Columbia subject headings:
Islam and state--Turkey--19th century.
Islamic sects--Turkey--19th century.
Turkey--History--Tanzimat, 1839-1876.
Harvard subject headings:
Islam--Turkey--History--19th century.
Turkey--History--19th century.
Princeton subject headings:
Islam and state--Turkey--History.
Islamic sects--Turkey--History.
Turkey--History--Tanzimat, 1839-1876.