Kekaisaran Maurya
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Kekaisaran Maurya diperintah oleh Dinasti Maurya yang didirikan oleh Candragupta di Pataliputra (sekarang disebut Patna) di Magadha, India timur laut. Pada 322 SM, Chandragupta naik tahta hasil dari kudeta yang dipimpinnya dari dinasti Nanda. Pada masa pemerintahan Chandragupta merupakan persinggungan antara India dengan bangsa asing, tepatnya kekaisaran Macedonia yang dipimpin
oleh Alexander Agung. Peristiwa ini berlangsung 2 tahun sebelum Chandragupta naik tahta. Kedatangan Macedonia selain dengan maksud politis, juga dengan maksud menyebarkan kebudayaan barat ke timur. Pasca ekspansi bangsa barat adalah kemunculan budaya hellenisme, yakni perpaduan antara budaya timur dengan budaya barat (helenis: Yunani, yangg sedang berkembang saat itu).
Chandragupta naik tahta beberapa saat pasca kematian Alexander Agung. Ia berhasil menguasai daerah yang sebelumnya dikuasai oleh Macedonia, dan bahkan berhasil menjalin hubungan dengan musuh Alexander Agung, Seloucos Nicator (penguasa Yunani di Asia Barat) yang kemudian banyak membantu Chandragupta dalam menuliskan sejarah India.
Menurut kitab Wisnu Purana, jumlah raja-raja Dinasti Maurya ada sepuluh dan memerintah selama 137 tahun: