Columbia subject headings:
Turkey--Civilization--Western influences.
Turkey--History--19th century.
Turkey--History--20th century.
Turkey--History--Abdul Hamid I, 1774-1789.
Turkey--History--Selim III, 1789-1807.
Harvard subject headings:
Turkey--Civilization--Western influences.
Turkey--History--19th century.
Turkey--History--20th century.
Turkey--History--Abdul Hamid I, 1774-1789.
Turkey--History--Selim III, 1789-1807.
Princeton subject headings:
Turkey--Civilization--Western influences.
Turkey--History--19th century.
Turkey--History--20th century.
Turkey--History--Abdul Hamid I, 1774-1789.
Turkey--History--Selim III, 1789-1807.