Columbia subject headings:
Harvard subject headings:
Europe, Southern--Civilization--Arab influences--Congresses.
Islamic civilization--Congresses
Mediterranean Region--Civilization--Arab influences--Congresses.
Princeton subject headings:
Europe, Southern--Relations--Islamic Empire.
Europe--Civilization--Arab influences.
Europe--Civilization--Islamic influences.
Islamic Empire--Relations--Europe, Southern.
Islamic civilization--History.
Mediterranean Region--History--476-1517.
Muslims--Europe, Southern--History--To 1500.