kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Magnet

A magnet is a special kind of metal. When a magnet goes near a special kind of metal or another magnet, and the poles (sides) touching are opposite, it will pull, or attract the other object closer. If the two poles are the same, the magnet and the other object will push away, or repel, from each other. This attraction and repulsion is called magnetism. Magnets can make some other metals into magnets when they are rubbed together.
Types of magnet
Soft magnets (meaning impermanent magnets) are often used in electromagnets. These increase (often hundreds or thousands of times) the magnetic field of a wire that carries an electrical current and is wrapped around the magnet. The field also increases with the current.
Permanent magnets have ferromagnetism. They occur naturally in some rocks, particularly lodestone, but are now commonly manufactured. A magnet's magnetism decreases when it is heated and increases when it is cooled. It has to be heated at around . Like poles (S-pole and S-pole/N-pole and N-pole) will repel each other while unlike poles (N-pole and S-pole) will attract each other.
Magnets are only attracted to special metals. Iron, cobalt and nickel are magnetic. Metals that have iron in them attract magnets well. Steel is one. Metals like brass, copper, zinc and aluminum are not attracted to magnets. Non-magnetic materials such as wood and glass are not attracted to magnets as they do not have magnetic materials in them.
Rare earth magnets
Lanthanoid elements can make very strong magnets. The spin of their electrons can be aligned, resulting in very strong magnetic fields. So these elements are used for high-strength magnets when their high price is not a concern. The most common types of rare-earth magnets are samarium-cobalt and neodymium-iron-boron (NIB) magnets.
Natural magnets
Natural/permanent magnets are not artificial. They are a kind of rock called lodestone or magnetite.
The compass
A compass uses the Earth's magnetic field, and points to the North magnetic pole. A north side of the magnet is attracted to the south side of another magnet. However, the north side of the compass points to the north pole, this can only mean that the "north pole" is really the magnetic south, and the "South magnetic pole" is really the magnetic north.
Discovery
Ancient people discovered magnetism from lodestones (or magnetite) which are naturally magnetized pieces of iron ore. Lodestones, suspended so they could turn, were the first magnetic compasses.
The earliest known surviving descriptions of magnets and their properties are from Anatolia, India, and China about 2500 years ago. The properties of lodestones and their affinity for iron were written of by Pliny the Elder in his encyclopedia Naturalis Historia.
The Boston Post

The Boston Post was a newspaper published in Boston, Massachusetts between 1831 and 1956. It was one of the most popular daily newspaper in New England for over a hundred years. The Post was founded in November 1831 by two businessmen: Charles G. Greene and William Beals. By the 1930s, The Boston Post had grown to be one of the largest newspapers in the country, with well over a million readers.
During the 1940s, the newspaper faced more and more competition from papers published by William Hearst. More people began listening to the news on radio and television, and the paper's business began to suffer. It stopped being published in October 1956. At the time, it was printing about 255,000 copies of its daily issue, and about 260,000 of its Sunday edition.
Writers
Richard Frothingham, Jr. - an historian, journalist and politician who was a proprietor and managing editor of The Boston Post.
Olin Downes - music critic.
Olga Van Slyke Owens Huckins - literary editor from 1941 to 1954. Huckins letter to Rachel Carson inspired the book Silent Spring.
Sunday magazine
In the Sunday paper every week was included a weekly magazine. It was originally called "The Sunday Magazine of The Boston Sunday Post" and later "The Boston Sunday Post Sunday Magazine".
Pulitzer Prize
1921 - Meritorious Public Service. The Boston Post was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for its investigation into and its exposure of fraud by Charles Ponzi. It was the last Pulitzer won for public service awarded to a Boston newspaper until the Globe won it in 2003.
Boston Post Cane
The Boston Post Cane was an award given by many New England towns to their oldest citizen. It was originally done in 1909, when the newspaper was owned by Edwin A. Grozier. The newspaper had several hundred ornate, gold-tipped canes made, and then given presented in a ceremony to each town's oldest living man. The custom was expanded to include a community's oldest women in 1930. Many towns in New England still carry on the Boston Post cane tradition with the original canes they were awarded in 1909. When a recipient dies (or leaves the community), the cane passes to a successor who is the town's next oldest living resident.
Baku Metro

Baku Metro (), is an electrified metro railway system which is a part of the public transportation system of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. It was opened on 6 November 1967.
At that time, Azerbaijan was part of the Soviet Union until the end of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Baku Metro has the features found in most other ex-Soviet metro systems. These include very deep metro stations, and detailed decorations that blend traditional Azerbaijani national designs with Soviet ideology. The metro system has three lines and has 40.3 kilometers of double railway tracks with 27 stations, which, apart from two stations, are underground. It is run by the Baki Metropoliteni. In 2015, it carried 222.0 million passengers, which means an average ridership of approximately 608,200 passengers each day.
Expansion plans
At present, there are several projects, only two of which are under construction. In 2011, the Chief Executive of the Baku Metro, Taghi Ahmadov, announced plans to construct 70 new stations by 2040. These will serve the new bus complex as well as Heydar Aliyev International Airport.
Darci Sprotte Neto

Darci Sprotte Neto (born 25 March 1987) is a Brazilian football player.
Carolyn Lawrence

Carolyn Lawrence (born February 13, 1967) is an American television and voice actress mostly known for her voice role as Sandy Cheeks in Spongebob Squarepants, and Cindy Vortex in The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius. Lawrence was born in Baltimore, Maryland on February 13, 1967.
Brenda Ann Spencer

Brenda Ann Spencer (born in San Diego, California on April 3, 1962) is a convicted American murderer who performed a deadly shooting spree, during which she killed two people at the Cleveland Elementary School in San Diego on January 29, 1979. Another nine got hurt during that incident. Spencer showed no remorse in her crime; her full explanation of her actions was "I don't like Mondays; this livens up the day." Those comments were the inspiration to the song I Don't Like Mondays by The Boomtown Rats, which reached #1 in the United Kingdom in mid 1979.
Neu-Ulm

Neu-Ulm is the capital of the Neu-Ulm district and a town in Swabia, Bavaria. Neighbouring towns include Ulm, Senden, Pfaffenhofen an der Roth, Holzheim, Nersingen and Elchingen.
Plaimbois-du-Miroir

Plaimbois-du-Miroir is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Dondurma

Dondurma or Turkish mastic ice cream (, the ice cream of Maras city). It is much more difficult and heavy than the Arabic mastic ice cream. It has more fatty because it has more sweet cream or heavy cream with a high fat percentage. In the past, people who lived in the mountains made it with snow, goat milk, mastic, and "dried orchidaceae powder" (type of "tubers"). In southeast Turkey, the ice cream was more solid and sticky because of the powder of the orchid flowers that grow there. This ice cream is so solid that a knife and fork is used to eat it.
In the Turkish Culture
Dondurma is commonly sold from both street vendors' carts and store fronts, where the mixture is churned regularly with long-handled paddles to keep it workable. Vendors often tease the customer by serving the ice cream cone on a stick, and then taking away the dondurma with the stick by rotating it around, before finally giving it to the customer. This sometimes results in misunderstandings among customers unfamiliar with the practice. Vendors often wear traditional clothing of the Ottoman period. In some places in Turkey it is customary to treat the ice cream as a Shawarma and cut it with a butcher knife.
Mastic ice cream
Mastic ice cream is common in Turkey, and Syria. It is named after the Mastic (plant resin) spice being traditionally produced on Greek island of Chios, and, like other natural resins, in its natural form it is "tears" or drops. Because the real mastic is expensive and difficult to find, ice cream sellers of the other countries prefer to replace the mastic spice with glucose.
a few years after than in the end of the 19th century the Persian ice cream which called: "Bastani Sonnati" was first made for the Persian king and based on the Mastic ice creams with Eggs and Spicees and for seasoning Persian desserts.
In the Middle East only the Arabic version of the ice cream is known, compared to the Far East which sells only the Turkish version of the ice cream. in Greece the Mastic ice creams is known only in areas close to Turkey and there it is called: "Kaimaki" by the locals.
21 (album)

21 is the second studio album by English singer Adele. It was released on January 19, 2011. It sold 208,000 copies in the first week it was released. It went straight to number one in the UK Albums Chart. In the fourth week that 21 had been number one Adele sang "Someone Like You" at the 2011 BRIT Awards. Amazon.co.uk reported that the album increased in sales by 890% an hour after Adele's performance.
It has sold over 20,000,000 copies worldwide as of May 2012. The singles "Rolling in the Deep", "Someone Like You", and "Set Fire to the Rain" have all reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. 21 has won many Grammy Awards including Album of the Year.
21 has sold over 11.648 million copies in the United States alone and is the best-performing album in Billboard history.
Track listing
Tracks taken from US iTunes Store.
Screven County, Georgia

Screven County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 14,067 people lived there. The county seat is Sylvania.
Sky News

Sky News is a news broadcasting station in the United Kingdom. It has won Number One News award of the year. This channel is available to Sky TV and Freeview.
History
Establishment and early years
On 8 June 1988, Rupert Murdoch announced plans to start a new television news service in a speech to the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Sky News started broadcasting at 6 pm on 5 February 1989.
Diplomatic Courier

Diplomatic Courier is a 1952 American spy crime drama film noir movie directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Tyrone Power, Patricia Neal, Stephen McNally. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Eurocopter EC665 Tiger

The Eurocopter EC665 Tiger is a new generation of attack helicopter built in France and Germany by Eurocopter. At the beginning of 2013, countries using this were Australia, France, Germany, and Spain. The Tiger () is a twin-turbine helicopter built in metal. Weapons are rockets, 30mm cannon, and missiles.
France used this helicopter in the Afghanistan war and in 2013 war in Mali against al-Qaeda.
Bibliography
Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et helicopteres militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Lariviere editions, 1999. .
Driscoll, Texas

Driscoll is a city in Nueces County, Texas, United States.
Laurent Mauvignier

Laurent Mauvignier, born in Tours in , is a French writer. Brother of the director Thierry Mauvignier, he is a former resident of the Villa Medici and an officer of the Order of Arts and Letters.
Biography
Laurent Mauvignier comes from a working-class family of five children living in Descartes in Touraine. He is the brother of director Thierry Mauvignier. At the age of seventeen he entered the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Tours from which he graduated in visual arts in 1991. Laurent Mauvignier published his first novel Loin d'eux in 1999 at editions de Minuit, which remained his main publishing house throughout his career. The novel received the Feneon Prize in 2000. His second novel published the following year Learning to finish was awarded several prizes, the Wepler Prize in 2000, and the Inter Book Prize and Prix du second novel in 2001.
In 2006, he won the Fnac novel prize for his work In the crowd, a novel about the Heysel drama which occurred in Belgium in 1985, which according to Telerama
His novel Des hommes, published in 2009, won several prizes, including the Prix Virilo the same year, and the Prix des libraires the next year. The novel delves into the narrator's memories of the Algerian War. For the review of Telerama a According to the review of the newspaper L'Express , the work is . It will be adapted to the cinema in 2020 by the director Lucas Belvaux alongside the actors Gerard Depardieu, Jean-Pierre Darroussin and Catherine Frot.
Imperial anthems of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire used to have a different anthem for each ruler. The first Sultan that appeared to have a personal anthem was Mahmud II. He started reforms which included the modernization of Ottoman imperial and military bands. This process went to Italian-born composer Giuseppe Donizetti, who was also the composer of first Ottoman Imperial anthem - Mahmudiye Marsi, and second - Mecidyie Marsi. Mehmed VI, the last Ottoman sultan didin't choose a special march composed for him but rather chose to use the "Mahmudiye".
List of ottoman Imperial anthems
Mahmudiye Marsi, March of Mahmud - for Mahmud II (1829-1839, 1918-1922), by Giuseppe Donizetti
Mecidiye Marsi, March of Mecid - for Abdulmejid I (1839-1861), by Giuseppe Donizetti
Aziziye Marsi, March of Aziz - for Abdulaziz (1861-1876), by Callisto Guatelli
Hamidiye Marsi, March of Hamid - for Abdul Hamid II (1876-1909), by Necip Pasa
Resadiye Marsi, March of Resad - for Mehmed V (1909-1918), by Italo Selvelli
Lyrics
Only the Hamidiye Marsi and Resadiye Marsi used to have lyrics, the first three anthems were completly instrumental. The lyrics of the Resadiye Marsi seem to have been lost to history.
Richmond County, Georgia

Richmond County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 206,607. It is one of the original counties of Georgia, created February 5, 1777.
Hussein Arnous

Hussein Arnous (born 1953) is a Syrian politician. He became Prime Minister of Syria on 11 June 2020. He became Prime Minister after President Bashar al-Assad had fired Imad Khamis due to the worsening economic crisis.
Sunderland A.F.C.

Sunderland Association Football Club is an English football club. They are from the city of Sunderland.
The club played in the Premier League in the 2005/2006 season, they finished bottom. They played in the Football League Championship in 2006/2007, but were promoted back to the Premiership for 2007/08 under manager Roy Keane.
Sunderland AFC were created in 1879 and joined the Football League in 1891. They have won the league six times. The last time Sunderland won the league was in 1936. Sunderland have won the FA Cup two times, in 1937 and 1973.
For 99 years, Sunderland played their home games at Roker Park. In 1997 they moved, and now play their home games at the Stadium of Light. The stadium holds 49,000 people.
Seraing

Seraing is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liege.
In 2007, 61237 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 36 North, 05deg 30 East.
Thermophile

A thermophile is an organism - a type of extremophile - that thrives at relatively high temperatures. That means between about . Many thermophiles are archaea. Thermophilic eubacteria may have been among the earliest bacteria.
Thermophiles are found in various geothermally heated parts of the Earth's surface. Examples are hot springs like those in Yellowstone National Park and deep sea hydrothermal vents. Also decaying plant matter, such as peat bogs and compost, makes higher temperatures.
Muda, Estonia

Muda kula is a village in Emmaste Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.
Octagon

An octagon or 8-gon is a shape with 8 sides and 8 corners.
Regular octagon
All sides of a regular octagon are the same length. Each corner is 135deg. All corners added together equal 1080deg.
John M. Murphy

John Michael Murphy (August 3, 1926 - May 25, 2015) was an American politician. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York serving from 1963 through 1981.
Murphy died the age of 88 on May 25, 2015, at a Staten Island hospital.
Henry Wade

Henry Menasco Wade (November 11, 1914 - March 1, 2001) was an American lawyer. He was the district attorney of Dallas County from 1951 to 1987. He was known for his prosecution of Jack Ruby for killing Lee Harvey Oswald, and the U.S. Supreme Court's decision legalizing abortion, Roe v. Wade.
Wade died of problems caused by Parkinson's disease on March 1, 2001 in Dallas, Texas at the age of 86.
Faucoucourt

Faucoucourt is a former commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Anizy-le-Grand.
Arrondissement of Rochefort

The arrondissement of Rochefort is an arrondissement of France, in the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Rochefort.
History
When the Charente-Maritime department was created on 1790, the arrondissement of Rochefort was part of that original department.
Geography
The arrondissement of Rochefort has an area of , and a population of 187,843 inhabitants for a density of inhabitants/km2.
Rochefort is in the northern half of the department. It is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of La Rochelle, to the northeast by the Deux-Sevres department, to the east by the arrondissements of Saint-Jean-d'Angely and Saintes. To the south is the upper part the Gironde estuary, the largest estuary of France, and the Atlantic Ocean is to the west.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
Julia Goulding

Juila Goulding (born 27 March 1985) is an English actress. Since 2016, she has played Shona Ramsey on the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street.
She was born in Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom.
Elaine Stritch

Elaine Stritch (February 2, 1925 - July 17, 2014) was an American actress and vocalist. She was known for her role as Colleen Donaghy in 30 Rock. Stritch was nominated for five Tony Awards. She won three Emmy Awards and two Drama Desk Awards.
Stritch was born on February 2, 1925 in Detroit, Michigan to an Irish-Welsh family. She studied at The New School in New York City. Stritch was married to John Bay from 1973 until his death in 1982. She lived in Birmingham, Michigan.
Stritch died at her home in Birmingham, Michigan from complications of stomach cancer and diabetes on July 17, 2014 at the age of 89.
Luleå Municipality

Lulea Municipality () is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Lulea.
NHK

NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation, is Japan's public broadcaster, like PBS in the United States. Its name is written as or Nippon Hoso Kyokai in Japanese.
History
NHK was founded in 1926, based on the BBC radio company in the United Kingdom. They began operating TV broadcasting in 1953. The first color broadcast was in 1960.
Everyone in Japan who owns a TV is asked to pay anywhere 15,720 or 27,360 (included satellite broadcasting) Yuan per year to support NHK; there is a discount for lump sum payment.
TV Programming
NHK has lots of types of TV shows:
Local, national, and world news.
Emergency Reporting, such as warning about earthquakes and tsunamis.
Education shows for kids.
Weather reporting for local and international locations.
Sports, including the six national Sumo tournaments and other events.
Drama shows.
Documentaries.
Kid's shows.
NHK has 500 staff members in the announcer division alone; but announcers that convey nationally important events and news are operated quite fixedly like Korean Central Television.
Joe Brown (climber)

Joseph Brown, usually Joe Brown, CBE (26 September 1930 - 15 April 2020) was an English climber. He was born in Ardwick, Manchester, Lancashire, England. Brown's mountaineering achievements in the Alps and Himalayas have often been little known. In 1956 he made the first ascent of the west summit of the Muztagh Tower in the Karakoram with Ian McNaught-Davis. He was a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE), Brown was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2011 New Year Honours for services.
Brown died on 15 April 2020 at the age of 89.
Derek Saunders

Derek Saunders (6 January 1928 - 3 March 2018) was an English footballer. He played for Chelsea during the 1950s.
Saunders was a member of Chelsea's 1954-55 Championship-winning team. He was one of only two players to play in every game that season.
Saunders died on 3 March 2018 at the age of 90.
Stanley

Stanley may refer to:
Places
Falkland Islands
Stanley, Falkland Islands, also known as Port Stanley, capital of the Falkland Islands
United States
Stanley, Idaho
Stanley, Iowa
Stanley, Louisiana
Stanley, Virginia
Stanley County, South Dakota
Arts, entertainment, and media
Fictional characters
Stanley Hudson, a character on the TV show The Office
Stan Marsh, a character on the TV show South Park
Stan Smith (American Dad!), the lead character from the American Dad! animated sitcom
Sten & Stanley, a dansband ("dance band") from Sweden
Brands and enterprises
Morgan Stanley, American investment bank and stockbroker company
The Stanley Hotel, hotel in Estes Park, Colorado
Sports
Accrington Stanley F.C., English league football club
Stanley Cup, championship trophy of the National Hockey League
Transportation
Stanley Steamer, an American automobile produced by the Stanley Motor Carriage Company
Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 13

Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi Iss Baar Har Level, Darr Next Level is the upcoming and thirteenth season of Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi, an Indian reality and stunt television series. The series is produced by Endemol Shine India. The show is scheduled to premiere in July 2023, on Colors TV. The series is filmed in South Africa and will be hosted by Rohit Shetty.
Contestants
Production
Casting
In February 2023, Rohit Shetty entered the Bigg Boss 16 house and selected Shalin Bhanot as the first contestant for the upcoming season, but he declined.
In June 2023, Divyanka Tripathi, Hina Khan and Faisal Shaikh were approached to be a part of the series.
Development
The series was announced by Colors TV on 23 May 2023. The contestants were spotted at the Mumbai Airport before leaving for South Africa on 11 May 2023. Shetty was spotted leaving for South Africa on 16 May 2023.
Divyanka Tripathi was spotted at Mumbai Airport before leaving for Cape Town on 20 June 2023.
Filming
The principal photography of the series began on 20 May 2023 in South Africa. Rohit Shetty took to his Instagram to officially announce the same.
Anne Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk

Anne de Mowbray, Baroness Mowbray (10 December 1472 - 19 November 1481) was the daughter of John Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk and Elizabeth Talbot. She was born in 1472 in Framlingham Castle, Suffolk, England. She also became Baroness Segrave.
When Anne's father died in 1476 Anne became very rich. She also became Countess of Norfolk. Anne was married to Richard of York on 15 January, 1478 in Westminster Abbey. Richard was the son of King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville. Richard's father had married him to Anne so that he could have control of her fortune. When he married Anne became known as the Duchess of York
Anne died when she was 8 years old at Greenwich, London, England in 1481. Her body was placed in a lead coffin in the Chapel of St Erasmus of Formiae in Westminster Abbey. However, when this chapel was knocked down around 1502 to make room for the Henry VII Lady Chapel, Anne's coffin became lost.
In December 1964, construction workers in Stepney, London, accidentally found Anne's coffin. It was opened and Anne's remains were looked at by scientists. Anne's body still had a shroud wrapped around her and there was still red hair on her skull. Her body was later reburied in Westminster Abbey.
Daniel Alfredsson

Daniel Alfredsson (born 11 December 1972) is a Swedish retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played a career total of 18 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Ottawa Senators and the Detroit Red Wings. He is best known for being the captain of the Senators from 1999 to 2013. He also played in the Elitserien with Frolunda HC.
Before playing in the NHL, Alfredsson played 3 seasons in the Swedish Elite League with Frolunda HC. He was selected by the Senators with the 133rd overall pick in the 1994 NHL Draft. Alfredsson won the Calder Memorial Trophy in 1996. He returned to play for Frolunda HC for 15 games during the 2004-05 NHL lockout. He played for the Ottawa Senators for 17 seasons and served as their captain from 1999 to 2013. On July 5, 2013, Alfredsson signed a one-year, $5.5 million contract with the Detroit Red Wings.
On December 4, 2014, Alfredsson decided to sign a one-day contract to officially retire as a member of the Ottawa Senators.
He played for the Sweden men's national ice hockey team and won the gold medal with them during the 2006 Winter Olympics. He also won a silver medal with the team at the 2014 Winter Olympics.
Pulpí

Pulpi is a municipality of Almeria province, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.
2008 Summer Olympics

The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, were celebrated in Beijing, People's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24. The opening ceremony began at 08:08:08 pm CST (12:08:08 UTC) at the Beijing National Stadium in Beijing, People's Republic of China. During the games, 10,500 athletes competed in 302 events in 28 sports.
The Olympic games were awarded to Beijing after a vote of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on July 13 2001. The official logo of the games, titled "Dancing Beijing," features a stylised calligraphic character jing (Jing , meaning capital), meaning the host city. The mascots of Beijing 2008 are the five Fuwa, each representing both a colour of the Olympic rings and a symbol of Chinese culture. The Olympic slogan, One World, One Dream, calls upon the world to unite in the Olympic spirit. Several new NOCs were also recognised by the IOC.
The Chinese government used the games to promote China as an important and powerful country, and spent a lot of money on building new facilities and transportation systems for the games. The events were held in 37 venues, including 12 newly built buildings. In 2007, former IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch said that he thinks that the Beijing games will be "the best in Olympic history". Although there was some controversy about having the games in China, the IOC's former president Jacques Rogge said that the IOC has "absolutely no regrets" in choosing Beijing to host the 2008 games.
Medal table
At the end of the Olympics, China won the total gold medal count, while the United States led the grand total medal count.
Here is the top of the medal table at the end of the games.
Medal numbers shown in bold are the highest in their section. China, the host nation is highlighted in lavender.
Mashgiach

A mashgiach (Hebrew: mSHgyH, lit. "supervisor"; pl. mSHgyHym, mashgichim) is a Jew who supervises the kashrut status of a kosher establishment. They usually supervise places where food is produced, such as slaughterhouses, food manufacturers, hotels, caterers, nursing homes, restaurants, butchers or groceries.
Karyotype

A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryote cell. The term is also used of the complete set of chromosomes in a species, or an individual organism. It describes the number of chromosomes, and what they look like under a light microscope. Attention is paid to their length, the position of the centromeres, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and any other physical characteristics. The preparation and study of karyotypes is part of cytogenetics (cytology and genetics).
The basic number of chromosomes in the somatic (body) cells of an individual or a species is called the somatic number and is designated 2n. Thus, in humans 2n = 46. In the sex cells the chromosome number is n (humans: n = 23).
So, in normal diploid organisms, chromosomes are present in two copies. There may, or may not, be sex chromosomes. Polyploid cells have multiple copies of chromosomes and haploid cells have single copies. The study of whole sets of chromosomes is sometimes known as karyology.
The chromosomes are depicted (by rearranging a microphotograph) in a standard format known as a karyogram or idiogram: in pairs, ordered by size and position of centromere for chromosomes of the same size. This may be used for many purposes; such as, to show genetic disease, what sex the animal is and its diploid number. In humans, cytologists have used karyotypes to help identify genetic abnormalities a baby might have before it is born.
Karyotypes may be studied to gather information about past evolutionary events, such as polyploidy.
Bart the General

"Bart the General" is the fifth full length episode of the first season of The Simpsons, which was first shown on the Fox network on February 4, 1990. In this episode, Bart deals with his troubles with the school bully, Nelson Muntz. Bart chooses to go to war with Nelson using the neighborhood kids as his own army. The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by David Silverman.
Versace

Versace S.p.A, usually called Versace is an Italian luxury fashion house. It was founded by Gianni Versace in 1978. One of the logos of the brand represents the head of Medusa.
Since the death of Gianni Versace in 1997, Donatella Versace is the head of designs. Her daughter Allegra Versace owns half of the company.
Bruce Kent

Bruce Kent (22 June 1929 - 8 June 2022) was a British political activist and former Roman Catholic priest. He was known for his role and activism with Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND). He was the organisation's general secretary from 1980 to 1985 and its chair from 1987 to 1990. In 1960 he joined the Christian Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.
In 1992, Kent was a candidate for the Labour Party in the constituency of Oxford West and Abingdon, where he came third.
Kent died on 8 June 2022 at the age of 92.
Milpitas Unified School District

Milpitas Unified School District is a public school district in Milpitas, California. The district has over 10,000 students from Preschool through Grade 12. The current superintendent is Cheryl Jordan.
History
During the 19th century, children living in Milpitas went to three schools: Air Point School, The Calaveras School, and another school which is now the Presbyterian Church. From 1912 to 1956, Milpitas children went to the Milpitas Grammar School (now the Milpitas Public Library). Starting in 1956, schools in Milpitas opened, so children started going to those schools.
Schools
Milpitas Unified School District has over 18 programs: 2 child development centers, 10 elementary schools, 2 middle schools, 1 high school, 1 alternative high school, 1 adult school, and a San Jose City College extension campus.
Warrant (law)

A warrant is a writ that permits someone to take a specific legal action. Most often the writ is from a judge. It is used by law enforcement to take actions such as searching for evidence, making an arrest or seizing property.
Search warrant
In the United States, in order for police and other law enforcement personnel to search for evidence, they need a warrant. They must also have probable cause (a good reason to believe they will find evidence of a crime). A search warrant must be signed by a judge or magistrate. The officer must provide a sworn statement of fact called an affidavit. If the judge or magistrate believes the affidavit establishes probable cause, he or she approves the warrant. A warrant is usually for a specific period of time and spells out exactly what the officers may search for and seize.
Arrest warrant
United States
In many cases an arrest warrant is not needed. If a police officer personally sees someone committing a crime, the officer may arrest that individual without a warrant. An officer may also arrest someone if they have probable cause to believe the person had committed or were about to commit a crime. For example, a police officer is notified a bank has just been robbed and is given a description of the suspect. The single robber left in a dark blue Ford Mustang. The officer stops a dark blue Ford Mustang with bags of money on the back seat (in plain sight) and the driver matches the description. The officer believes he has probable cause and arrests the driver.
If the person is in his (or her) own home and the crime is not a serious one, an officer needs an arrest warrant.
European Union
In the European Union a European Arrest Warrant (EAW) is most often used between member countries in place of a lengthy extradition process. These came into effect on 1 January 2004. Since that time they are used to arrest dangerous criminals who flee across borders in Europe.
Japan
In Japan, an officer may arrest a person they believe may have committed a crime. They can detain the person for up to 48 hours. The police are required to inform the person why they were arrested. During the 48 hour period, the person may be brought before a prosecutor if the police have enough evidence. If the prosecutor believes the evidence is enough, they request a warrant of detention before a judge within 24 hours. The defendant appears before the judge when the warrant is requested. The case may be dropped for lack of evidence either before the prosecutor or before the judge.
Charvieu-Chavagneux

Charvieu-Chavagneux is a commune in the Isere department in southeastern France.
Microsoft Office 2013

Microsoft Office 2013 is an previous version of Microsoft Office developed by Microsoft, it was release of worldwide on January 29, 2013, succesor by Microsoft Office 2016. Mainstream support of Microsoft Office 2013 will be ended on April 10, 2018 and extended support ended on April 11, 2023.
History
In late December 2012, Microsoft announced that Microsoft Office 2010 will replaced of old version to Microsoft Office 2013, they was release in January 29, 2013. After release Office 2013 Preview on December 11, 2012.
In November 2022, Microsoft announced they will be discontinued of Microsoft Office 2013 in all operating system on April 11, 2023 because was no longer supported after release in 2013, 10 years ago. However, after ended support. Microsoft still released update monthly of Microsoft Office 2013 after ended until October 2023.
Idaho State University

Idaho State University is a public university in Pocatello, Idaho. The university has about 15,553 students. It was founded in 1901. The current president of the university is Arthur C. Vailas, Ph.D. .
Sports
The men's athletics teams of the university are called the Bengals. They have 15 varsity teams and they compete in the Big Sky Conference.
John Mutton

John Mutton (born August 5, 1966) is the founder of Municipal Solutions, an international business development firm.[1] John Mutton was the Mayor of the Municipality of Clarington and elected from 1997-2006. Mutton also held the positions of Durham Region Finance Chair, Chair of the Ganaraska Conservation Authority, Chairman of Veridian Corporation and Chairman of the Association of Nuclear Host Communities.
Early Life
John Mutton was born and raised in Bowmanville, Ontario. He graduated from Bowmanville High School, Ontario. He received a BSc from the State University of New York, USA, and a Masters Certificate, Municipal Management from the University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario.
Political Career
John Mutton was elected Mayor of Clarington in 2000 at the age of 34. He is the youngest person to become mayor of Clarington and was one of the youngest Mayors in Canada. Mutton held office for 6 years (2000 - 2006).
He began his political career in 1997 as a Regional and Local Councillor of Clarington.
While in office, Mutton focused on greater accountability in regional government, urban development and nuclear power expansion for Clarington.
He is credited with pioneering a method to finance new construction or major additions of buildings through issue of debentures by municipal government. First employed in 2001 to fund the South Courtice Arena and Recreation Complex, it is viewed as a cost-effective method to undertake large scale publicly funded projects.
Mutton was part of the Canadian bid to become the site of the new International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in 2003. Regretfully the project was not successful. However, Mutton remained a championed for Darlington Nuclear Generating Station to become the site of a new nuclear facility in Ontario.
Mutton returned to municipal politics in 2010 in a bid for appointment of Durham Regional Chair. He would later lobby for and supported the campaign to reform the position from an appointment to one that is elected. A referendum was held in the 2010 election and 80% of voters were in favour of the reform. Durham Region Council passed By-law No. 19-2012 to change the selection method to election by general vote in 2012. Commencing in 2014, voters will elect the position. Durham Region was the second region in the Greater Toronto Area to adopt the reform.
Achievements
* Established the Clarington Sports Hall of Fame in 2003.
* Newsmaker of the Year, 2006, Durham Region Metroland Newspapers.
* Received the Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Medal from Her Majesty and the Government of Canada in 2013 for his years of service to Canada.
Sports Achievements
Won the 2017 IBJJF Superheavyweight Las Vegas Open Gold Medal.
Won the 2017 IBJJF Superheavyweight Miami Open Gold Medal.
Won the 2017 Rickson Gracie Superheavyweight Gold Medal in New York.
Won the 2017 IBJJF Superheavyweight World Bronze medal.
Won the 2018 IBJJF Superheavyweight Los Angeles Open Gold Medal.
Sisters (TV series)

Sisters was an American television drama series. The show was about four sisters in Winnetka, Illinois.
The show was first broadcast in May of 1991. It lasted until May 4, 1996.
Aleksandr Shirvindt

Alexander Anatolyevich Shirvindt (, born July 19, 1934) is a Soviet-Russian actor and screenwriter. He was honored with the People's Artist and Meritorious Artist of the RSFSR. He was born in Moscow. He appeared in Grandads-Robbers (1971), The Irony of Fate (1975), The Twelve Chairs (1976), Three Men in a Boat (1979), Station for Two (1982) and The Irony of Fate 2 (2007).
He voiced Aramis in Dog in Boots movie.
Sealed lead acid battery

A sealed lead acid battery or gel cell is a lead acid battery that has the sulfuric acid electrolyte coagulated (thickened) so it cannot spill out. They are partially sealed, but have vents in case gases are accidentally released for example by overcharging. They can be used for smaller applications where they are turned up side down. They are more expensive than normal lead acid batteries, but they are also safer.
They use different chemicals than dry cells, so they are rechargeable.
Otto Fischer

Otto Fischer (* 1 January 1901 in Vienna, + July 1941 in Liepaja) was an Austrian football player. He played as forward for different teams in Vienna and in the Austrian national football team.
Career
He started at ASV Hertha Wien, where he also made his first appearances in the top league. In 1921 he accepted an offer from German Bohemia and played for Karlsbader FK for two years. He then returned to First Vienna FC. In his three years at the club, they were runners-up twice and also reached the OFB Cup final twice. After losing their entire forward line to New York clubs as a result of their first tour of North America, SC Hakoah Wien were forced to find other forwards and one of the newcomers was Fischer. At the beginning of 1928 he went to SC Wacker Wien. Then he went back to Hakoah, but had to end his career early due to a knee injury.
International career
He made his international debut in September 1923 in a 2-0 loss to Hungary in Budapest. He made his seventh and last game in national dress in October 1928 against Switzerland.
Managing career
After the end of his playing career he became manager of the Serbian club FK Macva Sabac. Then he coached FC Salzburg. In 1932 he took over training at DSV Saaz, where he stayed for two years. 1934 he went back to Yugoslavia to HSK Concordia Zagreb. From 1936 on he worked in Latvia, where he was a coach of Olympia Libau. He was in 1936, 1938 and 1939 Latvian football champion with the club.
Death
Being of jewish origin he was killed in the Liepaja massacres in July 1941. Also his wife Anna Fischer fell victim to the National Socialists.The majority of Fischer's family living in Vienna were also murdered by the National Socialists. His mother Netty Fischer was killed in the Theresienstadt ghetto in 1943. His brother Hugo Fischer, his wife Ilona and their daughter Gerda did not survive the 1942 deportation to the Auschwitz concentration camp. Only his sister Ernestine and her two children Paul and Alice survived the Nazi terror.
S. Epatha Merkerson

Sharon Epatha Merkerson (the middle name is pronounced ee-pay-thuh), known as S. Epatha Merkerson, is an American actress. She was born on November 28, 1952. She is best known as Lieutenant Anita Van Buren in the Law & Order television series. She was on Law & Order from 1993 until it stopped airing new episodes in 2010, and she was in 391 episodes. This was more than any other actor on the show.
She has won a Golden Globe, an Emmy award, an Obie Award, four NAACP Image Awards, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.
Bellevue, Idaho

Bellevue is a city in Idaho in the United States.
British Rail Class 171

The Class 171 "Turbostar" is a type of DMU operated by Southern. The Class 171 is identical to the Class 170, except for the replacement of the BSI coupler with a Dellner coupler. This provision was made in order to allow emergency joining with Class 377 DC third-rail electric units.
Mietesheim

Mietesheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Tando Allahyar District

Tando Allah Yar District (, ) is a district of Sindh province, Pakistan, the city of Tando Allahyar is the capital.
Osmaniye

Osmaniye is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Mediterranean Region. In 2013, 244,195 people lived there. The city was badly damaged and many people died in the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.
West Lake Hills, Texas

West Lake Hills is a city in Travis County, Texas, United States.
March (music)

In music a march is a piece of music with a strong marching rhythm. Marches are often written especially so that soldiers can march to them. Other marches may not be intended for marching, but they still have a strong, regular beat so that people could, if they wanted to, march to the music. Marches are usually 2/4 time (One - two - one - two - left - right - left- right) or 4/4 (the same as two bars (measures)) although other time signatures are possible.
Marches can be slow marches or quick marches. A slow march may be a funeral march.
John Philip Sousa was a composer whose marches became extremely popular
In classical music many composers wrote marches which are not intended to be marched to, but still give the mood of a march. Some famous examples of funeral marches include the second movement of Beethoven's Eroica Symphony, the Marche funebre (Funeral March) in Chopin's Piano Sonata in B flat minor, and the Dead March in Handel's oratorio Saul.
Gustav Mahler often wrote marches in his symphonies. Marches often occur in operas (e.g.Verdi's Aida), ballets (e.g. Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet) or, indeed, any kind of music.
Music composed for marching uses instruments that soldiers play in marching bands, such as brass instruments, woodwind instruments including fife, snare drum and bass drum. Composers writing marches in classical music may imitate the sound of military bands by using these instruments.
March music is often composed for special ceremonial occasions such as coronations. Edward Elgar and William Walton both wrote march music for coronations.
Transit bus

Transit buses (also city buses, town buses or public buses) are public transport vehicles that transport people for short and medium distances, especially within the same city. Public transit buses often use large or multiple exit and entry doors to make boarding and exiting easier, and have minimal to moderate luggage spaces (or none at all), and air conditioner/heating for passengers and drivers.
Pull chains or cords are also used on public buses. Fares are usually paid with cash, tickets or certain credit/debit cards. Many people prefer using public buses, instead of driving their own automobile for many reasons (such as not able or willing to drive).
Hurricane Alma (1966)

Hurricane Alma was an unusual June hurricane in 1966. The storm struck western Cuba and the Southeastern United States. It was responsible for almost 100 deaths and $210 million in damage. Its peak winds hit 125 mph. Despite the severe damage and death tolls, Alma was not retired.
Ludwigslust (district)

Ludwigslust is a former district in the southwest of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.
The district is mostly between the Elbe river and the city of Schwerin. It is the largest district of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, but not many people live there.
History
After the German reunification the two districts of Hagenow and Ludwigslust were made. In 1994 both districts with the two Amter of Rastow and Stralendorf from the district Schwerin-Land were joined to make |100pxtoday's district of Ludwigslust.
Kamakura, Kanagawa

is a city in Kanagawa, Japan. It is about south of Tokyo. It was the functioning capital of Japan during the Kamakura period (1203-1333).
In 1250, Kamakura was the 4th largest city in the world with 200,000 people. The other two large cities in Japan at this time were Kyoto and Nara.
Kamakura was made a municipality on November 3, 1939.
Today, Kamakura is famous as an upper-class area for people to live. This is because of the history and because it is close to the mountains and the sea.
History
1192 (Kenkyu 3, 12th day of the 7th month): Kamakura Shogunate founded by Minamoto no Yoritomo
1252 (Kencho 4): Large bronze statue of Buddha is completed.
1293 (Einin 1, 4th month): A severe earthquake; fatalities in Kamakura were estimated to be 10,000 people.
1923 (Taisho 12): Sagami Bay was the center of the Great Kanto earthquake. The disaster caused widespread damage in the region. Fatalities in Kamakura were more than 2,000 victims.
Tourism
Kamakura has many Buddhist temples. The huge outdoor bronze statue of Buddha at Kamakura is world famous.
The city has many Shinto shrines, including
Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shinto shrine
Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine is one of the three major Hachimangu located in Kamakura. It is the most popular spot in Kamakura, especially, Yabusame in September is very famous. Tsurugaoka Hachimangu was built in 1063 and became the capital and center of Kamakura Government established by Minamoto no Yoritomo. Turugaoka Hachiman-gu has many beautiful maple and ginkgo trees. In autumn, the vew at this shrine is nice. In June, hydrangeas grow. Many temples have beautiful gardens of hydrangeas. The Hase temple is the most well-known of these temples.
Sister cities
Kamakura has international sister cities.
The Miracle Maker (1922 movie)

The Miracle Maker () is a 1922 Soviet silent comedy movie directed by Aleksandr Panteleyev. It stars Pyotr Kirillov, Yelena Tumanskaya, and Vasili Kozhura.
Nampont

Nampont is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Bures, England

Bures is a village in England. Some of it is in Suffolk and some is in Essex. Bures was listed in the Domesday Book as Bura/Buro. It has a church called St Mary.