Columbia subject headings:
Harvard subject headings:
Afghānī, Jamāl al-Dīn, 1838-1897.
Arab countries--Intellectual life--19th century.
Kawākibī, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān, 1855-1902
Muḥammad ʻAbduh, 1849-1905
Princeton subject headings:
Arab countries--Intellectual life--19th century.