Columbia subject headings:
Middle class--Turkey.
Turkey--Commerce.
Turkey--Economic conditions.
Turkey--History--Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918.
Harvard subject headings:
Middle class--Turkey--History.
Turkey--Commerce--History.
Turkey--Economic conditions--1288-1918.
Turkey--History--Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918.
Princeton subject headings:
Middle class--Turkey--History.
Turkey--Commerce--History.
Turkey--Economic conditions--1288-1918.
Turkey--History--Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918.