Santiago Province (Dominican Republic)

Santiago is a Dominican province in the north central part of the country. Its capital city is Santiago de los Caballeros, the second largest city in the country, and the province takes its name from that city.
The province is in the eastern part of the Yaque del Norte Valley and the River Yaque del Norte runs through the province. The Yaque del Norte Valley, also named Linea Noroeste ("Northwestern Line"), is the western section of the Cibao Valley.
History
The province has been an important administrative territory since colonial times. Because it was an important centre, its capital city was occupied by French and Haitian armies that came from the northwest border.
It was one of the original five provinces created by the first Dominican Constitution in 1844; its territory was the northwest of the country and part of the north coast (Puerto Plata), from Monte Cristi and Dajabon to the west to Moca to the east. Moca was made part of the La Vega province in 1854.
Several provinces were created with part of its original territory: Puerto Plata in 1865, Monte Cristi in 1879, Dajabon in 1938, Santiago Rodriguez in 1950 and, last, Valverde in 1959.
San Jose de las Matas is a municipality of the province since 1844; later, other municipalities were created: Janico in 1881, Tamboril in 1907, Bisono in 1961, Licey al Medio in 1984, Villa Gonzalez in 1991, Punal in 2006 and Sabana Iglesia in 2007.
The municipal districts of the province were created in:
1983 : Pedro Garcia
1993 : Baitoa
1997 : La Canela
1998 : Juncalito and El Rubio
2001 : San Francisco de Jacagua and Palmar Arriba
2002 : El Limon
2003 : Hato del Yaque, Las Placetas and La Cuesta
2004 : El Caimito
2005 : Las Palomas
2006 : Canca la Piedra, Guayabal and Canabacoa
Location
The Santiago province is bordered to the northwest by the province of Valverde, to the north by Puerto Plata, to the east by the Espaillat and La Vega provinces, to the south by San Juan and to the west by Santiago Rodriguez.
Population
In (last national census), there were people living in the Santiago province, and 728,484 () living in towns and cities. The population density was persons/km2.
Its population represents of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 3rd (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.
, the total estimated propulation of the province is 1,015,397 inhabitants.
The largest city of the province is Santiago de los Caballeros, its head municipality or capital, with an urban population (in ) of 550,753 inhabitants.
The population of Santiago is composed of blacks, mixed, and whites.
Geography
The Santiago province has a total area of . It has of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 3rd (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province.
The altitude of the provincial capital, Santiago de los Caballeros, is above sea level.
The province of Santiago is divided in three regions: the Cordillera Septentrional ("Northern mountain range") in the north, the Yaque del Norte Valley in the centre, and the Cordillera Central ("Central mountain range") in the south.
The Cordillera Septentrional mountain range runs across the north of the province; the highest mountain of this range, Pico Diego de Ocampo, high, is in this province, on the border with the Puerto Plata province. The range is covered with rainforests because it rains a lot there; the trade winds (winds that come from the northeast, from the Atlantic Ocean) bring a lot of water that falls on the mountains.
South of the Cordillera Septentrional is the Yaque del Norte Valley; from the city of Santiago de los Caballeros to the west, this is a very dry valley because the trade winds cannot go over the Cordillera Septentrional and so it does not rain enough over the valley. But people here uses the water of the Yaque del Norte river for farming.
The Cordillera Central is in the southern half of the province. The highest mountains of the country, the island and the Caribbean are here, on the border with the San Juan province: Pico Duarte, , and others above . This mountain range is covered with pine forests, except close to rivers where there are rainforests.
The most important river is Yaque del Norte which crosses the province from south to north, first, and then it turns to the northwest. All the other rivers in the province are tributaries of the Yaque del Norte except the Licey river that comes from the Cordillera Septentrional and flows to the east; Licey is a tributary of the Yuna river.
Climate
The climate of the province is a tropical climate, hot most of the year, but it is cooler in the mountains.
Municipalities
There are 9 municipalities and 16 municipal districts (M.D.) in the province.
Economy
The economy of the province is based on farming and industry; because there is not a coast, tourism is not so important as in other parts of the country.
It is the second economic centre of the country, after the Greater Santo Domingo (Distrito Nacional and the Santo Domingo Province). It has a significant commerce and many industries, especially textiles, food and cement. Most of these industries are in Santiago de los Caballeros and Tamboril; the tobacco industry is also important in Villa Bisono.
Farming is very important in the province. Poultry and pigs are raised in Licey al Medio. Cattle are raised in the south central and western parts of the province.
Coffee is grown in the mountains, plantain and cassava in Licey al Medio and rice, fruits and vegetables in the western part of the province. Tobacco is grown in all the lowlands of the province but the best types are grown around the cities of Bisono and Villa Gonzalez.