Columbia subject headings:
Islam and state--Turkey--History.
Shaykh al-Islām--Turkey--History.
Harvard subject headings:
Islam and state--Turkey--History.
Shaykh al-Islām--Turkey--History.
Princeton subject headings:
Islam and state--Turkey--History--19th century.
Shaykh al-Islām--Turkey--History.
Turkey--History--19th century.