Columbia subject headings:
Harvard subject headings:
Europe--Civilization--Islamic influences.
Europe--Territorial expansion.
Islamic civilization--Western influences--History.
Islamic learning and scholarship--Europe--History.
Muslims--Atlantic Ocean Region--Intellectual life.
Muslims--Europe--Intellectual life.
Princeton subject headings:
Atlantic Ocean--Discovery and exploration--Arab.
Atlantic Ocean--Discovery and exploration--European.
Muslims--Travel--Atlantic Ocean--History.
Navigation--Atlantic Ocean--History.