Columbia subject headings:
Harvard subject headings:
Commerce--History--Medieval, 500-1500
Europe--Commerce--Middle East--History.
Industries--Middle East--History.
Middle East--Commerce--Europe--History.
Technology--Middle East--History.
Princeton subject headings:
Europe--Commerce--Middle East--History.
Europe--Foreign economic relations--Islamic Empire.
Islamic Empire--Foreign economic relations--Europe.
Middle East--Commerce--Europe--History.