# Talk:Alchon Huns

@HistoryofIran, Kansas Bear, LouisAragon, PericlesofAthens, Cpt.a.haddock, Grant65, Razer2115,  and Alx bio:
A well-intentioned user has started some page renaming away from the original name "Alchon Huns" [1], in favour of "Alchons Hunas". Unfortunately,  nobody uses the expression "Alchon Hunas" (zero hits on Google Books [2], and only 1 hit on Google from a Jat blog [3] aside from that user's contributions). It's probably OK to say that the Indians called them (and some others) "Hunas", but "Alchon Huns" is the generally accepted term for them among historians (115 hits on Google Books [4]). 
A second attempt was made from "Alchon Hunas" to "Alchon" [5] this time... with the claim that "suffixes like Hunas/Huns are redundant" [6]. However, almost nobody in the literature uses the expression "The Alchons" alone, without the suffix "Huns" (and the suffixe "Hunas" is simply never used as seen above) : there are only two cases of "The Alchons" being used alone on Google Book [7], and "The Alchon" in the singular is only used as an adjective as in "The Alchon coinage", except for two cases were it is used as a noum [8]. Again "Alchon Huns" is almost the only way these people are described in the literature: (115 instances on Google Books [9]). 
As far as I know, Wikipedia is not supposed to invent new terminology or adopt extremely marginal terminologies in neglect of mainstream ones, and "Alchon Huns" is very clearly the mainstream terminology [10]. At most, we could mention in the article that a few authors have only been referring to them as simply "The Alchons", but it does not justify that the article itself be named according to this very rare usage. "Alchon Huns" is clearly the way to go. Opinions welcome. पाटलिपुत्र (talk) 09:58, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

This is obviously a contested move and needs a move request. I've attempted to move this page back to its original location at Alchon Huns, but the speedy deletion request to facilitate the move is pending and has since been contested by Grant65.—Cpt.a.haddock (talk) (please ping when replying) 10:24, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
How about just reverting and opening a move request with your supporting arguments as is the norm instead of all this drama, Grant65? पाटलिपुत्र's talk page is not the place for justifying your move. There are other editors too who may have views on this. The article is also a GA nominee at the moment.—Cpt.a.haddock (talk) (please ping when replying) 12:52, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
Names are always an interesting topic of scholarly discussion, since there are indeed many connotations that go along with them. As was pointed out, wikipedia is not the place to document primary research, rather it serves to distill the collective literature which documents primary research. As a side note, there are ancient Western sources that name "Xion" (Greek Hion) referring to the Hunas of the Indian sources (where we get the confusing and overlapping term for Xionites). In my opinion, "Huns" is a reasonable anglicization for these terms. Regardless of my opinion, पाटलिपुत्र's quantification of the references in the source literature is the salient point for Wikipedia and justifies naming the article in the way the majority of scholars do. Thank you पाटलिपुत्र!! ping (alx_bio 03:55, 19 September 2017 (UTC))

Cpt.a.haddock, since this article is now back at the location that is in dispute, I'm not sure what you propose I "revert" – or and why you consider a move request to be "the norm".
Anyway I agree that user talk pages aren't the best place to have these discussions, so I'll restate here.

The coins are, by far, the main and most authoritative primary source on the Alchon, including their name. And as Dr Pankaj Tandon (2013, " Notes on the Evolution of Alchon Coins", Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society, no. 216, , pp. 24-34.) points out None of the coins identifies an individual king; rather they all bear the legend alchono or alchonano in Bactrian letters.
Clearly, the people in question used the names ALCHON, ALXON, ALKHON, ALKHAN, ALAKHANA, WALXON etc as genitive or plural noun (on coins etc). Note also that:

this is without a genitive suffix such as "Huns" or Huna;
there is also no evidence for an -s plural; even the -s in Alchon is redundant.
(I haven't researched the historical usage of "Alchon Huns", but suspect that it originated as a back formation, based on related ethnonyms such as Sveta-huna , which is also dubiously translated as "White Huns").
The only people to whom the name Hun (and declensions such as Huns, Hunnic etc) may be applied uncontroversially are the people who entered Western Asia/Europe from the Eurasian Steppe as early as the 4th century (376 CE), under leaders such as Attila. (They may be connected to the Khuni, also known as the Chuni or Huni, who appear to have settled in the North Caucasus as early as the 2nd century.) Note, in particular:

the western Huns are recorded up to a century before the Huna entered South Asia;
evidence for close ties between the two groups is purely circumstantial;
two or more unrelated groups could, purely by coincidence, share similar names;
like most peoples who disappeared long before the modern era, we know virtually nothing about the early history of both groups, including their urheimat and original language (although the majority view of the Huns who ended up in Europe is that they were a confederation of Turkic, Uralic, Scythian/Saka and possibly Yenisei, Mongolian, Tungusic tribes and others.
Obviously I am aware that the Huna are often referred to, in South Asian contexts as "Huns". However:

If it is the case that a majority uses a dubious name, it is also clearly a redundancy that has become semi-normalised (in much in the same way as "PIN number").
WP:COMMON does not necessarily require the most common name, just one of the common names. It follows that this is especially the case if the common name is demonstrably:
controversial
factually incorrect
misspelled
ungrammatical
a pleonasm (e.g. a redundancy)
a neologism
ahistorical, anachronistic, or a similar reason.
Hence a name used in popular culture, or even in academic circles, is not necessarily relevant.
Of the relevant works featured in Google Books:

673 of these use, without a qualifying suffix, the terms Alkhon, Alxon, Alkhan, Alakhana, Walxon or Alchon. These include authoritative examples like Michael Maas (ed.) 2014, The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila and Daniel T. Potts, 2014, Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era
A separate search for Alkhons, Alxons, Alkhans, Alakhanas, Walxons or Alchons +huns OR +hunas -alkhon-huns -alxon-huns -alchon-huns -Alkhan-huns -Alakhana-huns -Walxon-huns -alchon-huns brought up a further 166 hits.
A title for the article such as Alchon is simpler, unambiguous, consistent with the endonym of the people concerned and avoids:

the controversial translation of Huna as "Huns";
the issues of neologism (raised by पाटलिपुत्र  i.e. "Alchon Hunas") and;
redundancies like "Alchon Huns" – i.e. since all of the Alchon were Hunas/Huns, and referred to themselves simply as "Alchon", there is no need for a qualifier (Huns/Hunas).
Grant | Talk 12:27, 22 September 2017 (UTC) 
Above @पाटलिपुत्र and Cpt.a.haddock: Grant | Talk 06:05, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

@Grant65: Please open a move request with your supporting evidence so people can vote on it or provide evidence of their own countering it. This could perhaps also include a similar request for the Nezak Huns. You certainly have a point re:redundancy (esp. if Alkhan itself is believed to mean Red Huns?) and consistency with the articles on the other Hunnic peoples. However, I am not sure that this trumps WP:COMMONNAME and/or scholarly usage and, from what I'm seeing in Google Books, "Alchon Huns" is the more popular.  Also, in terms of search results, what we need to compare are the terms as nouns and it is difficult to filter Google results based on parts of speech or negative collocation. I don't think "controversial", "factually incorrect", "misspelled", "ungrammatical", "ahistorical", or "neologism" really apply here and Wikipedia (and language in general) is full of redundant titles ranging from Dal Lake to Mount Maunganui (mountain). Thanks.—Cpt.a.haddock (talk) (please ping when replying) 12:24, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

To check as many errors as possible in the references and/or notes, I recommend using User:Lingzhi/reviewsourcecheck in conjunction with two other scripts. You can install them as follows:

First, copy/paste importScript('User:Ucucha/HarvErrors.js'); to Special:MyPage/common.js .
On the same page and below that script add importScript('User:Lingzhi/reviewsourcecheck.js');. Save that page.
Finally go to to Special:MyPage/common.css and add .citation-comment {display: inline !important;} /* show all Citation Style 1 error messages */.
When you've added all those, go to an article to check for various messages in its notes and references. (You may need to clear your browser's cache first). The output of User:Lingzhi/reviewsourcecheck is not foolproof and can be verbose. Use common sense when interpreting output (especially with respect to sorting errors). Reading the explanatory page will help more than a little. The least urgent message of all is probably Missing archive link; archiving weblinks is good practice but lack of archiving will probably not be mentioned in any content review. Lingzhi ♦ (talk) 03:17, 16 February 2018 (UTC)

This review is transcluded from Talk:Alchon Huns/GA1. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.
Reviewer: Gog the Mild (talk · contribs) 10:02, 17 May 2018 (UTC)


### Criteria
General comment regarding GA nomination
I would like to state my opinion that this article should fail GA because the present title ("Alchon Huns") fails WP:TITLE and the same terminology ("Alchon Huns") within the article fails WP:NPOV and WP:SYSTEMIC. I have given my reasons above in a RM discussion, but will restate briefly.
That is, WP:TITLE states that "the ideal article title ... precisely identifies the subject, and is short, natural, distinguishable and recognizable". There is no other famous "Alchon" and the people concerned used the endonyms Alkhono and Alkhon. Their own texts do not include the word "Hun". (Even "Alchon" is a Romanisation and not ideal in English because of the way that "ch" is usually pronounced.) Hence "Huns" is a redundancy and many scholars do not use the suffix when referring specifically to the Alchon.
With regard to WP:NPOV and WP:SYSTEMIC, the present title also fails because this usage of "Huns" is an anachronism and ahistorical. The Alchon and associated peoples were known collectively in Central Asia and South Asia by names such as Xyon/Huna (i.e. not "Huns.) To cut a long story short, some scholars, centuries ago, coined various neologisms with the formula  "____ Huns". This reinforced a still-controversial theory that peoples such as the Alkhon were an integral part of the Huns led by Attila etc that invaded Europe during the 4th Century. In fact, however, this is a conflation and there is no proven link whatsoever between any peoples of South Central Asia (including the Alchon) and the Huns proper. As I say, many scholars do not use the suffix "Huns" when referring to the Alchon.
(As such, WP:RS is moot here, because in this case many otherwise reliable sources are demonstrably and objectively wrong on this point. WP:COMMON is also moot, because as the policy says, there may be more than one common name and we are required to make subjective judgements, based on consensus.)
Grant | Talk 07:44, 3 June 2018 (UTC)

Hi Grant65; @Alx bio: Thanks for the input. I noted the discussion on the talk page before I picked up this nomination. However, there is no criterion regarding article titles at GA stage. So WP:TITLE, or any other title guidelines will not affect my decision. That said, I will bear your comments in mind when assessing criteria 1a, 2b and 2c. You may want to keep an eye on the assessment and comment as you feel appropriate. Gog the Mild (talk) 17:25, 4 June 2018 (UTC)


### Review
Well-written:

Verifiable with no original research:

Broad in its coverage:

Neutral: it represents viewpoints fairly and without editorial bias, giving due weight to each.

Stable: it does not change significantly from day to day because of an ongoing edit war or content dispute.

Illustrated, if possible, by media such as images, video, or audio:


#### Result
#### Discussion
Copied from my talk page:

Hi, thanks for your reviewing Alchon Huns and for your initial recommendations. I'll get on with addressing the issues you raise, which are all on point! I agree the article is over-illustrated so will remove images you suggest. It looks like I'll have to take on a bigger edit load than I initially thought. Though happy to do it, it will prolong the process a bit. Thanks for being patient! alx_bio 02:09, 1 June 2018 (UTC)
@Alx bio: No problem. Take your time. (Within reason.) So long as there is someone still interested in working on the article I am happy. I haven't really got into it yet - I didn't want to waste my time if the editors had lost interest - but it looks solid. So hopefully not too much work for you. Gog the Mild (talk) 08:59, 1 June 2018 (UTC)
@Alx bio: Some initial thoughts. If you could confirm that you are still interested in taking this fine looking article forward I will have a closer look at it. Thanks. Gog the Mild (talk) 10:26, 17 May 2018 (UTC)

Per MOS:LEADLENGTH, articles of this length should have a 2-3 paragraph lead. The current lead is five paragraphs.
Consolidated, removed references, conformed to size standards as suggested.

OCLCs or ISBNs missing from Sankalia, Gobl and Gudrun.
Added ISBNs to Gobl and Gudrun. Sankalia is a thesis dissertation monograph and appears to not have an ISBN.
There are several "citation needed" tags which need addressing.
working on it. Added citations, removed "current authoritative work", claim not yet established in literature. alx_bio 17:10, 17 June 2018 (UTC)
Thanks @Gog the Mild:. Will start working on these points. Will also bring in @पाटलिपुत्र:, who is an expert on the subject and major contributor. alx_bio 12:57, 18 May 2018 (UTC)

Hi alx_bio, thanks for the response. I didn't want to put work in if the editor had gone on a Wikibreak. You seem to have had this one waiting a while. I will let you sort the citations and the lead before I commit to much time to the rest. I note that your expert is currently blocked, so they (and you) will need to exercise appropriate care. I use [WorldCat] to find publishers, ISBNs etc. Gog the Mild (talk) 13:30, 18 May 2018 (UTC)
Images.

The free use of File:The defeat of the Ephalites, or White Huns A.D. 528.jpg is disputed. As the article is well, possibly over, illustrated it may be easiest to simply delete it. The same applies to File:Talagan copper scroll.jpg.
Done
"Portrait of king Khingila, founder of the Alchon Huns, c. 430 – 490 CE". 'King' - upper case K.
Done
"Mihirakula was finally defeated in 528 by king Yasodharman." The same.
Done
@Alx bio: Hi again. There will coma a point soon when I will have to fail this for lack of response, which would be a great shame, as it does not seem to need a great amount of work to get to GA. If you could address some of the points above it would encourage me to remain patient. Gog the Mild (talk) 22:51, 15 June 2018 (UTC)
@Gog the Mild: Thanks for the nudge! I'm on it. Would not want efforts to go to waste! Responding to the points above. alx_bio 06:05, 17 June 2018 (UTC)
@Alx bio: Nice work so far. A couple of things I have noticed below. I will start going through the actual text over the next few days.

Ref 34, could you add the publisher (Austrian Academy of Sciences Press) and location.
Ref 40, needs an OCLC.
Ref 49, ISBNs did not exist in 1967. Either you have the date of publication wrong or you need an OCLC not an ISBN. Gog the Mild (talk) 11:45, 17 June 2018 (UTC)
Fixed 34, 40, and 49 alx_bio 15:59, 17 June 2018 (UTC)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Alx bio (talk • contribs) 
@Alx bio:
I have copy edited. Could you check it and revert anything you don't agree with or don't like.
Refs 8, 37, 38, 41, 42, 49 and 51 need publisher location.
In the references, the titles of all books should be in italics.
Where a "reference" is, or contains, additional information could you change it to a note; as in this article: Razing of Friesoythe#Sources. Let me know if you have problems with this.
It is looking good. There is less to do than I had thought. I will look again at it later in the week. Gog the Mild (talk) 14:14, 18 June 2018 (UTC)
I have now addressed the above issues throughout the article. Where appropriate, I have reformatted refs to cite book (with publisher location) or cite journal formats, where appropriate, in order to have all titles of references in italics, and to have uniformity throughout the references. Have created a Notes section for quotes within refs as well as other misc. info. @Gog the Mild:, please take a look and check if these look good. Thanks, alx_bio 19:02, 8 July 2018 (UTC)
@Gog the Mild:@पाटलिपुत्र::
Copy editing is all good.
Added publisher location to these, as well as to the newly converted "cite book" refs (see next)
Am going through and changing all book refs to "cite book", which places italics. This is an extensive edit as most refs were not cite book. Have so far gone through up to and including ===Defeat (515 CE)===
Yes, no problem. I have created a notes section and have converted one ref to note so far. Will continue as I go through the refs
alx_bio 06:02, 8 July 2018 (UTC)
@Alx bio: On a skim it looks good. You have put a lot of work in. It will be tomorrow before I can go through your changes in detail but I think that you can be optimistic. Gog the Mild (talk) 19:51, 8 July 2018 (UTC)


### Additional notes
### Contributor +1
@Gog the Mild@Alx bio Dear both, I am back at last, thank you for taking care of things while I was away! I will try to contribute to the GA process as needed. पाटलिपुत्र (talk) 14:28, 18 June 2018 (UTC)

Hi पाटलिपुत्र. Good to see you back. Let me have any comments on progress so far. I don't think that there is too much still to do. Gog the Mild (talk) 14:33, 18 June 2018 (UTC)

Thank you @Gog the Mild: and @पाटलिपुत्र: for the great work on this GA nomination. I have submitted a DYK nomination, feel free to provide alt hooks!

Did this nomadic people call themselves Hun or this name is just given to them by modern scholars? I ask this question because I don't see similar approach in the name of articles like Hephthalites and Kidarites. --Wario-Man (talk) 02:03, 27 October 2018 (UTC)

They used the word "Alchon" on their coins (although it's not 100% sure that it was ment to be the name of their ethnic group), the Indians called them "Hunas" (as many such tribes from the northwest), and the general naming for them in the literature is "Alchon Huns".पाटलिपुत्र (talk) 05:36, 27 October 2018 (UTC)

I have started with a bit of tagging. I see loads of WP:OR and source misrepresentation. And, I have serious doubts about the whole concept of this article.
The way I see things stated in sources, these people were Hephthalites. Alchon/Alkhan was a dynasty. Indians and perhaps Iranians called them "White Huns" (Sveta Huna). Scholars haven't confirmed that they were in fact Huns. Please see this chapter:

Litvinsky, B. A. (1996). "The Hephthalite Empire". In B. A. Litvinsky; Zhang Guang-da; R. Shabani Samghabadi (eds.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. III: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. Paris: UNESCO. pp. 138–165. ISBN 978-92-3-103211-0.
-- Kautilya3 (talk) 21:16, 17 May 2019 (UTC)

I no longer have the book with me, but I'm pretty sure Kim, The Huns, discusses them separately. I may be wrong there. Can you show sources equating the two?--Ermenrich (talk) 22:01, 17 May 2019 (UTC)
The Litvinsky chapter is available online (as are all the volumes of the UNESCO Central Asia series).
Kim says that Hephthalites were White Huns, and so were the Kidarites. There is no mention of "Alchon Huns". But he does include Toramana etc among Hephthalites. -- Kautilya3 (talk) 23:39, 17 May 2019 (UTC)
So are you proposing merging this into Hephthalites, or renaming it "Alchon Dynasty"? Before doing anything major, I'd suggest requesting comment at some of the relevant wikiprojects.--Ermenrich (talk) 00:59, 18 May 2019 (UTC)
My feeling is that they were a dynasty, or a ruling house. It seems that the first of their rulers was called Alakhana or something of that sort and all (or some of) the successors used it as if it were a surname. But it doesn't appear that all the people under their rule had any particular ethnicity. The situation is somewhat like "Selucids", who were not a tribe or an ethnic group, but just the people of a particular empire/ruling house. -- Kautilya3 (talk) 08:31, 18 May 2019 (UTC)
That may be your feeling, but none of the proposed etymologies of Alchon support this conclusion. Rather, they generally support the notion that -chon is a form of the ethnic name Hun. See especially the entry in Encyclopedia Iranica.--Ermenrich (talk) 13:16, 18 May 2019 (UTC)
Kim specifically identifies the "Alkhon" as "the southern wing of the White Huns". That would imply at the least that they were a people and had some sort of separate existence which he does not document. I don't have time to look for more sources now but I will soon.--Ermenrich (talk) 01:08, 18 May 2019 (UTC)
Found the following: "al).9 Behind the head we see a characteristic symbol [...] which is the tamga of of the Indian Hunas, or Alchon Huns, as Robert Göbl called them, and which is frequently attested on Alchon coinage." The article clearly uses Alchon to refer to a people, though it is unclear how it differentiates them from the Hunas. It cites a paper G. Melzer (2006) "A Copper Scroll Inscription from the Time of the Alchon Huns" as well. Cf. also Klaus Vondrovec (2008) 'Numismatic evidence ofthe Alehon Huns reconsidered', cited here. It seems that these few references refer to their coinage, as well as Khingila. Obviously there must be some more sources for the term, this is just what I've scrounged together from JSTOR.--Ermenrich (talk) 02:30, 18 May 2019 (UTC)
I am sure you can find all kinds of mentions in research papers, since the scholars are still trying out figure out the history. But I believe the predominant view among the scholars at present, as exemplified by the Litvinsky chapter as well as Kim's quite thorough discussion, is that they were Hepthalites. See in Kim:
From there the Kidarites became a threat to the Gupta Empire of India (ca. 320-550 AD).... They were finally destroyed in the Gandhara region by the Hephthalites towards the end of the fifth century, sometime between 477 AD (the date of their last embassy to the Tuoba Wei) and 520 AD (when Gandhara is definitely under Hephthalite control according to a Chinese pilgrim).
So, there were two groups that invaded India, in succession. Indians of course called all of them "White Huns". -- Kautilya3 (talk) 08:58, 18 May 2019 (UTC)
The modern view is that the Alchons were a separate entity from the Hephthalites. See a recent (2017) overview  by Khodadad Rezakhani in ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. पाटलिपुत्र (talk) 10:12, 18 May 2019 (UTC)

Indeed. See also the Encylopedia Iranica, which, following Göbl, identifies four waves of Iranian Huns: the "Alkhon" are the second wave, the Hephthalites are the fourth wave. The tagging that Kautilya3 has done to the lede is unwarrented and I'm removing unless he can find sources that actually say what he says, rather than potentially imply it.
That's not to say that the article does not need some work, but I've already done my duty improving Huns so I'm not sure I'm the man to fix everything up here.--Ermenrich (talk) 13:19, 18 May 2019 (UTC)
Ok, these are good sources, and I will study them. However, please note that citations are required even in the lead when the issues are controversial (WP:LEADCITE), and we are obliged to report all views found in the reliable sources even if we believe they have been overtaken by more recent views (WP:NPOV). Hopefully, पाटलिपुत्र can attend to these. -- Kautilya3 (talk) 14:24, 18 May 2019 (UTC)
You're absolutely right that if there are scholars who view the Alchon Huns as part of the Hephthalites we must include those views. It would be better to mention alternative views (in the body and lead) rather than using citation needed tags, however. As I said, the article definitely needs some work: it lacks a works cited section, making it very difficult to figure out what sources were used, for starters.--Ermenrich (talk) 14:40, 18 May 2019 (UTC)
पाटलिपुत्र, thanks for adding citations. Can you also revise Middle kingdoms of India and History of India in line with this article? I am also not sure what to do about Hephthalite Empire. -- Kautilya3 (talk) 11:13, 20 May 2019 (UTC)

The invadars were followed by Huns and Sakas 2409:4064:E8D:6D33:0:0:1FC9:7208 (talk) 07:42, 20 December 2021 (UTC)

This article contained a reference to the so-called "Silk Road Foundation", also known as "Silk Road". It's an online publisher. The website can be found here:
https://www.silkroadfoundation.org

This publication sometimes refers to itself as "Silk Road Journal", but should NOT be confused with Silk Road Journal Online, which has absolutely nothing to do with this discussion.

The Silk Road Journal in question is based primarily around  Asian archaeology and history. It typically publishes theoretical articles written by researchers who appear to mostly hail from Russia and China. The sole editor of the publication, an American man named Daniel Waugh, has candidly stated that it has no formal peer review:
http://www.silkroadfoundation.org/newsletter/vol15/srjournal_v15.pdf
From the outset, there has been no formal process of peer review, such as one expects in the standard academic journals. We still solicit articles (a task which largely has devolved on me over the years), though we also receive (but have not been overwhelmed by) unsolicited submissions.
Decisions on what to publish (as with any journal) ultimately rest with the editor, who in this case, for better or worse, has acted as the peer reviewer. I often see what I think is gold in material that could never find its way into a standard academic publication. But the perils of rarely seeking outside opinions may mean things slip through without acknowledgement that a subject has been thoroughly treated elsewhere.
The lack of formal peer review does have the unfortunate consequence that junior scholars hoping to advance in their profession may avoid us, since their promotion will depend in the first instance on peer reviewed publication, however excellent (and widely cited) a piece might be which we would publish. Yet in some cases where there is a premium for academics in other countries to publish in a respected journal in English, we have been able to provide just such an opportunity. Many of the senior scholars we  have solicited for contributions have politely refused to write for us, since they are already over-committed [...]
So, the Silk Road Foundation is a speedy publishing mill for primary research that is not formally peer reviewed. The editor describes himself as someone who often sees "'gold in material that would never find its way in to a standard academic publication'". A lot of researchers don't want to be published by Silk Road Foundation, and those that do are disproportionately from non-English speaking countries, who struggle to get their theories published in standard English-language journals. 
To my mind, this is very near to the definition of predatory publishing, with the exception that the Silk Road Foundation does not even provide the benefits of high-end predatory puboishers, like DOI. It's really more like an internet blog. 
The Silk Road Foundation is cited on various ethnical and archaeological articles on Wikipedia, often advancing pet theories, which is out of touch with WP:RS, which says that Wikipedia should prioritize high-quality, peer reviewed secondary research over this kind of stuff. 
Although I'm not aware of any controversial material in this particular Wiki article related to its Silk Road Foundation reference, and I have no enmity for the Silk Road Foundation or its publisher, or its authors, this source does not meet Wikipedia's standards for reliable sources, and should not be cited. Hunan201p (talk) 08:34, 27 December 2021 (UTC)

To expand upon. TrangaBellam (talk) 11:34, 6 January 2022 (UTC)