Columbia subject headings:
China--Foreign relations--Japan.
Germany--Foreign relations--Japan.
Japan--Foreign relations--China.
Japan--Foreign relations--Germany.
Shandong Sheng (China)--Economic conditions.
Harvard subject headings:
China--Foreign relations--Japan.
Germany--Foreign relations--Japan.
Japan--Foreign relations--China.
Japan--Foreign relations--Germany.
Shandong Sheng (China)--Economic conditions.
Princeton subject headings:
World War, 1914-1918--Territorial questions--Shantung.