# Talk:Forced sterilization in Peru

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 11 January 2023 and 1 May 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Wafflefry314 (article contribs). Peer reviewers: Jdaigle23, NLeo22.
— Assignment last updated by Katherine.Holt (talk) 19:05, 9 March 2023 (UTC)

In this article, something that was not a civil war but an internal confrontation against terrorist groups is referred to as a "civil war" Does the quote say it like that? Because the link says something different? Hastengeims (talk) 01:31, 16 November 2024 (UTC)

The Peruvian conflict (1980–2000) is termed a "civil war" due to its scale, objectives, and impact. Though the Shining Path was labeled a terrorist group, it operated as an insurgency seeking to overthrow the state, meeting key criteria for civil war: large-scale violence, political aims, and blurred lines between civilians and combatants.
"One must also bear in mind important distinctions between the following kinds of civil war: (a) civil wars fought for the sake of deciding which sub-community or group within the larger community will control the state's apparatus; ... ‘Good’ examples of the first kind of conflicts are ... the Peruvian civil war of 1980–2000 between the Peruvian government and the Communist movement Shining Path."  (Fabre, Cécile, "Civil wars", Cosmopolitan War, 2012).
I just realized that my edit in that article, which clarifies just that, has been reversed. I will fix it immediately.  JD John M. Turner (talk) 02:36, 17 November 2024 (UTC)

References

 Spookyaki (talk) 01:59, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
Fujimori's government used feminist discourse to legitimize the campaign, framing it as a progressive step toward women's empowerment and family planning, even as human rights violations occurred. The sterilization program has since been condemned as a violation of human rights and a case of state-led abuse of vulnerable populations. — Cannot access this source. Could you provide the supporting passage(s)? Spookyaki (talk) 03:24, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Ballon-Gutierrez, 2023, p. 212: "The appropriation of prochoice feminist discourse achieved popularity and acceptance in Fujimori’s speech to the nation at the Congress of the Republic on July 28, 1995: “The state will assist low-income and lower-education families so that they can have the same access to family planning methods as do higher-income house-holds. . . . It is fair that we broadcast, in depth, family planning methods. We have been and will be a pragmatic government, without taboos or ‘sacred cows.’ Peruvian women must own their destiny!” (Fujimori, 1995a). He made a similar speech at the Fourth Women’s Conference in Beijing in 1995, where he was the only male participant: “My government has decided to carry out, as part of its social development and poverty reduction policy, a comprehensive family planning strategy that addresses, openly and for the first time in the history of our country, the serious lack of information and services on this topic so that women can have autonomy and freedom over their own lives” (Fujimori, 1995b)." JD John M. Turner (talk) 01:54, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
Looks good. Can I also get the section about supporting The sterilization program has since been condemned as a violation of human rights and a case of state-led abuse of vulnerable populations? Spookyaki (talk) 02:02, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
While I have found no explicit source to support this claim verbatim, it is inferred from all the other verified claims. JD John M. Turner.
Could you not cite the DW article? Or one of the following:
"The repressive aspects, the force and the gross human rights violation it represented towards thousands of defenseless women were left out of the public narrative." (Dahl 2019)
"...this human rights violation." (Carranza Ko 2023)
"His [Fujimori's] death coincided with new legal investigations into human rights abuses, including allegations that his administration forced thousands of Indigenous Peruvian women to be sterilized and reportedly disguised this campaign as a family planning initiative." (Carranza Ko 2024)
If not, please remove the claim per WP:OR. Spookyaki (talk) 21:39, 9 January 2025 (UTC)
Removed. Probably reserved for the lead. JD John M. Turner (talk) 21:52, 9 January 2025 (UTC) Y
During the implementation of sterilization programs in Peru, numerous procedures were performed under coercive circumstances. Indigenous women often faced pressure when seeking basic healthcare, such as treatment for minor ailments, vaccinations, or routine check-ups. — I do not see any support for this on page 740 of Kravetz. Could you provide the supporting passage(s)? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Vasquez Del Aguila 2022 "Most sterilisations were under ‘deceit manifesto, coercion or serious threat to women’ (Ballón, 2014; Boesten, 2007). This type of intervention was enacted when Indigenous women were being treated for health conditions such as flu, or presented for vaccination, or simply soliciting information. For example, Hilaria Supa attended a rural clinic to be treated for flu and without her knowledge or consent, was anaesthetised and sterilised. Many others were sterilised after a caesarean (Boesten, 2007)." JD John M. Turner (talk) 01:58, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
Looks good, but please cite Vasquez Del Aguila instead of Kravetz. Spookyaki (talk) 02:01, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
Done. JD John M. Turner. Y
In some instances, individuals who visited clinics for conditions like the flu were anesthetized and sterilized without their consent. Cesarean sections were also used as opportunities to carry out sterilizations without informed consent... — The informed consent claim is substantiated by page 740 of Kravetz, but I don't see any support for the other claims. Could you provide the supporting passage(s)? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Done. Added Vasquez Del Aguila. JD John M. Turner. Y
...and healthcare workers sometimes offered food incentives—such as bags of rice—to persuade women to undergo the procedure. — I cannot find any support for this claim in Ewig. Could you provide the supporting passage(s)? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Done. JD John M. Turner. Y
Moreover, many healthcare workers lacked adequate training, and the facilities used were frequently outdated or poorly equipped. Counseling services were minimal, leaving women unaware of the procedure’s risks and implications. — I do not see any evidence of this claim on page 106 of Vasquez Del Aguila. Could you provide the supporting passage(s)? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
"MINSA [Peru's Ministry of Health], however, did not ensure the training of health personnel or the renewal of equipment for the implementation of sterilization services. This created a vacuum in the procedures, which were carried out in deficient conditions." Ruiz Alvarado (2019)
In that case, please cite Ruiz Alvarado instead of Vasquez Del Aguila. Y
[translated from Spanish]

Additional forms of coercion included threats involving police and military intervention, denial of healthcare services, and, in extreme cases, threats of imprisonment. These tactics were employed to pressure women into accepting sterilization without fully understanding its consequences or providing genuine consent. — I do not see any evidence of this on page 740 of Kravetz. Could you provide the supporting passage(s)? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Vasquez Del Aguila p. 106: "[Healthcare practitioners] always look for the poorest women, especially those who don’t understand Spanish […] they make them put their fingerprint on a sterilisation paper they don’t understand because they can’t read. If the women refuse, they threaten to cut off the food and milk programmes. (Testimony registered by Tamayo, 1999) There are cases where healthcare practitioners falsified or hid information from female patients, for instance informing them that sterilisation was the only birth control method available (Ballón, 2014). There are also documented cases of intentional misinformation or verbal manipulation:" JD John M. Turner (talk) 02:09, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
Looks like some of the issues with the Ewig citations also apply to the Kravetz citations. You know the deal, please cite Vasquez Del Aguila. Spookyaki (talk) 02:10, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
"Other forms of intimidation were the threat of police intervention, the loss of health services, or deprivation of liberty."  JD John M. Turner (talk) 02:10, 5 January 2025 (UTC) Y
In certain areas, Shining Path guerrillas reportedly protected some Indigenous communities from the forced sterilization efforts carried out by Ministry of Health brigades. — This claim must be cited. Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Ok. JD John M. Turner (talk) 02:11, 5 January 2025 (UTC) Y
The sterilization practices, which occurred predominantly during the 1990s, have been compared to ethnic cleansing and, in some instances, labeled as genocide. — Firstly, Kravetz 740 does not appear to support this claim. Secondly, only one of the sources listed here (Back & Zavala) actually makes an argument that the campaign was an instance of ethnic cleansing. It seems like they mostly argue that the campaign constituted genocide. It might be more accurate to say that they have been "labeled as genocide and in some instances compared to ethnic cleansing". Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
I believe your suggestion is valid. Furthermore, it appears that there is consensus among the sources assert that "Forced sterilization in Peru was a crime against humanity." JD John M. Turner (talk) 02:13, 5 January 2025 (UTC) Y
..."genocidal intent disguised behind a supposed birth control policy". — I cannot find this quote on pages 27-28 of Getgen, or anywhere in Getgen for that matter. Is it in Ballón Gutiérrez? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Deleted. JD John M. Turner (talk) 22:00, 9 January 2025 (UTC)
Plan Verde's architects reportedly perceived the reproductive capabilities of indigenous populations as a threat to national stability, linking these communities to communist insurgencies, such as the Shining Path guerrilla group. — Cannot access fn 1. Could you provide the supporting passage(s)? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
I have removed the information as it may violate WP:SYNTH. JD John M. Turner (talk) 00:08, 10 January 2025 (UTC) Y
Alejandra Ballón Gutiérrez, a Peruvian researcher, asserts that forced sterilization served as "a weapon of war and an instrument of torture" aimed at indigenous women. — Cannot access fn 39. Could you provide the supporting passage(s)? Also, how does fn 25 support this claim? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
fn25: Gaussens, p. 187 "This is why, according to artist and anthropologist Alejandra Ballón, a specialist in the field, “the massive case of forced sterilization in Peru must be considered a weapon of war” (49)." [Translated from French]. JD John M. Turner (talk) 02:17, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
Oh okay, I see. I assume the rest of the quote is in Ballón Gutiérrez? Spookyaki (talk) 02:20, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
Also, please cite p. 187, not p. 186. Spookyaki (talk) 02:21, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
Yes. Ballon Gutierrez 2023. JD John M. Turner (talk) 02:23, 5 January 2025 (UTC) Y
In the light of these testimonies and documents, it is clear that the national reproductive health program that favoured forced sterilization was part of national security goals developed during the two consecutive Fujimori administrations in complicity with the armed forces. For the sake of the national memory, we must make an effort to understand that those affected by that program were victims of political violence. Forced sterilization did not merely coincide with the armed conflict; it was a weapon of war and an instrument of torture of women and the indigenous people that the state considered a crucial part of the terrorist uprising, as outlined in the Green Plan [Plan Verde]. It is important to recover the historical context: the eugenics of forced sterilization remains the worst crime committed by the state against rural indigenous women in our republican history. These experiences still struggle to be heard, and neither justice, memory, nor reparations will take place as long as we continue to perpetuate this ignominious history of exclusion. (Ballón Gutierrez 2023 p.219) JD John M. Turner (talk) 22:03, 9 January 2025 (UTC)
Sorry, that one actually was done. Not sure why I marked it. Spookyaki (talk) 22:07, 9 January 2025 (UTC)
Under Ollanta Humala's administration, the Registry of Victims of Forced Sterilizations (Reviesfo) within the Peruvian Ministry of Justice was created in 2016. — While Reviesfo is discussed on pages 14-15 on Carranza Ko, its establishment is not. That is discussed on page 25, and there it says that it was established under Pedro Pablo Kuczynski's administration. It does not give a year for its establishment. Is there something I'm missing? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
"In 2015, under Ollanta Humala’s presidency, the Peruvian government launched the REVIESFO, the National Register for Women Affected by Forced Sterilisation in Peru, handled by the Ministry of Justice. For the first time, a state register recorded how many women have actually gone through forced sterilisations."
Source: https://shado-mag.com/opinion/the-fight-for-reparations-for-women-affected-by-forced-sterilisations-in-peru/ JD John M. Turner (talk) 02:29, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
"Even the governments that succeeded Fujimori’s presidency did not establish a relationship with victims, with the notable exceptions of President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (2016–2018) who set up the registry for victims (REVIESFO)..." (Carranza Ko 2023, p. 23). I would consider Carranza Ko to be a stronger source in this case, but it might be worth mentioning this piece in a footnote. Spookyaki (talk) 02:33, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
I forgot to cite this. JD John M. Turner (talk) 02:33, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
I have included it as it appeared in Carranza Ko for verifiability. JD John M. Turner (talk) 22:05, 9 January 2025 (UTC) Y
...this agency was able to identify at least 5,000 women who underwent sterilization against their will. Therefore, the actual number is estimated to be higher. — I cannot find any reference to this 5,000 number in either Carranza Ko or Vasquez Del Aguila. Could you provide the supporting passage(s)? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Reviewing these figures, it appears that the number of identified victims has risen to 8,000. Ballon Gutierrez 2023, p. 215. JD John M. Turner (talk) 02:33, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
Got it. In that case, do cite Ballon Gutierrez and adjust the numbers. Spookyaki (talk) 02:35, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
"Created barriers to reparations
When applied, the amendments to the reparations law would benefit roughly 8000 women (and men) who are registered in the Registry of Victims of Forced Sterilization (RE-VIESFO) (Vidal Carrasco, 2022: 48). However, it is important to note that REVIESFO does not represent all the women and men who were forcedly sterilized as a result of the family planning campaign. This is primarily due to the difficulties in registering for the REVIESFO. To register you need your national identification card (DNI); birth certificate; baptism certificate; any other additional document of identification; medical record on tubal ligation; and in the case that you do not have a medical record, one must request a diagnostic test that confirms tubal ligation (ONAMIAP, 2018).
Not every Peruvian person has a DNI. Although government statistics indicate that 97.2% of the total population has a DNI (INEI, 2022), according to the UNICEF, only 40.1% of peoples from Indigenous communities have a DNI (Fornara, 2018). Challenges to obtaining a DNI are common, with Indigenous peoples needing to travel to the bigger cities for paperwork, which can be of high risk depending on the lengths and conditions of travel. Additionally, there are reported cases of identity theft of Indigenous persons, who travelled for days to cities only to find out that their identities had been stolen (Rodrı́guez Alzza, 2020). Relating these difficulties back to the REVIESFO, as the majority of the peoples affected by coercive sterilization were of Indigenous descent, thus, they likely had a harder time registering their cases—which necessitates a DNI—as victims. Disregarding the possible excluded population, nevertheless, the changes in the Law on Integral Reparations Plan would still benefit the 8000 women and men who were able to record their cases in the REVIESFO. In that, there was some merit to the proposed legal changes to the reparations law." (Carranza Ko, 2023 p. 14) JD John M. Turner (talk) 22:11, 9 January 2025 (UTC)
In the article, please. Spookyaki (talk) 22:15, 9 January 2025 (UTC)
It was already done. JD John M. Turner (talk) 22:32, 9 January 2025 (UTC) Y
According to Peru's congressional subcommittee investigations, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and the Nippon Foundation supported the sterilization efforts of the Fujimori government. — Cite page 46 of Informe final... Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Done. JD John M. Turner (talk) 22:32, 9 January 2025 (UTC) Y
For three decades, USAID has been the principal foreign donor to family planning in Peru. Until the 1990s, the Peruvian government's commitment to providing family planning services was limited. — While Chávez et al. does appear to support this claim, it doesn't appear to have a page 109 (it begins on page 139). Are your page number different? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Done. JD John M. Turner (talk) 22:17, 9 January 2025 (UTC) Y
In January 1998, David Morrison, from the U.S.-based NGO Population Research Institute (PRI), traveled to Peru to investigate claims of human rights abuses related to these programs. During his visit, Morrison gathered testimony from Peruvian politicians and other figures opposed to family planning but did not meet with USAID officials in Peru. — Same as above. This information is on page 140 in my copy. Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC) Y
Upon his return to the United States, the PRI submitted its findings to U.S. Congressman Chris Smith, a member of the Republican Party, urging for the suspension of USAID's family planning efforts in Peru. Smith subsequently dispatched a member of his staff to Peru for further investigation. — Also page 140. Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC) Y
In February 1998, another far-right U.S. organization, the Latin American Alliance for the Family, sent its director to Peru to examine the situation, again without consulting USAID officials. On February 25, 1998, a subcommittee of the U.S. House Committee on International Relations, chaired by Smith, held a hearing on "the Peruvian population control program". — This is on pages 140-141 for me. Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC) Y
Allegations that USAID was funding forced sterilizations in Peru prompted Congressman Todd Tiahrt to introduce the "Tiahrt Amendment" in 1998. However, the subcommittee concluded that USAID's funding had not supported the abuses committed by the Peruvian government. — Tiahrt is given a passing mention on page 141 of Chávez et al, but his amendment is not discussed. I don't see any mention of Tiahrt at all in fn 46. Am I missing something? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Done. JD John M. Turner (talk) 22:20, 9 January 2025 (UTC) Y
Efforts to address the forced sterilizations have been pursued by both civil society and the government. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was established in 2001 to investigate two decades of civil war between the Shining Path, rondas campesinas (peasant militias), and the Peruvian military. — This context for the report needs to be sourced. Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC) Y
Its final report, published in 2003, concluded that Vladimiro Montesinos had taken the Plan Verde military conspiracy beyond what its original plotters had envisioned. — This is supported by pages 336-337 of the report. Right now the pages are listed as 328–305, which I assume is a mistake. Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
The Commission was criticized, however, for not investigating the forced sterilization campaign. — This claim needs to be cited. Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC) Y
This position was often articulated through the defense of women's "right to motherhood." The Church's opposition gained international attention through media statements that emphasized concerns about violations of personal freedoms. — While this is mostly supported by fn 42, I don't see the phrase "Right to Motherhood" anywhere in the source. Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
The Peruvian Catholic Church integrated into its conservative discourse many progressive notions from human rights and public health frameworks in order to oppose family planning. Inters of human rights, the Catholic Church used the discourse of women’s freedom to oppose the family planning campaign, ‘it violates our people’s freedom’ was their coordinated response to the local and international media. Another common narrative was the defence of ‘women’s rights to motherhood’ (Yon, 2000).  JD John M. Turner (talk) 15:35, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
Vasquez Del Aguila, 2022, p.109 JD John M. Turner (talk) 15:36, 5 January 2025 (UTC) Y
Feminist organizations, such as the NGO Flora Tristán... prior and informed consent. — This is supported by Vasquez Del Aguila, but in my copy, it's on page 105. Is it different in yours? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC) Y
Done. JD John M. Turner (talk) 22:21, 9 January 2025 (UTC)
Reports by NGOs also revealed that health professionals were incentivized with bonuses ranging from $4 to $30 for each woman they "persuaded" and sterilized, and promotions were given based on meeting sterilization quotas. Professionals who did not meet these targets could lose their career advancement. — A few problems here. Firstly, it's not just reports by "NGOs," it's the same NGO: Flora Tristán. Including this claim in its own section is misleading. Secondly, the source says that the bonuses ranged from "U.S.$4 to $10," not $4 to $30. The currency should also be specified. Finally, the page here is also different in my copy. In mine, this information is also on page 105, not 109. Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC) Y
The links on fn 49 don't seem to be working for me. Could you fix them and provide me the relevant passage(s) from this excerpt?: Publicly, the Fujimori administration and Fujimorists denied the existence of a forced sterilization program... Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Molina Serra, 2017, p. 39: "Fujimoristas defend themselves by denying the existence of a massive population control policy." [translated from Spanish]. JD John M. Turner (talk) 15:07, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
Great! Please fix or remove the PDF link as well. Spookyaki (talk) 18:10, 6 January 2025 (UTC) Y
While the Toledo administration condemned the practice of forced sterilizations, it also faced criticism for other reproductive rights violations... — While this is discussed in Vasquez Del Aguila, it is on page 107 for me, not 109. Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which defines the legal parameters of international crimes, classifies forced sterilization as a crime against humanity. — While this is true under article 7(G) of the Rome Statute, I don't see any support for this claim in the DW article. Am I missing something? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
It appears there was a translation error. The original German version clearly states that forced sterilization is defined as a crime against humanity according to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The German version does not mention that the International Criminal Court has adjudicated it as such because, to my knowledge, this body can only judge crimes that have occurred after its establishment in 2002. JD John M. Turner (talk) 15:13, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
In that case, please cite the German version. I believe you should also cite:
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (PDF). International Criminal Court. 2021. Art 7(G).
{{cite act |title=Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court  |date=2021 |institution=International Criminal Court |at=Art 7(G) |url=https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/2024-05/Rome-Statute-eng.pdf |access-date=}} Spookyaki (talk) 18:10, 6 January 2025 (UTC)
Done. JD John M. Turner (talk) 20:56, 6 January 2025 (UTC)
Done. JD John M. Turner (talk) 22:23, 9 January 2025 (UTC) Y
Okay, spot check done. Thanks again for your hard work! It does seem like (unless somehow we are using completely different versions of these sources) there are some pretty major issues, particularly in the latter half of the article. How long do you think it will take you to address them? Spookyaki (talk) 06:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC)

Thank you very much for your reviews. I will correct these errors immediately. JD John M. Turner (talk) 15:56, 3 January 2025 (UTC)
Okay, before you continue, I meant to reply to my comments with the relevant passages, not to put them in the article. Spookyaki (talk) 23:57, 4 January 2025 (UTC)
Understood. I will respond to your comments with the relevant passages. JD John M. Turner (talk) 00:15, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
Also please leave a comment walking me through some of these additions you're making. Spookyaki (talk) 00:15, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
I have found images that could be added to the article at this link. The issue is that the newspaper does not specify the license under which these images are published. However, judging by their content, it is unlikely that they are under a commercial license. JD John M. Turner (talk) 20:02, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
If you're not sure about the licenses, I would recommend asking at the Commons:Village pump at Wikimedia Commons. Spookyaki (talk) 17:55, 6 January 2025 (UTC)


### Third readthrough, new issues
...a Nikkei Peruvian... — Is this relevant to the article? If so, please elaborate. Spookyaki (talk) 17:49, 6 January 2025 (UTC)
Not relevant to the article. I will remove it JD John M. Turner (talk) 20:48, 6 January 2025 (UTC) Y
...and healthcare workers sometimes offered food incentives—such as bags of rice—to persuade women to undergo the procedure. — Claim must be cited. Spookyaki (talk) 17:49, 6 January 2025 (UTC) Y
Hey there @JD John M. Turnerhal! It's been about a week and the article still needs quite a bit of work before I can pass it. Do you think you can have it done by tomorrow? If not, I can close this review and you can renominate once these sourcing issues have been addressed. Spookyaki (talk) 19:04, 9 January 2025 (UTC)

Could you please specify the remaining problems that need to be addressed? Thank you very much. JD John M. Turner (talk) 20:52, 9 January 2025 (UTC)
Sure, I'll mark them above. Spookyaki (talk) 21:09, 9 January 2025 (UTC)
They have been marked. Spookyaki (talk) 21:40, 9 January 2025 (UTC)
I trust that I have resolved all the citation issues. JD John M. Turner (talk) 22:33, 9 January 2025 (UTC)
Almost there. Most of the citation issues have been resolved. Just a few more things to go! Spookyaki (talk) 22:45, 9 January 2025 (UTC)
Alright, looks good. Am going to go ahead and pass it now. Thank you so much for your patience and hard work. This is an excellent article, and I'm glad that we were able to get it to GA! Spookyaki (talk) 00:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC)
Thank you so much for your kind words and support throughout the process JD John M. Turner (talk) 02:14, 10 January 2025 (UTC)