Columbia subject headings:
Arab countries--History.
Arab countries--Politics and government.
Civilization, Arab--Western influences.
Islamic civilization--Western influences.
Harvard subject headings:
Arslān, Shakīb, Amīr, 1869-1946--Political and social views.
Egypt--History--Mohammed Ali, 1805-1849.
Egypt--Politics and government--640-1882.
Intellectuals--Arab countries--Attitudes.
Lebanon--Politics and government
Muḥammad ʻAbduh, 1849-1905--Political and social views.
Princeton subject headings:
Arab countries--History.
Arab countries--Politics and government.
Civilization, Arab--Western influences.
Islamic civilization--Western influences.