The Snows of Ganymede by Poul Anderson (American, 1958)

Summary:
The story begins with three men, among them Hall Davenant, plodding across the surface of Ganymede, trying to find refuge before they run out of oxygen. 
  Soon, we realize that these men and some others are from the Order of Planetary Engineers who were in charge of a terraforming survey in X in Ganymede.
  Once the engineers are on Ganymede, they learn that odd things are going on. The rulers of X, a group of racists from the former White American Party, seem uncertain of cooperating and letting the terraforming project continue. In a spooky religious ceremony, Hall witnesses the murder of one of the leaders. The engineers get arrested then they desperately escape. while fleeing, they are hopelessly looking for help. They find a group of outlaws and an abandoned spaceship. Hall goes back to X force the rules to make a deal, setting his terms, warning them to better help. Otherwise, there would be consequences. It is revealed the true purpose of the Order of Planetary Engineers.

Another summary:
The book narrates the story of a survey operation on Jupiter for a possible “terraforming” that would modify the land for it to have ideal conditions for human life, in a future where life on other planets is already happening. The mission runs under the command of the Order of Planetary Engineers, who assign five engineers to accomplish the mission. When they arrive on Jupiter, the engineers have to work hand in hand with the White Church, the ruler society of the community living on that planet. Soon, the Engineers discover that another organization, the Psychotechnic Institute, is seeking to take over the religiously fanatic White Church control to establish a more rational society. Right after they discover the plot, the engineers are imprisoned in their room and then decide to escape from there. After escaping, only two out of the five members survive and contact an outlaw community that allows them to build a ship to reach the spaceship the engineers left in space. Once on the ship, Hall Davenant, one of the survivors, agrees with the Pyschotecnic people and the outlaws to overthrow The White Church and create a new order that would live peacefully and allow the terraforming process.

Another summary:
The story starts with three men walking across the snow. They only had oxygen left for 2 hours, so one of them, Yamagata, sacrificed himself so the other two, Davenant and Kruse, could have more time.
 The Abbey was a training school of the Order for Planetary Engineers. Davenant met Lyell, who was the captain of the new mission on Jupiter. Lyell explained why The Order was non-political and why it had to remain that way. He was concerned about the mission because the Jovian society did not like them. He made it clear that the Planetary Engineers existed to serve all mankind.
 The Jovians were an isolated and unknown tribe. Part of their job was to investigate Jupiter and its real history. When they arrived on Jupiter, they had to adapt to the planet's conditions, and they found that people there were really weird. A man named Halleck received them. Lyell said that they made a mistake by bringing Yuan and Yamagata as there was racial prejudice. Lyell explained to these people that they were a survey group with the intention of transforming Ganymede and Callisto to make them habitable as they had done with other planets. While studying this planet they discovered there were microphones behind the walls and that the Jovians did not trust them.
 Davenant started to learn about their society and considered there was no “humanity”. The Jovians were divided into Angels and Cincs. The Angels were the priesthood, the intellectual and artistic class, while the Cincs were the rulers. He also found out later that the Psychotechs were the real rulers and manipulators. Lyell told the group to stay out of it as it was a political matter. They started to worry more and more about this society. 
 Cinc-three arrested them and wanted to kill them, but they managed to escape on some rockets. Some of them died when they landed on an unknown place full of snow. This is where the story started. Another two men attacked Kruse and Davenant and took them to their village, The Outlaw, the members of this place were considered barbarians, but finally, they were allies and helped get revenge from the Jovians. Davenant threatened to bomb the city of Ganymede and convinced them to install a new order.
 Kruse and Davenant realized that they entered political matters, which they were not supposed to as members of The Order, and that they would probably get punished.

World view: Describes in a variety of aspects and with some consistency an imaginary state or society which is regarded as better, in some respects at least, than the one in which its author lives.
Future projections: It’s a fearful prediction of the possible outcomes of today’s actions. Thus, it warns us against the terrible disasters (e.g. overpopulation, war, climate change) which would follow if there is no change in direction.
Ideology: The majority is oppressed by a ruling elite or an individual powergroup that come to dominate society to their own interests.
Characters, plot and writing style: The story features a rebellion against the adverse circumstances (revolutionaries may exploit newer technologies for these ends).
Classification: Non-dystopia