July 7

Events
Up to 1900
1456 - A retrial verdict clears Joan of Arc of heresy, 25 years after she was burnt to death at the stake.
1534 - The first exchange between Europeans and Native Americans takes place in present-day New Brunswick.
1543 - French troops invade Luxembourg.
1575 - Raid of the Redeswine, the last major battle between England and Scotland.
1585 - The Treaty of Nemours bans tolerance of Protestants in France.
1770 - The Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire is fought.
1777 - American Revolutionary War: American forces retreating from Fort Ticonderoga are defeated at the Battle of Hubbardton.
1807 - Napoleonic Wars: The Peace of Tilsit between France, Russia and Prussia ends the War of the Fourth Coalition.
1846 - California is annexed by the United States.
1865 - The conspirators in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, are executed.
1881 - Pinocchio, written by Carlo Collodi, is published for the first time.
1898 - Hawaii becomes a United States Territory.
1901 2000
1911 - The United States, United Kingdom, France and Russia sign the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911, banning open-water seal hunting.
1915 - World War I: End of the First Battle of Isonzo.
1915 - An International Railway trolley overloaded with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, Canada, killing 15 people.
1928 - Commercially sliced bread is first sold in Chillicothe, Missouri.
1930 - Work on the Hoover Dam begins.
1937 - The Second Sino-Japanese War begins.
1941 - World War II: US forces land in Iceland.
1944 - World War II: American forces carry out an air raid over Leipzig, Germany.
1946 - Mother Francesca S. Cabrini becomes the first American to be canonized.
1947 - Roswell incident: Alleged crash of an alien spaceship in Roswell, New Mexico, United States.
1953 - Che Guevara starts out on a trip through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador.
1956 - Fritz Moravec and two other Austrian mountaineers become the first people climb Gasherbrum II in the Himalayas.
1958 - Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into law, allowing Alaska to become a State of the US on January 3, 1959.
1974 - West Germany beats the Netherlands 2-1 to win its second FIFA World Cup.
1978 - The Solomon Islands become independent.
1980 - Sharia law is installed in Iran.
1980 - During the Civil War in Lebanon, 83 Tiger militants are killed during what becomes known as the Safra massacre.
1981 - Ronald Reagan appoints Sandra Day O'Connor as the first female member of the United States Supreme Court.
1983 - US schoolgirl Samantha Smith visits the Soviet Union, after an invitation from Yuri Andropov. Samantha Smith had written him a letter, expressing her fears over a nuclear war.
1985 - Boris Becker wins his first Wimbledon tennis title, aged 17.
1991 - The Brioni Agreement ends the 10-day independence war in Slovenia against the rest of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
From 2001
2003 - NASA's Opportunity rover is launched into space on a Delta II rocket.
2003 - A Boeing 737 of Sudan Airways crashes in Port Sudan, Sudan, shortly after take-off, killing 116 people.
2005 - Four suicide bombers kill 52 people on London's public transport system. They are the first suicide bombers ever to strike in Europe.
2007 - Live Earth concerts take place worldwide, promoting protection of the Environment.
2009 - A public funeral service is held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, for Michael Jackson, who had died on June 25 aged 50.
2011 - Part of a roof at a football stadium in Enschede, the Netherlands, collapses, killing at least one person.
2011 - Adolf Hitler is removed as an honorary citizen in his birthplace of Braunau am Inn in Austria.
2013 - Andy Murray defeats Novak Djokovic to win the men's singles title at Wimbledon, becoming the first British player in 77 years (since Fred Perry) to win the men's title there.
2017 - A treaty banning nuclear weapons is voted for by 124 out of 193 countries.
Births
Up to 1900
1053 - Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1129)
1119 - Emperor Sutoku of Japan (d. 1164)
1207 - Elizabeth of Hungary (d. 1231)
1528 - Archduchess Anna of Austria (d. 1590)
1656 - Guru Har Kishan, 8th Sikh Guru (d. 1664)
1752 - Joseph-Marie Jacquard, French inventor (d. 1834)
1805 - Victor de Tornaco, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 1875)
1836 - Rudolf Wolf, Swiss astronomer and mathematician (d. 1893)
1843 - Camillo Golgi, Italian doctor, won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1926)
1846 - Heinrich Rosenthal, Estonian nationalist leader, doctor and author (d. 1916)
1848 - Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, 5th President of Brazil (d. 1919)
1852 - Vera Figner, Russian revolutionary (d. 1942)
1855 - Ludwig Ganghofer, German writer (d. 1920)
1860 - Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911)
1861 - Nettie Stevens, American geneticist (d. 1912)
1873 - A. Victor Donahey, American politician, 50th Governor of Ohio (d. 1946)
1874 - Wladyslaw Grabski, Polish politician, economist and historian (d. 1938)
1880 - Otto Frederick Rohwedder, American engineer, invented commercially sliced bread (d. 1960)
1882 - Yanka Kupala, Belarussian writer (d. 1942)
1883 - Toivo Kuula, Finnish composer and conductor (d. 1918)
1884 - Lion Feuchtwanger, German dramatist (d. 1958)
1887 - Marc Chagall, Belarussian-born painter (d. 1985)
1891 - Tadamichi Kuribayashi, Japanese general (d. 1945)
1891 - Virginia Rappe, American model and actress (d. 1921)
1893 - Herbert Feis, American author (d. 1972)
1893 - Miroslav Krloza, Croatian author, poet and playwright (d. 1981)
1898 - Arnold Horween, American football player (d. 1985)
1898 - Teresa Hsu Chi Sing, Singaporean social worker and supercentenarian (d. 2011)
1899 - George Cukor, American director (d. 1983)
1900 - Earle E. Partridge, American general (d. 1990)
1901 1950
1901 - Vittorio De Sica, Italian actor and director (d. 1974)
1901 - Sam Katzman, American director and producer (d. 1973)
1901 - Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese cinematographer (d. 1970)
1903 - Ralph Tarrant, English supercentenarian (d. 2013)
1906 - Anton Karas, Austrian zither player (d. 1985)
1906 - Satchel Paige, American baseball player (d. 1982)
1906 - William Feller, American mathematician (d. 1970)
1907 - Robert A. Heinlein, American writer (d. 1988)
1911 - Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-born composer (d. 2007)
1911 - Gretchen Franklin, English actress (d. 2005)
1913 - Pinetop Perkins, American musician (d. 2011)
1917 - Iva Withers, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 2014)
1917 - Fidel Sanchez Hernandez, President of El Salvador (d. 2003)
1919 - Jon Pertwee, British actor (d. 1996)
1921 - Ezzard Charles, American boxer (d. 1975)
1924 - Mary Ford, American singer and guitarist (d. 2007)
1927 - Henri Dirickx, Belgian footballer (d. 2018)
1927 - Alan J. Dixon, former United States Senator for Illinois (d. 2014)
1930 - Hamish MacInnes, Scottish mountaineer and author
1930 - Theodore Edgar McCarrick, American cardinal
1930 - Hank Mobley, American jazz composer (d. 1986)
1931 - David Eddings, American writer (d. 2009)
1932 - Joe Zawinul, Austrian-American keyboardist and composer (d. 2007)
1936 - Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician (d. 2013)
1937 - Tung Chee-hwa, Chinese politician
1938 - Jan Assmann, German Egyptologist and cultural theorist
1939 - Elena Obraztsova, Russian soprano and actress (d. 2015)
1940 - Ringo Starr, English drummer (in the Beatles)
1940 - Wolfgang Clement, German politician, former Prime Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia
1941 - Michael Howard, British politician
1941 - Bill Oddie, British comedian and ornithologist
1943 - Toto Cutugno, Italian singer-songwriter
1944 - Feleti Sevele, former Prime Minister of Tonga
1944 - Tony Jacklin, English golfer
1944 - Glenys Kinnock, Welsh politician
1945 - Michael Ancram, English-Scottish lawyer and politician
1945 - Manuel Chaves, Spanish politician, former Prime Minister of Andalusia
1945 - Matti Salminen, Finnish opera singer
1947 - Gyanendra, former King of Nepal
1947 - Victor Manuel, Spanish singer-songwriter
1947 - Rob Townsend, English drummer
1948 - Kathy Reichs, American writer and forensic anthropologist
1949 - Shelley Duvall, American actress
1950 - Gerda Hasselfeldt, German politician
1950 - Vaughn Armstrong, American actor
1951 1975
1952 - Mando Guerrero, Mexican-American wrestler and stuntman
1954 - Rami Fortis, Israeli singer
1955 - Rolf Saxon, American actor and voice actor
1957 - Berry Sakharof, Israeli singer
1957 - Jonathan Dayton, American director and producer
1958 - Alexander Svinin, Russian figure skater and coach
1959 - Billy Campbell, American actor
1959 - Jessica Hahn, American model and actress
1959 - Alessandro Nannini, Italian racing driver
1960 - Kevin A. Ford, American colonel and astronaut
1960 - Ralph Sampson, American basketball player and coach
1963 - Vonda Shepard, American singer-songwriter
1963 - Geir Karlstad, Norwegian speed skater
1964 - Jennifer Gibney, Irish actress
1965 - Jeremy Guscott, English rugby player
1965 - Jeremy Kyle, English television presenter
1966 - Gundula Krause, German-American violinist
1968 - Amy Carlson, American actress
1968 - Jorja Fox, American actress
1969 - Sylke Otto, German luger
1969 - Joe Sakic, Canadian ice hockey player
1970 - Robia LaMorte, American actress
1970 - Zoe Tyler, English voice coach, singer and performer
1970 - Erik Zabel, German cyclist
1972 - Lisa Leslie, American basketball player
1972 - Kirsten Vangsness, American actress
1973 - Kailash Kher, Indian singer
1973 - Troy Garity, American actor
1973 - Karlis Skrastins, Latvian ice hockey player (d. 2011)
1973 - Natsuki Takaya, Japanese illustrator
1974 - Jennifer Jones, Canadian curler
1975 - Nina Hoss, German actress
1975 - Richard Arkless, Scottish politician
From 1976
1976 - Vasily Petrenko, Russian conductor
1976 - Erciment Olgundeniz, Turkish athlete
1976 - Hamish Linklater, American actor
1980 - Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
1981 - Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Indian cricketer
1981 - Synyster Gates, American guitarist (Avenged Sevenfold)
1982 - George Owu, Ghanaian footballer
1983 - Justin Davies, Australian footballer
1983 - Jakob Poulsen, Danish footballer
1984 - Alberto Aquilani, Italian footballer
1985 - Brandon Rush, American basketball player
1986 - Ana Kasparian, American journalist and producer
1987 - Julianna Guill, American actress
1988 - Iban Rubin, American drummer
1988 - Kaci Brown, American singer
1988 - Jack Whitehall, English comedian and actor
1989 - Kim Bum, South Korean actor and singer
1991 - Alesso, Swedish DJ and producer
1992 - Toni Garrn, German model
1994 - Ashton Irwin, Australian singer, 5 Seconds of Summer.
1997 - Erina Ikuta, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
1998 - Dylan Sprayberry, American actor
2000 - Princess Purnika of Nepal
Deaths
Up to 1900
1162 - Haakon II of Norway (b. 1147)
1304 - Pope Benedict XI (b. 1240)
1307 - King Edward I of England (b. 1239)
1537 - Madeleine of Valois, French-born Queen Consort of James V of Scotland (b. 1520)
1647 - Thomas Hooker, English Puritan settler in Connecticut (b. 1586)
1718 - Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia (b. 1690)
1790 - Francois Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher (b. 1721)
1819 - Sophie Blanchard, French balloonist (b. 1778)
1865 - Conspirators in the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln:
George Atzerodt (b. 1853)
David Herold (b. 1842)
Lewis Payne (b. 1844)
Mary Surratt (b. 1823)
1889 - Giovanni Bottesini, Italian composer, conductor and double-bass virtuoso (b. 1821)
1890 - Henri Nestle, German confectioner and businessman (b. 1814)
1901 2000
1901 - Johanna Spyri, Swiss writer (b. 1827)
1922 - Cathal Brugha, Irish soldier and politician (b. 1874)
1930 - Arthur Conan Doyle, British writer (b. 1859)
1932 - Alexander Grin, Russian author (b. 1880)
1932 - Henry Eyster Jacobs, American theologian and educator (b. 1844)
1939 - Deacon White, American baseball player and manager (b. 1847)
1950 - Fats Navarro, American trumpeter and composer (b. 1923)
1954 - Idabelle Smith Firestone, American composer and songwriter (b. 1874)
1956 - Gottfried Benn, German author and poet (b. 1886)
1964 - Lillian Copeland, American discus thrower (b. 1904)
1965 - Moshe Sharett, Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1894)
1967 - Vivian Leigh, British actress (b. 1913)
1971 - Ub Iwerks, American artist, director, and cartoonist (b. 1901)
1972 - King Talal of Jordan (b. 1909)
1972 - Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople (b. 1886)
1973 - Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (b. 1895)
1973 - Veronica Lake, American actress and singer (b. 1922)
1976 - Walter Giesler, American soccer player and referee (b. 1910)
1976 - Gustav Heinemann, President of Germany (b. 1899)
1978 - Francisco Mendes, 1st Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1933)
1983 - Herman Kahn, American futurologist (b. 1922)
1984 - Carl Bienish, American BASE jumper and cinematographer (b. 1941)
1987 - Germaine Thyssens-Valentin, Dutch-French pianist (b. 1902)
1990 - Bill Cullen, American game show host (b. 1920)
1990 - Cazuza, Brazilian singer-songwriter (b. 1958)
1992 - Josy Barthel, Luxembourgish athlete (b. 1927)
1993 - Mia Zapata, American singer-songwriter (b. 1965)
1994 - Carlo Chiti, Italian engineer (b. 1924)
1994 - Cameron Mitchell, American actor (b. 1918)
1998 - Lenore Romney, mother of Mitt Romney (b. 1908)
From 2001
2003 - Izhak Graziani, Bulgarian conductor (b. 1924)
2003 - Vlado Kristl, Croatian painter, animator and director (b. 1923)
2006 - Syd Barrett, British musician (b. 1946)
2006 - Rudi Carrell, Dutch singer and entertainer (b. 1934)
2008 - Giovanni Viola, Italian footballer (b. 1926)
2008 - Dorian Leigh, American model (b. 1917)
2012 - Mouss Diouf, French actor (b. 1964)
2012 - Leon Schlumpf, Swiss politician (b. 1925)
2013 - Anna Wing, English actress (b. 1914)
2014 - Peter Underwood, 27th Governor of Tasmania (b. 1937)
2014 - Eduard Shevardnadze, Soviet-Georgian politician, Soviet foreign minister and President of Georgia (b. 1928)
2014 - Andrew Mango, Turkish-British journalist (b. 1926)
2014 - Alfredo Di Stefano, Argentine-Spanish footballer (b. 1926)
2014 - Dick Jones, American actor (b. 1927)
2015 - Maria Barroso, Portuguese actress and politician (b. 1925)
2015 - Fons van Wissen, Dutch footballer (b. 1933)
2016 - Sally Beauman, British writer (b. 1944)
2016 - James Gilbert, Scottish television producer (b. 1923)
2016 - Leonard Lee, Canadian businessman (b. 1938)
2016 - Cinna Lomnitz, German-born Chilean-Mexican geophysicist (b. 1925)
2016 - John O'Rourke, English footballer (b. 1945)
2016 - Wolfram Siebeck, German journalist and food critic (b. 1928)
2017 - Pam McConnell, Canadian politician (b. 1946)
2017 - Egil Monn-Iversen, Norwegian composer (b. 1928)
2017 - Jean-Pierre Bernard, French actor (b. 1933)
2017 - Pierrette Bloch, French-Swiss artist (b. 1928)
2017 - James B. Nutter Sr., American mortgage lender, philanthropist and power broker (b. 1928)
2017 - Marina Ratner, Russian-American mathematician (b. 1938)
2017 - Kenneth Silverman, American biographer (b. 1936)
2018 - William Dunlop, Northern Irish motorcyclist (b. 1985)
2018 - Hacene Lalmas, Algerian footballer (b. 1943)
2018 - Levko Lukyanenko, Ukrainian politician (b. 1928)
2018 - Firuz Mustafayev, Azerbaijani politician and former Prime minister of Azerbaijan (b. 1933)
Observances
National Holiday of the Solomon Islands
Tanabata Matsuri (Japan)
San Fermin festival in Pamplona, northern Spain: the bull run takes place.