almost every teen has heard about the kissing disease. though only about 5 - 10 percent of them actually come down with the symptoms of mono, tales of this infection are well known in adolescent circles. when i see a teen in the clinic with the classic symptoms of fever, sore throat, fatigue and enlarged lymph nodes, i tell them it could be mono. many of them nod knowingly and flash an embarrassing smile because now they think their parents must know they ’ re kissing someone. truth is, while mono can be commonly spread by sharing kisses, it ’ s also spread by sharing eating or drinking utensils and by sexual contact. coming into contact with the bodily fluids of someone currently infected with mono increases your chances of catching it. what is mono? mono is a viral infection caused by ebv ( epstein - barr virus ). it ’ s incredibly ubiquitous and most children are exposed to it prior to adolescence. the difference is children rarely come down with the symptoms of mono. so, the illness is most common in 15 - to 24 - year - olds who were not exposed in childhood. eventually 90 - 95 percent of the population becomes ebv positive. fatigue and sore throat are by far the most common and most severe complaints of mono. fever may occur early in the disease but is not the most significant symptom. it ’ s often mistaken for strep throat or the flu since symptoms can greatly overlap. to confirm suspicions of mono, many teens will need a blood test checking their white blood count and for presence of antibodies to ebv. a strep culture may also be done to rule out strep throat. caution in mono about 50 - 60 percent of teens with mono will also have an enlarged spleen. rupture of the spleen is rare but can be life threatening and for this reason, teens are not to participate in all sports activities for a minimum of 3 weeks. contact sports, such as football, are definitely sidelined until 4 weeks after the onset of illness. check with your child ’ s doctor to know when your teen gets the green light. when can my teen return to school? once your teen is afebrile, sore throat is under control and fatigue has lifted then he / she is likely ready to return to school. there ’ s no hard and fast rule on this since contagiousness starts before onset of symptoms and shedding of the virus continues long after initial infection. remind your teens to not share eating or drinking utensils and to avoid intimate


if a scientist tells you sunny days are ahead – duck and cover! he may be talking about space weather and the giant solar flares that fry satellites and national electrical grids! just in case you haven ’ t had enough stormy weather here on earth, astronomers are warning us to expect some major solar storms over the next few years. coming our way — more solar flares. click to expand! source : nasa solar dynamic observatory here ’ s what they are talking about. the sun is a spinning ball of hot magnetized gas and plasma. as it spins, the magnetic force lines in the sun become tangled. after a few years, the twisted magnetic fields are so tangled that they stick out in giant loops through sun ’ s surface – creating dark sun spots. when the sun is covered with giant storms and sunspots — something has to give. for the three years following the solar peak of activity, something does. like a rubber band stretched beyond endurance, the magnetic fields snap and break. this splatters large hunks of the solar gas and plasma out into space. we call the snapping “ solar flares ”. imagine heating a pot of grease. eventually, when it gets hot enough, the surface of the grease is covered with bubbles. when the bubbles burst, the grease spatters and anyone nearby can get burned. now imagine the splatter bigger than jupiter. fortunately the earth ' s magnetic field is a shield. however, some of the ionized solar particles leak through the north and south magnetic poles. when you look up in the sky, you can see the crackling energy as colorful “ northern lights ” or aurora. scientists warn that these solar “ splatters ” can do enormous damage to technology. the plasma is hot ( 269, ), and generates a strong electrical current. they are particularly dangerous to satellites, where they can fry computer chips or burn out equipment, and electrical power grids. they can create electrical surges that enter and burn out equipment and cause blackouts. the last time we had storms big enough to cause this damage was 1989, when a solar storm caused a major canadian blackout in quebec and hit several satellites. a national science foundation study shows a map of us electrical damage if there was another storm the size of the may 1921 super storm. yikes! parts of the us electrical grid at risk from a may, 1921 sized solar storm. source : nasa science news - john kappenmann, severe space weather events — understanding societal and economic impacts, national academy of sciences,


• hangover • pronunciation : hæng - o - ver • hear it! part of speech : noun meaning : 1. something or someone left over from a prior time period ; a vestige, a holdover, a leftover, a remnant. 2. the unpleasant effects of overdrinking the night before or a short period before, a katzenjammer. notes : today ' s word is an interesting bit of evidence of the importance of word order in language : an overhang is quite a different thing from a hangover. the only derivation ever tried for this word is hangoverish reported in 1939. the word currently appears only 5, 350 times on the web, mostly in dictionaries. in play : first things first : " this dorm must be a hangover from an old insane asylum! " the second meaning was derived from the first by means of narrowing to a strictly pejorative sense : " i had such a hangover from the party last night that i think i might have flunked the chemistry exam. " word history : today ' s good word is obviously a compound comprising hang + over. hang, the verb, is related to hittite gang - " to hang ", sanskrit sankate " wavers ", and latin cunctari " to delay ", so the proto - indo - european root pervaded the indo - european languages pretty thoroughly. the original past tense was hanged, but a northern british form, hung, emerged in the 16th century as the past participle, then moved on to take over as the past tense form. hanged remained only in the legal sense, legalese being more conservative than the general language. stonehenge originally meant " stone gallows ", presumably from the resemblance to gallows of the three - piece ensembles.


by alexander kurz adrenoleukodystrophy ( ald ) is an x - chromosomal recessive disorder which leads to adrenal gland dysfunction. the disease is characterised by an abnormal storage of very long chain fatty acids ( vlcfa ) in myelin and in almost all cells of the body. a variant of ald is adrenomyeloneuropathy ( amn ) in which the spinal cord and peripheral nerves are mainly affected, resulting in spastic paraparesis, sensory abnormalities in the legs, and bladder or anal sphincter dysfunction. symptoms and course the adult variant of ald becomes manifest at the age of 28 to 30 years. clinical features include behavioural disorders, psychotic symptoms, impaired sexual function, ataxia, psudobulbar symptoms, progressive dyskinesia or polyneuropathy. psychiatric and neurological symptoms are accompanied by adrenal gland dysfunction ( fatigue, intermittend vomiting, arterial hypotension, hyperpigmentation of the skin ) and hypogonadism. causes and risk factors ald is caused by mutations in the abcd1 gene ( xq28 ), which encodes a transporter involved in the import of very long - chain fatty acids ( vlcfa ) into the peroxisome. the storage of abnormally long fatty acids alters the properties of myelin and results in a destabilisation of myelin membranes followed by demyelinisation. the prevalence is estimated at 1 : 42. 000 ( van geel et al, 2001 ). juvenile, adolescent, and adult variants of ald may be distinguished. the adult form of ald accounts for approximately 3 % of all cases of ald. cranial ct demonstrates demyelinisation in 80 % of ald patients which is parieto - occipital initally and later also extends to frontal areas. mrt shows hyperintensities in the parieto - occipital white matter and in the spinal cord. the cerebrospinal fluid shows inflammation with pleocytosis, elevated protein content and intrathecal immunoglobulin production. as a consequence of demyelinisation, evoked potentials are slowed. skin biopsy shows macrophages with typical inclusions. the diagnosis of ald is established by the demonstration of elevated levels of vlcfa in plasma. care and treatment dietary restriction of vlcfa is not sufficient. lorenzo ’ s oil is used


biopsy shows macrophages with typical inclusions. the diagnosis of ald is established by the demonstration of elevated levels of vlcfa in plasma. care and treatment dietary restriction of vlcfa is not sufficient. lorenzo ’ s oil is used to increase the intake of unsaturated fatty acits in order to inhibit the generation of vlcfa. lorenzo ’ s oil, however, has no effect on demyelinisation and does not slow the progression of the disease. the combination of vlcfa - poor diet and lorenzo ’ s oil normalises vlcfa in some patients and slows the progression of symptoms. adverse effects include thrombopenia, lymphopenia, liver enzyme elevation, and reversible cardiomyopathy. immune supressive therapy and high - dose intravenous immunoglobuline treatment had only minor effects. recently bone marrow transplantation has been reported to improve neurological and neuropsychological symptoms if applied at the early stage of the disease. united leukodystrophy foundation, 2304 highland drive sycamore, illinois usa 60178 http : / / www. ulf. org / ald life, 209 high street, penge, london, se20 7pf, www. aldlife. org - p aubourg, s blache, i jambaque : reversal of early neurologic and neuroradiologic manifestations of x - linked adrenoleukodystrophy by bone marrow transplantation. n engl j med 322 : 1860 - 1866, 1990 - h. w. moser : adrenoleukodystrophy : phenotype, genetics, pathogenesis and therapy. brain 120 : 1485 - 1508, 1997 - h w moser, a e moser, i singh, b p o ’ neill : adrenoleukodystrophy : survey of 303 cases : biochemistry, diagnosis, and therapy. an neurol 16 : 628 - 641, 1984 - b m van geel, l bezman, d j loes, h w moser, g v raymond : evolution of phenotypes in adult male patients with x - linked adrenoleukodystrophy. ann neurol 49 : 186 - 194, 2001 - b m van geel, j assies, e b haverkort, j h koelman, b verbeeten, r j wanders, p g barth


q : not long ago, i saw a newspaper article about a “ red ” mass in some city. later i heard about people attending a “ blue ” mass. what are these? a : a “ red ” mass is a votive mass of the holy spirit, celebrated for judges, lawyers and other members of the legal profession, to ask god ’ s blessing upon their work. in washington, d. c., this mass is celebrated on the sunday before the u. s. supreme court begins its term on the first monday of this liturgical custom has more recently led to annual masses for at least two other occupational groups : “ blue ” masses for police officers and others engaged in public safety, as well as “ white ” or “ rose ” masses for doctors, nurses and other health - care professionals. according to the st. thomas more society, the first red mass was celebrated in 1245 at la sainte chapelle in paris. this custom spread to england in 1310. in some places, judges once wore or still wear red robes. the mass celebrant wears red in honor of the holy the first red mass in the united states was celebrated in new york city in 1928. the 2007 washington, d. c., mass at st. matthew cathedral was the 54th annual mass in that city. archbishop donald wuerl presided, and archbishop timothy dolan of milwaukee preached. six u. s. supreme court justices attended, including five who are catholic and stephen breyer, who is jewish. archbishop dolan began his homily by recalling the witness given in 2002 by a 24 - year - old woman at world youth day in canada. addicted to alcohol and other drugs, she was considering suicide. friends convinced her to attend a world youth day event where she heard pope john paul ii say that god loves each person, that every person is god ’ s work of art and known individually by god. “ i now want to live, ” she told a group in toronto. later in his homily archbishop dolan said, “ ideas have consequences, and perhaps a way to view our participation in this annual red mass in our nation ’ s capital is as our humble prayer for the red - hot fire of the holy spirit, bringing the jurists, legislators and executives of our government the wisdom to recognize that we are indeed made in god ’ s image.... ” the archbishop closed his homily by quoting from a prayer that bishop john carroll of baltimore wrote in 1789 : “ god, we pray for all judges


government the wisdom to recognize that we are indeed made in god ’ s image.... ” the archbishop closed his homily by quoting from a prayer that bishop john carroll of baltimore wrote in 1789 : “ god, we pray for all judges, magistrates and other officers who are appointed to guard our political welfare, that they may be enabled by thy protection to discharge the duties of their respective stations with honesty in recent years, red masses have seen increased ecumenical and interfaith participation. at last september ’ s red mass in atlanta, rabbi william rothschild proclaimed the first reading, from the book of haggai. “ it ’ s a wonderful way to recognize the serious, serious responsibility we carry out every day, ” said judge doris downs, chief judge of fulton county superior court. “ the judiciary does need the prayers. ” catholic standard, the newspaper of the archdiocese of washington, d. c., and the georgia bulletin, the newspaper of the archdiocese of atlanta, gave full coverage to their red masses, as did other diocesan papers regarding local masses for occupational groups. women and men distinguished for their public or community service are often honored at these masses. occupation - related masses remind us that faith touches all aspects of life. the feast of st. joseph the worker, celebrated on may 1, was introduced into the church ’ s worldwide liturgical calendar in 1956 to stress a similar theme : one ’ s work can be part of — and not an obstacle to — growing in holiness. ‘ no word and communion services q : i have a question that is driving me crazy. because of a shortage of priests, several parishes in my city no longer have daily mass. my parish has word and communion services twice a week. sometimes these are led by a deacon but other times by laypersons, including women. all the prayers for the mass are said, except the consecration prayers. i absolutely refuse to participate. am i being old - fashioned in not accepting this? a : i suspect that someone may not be accurately reporting what is happening there. the church ’ s congregation for divine worship approved a 1973 document entitled “ holy communion and worship of the eucharist outside mass. ” that instruction indicates who may lead these services ( priests, deacons, those designated to bring holy communion to the sick and those whom the local bishop may designate ) and what such a service includes ( an introductory rite, followed by one or more readings from scripture, the general intercessions, the our father and the rest of the communion that omits the offertory and the


whom the local bishop may designate ) and what such a service includes ( an introductory rite, followed by one or more readings from scripture, the general intercessions, the our father and the rest of the communion that omits the offertory and the eucharistic prayer, a sizable and key section of the mass. if your parish is not following that instruction, that is an abuse that should be reported to your local bishop. anyone doing so needs first to be sure of the facts. the national conference of catholic bishops ( now the u. s. conference of catholic bishops ) published a booklet in 1976 providing the text of this instruction and appropriate biblical the eucharist is the church ’ s celebration ; whoever leads the word and communion service that you have described is acting in the church ’ s name. by choosing not to participate, you are depriving yourself of a valuable opportunity to reverence the body and blood of jesus and receive help in your growth as a disciple of jesus. i would call such a decision not “ old - fashioned ” but rather “ shortsighted. ” i hope you will reconsider your decision — even as we work and pray to celebrate mass q : in a few months, my grandson, who is not catholic, and his fiancee will be married on a cruise ship. we fly into florida on a saturday and board the ship the next morning. it looks as though i won ’ t be able to attend mass that sunday, something that i always do. is it o. k. to miss under those circumstances? a : i see two possibilities in this situation. first, there might be a saturday evening mass at a church near where you are staying that night. if you go to www. masstimes. org, you can check out locations and possibilities. this web site also offers maps to the churches listed. second, the cruise line might already have arranged for a priest to celebrate mass on that ship. check with the cruise line beforehand or with the staff after you board. if neither of these possibilities exists in this situation, then you have done your best under the circumstances. q : i know that the months of may and october are dedicated to the blessed virgin mary, the month of june to the sacred heart of jesus and the month of july to the most precious blood of jesus. are there dedications for the other months? a : yes, there are. the catholic source book ( 2007 ) gives the following list : january ( holy childhood ), february ( holy family ), march ( st


the most precious blood of jesus. are there dedications for the other months? a : yes, there are. the catholic source book ( 2007 ) gives the following list : january ( holy childhood ), february ( holy family ), march ( st. joseph ), april ( holy spirit / holy eucharist ), may ( mary ), june ( sacred heart ), july ( precious blood ), august ( blessed sacrament ), september ( the seven sorrows of mary ), october ( holy rosary ), november ( souls in purgatory ) and december ( immaculate father stanley rother ( 1935 - 1981 ), a priest of the archdiocese of oklahoma city, was murdered at his rectory in santiago atitlan, guatemala. he is regarded by many people there and in the united states as a martyr. on october 5, 2007, the cause for his canonization was formally begun at holy trinity catholic church in okarche, oklahoma, where he was baptized. archbishop eusebius beltran has appointed deacon norman mejstrik as coordinator. father rother was the subject of our july 2006 cover story, which is posted at www. americancatholic. org. thomas rice, a patrician brother working at the franciscan mission in aitape, papua new guinea, seeks picture books for children ( ages five through eight ), novels for teens and writing supplies, as well as statues of mary and other saints. these can be sent to him at p. o. box 179, aitape 553, sandaun provice, papua new guinea. if you have a question for father pat, please submit it here. include your street address for personal replies enclosing a stamped, self - addressed envelope, please. some answer material must be mailed since it is not available in digital form. you can still send questions to : ask a franciscan, 28 w. liberty street, cincinnati, oh 45202.


the people of ireland have always had a pride and passion for their land and traditions. our new irish records help you meet these people — your ancestors — and learn more about the places and eras that shaped them. not sure about exact dates and locations? even a guess can help. in ireland, catholic parish registers are your best bet for finding early births, marriages and deaths, as most people rejected the anglican church of ireland. our collections let you pinpoint your ancestors in their home country before many of them fled during the great famine. ireland, catholic parish baptisms, catholic families are rarely small – see how many babies you can discover, and learn dates, places and parents ’ names. ireland, catholic parish deaths, 1756 – 1881 catholic burial registers are crucial, as the authorities were opposed to cremation. discover the deceased ’ s name, burial date and parish. ireland, catholic parish marriages and banns, 1742 – 1884 weddings attracted family members from far and wide – celebrate with them, and uncover partners ’ names, dates, places and witnesses. build a timeline of your ancestors ’ lives with these national lists of births, marriages and deaths. they cover the period of the destroyed censuses, so they can help you fill in frustrating gaps in your family tree. they include northern ireland up to 1922. ireland, civil registration births index, find your family ’ s new arrivals – together with their mothers ’ names – in more than 10 million birth records. ireland, civil registration deaths index, discover where and when your ancestors died – and how old they were when they passed away – with more than 7 million death records. ireland, civil registration marriages non - catholic marriages were recorded from 1845. you ’ ll start finding catholics among these 5 million records from 1864. plus ireland, births and baptisms, go back further and find your family among more than 5 million births, collated from church, civil, family and other records. learn more about this rich land and those who called it home.


scanned text contains errors. feet long, and 11 feet 4 inches high. the cclla, or temple proper, is 194 feet long, and 69 | feet wide, with six columns at each ( 3 ) * a metope from south of the parthenon. ( british museum ) end, 33 feet in height. opposite the outermost columns at each end are antw, formed by the prolongation of the side walls of the kella ( sie plan of acropolis ). along the tup of the outer wall of the cello, ran a continuous frieze, 524 feet in length, with representations of the panathenaic procession goddess, wrought in gold and ivory, the masterpiece of phidias ( cp. athene, neat the end ). the western chamber of tht cella was fronted by a portico, and was called by the special name of the parthi - non. [ within this smaller chamber were kept vessels for use in the sacred processions, with various small articles of gold or silver. modern writers have hitherto generally identified this small chamber with the spisthodomos ( lit. back - chamber ), which was used as the treasury, or state bank, of athens ; but it is held by dorpfeld that this term should be confined to the corresponding chamber of the early temple south of the ereehtheum. ] in the middle ages the temple was converted into a church, dedicated to the virgin mary, and then into a mosque, and remained in good preservation till 1687. in that year, during the siege of athens by the venetians, the building was blown up by the explosion of a powder magazine that the turks had stored in it, and, with the exception of the two pediments, was almost completely destroyed. most of the sculptures preserved from the pediments and metopes, and from the frieze of the temple chamber, are now among the elgin marbles in the british museum. ( 4 ) from the north frieze op the parthenon. ( british museum ; slabs xxxv, xxxvi. ) carved in very low relief ( fig. 2, f, and figs. 4 and 5 ). at the east end of the cella, the pronaos, or portico, leads into the eastern chamber, which was 100 greek feet in length, and was therefore called the hecd - tompedos. it was divided longitudinally into three parts by two rows of


nursing challenge 1 the kidneys are a pair of bean - shaped organs that lie on either side of the spine in the lower middle of the back. each kidney weighs about ¼ pound and contains approximately one million filtering units called nephrons. each nephron is made of a glomerulus and a tubule. the glomerulus is a miniature filtering or sieving device while the tubule is a tiny tube like structure attached to the glomerulus. http : / / www. emedicinehealth. com / chronic _ kidney _ disease / article _ em. htm the kidneys are connected to the urinary bladder by tubes called ureters. urine is stored in the urinary bladder until the bladder is emptied by urinating. the bladder is connected to the outside of the body by another tube like structure called the urethra. the main function of the kidneys is to remove waste products and excess water from the blood. the kidneys process about 200 liters of blood every day and produce about two liters of urine. the waste products are generated from normal metabolic processes including the breakdown of active tissues, ingested foods, and other substances. the kidneys allow consumption of a variety of foods, drugs, vitamins and supplements, additives, and excess fluids without worry that toxic by - products will build up to harmful levels. the kidney also plays a major role in regulating levels of various minerals such as calcium, sodium, and potassium in the blood. http : / / www. emedicinehealth. com / chronic _ kidney _ disease / article _ em. htm nursing challenge 2 with loss of kidney function, there is an accumulation of water ; waste ; and toxic substances, in the body, that are normally excreted by the kidney. loss of kidney function also causes other problems such as anemia, high blood pressure, acidosis ( excessive acidity of body fluids ), disorders of cholesterol and fatty acids, and bone disease. stage 5 chronic kidney disease is also referred to as kidney failure, end - stage kidney disease, or end - stage renal disease,...


the occupational therapy role in driving and community mobility across the lifespan community mobility is defined as " moving around in the community and using public or private transportation, such as driving, walking, bicycling, or accessing and riding in buses, taxi cabs, or other transportation systems " ( aota, 2008, p. 631 ). community mobility is grounded in independence, spontaneity, and identity. it begins when we are passengers in a car seat and on the school bus, and continues as we learn to ride a bike and drive a car. although the mode of transportation may change, the meaning remains constant : transport from one location to another enables participation in the things we want and need to do ( occupations ). because occupational therapy practitioners focus on enabling participation, they are natural professionals to address driving and community mobility across the lifespan. occupational therapy evaluations for community mobility may focus on screening for passenger safety, school system capacity to transport general and special education students, readiness and ability to ride a bicycle, ability to cross the street and negotiate curbs and sidewalks, visual motor skills for reading signs, driving readiness among adolescents, driving ability and safety, ability to use transportation other than a private vehicle, and driver – vehicle fit. interventions may include creating transportation alternatives and networks of community resources, restoring range of motion or strength, providing cognitive retraining, modifying vehicles with adaptive equipment, developing walking programs to improve health and function, and training in public transportation options. infants and children infants, toddlers, and children rely on caregivers to transport and secure them safely. occupational therapy interventions address emerging mobility needs of children that have an impact on safe participation in the community. occupational therapy considerations for this population include appropriate use of car seats and booster seats, children with disabilities who have special securing needs, parents with disabilities who need assistance, bicycling education ( e. g., helmet use ), and safety tips for transport by school bus. adolescents and young adults students with an autism spectrum disorder, nonverbal learning disability, cognitive impairments, spina bifida, cerebral palsy, and other disabilities need to address driving while still in high school. transportation affects a student ' s access to employment, housing, social, educational, and recreational opportunities. occupational therapy can contribute to an adolescent ' s potential to drive by addressing predriving skills that promote independence, such as coordination and quick use of the extremities, crossing streets, managing social interactions, managing time, managing money, handling an emergency,


can contribute to an adolescent ' s potential to drive by addressing predriving skills that promote independence, such as coordination and quick use of the extremities, crossing streets, managing social interactions, managing time, managing money, handling an emergency, and self - care when alone. managing impulse control, reducing stress, and regulating sensory input are essential for all adolescents, regardless of disability. additional community mobility skills addressed by occupational therapy with this population include reading maps or using a gps, obtaining a first driver ' s license, and using public transportation. seniors are often living with medical conditions that may affect driving safety. to address the goal of " driving safer longer, " occupational therapy practitioners offer evaluation, education, strategies, and identification of appropriate mobility options where needed. practitioners can also offer strategies and resources for caregivers transporting adults with special needs ( e. g., dementia - friendly transportation ), as well as caregiver training and specialized intervention for ensuring cessation when necessary, while addressing the person ' s need for continued mobility. other occupational therapy considerations for this population include education and training in using public transit with a disability, driver – vehicle fit issues, functional decline that necessitates adaptations, and maintaining social connections if driving is no longer an option. where are driving and community mobility services provided? the skills needed for driving and community mobility ( e. g., cognition, strength, stamina, flexibility, etc. ) are often needed for other functional activities, and they are evaluated as part of an occupational therapy session. occupational therapy practitioners are also essential members of carfit events ( www. car - fit. org ) during which they ensure that people ' s vehicles are properly adjusted for the best fit and safety. occupational therapy practitioners who are driving rehabilitation specialists provide comprehensive driving evaluation, adaptation, education, and training addressing the goals of learning, resuming, or seeking assurance about the ability to drive safely. for those who need to retire from driving, occupational therapy practitioners identify appropriate alternatives, prioritizing continued participation in the community. for most americans, driving and community mobility are essential for employment, independence, and social and leisure activities. occupational therapy practitioners are skilled at evaluating a person ' s ability and potential to drive, providing education and adaptations to allow driving, and providing comprehensive resources and training if driving is not an option and other forms of community mobility need to be explored. for more information go to the driver safety section of aota ' s web site at www. aota. org / older - driver. american


washington, d. c., april 27, 2005 - as a national supporter of cover the uninsured week, the american public health association ( apha ) today expressed alarm that 45 million americans - - 15. 6 percent of the total u. s. population - - lack insurance coverage of any kind for an entire year. eight out of 10 uninsured americans either work or are in working families, according to federal data. " in the wealthiest industrialized nation, 45 million americans have no health insurance, including more than 8 million children, " said georges c. benjamin, md, facp, executive director of the american public health association. " this staggering statistic endangers the health of millions across the spectrum of society. solving this crisis should be a top priority for our elected leaders, and we ' re committed to working toward comprehensive health care coverage for all americans. access to care is a right, not a privilege, to which every person is entitled. " people without health insurance do not receive routine preventive health services, receive too little medical care too late, are sicker and die sooner and receive poorer care when they are hospitalized. also, when seeking care, they are often sicker and therefore more expensive to treat. frequently, uninsured americans seek care at the nearest hospital emergency room, which is an expensive and inefficient way to get care. to address the growing crisis of the uninsured, apha issued 14 points on universal health care. included among these points is a call for the following : - universal coverage for everyone in the united states with comprehensive benefits, affordable prices and quality services ; - organization and administration of health care through publicly accountable mechanisms to assure maximum responsiveness to public needs, with a major role for federal, state and local government health agencies ; and - attention to the organization, staffing, delivery and payment of care to the needs of all populations, including those confronting geographic, physical, cultural, language and other non - financial barriers to service. more information about cover the uninsured week is available at www. covertheuninsuredweek. com.


the most visited archaeological site of mexico, teotihuacan, was opened to public 100 years ago, in september 13th 1910, after exploration, excavation, restoration and conservation work conducted by archaeologist leopoldo batres from 1905 to 1910. since then, the prehispanic city has undergone continue research conducted by batres, manuel gamio, sigvald linne, alfonso caso, pedro armillas, eduardo nogera, ignacio bernal, jorge acosta, ruben cabrera, eduardo matos, guadalupe mastache, juan vidarte and laurette sejourne, among others. explorations have lead to the recent finding at la ciudadela of a tunnel more than 1, 800 years old, project in charge of inah archaeologist sergio gomez. to commemorate the first century of scientific investigations at the site part of the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization ( unesco ) list of world cultural heritage since 1987, the national institute of anthropology and history ( inah ) has organized academic activities that will begin in september 23rd when a commemorative plaque will be unveiled. conferences will take place in september 23rd and 30th, as well as in october 7th, with the participation of remarkable archaeologists that have developed research at teotihuacan, as eduardo lopez moctezuma, ruben cabrera, alejandro villalobos, linda manzanilla and arturo menchaca, among others, who will create a historical panorama of the most relevant archaeological findings registered in the last 100 years. in september 23rd 2010 the exhibition museo de sitio, 100 anos de historia ( site museum, 100 years of history ) will be opened, gathering 32 historical photographs from the inah national photo library, the national library of anthropology and history and the national newspaper library of mexico. the exhibition is to be opened until november 2010 at the site museum. celebrations include talks and visits designed for youngsters and children from communities near the prehispanic city. from september to december 2010, authorities of the archaeological site will guide groups of students from nearby primary schools, to invite them to know and value their cultural heritage. the exhibition tras la huella de tlaloc ( following the imprints of tlaloc ), organized by inah and unam ( national university of mexico ) is also part of the commemorations and will be open from november 2010 to may 2011. the fundamental features of tlaloc were found in teotihuacan at first, and this will be the first multimedia exhibition displayed at the archaeological zone.


significance and use it has long been the practice to include in fuel specifications a requirement that the fuel be clear and bright and free of visible particulate matter ( see note 1 ). however, there has been no standard method for making this determination so that practices have differed. this test method provides standard procedures for the test. note 1 — clean and bright is sometimes used in place of clear and bright. the meaning is identical. procedure 1 provides a rapid pass / fail method for contamination in a distillate fuel. procedure 2 provides a gross numerical rating of haze appearance, primarily as a communication tool. other test methods, including test methods d 1744, d 2276, d 2709, and d 4860, permit quantitative determinations of contaminants. no relationship has been established between procedure 2 and various quantitative methods. limited laboratory evaluations of samples that have failed this clear and bright test indicate that an experienced tester can detect as little as 40 ppm of free water in the fuel. 1. 1 this test method covers two procedures for estimating the presence of suspended free water and solid particulate contamination in distillate fuels having distillation end points below 400°c and an astm color of 5 or less. 1. 1. 1 both procedures can be used as field tests at storage temperatures, or as laboratory tests at controlled temperatures. 1. 1. 2 procedure 1 provides a rapid pass / fail method for contamination. procedure 2 provides a gross numerical rating of haze appearance. 1. 2 the values stated in si units are to be regarded as standard. no other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1. 3 this standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. it is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. referenced documents ( purchase separately ) the documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. d1500 test method for astm color of petroleum products ( astm color scale ) d1744 test method for determination of water in liquid petroleum products by karl fischer reagent d2276 test method for particulate contaminant in aviation fuel by line sampling d2709 test method for water and sediment in middle distillate fuels by centrifuge d4057 practice for manual sampling of petroleum and petroleum products d4860 test method for free


heliocentricity, besides being proven false by experience and multiple experiments, is full of the most fantastical improbabilities and theoretical leaps that most people are willing to make simply because the pseudo - scientific establishment told them so. here are some questions and answers to help clear up the geocentric vs. heliocentric world - views : why does the earth seem motionless? gc : because it is motionless. hc : it only seems motionless because it ' s spinning at a perfectly uniform speed with no acceleration or deceleration ever and the atmosphere is magically velcroed to it. actually the earth is spinning on it ' s axis at 1, 000 mph, rotating around the sun at 67, 000 mph, which is orbiting the milky way at 500, 000 mph and shooting through the known universe at 67, 000, 000 mph. we don ' t feel even the slightest bit of this motion because all the centrifugal, gravitational, and inertial forces somehow perfectly cancel out. " most people who accept that the earth is in motion believe it is a proven fact. they do not realize that not only has the motion of the earth never been proven, but by the constructs of modern physics and cosmology cannot be proven. again, even modern cosmology does not claim to be able to prove that the earth is in motion. in fact the very best argument for earth ’ s motion is based on pure ‘ modesty ’ not logic, observation and experience. if anyone could prove the earth ’ s motion, that someone would become more famous than einstein, hawking and others. they may all be fools but even they would not make such an ignorant claim to proof of earth ’ s motions, and those who do so don ’ t realize just how ignorant of physics they really are! before folks go demonstrating how ignorant they are, they should consider : 1. the relationship between mach ’ s principle and relativity. 2. the relationship between gravity and inertia, and gravity and acceleration ( and the paradoxes that exist ). 3. relativity does not claim to prove earth ’ s motions, in fact it ‘ dictates ’ the ridiculous idea that motion cannot be proven period. 4. relativity proposes motion, it does not nor can it claim to disprove that the earth is the center of the universe! 5. only those who are ignorant of physics attempt to make arguments based on weather patterns, ballistic trajectories, geosynchronous satellites, and foucault ’


disprove that the earth is the center of the universe! 5. only those who are ignorant of physics attempt to make arguments based on weather patterns, ballistic trajectories, geosynchronous satellites, and foucault ’ s pendulums for evidence of earth ’ s motions! for all those ‘ geniuses ’ out there, not even einstein would claim such stupidity. " - allen daves why do the sun and moon appear to be the same size? gc : because they are the same size. hc : they only appear to be the same size because of an incredibly perfect parallax perspective from earth. actually the sun is 1. 392x10 ^ 6 km in diameter and 1. 496x10 ^ 8 km from earth. the moon is 3474 km in diameter and 384, 403 km from the earth. and these just happen to be the exact diameters and distances necessary for a viewer from earth to falsely perceive them as being the same size. why do the sun, moon, and stars all appear to revolve around a stationary earth? gc : because they do. hc : the moon does revolve around the earth, but the earth actually revolves around the sun, and all the stars only seem to revolve around the earth because the earth itself is spinning beneath your feet! " whilst we sit drinking our cup of tea or coffee the world is supposedly rotating at 1, 039 mph at the equator, whizzing around the sun at 66, 500 mph, hurtling towards lyra at 20, 000 mph, revolving around the centre of the ' milky way ' at 500, 000 mph and merrily moving at god knows what velocity as a consequence of the ' big bong. ' and not even a hint of a ripple on the surface of our tea, yet tap the table lightly with your finger and...! " - neville t. jones " if the government or nasa had said to you that the earth is stationary, imagine that. and then imagine we are trying to convince people that ' no, no it ' s not stationary, it ' s moving forward at 32 times rifle bullet speed and spinning at 1, 000 miles per hour. ' we would be laughed at! we would have so many people telling us ' you are crazy, the earth is not moving! ' we would be ridiculed for having no scientific backing for this convoluted moving earth theory. and not only that but then people would say,


would have so many people telling us ' you are crazy, the earth is not moving! ' we would be ridiculed for having no scientific backing for this convoluted moving earth theory. and not only that but then people would say, ' oh then how do you explain a fixed, calm atmosphere and the sun ' s observable movement, how do you explain that? ' imagine saying to people, ' no, no, the atmosphere is moving also but is somehow magically velcroed to the moving - earth. the reason is not simply because the earth is stationary. ' so what we are actually doing is what makes sense. we are saying that the moving - earth theory is nonsense. the stationary - earth theory makes sense and we are being ridiculed. you ' ve got to picture it being the other way around to realize just how ridiculous this situation is. this theory from the government and nasa that the earth is rotating and orbiting and leaning over and wobbling is absolute nonsense and yet people are clinging to it, tightly, like a teddy bear. they just can ' t bring themselves to face the possibility that the earth is stationary though all the evidence shows it : we feel no movement, the atmosphere hasn ' t been blown away, we see the sun move from east - to - west, everything can be explained by a motionless earth without bringing in all these assumptions to cover up previous assumptions gone bad. " - allen daves why do we never see the rotation of the moon? gc : because it doesn ' t rotate. hc : both the moon and the earth are actually rotating but they are doing so in such a way that from our perspective it seems that neither are. the earth is spinning east to west at 1, 000 mph while orbiting the sun at 67, 000 mph. the moon is spinning west to east at 10. 3 mph while orbiting the earth at 2, 288 mph. these motions / speeds perfectly cancel out so that the moon always only shows us one side. " they want you to believe that the moon ' s rotation is perfectly synchronized with its orbit so that ' s why we only ever see one side of the moon, rather than conclude the obvious - that the moon is simply not rotating. moreover, they had to slow down the moon ' s speed by 58, 870 mph and reverse its direction to west - east to successfully sell their phony heliocentricity system to a gullible public. i don ' t think there is one person in many, many thousands -


moon ' s speed by 58, 870 mph and reverse its direction to west - east to successfully sell their phony heliocentricity system to a gullible public. i don ' t think there is one person in many, many thousands - regardless of education - who knows that the copernican model had to turn the moon ' s observable direction around and give it a new speed to accommodate the phases and eclipses. " - marshall hall “ the moon presented a special math problem for the construction of the heliocentricity model. the only way to make the moon fit in with the other assumptions was to reverse its direction from that of what everyone who has ever lived has seen it go. the math model couldn ’ t just stop the moon like it did the sun, that wouldn ’ t work. and it couldn ’ t let it continue to go east to west as we see it go, either at the same speed or at a different speed. the only option was to reverse its observed east to west direction and change its speed from about 64, 000 miles an hour to about 2, 200 miles an hour. this reversal along with the change in speed were unavoidable assumptions that needed to be adopted if the model was to have a chance of mimicking reality. " - bernard brauer why do the stars appear to be fixed along a celestial sphere? gc : because they are. hc : the stars only appear to be fixed along a celestial sphere because they are so incredibly far away. even after hundreds of millions of miles of our ( supposed ) orbit around the sun, the stars appear in the exact same positions at the exact same meridian times because they are many " light - years " away. a light - year is approximately 6 trillion miles away and that is why they falsely seem fixed from our faulty perspective. " take two carefully - bored metallic tubes, not less than six feet in length, and place them one yard asunder, on the opposite sides of a wooden frame, or a solid block of wood or stone : so adjust them that their centres or axes of vision shall be perfectly parallel to each other. now, direct them to the plane of some notable fixed star, a few seconds previous to its meridian time. let an observer be stationed at each tube and the moment the star appears in the first tube let a loud knock or other signal be given, to be repeated by the observer at the second tube when he first sees the same star. a distinct period of time will elapse between the


tube and the moment the star appears in the first tube let a loud knock or other signal be given, to be repeated by the observer at the second tube when he first sees the same star. a distinct period of time will elapse between the signals given. the signals will follow each other in very rapid succession, but still, the time between is sufficient to show that the same star is not visible at the same moment by two parallel lines of sight when only one yard asunder. a slight inclination of the second tube towards the first tube would be required for the star to be seen through both tubes at the same instant. let the tubes remain in their position for six months ; at the end of which time the same observation or experiment will produce the same results - - the star will be visible at the same meridian time, without the slightest alteration being required in the direction of the tubes : from which it is concluded that if the earth had moved one single yard in an orbit through space, there would at least be observed the slight inclination of the tube which the difference in position of one yard had previously required. but as no such difference in the direction of the tube is required, the conclusion is unavoidable, that in six months a given meridian upon the earth ' s surface does not move a single yard, and therefore, that the earth has not the slightest degree of orbital motion. " - samuel rowbotham, " zetetic astronomy " why can ' t i simply hover in a helicopter and wait for the earth ' s rotation to bring my destination to me? gc : because the earth doesn ' t rotate. hc : because the earth ' s atmosphere is magically velcroed to the earth and rotates along with it. if the atmosphere is magically velcroed to the earth and constantly rotates from west to east along with it, 1 ) how is it that clouds, wind and weather patterns often travel in opposing directions simultaneously? 2 ) why don ' t east to west traveling planes or projectiles encounter increased resistance? 3 ) why can i feel the slightest westward breeze but not the earth ' s supposed 1, 000 mph eastward spin? 4 ) if gravitational force is so great to pull the atmosphere together with the earth then how come little birds and bugs are able to fly? gc : all these questions are moot and irrelevant in the geocentric view. hc : all of these questions are difficult and my pseudo - scientific heliocentric answers will be implausible and like grasping at


and bugs are able to fly? gc : all these questions are moot and irrelevant in the geocentric view. hc : all of these questions are difficult and my pseudo - scientific heliocentric answers will be implausible and like grasping at straws. " if the atmosphere rushes forward from west to east continually, we are again obliged to conclude that whatever floats or is suspended in it, at any altitude, must of necessity partake of its eastward motion. a piece of cork, or any other body floating in still water, will be motionless, but let the water be put in motion, in any direction whatever, and the floating bodies will move with it, in the same direction and with the same velocity. let the experiment be tried in every possible way, and these results will invariable follow. hence if the earth ' s atmosphere is in constant motion from west to east, all the different strata which are known to exist in it, and all the various kinds of clouds and vapours which float in it must of mechanical necessity move rapidly eastwards. but what is the fact? if we fix upon any star as a standard or datum outside the visible atmosphere, we may sometimes observe a stratum of clouds going for hours together in a direction the very opposite to that in which the earth is supposed to be moving. not only may a stratum of clouds be seen moving rapidly from east to west, but at the same moment other strata may often be seen moving from north to south, and from south to north. it is a fact well known to aeronauts, that several strata of atmospheric air are often moving in as many different directions at the same time... on almost any moonlight and cloudy night, different strata may be seen not only moving in different directions but, at the same time, moving with different velocities ; some floating past the face of the moon rapidly and uniformly, and others passing gently along, sometimes becoming stationary, then starting fitfully into motion, and often standing still for minutes together. some of those who have ascended in balloons for scientific purposes have recorded that as they have rapidly passed through the atmosphere, they have gone though strata differing in temperature, in density, and in hygrometric, magnetic, electric, and other conditions. these changes have been noticed both in ascending and descending, and in going for miles together at the same altitude. " - samuel rowbotham, " zetetic astronomy " how do heliocentricist ' s account for the alla


other conditions. these changes have been noticed both in ascending and descending, and in going for miles together at the same altitude. " - samuel rowbotham, " zetetic astronomy " how do heliocentricist ' s account for the allais effect, and the results of michelson - morley, michelson - gale, airy ' s failure, sagnac and kantors experiments proving the aether and a fixed earth? gc : yeah, good question. " i don ’ t argue or enter into debates, because the issue here is exactly what you would bring to the debate, which is the wealth of erroneous information that allowed our situation to become as dire as it is in the first place. your argument would consist of phony statistics, historical fables, the newspaper ’ s latest lies, and profit - driven ' science. ' my argument is simple. discover who controls everything you ’ ve been told, only believe what you can verify for yourself through original documentation, science and logic, and then look for a political connection between the sources of all the erroneous information. find the motives behind the lies. if you did that, there would be no debate, and we would all agree on whose head should roll, as the saying goes. " - jolly roger


say it with feeling!! rationale : “ fluency means reading faster, smoother, more expressively, or more quietly with the goal of reading silently. fluent reading approaches the speed of speech. ” ( murray ) at this development stage, fluency is a major goal of the student and the teacher. this lesson is aimed to teach and emphasize one aspect of fluency : expression. reading with expression brings a story, and its characters, to life, making reading more enjoyable for everyone. the teacher will read a story, showing great expression, to model for children. materials : copy of tiki tiki tembo, various classroom library books, notebook paper, pencils 1. review with students the difference that punctuation makes make at the end of a sentence. read the following sentences twice through. the first time, pay no attention to the punctuation marks at the end of the sentence. the second time, use the correct inflection in your voice, depending on the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence. “ jimmy went running., jimmy went running?, jimmy went running!. can anyone tell me the differences in those sentences? ” hopefully children will answer that the first was a statement, the second was a question, and the third was an exclamation. 2. “ what a wonderful day we have!!! ” after you have excited the kids with that exclamation, the teacher says ‘ “ now that was loud and full of excitement wasn ’ t it? that was happy expression. when we talk or read with expression, we change the tone of our voice ( happy to sad ), the vloume of our voice ( loud to soft ), and use our faces to show the feeling of the book. different feelings have different sounds and facil looks. ” 3. “ can someone tell me why we should use expression when we read? students will offer their own explanations. “ great! we use expression to make the story more interesting and fun to read!!! ” 4. “ what would my voice sound like if i were scared? ” children raise their hands and answer, using facial expressions and vocal tones. “ what about if i were angry? would i yell or whisper? ” children will answer correctly to the question. 5. now, gather the children around your reading center and read ‘ “ tiki tiki tembo ’ ”. make sure to overexaggerate your expressions. ( vocal tone, facial expressions, and volume )


answer correctly to the question. 5. now, gather the children around your reading center and read ‘ “ tiki tiki tembo ’ ”. make sure to overexaggerate your expressions. ( vocal tone, facial expressions, and volume ) when done reading, ask children what emotions you were trying to convey at different parts of the story. have a mini group discussion. 6. pair children up and have them select a book from the classroom library to read. set a timer for 5 - 8 minutes and let each child read to their partner. “ rememeber to read to your reading buddy with lots of expression! make your reading buddy feel like they are in the story. ” teacher circulates with rubric and evaluates each child as they read. now have the kids switch roles. reading buddy becomes reader and reader becomes reading buddy. 7. after the children are done with the reading, have each child individually write three sentences about their book that end with various punctuation marks. “ okay class, now that we have learned to read with expression, i want us to write with expression. take out paper and a pencil. write three sentences about the story you just read. one should be a statement and end with a period. one should be a question and end with a question mark. one should be an exclamation and end with an exclamation point. ” have each child come to your desk or reading table and have them read, with expression, their original sentences. this will assess their grasp of punctuation and also the concept of expression : how to write it and convey it to the reader. you also have the checklist rubric that you evaluated their oral reading on. www. auburn. edu / rdggenie the reading genie website click here to return to openings


what is bankruptcy? bankruptcy in the united states seeks to benefit both debtors and creditors by seeing that debtors get relief from debts they can ' t pay, and that creditors get paid from whatever assets the debtor does not need to live going forward. bankruptcy is governed by the federal law found in title 11 of the united states code. as federal law, it supercedes any conflicting state law by reason of the supremacy clause of the constitution. with the exception of exemptions, it is the same from state to state. what types of bankruptcy are there? there are four kinds of bankruptcy proceedings. they are referred to by the chapter of the federal bankruptcy code that describes them. chapter 7 - the atom - bomb bankruptcy ( most common but not always the best ) chapter 13 - repayment plan chapter 11 - business bankruptcy or over - limits for chapter 13 ( most expensive ) - most large companies reorganize under chapter 11 chapter 12 - farmers bankruptcy is a simplified reorganization for family farmers, modeled after chapter 13, where the debtor retains his property and pays creditors out of future income. chapter 7 - the atom bomb chapter 7 is the most common form of bankruptcy. it is a liquidation proceeding in which the debtor ' s non - exempt assets, if any, are sold by the chapter 7 trustee and the proceeds distributed to creditors according to the priorities among creditors established in the code. chapter 7 is available to individuals, married couples, corporations and partnerships. individual debtors typically get a discharge within 4 - 6 months of filing the case. if there are assets which are not exempt, the trustee takes control of those assets, sells them and pays creditors as much as the proceeds permit. any wages the debtor earns after the case is begun are the debtor ' s ; the creditors have no claim on those earnings. chapter 11 - business or over - limit individual payment plan reorganization chapter 11 is a reorganization proceeding, typically for corporations or partnerships. individuals, especially those whose debts exceed the limits of chapter 13, may file chapter 11. in chapter 11, the debtor usually remains in possession of his assets and continues to operate any business, subject to the oversight of the court and the creditors committee. the debtor proposes a plan of reorganization which, upon acceptance by a majority of the creditors, is confirmed by the court and binds both the debtor and the creditors to its terms of repayment. plans can call for repayment out of future profits, sales of some or all of the assets, or a merger or recapitalization


week 69 brain booster in these imitation trials, the programming toddlers watched was simple — the dowel - hitting adults moved slowly and deliberately, a far cry from most of today ' s noisy, fast - moving kids shows that are packed with flashy, high - speed animation. but even these seemingly boring actions inspired the young toddlers to act out what they saw once they got their hands on similar materials. that ' s why parents need to be reminded that from age 14 months, tv is a powerful influence. your guilty - indulgence soap operas, those programs on the cartoons - for - grownups channel, the nightly news — all of it can, incredibly, become fodder for imitation for your toddler if it ' s on. ( and if you ' re watching it, a program seems even more enticing to your little one — remember, babies as young as 50 weeks look to you to determine where they should focus their attention. and you also know that by week 58, mimicry is in full swing. ) bottom line? if tv or other on - screen entertainment is part of your child ' s environment, keep it on sparingly, view it together, and make sure what he or she watches is positive and proactive, not negative or violent. coming soon, look forward to : week 70 : sorting objects into categories ( all by herself! ) review the most recent accomplishments : week 68 : why experimenting leads to learning curious about how else your toddler might be developing right now? learn more about her clever brain and her growing body here :


rubbermaid® reduces environmental impact with dishwasher - safe reusable bottles reusable water bottles that require hand washing have a higher environmental impact than those that are dishwasher safe, according to an independently third - party reviewed lifecycle assessment study ( lca ) sponsored by rubbermaid® and conducted by environmental resources management. the household washing of reusable water bottles represents the largest component of a bottle ’ s environmental impact because the energy needed for a residential water heater is much higher than the electricity consumption for a dishwasher when washing the same amount of place settings. as plastic and stainless steel bottles are recommended to be dishwasher safe, they were found to have significantly lower environmental impact across a wide range of categories when compared to aluminum bottles. “ at rubbermaid, our goal is to make products that fit consumers ’ lifestyles and we take into consideration how consumers will use our products, ” said dave zak, director of research & development at rubbermaid. “ this study validated our strategy of making only dishwasher - safe bottles. in addition to being more convenient for consumers, they also create significantly less environmental impact in the long run. ” the lca examined the four most widely - available water bottle materials in the u. s. and canada — aluminum, stainless steel and two forms of plastic ( tritantm co - polyester and polypropylene, which are used by rubbermaid and other plastic bottle makers ). the study assessed the products from cradle to grave ( from manufacturing to disposal ) including the effects associated with the extraction of raw materials, bottle manufacturing and packaging, distribution to retail locations, use of the water bottle and disposal. conclusions from the study stemmed from an assessment of 10 environmental impacts, including global warming, non - renewable energy, mineral extraction and carcinogens. one of the most critical differentiators between water bottle types, with regard to environmental impact, was the method of washing. manufacturers of aluminum bottles recommend hand washing, and manufacturers of steel bottles recommend hand and dishwashing, while rubbermaid recommends putting its plastic bottles, which are bpa - free, in the dishwasher. “ we are committed to continuing this kind of work, ” said zak, “ so we can ensure our products create the minimum environmental impact possible, while at the same time continuing our legacy of quality and innovation. ” [ via pr newswire ]


mean distance from sun : ( 1, 784, 860, 000 miles ) 2, 872, 460, 000 km orbital period ( year ) : 30, 685 earth days ( just over 84 earth years ) rotation period ( day ) : 17 hours 14 minutes - but the atmosphere rotates faster diameter at equator : ( 31, 763 miles ) 51, 118 km tilt of axis : 98 degrees uranus ( pronounced your - uh - nuss ) is nearly twenty times as far from the sun as earth is. it takes over 84 years to go once around the sun. that is a long year. you wouldn ' t have very many birthday parties there even if you lived to be quite old. uranus was the first planet discovered with a telescope. william herschel discovered uranus in 1781. until then people thought that there were no more planets after saturn. yet in good conditions, if you know where to look, you can see uranus without a telescope or binoculars. this makes it the farthest planet visible with the unaided eye. uranus was almost named george. herschel wanted to name his planet after the king of england george iii, who was supporting him in his work. the latin name georgium sidus meant george ' s star, but other astronomers didn ' t much like this idea. german astronomer johann bode suggested uranus, roman sky god and father of saturn, which was acceptable. uranus is an ice giant. uranus is a giant planet. it ' s almost a twin of neptune, but they ' re both smaller than jupiter and saturn. in addition, jupiter and saturn are almost all hydrogen and helium, the two lightest elements in the universe. however uranus is made up mostly of ices - frozen water, ammonia and methane. these are made of heavier elements, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen. uranus is a blue - green color. its atmosphere is 83 % hydrogen and 15 % helium, but it also contains methane. methane crystals in the atmosphere soak up red light and reflect blue light, giving uranus its color. uranus has rings. saturn has the prettiest rings in the solar system, but uranus does have at least thirteen rings. they ' re difficult to see because uranus is far away and the rings are thin and very dark. uranus has 27 known moons. many solar system bodies have names from classical mythology. unusually, the moons of uranus are named after characters from english literature, mainly shakespeare. for example, one of the


and the rings are thin and very dark. uranus has 27 known moons. many solar system bodies have names from classical mythology. unusually, the moons of uranus are named after characters from english literature, mainly shakespeare. for example, one of the moons is named juliet, but there is no romeo to keep her company. the fastest winds on uranus blow at about 450 miles per hour ( 720 kilometers per hour ). that is three times the speed of typical hurricanes on earth and much faster than the strongest tornado ever measured on our planet. most of what we know about uranus comes from a space probe. uranus was something of a mystery until voyager 2 visited it in 1986. more recently, powerful telescopes help us to study uranus, but still most of what we know is from voyager ' s visit. the axis of uranus is tilted by 89 degrees. this means that uranus has seasons nothing like the ones we are used to. earth is tilted by 23 degrees on its axis which gives us four seasons as earth orbits the sun. for example, when your hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, you have summer and people living in the opposite hemisphere have winter. but uranus is tilted so much, it orbits lying on its side. if earth were like this, each hemisphere would have three months of summer where it didn ' t get dark at all. there would also be three months of winter without seeing the sun. in spring and fall everyone would have days of about the same length. if this sounds strange, just think of uranus itself where the seasons are twenty years long!


no, i ' m not that crazy. debian per definition is not a complete os. debian rather means and provides the management tools and programs / software necessary to administer and use a system i. e. it ' s not a full os, but one part of it. to make up a full os, a kernel is necessary, and debian primarily uses the linux kernel, hence why the most common flavour of debian is indeed debian gnu / linux. but there are also some non - linux ports of debian, i. e. ports of the tools and utilities that it consists of and uses to manage the system, to other kernels, freebsd ' s being one of them. other non - linux debian ports use the hurd, netbsd or opensolaris kernel. from debian gnu / kfreebsd ' s page : debian gnu / kfreebsd is a port that consists of gnu userland using the gnu c library on top of freebsd ' s kernel, coupled with the regular debian package set. ( gnu userland = important unix commands and libraries to perform basic operations. ) an analogy would be if i decide to build my own car, i can build the chassis, the steering wheel, the brakes, etc. i. e. almost everything but in the end, i ' ll still need an engine because without one, the car will still be pretty much worthless and the other way round, it ' s the same a€ “ what should i do with an engine, but without a car to put it into? so, i may decide to use an engine built by, say, bmw or another one built by mercedes. the car will still look and drive roughly the same, but it ' ll have another engine in it and i may have to assimilate some of the parts to be compatible with the other engine.


debridement is the removal of unhealthy tissue from a wound to promote healing. it can be done by surgical, chemical, mechanical, or autolytic ( using your body ' s own processes ) removal of the tissue. surgical debridement of lower leg wound copyright © nucleus medical media, inc. complications are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. if you are having a debridement, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include : - delayed healing - removal of healthy tissue with mechanical debridement factors that may increase the risk of complications include : - pre - existing medical conditions - use of steroid or other immunosuppressive medicines - poor nutrition - poor circulation - immune disorders what to expect prior to procedure your doctor will likely do the following : - physical exam - take a measurement of the wound - provide pain medicine before changing debridement dressings ( for nonsurgical procedures ) arrange for a ride to and from the procedure if you will be getting general anesthesia, do not eat or drink anything after midnight the night before the procedure anesthesia may be used for deep pressure ulcers or other wounds. local anesthesia will numb the area. will allow you to sleep through the procedure. description of procedure the following four methods are often used in combination : surgical debridement is done using scalpels, forceps, scissors, and other instruments. it is used if your wound is large, has deep tissue damage, or if your wound is especially painful. it may also be done if debriding your wound is urgent. the skin surrounding the wound will be cleaned and disinfected. the wound will be probed with a metal instrument to determine its depth and locate any foreign matter. the doctor will cut away dead tissue. the wound will be washed out to remove any free tissue. in some cases, transplanted skin may be grafted into place. sometimes, cutting away the entire contaminated wound may be the most effective treatment. a debriding medicine will be applied to your wound. the wound will be covered with a dressing. the enzymes in the medicine will dissolve the dead tissue in the wound. mechanical debridement can involve a variety of methods to remove dead or infected tissue. it may include using a whirlpool bath, a syringe and catheter, or wet to dry dressings. wet to dry dressing starts by applying a wet dressing to your wound. as this dressing dries


or infected tissue. it may include using a whirlpool bath, a syringe and catheter, or wet to dry dressings. wet to dry dressing starts by applying a wet dressing to your wound. as this dressing dries, it absorbs wound material. the dressing is then remoistened and removed. some of the tissue comes with it. this form of debridement uses dressings that retain wound fluids that assist your body ' s natural abilities to clean the wound. this type of dressing is often used to treat pressure sores. this process takes more time than other methods. it will not be used for wounds that are infected or if quick treatment is needed. it is a good treatment if your body cannot tolerate more forceful treatments. immediately after procedure samples of the removed tissue may be sent to a lab for examination. how long will it take? the length of treatment depends on the type of debridement. surgical debridement is the quickest method. nonsurgical debridement may take 2 - 6 weeks or longer. how much will it hurt? during a surgical debridement, general anesthesia prevents pain during the procedure. when local anesthetic or sedative is given, some patients report discomfort. often, patients will be sore while recovering from the procedure. pain medicines may be given to help relieve pain. mechanical debridement and chemical debridement often cause pain. pain medicine can be given before changing the dressing to help manage pain. average hospital stay depending on the reason for the debridement, you may be able to go home on the same day. if you are already in the hospital, this procedure should not extend your stay. it may take the wound many weeks to heal. a specific wound - care program will be suggested to speed your recovery. follow your doctor ' s for wound care. if you are unsure about any aspect or unable to manage your care, discuss your concerns with your doctor. - keep the wound and dressings clean and dry. - ask your doctor about when it is safe to shower, bathe, or soak in water. - take medicines as ordered. do not stop medicines early, even if the wound starts to look better. call your doctor after you leave the hospital, contact your doctor if any of the following occur : - signs of infection, including fever and chills - redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or discharge at the wound site - chalky white,


wildlife along the trail with its panoramic views and low, alpine vegetation, the pinnell mountain trail offers ample opportunities for observing wildlife. for information on how to improve your chances of observing wildlife, see our wildlife viewing tips. caribou ( rangifer tarandus ). until the 1960s the ridges of the pinnell mountain trail lay on the main migration route of the fortymile caribou herd, whose calving grounds were then located in the white mountains. travelers and biologists reported seeing hundreds of thousands of caribou crossing the steese highway near eagle summit. the herd no longer moves to the white mountains for calving, but portions of the herd may visit the area in fall or winter. small groups of caribou seen here during the summer are more likely resident members of the smaller white mountains caribou herd, which numbers about 700 animals. caribou are unique in the deer family in that both females and males have antlers. males shed their antlers after rut ( breeding ) while some pregnant females carry their antlers all winter and shed them in late spring. caribou eat mostly lichens in winter, but their more varied summer diet includes willows, scrub birch, grasses, and sedges such as cottongrass. during annual migrations they travel between calving grounds and winter feeding areas. marmots. hoary marmots ( marmota caligata ) live in rock outcrops and rubble fields, including those around the north fork shelter cabin. marmots are social animals that live in colonies. when startled, they usually sound a loud whistle. some marmots near the shelter cabins have already become habituated to people. please do not make the situation worse by feeding them. pika. the northern or collared pika ( ochotona collaris ) is a short - eared relative of the rabbit. listen for its shrill chirp around rock slides or talus slopes. consider yourself lucky if you see these highly alert animals. wolves, grizzly bears, and moose are occasionally seen along the trail.


the three major types of actions which are exempt from nepa procedural or documentation requirements are : 1 ) congressionally exempt actions, 2 ) emergency actions and 3 ) rejections of proposed actions based on statutory or regulatory authority. if an action is exempt from nepa, then no further nepa review is conducted. review and compliance for other laws and regulations, however, may still be conducted. categorically excluded actions certain categories of actions have been determined to have an insignificant effect and generally do not require preparation of an ea or eis. this list of categorically excluded actions is determined by the department of the interior and the bureau of land management at a national level. if an action is categorically excluded, it is compared to a list of exceptions. the list of exceptions describe circumstances where an activity with normally insignificant effects might be considered to have significant effects. if one or more exception circumstances apply to the proposed action, the proposal may be modified so the circumstances no longer apply. if modifications are not possible, then an ea or eis is prepared. if no exception circumstance applies to the proposed action, the interdisciplinary team documents the project details, reviews the project for compliance with other laws and regulations, and determines if there are any special stipulations for approving the action. previously analyzed actions if an action has been addressed in an existing nepa document, the interdisciplinary team will review the existing nepa document to determine if it adequately addresses the proposed action. if the proposed action is adequately addressed, the determination will be documented. if the existing document does not adequately address the proposed action, a new ea will be prepared. preparation of an environmental assessment an interdisciplinary team is assembled to review project design, identify impacts and develop mitigation. project design is reviewed against standard operating procedures or practices that pertain to the particular type of project. a standard operating practice for a powerline might be to use a design that prevents electrocution of large birds. potential impacts of the action are identified after review and only necessary modification of the project. measures to reduce the potential impacts, mitigation measures, are developed. if after modification and application of mitigation measures the residual impacts of the action are not significant, the project may be approved. if the residual impacts are significant, the project is modified further or an eis is prepared


together with despotism and inextricably mingled with it is the second great islamic enthusiasm — the belief in the supremacy of force. with violence the muslim kingdom was to be attained. mahomet gave to the battle lust of arabia the approval of his puissant deity, bidding his followers put their supreme faith in the arbitrament of the sword. he knew, too, the value of diplomacy and the use of well - calculated treachery, but chief of all he bade his followers arm themselves to seize by force what they could not obtain by cunning. in the insistence upon these two factors, complete obedience to his will as the revelation of allah ’ s decrees and the justification of violence to proclaim the merits of his faith, we gain the nearest approach to his character and beliefs ; for these, together with his conception of fate, are perhaps the most personal of all his institutions. mahomet has suffered not a little at the hands of his immediate successors. they have sought to record the full sum of his personality, and finding the subject elude them, as the translation of actions into words must ever fall short of finality, they have overloaded their narrative with minutest and almost always apocryphal details which leave the main outlines blurred. only two biographies can be said to be in the nature of sources, that of muhammad ibn hischam, written on the model of an earlier biography, undertaken about 760 for the abbasside caliph mansur, and of wakidi, written about 820, which is important as containing the text of many treaties made by mahomet with various tribes. al - tabari, too, included the life of mahomet in his extensive history of arabia, but his work serves only as a check, consisting, as it does, mainly of extracts from wakidi. by far the more valuable is the kuran and the sunna of tradition. but even these are fragmentary and confused, bearing upon them the ineradicable stamp of alien writers and much second - hand thought. in the dim, pregnant dawn of religions, by the transfusing power of a great idea, seized upon and made living by a single personality, the world of imagination mingles with the world of fact as we perceive it. the real is felt to be merely the frail shell of forces more powerful and permanent. legend and myth crowd in upon actual life as imperfect vehicles for the compelling demand made by that new idea for expression. moreover, personality, that subtle essence,


in order to understand solving logarithmic equations, students must understand the basics of logarithms, and how to use exponentiation to access the terms inside the logarithm. some more complicated instances of solving simple logarithmic equations require knowledge of the product, quotient and power rules of logarithms in order to simplify complex terms. solving simple logarithm equations and what i mean by simple logarithm equations is basically logarithm equation that is in logarithm form. so basically you have a log, a base, your term and then an answer. so basically, 3 things, i ' ll call this a simple logarithmic equation. really all you have to do whenever you ' re solving something in this form is put into exponential form, okay? no matter what the x is we ' re going to deal with x ' s in all 3 of these spots. just put into exponential form and solve, okay? so this one the 3 is going to come up and around leaving us with x = 3 to the - 2 and this problem has now just turned into evaluating an exponent. the negative puts everything in the bottom, the 2 squares it and we end up with x = 1 over 9. so whenever we ha - any time we have an equation in logarithm form, in order to solve it put an exponential and then solve it as you would in the other exponential equations.


archean eonarticle free pass archean eon, also spelled archaean eon, the earlier of the two divisions of precambrian time ( about 4 billion to 542 million years ago ). the archean eon began about 4 billion years ago with the formation of the earth ’ s crust and extended to the start of the proterozoic eon 2. 5 billion years ago ; the latter is the second division of precambrian time. records of earth ’ s primitive atmosphere and oceans emerge in the earliest archean ( eoarchean era ), and evidence of the earliest primitive life - forms — bacteria and blue - green algae — appears in rocks about 3. 5 billion years old. archean greenstone - granite belts contain many economic mineral deposits, including gold and silver. the start of the archean eon is only defined by the isotopic age of the earliest rocks. prior to the archean eon, the earth was in the astronomical ( hadean ) stage of planetary accretion that began about 4. 6 billion years ago ; no rocks are preserved from this stage. the earliest terrestrial materials are not rocks but minerals. in western australia some sedimentary conglomerates, dated to 3. 3 billion years ago, contain relict detrital zircon grains that have isotopic ages between 4. 2 and 4. 4 billion years. these grains must have been transported by rivers from a source area, the location of which has never been found ; it was possibly destroyed by meteorite impacts — quite frequent on both the earth and the moon before 4 billion years ago. it is thought that the oxygen content in today ’ s atmosphere must have slowly accumulated through time starting with an atmosphere that was anoxic during archean times. although volcanoes exhale much water vapour ( h2o ) and carbon dioxide ( co2 ), the amount of free oxygen ( o2 ) emitted is very small. the inorganic breakdown ( photodissociation ) of volcanic - derived water vapour and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would have produced only a small amount of free oxygen. the bulk of the free oxygen in the archean atmosphere was derived from organic photosynthesis of carbon dioxide ( co2 ) and water ( h2o ) by anaerobic cyanobacteria ( blue - green algae ), a process that releases oxygen as a by - product. these organisms were prokaryotes, a group of unicellular organisms with rudimentary internal organization


) by anaerobic cyanobacteria ( blue - green algae ), a process that releases oxygen as a by - product. these organisms were prokaryotes, a group of unicellular organisms with rudimentary internal organization. archean oceans were likely created by the condensation of water derived from the outgassing of abundant volcanoes. iron was released then ( as today ) into the oceans from submarine volcanoes in oceanic ridges and during the creation of thick oceanic plateaus. this ferrous iron ( fe2 + ) combined with oxygen and was precipitated as ferric iron in hematite ( fe2o3 ), which produced banded - iron formations on the flanks of the volcanoes. the transfer of biologically produced oxygen from the atmosphere to the sediments was beneficial to the photosynthetic organisms, because at the time free oxygen was toxic to them. when banded - iron formations were being deposited, oxygen - mediating enzymes had not yet developed. therefore, this removal of oxygen allowed early anaerobes ( life - forms not requiring oxygen for respiration ) to develop in the early oceans of the earth. carbon dioxide emissions are abundant from modern volcanoes, and it is assumed that the intense volcanism during the archean eon caused this gas to be highly concentrated in the atmosphere. this high concentration most likely gave rise to an atmospheric greenhouse effect that warmed the earth ’ s surface sufficiently to prevent the development of glaciations, for which there is no evidence in archean rocks. the co2 content in the atmosphere has decreased over geological time, because much of the oxygen formerly bound in co2 has been released to provide increasing amounts of o2 to the atmosphere. in contrast, carbon has been removed from the atmosphere via the burial of organic sediments. throughout the archean, oceanic and island arc crust was produced semi - continuously for 1. 5 billion years ; thus, most archean rocks are igneous. the oldest known rocks on earth, estimated at 4. 28 billion years old, are the faux amphibolite volcanic deposits of the nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt in quebec, canada. the second oldest rocks are the 4 - billion - year - old acasta granitic gneisses in northwestern canada, and a single relict zircon grain dated to 4. 2 billion years ago was found within these gneisses. other ancient sediments and lavas occur in the 3. 85 - billion - year - old isua belt


northwestern canada, and a single relict zircon grain dated to 4. 2 billion years ago was found within these gneisses. other ancient sediments and lavas occur in the 3. 85 - billion - year - old isua belt of western greenland ( which is similar to an accretionary wedge in the trench of a modern subduction zone ) and the 3. 5 - billion - year - old barberton complex in south africa, which is probably a slice of oceanic crust. a huge pulse in the formation of island arcs and oceanic plateaus took place worldwide from 2. 9 to 2. 7 billion years ago. archean rocks mostly occur in large blocks hundreds to thousands of kilometres across, such as in the superior and slave provinces in canada ; the pilbara and yilgarn blocks in australia ; the kaapvaal craton in southern africa ; the dharwar craton in india ; the baltic, anabar, and aldan shields in russia ; and the north china craton. smaller relicts of archean rocks in various stages of obliteration occur in many younger proterozoic and phanerozoic orogenic ( mountain ) belts. some archean rocks that occur in greenstone - granite belts ( zones rich in volcanic rocks that are primitive types of oceanic crust and island arcs ) formed on or near the surface of the earth and thus preserve evidence of the early atmosphere, oceans, and life - forms. other rocks that occur in granulite - gneiss belts ( zones of rocks that were metamorphosed in the archean mid - lower crust ) are exhumed remnants of the lower parts of the archean continents and thus preserve evidence of deep crustal processes operating at the time. in greenstone - granite belts there are many oceanic lavas, island arcs, and oceanic plateaus ; therefore, they commonly contain rock types such as basalts, andesites, rhyolites, granitic plutons, oceanic cherts, and ultramafic komatiites ( lavas enriched in magnesium, a special product of the melting of the hot archean mantle ). these igneous rocks are host to multitudes of economic mineral deposits of gold, silver, chromium, nickel, copper, and zinc, which are the mainstay of the economies of canada, australia, and zimbabwe. in granulite - gneiss belts the roots of many andean - type active continental margins are exposed, the rocks being highly defor


lutheran council in the united states of america ( lcusa ) article free pass lutheran council in the united states of america ( lcusa ), cooperative agency for four lutheran churches whose membership included about 95 percent of all lutherans in the u. s., established jan. 1, 1967, as a successor to the national lutheran council ( nlc ). the member churches were the lutheran church in america, the american lutheran church, the lutheran church – missouri synod, and the synod of evangelical lutheran churches. the nlc, organized in 1918, had served eight lutheran churches as a cooperative organization and had developed various programs, including social service, missions, public relations, service to military personnel, service to students, and overseas aid. when it seemed probable in the late 1950s that the eight member churches of the nlc would merge into two churches ( subsequently the american lutheran church and the lutheran church in america ), it became necessary to restructure the nlc. in 1959 the missouri synod accepted an invitation to consider a more inclusive lutheran agency, and consultations in 1960 and 1961 led to agreements to establish the lcusa. this was a breakthrough in cooperation among lutherans in the united states, because the conservative missouri synod had previously refused to consider joining a cooperative agency unless doctrinal agreement had been reached by all participants. it agreed, however, to join the lcusa when it was assured that all participants would take part in doctrinal discussions as part of the program of the council. subsequently, the small ( 21, 000 members in the late 1960s ) synod of evangelical lutheran churches also agreed to join in forming the new council. in 1977 the missouri synod withdrew from the council. the lcusa continued much of the work of the nlc, with the added emphasis on doctrinal and theological discussions and study. what made you want to look up " lutheran council in the united states of america ( lcusa ) "? please share what surprised you most...


put - in - bayarticle free pass put - in - bay, village, ottawa county, northern ohio, u. s. it is situated in put - in - bay harbor of south bass island, off marblehead peninsula in lake erie, 35 miles ( 56 km ) east of toledo. the spot is famous for the american naval victory known as the battle of lake erie, fought offshore against a british squadron on september 10, 1813, with commodore oliver hazard perry commanding an american flotilla. the event is commemorated by a towering 352 - foot ( 107 - metre ) shaft topped by an open - air promenade and surrounded by a 25 - acre ( 10 - hectare ) national area. this monument ( perry ’ s victory and international peace memorial, completed 1915 ) is just outside the village, near the canadian line, and also commemorates the international peace between canada and the united states and their common unguarded boundary. the village is a resort noted for fishing and boating. south bass island itself is 3. 5 miles long by 1. 5 miles ( 5. 6 km by 2. 4 km ) wide and is shaped like a pudding bag, the name of which is commonly believed to have been corrupted to the village ’ s place - name, put - in - bay. the island is known for its caves, wineries, and fish hatcheries. pop. ( 2000 ) 128 ; ( 2010 ) 138. what made you want to look up " put - in - bay "? please share what surprised you most...


judy chicago : the dinner party - dates : september 20, 2002 through february 9, 2003 - collections : decorative arts celebrating 1, 038 actual and mythical women of achievement, the dinner party is a monumental tribute to all women. in 1974, judy chicago began work on this elaborate installation, which over the course of five years would ultimately become a collaboration between the artist and about four hundred women and men. the main part of the dinner party is introduced by six tapestries with " visionary " texts, three panels acknowledging the artist ’ s hundreds of collaborators, and seven panels documenting the lives of the specific women featured in the work. these multifaceted elements surround the dinner party ’ s focal point ; a massive triangular table adorned with thirty - nine place settings, each honoring a female figure who helped form and inform western civilization. through artistic media traditionally associated with women — notably china painting and embroidery — chicago designed these settings to reflect each woman ' s unique accomplishments, though all the plates share a general imagery of butterflies, flowers, and vulvae. the table stands on the heritage floor, which is inscribed with the names of the other 999 women celebrated by this work. the dinner party has made an important contribution to feminist thinking and to the history of art. this complex artistic statement helped point the way toward changing the once small, exclusive, and male - dominated art world into the inclusive scene we know today. marking the twenty - second anniversary of its first showing at the brooklyn museum in the same space, this presentation of the dinner party invites visitors to contemplate anew the enduring significance of this landmark work of american art. the brooklyn museum of art is grateful to the elizabeth a. sackler foundation for the gift of the dinner party and for enabling us to preserve its legacy for future generations. in the summer of 2004, the dinner party will lend its permanent home in the elizabeth a. sackler center for feminist art on the fourth floor of the museum.


fleet management began as a static process, with transportation companies largely in the dark with regards to the exact whereabouts of their assets. these companies relied on physical inventories and the conscientiousness of operators for fleet data usually manually collected and entered into a simple application. fleet management has evolved dramatically over the years. globally, the demand for fossil fuels is beginning to outpace the world ’ s supply. the imperative to reduce fossil fuel consumption for the sake of the environment is now made more attractive to businesses given the opportunity to cut costs through the use of renewable energy resources. deploying renewable energy remains a popular topic as politicians and policymakers discuss different energy generation options. these leaders will discuss varying degrees of support for wind, solar, nuclear, natural gas, coal, and petroleum to power our homes and vehicles. as domestic carbon emissions continue to increase and cheap energy prices are memories of the past, the federal government has embarked on a plan to lead the public and private sector in reducing energy consumption and associated carbon emissions. in executive order 13514, president obama asks federal agencies to lead by example with regard to sustainability, but if that isn ’ t enough motivation for other organizations to draft a strategic sustainability plan, government leaders should do it to cut costs and do more with less. a coordinated technological architecture that combines expanded use of sensors, seamless information sharing and effective data analysis can lead to successful achievement of cost control and reduction in energy use. as we have seen in earlier posts, organizations that can successfully execute a strategy to reduce energy usage can potentially realize significant cost savings. in this entry, we will look at some different ways to pay for an energy cost savings program. a new focus on reducing our consumption of energy is vital for the national interest. while it may be considered easy to some to address “ why ” reducing energy consumption is incredibly important, concentrating on “ how ” these changes will be implemented becomes much more challenging. the 2010 ibm eco - efficiency jam highlighted the need for the entire enterprise to collaborate on the development of strategies and tactics that create operational eco - efficiencies, particularly in energy efficiency.