kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Krotz Springs, Louisiana

Krotz Springs is a small town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Jerauld County, South Dakota

Jerauld County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,071 people lived there. Its county seat is Wessington Springs.
2019 college admissions bribery scandal

The 2019 college admissions bribery scandal was a conspiracy for influencing undergraduate admissions decisions at several American top universities. The investigation into the conspiracy was called Operation Varsity Blues (it was named after the movie Varsity Blues).
The Federal Bureau of Investigation said that starting in 2011, at least 51 parents of high school school students conspired to use bribery and other forms of fraud to illegally have their children admitted to top universities and colleges. The case is the largest of its kind to be prosecuted by the US Justice Department.
Pinch hitter

In baseball, a pinch hitter is a batter in place of another batter. Batters can be substituted at any time while there is not an active play. The manager may use any player who has not entered the game. Unlike basketball, American football, or ice hockey, baseball does not have a "free substitution rule". The player replaced by the pinch hitter is never allowed back into that game. The pinch hitter takes the spot in the batting order of the player that he replaces.
The player chosen to be a pinch hitter is often a backup infielder or outfielder. Catchers are not usually pinch hitters because most teams only have two catchers. Pitchers are also not used very often as pinch hitters because they are not very good hitters.
The American League of Major League Baseball, the Pacific League in Japan, the KBO League in Korea, and other leagues use the designated hitter rule. The designated hitter bats for the pitcher but does not play defense.
Gutland

The Gutland (Luxembourgish: Guttland) is the middle and the south of Luxembourg. It is about two-thirds of the country. About 90 percent of the people in Luxembourg live here (about 540,000 people).
The Gutland has low hills with an altitude of 200 to 300 meters.
The Gutland used to be Grevenmacher and Luxembourg Districts, and also the very southern parts of the Diekirch District.
Perry King

Perry Firestone King (born April 30, 1948) is an American actor. He was born in Alliance, Ohio. King played the role of Cody Allen on the detective series Riptide from 1984 to 1986.
Ailly, Eure

Ailly is a commune. It is in Normandy in the Eure department in northwest France.
Min Bahadur Sherchan

Min Bahadur Sherchan (20 June 1931 - 6 May 2017) was a Nepalese mountaineer and former British Gurkha soldier. In 2008, the 76 year old became the oldest climber to summit Mount Everest. He lost the record five years later to 80 year old Japanese mountaineer Yuichiro Miura.
Sherchan died of a suspected heart attack at Everest Base Camp on 6 May 2017 while trying to reclaim his title at the age of 85.
Jaden Smith

Jaden Christopher Syre Smith (born July 8, 1998) is an American actor and rapper. He is the son of actors Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith. He is also the older brother of singer Willow Smith and younger half-brother of Trey Smith. His first movie role was in the 2006 movie The Pursuit of Happyness. He has also appeared in The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008) and The Karate Kid (2010).
He has received many awards, including a Teen Choice Award, an MTV Movie Award, a BET Award and a Young Artist Award. In 2022, Smith was nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year as a featured artist on Justin Bieber's album Justice.
Rotonda West, Florida

Rotonda West is a place in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. The population was 6,574 at the 2000 census.
Joe Medicine Crow

Joseph Medicine Crow-High Bird (October 27, 1913 - April 3, 2016) was a Crow historian and author. He was also an enrolled member of the Crow Nation of Native Americans.
His writings on Native American history and reservation culture are thought to be his best known works, but he was best known for his writings and lectures about the Battle of the Little Bighorn. He was a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Bronze Star Medal, and the Legion d'honneur.
He was a founding member of the Traditional Circle of Indian Elders & Youth. He turned 100 in October 2013. He died in Billings, Montana on April 3, 2016 at the age of 102.
Barnstaple

Barnstaple is a town in Devon, a county in South West England. 20,724 people live there. It is found west southwest of Bristol, north of Plymouth and northwest of the county town of Exeter.
Abd Allah ibn Saba

Abd Allah ibn Saba () was an Arab Jewish religious leader in the 7th-century. His followers were known as Saba'iyya.
Ghulat career
Abd Allah ibn Saba is considered the first ghulat (extremist). He was the first one to declare faith in the Imamate of Ali. After Ali's death, he is said to maintain this idea that "a devil in 'Ali's appearance had been murdered" and 'Ali had ascended to heaven and that his occultation (raj'a) was imminent. Saba probably invented the concept of ghayba and return.
Heinz Halm records him as a representative of a Ghulat group from the city of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (al-Mada'in) who came to see 'Ali in Kufah. When Saba proclaimed divinity, then 'Ali denied this angrily and exiled him back to Seleucia-Ctesiphon.
Roles in Uthman's assassination
Tabari and Sayf ibn Umar record Abd Allah ibn Saba from playing any major role in the political events that led to Uthman's killing. He and his followers are said to be the ones who enticed the Egyptians against Uthman on the ground of Ali's special right of succession, and participated in further instigation at later conflicts.
Legacy
There is a favorable Shia quote that formed around the figure of Abdullah ibn Saba. The story of Saba has also been used by Shia factions to both attack and defend extreme Shia groups. In an non-authentic Shia source, Abd Allah ibn Saba was cursed by Ja'far al-Sadiq.
United States District Court for the District of South Carolina

The United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (in case citations, D.S.C.) is the federal district court. They cover the state of South Carolina.
Court is held in the cities of Aiken, Anderson, Beaufort, Charleston, Columbia, Florence, Greenville, and Spartanburg.
Scheunen

Scheunen was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Scheunen and Munchringen merged into the municipality of Jegenstorf.
Nuclear physics

Nuclear physics is the part of physics that studies the nucleus of the atom. Everything on the earth is made up of atoms; they are the smallest part of a chemical element that still has the properties of that specific element. When two or more atoms combine they create what we know as the molecule, which is the smallest part of a chemical compound which still has the properties of that specific compound. Understanding the structure of atoms is key in studies such as physics, chemistry, biology, etc.
Atoms
Structure
Atoms are made up of electrons, neutrons, and protons. The protons and neutrons are in the center of the atom, which is called the nucleus. The protons and neutrons are the heaviest part of the atom and make up most of its mass. The electrons move around the nucleus very quickly, making what is called an electron cloud. The electron cloud has a very small mass, but it makes up most of the space of the atom. The electrons have a negative charge, and the protons have a positive charge. Due to the charges in the atom, that is how the atom stays together, by attraction of the electric charges present in the atom.
Properties
Atoms have different features that single out one atom from another, and show how each atom can change in different conditions. These properties include atomic number, mass number, atomic mass and weight, and isotopes.
Forces acting
In an atom there are three fundamental forces that keep atoms together. electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force. The electromagnetic force keeps the electrons attached to the atom. The strong nuclear force keeps the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. The weak nuclear force controls how the atom decays.
Quantum
In the early 20th century, scientists had trouble explaining the behavior of atoms using their current knowledge of matter. So to deal with this they made a brand new way to view matter and energy, and they called it quantum theory. Quantum theory explains how matter acts both as a particle and a wave.
Radiation
Atoms emit radiation when their electrons lose energy and drop down to lower orbitals. The difference in energy between the orbitals determines the wavelength of the given radiation. This radiation can be shown by visible light or shorter wavelengths.
Just Married

Just Married is a 2003 American romantic comedy movie. It was directed by Shawn Levy and was produced by Robert Simonds and Lauren Shuler Donner. Just Married was released on January 10, 2003.
The movie gained negative reviews from critics and holds a 19% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. At the 2004 Golden Raspberry Awards, Ashton Kutcher was nominated for Worst Actor, Brittany Murphy was nominated for Worst Supporting Actress and both Kutcher and Murphy were nominated for Worst Screen Couple. They did not win any of the awards they were nominated for.
Kilimanjaro Region

Kilimanjaro Region is one of the 31 regions of Tanzania. The regional capital is Moshi. According to the 2012 national census, 1,640,087 people lived there.
Here Comes the Dawn

Here Comes the Down is a 1998 Georgian drama movie directed by Zaza Urushadze and starring Zura Begalishvili, Nino Koberidze. It was distributed Qartuli Pilmi.
Zurvan

Zervan (or Zervan ) is the creator god of , a form of Zoroastrianism . He is a personification of time and eternity.
He is the father of Ahura Mazda and his enemy Angra Mainyu .
His name comes from the Middle Persian term zurwan ("Time"), which derives from the Avestan zruva ("Time").
Words carved in stone that include the letters zrw(n) and zraovo were discovered. These words make people think that in Sogdiana and Bactria, Zurvan was worshipped like a main god.
In the third century, his name was used by the Manichaeans, for the father of greatness
Sources
L. Brisson: The figure of Chronos in Orphic theogony. In: D. Tiffeneau (Hrsg. ): Myths and representations of time. 1985, S.37-55
Richard L. Gordon: Zurvan . In: Der Neue Pauly (DNP). Band 12, Metzler, Stuttgart 2002,, Sp. 849 f.
Ever Alot

Ever Alot is a container ship as of 2022 the biggest container ships worldwide by both TEU and gross tonnage. The ship was launched in June 2022. She is wide and long. The ship has a capacity of 24,004 containers (24,004 TEU). Ever Alot is operated by the Evergreen Marine Corporation. The ship sails under the flag of Panama. It is the first container ship to have a 24,000 TEU capacity. It surpassed Ever Ace, which had a capacity of 23,992 TEU.
During the first travel of the vessel, she arrived in Rotterdam, the Netherlands on 12 August 2022 where she was festively welcomed with a nautical salute.
Andreas Köpke

Andreas Kopke (born 12 March, 1962) is a German retired football player. He played for Germany national team.
International Women of Courage Award

The International Women of Courage Award is an American award. Every year the United States Department of State gives the award to women around the world who have shown the ability to lead other people, the ability to do something that they know is difficult or dangerous, the ability to deal well with new or difficult situations and to find solutions to problems, and who are ready to give up something to help to make people aware of women's rights.
History
U. S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice started the award in 2007, on March 8, International Women's Day. In many countries in the world, people do something special on this day. Each United States embassy can recommend one woman to be considered for this award.
Death of Azaria Chamberlain

Azaria Chamberlain (11 June 1980 - disappeared on 17 August 1980) was an Australian baby who was born in Mount Isa, Queensland, and went missing in 1980 near Ayers Rock, Northern Territory, Australia. The family were camping in a tent at the base of the rock. Her mother, Lindy Chamberlain, said that she had been taken by a dingo and killed. Police said that Lindy Chamberlain had murdered the baby and had lied about the dingo. After a long trial which was reported around the world, Chamberlain was convicted of murder and sent to jail. Chamberlain kept arguing that she was innocent. On August 24, 1980 Wally Goodwin found Azaria's bloodstained jumpsuit, booties, nappy and singlet near the base of the Rock near a dingo's den, the case was reopened since the 1980s.
After a long legal battle which involved three inquests, three appeals and a royal commission, she was released. In 2012, a fourth inquest found that Azaria had been taken by a dingo, and the death certificate has now been changed to show this. The inquest noted that there had been other dingo attacks in the region.
Lindy Chamberlain was released from jail on February 7 1986, but not cleared until September 15 1988, at which time Lindy and Michael (her husband) were declared innocent of all charges. She and Michael were divorced on June 27 1991. She met Rick Creighton on a speaking tour of the United States in February 1992 and married him on December 20 1992.
Azaria in popular culture
The disappearance of Azaria became one of the most argued about events in Australia. Many people thought that a dingo would be unable to kill a baby. This meant that the mother must have lied. People in Australia say "a dingo stole my baby" as a joke, when they think someone is lying. After a dingo killed a nine-year-old boy on Fraser Island in 2001, people have had to rethink their beliefs about dingos.
Author John Bryson wrote a book about the case, called Evil Angels. This was later made into a movie called Evil Angels and starred Meryl Streep and Sam Neill. The movie was released in other countries as A Cry in the Dark.
In 2005, a woman called Erin Horsburgh said that she was really Azaria Chamberlain and wanted police to do a DNA test to check. But police said that the woman was lying and they did not need to check. This created interest in the media, but there was no truth to the story.
Chariton County, Missouri

Chariton County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Keytesville. In 2020, 7,408 people lived there.
Herve

Herve is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liege.
In 2007, 16740 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 38 North, 05deg 47 East.
Mayfly

Mayflies are insects which belong to the Order Ephemeroptera (from the Greek ephemeros = ephemeral, or short-lived; pteron = wing). The name refers to the most distinctive features of the adults. They are in an ancient group of insects, the Palaeoptera, ('Ancient wings') with dragonflies and damselflies.
There are over 3,000 living species of mayfly, in over 400 genera in 42 families.
Egg stage
At mating the female lays her eggs in the water. They settle to the bottom where they stick to rocks, vegetation or the bottom of the stream. They range in size by the particular species of Mayfly. Depending on temperature, the eggs take from a few days to a year to develop: usually it is one to three months. During this embryonic stage the mouth, legs, tail and organs all develop.
Larva (or nymph) stage
Mayfly are insects whose aquatic larvae (called naiads or nymphs) live from several months up to a year, in freshwater. The naiads go through 20 or 30 moults as they develop.
Adult stage
Mayflies are unique in that they moult one more time after getting functional wings (this is known as the alate stage). This second-to-last winged stage is usually very short, lasting from 30 minutes to one day, depending on the species. The function of the adult imago is reproduction and dispersal; they do not eat. The stage is a favorite food of many fish, and many 'fishing flies' are modeled on them.
The hatch
It often happens that all the mayflies in a population mature at once (called the hatch). For a day or two in the Spring or Autumn (Fall), mayflies will be everywhere, dancing around each other in large groups, or resting on every available surface. The adults have various special features. Their rear wings are small or almost vestigial; the males have two long front legs for holding females, the rest have no function. Mating is usually in mid-air. The mayfly are quite a successful group. About 2,500 species are known worldwide, including about 630 species in North America. The hatch at La Crosse, Wisconsin has been a news event for several years. The hatch is so large it appears on weather radar. The emerging mayflies land on everything and cover some areas like snow.
Ness City, Kansas

Ness City is a city in Ness County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Ness County. In 2010, 1,449 people lived there. Ness City is famous for its four-story Old Ness County Bank Building in downtown, and nicknamed Skyscraper of the Plains.
History
Ness City was created in 1878. The town grew a lot when a railroad was built there in 1886.
Geography
Ness City is at (38.452250, -99.905989). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Weather
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,449 people, 635 households, and 392 families living in Ness City.
Miranda (Shakespeare)

In Shakespeare's play The Tempest, Miranda is the beautiful daughter of the old Duke Prospero.
Miranda is a naive 15-year-old girl. She and her father were cast away by her uncle Antonio who wanted the throne and has been on a deserted island since she was three. Her father Prospero sends Ariel, his spirit servant, to fetch Ferdinand and arranges things so that the two will come to love one another.
Arlesey

Arlesey is a small town and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England. In 2007, about 5,690 people lived in Arlesey.
Schattenhalb

Schattenhalb is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Method of moments (statistics)

In statistics, the method of moments is a method of estimation of population parameters.
Method
Suppose that the problem is to estimate unknown parameters describing the distribution of the random variable . Suppose the first moments of the true distribution (the "population moments") can be expressed as functions of the s:
Suppose a sample of size is drawn, and it leads to the values . For , let
be the j-th sample moment, an estimate of . The method of moments estimator for denoted by is defined as the solution (if there is one) to the equations:
Reasons to use it
The method of moments is simple and gets consistent estimators (under very weak assumptions). However, these estimators are often biased.
La Bayamesa

"La Bayamesa" or "El Himno de Bayamo" ("The Bayamo Song") is a Cuban pre-revolutionary song which has been the national anthem of Cuba since 1902. First performed in 1868 during the Battle of Bayamo, author and freedom fighter Perucho Figueredo who battled in Bayamo, wrote the lyrics to this song and composed the music before being executed by the Spaniards. In 1898, Cuban conductor Antonio Rodriguez-Ferrer was the anthem's musical introductory note conductor.
Lyrics
Spanish original
Only the first verse (in bold) is officially part of the anthem.
English translation
To arms, quickly, ye Bayamesans!
As the homeland looks proudly to you;
don't fear a glorious death,
for to die for the homeland is to live.
To live in shackles is to live
mired in shame and disgrace,
now hear the sound of the bugle;
Quickly, ye brave, to arms!
Fear not the vicious Iberians.
They're cowards as is every tyrant.
They cannot oppose spirited Cubans.
Their empire has forever fallen.
Free Cuba! Spain has already died,
their power and pride, where did it go?
Hear the sound of the bugle.
Run, brave ones, to battle!
Behold our triumphant troops
Behold they that have fallen.
As cowards they flee defeated:
We triumphed because of our bravery.
Free Cuba! we can shout
from the cannon's terrible boom.
Hear the sound of the bugle,
Run, brave ones, to battle!
Barbara Taylor Bradford

Barbara Taylor Bradford OBE, (born 10 May 1933) is a British-American novelist. Her debut novel, A Woman of Substance, was published in 1979 and has sold over 30 million copies worldwide. It ranks as one of the top-ten bestselling novels of all-time. She was born in Leeds, Yorkshire.
San'yōdō

is a Japanese term for both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through the region.
History
San'yodo was one of the main circuits of the Gokishichido system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the Gokishichido became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including San'yodo, remained cultural markers.
Geography
San'yodo is the southern part of southern Honshu. The region is on the Seto Inland Sea. It has includes eight ancient provinces, including
Aki
Bingo
Bitchu
Bizen
Harima
Mimasaka
Nagato
Suo
The lands of four prefectures is in the region of San'yodo: Hiroshima, Hyogo, Okayama and Yamaguchi.
The modern national highway, Route 2, the San'yo Expressway, and the San'yo Main Line of the West Japan Railway Company, follow the approximate route of the San'yodo.
The Guardian (TV series)

The Guardian is an American drama television series on CBS. It originally aired from September 25, 2001 to May 4, 2004.
Eduard Khil

Eduard Anatolyevich Khil (often known as Edward Hill) (4 September 1934 - 4 June 2012) was a Russian baritone singer. He is a recipient of the People's Artist Award of the Russian SFSR. He was born in Smolensk, Western Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.
Khil became known to the international audience in 2010 when a 1976 recording of him singing a version of the song "I Am Glad, 'Cause I'm Finally Returning Back Home". It became an Internet meme, often referred to as "Trololo" or the "Russian Rickroll". The song is now commonly associated with Internet trolling.
Khil died in the hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia on 4 June 2012, from complications from a stroke, aged 77.
Shinya Yabusaki

is a former Japanese football player.
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1268

Events
Europe
War and politics
February 18 - The Livonian Brothers of the Sword are defeated by Dovmont of Pskov in the Battle of Rakovor.
October 29 - Conradin, the last legitimate male heir of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Kings of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors, is executed along with his companion Frederick I, Margrave of Baden by Charles I of Sicily, a political rival and ally to the hostile Roman Catholic church.
King Stephen V of Hungary launches a war against Bulgaria.
The county of Wernigerode become a vassal state of the margrave of Brandenburg.
The House of Bourbon first rises to prominence with the marriage of Robert, Count of Clermont to King Louis IX of France's daughter, Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress to the lordship of Bourbon.
New election procedures for the election of the doge are established in Venice in order to reduce the influence of powerful individual families.
Pope Clement IV dies; the following papal election fails to choose a new pope for almost three years, precipitating the later creation of stringent rules governing the electoral procedures.
Culture
Nicola Pisano completes the famous octagonal Gothic-style pulpit at the Duomo di Siena.
The carnival in Venice is first recorded.
In France, the use of hops as the exclusive flavoring agent used in the manufacture of beer is made compulsory.
In Slovakia, Guta was founded (currently Kolarovo).
Asia
May 18 - The Principality of Antioch, a crusader state, falls to the Mamluk Sultan Baibars in the Battle of Antioch; Baibars' destruction of the city of Antioch was so great as to permanently negate the city's importance.
The Battle of Xiangyang, a six-year battle between the Chinese Song Dynasty and the Mongol forces of Kublai Khan, begins in what is today Hubei.
An earthquake in Cilicia kills about 60,000 people.
The Notebook

The Notebook is a 2004 American romantic drama movie directed by Nick Cassavetes. It was written by Jeremy Leven and Jan Sardi. It is based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Nicholas Sparks.
The movie stars Ryan Gosling and Rachel McAdams as a young couple who fall in love in the 1940s. The movie also stars James Garner, Gena Rowlands, James Marsden, Sam Shepard, Joan Allen and David Thornton.
The Notebook received generally mixed reviews. It has become popular after years it was released.
Rusena Gelanteh

Rusena Gelanteh (born 6 March 1968) is an Indonesian archer. She competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate are Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs and primates of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Antonio Seguí

Antonio Segui (; 11 January 1934 - 26 February 2022) was an Argentine cartoonist, painter, engraver, book illustrator, and sculptor. Segui's work were seen at the MoMA, Buenos Aires Museum of Modern Art, and Centre Georges Pompidou, among others.
He died in Paris on 26 February 2022, at the age of 88.
Deaths in 2015

The following is a list of notable deaths in 2015. For notable deaths for each month, please see "Months". Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.
Terracotta

Terracotta, sometimes spelled terra cortta, is a red clay-based baked ceramic, usually unglazed.
Its uses include vessels, water and waste water pipes and surface embellishment in building construction, along with sculpture such as the Terracotta Army and Greek terracotta figurines. The term is also used to refer to items made out of this material and to its natural, brownish orange color, which varies considerably.
Production and properties
Clay is partially dried and cast, molded, or hand worked into the desired shape. After thorough drying, it is placed in a kiln, or atop combustible material in a pit, and then fired.
After pit firing the hot ware is covered with sand to cool, and after kiln firing the kiln is slowly cooled. When unglazed, the material will not be waterproof, but it is suitable for in-ground use to carry pressurized water (an archaic use), for garden ware, and sculpture or building decoration in tropical environments, and for oil containers, oil lamps, or ovens. Most other uses such as for table ware, sanitary piping, or building decoration in freezing environments require that the material be glazed. Terracotta, if uncracked, will ring if lightly struck, but not as brightly as will ware fired at higher temperature, which is called stoneware. The fired material is weak compared to stoneware.
Some types of terracotta are created from clay that includes recycled terracotta ("grog").
The unglazed color after firing can vary widely, but most common clays contain enough iron to cause an orange, orangish red, or brownish orange color, with this range including various colors described as "terracotta". Other colors include yellow, gray, and pink.
Ethernet switch

An ethernet switch is a device used to build a network connection between the attached computers using Ethernet port of computers(allows computers to talk to each other).It is an example of Packet switching.It differs from an ethernet hub: While a hub will send incoming data packets to all ports, a switch understands the packets' addressing scheme and will send any data packet only to its destination port, thus limiting the number of collisions (data sent at the same time).
Computer hardware
Computer networking
A switch is used in a wired network to connect to other devices using Ethernet cables. The switch allows each connected device to talk to the others. Wireless-only networks do not use switches because devices such as wireless routers and adapters communicate directly with one another.
Although you can use the ports on the back of a router or modem to connect a few Ethernet devices together, switches offer a number of advantages:
Switches allow you to connect dozens of devices.
Switches keep traffic between two devices from getting in the way of your other devices on the same network.
Switches allow you to control who has access to various parts of the network.
Switches allow you to monitor usage.
Switches allow communication (within your network) that's even faster than the Internet.
High-end switches can be tailored to your network needs with pluggable modules.
Pieve Ligure

Pieve Ligure is an Italian town in the region of Liguria in the province of Genoa in Italy. The population in Pieve Ligure is 2,458.
Pieve has a sea and hill environment. There are no beaches on the coast, but only rocks which people swim and free divew forom. The wildlife there is very varied from young catfish to octopus. The highest place of the town is S. Croce (516 m). The economy is based on agriculture and tourism.
Legal tender

Legal tender is fiat money, or currency (bank notes and coins). It has value because a government creates it and backs it, and people using it have faith in its value. Fiat money such as US dollars can be used as an exchange for goods and services.
The point is that other kinds of money have been used. Legal tender differs from commodity money and representative money. Commodity money is based on a "good", often a precious metal such as gold or silver, which is desired or has other uses. Representative money is a claim on the commodity rather than the actual good. In that case, the gold stays in a bank, and its ownership changes from time to time as the money is used. Why might a good be used at all? One reason is that governments cannot just make it. It is said that this stops inflation because, with fiat money, governments can just print more.
Some economists argue that an economy can only grow if it can produce more capital goods and not more money in the form of credit. This means that good economies must produce things rather than borrow money to buy things produced in other countries.
Alan Greenspan was an early critic of fiat money arguing that "Deficit spending is simply a scheme for the confiscation of wealth". He thought the value of money should be backed by gold. Richard Nixon ended gold backing for the United States dollar in 1971. Other countries also changed to Fiat currency.
Hsing Yin Shean

Leonard Hsing Yin Shean (, 1952 - 1 June 2021) was a Malaysian politician. He was a member of the Dewan Rakyat for Tanjong Aru from 1986 until 1990. He was also a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP). Hsing was born in Kota Kinabalu, North Borneo.
Hsing died on 1 June 2021 at a hospital in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia from COVID-19, aged 69.
Royal Commission

In states that are Commonwealth Realms a Royal Commission is a major government public inquiry into an important issue. They have been held in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Kenya and Saudi Arabia. In Hong Kong, Ireland and South Africa, they are called a Commission of Enquiry or Commission of Inquiry.
A Royal Commissioner has a lot of power, more than those of a judge but these are limited to the "Terms of Reference" of the Commission. The Commission is created by the Head of State (the Sovereign, or his/her representative in the form of a Governor-General or Governor) on the advice of the Government. In practice-unlike other forms of inquiry-once a Commission has started the government cannot stop it. Because of this governments are usually very careful about framing the Terms of Reference and generally include in them a date by which the commission must finish.
Royal Commissions are called to look into very important matters and usually controversy. For example, these can be about government structure, the treatment of minorities, or the events that had received concern from the public or economic questions.
Many Royal Commissions last many years and, often, a different government is left to respond to the findings. In Australia-and particularly New South Wales-Royal Commissions have been investigations into police and government corruption and organised crime. They have used the powers of the Royal Commissioner to force powerful, but corrupt, public officials to tell the truth.
Royal Commissions are usually run by one or more notable figures. Because of their legal powers the Commissioners are often retired senior judges.
Royal Commissions usually research issues, consult with experts both within and outside of government and the public as well. They can call witnesses under oath, offer indemnities, seize documents and other evidence (sometimes including those normally protected, such as classified information), holding hearings in camera, and can force all government officials to help the Commission.
The results of Royal Commissions are published in, often, massive reports of findings containing policy recommendations. They often have long and complex names, for example, the "Royal commission into whether there has been corrupt or criminal conduct by any Western Australian Police Officer". Because of this they are commonly known by the name of the main Commissioner. These reports are often quite important, with the government making some or all recommendations into law. The work of some Commissions have been almost completely ignored by the government. In other cases, where the Commissioner has not kept to the terms of reference, the commission has been stopped by a superior court.
Methods of computing square roots

There are a numbers of ways to calculate square roots of numbers, and even more ways to estimate them.
The mathematical operation of finding a root is the opposite operation of exponentiation, and therefore involves a similar but reverse thought process.
Firstly, one needs to know how precise the result is expected to be. This is because often square roots are irrational. For example, square root of a nice round whole number 28 is a fraction which in its decimal notation has infinite length, and therefore it is impossible to express it exactly:
Moreover, for some real numbers the square root is a complex number. For example, square root of -4 is a complex number 2i :
In many cases there may be multiple valid answers. For example, square root of 4 is 2, but -2 is also a valid answer. One can verify that they are both valid answers by squaring each candidate answer and checking if you obtain 4 as the result of verification:
Please note that calculating a square root is a special case of the problem of calculating Nth root.
Calculating
Most calculators provide a function for calculation of a square root.
Edward III of England

Edward III (13 November 1312-21 June 1377) was a King of England. He ruled for 50 years.
Edward was born on 13 November 1312 to Edward II & Isabella of France. He was the oldest out of 5 children of them. He has 2 younger brothers, Adam FitzRoy & John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall & 2 younger sisters, Joan of the Tower & Eleanor of Woodstock.
He made England the strongest military power during his reign.
Edward was crowned when he was fourteen years old, after his father was forced to abdicate. After his victory against the Scots, he declared himself heir to the French throne in 1337, and so started the Hundred Years' War. The war went very well for England; the victories of Crecy and Poitiers led up to the Treaty of Bretigny, by which he gained a lot of territory. When he became older, he was much less active, mostly a result of his bad health. He died of a stroke in 1377, aged 64.
Edward also established the Order of the Garter, and developed legislature and government. However, during his reign there was the Black Death.
Edward and his wife, Philippa of Hainault, had many children and, as they traveled, the children were generally known by where they were born (though the oldest son, Edward "of Woodstock," became known to later generations as Edward, the Black Prince). Prince Edward died before his father Edward III, and his older son, Edward "of Angouleme," had died a child, so younger son Richard "of Bordeaux" succeeded Edward III as Richard II of England before being deposed by his cousin Henry IV of England, whose father, John "of Gaunt", had married the heiress of Lancaster. His family, the House of Lancaster, fought the Wars of the Roses with the House of York descended from the daughter of Edward III's son Lionel "of Antwerp" (who was older than John) over who was the rightful king.
In his own time and for centuries after Edward III was praised a lot, but by Whig historians he was seen as an irresponsible adventurer. This view has turned, and modern historians see what a good king he was.
Toni Basil

Mary Antoinette Hoole (stage name Toni Basil; September 22, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, dancer and actress. She is best known by the 1982 hit single Mickey. In addition, she has performed in many movies. Basil was born in Philadelphia.
Paul Vallas

Paul Gust Vallas (born June 10, 1953) is an American civil servant and politician. He is a Democrat.
He was the superintendent of many schools across the United States. Some of those schools are in Philadelphia, New Orleans, Bridgeport, and Cook County.
He ran for governor and lietenant governor. He ran for Mayor of Chicago twice, once in 2019 and again in 2023 election.
CEO of Chicago Public Schools
Vallas was CEO of the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) from 1995 to 2001. He was hired by Mayor Richard M. Daley.
During his time at CPS, Vallas tried to fix the school system. President Bill Clinton said his work for raising test scores, balancing the budget, creating several new programs, including mandatory summer school and after-school programs was a model for the country.
In June 2001, Vallas announced his resignation. His resignation came soon after several failing standardized testing scores. Vallas's was CEO for six years. Thaat was more than twice the average time for school superintendents in large U.S. cities in the 1990s.
Political career
In 2002, Vallas ran for Governor, but lost the primary.<ref>Vallas interested in running for Illinois guv, Greg Hinz, Crain's Chicago Business', April 28, 2008</ref> Vallas ran for Lieutenant Governor of Illinois in 2014 with incumbent Governor Pat Quinn, but lost the election to Bruce Rauner and Evelyn Sanguinetti.
Vallas helped rebuild Haiti's school system after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti.
Running for mayor
In March 2018, Vallas ran in the 2019 Chicago mayoral election against Rahm Emanuel. He lost the election in the first-round of voting.
In June 2022, Vallas announced his candidacy for mayor again in the 2023 election. In February 2023, Vallas came in first place in the first round of voting and advanced to the April run-off election, facing Brandon Johnson. Johnson would go on to win the run-off election.
Running for governor
Vallas ran for Governor of Illinois in 2002, but he lost the Democratic nomination. In 2014, he was the Lieutenant Governor of Illinois Democratic nominee. However, lost the general election.
Personal life
Vallas was born in Chicago and grew up in the Roseland neighborhood on Chicago's South Side. He spent his teen years living in Palos Heights. He went to Moraine Valley Community College and then graduated from Western Illinois University, where he received a bachelor's degree in history and political science, a master's degree in political science, and a teaching certificate.
Vallas is married to Sharon Vallas and they have three sons. One son died of an opioid overdose.
1983 United Kingdom general election

A general election was held on 9 June 1983 to elect all 650 members to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Conservative Party won by the largest majority since Labour in the 1945 general election. It meant that Margaret Thatcher stayed as Prime Minister.
Command economy

A command economy or planned economy is where the big decisions are made at the centre by the government. In an economic system the main decisions are, for example, allocating resources like labour, capital and minerals. Prices, too, are controlled. In a command economy, these decisions are taken by a central body, usually the government.
This system contrasts that of a market economy where all the economic actors involved make decisions. The benefit of a planned economy is that the planners (supposedly) know all about what is happening, and can make a better decision than in the market economy. Countries at war sometimes command their people to make things the war needs; the major powers in World War II did this.
Friedrick von Hayek, a 20th-century economist, thought that it is not possible for the planning body to have perfect information. For this reason, the decisions taken by this body will be wrong, as it is not possible to foresee all possible events. Once the decision has been taken there is only a small margin to vary the production; this means that a planned economy cannot adapt to a change as rapidly as a market economy. According to Ludwig von Mises, there is no competition, and there are no reasons to innovate or to look for different solutions to a problem, in a planned economy.
Planned economies contrast with unplanned economies, specifically market economies, where autonomous firms operating in markets make decisions about production, distribution, pricing and investment. Market economies that use indicative planning are variously referred to as planned market economies, mixed economies and mixed market economies. A command economy follows an administrative-command system and uses Soviet-type economic planning which was characteristic of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc before most of these countries converted to market economies. This highlights the central role of hierarchical administration and public ownership of production in guiding the allocation of resources in these economic systems.
Christian Keglevits

Christian Keglevits (born 29 January 1961 in Weiden bei Rechnitz) is a retired Austrian footballer. He played in Austria as striker mainly for SK Rapid Wien and Wiener Sport-Club. He also played for the Austrian national football team.
Club career
He started his career at SC Eisenstadt and also played for SK Rapid Wien, Wiener Sportclub, LASK Linz and SV Austria Salzburg. With Rapid he won two league titles and two domestic cups.
International career
He earned 18 caps and scored 3 goals for the Austria national football team from 1980 to 1991, 3 games of those in World Cup qualification matches, He participated in the 1990 FIFA World Cup. His last international was a November 1991 European Championship qualification match against Yugoslavia.
Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)

The Battle of al-Hasakah, also known as the Al-Hasakah riot is a current Islamic State attack and prison riot. IS are freeing their group's imprisoned fighters from al-Sina'a prison in the Ghuwayran area of al-Hasakah city. This city is under the control of the Kurdish Administration of northern Syria.
Battles previously occurred in al-Hasakah in 2015 and 2016.
Norman architecture

The term Norman architecture is used to categorize styles of Romanesque architecture made by the Normans in the land that was under their control or influence in the 11th and 12th centuries.
Jarret Johnson

Jarret Webster Johnson (born August 14, 1981) is an American former professional football outside linebacker. He played 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Baltimore Ravens and San Diego Chargers. He played college football at the University of Alabama. Johnson appreciated as an "unsung hero" and defensive leader by Baltimore fans. Johnson scored two career touchdowns and was a steady presence on a great Ravens defense.
On March 14, 2012, Johnson signed a 4-year contract with the San Diego Chargers. On February 24, 2015, Johnson announced that he was retiring from playing professional football.
Suvra Mukherjee

Suvra Mukherjee (September 17, 1940 - August 18, 2015) was the First Lady of India from 2012 until her death in 2015. She was the wife of Indian President Pranab Mukherjee from 1957 until her death in 2015.
Mukherjee died of respiratory failure caused by lung cancer at a hospital in New Delhi, India, aged 74.
Knœrsheim

Knoersheim (; Alsatian: Knersche) is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Geography
Knoersheim is placed about to the southeast of Saverne. Neighbouring communes are Westhouse-Marmoutier to the north, Zeinheim to the east, Rangen to the southeast, Zehnacker to the south and Jetterswiller to the west.
Crest (physics)

A crest is the point on a wave with the greatest positive value or upward displacement in a cycle. A trough is the opposite of a crest.
When the crest and the trough of two waves of equal magnitude and frequency intersect or collide when in phase with each other the result is called constructive interference and the magnitudes double (above and below the line), when 180deg out of phase the result is destructive interference with each other the resulting wave is the undisturbed line that is in the middle of the diagram having zero amplitude.
In other words, the wave crest is called a peak.
Belfast

Belfast (Irish: Beal Feirste) is the capital of Northern Ireland. It is the second largest city in Ireland, after Dublin. About 270,000 people live in the city. It became capital of Northern Ireland when Northern Ireland was created in 1921. A lot of famous ships were built by the Belfast shipyard Harland and Wolff. In 1911 they built the RMS Titanic.
Lolo Matalasi Moliga

Lolo Letalu Matalasi Moliga (born 1949) is an American Samoan politician, former educator, businessman, and former President of the Development Bank of American Samoa (DBAS) from 2009 to 2012. Moliga was a candidate for Governor of American Samoa in the 2012 election which he won. He left office in 2021.
Freddie Highmore

Alfred Thomas "Freddie" Highmore (born 14 February 1992) is an English Actor and Director. He is known for his film roles in Women Talking Dirty (1999), Finding Neverland (2004), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), and The Spiderwick Chronicles (2008). He has appeared as a television actor in 2 TV series: as Norman Bates in the A&E drama series Bates Motel (2013-2017), and as autistic resident surgeon Dr. Shaun Murphy in The Good Doctor (2017-2020) on ABC TV.
Highmore won a Saturn Award in 2007. He also twice won the Critic's Choice awards for Best Young Performer in a film.
Division of Sturt

The Division of Sturt is an Australian electoral division in South Australia. It was set up in 1949, and named for Captain Charles Sturt, an explorer and the first European to visit the Murray River.
It includes the Adelaide suburbs of Athelstone, Burnside, Campbelltown, Dernancourt, Frewville, Gilles Plains, Glynde, Glenside, Hectorville, Highbury, Hillcrest, Holden Hill, Kensington, Klemzig, Magill, Marden, Paradise, Tranmere and parts of Payneham and Rostrevor.