Columbia subject headings:
Harvard subject headings:
China--Foreign relations--1644-1912
China--History--Ming dynasty, 1368-1644.
China--History--Qing dynasty, 1644-1912.
Princeton subject headings:
China--Foreign relations--1644-1912.
China--Foreign relations--To 1644.
China--History--Ming dynasty, 1368-1644.
China--History--Qing dynasty, 1644-1912.