Columbia subject headings:
Turkey--Environmental conditions--History.
Turkey--History--Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918.
Urbanization--Turkey--History.
Harvard subject headings:
Turkey--Environmental conditions--History.
Turkey--History--Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918.
Urbanization--Turkey--History.
Princeton subject headings:
Turkey--Environmental conditions--History.
Turkey--History--Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918.
Urbanization--Turkey--History.