Hisabati

Question: Je,nani mwanzilishi wa somo la fizikia?


Hisabati ni somo linalohusika na idadi, upimaji na ukubwa wa vitu. 
Kwa ujumla linahusika na miundo na vielezo. 
Hisabati linaundwa na masomo mbalimbali, kama hesabu, jiometria na aljebra.
Neno hisabati katika lugha ya Kiswahili limetokana na neno la Kiarabu حسابات (halisi: hesabu (wingi)).
Somo hili huweza kutumika kutatua matatizo mbalimbali, lakini hasa ni la msingi katika uelewa wa ulimwengu kisayansi. Hivyo hutumiwa na masomo mengine kama Fizikia, Jiografia, Kemia katika mafunzo yake.








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Mantiki ya kihisabatiNadharia ya setiNadharia ya kategoriaNadharia ya kuhesabu
Historia ya Hisabati
Mwanahisabati Mjerumani Carl Friedrich Gauss aliita hisabati malkia wa sayansi ambayo inasaidia katika uvumbuzi wa kisayansi. Somo la hisabati lilikita mizizi kwa sababu ya uchu wa wanasayansi kupenda kutatua shida kama vile za biashara, ugavi wa ardhi na masomo ya sayari na katika kukisia uzani.


Tanbihi

Marejeo

Courant, Richard and H. Robbins, What Is Mathematics?: An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods, Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition (July 18, 1996). ISBN 0-19-510519-2.

du Sautoy, Marcus, , BBC Radio 4 (2010).
Eves, Howard, An Introduction to the History of Mathematics, Sixth Edition, Saunders, 1990, ISBN 0-03-029558-0.
Kline, Morris, Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, Oxford University Press, USA; Paperback edition (March 1, 1990). ISBN 0-19-506135-7.
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Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, ed. John Simpson and Edmund Weiner, Clarendon Press, 1989, ISBN 0-19-861186-2.
The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, 1983 reprint. ISBN 0-19-861112-9.
Pappas, Theoni, The Joy Of Mathematics, Wide World Publishing; Revised edition (June 1989). ISBN 0-933174-65-9.
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Peterson, Ivars, Mathematical Tourist, New and Updated Snapshots of Modern Mathematics, Owl Books, 2001, ISBN 0-8050-7159-8.





Marejeo mengine

Benson, Donald C., The Moment of Proof: Mathematical Epiphanies, Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition (December 14, 2000). ISBN 0-19-513919-4.
Boyer, Carl B., A History of Mathematics, Wiley; 2nd edition, revised by Uta C. Merzbach, (March 6, 1991). ISBN 0-471-54397-7.—A concise history of mathematics from the Concept of Number to contemporary Mathematics.
Davis, Philip J. and Hersh, Reuben, The Mathematical Experience. Mariner Books; Reprint edition (January 14, 1999). ISBN 0-395-92968-7.
Gullberg, Jan, Mathematics – From the Birth of Numbers. W. W. Norton & Company; 1st edition (October 1997). ISBN 0-393-04002-X.
Hazewinkel, Michiel (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Mathematics. Kluwer Academic Publishers 2000. – A translated and expanded version of a Soviet mathematics encyclopedia, in ten (expensive) volumes, the most complete and authoritative work available. Also in paperback and on CD-ROM, and .
Jourdain, Philip E. B., The Nature of Mathematics, in The World of Mathematics, James R. Newman, editor, Dover Publications, 2003, ISBN 0-486-43268-8.
Maier, Annaliese, At the Threshold of Exact Science:  Selected Writings of Annaliese Maier on Late Medieval Natural Philosophy, edited by Steven Sargent, Philadelphia:  University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982.

Viungo vya nje


, Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam

 Free Mathematics books collection.
Encyclopaedia of Mathematics online encyclopaedia from , Graduate-level reference work with over 8,000 entries, illuminating nearly 50,000 notions in mathematics.

 The mathematics section of FreeScience library
Rusin, Dave: . A guided tour through the various branches of modern mathematics. (Can also be found at .)
Polyanin, Andrei: . An online resource focusing on algebraic, ordinary differential, partial differential (mathematical physics), integral, and other mathematical equations.
Cain, George:  available free online.
, Wiki-style site that is intended to develop into a large store of useful mathematical problem-solving techniques.
, list information about classes of mathematical structures.
. The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive Extensive history and quotes from all famous mathematicians.
. A site and a language, that formalize mathematics from its foundations.
, a prize-winning site for students from age five from Cambridge University
, a wiki of open problems in mathematics
. An online mathematics encyclopedia under construction, focusing on modern mathematics. Uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license, allowing article exchange with Wikipedia. Uses TeX markup.

Weisstein, Eric et al.: . An online encyclopedia of mathematics.
Patrick Jones'  on Mathematics
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du Sautoy, Marcus, , BBC Radio 4 (2010).
 A Q&A site for research-level mathematics
 – Khan Academy




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