAGUAR  14:04, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
Excellent work with this article! I enjoyed reading it. I found a couple of things that confused me, but once all of the above are clarified then this should be good to go.  JAGUAR  12:22, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

Thanks for taking on this review. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:35, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
Thanks for addressing them, with all of the issues clarified this looks good to go now.  JAGUAR  14:04, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

More historical info available at the EB articles linked, although note that they seem to give the wrong actors for the Battle of Crug Mawr. — LlywelynII 15:59, 24 September 2016 (UTC)
Note also that, contra the source previously in the article, Seisyllwg wasn't a name that Ceredigion adopted in the 7th century but a later name given to it by Welsh historians/genealogists. It remained known as Ceredigion at the time. — LlywelynII 16:12, 24 September 2016 (UTC)

@Roger 8 Roger, Gareth Griffith-Jones,  and LlywelynII: My understanding is that the county of Cardiganshire was abolished in 1974 when it was combined with Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire to form the county of Dyfed. At this time it became the local government district of Ceredigion. In 1996, Dyfed ceased to exist and the original counties were restored for administrative purposes. If you agree with me that these facts are correct, the article and lead can be adjusted. I do not intend to do this myself without approval because Roger 8 Roger will probably revert me again if I do. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 13:49, 11 December 2016 (UTC)
@Cwmhiraeth: The historic county was never abolished, and never can be because it is an historic area. It's use for local government administration was ended in 1974. The 19997 changes were further changes to local administration, including naming a new administrative area  Ceredigion. This is the same name as the Welsh name used for the historic county of Cardingshire. Perhaps this debate should be about what Ceredigion this article is dealing with otherwise further confusion will arise. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 19:01, 11 December 2016 (UTC)

The matter of historic counties, ceremonial counties and geographic counties, quite apart from the change of name from Cardiganshire to Ceredigion is quite confusing. The exact scope of the article should perhaps be clarified. If you think the History section is wrong at present, it should be corrected, and then a summary added to the lead. Let's see what the others have to say. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 19:32, 11 December 2016 (UTC)
I agree that it is confusing. What compounds that confusion is that the average person (and WP editors?) treats historic counties and administrative areas called counties as variations of the same thing. This problem is enormous and I am concerned that wikipedia articles about counties everywhere have never properly dealt with this. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 23:05, 11 December 2016 (UTC)
It might be better to have an article at Cardiganshire rather than the current redirect. This could deal with all issues relating to the history of the historic county, its status as an historic county, the retained ceremonial roles associated with the historic county (Lord Lieutenant etc ) together with a link in the opening  sentence to the current adminstrative county. My recollection was that the historic county and the administrative county did have some minor variations introduced in 1974 around Cardigan town and possibly around Newcastle Emlyn or Llandyssul area where the boundary departs from the strict line of the River Teifi, but I have no sources to substantiate this. If this division was adopted , then most of the material would stay in the article about the administrative county as it deals with the current entity that most people recognise as Ceredigion. This would be an easily defended fork as the administrative and historic entities are quite distinct and can be recognisably so.  Velella  Velella Talk   01:37, 12 December 2016 (UTC)
In spite of minor boundary changes, modern Ceredigion is essentially a resumption of the old Cardiganshire. It was incorporated in Dyfed for only 22 years, during which time it was thought of as a "traditional" county. It is a cultural entity as well as an administrative unit. Don't let the name change mislead you, in recent decades many Welsh places have changed from Anglicised names to Welsh names. Are you proposing separate articles Carnarvonshire and Caernarfonshire? We don't have a different articles for Germany every time its borders changed. There should be one article, which should describe the modern Ceredigion and the history of Ceredigion and Cardiganshire. Verbcatcher (talk) 04:59, 12 December 2016 (UTC)
No, its nothing to do with the name change. I lived in Cardiganshire/ Dyfed/ Ceredigion during the 1974 reorganisation and know the context well. This is all about the status of the relevant entities. So, no, I have no wish to restore the anglisized names of Welsh counties or to argue the minutiae of boundary changes. Historic counties are separate and different entities from administrative counties. All I am proposing is that we reflect that difference in our article structure, and if one of those differences is a minor boundary difference, then that is of low importance but an interesting note nonethless.  Velella  Velella Talk   05:30, 12 December 2016 (UTC)
I was arguing against the suggestion that we have different articles for Cardiganshire and Ceredigion. As far as I have looked, this has not been done for other British or Irish counties. There is not enough material to justify splitting the article of grounds of size, and surely we can resolve any dispute about how to present its history. Verbcatcher (talk) 05:51, 12 December 2016 (UTC)
I support Cwmhiraeth's reversal – which instigated the discussion – and agree with Velella's comments above. — Gareth Griffith-Jones | The Welsh | Buzzard |  14:39, 12 December 2016 (UTC)
Is this a dispute about the facts, or their presentation? I think these facts relating to local government are:
1889-1974: County of Cardiganshire, Cardiganshire County Council
1974-1996: Ceridigion local government district, part of the new county of Dyfed, Dyfed County Council
1996-present: Unitary authority of Ceridigion, Ceredigion County Council
@Roger 8 Roger: do you challenge this? If not then please clarify you reasons for this revert. If the summary in the lead conflicts with the body of the article then we should fix the incorrect text, not delete the correct text. I agree that the main text is confusing, mainly because it is split between the Local government section and the last paragraph of the History section. These should be combined, and the organisation of the sections of the articles should probably be improved. Verbcatcher (talk) 17:34, 12 December 2016 (UTC)
It's a dispute about both in my opinion. Your list about LGA is fine but that is exactly what it is about Local Government. The article called Ceredigion deals with the current LGA, the historic county, the earlier 1974-96 LGA, and anything else with a loose connection to the word Ceredigion. Your list gives the strong impression that the historic county of Cardiganshire ended in 1889 and was replaced by a new County of Cardiganshire. That is not correct. A new County of Cardiganshire (for admin purposes) was created to take over the local govt admin that the earlier historic county had dealt with, and that new local govt area was very similar, but different from, the area of the historic county. This fact, plus the use of the term 'county' for the new LGA has caused so much confusion. Solution here? I really am not sure because the confusion on wikipedia is so deep seated throughout the UK. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 19:31, 12 December 2016 (UTC)

Is your point that "county" is both a cultural entity and a local government territory, that this county existed as a cultural entity before 1889 and from 1974 to 1996, and that the article should reflect this? I am basically in agreement with this point. Local government issues should be covered in Cardiganshire County Council, Dyfed County Council and Ceredigion County Council, with summaries here. Unfortunately, Dyfed County Council redirects to Dyfed, which has only a brief section on the council.
Can we identify any non-government institutions associated with the county? There was a Ceredigion Cricket Club in 1897 but I have found no evidence of it being sufficiently notable. The Ceredigion Methodist Circuit might qualify.
I notice that Historic counties of Wales says that Cardiganshire (Sir Aberteifi or Ceredigion) originated in 1282, following King Edward I's conquest. It does not appear to give a source, but the first place I'd look is John Davies, A History of Wales, ISBN 0-14-028475-3 Verbcatcher (talk) 22:36, 12 December 2016 (UTC)

The above line in the lead references EB1878 for "Cardigan" and EB1911 for "Cardiganshire". The problem with this is that EB1878 omits the "shire" from "Xshire" in its articles where X is a town (e.g. Worcester, York). Whereas EB1911 doesn't. Neither are much use as references in this way. According to the Cardigan article, "Cardigan" is an Anglicisation of "Ceredigion", but it doesn't follow that that Anglicisation had to be applied to the whole county unqualified. More than likely, the name "Cardigan" for the county was of the form "County of Cardigan", as was the case for counties in the medieval era. Can we change that line in the lead to something like "Known for centuries in English as Cardiganshire, it began to be administered as a county in 1282"? --Inops (talk) 13:56, 1 July 2017 (UTC)

I suspect it is unclear whether the English name Cardigan was first applied to the town or to the county (or the area). The name Cardiganshire could be derived from the English name of the town, or it could have been introduced for disambiguation between a town and a county that had the same name.  I agree that the 1878 and 1911 editions of the Encyclopedia Britannica are poor sources for this. I support Inops' proposed text. Verbcatcher (talk) 03:48, 2 July 2017 (UTC)
No objections, so I've changed the line to my suggestion. --Inops (talk) 15:03, 4 July 2017 (UTC)

I rather agree User:Gareth Griffith-Jones that one simple image in the info-box would be of benefit. The rural nature of the county is mentioned in several sections although there are also cultural aspects and buildings of interest. Might some image similar to [2] suit. The combination of foreground coastal material and then farming and mountains is what I have in mind. It would help if it were a large file.SovalValtos (talk) 12:34, 2 October 2020 (UTC)

Thank you for your support.Yes, I like your example. We must wait for responses from others. Cheers!Gareth Griffith-Jones (contribs) (talk) 17:07, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
So do I like the example. Be bold. Cheers, both. Tony Holkham (Talk) 12:03, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
I have added the image, Melindwr, Eglwys Fach to the Info' box.In my opinion, we don't need a "caption".—do you both agree?Gareth Griffith-Jones (contribs) (talk) 13:42, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
I agree with the addition for now, and that it does not need a caption. I due course a better single image may be uploaded or found but this is better than the previous collage.SovalValtos (talk) 13:50, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
Thank you. I quite agree.Gareth Griffith-Jones (contribs) (talk) 13:53, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
Thanks, both. I deleted the Carmarthenshire montage, BTW. Tony Holkham (Talk) 13:56, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
I noticed. You beat me to it. Gareth Griffith-Jones (contribs) (talk) 14:02, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

I cannot see how including English approximations of a Welsh name is reasonable when they are potentially limitless. If you take 10 English speakers unfamiliar with the name 'Ceredigion' and ask them to describe it phonetically, you may very well end up with 10 approximations. The Welsh pronunciation is standard and consistent. Even if some of the more common English approximations are sourced, it doesn't change the above. This is simply giving weight to a whim based on it being published. At the very least, I believe that it would be advantageous to note that they are approximations and only exist (imperfectly) in relation to the standard Welsh name. English speakers from Ceredigion, or those settled there, use the Welsh pronunciation, after all. 2A00:23EE:1940:1DA5:259F:3258:4982:3C2C (talk) 21:11, 5 August 2023 (UTC)

We go with what reliable sources say. Please stop removing cited material. This is the English-language Wikipedia, so referenced material giving English pronunciations is perfectly proper. DuncanHill (talk) 21:15, 5 August 2023 (UTC)
You seem unhappy even when the English pronunciations are kept but follow the Welsh pronunciation of which they are approximations. There is a standard and consistent Welsh name; the English pronunciations are approximations of that name. That is not a novel interpretation, but how it is. Surely it makes sense for the approximations to follow the Welsh pronunciation they are dependent on? 2A00:23EE:1940:1DA5:259F:3258:4982:3C2C (talk) 21:30, 5 August 2023 (UTC)
Read MOS:DUALPRON. English comes first. FutureFlowsLoveYou (talk) 21:37, 5 August 2023 (UTC)
Golwg unllygeidiog yw golwg yr uniaith. 2A00:23EE:1940:1DA5:259F:3258:4982:3C2C (talk) 21:41, 5 August 2023 (UTC)

Yoshi24517 you reverted an IP with edsum "unexplained content removal",[3] but the IP did leave an edsum (although unhelpfully it was in Welsh). The edsum argues that as there is no standard English pronunciation of the word, Ceredigion, that the respell guff is unnecessary. They then explain they are in favour of the removal and think others in Wales would be too. Now I don't wholly agree with the IP, but I do think all that respell stuff is unnecessary, and they have a point about not needing a suggested standard English pronunciation. It looked like a good edit to me. Would anyone like to argue the opposite? If not, I propose to remove the information myself. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 21:40, 29 December 2023 (UTC)

This is an English language version. Putting an edit summary in Welsh is just showing off and is extremely rude. For the purposes of the English language wikipedia there was no explanation for the content renewal. If the previous editor wants to make changes they can justify them in English. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 22:09, 29 December 2023 (UTC)
Agreed, edsums should be in English. But that is not an argument to keep three different pronunciations. It is a Welsh word, and explaining how it is pronounced in Welsh is enough. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 22:31, 29 December 2023 (UTC)
No it isn't. You have to justify removing cited material. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 10:00, 30 December 2023 (UTC)
So as explained above, having three pronunciations described, all differing only in the pronunciation of a couple of vowels, and two of them merely representing usage in two localities, is unnecessary. The IP said that and I agree. To unpack that a little more - the dictionaries are citing usage, which is what dictionaries do. They are tertiary and not secondary sources, and in this case they express (based on some unspecified criteria) an assessment that this is how people in the UK and the US tend to pronounce the word. The IP makes the point that there is no UK or US standard, and that is correct. there isn't. If kɛrəˈdɪɡiən is heard in England, it certainly isn't heard in Wales, here it is always, in my experience, kɛrɛˈdɪɡjɔn. Thus kɛrəˈdɪɡiən is not a UK usage. Rather it is likely to be an English usage.
It is not good encyclopaedic information to tell a reader, in the lead, how to mispronounce a Welsh word like an Englishman (or with an American accent). At best this merits some discussion in the main about variations in pronunciation. The fact of all those references in the first line of the lead shows that this information does not meet MOS:LEAD (not a summary of anything in the main text) and is not written with respect of MOS:LEADCITE.
Finally, the IP did (rather unhelpfully - in Welsh) justified the removal. I haven't removed it yet, but see no reason not too soon. This discussion is justification. Having made that justification, the burden of gaining conensus is on those wishing to include disputed content, regardless of whether there are citations, per WP:ONUS. This is because, as in this case, information can be cited but not due on a page. Editor consensus is required for the inclusion. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 10:56, 30 December 2023 (UTC)
So far we've had dogmatic statements by you and, possibly, if they were comprehensible, by the IP editor. What you haven't produced is a reliable source for your assertations. On the other hand we do have sourced information for the existing content, even if you don't like it. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 11:26, 30 December 2023 (UTC)
So far we have an argument for removal and no argument for retention. It should not be in the lead, per MOS:LEAD, it is sourced to tertiary sources that only relate usage (that's what dictionaries do), and it is a Welsh word with a regular Welsh pronunciation. If there are a range of pronunciations in other countries, and if those are notable, they can be discussed in the main, but the lead is a summary of the main and that discussion does not exist there. Before simply reverting to the IP's edit, per WP:ONUS, I asked if there were reasons to retain three different pronunciations in the opening sentence. The fact a dictionary is cited is not a reason. The question is why we have an English and American version. Why not Indian or Chinese? Why not German or French? What use is it to a reader to be told the wrong pronunciation before they are told the right one? That is what I am trying to tease out. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 13:48, 30 December 2023 (UTC)
Creating straw men is not helpful to the discussion. The reason we have anglophone versions is because this is the English Wikipedia. If you want to move the pronunciation from the lead to the appropriate section, that's fine. If you want to change it you will have to find reliable sources to justify it. Claiming that "everybody says it that way" (whatever "that" is) is not adequate. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 14:18, 30 December 2023 (UTC)
It is not a straw man. As some 250 million people speak English in India, there doesn't seem to be a good reason to bias our article towards the UK/US. Fewer people speak English well in China, but it is still in the millions. It is unconscious bias to select between just two English variants. You could make a case for a UK pronunciation, as the place is in the UK, but then, the place is in Wales, and yet for some reason we list the actual Welsh pronunciation of this Welsh word last! What are the secondary sources that justify us mentioning kɛrəˈdɪɡiən at all? Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 19:30, 30 December 2023 (UTC)
In China they seem to mostly speak the American variant, at least as far as vocabulary goes. Now try and justify French and German. Of all the groups mentioned, by far the smallest group are the Welsh. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 19:39, 30 December 2023 (UTC)
Ah yes, French and German. Well, you see, when the French or Germans speak English they usually, or at least often do so in French or German accents. Why mention those two? It is all in the Rs. You see Welsh has the alveolar trill, so the Welsh r in Ceredigion is trilled. In IPA it is /r/ Germans saying Ceredigion will instinctively pronounce that consonant correctly, because German has the alveolar trill too. The French, on the other hand don't (in most dialects - they do in at least one.) Mostly they have their own r sound. So The French, speaking English and attempting Ceredigion, are likely to use the voice uvular fricative, /ʁ/. These are significant variants, but my reason for mentioning them is not really to say we should represent those, but to draw attention to an error in the IPA on this page, and a problem with its correction. You see, most English and American accents do not have the alveolar trill. As I said, this trill is represented in IPA as /r/ but what is used, at least in the UK, is the approximant /ɹ/. So that is what should be in our IPA, shouldn't it? But no... the source uses /r/. But let's look at the sources. The first one is Collins, and it says:The following consonant symbols have their usual English values: b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, z. But that means when Collins writes /r/ they mean /ɹ/. The Oxford source is on archive.org with no link to how they represent IPA but clicking the "original" in the reference takes us to dictionary.com, and searching that on Ceredigion gives / ˌkɛər əˈdɪg yɑn, ˌkɛər əˈdɪg i ɑn / Oh dear. Two more pronunciations we don't include. Again confused over that r. Looks like they say it should be an alveolar trill. What of Merriam Webster? Well they actually list the pronunciation as /ke-rə-ˈdi-gē-ˌän/ Their pronunciation guide[4] allows us to map to the vowels we have used ( /-iɒn/ ) but see what the guide says about /r/: What is transcribed here as \r\ in reality represents several distinct sounds. Before a stressed vowel \r\ denotes a continuant produced with the tongue tip slightly behind the teethridge (IPA [ɹ]).
So what we have is not actually correct. The IPA transliterations on this page use alveolar trills when those accents are using alveolar approximants, and people speaking different dialects of English, or who have different first languages but are speaking English will all say this Welsh word in different ways.
The solution? Cut it. None of this is relevant to someone wanting to read about the county of Ceredigion. They want to know about the place, and sure, any English speaker is going to wonder how a Welsh word is pronounced, so let's tell them that. The Welsh pronunciation. Tell them that and be done with it. Save the discussion of accents and dialects for a page where people care. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 20:44, 30 December 2023 (UTC)
Agreed Murgatroyd49 (talk) 21:06, 30 December 2023 (UTC)

Sirfurboy is reverting valid edits, hinting at a certain consensus in #Pronunciation. The following arguments are stated there:

It is not good encyclopaedic information to tell a reader, in the lead, how to mispronounce a Welsh word like an Englishman (or with an American accent) — this directly contradicts MOS:LEADPRON.
The question is why we have an English and American version. Why not Indian or Chinese? Why not German or French? — Straw man. This is the English Wikipedia, created for and by English speakers. MOS:LEADPRON states that an English IPA transcription is usually recommended for words with pronunciations that are counterintuitive to an average English speaker.
What use is it to a reader to be told the wrong pronunciation before they are told the right one? — the "right" pronunciation is dictated by authoritative dictionaries and usage. I believe that M-W, Collins and Dictionary.com should be authoritative enough.
It is not a straw man. As some 250 million people speak English in India, there doesn't seem to be a good reason to bias our article towards the UK/US — H:IPA-EN#Dialect variation explicitly states that the resulting IPA transcription of a word is supposed to be dialect-neutral, allowing speakers of any dialect to pronounce the word in a "correct" way in their English variety.
Later on Sirfurboy proceeds to speak about the pronunciation of /r/ as anything but an alveolar trill, like in Welsh. This argument is instantly refuted by H:IPA-EN once again: the transcription is supposed to accommodate most (if not all) English dialects, and the alveolar trill is not a part of the standard phonetic set of a lot of English dialects.
If there is any "consensus" at all, that "consensus" is based off of very weak arguments. Summer92 (talk) 21:50, 20 April 2024 (UTC)

I think you would be better off explaining what edit you propose and why, rather than attempting to reopen the discussion directly above. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 22:08, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
I did add it too, although seems the issue is basically it is argued the English pronunciation are incorrect or confused, and I did notice it has multiple IPAs. But still believe it should be included then not, as in the end there should be English-language pronunciations on English-language Wikipedia. Although do understand the argument whether they are relevant at all, but the English IPA is likely more accessible for readers, notably the tooltip and respell.
MOS:DUALPRON states that if it does have an English pronunciation we should include it, and it has to be first, although would prefer if it prioritised local. Still concerned with any "only include the correct pronunciation" arguments, whether it is a bit POV, and what happens to Llandudno, Conwy, and Penarth. MOS:LEADPRON gives an exception to exclude pronunciations that are common, likely not applicable to Ceredigion.
If it clutters the lead, it can be put into a footnote. The Welsh audio File:Cy-Ceredigion.ogg should also probably be added.
Pinging @Murgatroyd49 from above. DankJae 23:40, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
The English pronunciation is Cardigan(shire). We note that already. It shouldn't be first in this case because it is historical and not the COMMONNAME nor official name. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 06:36, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
I am with sirfurboy (talk · contribs) on that. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 07:18, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
WP:GAME. "Ceredigion" is a perfectly English word, as evidenced by several English dictionaries adding a definition for it and even an English pronunciation. Summer92 (talk) 07:55, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
(edit conflict) The English pronunciation is not Cardiganshire, it is a totally different word (albeit related), Welsh names become used in English, and sometimes get their own (mis-)pronunciations. It is clear there is a sourced English IPA for "Ceredigion" not Cardiganshire.
By that argument, the English pronunciation for Eryri is "Snowdonia"? And "Eryri" is Welsh not English? DankJae 07:58, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
Eryri is Welsh. As far as I know, it doesn't have an English pronunciation. Just a pronunciation. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 08:05, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
But likely if it becomes common, it would be cited with one, so per MOS:DUALPRON we then include it. But would concede if there are many English IPAs and a generalised one cannot be made, then to avoid it, however if there is a prevalent one I don't see any policy stating "English pronunciations are unneeded". DankJae 08:09, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
DUALPRON is talking about names like Paris, where there is an established and clearly different English pronunciation of the word. In English we pronounce the last S. This happens for place names that are old and deeply embedded. In the case of Paris, the English pronunciation persists (as it does in multiple other languages) because the S was once pronounced in French too, but over time French pronunciation drifted, to the bane of schoolchildren everywhere. So there is an established alternative English pronunciation, and we would list it first because to tell people to pronounce Paris like a French person would just be silly. There are other notable examples (e.g. Montreal) but most foreign place names do not, in fact, have a recognised dual pronunciation. Ceredigion has a historical alternative pronunciation. An anglicised form, which is Cardigan.[5] That is well recognised, but not what we are talking about. Any of the multiple attempts to provide a pronunciation of Ceredigion are attempting to show how this Welsh word is pronounced. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 08:21, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
Cardigan is an anglicised version. Ceredigion is the original one, and is gaining popularity in the English language, just like Caernarfon and Dyfi. These words are borrowed from Welsh, retaining a pronunciation similar to the original, which are almost always not intuitive to an English speaker. Summer92 (talk) 08:31, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
Hierarchy of disagreement: Refutation stands higher in this hierarchy than a counterargument. Summer92 (talk) 08:05, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
You still have not stated what change you wish to make to the page, and why. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 08:06, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
Oh wow. I thought it was clear that the proposed change was to readd the English pronunciation of "Ceredigion" that you reverted on the basis of very weak arguments. Words with pronunciations that are counterintuitive to an English speaker are supposed to have a pronunciation given in the article. Summer92 (talk) 08:19, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
The page has the English. Cardiganshire. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 08:22, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
Once again, Ceredigion is an English word in the same way it is Welsh, and must be accompanied by an English pronunciation. Summer92 (talk) 08:24, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
Ceredigion is also used in English, just how it was argued Eryri is. There is no ban on English pronunciations for foreign locations, even if (I accept) they may be mispronunciations. DankJae 08:24, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
I have reverted this edit [6] by Summer92. Even if we read the above discussion as 2:2, that is not a consensus. I think you need to set out the change you wish to assert and why. You have not explained why you want to follow Collins and not Oxford or Webster or any of the other alternative orthographies found. Neither have you identified any actual legitimate dual pronunciation. There is none. Style guides often advocate following a particular dictionary, owing to this very issue. Ours does not. Should we also put in all the other variations, and find any others that exist for other accents and dialects of English? Why? How does any of that help the reader? Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 07:11, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
If a word's pronunciation can't be easily guessed from its spelling, then it's pronunciation in English must be included in the article. WP:LEADPRON. Also Should we also put in all the other variations, and find any others that exist for other accents and dialects of English — you are attacking a straw man once again. Summer92 (talk) 07:17, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
And now I reverted it AGAIN because you asserted SILENCE. Please see WP:NOTSILENCE. As for LEADPRON, we are following it to the letter: If the name of the article has a pronunciation that is not apparent from its spelling, include its pronunciation in parentheses after the first occurrence of the name. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 07:23, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
The article includes the Welsh pronunciation, not the English.Before you say "We already have Cardiganshire!" — that's an anglicised version of the original Ceredigion, which is now the most common word used to describe this region of Wales. Its pronunciation is not evident from its spelling for an English speaker. Summer92 (talk) 07:28, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
LEADPRON does not specify that IPA|en be used for non English words. Why would it? However, I spotted an issue. Template:IPA-cy was being used which is deprecated. I have fixed this now and used the generic template, IPA. The parameter is correctly "cy" because Ceredigion is a Welsh word. The label parameter was not expressed and that was suppressing the OGG file. In inserting the label parameter, I chose to insert it as blank, which suppresses the text "Welsh pronunciation". I find the label messy, and if we don't specify a label, we are again closely observing LEADPRON.
Cardigan is, of course, the only DUALPRON of Ceredigion. As you say, Ceredigion is now the most common word, since the unitary Ceredigion authority chose to style itself only as Ceredigion, and sources followed suit. It was not always the case. When Ceredigion came into existence there was a big debate on that matter. Geraint Howells somewhat scuppered it by campaigning strongly that the authority should call itself Cardiganshire/Sir Aberteifi. He didn't like the name Ceredigion at all! But there is no doubt that the anglicised Cardigan is the DUALPRON of Ceredigion, and an ancient one too. That is why we mention Cardiganshire in the lead too.  Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 07:50, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
Cardiganshire is an outdated version of Ceredigion. Ceredigion is an English word, as evidenced by several English-language dictionaries having a definition for it. Summer92 (talk) 08:53, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
What does it mean? In English? Cardigan is an English word. It is a knitted jumper [7]. Ceredigion is a proper noun only. It is the name of a place in Wales, and the word is Welsh. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 09:10, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
Must admit I'd feel stupid buttoning up my ceredigion! Murgatroyd49 (talk) 09:30, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
 Sirfurboy, my friend, I've come here from stalking your talk page (and with a lame detour to ANI) to disagree with you :) Why should Ceredigion share a fate different from that of Berlin, Jakarta and Ankara? Toponyms from all over the world have a distinct and established English pronunciation even when spelled the same in English as in the source language. And in cases where this English pronunciation is not self-explanatory (as in the case of  ), an English IPA is certainly helpful for our readers.
I know that this English pronunciation is often perceived as 'butchering' by locals (Indonesian love to joke about "Jekardah"). And it always becomes a bit ironic when locals succeed to change the official name from a English/French/western/etc. one to the native version, but then English (etc.) speakers apply their pronunciation habits to the native term; like 'Myanmar' which was meant to be pronounced non-rhotic because there is no final R in the Burmese name, but the gets a rhotic coda all over the rhotic English-speaking world. It's not really a difference whether this happens in a global context, or within the UK. –Austronesier (talk) 17:59, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

Hi there, and thanks for dropping by. Why should Ceredigion share a different fate to Berlin, Jakarta and Ankara? Well firstly, because Berlin is not following MOS:LEADPRON, but more importantly because in those cases they are places which have an established MOS:DUALPRON. Taking Berlin for an example, it is one of many German cities that have a dual pronunciation, and that dual pronunciation is longstanding and understood. Sometimes these pronunciations have the same spelling (as for Berlin) but sometimes with a different orthography too (e.g. Cologne). But what about a less well known location without a dual pronunciation? Well there is a bit of nonsense at Mainz where the reader is told that this is pronounced /maɪnts/ but in German it is /maɪnts/! I mean, is that worth confusing a reader over? Especially when it is not what the policy actually calls for.  And that is the case for Ceredigion. There is only one pronunciation. Moreover LEADPRON says: If the name of the article has a pronunciation that is not apparent from its spelling, include its pronunciation in parentheses after the first occurrence of the name.But the only variations from the actual pronunciation of Ceredigion would be a version that is immediately apparent from its spelling. That is, if you showed that word to any English speaker, they would say their version of it (e.g. using the postalveolar approximant instead of alveolar trill) without the need for any guide that tells them that this is how their fellow country folk mispronounce this word. In such cases, LEADPRON would suggest that we do not provide a pronunciation, except we might still provide the pronunciation in the original language. An example of this can be seen at Valencia.There is another issue here. I have several times asked Summer92 to explain what they want, and why. Because there are two unrelated issues. They appear simply to want to put back one of several alternate IPAs based on one of several sources. This is wrongheaded. However in specifying a pronunciation, there is a different question as to whether the pronunciation should be described diaphonemically. That is not the question at this point. The question is whether we need the reader of an article about a county to be given lots of different possible ways of saying this name, even though there is simply no evidence that there is any established dual pronunciation at all. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 18:45, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
If the pronunciation of a word is not clear to an English speaker, its English-language pronunciation is supposed to be included in the article, with the source being dictionaries like Collins. I don't really know why is it so complicated for you to understand. Summer92 (talk) 20:56, 24 April 2024 (UTC)
And once again, That is, if you showed that word to any English speaker, they would say their version of it (e.g. using the postalveolar approximant instead of alveolar trill) without the need for any guide that tells them that this is how their fellow country folk mispronounce this word. In such cases, LEADPRON would suggest that we do not provide a pronunciation, except we might still provide the pronunciation in the original language — most English dialects don't have the alveolar trill. The "correct" way to pronounce a word is prescribed by authoritative dictionaries. If the reader wants to know what /r/ stands for in Wikipedia's IPA notation, they can click the IPA link and read it at Help:IPA/English. I don't really see what's the problem here. Thank you. Summer92 (talk) 21:00, 24 April 2024 (UTC)
Re The "correct" way to pronounce a word is prescribed by authoritative dictionaries, not even the OED is prescriptive. English is not French; no English dictionary has authority over even the meanings of English words, let alone their multifarious pronunciations, and certainly not over how the English pronounce foreign languages. NebY (talk) 10:10, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
I notice repeated claims above that the appearance of Ceridigion in English-language dictionaries is evidence that it's an English word. As the foreword to the print Collins English Dictionary says, "Another way in which Collins English Dictionary helps the user keep up to date is through its encyclopedic entries – short entries, in the same single alphabetical list, that give essential facts ...". The online Collins is at least as inclusive, as are Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com. All three include much that's not English: amicus curiae[8][9][10], Ampère, André Marie[11], Boğazköy[12] or  Boghazköy[13], Franco, Francisco[14][15][16], Iquique[17][18][19] .... NebY (talk) 22:46, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

I believe the table for civil parishes is incorrect and misleading. The parishes are ecclesiastical parishes and may or may not equate to civil parishes. I have taken the similar table out of the Pembrokeshire article and put it into the List of hundreds of Wales, where it is more appropriate. Should I do likewise with this one? Tony Holkham (Talk) 14:54, 26 September 2024 (UTC)

 Done Tony Holkham (Talk) 11:44, 28 September 2024 (UTC)

MOS:LEADPRON is crystal clear on this: If the name of the article has a pronunciation that is not apparent from its spelling, include its pronunciation in parentheses after the first occurrence of the name.@Sirfurboy: You either state why this policy should be ignored in this particular case (without rehashing the same refuted arguments from the above discussion) or we're going to ANI. Summer talk 04:18, 19 September 2025 (UTC)
I don't see why you require me to not rehash the arguments given above in talk sections Pronunciation and Pronunciation 2. Surely the points above have not changed. We do give a pronunciation of this Welsh word, which is sufficient and helpful to the reader. The word does not have a dual pronunciation as you might find with better known places such as Paris. You keep trying this, but there is no consensus for adding a run of pronunciations for a word that does not have multiple pronunciations. I think you should WP:DROPTHESTICK. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 07:12, 19 September 2025 (UTC)
The word does not have a dual pronunciation as you might find with better known places such as Paris — This is incorrect as evidenced by several English-language dictionaries providing an English pronunciation of the word.
You keep trying this, but there is no consensus for adding a run of pronunciations for a word that does not have multiple pronunciations — Policies and guidelines, due to being a global consensus, have more weight than local consensus.
Since you're continuing to engage in WP:IDHT, here we go. Summer talk 17:26, 19 September 2025 (UTC)
Still support including it like previously, but recognise the last discussion was a stalemate. DankJae 09:47, 19 September 2025 (UTC)
DankJae, the thing is, you link to DUALPRON, but there isn't one, as shown by the very array of dictionary sources being appealed to. Although there are minor variations in how the dictionaries describe the pronunciation, none of them suggest there are dual pronunciations. Compare the Collins dictionary (appealed to above) entry for Paris which gives both English and French versions, against their entry on Ceredigion which does not. There is no established dual pronunciation of this word. The dictionaries confirm this. None of them say it is one thing in Welsh and something else in English. The only anglicised pronunciation is "Cardigan". C.f Köln and Cologne. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 08:29, 20 September 2025 (UTC)