Columbia subject headings:
Islam--Mali (Empire)
Jihad.
Mali (Empire)--History--19th century.
Tal, Umar, 1794?-1864.
Harvard subject headings:
Islam--Doctrines
Macina (Empire)--Foreign relations--Takrur Empire.
Takrur Empire--Foreign relations--Mali--Macina (Empire)
Umarian Jihad, 1852-1863--Causes.
War--Religious aspects--Islam--Miscellanea.
Princeton subject headings:
Islam--Mali (Empire).
Jihad.
Mali (Empire)--History--19th century.
Tal, Umar, 1794?-1864.