The Word for World is Forest by Ursula K. Le Guin (American, 1976)

Summary:
Humans from Terra (Planet Earth) have landed on Athshe and have renamed it as New Haiti. Athshe is completely covered with woods, in which the native Athsheans live; but the arrival of the Terrans has endangered their peaceful way of living.
 Terrans arrive at New Haiti with the purpose of colonizing the planet and exploit the prime matter. In Terra they have ran out of trees and woods and that is why Terrans need the Athshean woods for their survival. In order to increase the exports of prime matter, the Athsheans are enslaved and brutalized. Even though the Terrans refuse to regard the natives as human beings, the colonizers overlook the raping of native women with the appearance of Athshean humanoids.
 When one of these assaults ends in the death of the native Thele, her husband, Selver, against the peaceful nature of the Athshean, attacks the rapist, Don Davidson, which ignites the hostility between species. Selver manages to convince his people that the Terran madness will destroy Athshe, which makes it necessary to free themselves from them. While Selver is planning a pacific way of making the Terrans go back to their own planet, Davidson raids the villages near his military camp, defying his superiors’ order of not making the conflict worse. Davidson’s attacks force the natives, under Selver’s leadership, to counterattack. Besides outnumbering the Terrans, the Athshean know their planet well, which enables them to take most of the colonizers as prisoners. Unfortunately, those under Davidson’s command insist on killing all the natives, and they are forced to fight them. Once Davidson’s camp has been destroyed, the Athshean make contact with a Terran ship for it to evacuate their people. Although the Athsehan manage to take their planet back, in fighting the Terrans they have learned violence and how easy it is to take the lives of their fellow citizens.

Another summary:
The story starts with Captain Davidson, the commander of the Smith Camp located in New Tahiti, on the planet Athshe. The planet Athshe is ruled by the planet Hain, who have enslaved all the Athsheans (small creatures very similar to humans except that they are covered with a green fur and are mostly non-aggressive) to work on the forest in order to obtain wood--a very expensive material on Hain and on Terra--and as personal servants. 
 Davidson is on his way to Centralville to check on the new arrivals, all of the women, with the hope to have a sexual encounter. Once his business is done he returns to the camp, but he discovers that the camp has been burnt to the ground and all the humans are dead. While checking everything, he comes face to face with four Athsheans. He recognizes one called Selver who used to work with the anthropologist Raj Lyubov. Selver attacks Davidson because he raped and murdered his wife a few months ago. Davidson is about to die but Lyubov appears and stops Selver. Selver and the others set Lyubov and Davidson free with the warning that the rest of the camps will be burned down too. 
 After several days of recovering from his injuries, Selver appears in an Athshean camp and warns them about the Terrans, about how ruthless they are, how they are going to use them as slaves, and how they are going to destroy everything. The war starts. 
 Meanwhile, in Centralville, there is an emergency meeting in order to come up with a solution for this rebellion. Lyubov says that although his first founding party prooved that Athsheans were very easy going, the conditions they were facing set off the rebellion. Everyone argues while they say that the administration back on Terra has changed and now they do not know how to proceed. After a call to Terra, they decide that the planet should be set free from slavery and Davidson should be punished. 
 Davidson ignores this instruction and sets off to attack the Athsheans without permission. 
 Lyubov visits the Athsheans in order to see Selver, however Selver denies his visit and warns him to leave Centralville since they were going to attack it. Two nights later, Selver and the rest of the Athsheans attack Centralville and claim that the rebellion was Davidson's fault, something that the rest of the people did not know. Selver and the survivors decide on peace, as long as a ship comes from Terra to pick them up. Everyone agrees but Davidson attacks. After several weeks, Davidson’s camp is attacked and everyone dies but him and two others. They try to run away in a helicopter, however, it is taken down. Everyone dies except Davidson. Davidson is taken to Selver to be killed, but Selver refuses this option and instead Davison is sent to an island where no Terran can enter. 
 Three years later a ship from Terra arrives and leaves with the promise that no one except explorers and scientists will visit the planet. Selver is now the leader.

Another summary:
Captain Davidson is the commander of a logging camp named Smith camp, on a planet named Athshe, which they call New Tahiti. He has the objective of using this camp as a source of wood, which has become scarce on Earth (“Terra”) and is even more valuable than gold. The new human colony that lives there, has enslaved the native Athsheans (which they call “creechies”) as their servants at the camp.
 One day, Davidson travels to Centralville (the headquarters of the colony), hoping to have an encounter with a shipment of women that have just arrived at the predominantly male colony. 
 When Davidson returns to the camp, he finds it has been burned down by the Astheans and all of the humans are dead. After he lands to investigate, four Athsheans approach him. He recognizes Selver, an Athshean who used to be a servant in Centralville, and Raj Lyubov, the colony anthropologist, who is now Selever’s interpreter. 
 In the meantime, Davidson finds out that Selver is now the leader of the revolution of the Atsheans, in revenge of slavery and the fact that Davidson raped Selver's wife Thele, who died during the assault.
 After that, the alien emissaries discuss the massacre of the human colony in Smith Camp, and Raj Lyubov convinces them that the cause of such an event is the excessive abuse and mistreatment to the native Athsheans, so finally the League orders to release all of them.
 Davidson decides not to follow these orders and leads further attacks against Athshean towns in revenge, to which Selver responds by attacking Centralville again, killing many humans, including Lyubov. 
 By the end of the story, Davidson is captured by Selver and is abandoned on a lifeless area of the planet, forcing the entire human colony to leave Athshe as well.
 Years later, Selver delivers Lyubov’s anthropological documents and realizes that before the humans came, the Athsheans had never known murder and now his people’s nature has changed abruptly.

World view: The world portrayed in the story is an hypothetical society which seems to be worse than the one the author lives in.
Future projections: It’s a fearful prediction of the possible outcomes of today’s actions. Thus, it warns us against the terrible disasters (e.g. overpopulation, war, climate change) which would follow if there is no change in direction.
Ideology: The majority is oppressed by a ruling elite or an individual powergroup that come to dominate society to their own interests.
Characters, plot and writing style: The story features a rebellion against the adverse circumstances (revolutionaries may exploit newer technologies for these ends).
Classification: Non-dystopia