HIV
Ada beberapa jalur penularan yang ditakutkan dapat menyebarkan HIV, yaitu melalui ludah, gigitan nyamuk, dan kontak sehari-hari (berjabat tangan, terekspos batuk dan bersin dari penderita HIV, menggunakan toilet dan alat makan bersama, berpelukan). Namun, CDC (Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit) menyatakan bahwa aktivitas tersebut tidak mengakibatkan penularan HIV. Beberapa aktivitas lain yang sangat jarang menyebabkan penularan HIV adalah melalui gigitan manusia dan beberapa tipe ciuman tertentu.
Sub-Sahara Afrika tetap merupakan daerah yang paling parah terkena HIV di antara kaum perempuan hamil pada usia 15-24 tahun di sejumlah negara di sana. Ini diduga disebabkan oleh banyaknya penyakit kelamin, praktik menoreh tubuh, transfusi darah, dan buruknya tingkat kesehatan dan gizi di sana.
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