- many birds bred in captivity are hand - reared. hand - rearing allows a greater number of birds to be reared ( initial clutches may be removed and hand - reared, with the birds re - laying ). the abnormal rearing environment may, however adversely affect later behaviour. one potential problem is that birds reared in an abnormal environment may not themselves exhibit normal parental behaviour as adults. - a well - recognised problem, of more concern in some species than in others, is that hand - reared birds may become imprinted on humans and not later recognise their conspecifics as appropriate mates. this is less likely to occur if the birds are reared alongside others of their own species. if reared together with chicks of another species, they may preferentially mate with that species. - hand - reared birds may be less wary than parent - reared birds. this may be useful or detrimental depending on the circumstances. it may increase vulnerability to predation in birds intended for release, but may be useful in producing birds which are less stressed in a captive situation, and therefore more likely to breed : this may be very important in breeding endangered species. - hand - rearing also requires suitable equipment in the form of brooder boxes, runs, heat lamps etc. and requires a considerable input of time and effort. not all species are easy to hand - rear and some require considerable experience and expertise. - hand rearing has the advantages of allowing good control over temperature and food availability. - success with rearing, particularly of duck species, may be greatly increased with hand - rearing. losses due to predation and abandonment, in particular, may be decreased. - once downies have hatched and dried, they should be transferred from the hatching incubator to a heated broody box. broody boxes should have solid sides and a mesh top to prevent active birds from jumping or climbing out. - the most common method of providing heat is by an infra - red heat lamp. this is usually suspended over the brooder box by means of a chain, allowing the lamp to be raised or lowered as required to adjust the temperature inside the box. incandescent bulbs may also be used to provide heat, but are more vulnerable if knocked or splashed with water ( and may shatter ), and do not allow for a period of darkness, which is important for all except arctic - breeding waterfowl. - a thermal gradient should be present from directly under the lamp ( warmest ) to the far end of the box, allowing the downies


do not allow for a period of darkness, which is important for all except arctic - breeding waterfowl. - a thermal gradient should be present from directly under the lamp ( warmest ) to the far end of the box, allowing the downies to chose for themselves the most comfortable area. a sturdy thermometer may be placed inside the box to monitor the temperature, which should initially be about 90 - 99f ( 32. 2 - 37. 2c ) directly under the lamp, reducing to 65 - 70f ( 18. 3 - 21. 1c ) ( or ambient temperature if higher ) by about three weeks old. - n. b. thermometer temperatures are a useful guide, but behavioural monitoring should be used also : if the downies are all underneath the lamp and huddling together, they are too cold and the lamp needs to be lowered. if they are staying in the far corners of the box, as far away from the lamp as possible, panting and appearing stressed, they are too hot and the lamp needs to be raised. substrate and cleaning : - suitable substrates for young waterfowl should stay dry to avoid wetting and chilling and a non - slip surface is preferred to avoid splay - leg. newspaper is not very suitable as it quickly becomes sodden and is also slippery when dry. towels may be used initially but quickly become soiled and wet. hay and straw should be avoided as they may be a source of aspergillus spp. spores. wood shavings, hay, straw and paper might be eaten, which may lead to impaction. rubber mats with a stippled surface have been used successfully, as has synthetic turf. plastic - covered weldmesh or stiff plastic mesh on a frame may be used and has the advantage that spilled feed, water and droppings can fall though to a gutter area underneath to be washed away. good hygiene is very important and brooder boxes should be cleaned daily to avoid bacterial and fungal growth and associated diseases. - there are two main approaches to the provision of water for downy waterfowl. downies may be kept with full access to water for swimming from the first or second day. in such conditions it is important to watch the birds carefully for the first few days and ensure they are kept warm and dry when out of the water, as there is a risk of the birds becoming too wet with resultant chilling. it is particularly important for the diving ducks ( especially seaducks and stifftails ) to have access to water


ensure they are kept warm and dry when out of the water, as there is a risk of the birds becoming too wet with resultant chilling. it is particularly important for the diving ducks ( especially seaducks and stifftails ) to have access to water for swimming and diving from an early age ( b29 ). - alternatively, downies may be maintained with only drinking water, provided in small vessels or in shallow bowls partially filled with stones to prevent swimming ; this may be safer and requires less constant watching, and is often used for dabbling ducks and geese, particularly for small delicate duck species. the amount of water is gradually increased to allow paddling, and full access to water is allowed only after the first full plumage of contour feathers has grown. - if full water access is provided from an early age, a constant flow with surface - level drainage should be used, and an area of stippled rubber matting or mesh must be provided under the brooder lamp. - if waterfowl have been reared without full access to water they must be watched carefully when first let onto water as they may become water - logged and sink ( see : they are also at greater risk of chilling until the first plumage has become waterproof. - food should be provided once the birds are out of the hatcher. for most species which normally peck at food, dry crumbs or small pellets may be provided in a bowl close to water. for species which would sieve their food, food should be finely ground and made up into a wet slurry. initially, crumbs with a protein level of 19 - 20 % may be given, with this being changed to pellets of about 15 - 16 % from two to three weeks old onwards. fine grit should also be provided. - some waterfowl are difficult to get feeding initially, and may fail to gain weight and die, usually during their second week ( see : starveout ). a variety of techniques have been developed to encourage waterfowl downies to feed ; see : stimulating feeding of - n. b. it is important to ensure that downies are actually eating, not just appearing to eat. daily weighing is a useful indication, although weights normally decreases in the first two or three days as the yolk sac is absorbed. careful observation is required to ensure that food is actually being ingested, and tube feeding may be required for some very difficult birds which are slow to begin to feed. - for goslings and other grazing species access to


yolk sac is absorbed. careful observation is required to ensure that food is actually being ingested, and tube feeding may be required for some very difficult birds which are slow to begin to feed. - for goslings and other grazing species access to growing grass ( i. e. turf, not just cut grass ) is important. - the number of hours of light provided should mimic the normal daylight hours of the natural environment where the birds are reared. in the case or arctic - breeding geese, this would be constant daylight. tropical species may be best maintained on a cycle of 13 hours daylight, 11 hours dark, while temperate species require something in between, such as 16 hours of light, 8 hours dark. temperate species given too many hours of daylight are prone to overfeeding, with the attendant risk of the development of angel wing. - young waterfowl should be given access to an outside run in suitable weather as young as possible, and may normally be moved outside at least in daytime by as early as one to two weeks old, depending on the weather. - the run should be placed on clean short grass in an area not used by waterfowl ( adults or juveniles ) the previous year. - runs should provide sunny areas ( weather permitting ) and shade to avoid sunstroke / heatstroke, and should be designed to exclude mice. thought should be given to the fact that the direction of the sun moves during the day, so that a board giving adequate shade in the morning may need to be moved in order to continue to provide shade later in the day. - the young birds should be shut away at night until the down is being replaced by the first proper feathers. depending on climate, some heat may be required at night at - until birds are both fully feathered and waterproof it is advisable to ensure that either the birds are shut in at night or the whole run is covered at night, to avoid the risk of birds becoming soaked during a nightime downpour. - once fully feathered, juveniles may be placed in larger pens, with a good - sized pool. at this stage, birds which have previously been maintained off water must be watched and may need to be dried if they become to wet ; waterproofing usually develops properly within a couple of days. these pens should provide sun, dry spots for resting and shelter from rain, as well as areas in sunshine. - ideally, birds are raised in broods of the same age and species. juveniles of different species but the same age and size may


view and connect to available wireless networks if you have a laptop, you can see a list of available wireless networks, and then connect to one of those networks, no matter where you are. the wireless networks appear only if your computer has a wireless network adapter and driver installed and the adapter is enabled. watch this video to learn how to view and connect to available wireless networks ( 0. 36 ) to view and connect to available wireless networks open connect to a network by clicking the network icon ( or ) in the notification area. in the list of available wireless networks, click a network, and then click connect. some networks require a network security key or passphrase. to connect to one of those networks, ask your network administrator or internet service provider ( isp ) for the security key or passphrase. whenever possible, you should connect to security - enabled wireless networks. if you do connect to a network that ' s not secure, be aware that someone with the right tools can see everything that you do, including the websites you visit, the documents you work on, and the user names and passwords that you use. changing your network location to public can help minimize the risk. for more information, see choosing a network location and how do i know if a wireless network is secure? if you ' d like to set up your own wireless network, see start here to set up a home network in windows 7.


april 24, 2012 wooster, ohio — five - year - old trei durstine loves experiments, so saturday ’ s science day at the college of wooster was a perfect way to spend the afternoon. the young kindergartner joined some 200 other curious young scientists and their families as they touched real animal brains, made air - dry fossils, created “ flubber, ” sampled ice cream made with liquid nitrogen, and participated in a range of other hands - on exhibits and presentations. “ our goal was to get young children excited about science, ” said john lindner, professor of physics, who, with the physics club, is the driving force behind science day. “ we wanted them to see that science can be cool and fun. ” judging from the smiling faces that made their way through taylor hall on saturday afternoon, the group more than achieved its objective. “ this is the first time we used all four floors ( of the building ), ” said lindner. “ there were a lot of things to see and do. ” on the third floor, the neuroscience club had pig, cow, and sheep brains on display, while the geology club offered selections of fundamental rock types and an “ active ” volcano that would erupt every 15 minutes. the second floor featured two popular demonstrations : ( 1 ) electricity and magnetism on the van de graaff generator and ( 2 ) polarization, which showed what karo syrup looked like with sunglasses. the first floor was the busiest level with five different stations, including ones on air pressure, holography, waves & sound, and forces & motion, where a spinning bicycle wheel could actually rotate a person on a swivel stool in circles through a principle known as the “ conservation of angular movement. ” in the basement, there was a spectra station, where onlookers pondered the origin of colors : an astronomy exhibit, where participants could make comets from dry ice and dirt ; and a chemistry spot, where liquid nitrogen ice cream and “ tie - dye ” milk were on the menu. “ it was a student - driven event with more than 40 of our ( college ) students representing five different majors doing experiments and making presentations, ” said lindner. among those student volunteers was senior physics major katsuo maxted, who presented forces & motion with fellow physics major patrick butler. “ it was a very popular session, ” said maxted. “ as physics majors, we should be able to explain what we do, and share it with audiences in simple terms. ”


- what is a mitzvah? - - judaism on the internet - - the ultimate resource for jews, judaism, jewish education, and torah. — “ what is a mitzvah? - ”, - bar mitzvah party extras bar mitzvah party planning special jewish celebrations here are a few of the elements you are most likely to find in an israeli bar mitzvah celebration. — “ bar mitzvah party special extra party ideas ”, - definition of mitzvah in the online dictionary. meaning of mitzvah. pronunciation of mitzvah. translations of mitzvah. mitzvah synonyms, mitzvah antonyms. information about mitzvah in the free online english dictionary and encyclopedia. bar. — “ mitzvah - definition of mitzvah by the free online dictionary ”, - the term " bat mitzvah " is used to describe a 12 - year - old girl when she becomes a jewish adult. bat mitzvah also refers to the religious ceremony ( and sometimes celebratory party ) that accompanies this important life - cycle event. — “ bat mitzvah - what is a bat mitzvah ”, - find the best bar mitzvah vendors and service providers and get help planning your child ' s bar mitzvah : bar mitzvah catering, bar mitzvah caterers, bar mitzvah djs. — “ bar mitzvah, bar mitzvah vendors, bar mitzvah photographers ”, - for the jewish rite of passage, see bar mitzvah and bat mitzvah. sefer ha - mitzvoth by rabbi yisrael meir kagan ( the " chafetz chaim " ) - this work only deals with the commandments that are valid. — “ mitzvah - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ”, - mitzvah. mitzvah ( מצוה " commandment ", mitsˈva |, biblical : miswah ; plural mitzvot [ mitsˈvot ] ; biblical : miswoth from צוה siwwah " command " ) is a word used in judaism to refer to the 613 commandments given in the torah and the seven rabbinic commandments. — “ mitzvah ”, - mitzvah n., pl., - voth ( ), or - vahs. a commandment of the jewish law. the fulfillment of such a commandment. — “ mitzvah : definition


“ mitzvah ”, - mitzvah n., pl., - voth ( ), or - vahs. a commandment of the jewish law. the fulfillment of such a commandment. — “ mitzvah : definition from ”, - learn about bar mitzvah gifts on. find info and videos including : when to give a bar mitzvah gift, what is a good gift for a bar mitzvah?, bar mitzvah gift etiquette and much more. — “ bar mitzvah gifts - ”, - wikihow article about how to act at a bar or bat mitzvah. during most services, there will be men walking around the aisles to make sure everyone is paying attention to the bar or bat mitzvah ' s lesson. — “ how to act at a bar or bat mitzvah - wikihow ”, - a mitzvah is an important part of jewish society, just as it is important with other religions as well. in order to successfully fulfill a mitzvah you have to perform an act of kindness that is above and beyond the normal act of kindness. — “ fulfilling a mitzvah - judaism - ”, - mitzvah ( mits - vuh ) ; pl : mitzvot ( mits - voht ) lit. commandment. any of the 613 commandments it can also refer to any jewish religious obligation, or more generally to any good deed. — “ definition : mitzvah ”, - mitzvah ; mitzvot : ( lit. " commandment " ) ; one of the torah ' s 613 divine commandments ; a good deed or religious precept ; according to chassidut, the word mitzvah stems from the root tzavta, attachment, the mitzvah creating a bond between g - d who commands and man who performs. — “ mitzvah ; mitzvot - jewish knowledge base ”, - what is a bar or bat mitzvah? b ' nai mitzvah is more than an event ; as we say in the jewish tradtion, you do not have a bar or bat mitzvah, you become one. a b ' nai mitzvah is not a day, it is a person, i. — “ b ' nai mitzvah - rodef sholom : a reform jewish congregation in ”, - mitzvah ( hebrew : מצווה, " commandment


is not a day, it is a person, i. — “ b ' nai mitzvah - rodef sholom : a reform jewish congregation in ”, - mitzvah ( hebrew : מצווה, " commandment " ; plural, mitzvot ; from צוה, the latter argue that if the reason for each mitzvah could be determined, people might try to achieve what they see as the purpose of the mitzvah, without actually performing the mitzvah itself. — “ mitzvah - new world encyclopedia ”, - mitzvah definition, any of the collection of 613 commandments or precepts in the bible and additional ones of rabbinic origin that relate chiefly to the religio see more. — “ mitzvah | define mitzvah at ”, related images for mitzvah - mitzvah scroll gif - decorated albert spector auditorium - family education is an integral part of our educational system and parents are encouraged to participate not only in mishpachah family programs but also in every aspect of their - mitzvah 8 jpg - mitzvah5 jpg - mitzvah s jpg - mitzvah gallery 15 jpg - mitzvah gallery 6 jpg - mining sluice cleans off the genuine gemstones for your guests to find and keep note sluice is typically for outdoor warm weather events select availability at indoor venues up to 20 people can fit around the gemstone mining sluice at any one time - mitzvah gallery 10 jpg - mitzvah 3 jpg - mitzvah gallery 5 jpg - this is my big sound and light system consisting of jbl subwoofers jbl tower speakers and a 16 foot light truss loaded with special effect lights - very young age a year after her death shlomo married merav a young woman who had been divorced with two small children of her own together shlomo and merav have had seven more children - bat mitzvah 2006 jpg - mitzvah gallery 12 jpg - mass mitzvahs at b u - birthday parties bar and bat mitzvahs * * * tail parties anniversary parties baby showers galas fundraisers etc - beer company s bar mitvah photo contest courtesy of kevin friedman - mitzvah gallery 9 jpg - 2004 mitzvah day 15a jpg - involvement and responsibility are a major component of jewish identity our own and our identification with our brethren all over the world such identification


behind the music parody video made for miles rosenthal ' s bar mitzvah by steve delahoyde - turning your bar mitzvah money into millions how tim sykes invested at a young age and started his own hedge fund in college. - i ' m zack! original music video for zachary freiman ' s bar mitzvah - - music and direction by scott freiman " i ' m zack! " is now available on itunes! all proceeds go to temple beth abraham in tarrytown, new york. click on the video to go directly to itunes. - lizzie mcguire / episode 30. gordo ' s bar mitzvah. " part 1 of 2 ". ( widescreen 16 : 9. hq ) filmed live : 15 may. 2001. ( and dates around ). first aired : 18, january. 2002. production code 130. ( season 1 episode 30 ). - bat mitzvah crystal cake we covered this 3 tier square flare bat mitzvah cake with shimmery fuchsia fondant and harvest branches. flowers matching the invitation adorn each tier with crystal detailing. - bat mitzvah gift box cake watch joanne from pink cake box stack a three tier bat mitzvah cake. this asymmetrical three tier gift box cake was created for a hollywood themed bat mitzvah at confetti in randolph nj. we incorporated pucci design and film to match the decor and hollywood theme of the party. the flavors included pink velvet cake with lemon cream cheese, pink velvet cake with vanilla buttercream and chocolate cake with oreos and cream. - julian ' s bar mitzvah gift 2 box football hobby break hi julian, here is a gift for you bar mitzvah, courtesy of your mother & brother. i hope you like the video and the cards. i will get these right out for you. talk to you soon buddy, chris j. - u2 : the early years part i : the bar mitzvah ben stiller as bono and a send up of the partridge family, rattle and hum. funny stuff. - daniel bar mitzvah daniel from birth to 13, slide show made for his bar mitzvah. music by jon simon. - bar mitzvah ceremony video - los angeles and cut! video services, los angeles daniel went through the age - old tradition of becoming a bar mitzvah at the gorgeous university synagogue in santa monica. but let ' s face it, the video isn ' t for him, it ' s for his parents


video services, los angeles daniel went through the age - old tradition of becoming a bar mitzvah at the gorgeous university synagogue in santa monica. but let ' s face it, the video isn ' t for him, it ' s for his parents. so what they get is not only a tribute to a very bright young man, but also to the large and loving family who couldn ' t be more proud of him. - satmar rebbe - mitzvah tantz satmar rebbe rabbi aron teitelbaum dancing mitzvah tantz at his grandchild wedding wednesday, january 19, 2011 in satmar beis medrash 14th hooper st. in williamsburg - lizzie mcguire / episode 30. gordo ' s bar mitzvah. " part 2 of 2 ". ( widescreen 16 : 9. hq ) filmed live : 15 may. 2001. ( and dates around ). first aired : 18, january. 2002. production code 130. ( season 1 episode 30 ). - michoel pruzansky taseh mitzvah this music video, made for purim, features the hit song taseh mitzvah with some hilarious scenes - frasier speaks klingon during freddie ' s bar mitzvah. frasier crane. frederick gaylord crane, lilith sternin, martin ( marty ), niles, daphne moon, gendler, jeremy, noel shempsky. pookh lod wih le koo. hach jahj cho - koov - moakh leng - lidge loo - teb - jahj leng widge - vahd bel rahp shoave dah - nobe - poo - boagh. [ in hebrew ] shabbat shalom. jewish gobbledygook, gibberish, klingon blessing, star trek funny - dustins bar mitzvah kick him out dustins bar mitzvah kick him out video directed by indica - starsky & hutch bat mitzvah song i just felt the need to upload this cause i love this scene but i never see it online... everything about it is hilarious lyrics : feel like makin love that ' s the time yeah feel like makin love to you oh, baby come on. yo. in a restaurant in a topless bar in a high school bus in the back of your mama ' s car on the trampoline in the middle of a putting green anywhere yo, near or


love to you oh, baby come on. yo. in a restaurant in a topless bar in a high school bus in the back of your mama ' s car on the trampoline in the middle of a putting green anywhere yo, near or far right here at this bat mitzvah owww, thats the time i feel like makin lovetoyou - monk - bat mitzvah theme ( paley center ) moderator ray richmond ( television critic, hollywood reporter ) asks about loyal fans and for examples of extreme fans of the show. actor tony shaloub ( adrian monk ) tells the story of a fan with a monk - themed bat mitzvah. - mitzvah blvd. trailer - eli learns his aleph beis mitzvah blvd is here to teach all the letters of the aleph beis, one by one ; and parents couldn ' t be happier. this new half - hour video combines live action and animation, puppets and people, entertainment and information. each letter is introduced with its own skit and song, so that kids not only learn the letter, but basic words that are associated with it. in addition to letters and words, mitzvah blvd. teaches torah values, such as brochos, kosher, tzedakah and much more. over three years in the making, mitzvah blvd. combines all the top talents, including, yankee teitelbaum, fitche benshimon and the one and only chaim fogelman! it makes a great present any time of the year, but especially on chanukah, which celebrates our commitment to torah true education. this mitzvah blvd. vol. 1 is the first in a series of affordable learning and entertainment dvds. each dvd will be packed with torah and will teach jewish values in a way that kids from 2 to 12 will enjoy and understand. to order your copy of mitzvah blvd, visit your nearest judaica store or. - bat mitzvah at shoreditch house | bloomsbury films ® highlights of a bat mitzvah party filmed at shoreditch house, london on 10 may 2008. produced by bloomsbury films ® |. - bat mitzvah setup christmas party snowflake ceiling video stairs omg moving heads direct sound dj mikey mike and chris mivhaels set up for a bat mitzvah | then i did a christmas party after the setup omg the stairs and traffic were a


setup christmas party snowflake ceiling video stairs omg moving heads direct sound dj mikey mike and chris mivhaels set up for a bat mitzvah | then i did a christmas party after the setup omg the stairs and traffic were a killer | snowflake ceiling | video | trussing | stairs omg | moving heads | direct sound bat mitzvah setup / bar - the ikea doll bat mitzvah an ikea doll comes of age in a colorful world of torah, bubbies and hormones - dj jazzy jackson bat mitzvah demo dj jazzy jackson of kittyhawk mobile dj services in san pedro, california at alyssa ' s bat mitzvah celebration at the doubletree hotel, san pedro, california. hd video demo by 24kt sound & video also of san pedro. high energy clip of bat mitzvah highlights. dj jazzy is a very good friend and talented entertainer. love working together with him whenever we can. jazzy really knows how to " rev up " a crowd. 24kt sound & video is located in san pedro, california. web : www. 24 email marc @ 24 ( 310 ) 547 - 4702 hd video recording for special events, weddings, corporate videos, seminars, tradeshows, training and marketing. specialty videos include animated photos, talking pets, photo montages, memorial videos. performance videos include ballet, concerts, plays, recitals, soloists, athletic events. - funny bar mitzvah dance mikey and mom ' s funny first dance at his bar mitzvah - i am having a good time! dance from jon glaser ' s delocated. - mitzvah tank rabbi pinchas ezagui of the esformes chabad lubavitch jewish center in ormond beach, shows off his mitzvah tank, a rolling synagogue / rv he uses to reach out to jewish people in surrounding communities. see more local videos at www. news - - werewolf bar mitzvah - sims 2 a sims 2 movie of the tracy jordan hit song " werewolf bar mitzvah ". my first movie ever! hopefully fans of 30 rock and sims 2 together can enjoy this. - dustin ' s bar mitzvah - to the ramones we recorded this in a small car boot sale in acton - david, baco, toby and rob were all in high spirits as the recording went through - they ' ve played everywhere - even in tokyo. lucky beggers. note - jason, the guy who plays the manager, was


boot sale in acton - david, baco, toby and rob were all in high spirits as the recording went through - they ' ve played everywhere - even in tokyo. lucky beggers. note - jason, the guy who plays the manager, was an absolute diamond geezer. very funny, very improvised. hope y ' all like... - werewolf bar mitzvah - atbash ( rashanim cover ) tom johnson - guitar, max johnt - bass, mike howey - drums vfw, fargo, 3 - 4 - 10 ( cover of rashanim song ) - jewish morning wake up mitzvah learn how the jewish people wake up in the morning according to halacha from the torah - bar mitzvah songs. wmv bar mitzvah songs performed by bourbon and trucker dope with special guest, six pack. performed at spencer ewing friedman ' s bar mitzvah - 2010 - best bar mitzvah speech my son ' s d ' var torah bar mitzvah speech - ultimate bar mitzvah film i made this film for my son jacob ' s bar mitzvah. it chronicles his preparation for the big day, using film and photos, while showing him throughout the years. - " theater class " episode 6 : bye mitzvah the class goes kosher, throwing the greatest jewish goodbye party for cici ( skylar schock ). meanwhile, mason ' s ( salim razawi ) better judgement is tested and oliver ( stephen weighill ) learns to love donkeys. adam neylan, karen fokes, janet mccarroll, rachael ferris, and tony rogers also star. - curb your enthusiasm the bat mitzvah larry & loretta clip clip of larry and loretta black. susie greene vs loretta black. - bat mitzvah with direct sound low fog uplighting cool sound and lighting twitter about mitzvah blogs & forum blogs and forums about mitzvah “ exceptional philadelphia wedding bands, dance bands, wedding djs ( disc jockeys ), party djs, event planning, lighting and more. ebe is philadelphia ' s premier entertainment company for weddings, bar / bat mitzvahs, corporate events, sweet 16 parties ” “ showing blog articles in bar mitzvah project. most recent. creative charity. when her son robin wanted the bar mitzvah party to mean more than new clothes, ” — bar mitzvah project - - yad eliezer blog, “ b ' nai mitzvah blog


project. most recent. creative charity. when her son robin wanted the bar mitzvah party to mean more than new clothes, ” — bar mitzvah project - - yad eliezer blog, “ b ' nai mitzvah blog. community bulletin board. ecc blog. jcp blog. darren ' s blog. picture jcp blogs " b ' nai mitzvah blog. bnai mitzvah students lead passover ” — b ' nai mitzvah blog | jcp downtown : jewish community project, “ bat / bar mitzvah blog rss. this area does not yet contain any content. we are so excited to have been selected by fab * blog as their featured interview this week! ” — bat / bar mitzvah blog - mitzvahlicious, “ did you know that temple emanuel of new hyde park is now called temple tikvah? the ballroom has been renovated in soft earth tones, beautiful crown molding and ” — creative cuisine | mitzvahmarket, “ general category / the simcha bat & bar mitzvah forum / re : bat mitzvah party theme ideas general category / the simcha bat & bar mitzvah forum / re : bat mitzvah party theme ideas ” — recent posts, “ mitzvah corps of the south celebrated shabbat and the fourth of july welcome to our blog - your all - access pass to the mitzvah corps experience! ” — mitzvah corps – reform jewish * * * s social action - blog, “ read our thoughts on 25 years of mitzvah entertainment ” — mitzvah blog,


ap science writer new york ( ap ) - - to millions of people, the christmas tree is a cheerful sight. to scientists who decipher the dna codes of plants and animals, it ' s a monster. we ' re talking about the conifer, the umbrella term for cone - bearing trees like the spruce, fir, pine, cypress and cedar. apart from their yuletide popularity, they play big roles in the lumber industry and in healthy forest ecosystems. scientists would love to identify the billions of building blocks that make up the dna of a conifer. that ' s called sequencing its genome. such analysis is a standard tool of biology, and doing it for conifers could reveal genetic secrets useful for basic science, breeding and forest management. but the conifer genome is dauntingly huge. and like a big price tag on a wished - for present, that has put it out of reach. now, as christmas approaches, it appears the conifer ' s role as a genetic grinch may be ending. in recent months, scientific teams in the united states and canada have released preliminary, patchy descriptions of conifer genomes. and a swedish team plans to follow suit soon in its quest for the norway spruce. " the world changed for conifer genetics, " said david neale of the university of california, davis. it ' s " entering the modern era. " what happened? credit the same recent technological advances that have some doctors predicting that someday, people will have their genomes sequenced routinely as part of medical care. the technology for that has gotten faster and much cheaper. " until just a few years ago, the idea of sequencing even a single conifer genome seemed impossible, " said john mackay of the university of laval in quebec city, who co - directs a multi - institution canadian project that ' s tackling the white spruce. the new technologies changed that, he said. how big is a conifer genome? consider the 80 - foot christmas tree at rockefeller center in new york. it ' s a norway spruce, so its genome is six times bigger than that of anybody skating below it. other conifer genomes are even larger. nobody expects a perfect, finished conifer genome anytime soon. mackay and others say that reaching that goal would probably require some advances in technology. but even partial versions can help tree breeders and basic scientists, researchers say. why bother doing this? for breeders, " genomes can really help you speed up the process and simply do a better job of selecting trees, if


some advances in technology. but even partial versions can help tree breeders and basic scientists, researchers say. why bother doing this? for breeders, " genomes can really help you speed up the process and simply do a better job of selecting trees, if you understand the genetic architecture of the traits you want to breed for, " mackay said. the prospect of climate change brings another dimension. as forest managers select trees to plant after a fire or tree harvesting, genetic information might help them pick varieties that can adapt to climate trends in coming decades, neale said. it ' s all about " giving them a tree that will be healthy into the future, " he said. to sequence a genome, scientists start by chopping dna into small bits, and let their machines sequence each bit. that ' s the part that has become much faster and cheaper in recent years. but then comes the task of re - assembling these bits back into the long dna chains found in trees. and that is a huge challenge with conifers, because their dna chains contain many repeated sequences that make the assembly a lot harder. as a result, conifers present " these large regions i think we will never be able to piece together " with current technologies, said par ingvarsson of umea university in sweden, who is leading the norway spruce project. will scientists develop new technologies to overcome that problem? " you should never say never in this game, " ingvarsson said. this past summer, neale ' s group presented partial results for the genome sequence of loblolly pine, based on dna extracted from a single pine nut. it includes about a million disconnected chunks of dna, and altogether it covers well over half the tree ' s genome. neale figures it will take his team until 2016 to complete genomes of the loblolly, douglas - fir and sugar pine. the project is financed by the u. s. department of agriculture. mackay ' s group recently released its early results on dna taken from a single white spruce. as for the swedish project on norway spruce, ingvarsson said its results will be made public early next year. the 2 million dna pieces have captured most of the estimated 35, 000 to 40, 000 genes in the tree, even if researchers don ' t know just where those genes go in the overall genome sequence, he said. people have about 23, 000 genes, not much different from a conifer. the tree ' s genome so much bigger because it also contains an abundance of non -


wusc regina sponsored student patience umereweneza on the lives lead by refugees who do not live in camps : last semester wusc regina came up with an awesome refugee awareness strategy on campus by creating a mock refugee camp. this camp highlighted the way of life in a refugee camp including issues faced by refugees in the camps. these issues included women ’ s issues, lack of food, lack of sanitation, and of course lack of security. however not all refugees live in camps. in fact according to the united nations high commissioner for refugees ( unhcr ), only a third of the world ’ s refugees live in camps today. this growing trend of urban refugees stems from the fact that cities, unlike camps, create opportunities to stay anonymous, make money, and build a better future. these urban refugees claim that they have a slightly higher chance of regaining control over their wellbeing than if they lived in camps. there are, for example, hundreds of thousands of somalians living in nairobi and vast numbers living in other countries such as djibouti and yemen. another example is the new policy that the ethiopian government presented to unhcr in which eritrean refugees who can support themselves are allowed to live outside the camps. this new policy allows eritrean refugees to live outside camps in any part of the country, provided they are able to sustain themselves financially or have a close or distant relative or a friend in ethiopia who commits to support them. this change in policy is focused on enabling these refugees to live outside the camp settings. however, living outside of camps however can be very dangerous for refugees. most countries do not recognize refugees as legal persons and therefore un papers are not always respected or even recognized. this makes refugees vulnerable to exploitation, arrest and detention, and they can be in competition with the poorest local workers for the worst jobs. female, elderly, and children refugees are also vulnerable to rape, molestation, and sex trafficking. with the way international aid for refugees is structured, refugees living in large cities often struggle to find their way to unhcr and receive aid or services that are readily available in camps. it is also not easy for all refugees who live outside camps to earn a living. this can be due to racism, lack of local skills, jobs available, and language barriers. for example over 3. 5 million people in burma have been displaced by the ruling military junta and 147, 000 have fled to thailand. however, these refugees are not recognized and cannot earn income outside refugee camps. women especially lack access to training


governments start to rein in ivory and rhino horn trade, give sharks and timbers better protection at wildlife trade meeting countries, on the final day of the convention on the international trade of endangered species ( cites ), capped the historic two - week meeting by deciding for the first time to initiate a process requiring countries most implicated in illicit ivory trade to clamp down on smuggling. governments mandated china, kenya, malaysia, the philippines, thailand, uganda, tanzania and viet nam – the countries of highest concern in terms of their failure to clamp down on large - scale illegal ivory trade - to submit time - bound plans to deal with the problem in two months, and make progress before the next cites meeting in summer of 2014. under cites rules, failure by those countries to take action could lead to a compliance process potentially resulting in sanctions being initiated. the treaty allows cites to issue a recommendation that governments taking part in the treaty stop trading with non - compliant countries in the 35, 000 species covered under the convention, from orchids to crocodile skins. “ after years of inaction, governments today put those countries failing to regulate the ivory trade on watch, a move that will help stem the unfettered slaughter of thousands of african elephants, ” said carlos drews, wwf ’ s head of delegation at cites. “ the gains made to better protect species here in bangkok are a major milestone. ” “ but the fight to stop wildlife crime is not over, ” drews said. “ these countries will now be held accountable to these pledges, and must step up the urgency in dealing with the global poaching crisis that is ravaging our wildlife. ” the decisions to better regulate the ivory trade this week came after thai prime minister yingluck shinawatra on the opening day of the meeting announced she would shut down her country ’ s ivory markets. the prime minister ’ s pledge came after more than 1. 5 million people signed petitions by wwf, avaaz, and actor and conservationist leonardo dicaprio asking her to end the trading of ivory in thailand. governments also extended better protection to threatened rhinos by pledging to work against organized crime syndicates that are smuggling rhino horn through the black market by increasing penalties. in addition, countries adopted a plan to reduce demand for illegal wildlife products like rhino horn, which is believed wrongly to be a miracle cure in viet nam. nearly 700 south african rhinos were killed by poachers last year, and nearly 150 have died thus far in 2013. up to 30, 000 elephants are lost to po


horn, which is believed wrongly to be a miracle cure in viet nam. nearly 700 south african rhinos were killed by poachers last year, and nearly 150 have died thus far in 2013. up to 30, 000 elephants are lost to poaching every year. governments also reaffirmed the stronger protections for three species of hammerhead sharks, in addition to porbeagle sharks, oceanic whitetips, and two species of manta rays. the sharks and manta rays were listed on cites appendix ii, seeking to regulate their international trade at sustainable levels. “ this is an historic moment, where science has prevailed over politics, as sharks and manta rays are being obliterated from our oceans, ” drews said. “ this decision will put a major dent in the uncontrolled trade in shark meat and fins, which is rapidly destroying populations of these precious animals to feed the growing demand for luxury goods. ” “ these timely decisions to have trade in sharks and manta rays regulated by cites show that governments can muster the political will to keep our oceans healthy, securing food and other benefits for generations to come – and we hope to see similar action in the future to protect other commercially exploited and threatened marine species, both at the national and international level, ” drews said. negotiators also voted to ramp up trade regulations for several species of rosewood and ebony, which have been subjects of dangerous levels of illegal logging leading to deforestation, especially in madagascar.


so maybe you keep losing your keys, or the names of old acquaintances seem to escape you. for most people over 50, it ' s probably not cause for alarm. but if your forgetfulness is becoming more than a nuisance — you struggle with familiar tasks, you ' re not sure where you are or how you got there, your friends say you ' re repeating questions — some medical experts say you should get a " memory screen " : typically a five - minute test featuring such tasks as memorizing a series of words, manipulating numbers, and spelling words backward. the idea is to test not just your memory, but everything from language skills to overall thinking ability. the alzheimer ' s foundation of america, a nonprofit advocacy group, recommends these screenings to anyone with memory concerns. the foundation sponsors national memory screening day ( 866 - 232 - 8484 ) each november, when free screenings are offered at more than 2, 000 sites nationwide, including at many assisted living facilities. the test is no substitute for a medical diagnosis, but it can tip people off to early alzheimer ' s disease and other types of dementias, and nudge a patient to see a doctor who could prescribe a treatment plan to slow the progression of symptoms, if necessary. not all health organizations believe mass screenings are the way to go, however. the alzheimer ' s association, another nonprofit advocacy group, says such quick tests are not accurate diagnostic tools and could lead to false positives, scaring people for no reason. instead, the association encourages one - on - one consultations with doctors ( particularly for those over 65 ) and tells people to watch for ten specific warning signs ( to see the list, go to alz. org ; you can also call 800 - 272 - 3900 for the organization ' s 24 - hour help line ). those warning signs, says maria carrillo, ph. d., director of medical and scientific relations at the association, might include " forgetting how to say words for everyday objects, like ' toothbrush, ' and instead asking for ' the thing i use to brush my teeth. ' or, on your usual route from the grocery store, suddenly getting lost and not being able to find home. " carrillo advises patients to see a doctor familiar with the disease and to take along a loved one for support. a good specialist, she says, will walk a patient through a series of cognitive tests, and perhaps an mri or ct scan to rule out other problems, such as a stroke or a tumor.


electrical signals in your heart make the heart muscles contract, pumping blood through your body. if the electrical signals are not flowing well through the heart, this can create serious problems. an electrophysiology study is a test where electrode wires are passed through a blood vessel and into your heart. this electrode can record or create electrical activity. this can help find any problems with the flow of electricity in your heart. copyright © nucleus medical media, inc. an electrophysiology study is performed to : find the cause of abnormally slow heart rhythms ( bradycardias ) find the source of abnormally fast heart rhythms ( tachycardias ) provoke and diagnose heart ( irregular heart beats ) that occur infrequently - reveal suspected arrhythmias an electrophysiology study may also be used to assess : - risk for sudden death symptoms of unknown cause - response to anti - arrhythmic therapy need for a - need for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator ( destruction of some heart cells by freezing ) problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have some risk. your doctor will review potential problems, like : - excess bleeding - blot clots - injuries to blood vessels or the heart - abnormal heart rhythm - heart attack a person ’ s risk level is very individual. it may relate to the specific arrhythmia suspected and any underlying medical conditions. you doctor may order the following tests : talk to your doctor about any medications, herbs, or supplements you are taking. you may be asked to stop taking some medications up to one week before the procedure, like : or other anti - inflammatory drugs blood - thinning drugs, such as - anti - platelet drugs, such as clopidogrel do not eat or drink anything after midnight the day before your surgery, unless told otherwise by your doctor. a local anesthetic will be given by needle. it will numb the area where the catheter will be inserted. you will also receive a mild sedative through an iv in your arm. this will help you to relax during the test. you will be asked to lie down on an examination table. electrodes will be placed on your chest. the electrodes will help to monitor your heart rhythm during the test. an area on your thigh, neck, or just below your collarbone will be cleaned. a thin electrical wire will be inserted into a blood vessel in that area. the electrode will be passed through the blood vessel and into your heart.


during the test. an area on your thigh, neck, or just below your collarbone will be cleaned. a thin electrical wire will be inserted into a blood vessel in that area. the electrode will be passed through the blood vessel and into your heart. your doctor will be able to see the progress of the catheter with the help of x - rays on a screen. the tip of the electrode can send electrical signals to your heart. the signals will make the heart beat at different speeds. your heart rhythm will be recorded to look for abnormalities. the tip of the electrode can also record electrical activity at specific spots in your heart muscle. the length of the test will vary based on what your doctor is investigating. the test may take 2 - 4 hours or more to complete. if the doctors induce an arrhythmia, you may feel palpitations, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, or you may even lose consciousness. the medical team can usually control arrhythmias with medicines, but they may need to administer a shock to stop some rhythms. if they need to do this, you will receive more sedation so that you do not feel pain. if your doctor does not need to do additional procedures, you may be able to go home after about six hours. however, you may need to remain in the hospital for up to 24 hours if additional procedures are done during the study. - ecg and blood studies may be done. - you will likely need to lie still and flat on your back for a period of time. a pressure dressing may be placed over the area where the catheter was inserted to help prevent bleeding. it is important to follow the nurses ' directions. - you will need to rest in bed until the sedative has worn off. your heart rate and blood pressure will be monitored. you will also be checked for swelling or infections. if necessary, you may be given pain medicine. after resting for at least 4 - 6 hours, your doctor will let you know if you can go home that day or if you need to be admitted for more treatment or observation. if you are discharged on the same day as the test, you should have someone drive you home. the results of the study may be available before you leave the hospital or in the next few days. your doctor will notify you if you need any treatment. when you return home, do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery : - do not lift heavy objects or engage in strenuous exercise or sexual activity as directed


the next few days. your doctor will notify you if you need any treatment. when you return home, do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery : - do not lift heavy objects or engage in strenuous exercise or sexual activity as directed by your doctor. - change the dressing around the insertion area as instructed. - take medicines as instructed. - ice may help decrease discomfort at the insertion site. you may apply the ice for 15 - 20 minutes at a time. place a towel between the ice pack and your skin. be sure to follow your doctor ' s call your doctor if any of the following occurs : - signs of infection, including fever and chills - redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or any discharge from the insertion site - cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain - your leg feels cold, turns white or blue, or becomes numb or tingly - lightheadedness or weakness if you think you have an emergency, call for medical help right away. electrophysiology studies ( eps ). american heart association website. available at :. updated december 10, 2012. accessed may 6, 2013. electrophysiology study ( eps ). stanford medicine website. available at :. accessed may 6, 2013. electrophysiology studies. texas heart institute website. available at :. updated august 2012. accessed may 6, 2013. warning signs of a heart attack. american heart association website. available at :. updated march 22, 2013. accessed may 6, 2013. last reviewed may 2013 by michael j. fucci, do ; brian randall, md please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. it is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. call your healthcare provider immediately if you think you may have a medical emergency. always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. copyright © ebsco publishing. all rights reserved.


australian bureau of statistics 1301. 0 - year book australia, 2008 previous issue released at 11 : 30 am ( canberra time ) 07 / 02 / 2008 | page tools : print page rss search this product | energy conversion and supply losses the energy conversion sectors accounted for approximately three - quarters ( 4, 317 pj ) of total domestic energy use in 2005 - 06 ( diagram 19. 4 ). the energy conversion sectors ( including electricity generators, petroleum refiners, operators of coke ovens and blast furnaces, and gas manufacturers ) transform primary energy products into more useful, higher value - added derived energy products. for example, petroleum refiners transform crude oil into petroleum products such as petrol and diesel. the electricity generation and petroleum refining sectors are the two main users of energy. in 2005 - 06 these two conversion sectors used 2, 424 pj and 1, 432 pj respectively ( table 19. 12 ). since 2000 - 01, energy use by the electricity generation sector has increased by 12 % and energy use by the petroleum refining sector has declined by 17 %. derived energy products in 2005 - 06 australia produced 2, 461 pj of derived energy products ( diagram 19. 4 ). these products included thermal electricity ( 847 pj ), automotive gasoline ( 570 pj ), diesel ( 397 pj ), aviation turbine fuel ( 192 pj ) and coal products ( 164 pj ) ( table 19. 13 ). the production of derived energy remained essentially the same in 2005 - 06 as it was in 2000 - 01 ( 2, 461 pj in 2005 - 06 compared with 2, 454 pj in 2000 - 01 ). while the production of thermal energy increased from 740 pj to 847 pj ( up 15 % ) in this period, there was a fall in the production of all petroleum products - automotive gasoline ( down 13 % ), aviation turbine fuel ( down 11 % ), fuel oil ( down 38 % ), diesel ( down 25 % ) and briquettes ( down 79 % ). other coal products increased slightly - coke up 3. 4 % and coal by - products up 2. 7 %. significant energy losses are involved in the process of transforming primary energy resources into derived energy products and in the delivery of derived energy products to the market. in 2005 - 06, almost a third ( 1, 856 pj ) of the total energy available for domestic use was lost through the conversion processes and through distribution and transmission systems ( diagram 19.


the delivery of derived energy products to the market. in 2005 - 06, almost a third ( 1, 856 pj ) of the total energy available for domestic use was lost through the conversion processes and through distribution and transmission systems ( diagram 19. 4 ). energy end - use by sector in 2005 - 06 australia ' s end - users of energy, comprising households and industries ( excluding the conversion sectors ), used 3, 785 pj of energy, an increase of 12 % since 2000 - 01 ( table 19. 14 ). the transport sector was the largest end - user of energy, using 1, 316 pj in 2005 - 06. in 2005 - 06 road transport accounted for 78 % ( 1, 021 pj ) of the transport sector ' s energy use, with the remaining contributors being air transport ( 202 pj ), water transport ( 58 pj ) and rail transport ( 35 pj ). the manufacturing sector was the second highest user of energy ( 1, 209 pj ) in 2005 - 06. together with the transport sector, these two sectors account for 67 % of total energy end - use. this page last updated 3 june 2010 unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a creative commons attribution 2. 5 australia licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website copyright notice. for permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.


j is an eleven - year old boy who spent his first summer at camp last year. a good kid with a good heart, j seems socially inflexible and immature. for example, when it came to playing cards with others, j could only play by his rules. when other campers wanted to stick with the way the majority played the game, he felt left out and hurt by what he perceived as being excluded. this issue seemed to get worse as the behavior pattern repeated and his cabin mates grew more impatient. j simply did not understand that playing a game with different rules is not something to confront your friends about and that disrupting a game is not a way to make people happy with you. j did not have any significant change in his behavior, as he never internalized what he heard from many staff members. j and his entire cabin had an amazing summer and all are returning to camp. before re - enrolling, however, many parents wanted to talk about j, suggesting we not take him back or just move him. we do not turn kids away simply because they have some growing up to do. our position with parents is that this is a learning opportunity — not just for j, but for his bunkmates as well. difficult people seem ever - present no matter what your age, so learning to deal with them seems like a life lesson to us. that said, what do i say to j ’ s 2012 counselors to better prepare them for the summer? how do i present things better to j so he can begin to understand living in a group? what should be done and said to his bunkmates? is there anything i can do during the winter to help with this issue come june? worried in the woods first of all, i commend you for your clear and courageous stance with your camper parents. children are certainly a “ work in progress, ” and the learning here might not only be for j and his cabin mates, but for your parents as well. as much as they may want to, parents can ’ t always shield their children from life ’ s challenges. indeed, it would backfire if they could. their children would never develop the coping skills they need to succeed in life. j is an example of just the kind of youngster who would benefit from having a behavior plan, or agreement, in place well before he comes to camp. putting some things in place before the summer will help j be more successful at camp, and it will put his counselors for 2012 at greater ease knowing some


benefit from having a behavior plan, or agreement, in place well before he comes to camp. putting some things in place before the summer will help j be more successful at camp, and it will put his counselors for 2012 at greater ease knowing some forethought has been applied to helping them handle him. establishing an agreement or behavior plan sometime in the late spring can be extremely beneficial to j, but it must follow certain guidelines. to begin with, the child must be eager to come back to camp. trying to create an agreement with a child who is not committed to camp simply will not work. from what you say, j had a good summer in other ways and seems keen to return. so far, so good! the second requirement is that j ’ s parents need to be on board with the idea of having a behavior plan for j, and they must be involved in creating it. my suggestion is that you visit j at his home and talk about last summer. to do this, you will need to set up the visit ahead of time by reviewing j ’ s behavior with his parents on the phone and framing your visit as a way of coming up with a plan, or agreement, that will help j be more successful this summer. my guess is that j has probably displayed the behavior at school or with friends at home — not just at camp. presented in the right way, j ’ s parents will not only be on board with your plan, they will be relieved that you are taking extra steps to help him be more successful with his peers. after all, the whole idea behind such a plan is to help j be more successful. the next step is setting up what are called the “ target behaviors, ” or the things you would want j to be able to do or do differently this summer. again, parents should be aware of these details so they can reinforce the objectives with j between the time you create the plan and the time he comes to camp. in general, target behaviors should have the following four properties : - they should be stated in clear, simple, child - friendly terms ( what you actually want the camper to be doing and saying ). - they should be stated in positive terms as much as possible. - they should be stated in the first person, “ i will... ” - they should be limited to no more than three behaviors. since j needs help playing by the gener¬ally accepted rules of various games, the first target behavior would be, “ i will play by the rules that


i will... ” - they should be limited to no more than three behaviors. since j needs help playing by the gener¬ally accepted rules of various games, the first target behavior would be, “ i will play by the rules that are agreed upon before the start of the game. ” j ’ s endeavor to control the rules of the game is clearly an attempt on his part to increase his chances of winning. given this, you will need a second target behavior, such as, “ when i lose a game i will still be friendly with the other players. ” having spent a lot of time around youngsters who have a need to control the rules of games and play, i would expand that second target behavior to include winning gracefully. after all, if a child is overly concerned with winning and losing, chances are good they are not only sore losers, but “ sore winners ” as well. kids have an equally strong dislike of both. i can ’ t tell from your letter whether there were other issues that might be included in the list of target behaviors for j. for example, “ listening to his counselor and doing what his coun¬selor asks him to do ” is a typical target behavior for many campers. again, you don ’ t want to overwhelm a camper with too many target behaviors. if there are too many behaviors that a child needs help with, it may be that the child is simply not ready for camp. ( see my “ in the trenches ” column from the march / april 2010 issue of camping magazine for more on determining readiness for camp. ) listing too many target behaviors makes the agreement overwhelming and punitive to the child and harder for counselors to implement. now that you have identified the specific behaviors you want to help j master, which is his end of the bargain, you need to identify your end of the bargain. in j ’ s case, you might say that before he plays a game, his counselor will take him aside very briefly to clarify the rules of the game he is about to play and to encourage him to keep his promise to adhere to those rules and to win or lose gracefully. you might even consider having the counselor give j one of those plastic wristbands as a visible reminder of his goal. giving a camper the sup¬port of a trusted adult — someone who can encourage him, be proud of him, or prompt him — is an example of your end of the bargain and is a key component of a well - crafted behavior plan. to


camper the sup¬port of a trusted adult — someone who can encourage him, be proud of him, or prompt him — is an example of your end of the bargain and is a key component of a well - crafted behavior plan. to make the plan even more compel¬ling, it should also have both positive and negative consequences for compliance and lack of compliance, respectively. in your face - to - face meeting with j and his parents, ask him what he loves doing most at camp. think through some op¬tions that don ’ t involve food, and see if you can set it up that every time j is able to comply with his plan, he gets a point ( often represented by an actual “ ticket ” or sticker on a card ). if he gets, say, six points, he gets to do his favorite thing. many children pick things like extra water skiing, some one - on - one time with a favorite counselor, or getting first pick at an elective on a given day. with a little exploration, it isn ’ t too hard to come up with things that can serve as incentives for j if he can keep his end of the plan. likewise, the consequences that would come into play were j to “ mess up ” need to be clearly outlined so j and his parents know exactly what to expect. i also suggest making these consequences progressive. for example, if j gets into a struggle playing a game, the first conse¬quence would be that he would forfeit his right to play for one day and would get a “ positive pep talk ” from his counselor. if he can subsequently play and do well, he is “ off probation. ” if he continues to have a problem, the second - level consequence would be that his unit director would speak with him and his counselor — again, always striving to encourage him to turn it around and be successful. the third level of consequence would be to call his parents and explain his behav¬ior. a fourth level might be that he goes home for three days, thinks about things, and returns with a renewed determina¬tion to work harder to master his plan. obviously, this step is only practical if the child lives within a certain distance from camp. the final consequence would be to go home for the rest of the summer. with solid support from a caring counselor, many campers are able to achieve mastery over their behavior without triggering consequences. this is especially true when a year has passed, since many children do a


would be to go home for the rest of the summer. with solid support from a caring counselor, many campers are able to achieve mastery over their behavior without triggering consequences. this is especially true when a year has passed, since many children do a lot of growing up in a year and often return to camp more mature and in a better position to participate in an agreement. some campers are so happy and relieved to be able to come back to camp that they don ’ t need incentives or rewards. for them, simply being at camp is reward enough. the final point in the plan is to have a chance to speak with j ’ s cabin mates at the beginning of the session. done properly, it can help j ’ s peers be more patient and more supportive toward him. the key is to have this conversation when j is not present ( otherwise it would be too embarrassing for him ) and to be generous in your description. i might say something like the following : we all know that no one likes to lose. everyone likes it better when they play a game and win. that said, we all know that in the past, j has had an even harder time sticking to the rules. why he has such extra trouble with this isn ’ t important. what is important is that you know that j wants to work on this extra hard this summer and we are trying to help him do that. we understand how annoying it can be when anyone breaks the rules, and we appreciate you giving j a fresh start. if he messes up in the beginning, we will handle it quietly off to the side. what we are asking you for is to give him a fresh start and be patient with him as he tries to get better at this. everyone will have the chance to show some character by how patient and supportive you can be around this. and if it really starts to bother you, come talk to one of your counselors. getting it off your chest can help you be more patient, so that ’ s a good thing. let me point out that in speaking with j ’ s cabin mates, you should describe j ’ s behavior in terms they can easily relate to and avoid labels, which will get you into trouble. you make it clear you ’ re on top of the situation and that j himself recognizes the need to change. acknowledge their possible frustration and give them an outlet for it. the final task is to explain the agreement to j ’ s counselors during staff training. in his case, given that his behavior the previous summer was so


locked away in fossils is evidence of a sudden solar cooling. kate ravilious meets the experts who say it could explain a 3, 000 - year - old mass migration – and today ’ s global warming. just under 3, 000 years ago, a group of horse - riding nomads, known as the scythians, started to venture east and west across the russian steppes. at about the same time, african farmers began to explore their continent, and dutch farmers abandoned their land and moved east. all over the world people became restless and started to move – but why? archaeologists have never found a clear answer, but now one scientist thinks the explanation may lie on the surface of the sun. this idea of solar activity causing fluctuations in the earth ’ s climate has been kicking around for some time, largely in relation to past climate changes such as the little ice age, medieval warm period, etc., but was eclipsed ( heh, that pun wasn ’ t intended ) by the recent anthropogenic hypothesis. several researchers have been exploring this in some detail, see for example : rozelot, j. p. 2001. possible links between the solar radius variations and the earth ’ s climate evolution over the past four centuries. journal of atmospheric and solar - terrestrial physics 63 : 375 - 386. parker, e. n. 1999. sunny side of global warming. nature 399 : 416 - 417. update on old story researchers find signs of grain milling, baking 23, 000 years ago archaeologists have found strong evidence that wheat and barley were refined into cereals 23, 000 years ago, suggesting that humans were processing grains long before hunter - gatherer societies developed agriculture. the findings, including the identification of the earliest known oven and hence the oldest evidence of baking, were described in a recent issue of the journal nature. “ this is an observation of key progress in human society, as the beginning of baking was likely a major step forward in nutrition, ” says author ehud weiss, a postdoctoral researcher in harvard university ’ s department of anthropology and peabody museum. “ our work also provides evidence that ancient people held important knowledge that survives to this day. ten thousand years before agriculture developed, humans recognized the value of cereals. ” well, we ’ re not sure what to make of this. certainly, no one believes that the first time people started using grains was also the same time they domesticated them and developed full - fledged agriculture. generally, it ’ s been known for some time that hunter - gather


sure what to make of this. certainly, no one believes that the first time people started using grains was also the same time they domesticated them and developed full - fledged agriculture. generally, it ’ s been known for some time that hunter - gatherers were using wild cereals to some extent as a food source, without actual full - scale production and domestication. eh, read it and make of it what you will. early humans lived in northern china about 1. 66 million years ago, according to research reported in the journal nature this week. the finding suggests humans – characterized by their making and use of stone tools – inhabited upper asia almost 340, 000 years before previous estimates placed them there, surviving in a pretty hostile environment. the research team, including richard potts of the smithsonian institution ’ s national museum of natural history, reports the results of excavating four layers of sediments at majuangou in north china. all the layers contained indisputable stone tools apparently made by early humans, known to researchers as “ hominins. ” the top layer, located at about 43. 3 - 45. 0 meters deep in the earth ’ s soil, contains the oldest known record of hominin stone tools, dating back to 1. 32 million years ago. but the fourth and deepest layer, in which potts and his team also found stone tools, is about 340, 000 years older than that. see? 1. 6 million years ago we can find undisputed stone tools, but for some reason the pre - clovis people in north america could barely knock some rocks together. archaeologists to the rescue hi - tech bid to find ancient treasures there is something missing from the ornate church in one of norfolk ’ s most picture - perfect villages. twelve stone apostles and one stone jesus christ were stripped from it during henry viii ’ s reformation, so folklore goes, before being thrown into the nearby harbour in a bout of religious fervour. now the residents of cley, in north norfolk, want them back. but instead of relying on divine inspiration, the very traditional village is turning towards rather hi - tech methods to sniff them out. she was one of the most beautiful women of her time, who won the heart of a king to become france ’ s first officially recognised royal mistress. but when agnes sorel died in agony at the age of 28, rumours began to circulate that she had been murdered. the lover of charles vii, sorel enraged the king ’ s son and heir, the


accessmylibrary provides free access to millions of articles from top publications available through your library. under the right conditions, all children can become more creative thinkers and problem solvers. in this program, students learn strategies for innovative thinking while unlocking " the secret of the volcano. " how do we help children expand their creativity? during the past 25 years, educators have designed many instructional programs in an effort to develop the creative potential of preschool and primary school children. reviews of research on the effectiveness of these programs, however, are discouraging ; most programs did not appear to produce a notable increase in children ' s creative abilities ( mayer 1983 ). this lack of experimental support gives rise to doubts about the extent to which instructional techniques can improve creativity. before accepting this skeptical conclusion, however, let ' s examine five assumptions - ideas i believe are limiting and misleading - shared by many of the methods that have not proven effective. * children are blank slates ; they have no ideas or opinions about creative strategies and must be taught how to be creative. * creativity is a unique mental skill ; thus, learning this single skill will boost creativity. for example, brainstorming - perhaps the best - known creativity technique focuses on the abundant production of unusual ideas in order to promote innovation. * children who are instructed with artificial materials ( such as puzzles and riddles ) are able to spontaneously transfer creative strategies from the training environment to everyday situations. for example, covington, crutchfield, and davis ( 1966 ) based their training on detective stories that children solve by applying a given strategy ; they hoped that students could apply the same strategy in real - life situations. * children will learn to think creatively if they …


england and scotland are presently debating the terms of a referendum in 2014 that could see scotland leave the united kingdom. two years after that vote, however, scottish and english energy networks will become significantly better connected. hvdc link is a unique project establishing many firsts for interconnectors around the world. costing around £1 billion to install, it will be the first grid interconnector below the sea ever to use high voltage direct current. it will become the longest 2, 200mw capacity hvdc cable in the world and will be the first to operate at 600kv. project is set to break boundaries in several regards as it seeks to meet a significant need for greater grid capacity across the uk. with large scale development of renewable energy capacity in scotland, the challenge is to grow transmission capacity between scotland and england, where large population centres consume much of the energy produced. this challenge is pressing as the two existing overhead lines that cross the border are running at capacity already. this project will help to meet that need, but must also face the problem of significant transmission loss that can occur over a 420km cable. the 600kv voltage level is designed to help bring the loss down to just three percent. the more conventional 400kv a. c level used in connectors would risk losing three times that level. there are also projected cost benefits to raising the voltage level from the previous highest example of 500kv to 600kv. this can enable the cable to handle a greater electrical capacity without the need for a wider diameter of copper, saving on the cost of an expensive raw material. national grid electricity transmission and scottish power transmission have commissioned the order and aim to see cable installation along the route and construction of converter stations in hunterston in ayrshire and connah ’ s quay in ten north of wales. however, with flintshire county council rejecting the planning application for connah ’ s quay on 8 february, it remains to be seen how proposals for the southern converter station will adjust. itself will run under the irish sea through the area designated by the crown estate as zone nine. zone nine is part of round three of the off - shore wind programme and rights to the area were granted to centrica energy renewable investments limited. western hvdc in numbers - €1. 1 billion – the contract awarded for establishing the link - 2, 200mw – the capacity of the new hvdc cable - 600, 000 – the voltage level of the new interconnector - 420km – the length


glucose - 6 - phosphate - dehydrogenase ( g6pd ) deficiency is an inherited disease that can cause anemia, or a low red blood cell count. g6pd deficiency occurs when a person doesn ' t have enough of an enzyme called glucose - 6 - phosphate - dehydrogenase. this enzyme is important in metabolism. red blood cells, which carry oxygen, don ' t get enough energy when g6pd is lacking. the red blood cells die too soon in this condition, which can cause anemia. anemia can be mild or severe and is often triggered suddenly by illness, foods, or certain medications. some people with g6pd deficiency have no symptoms at all. in others, the symptoms and signs can range from mild to severe, and may include : newborn jaundice, an abnormal yellow color of the skin and eyes that is present at or shortly after birthan enlarged spleen or liver hemolytic crisis is a group of symptoms that occur when many red blood cells suddenly die all at once. the symptoms that result include : weaknesspain in the abdomen or backjaundicedark urinefever and chillssevere fatiguetachycardia, or a rapid heartbeatlow blood pressurekidney failure, known as acute renal failurecongestive heart failure, a condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively throughout the bodyshock g6pd deficiency is inherited on the x chromosome. females have two x chromosomes but males have one x and one y chromosome. this disease is therefore called " x - linked " and usually only occurs in men. this is because men only need to inherit one abnormal gene to get the disease. women, on the other hand, have to inherit two abnormal genes to get the disease. in the us, a mild form of g6pd deficiency is very common in blacks. those from the eastern mediterranean region are at a higher risk for a more severe form of g6pd deficiency. sudden attacks of g6pd deficiency, or a hemolytic crisis, can be caused by : any serious illnessfava beans, in the more rare forms of g6pd deficiencysulfa medications, such as sulfamethoxazole, an antibioticcertain medications used to treat malaria, such as primaquinenitrofurantoin ( i. e., macrobid, macrodantin ), an antibioticaspirin, which doesn ' t usually cause a problem in people with the common form of g6pd deficiency g6pd


primaquinenitrofurantoin ( i. e., macrobid, macrodantin ), an antibioticaspirin, which doesn ' t usually cause a problem in people with the common form of g6pd deficiency g6pd deficiency is an inherited disease, so it cannot be prevented. genetic counseling may be helpful to couples with a family history of the disease. the diagnosis of g6pd deficiency is suspected when jaundice and anemia occur. blood tests, including a complete blood count or cbc and a blood chemistry tests, are done to show that red blood cells have died in large numbers. a specific diagnosis can be made by measuring of the amount of g6pd enzyme activity in red blood cells. this blood test can tell whether the amount of g6pd is abnormally low. in some cases, a blood test called protein electrophoresis may need to be done to confirm the diagnosis. some people may have a mild form of g6pd deficiency with no long - term effects. children with severe forms of this disease may have growth problems. these children may need constant monitoring and treatment. some long - term problems include an enlarged spleen or liver and the need for blood transfusions. severe, sudden attacks of red cell breakdown can result in kidney damage, congestive heart failure, shock, and even death. this is uncommon in the variety of g6pd deficiency seen in the us. most affected people in the us can lead a normal life if they are able to avoid the medications and illnesses that cause sudden red blood cell death. g6pd deficiency is not contagious, but an abnormal g6pd gene can be passed on to children, who may or may not get the disease. most people with g6pd deficiency do not need regular treatment. the genetic defect cannot be cured. if a hemolytic crisis occurs, a person usually needs short - term treatment. if a medication caused the attack, the person should stop taking that medication right away. other treatment is directed at the person ' s needs. this may include oxygen, fluids, or medications to treat problems such as congestive heart failure or chronic renal failure. blood transfusions may be needed in some cases. some people may need surgery to have their spleen taken out if it gets too big. a treatment called iron chelation therapy may be needed if iron overload occurs. this therapy helps the body get rid of excess iron. these treatments help with complications of g6pd deficiency, but they do not


taken out if it gets too big. a treatment called iron chelation therapy may be needed if iron overload occurs. this therapy helps the body get rid of excess iron. these treatments help with complications of g6pd deficiency, but they do not fix or cure the disease. blood transfusions may cause allergic reactions or infections. having many transfusions can lead to infections. it may also lead to iron overload, a condition in which there is too much iron in the body. surgery carries a risk of bleeding, infection, or allergic reaction to the anesthesia. iron chelation therapy may cause allergic reactions and stomach upset. most affected people in the us have mild forms of g6pd deficiency. these people often need no treatment other than to avoid certain medications. when they become ill, closer monitoring or treatment may be needed. those with severe forms of g6pd deficiency often need close monitoring and treatment for life. g6pd deficiency is monitored with blood tests, such as cbc and blood chemistry tests. these can detect anemia or blood cell death and response to therapy. the disease does not generally get worse or improve with age. any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare professional. harrison ' s principles of internal medicine, 1998, fauci et al.


in the past few weeks i ’ ve shared a few examples of how science is gradually opening up. we ’ ve had the likes of harvard using crowdsourcing methods in their research into diabetes. in a similar vein was pcori project from michigan, that aims to get patients involved in the medical research process more than they currently do in their role as pharmaceutical guinea pigs. or you ’ ve got the german based social network for scientists to hang out on and collaborate on projects. whilst the bulk of the science done around the world remains very much in the old school, these kind of efforts do represent an interesting shift. adding their considerable grist to the mill in the past few days has been mozilla. they ’ ve announced the launch of the mozilla science lab. it ’ s a project that they hope will apply the open source principles that much of the web was founded upon to scientific endeavour. the aim of the science lab is to foster an ongoing dialogue between the open web community and researchers to tackle this challenge. together they ’ ll share ideas, tools and best practices for using next - generation web solutions to solve real problems in science, and explore ways to make research faster, more agile and collaborative. so in other words, they want to encourage the kind of open and collaborative tools that i highlighted at the start of this post. their initial goals are of the low hanging fruit variety. they ’ re teaming up with software carpentry to try and improve the digital skills amongst those in the science community. it leads me to wonder if they ’ re playing catch - up a bit on a community that is already making great use of social tools in their research. as the saying goes, the future already exists, it ’ s just unevenly distributed, and there are already plenty of positive deviants out there doing great things. hopefully mozilla can help spread the awareness of those isolated projects, and aid the more mainstream science community in following suit. you can keep up to date with the project via their twitter feed – http : / / twitter. com / mozillascience


drought in 2013 : major pains ahead? in 2012, the drought ' s biggest effects were on the surface. now if the drought continues as we head into 2013, those agricultural implications will likely unfold into deeper ones, figuratively and literally. experts at the national drought mitigation center in lincoln, nebraska, are looking ahead to 2013 with a close eye on how the drought will unfold and what it will mean to both crop prospects and the condition of the soils in which those crops are planted. thus far, the drought ' s effects have been mostly in the top tiers of the soil and what ' s growing there : wheat, corn, and forage yields were hit hard, and that alone has had implications beyond the field, namely in the prices fetched for the commodities in shortest supply. but 2012 began with a fuller soil moisture profile than today. that ' s got some experts bracing for more serious effects on the landscape if the historic flash drought ( one whose effects are felt immediately instead of the more typical slow - moving natural disaster ) continues. " the previous five years all had above - normal precipitation, the wettest period in recorded history, ” says michael hayes, director of the national drought mitigation center ( ndmc ) at the university of nebraska. " for nebraska, it was unprecedented. we came into 2012 with a full hydrological system - - rivers, streams, reservoirs, and groundwater. when you ’ re talking major droughts, this is not a multiyear drought. as we look ahead to 2013, we don ’ t have that margin built into our hydrological system, so we ’ re in pretty dire straits. ” adds ndmc drought resources specialist kelly smith : " the first wave of drought impacts has been agricultural. the winter wheat crop outlook across the great plains has been reduced, and ranchers are scrambling to find feed for cattle. hay prices have risen, likely meaning bigger grocery bills as meat and dairy prices climb in response. the second wave of impacts is often hydrological. it is likely [ the mississippi and missouri river ] basins are going to be fairly dry through winter and into next year. " slim recovery chances just in the last few days of 2012, moisture has moved through parts of the plains and midwest in the form of snow. while that did put a small dent in the drought conditions in places like iowa, the drought that ' s impacted about 60 % of the contiguous u. s. doesn ' t loosen its grip until you move east into parts of indiana and ohio. and


| jamaicavm 3. 2 — user documentation : the virtual machine for realtime and embedded systems | | prev | | chapter 14. debugging with eclipse | | next | before you are able to debug your project, the code needs to compile and run cleanly. you first need to create a run configuration for your application and to make sure that it starts properly. next, you need to set up the debug configuration in a similar way using the run > debug... menu. you also need to select the class to be used as the main java class by the debugger ( see also figure 14 - 2 ). you can have as many debug configurations for a single project as you wish. when the debugger is started ( from run > debug... ), it is opened in a new window, and you are ready to start debugging. when you launch your application for debugging, eclipse automatically switches to the debug perspective. the most common debugging procedure is undoubtedly to set breakpoints that will allow the inspection of variables and the values inside conditional statements or loops. to set breakpoints in the package explorer view of the java perspective, double - click the selected source code file to open it in an editor. walk through the code and place your cursor on the marker bar ( along the left edge of the editor area ) on the line including the suspected code. double - click to set the breakpoint ( see also figure 14 - 3 ). now start the debugging session from the run > debug... menu. it is important not to put multiple statements on a single line because you cannot step over or set line breakpoints on more than one statement on the same line. the variables view ( in the display window ) displays the values of the variables in the selected stack frame ( see figure 14 - 4 ). to view a requested variable, simply expand the tree in the variables view until you can see the requested element. you can also watch variables in the variables view as you step through the code in the debug view. when the debugger stops at a breakpoint, you can continue the debugger session by selecting the step over option from the run > debug... menu ( see figure 14 - 5 ). this steps over the highlighted line of code and continues execution at the next line in the same method ( or it will continue in the method


the step over option from the run > debug... menu ( see figure 14 - 5 ). this steps over the highlighted line of code and continues execution at the next line in the same method ( or it will continue in the method from which the current method was called ). to suspend the execution of threads in the debug view, select a running thread and click the suspend button in the debug view toolbar. the current call stack for the thread is displayed, and the current line of execution is highlighted in the editor in the debug perspective. when a thread is suspended, the cursor is placed over a variable in the java editor and the value of that variable is displayed in a small hovering window. also, the top stack frame of the thread is automatically selected and the visible variables in that stack frame are displayed in the variables view. you can examine the appropriate variable in the variables view by clicking its name. the eclipse debugger offers an interesting option for debugging remote applications. it can connect to a remote vm running a java application and attach it to the internal debugger. working with a remote debugging session is for the most part similar to local debugging. however, a remote debugging configuration requires different settings in the run > debug... window. you need to first select the remote java application entry in the left - hand view and then click the new button. a new remote launch configuration is created and three tabs are shown : connect, source, and common. in the project field of the connect tab, select which project to use as a reference for the launch ( for source code lookup ). in the host field of the connect tab, type the ip address or domain name of the remote host where the java program is running. in the port field of the connect tab, type the port where the remote vm is accepting connections. generally, this port is specified when the remote vm is launched. select the allow termination of remote vm option when you want the debugger to determine whether the terminate command is available in a remote session. select this option if you want to be able to terminate the vm to which you are connecting. now when you select the debug option, the debugger attempts to connect to a remote vm at the specified address and port, and the result is displayed in the debug view. if the launcher is unable to connect to a vm at the specified


science fair project encyclopedia knot theory is a branch of topology that was inspired by observations, as the name suggests, of knots. but progress in the field no longer depends on experiments with twine. knot theory concerns itself with abstract properties of theoretical knots — the spatial arrangements that in principle could be assumed by a loop of string. in mathematical jargon, knots are embeddings of the closed circle in three - dimensional space. an ordinary knot is converted to a mathematical knot by splicing its ends together. the topological theory of knots asks whether two such knots can be rearranged to match, without opening the splice. the question of untying an ordinary knot has to do with unwedging tangles of rope pulled tight. a knot can be untied in the topological theory of knots if and only if it is equivalent to the unknot, a circle in 3 - space. knot theory originated in an idea of lord kelvin ' s ( 1867 ), that atoms were knots of swirling vortices in the æther ( also known as ' ether ' ). he believed that an understanding and classification of all possible knots would explain why atoms absorb and emit light at only the discrete wavelengths that they do ( i. e. explain what we now understand to depend on quantum energy levels ). scottish physicist peter tait spent many years listing unique knots under the belief that he was creating a table of elements. when ether was discredited through the michelson - morley experiment, vortex theory became completely obsolete, and knot theory fell out of scientific interest. only in the past 100 years, with the rise of topology, have knots become a popular field of study. today, knot theory is inextricably linked to particle physics, dna replication and recombination, and to areas of statistical mechanics. an introduction to knot theory creating a knot is easy. begin with a one - dimensional line segment, wrap it around itself arbitrarily, and then fuse its two free ends together to form a closed loop. one of the biggest unresolved problems in knot theory is to describe the different ways in which this may be done, or conversely to decide whether two such embeddings are different or the same. the unknot, and a knot equivalent to it before we can do this, we must decide what it means for embeddings to be " the same ". we consider two embeddings of a loop to be the same if we can get from one to the other by


to it before we can do this, we must decide what it means for embeddings to be " the same ". we consider two embeddings of a loop to be the same if we can get from one to the other by a series of slides and distortions of the string which do not tear it, and do not pass one segment of string through another. if no such sequence of moves exists, the embeddings are different knots. a useful way to visualise knots and the allowed moves on them is to project the knot onto a plane - think of the knot casting a shadow on the wall. now we can draw and manipulate pictures, instead of having to think in 3d. however, there is one more thing we must do - at each crossing we must indicate which section is " over " and which is " under ". this is to prevent us from pushing one piece of string through another, which is against the rules. to avoid ambiguity, we must avoid having three arcs cross at the same crossing and also having two arcs meet without actually crossing ( we would say that the knot is in general position with respect to the plane ). fortunately a small perturbation in either the original knot or the position of the plane is all that is needed to ensure this. in 1927, working with this diagrammatic form of knots, j. w. alexander and g. b. briggs, and independently kurt reidemeister, demonstrated that two knot diagrams belonging to the same knot can be related by a sequence of three kinds of moves on the diagram, shown right. these operations, now called the reidemeister moves, are : - twist and untwist in either direction. - move one loop completely over another. - move a string completely over or under a crossing. knot invariants can be defined by demonstrating a property of a knot diagram which is not changed when we apply any of the reidemeister moves. some very important invariants can be defined in this way, including the jones polynomial. you can unknot any circle in four dimensions. there are two steps to this. first, " push " the circle into a 3 - dimensional subspace. this is the hard, technical part which we will skip. now imagine temperature to be a fourth dimension to the 3 - dimensional space. then you could make one section of a line cross through the other by simply warming it with your fingers. two knots can be added by breaking the circles and connecting the pairs of ends. knots in 3 - space form


science fair project encyclopedia st. stephen ' s day december 26, the day following christmas day, is called st. stephen ' s day in ireland, and is a public holiday. it commemorates st. stephen, the first christian martyr or protomartyr. in irish it is called la fheile stiofan or la an dreoilin — the latter translates literally as another english name used, the " day of the wren " or wren ' s day. this name alludes to several irish legends linking episodes in the life of jesus to the wren. in parts of ireland persons carrying either an effigy of a wren, or an actual caged wren, travel from house to house playing music, singing and dancing. depending on which region of the country, they are called wrenboys, mummers or strawboys. a mummer ' s festival is held at this time every year in the village of new inn, co. galway. st stephen ' s day is also a popular day for visiting family members. a popular rhyme, known to many irish children and sung at each house visited by the mummers goes as follows : - the wren, the wren, the king of all birds, - on st. stephen ' s day was caught in the furze, - up with the penny and down with the pan, - give us a penny to bury the wren. the contents of this article is licensed from www. wikipedia. org under the gnu free documentation license. click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details