kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Caaguazú Department

Caaguazu () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Coronel Oviedo. Its ISO 3166-2 code is PY-05.
History
In 1712, Gregorio Bazan de Pedraza founded the town of Villa de San Isidro Labrador de Curuguaty, followed by Ybytimi in 1715, San Joaquin in 1746, and Carayao in 1770.
The department was created in 1906 with the name of Yhu; the town of Yhu was named as the capital of the department. Other towns were Ajos (present day Coronel Oviedo), Carayao, San Joaquin and Caaguazu. Upon territorial reorganization in 1945, it was given the name of Caaguazu.
Its present limits were defined in 1973.
Geography
The Caaguazu department is in middle of the Oriental region. It has an area of , of the area of Paraguay. Its estimated population in 2013 is 484,177 for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
The Caaguazu mountain range crosses the department from the north to the south. The main river in the department, and of Paraguay, is the Paraguay.
Limits
To the north: San Pedro and Canindeyu departments.
To the east: Alto Parana department.
To the south: Guaira and Caazapa departments.
To the west: Cordillera and Paraguari departments.
Climate
, the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of Coronel Oviedo was . The month with the most precipitation was April with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was August with .
The average temperature for the year 2012 in Coronel Oviedo was . The warmest month, on average, was December with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .
Ranjit Singh Ahir

Ranjit Singh Ahir (also known as Ranjit Ram) was one of the commanders of rebel army in the Indian rebellion of 1857 in Bihar, he fought against British East India Company under the leadership of Kunwar Singh. He belonged to family of Bihari Yadava of Shahpur-Bihiya Pargana, currently part of Bhojpur district, Bihar.
Early life
Ranjit Singh Ahir was born in 1802 to an Yadava family of Shahpur village of Bihiya Pargana in Bhojpur district. His father's name was Parsanram Ahir.
Since an early age, Ranjit Singh Ahir was working for the British East India Company, he was a Havildar in the first company of the 40th Platoon, his job was to distribute salaries to the soldiers.
Role in the 1857 rebellion
On July 25, 1857, the sepoys revolted in Danapur, Ranjit Singh Ahir also participated in the rebellion, they looted weapons from Danapur and marched off towards Arrah.
Subedar Sitaram, Ranjit Singh Ahir and other rebel soldiers first captured the Koilvar bridge and then marched to Arrah and joined famous rebel leader Kunwar Singh.
Frisian people

The Frisians are a group of people of northwestern Europe, living in an area known as Frisia. They are mainly in the Dutch areas of Friesland and Groningen and, in Germany, East Frisia and North Frisia. They are said to be a tall, big-boned and light-haired people with a rich history and folklore.
History
In Roman times
The Frisians were able to make an agreement with the Romans at the River Rhine in 28 CE. Sixteen years later they defeated the Romans under Tiberius at the Battle of Baduhennawood. The Frisii were known and respected by the Romans and were written about by several writers. Tacitus wrote about the Germanic peoples in 69 CE, describing the habits of the Germanic people, as well as listing a lot of Frisian groups by name. Of the many groups he listed, the Frisians are the only ones that have kept their old name.
The Frisians probably used boats. The North Sea from Britain to Eastern Denmark, was called Mare Frisia at that time. Small groups of Frisians settled the lands around them and their homes have been found in England, Scotland, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, France and The Netherlands.
Their land followed the edge of the North Sea from the mouth of the Rhine river up to that of the Ems. The Ems was the eastern edge of their land according to Ptolemy's Geographica.
In the 5th century, the Anglo-Saxons went through Frisian territory to invade Great Britain. A lot of Frisians moved with them. The Frisians who stayed in Europe moved into the lands where the Anglo-Saxons used to live.
Ruth Hawney

Ruth Hawney is a British water polo player. She was part of the Great Britain women's national water polo team at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships.
Bodhisattva

A bodhisattva is a Buddhist who is on their way to become a Buddha. They have attained a certain level of enlightenment, but decide not to enter Nirvana so that they can continue helping living beings in the world.
The word Bodhisattva can also refer to certain specific bodhisattvas such as Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri and Vajrapani.
Many bodhisattvas made a special vow that defines their personality or method of helping people. For example, Kshitigarbha vowed not to attain enlightenment until there were no more beings in hell. Some Buddhas, such as Amitabha, made certain vows when they were bodhisattvas. He became a Buddha when these vows were fulfilled.
Bernice Falk Haydu

Bernice "Bee" Falk Haydu (December 15, 1920 - January 30, 2021) was an American aviator. She was a Women Airforce Service Pilot (WASP) in World War II. Haydu remained active in aviation and has been an activist for women pilots into her 90s. Haydu was born in Montclair, New Jersey.
From 1978 to 1980 she was president of Women Military Aviators. She was one of the three surviving WASPs present in the Oval Office in 2009, when Barack Obama awarded the Congressional Gold Medal to the WASPs for their service.
Haydu turned 100 in December 2020. She died a month later on January 30, 2021.
Bokoshe, Oklahoma

Bokoshe is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
Closeted

Closeted and in the closet are metaphors used to describe lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) people who for some reason have not disclosed their sexual orientation, gender identity or intersex characteristics. People who have declared this identity are said to have "come out of the closet."
Reading list
Epistemology of the Closet (reprinted 1992) by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, .
Dossie Easton, Janet Hardy, When Someone You Love Is Kinky, Greenery Press, 2000. .
Say It Ain't So

"Say It Ain't So" is a 1995 song by American rock band Weezer. It is the third and final single from their debut studio album Weezer (The Blue Album). It went to number 37 in the United Kingdom and number 43 in Scotland. It is frequently voted as the best songs by Weezer.
Track listing
Standard CD, 10-inch, and cassette single
"Say It Ain't So" (remix) - 4:17
"No One Else" (live and acoustic) - 3:15
"Jamie" (live and acoustic) - 3:53
All live acoustic tracks were recorded on 99X in Atlanta, Georgia.
Frederick McMahon

Frederick Joseph McMahon (1914 - March 6, 1988) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was a public official in Ontario. As a lawyer, McMahon was best known for defending the bank robber Edwin Alonzo Boyd and his brother Norman in their 1952 trials. He was also reeve of North York, Ontario. Later, he was a provincial judge.
McMahon was born in Toronto. He studied law at Osgoode Hall before joining the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. After his time in the Navy, he began his law practice in the Toronto suburb of North York. In 1945, He moved to the township of North York and begun his law practice.
McMahon was first elected to North York township council in January 1950. In 1952, he ran against reeve Nelson Boylen. He defeated Boylen in an upset victory by more than 1,500 votes. In the campaign, he promised to bring industry to the mostly rural municipality. He also promised to expand the municipal government to match North York's population growth since the war.
McMahon feared that North York was facing bankruptcy. This caused him to support the province's proposal to join with the city of Toronto and its 12 surrounding townships and villages to create Metropolitan Toronto in 1953.
McMahon was re-elected in 1953, 1954, and 1955.
As a member of Metropolitan Toronto's executive committee, McMahon supported the fluoridation of water. He tried to enter provincial politics in the 1955 provincial election. McMahon ran as the Liberal candidate in York Centre. He lost to Conservative Thomas Graham. McMahon did try to be re-elected in 1956.
In 1969, the provincial government appointed McMahon to the bench as a provincial court judge.
Louis VIII of France

Louis VIII (5 September 1187 - 8 November 1226) was King of France from 1223 to 1226. From 1216 to 1217, he invaded and claimed the Kingdom of England (he was never crowned). This was part of the rebellion by the barons against King John.
Quintana Redonda

Quintana Redonda is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Brownsboro, Texas

Brownsboro is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Hisashi Kato

is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kato was born in Rifu, Miyagi on April 24, 1956. After graduating from Waseda University, after a year's blank, he joined Japan Soccer League club Yomiuri (later Verdy Kawasaki) in 1980. The club won the champions in Japan Soccer League 5 times, JSL Cup 2 times and Emperor's Cup 3 times. This was golden era in club history. In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and founded new league J1 League. The club won 1992 J.League Cup. First J1 League season in 1993, although he played in opening match, he lost opportunity to play after that. So, he moved to Shimizu S-Pulse in July. In July 1994, he returned to Verdy Kawasaki. The club won J1 League and retired end of 1994 season. He was 38 years old. He played 243 games and scored 11 goals in the league. He was selected Best Eleven 9 times.
On November 19, 1978, when Kato was a Waseda University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Soviet Union. He played at 1978 and 1982 Asian Games. From 1984, he served as captain and played at 1984 Summer Olympics qualification, 1986 World Cup qualification, 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Summer Olympics qualification. At 1988 Olympics qualification in 1987, Japan failed to qualify for 1988 Summer Olympics and he retired from national team. He played 61 games and scored 6 goals for Japan until 1987.
After retirement, Kato became a manager for Verdy Kawasaki in 1997. But he resigned in July. In 2000, he signed with J2 League club Shonan Bellmare. However the club finished 8th place, he was sacked end of 2000 season. In 2007, he signed with J2 club Kyoto Sanga FC and became a general manager. However he sacked manager Naohiko Minobe and Kato became new manager in October. He led the club to won the 3rd place in 2007 and promoted to J1 League. In July 2010, he was sacked.
In 2018, Kato was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.
Al-Badr (East Pakistan)

Al-Badar (aal bdr) was a paramilitary force formed in East Pakistan in 1971 by the national Pakistan Army.
Al-Badar means The Battlefield of Badar. The politics of the force were intermingled with jihad, the religious war or holy war of Muhammad 1400 years earlier. However, the war between Pakistan and Bengali separatists was a nationalistic war, not a religious one.
Background
On March 27, 1971, after beginning the Pakistani Civil War, Pakistani military forces needed military support from Bengali nationalists supporters who still wanted to be part of Pakistan, or did not like Indian involvement in the movement; as well as the non-Bengali muhajirs in order to abolish the independence fighters of Bangladesh, the Mukti Bahini, Hemayet Bahini and Kaderiya Bahini.
The Al Badar were formed to find these independence fighters and to be guides as well as co-fighters who were familiar with the local terrain. The force was composed of madrasa students and teachers, Bengali supporters of Muslim League and Jamaat E Islami, and muhajirs coming from non-Bengali part of India.
There were three type of Paramilitary forces Pakistan formed,
1.Razakars: refuges who were came from other parts of India during separation of India and Pakistan, and settled in East Pakistan.
2. Al-Badar: Bengali Muslim Students from Colleges, universities and madrasah, who were loyal to Jamat-e-islami.3. Al-Shams: Bengali Madrasah Students, teachers & supporters of Islamic parties other than Jamat-E-Islami (these smaller parties included Nejam-e-Islami and various factions of Muslim League).
Al-Badar was a very organized par military force among those three forces, with their own hierarchy of organization and reporting system.
Tasks
The Al Badar were given a variety of combat and non-combat tasks including:
Taking part in the operations
Spying against Mukti Bahini
Interrogation
Working as the guides of the regular army
Assassination
Finding and killing Mukti Bahini soldiers
Providing supply line to front army
Abolition
On 16 December 1971, Pakistan unconditionally surrendered. Members of Al-Badr, along with other Razakars, Al-Shams, and Shanti Committee also surrendered to the Mitro Bahini's. As they all were Bengali it was supposed that Bangladesh would treat them as an opposition party, that is they would arrest them and treat them as prisoners of war. However most of them were tortured, killed by Mukti Bahini, or forced into exile from Bangladesh.
Neusitz

Neusitz is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria in Germany.
Sports club

A sports club is an organization that runs sporting activity. Some of them are amateur. Others are professional. Some sports clubs are only active within one sport. Others participate in two or more sports.
Air France Flight 296

Air France Flight 296 was a test flight of an Air France Airbus A320, chartered by Air Charter International, at the air show in Habsheim, Alsace, France on June 26, 1988. The approach was to take place with the plane at 100 feet (33 m), but the plane descended to a lower height than expected and crashed at the end of the runway, killing 3 passengers on board, this being the first fatal accident of an Airbus A320 in the world.
Flight crew
The crew of flight 296 was commanded by Captain Michel Asseline, who was sent to prison for this act and sentenced by the French justice system to 10 months in prison and 10 months of probation.
Accident and Aftermath
As the aircraft approached Habshiem Airfield, the Airbus A320 was prepared for the flyover by Captain Asseline, who was the pilot flying. The first officer then warned the captain of the low altitude of around 100 feet. The aircraft was not stabilized and continued to descend to 30 feet, with an according Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) callout. The aircraft was at a low speed and as the aircraft stabilized itself in a nose up attitude, Captain Asseline called out, "TOGA power, go around track!" The flight crew began a go around and applied maximum go around thrust, as commanded. As the engines reached approximately 84 percent N1, the A320 flew into trees at the end of the runway during the airshow, and burst into flames upon impacting the ground.
The impact and the fire resulting from the fuel fire killed 3 people on board, these being two young children and one adult. During the evacuation of the plane, the passengers left through the emergency exits, while a woman tries to remove a 7-year-old girl from the plane whose seat belt got stuck in her seat, killing both of them. The other child was found dead in the rubble.
Captain Asseline, First Officer Maziere, two Air France employees and the sponsor of the event, president of the local flight club, were charged with the crime of involuntary manslaughter, of the group Captain Asseline was the only one who ended up in jail convicted to 10 months in prison, while the rest ended up on probation.
It was found that the Airbus had actually went against Captain Asseline's flight control inputs and deflected the elevators down to prevent the aircraft from stalling. This later became known as the Alpha Protection system.
Dramatization
The episode "Blaming the Pilot" of the TV series Survival in the Sky featured the accident.
The Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic TV series Air Crash Investigation featured the accident and subsequent investigation in a season 9 episode titled "Pilot vs. Plane" and included an interview with Captain Michel Asseline, survivors, and accident investigators.
The episode "Disastrous Descents" of the TV series Aircrash Confidential produced by WMR Productions and IMG Entertainment, featured the accident and included an interview with Captain Michel Asseline.
Jorge Antonio Solis

Jorge Antonio Solis (May 1, 1951 - October 8, 2021) was an American politician and lawyer. He was nominated to be a judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas by President George H. W. Bush in 1991. In 2014, he became chief judge. He retired from the court in 2016. Solis was born in San Ygnacio, Texas.
Solis died on October 8, 2021 in Dallas, Texas at the age of 70.
Jesus or a Gun

"Jesus or a Gun" is a 1999 song by American hard rock band Fuel and was the fourth and final single from their debut studio album Sunburn. It went to number 24 in the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart.
Track listing
"Jesus or a Gun"
Norwegian language

The Norwegian language is the official language of Norway. It is spoken by over four and a half million people, and it belongs to the group of North Germanic languages which are spoken in Scandinavia. These include Swedish, Danish, Icelandic and Faeroese.
Two forms of the language exist: (which means "book language") and (which means "new Norwegian").
History of the Norwegian language
Old Norse
Old Norse is the language that was spoken hundreds of years ago in Scandinavia at the time of the Vikings. It is very similar to today's Icelandic language. This is because many Vikings sailed from Norway to Iceland in order to escape from the rule of the Norwegian kings who were making people pay lots of tax.
Bokmal
During the 13th century the Black Death killed two thirds of the population of Norway. The Danish kings and queens noticed that Norway was weak and defenceless, so they annexed Norway (made it part of Denmark). For hundreds of years Norway was ruled by the Danes. All the rulers, priests, estate owners and noblemen were Danish. Many of them settled in Norway. This is why today's standard Norwegian (Bokmal) is similar to Danish. Norwegians were not allowed to print books in Norwegian. Anyone wanting to study had to go to Denmark or Germany.
In 1814 Denmark lost a war and had to give Norway to Sweden. Then the Norwegians were allowed to have their own university. Gradually the Danish language was mixed up with the Norwegian dialects and became today's Norwegian language. Norwegian and Danish look very similar when they are written, but when they are spoken they sound different. In Danish a lot of the sounds are swallowed.
Nynorsk
During the 19th century a slightly different form of Norwegian was made up by several people. This eventually became known as "Nynorsk." It was based on old forms of Norwegian and dialects. During the 20th century some attempts were made to join Bokmal and Nynorsk into one language, but they did not succeed. Today about one person in nine or ten in Norway writes Nynorsk. Children in school have to learn both forms.
The Norwegian alphabet
The Norwegian alphabet has 29 letters. These are the same letters as the English alphabet plus three extra vowels:
The letters c, q, w, x and z are only used for words that have been borrowed from other languages. However, c and w are more common that q, x, and z, even more common than the letter which is used even in original Norwegian words.
Presociality

Presociality is a term which applies to animal behaviour. Presocial animals have close family relationships, more than just sexual interactions with members of the same species. However, they do not form the extreme colonies of eusocial insects, such as ants.
Presocial animals can live together and take care of their young. They may have some division of labor, but they do not have all the three essential traits of eusocial animals, which are:
There are many generations that are alive at the same time.
There is extreme division of labour. Some animals may be specialised for a certain function. Some animals may be sterile.
The older animals cooperate to care for the young.
Presocial behavior is much more common in the animal kingdom than complete eusociality. Examples include canines that live in packs, numerous insects, especially hymenoptera, humans, many birds, chimpanzees, and many other animals that display social behavior.
The concept of presociality can be further divided:
Subsocial: parents interact with young. This applies to all mammals without exception, almost all birds, many reptiles and fish, and quite a few insects.
Parasocial: individuals of the same generation live in a single, cooperative dwelling and interact with each other
Communal: each individual care exclusively for her or his own young
Quasisocial: individuals care cooperatively for all brood; however, all members of the colony are reproductive
Semisocial: a few individuals reproduce, yet the arrangement is not quite eusocial. For example, adult generations might not overlap, the reproductive dominance might be temporary.
Among the Vespid wasps, the pressures of predators and parasites selected subsocial behaviour. It is easier to guard the eggs and grubs when the mother wasp stays in her nest to watch over her larva. More so if other adults stay with her. Then the other adults need to collect more food than just for themselves. And so on. It becomes less likely that parasites will be successful in preying on the nest.
Ghanashyam Nayak

Ghanashyam Nayak (12 May 1945 - 3 October 2021) was an Indian actor. He had appeared in many tele serials. He was well known for the role of Natwarlal Prabhashankar Undhaiwala in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah.
Nayak died from prostate cancer in Mumbai on 3 October 2021, aged 76.
Rodrigo López

Roderigo Lopez (1525 - June 7, 1594) was a physician of Portuguese background. He was tried and executed for trying to poison Elizabeth I. He is believed to be the inspiration for Shakespeare's character Shylock in The Merchant of Venice.
Lopez was born into a family of Jewish origin in Portugal. He graduated from university with a degree in medicine. He went to England where he was appointed chief physician to Elizabeth I in 1586. He knew powerful men at court, and grew rich and respected. He was involved in various court intrigues until convicted of plotting to poison the Queen. He was hanged, drawn and quartered.
Several contemporaries make reference to the trial and execution. Christopher Marlowe mentions it in Doctor Faustus as do Thomas Dekker in Whore of Babylon and Thomas Middleton in A Game at Chess. It is possible that Shylock in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice was inspired by Lopez.
Ralph Macchio

Ralph Macchio (born November 4, 1961 in Huntington, New York)was an American actor. He is best known for his roles in My Cousin Vinny, The Karate Kid, The Karate Kid Part II, and The Karate Kid Part III. He was also in the movie The Outsiders as Johnny.
Rolf Maurer

Rolf Maurer (16 April 1938 - 6 June 2019) was a Swiss road racing cyclist. He was born in Hedingen, Zurich. He started his professional career in 1960. In 1964, he won both the Tour de Suisse and Tour de Romandie. He retired in 1969.
Maurer died on 6 June 2019 in Hedingen, at the age of 81.
Henry Huggins (book)

Henry Huggins is the first book in the Henry Huggins book series by author Beverly Cleary. It was published in 1950. The book follows the adventures of Henry Huggins, a third-grade boy who thinks nothing interesting ever happens to him until he meets his dog, Ribsy. There are six books in the Henry Huggins series. They are Henry Huggins, Henry and Beezus, Henry and Ribsy, Henry and the Paper Route, Henry and the Clubhouse, and Ribsy.
Del Shofner

Delbert Martin Shofner (December 11, 1934 - March 11, 2020) was an American football wide receiver. He played for eleven seasons with the Los Angeles Rams and the New York Giants from 1957 to 1967 in the National Football League (NFL).
Shofner died on March 11, 2020 in Los Angeles, aged 85.
Beinwil (Freiamt)

Beinwil (Freiamt) is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Gene Hackman

Eugene Alden Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is an American retired actor and novelist. Hackman was born in San Bernardino, California. His parents divorced while he was a child, and he moved from one place to another until he settled finally in Danville, Illinois, where he lived with his English-born grandmother. At the age of 16 he left home to join the Marines, where he served 3 years as a radio operator. Having finished his service, he moved to New York, where he worked in several minor jobs. He then studied television production and journalism at the University of Illinois.
Already over 30 years old, Hackman decided to become an actor, and joined the Pasadena Playhouse in California. It was in that school that Hackman became friends with another person who wanted to be an actor named Dustin Hoffman.
After working hard in many roles he became a well-respected actor. He has won two Academy Awards, and has played many well-known roles.
Simin Behbahani

Simin Beh'bahani () (June 20, 1927 - August 19, 2014) was an Iranian writer and poet. She was Iran's national poet and an icon to Iranian literature. She was called the lioness of Iran. She was nominated twice for the Nobel Prize in Literature, and "received many literary awards around the world."
Behbahani was hospitalized in Tehran on 6 August 2014. She was in a state of coma until her death thirteen days later on 19 August 2014, aged 87.
Rachel Miner

Rachel Anne Miner is an American actress. She became known when she played Michelle Bauer on the television soap opera Guiding Light. The soap opera was shown between 1990 and 1995. Her first role in a proper movie was in Woody Allen's Alice (1990). Her acting in Bully (2001) was also praised. She played the lead role in that movie. She also played in other movies.
Today, people also know her for playing Meg Masters in the television series Supernatural. That series ran from 2005 to 2020.
Miner was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 2010.
There were rumours that she would stop her career because of this diagnosis. Despite this, she continued to act. She has since preferred to act as disabled characters.
Tébessa Province

Tebessa is a province of Algeria. Tebessa is also the name of the capital. Another important city is El Ouenza. Tebessa is only 20 kilometers west from Tunisia border.
Divisions
The province has 12 districts. There are also 28 communes or municipalities.
Joint Task Force 2

Joint Task Force 2 (JTF 2) (French: Deuxieme Force operationnelle interarmees) is the main counter-terrorism and special forces unit of Canada. JTF2 is part of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command of the Canadian Forces.
Pygmy hippopotamus

The pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) is a large mammal native to the forests and swamps of West Africa. The specific name liberiensis means "of Liberia", as this is where most live. The pygmy hippo is reclusive and nocturnal. It is one of only two living species in the Hippopotamidae family, the other being its much larger cousin the common hippopotamus.
The pygmy hippopotamus has many terrestrial adaptations, but like its larger cousin, it is semi-aquatic. It relies on proximity to water to keep its skin moisturized and its body temperature cool. Behaviors such as mating and giving birth may occur in water or on land. The pygmy hippo is herbivorous, feeding on ferns, broad-leaved plants, grasses and fruits it finds in the forests.
Derek Minter

Derek Minter (27 April 1932 - 3 January 2015) was a British Grand Prix motorcycle and short-circuit road racer. He rode professionally from 1955 and 1967. In 1958, he in fifth place in the 500cc world championship. In 1960, Minter won the North West 200 race in Northern Ireland. In 1962, he won the Isle of Man 250cc Lightweight TT.
Minter was born in Kent. He was an electrician before becoming a racer.
Minter died on 3 January 2015 at the age of 82.
Coahuila y Tejas

Coahuila y Tejas (Coahuila and Texas) was one of the constituent states of the United Mexican States.
Sophism

Sophism can mean two very different things. In Ancient Greece, sophism was practiced by sophists, who were a group of teachers of philosophy and rhetoric. In the modern definition, a sophism is a confusing or slightly incorrect argument used for deceiving someone.
Etymology
The word "sophism" originated from the Greek word sophisma, "sophisma" (from sophizo, "sophizo" meaning "I am wise").
The similar Greek word sophistes, "sophistes" means "wise-ist, one who does wisdom, one who makes a business out of wisdom" while sophos, "sophos" means a "wise man".
History
The ancient Greek philosopher Protagoras
(ca. 490-420 BC) is often said to be the first of the sophists. Others include: Gorgias, Prodicus, Hippias, Thrasymachus, Lycophron, Callicles, Antiphon, and Cratylus.
Plato opposed those sophists because they only abused wisdom for their own interest and refused the truth and justice.
Modern usage
In modern usage, sophism, sophist, and sophistry are derogatory terms, due the influence of many philosophers in the past. Sophism and platonism were rival schools, as enemies of each other.
A sophism is a statement to deceive someone in a debate or conversation. It might be made to seem to make sense when really being wrong, or it might use difficult words and complicated sentences to intimidate the audience into agreeing. An argument ad hominem is an example of sophistry.
A sophist is a person who uses sophisms. Sophistry means using sophisms for subtly deceptive reasoning or argumentation.
Surgical mask

A surgical mask, also known as a procedure mask, medical mask or simply a face mask, is a mask. It is intended to be worn by health professionals during surgery and during nursing. Such masks are used to catch the bacteria shed in liquid droplets and aerosols from the wearer's mouth and nose. They are not designed to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne bacteria or virus particles and are less effective than respirators, which provide better protection.
There are different qualities of such mask. Despite their name, not all surgical masks should be used during surgeries. Chinese health officials distinguish between medical (non-surgical) and surgical masks.
Surgical masks are made of a nonwoven fabric created using a melt blowing process. They came into use in the 1960s and largely replaced cloth facemasks in developed countries. A shortage of surgical masks is a central issue of the ongoing 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic.
Surgical masks are popularly worn by the general public all year round in East Asian countries like China, Japan and South Korea to reduce the chance of spreading airborne diseases to others, and to prevent the breathing in of airborne dust particles created by air pollution. Additionally, surgical masks have become a fashion statement, particularly in contemporary East Asian culture bolstered by its popularity in Japanese and Korean pop culture which have a big impact on East Asian youth culture.
Runyon Canyon Park

Runyon Canyon Park is a park in Los Angeles, California, at the eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains, managed by the Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks.
Tram

A tram (tramcar, trolley, or streetcar) is a passenger vehicle that is like a light train. It carries people to places within a city. Because a single tram can carry many people at the same time, riding on a tram instead of driving a car is a good way to help prevent pollution and stop the roads getting too busy.
The word tram is used mainly outside North America, while within North America these vehicles are called streetcars or trolleys as they run mainly on streets.
More modern and larger trams manufactured since the 1970s, such as the one in the second picture from Warsaw, are called light rail vehicles. These vehicles are bigger because they are very often made of two or more parts, with a bendy section in the middle which works like a human joint. In railway jargon, these types of vehicles are called "articulated". These may sometimes have their own right-of-way instead of traveling on the street and their stops are usually farther apart than the stops of trams so that they can travel faster.
On Market Street in San Francisco, vintage streetcars from the 1910s through the 1940s, called "historic streetcars" (the F Market line), that travel on the street are a popular tourist attraction. Another city whose trams are highly used by tourists is Hong Kong, because here the trams have two floors which is very rare in the world.
The largest tram networks in the world are in: Melbourne, St. Petersburg, Amsterdam, Berlin, Moscow and Vienna.
History
Trams first came into use in the 1890s, when they replaced horsecars--streetcars drawn by horses.
In the 1910s to 1930s, in many metropolitan areas in North America, there were special bigger and longer streetcars that traveled long distances to distant suburbs on what were called interurban lines. These streetcar lines sometimes had "dedicated tracks" with their own right-of-way (land surrounding the tracks) and made fewer local stops.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, in the United States, there was a conspiracy by Standard Oil, General Motors, and Firestone Rubber. They formed a company called National City Lines to buy streetcar systems, tear up the tracks, and replace them with buses in almost all the cities in North America. They did this so they could make bigger profits by selling more oil, buses, cars and rubber tires. Because of this, it was necessary to spend hundreds of millions of dollars of public funds in the 1980s and 1990s to reconstruct the streetcar systems as light rail systems using light rail vehicles. This conspiracy is somewhat referred to in the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit.
Elaine Mulqueen

Elaine Mulqueen (January 27, 1932 - May 22, 2012) was an American children's television host and personality. She was born in Chicago. Mulqueen's career in television began in 1962, when she appeared in commercials for Coca-Cola on Bozo's Circus.
In 1963, Elaine Mulqueen and her husband began hosting The Mulqueens on WGN-TV. Elaine Mulqueen appeared on stage as a pixie-like character named Pandora. In 1965, the program moved to WBKB-TV (now WLS-TV), and the show was renamed Mulqueen's Kiddie A-Go-Go.
On May 22, 2012, Mulqueen died from cancer of unknown primary origin in Chicago at the age of 80.
Montgomery, New York

Montgomery is a town in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 22,606 at the 2010 census.
Rhind Mathematical Papyrus

The Rhind papyrus in the British Museum is the best example of Egyptian mathematics. It is named after Alexander Henry Rhind, a Scottish antiquarian. He bought the papyrus in 1858 in Luxor, Egypt. It was found during illegal excavations in or near the Ramesseum. It was written about 1650 BC.
The papyrus has work and writing on arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and fractions. It, and the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, are the main sources of knowledge about mathematics in Ancient Egypt. The Rhind papyrus dates to about 1550 BC. The museum bought both the Rhind papyrus and the Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll from Rhind. The Rhind papyrus is larger than the Moscow mathematical papyrus, but the Moscow papyrus is older.
The Rhind papyrus dates to the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt. It was copied by the scribe Ahmose from a now-lost text from the reign of Amenemhat III (12th dynasty). Written in the hieratic script, this Egyptian manuscript is made up of parts that are each 33 cm tall. In total it is over long. It was transliterated and the mathematics was translated in the late 19th century. The mathematical translation is still incomplete in some respects. The document is dated to year 33 of the Hyksos king Apophis and also contains a separate later Year 11 on its verso likely from his successor, Khamudi.
In the opening paragraphs of the papyrus, Ahmose presents the papyrus as giving "Accurate reckoning for inquiring into things, and the knowledge of all things, mysteries... all secrets". He continues with:
This book was copied in regnal year 33, month 4 of Akhet, under the majesty of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Awserre, given life, from an ancient copy made in the time of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Nimaatre (?). The scribe Ahmose writes this copy.
Several books and articles about the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus have been published, and a handful of these stand out. The Rhind Papyrus was published in 1923 by Peet and contains a discussion of the text that followed Griffith's Book I, II and III outline Chase published a compendium in 1927/29 which included photographs of the text. A more recent overview of the Rhind Papyrus was published in 1987 by Robins and Shute.
Other websites
Allen, Don. April 2001. The Ahmes Papyrus and Summary of Egyptian Mathematics.
British Museum webpage on the Papyrus.
O'Connor and Robertson, 2000. Mathematics in Egyptian Papyri.
Truman State University, Math and Computer Science Division. Mathematics and the Liberal Arts: The Rhind/Ahmes Papyrus.
Williams, Scott W. Mathematicians of the African Diaspora, containing a page on Egyptian Mathematics Papyri.
Trévago

Trevago is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
World Series of Poker

The World Series of Poker (WSOP) is a series of poker tournaments. The tournaments are held each year in Las Vegas, Since 2004, the tournaments have been sponsored by Caesars Entertainment. The WSOP started in 1970. Benny Binion invited seven of the best-known poker players to the Horseshoe Casino for a single tournament/ The winner was chosen by a secret ballot of the seven players.
As of 2020, there are 101 events in the WSOP. Most major poker variants are included. recently, most of the events have been variants of Texas hold 'em. Events take place during one day or over several days during June and July. Starting in 2008, the Main Event final table was not played until November. The 2012 and 2016 Main Event final tables were played in October because of the United States presidential election. As of May 2017, the World Series of Poker has gone back to the Main Event winner in being played in July. A hybrid online format was used in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The World Series of Poker changed back to -person play when it started back on September 30, 2021, in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Robin Warren

John Robin Warren AC (born 11 June 1937 in Adelaide) is an Australian pathologist, Nobel winner and researcher. In 1979, he discovered the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, together with Barry Marshall.
Life and career
He received his MBBS degree from the University of Adelaide, having completed his high school education at St Peter's College, Adelaide. In 1967 he was became a member the Royal College of Pathologists of Australia and became a senior pathologist at the Royal Perth Hospital where he spent most of his career. At the University of Western Australia with Barry J. Marshall, Warren proved that the bacterium is the cause of stomach ulcers. Warren helped develop an easy diagnostic test (14C-urea breath-test) for finding H. pylori in ulcer patients. In 2005, Warren and Marshall were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
He married Winifred Theresa Warren and together they had five children. Winifred Warren is a psychiatrist.
An Australian documentary was made in 2006 about Warren and Marshall's road to the Nobel Prize, called "The Winner's Guide to the Nobel Prize". He was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia in 2007.
Wilhelm Cuno

Wilhelm Carl Josef Cuno (2 July 1876 - 3 January 1933) was a German businessman and politician who was the Chancellor of Germany from 1922 to 1923, for a total of 264 days. His tenure included the episode known as the Occupation of the Ruhr by French and Belgian troops and the period in which inflation in Germany accelerated notably, heading towards hyperinflation. Cuno was also general director of the Hapag shipping company.
Hyundai Engineering and Construction

Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. (HDEC) was founded by Chung Ju-young in 1947 as the name of Hyundai Civil Works Company and a major company of the Hyundai Group.
The company completed restoration of Han River Pedestrian Bridge in 1958 and Seoul-Busan Expressway the main artery of Korean economy in 1970.
HECD became the first Korean construction company entered overseas market among through the winning order for Pattani Narathiwat highway project in Thailand in 1965.
The company was separated from the Hyundai Group and under the creditor's management in 2001, as a liquidity crisis. Hyundai Group and Hyundai Motor Group took bid war though eventually Hyundai Group was named the preferred bidder for HDEC in 16th Nov 2010.
The Head Office is in Key-dong, Chongro-ku, Seoul, Korea. The company has overseas branch offices in 14 countries including U.A.E.
The company has owned 7 subsidiary company which are Hyundai Engineering Co., Ltd., Hyundai Equipment & Steel Industries, Hyundai Design, Hyundai Farm, Hyundai CNI, Hyundai Hillstate and Hyundai Education.
The company largely has 5 business fields which are Plant Construction, Power Plant Construction, Civil Works, Building Works and Nuclear Power Plants.
Gallbladder cancer

Gallbladder cancer is a rare type of cancer which forms in the gallbladder. It is most common in central and South America, central and eastern Europe, China, Japan and northern India. It is also common in certain ethnic groups e.g. Native Americans, Indians and Hispanics.
If it is diagnosed early enough, it can be cured by removing the gallbladder, part of the liver and lymph nodes. Most often it is found after symptoms such as abdominal pain, jaundice and vomiting occur, and it has spread to other organs such as the liver.
Volunteers in Asia

Volunteers in Asia (also known as VIA Programs or VIA) is an American educational non-profit organization. They are based in San Francisco since 1963. They have a close relation with Stanford University.
Programs
For Asian students, VIA provides the following programs:
American Language and Culture (ALC)
Programs about social studies: This includes Social Investment, social interaction and leadership.
Nowhere Man (song)

"Nowhere Man" is a song by English rock band the Beatles. It was first released on the Parlophone version of the band's 1965 album Rubber Soul. It was released in North America as a single in 1966. It was also later released on the North American album Yesterday and Today. The song was written by John Lennon, but listed as Lennon-McCartney. It was one of the first Beatles songs that were not about romance or love. John Lennon wrote the song about himself.
Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald, the line-up on the Beatles' recording was:
John Lennon - double-tracked vocals, acoustic guitar, lead guitar
Paul McCartney - bass guitar, harmony vocal
George Harrison - lead guitar, harmony vocal
Ringo Starr - drums
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo

Bartolome Esteban Murillo (Seville, baptized on January 1, 1618- April 3, 1682) was a Spanish Baroque painter. Developed in final naturalism, he advanced towards original forms of the full baroque with a perception that sometimes precedes the rococo in some of his most peculiar and imitated pictorial creations, such as the Immaculate Conception or the Good Shepherd in child figure. A central personality of the Sevillian school, with a high number of disciples and followers who carried his influence well into the 18th century, he was also the best known and most appreciated Spanish painter outside of Spain, the only one of which Sandrart included a brief and fabled biography in his Academia picturae eruditae of 1683 with the Self-portrait of the painter engraved by Richard Collin. Conditioned by the clientele, the bulk of his production is made up of works of a religious nature destined for Sevillian churches and convents, but unlike other great Spanish masters of his time, he also cultivated genre painting on a continuous and independent basis. throughout much of his career.
Magdi Yacoub

Sir Magdi Habib Yacoub ( ) (born 16 November 1935), is an Egyptian-British surgeon and cardiologist. He was a professor of cardiothoracic surgery at Imperial College London.
Yacoub is best known for his early work in repairing heart valves and for helping create the Ross procedure. He performed the UK's first combined heart and lung transplant in 1983.
From 1986 to 2006, he held the position of British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery at the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine.
He is the founding editor of the journal Disease Models & Mechanisms. He was born in Bilbeis, El Sharqia, Egypt.
Arturo Di Modica

Arturo Di Modica (January 26, 1941 - February 19, 2021) was an Italian-born American sculptor. He was known for his Charging Bull sculpture which he left outside the New York Stock Exchange on December 15, 1989, as his gift to the United States. Di Modica received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor in 1999. Di Modica was born in Vittoria, Sicily.
Di Modica died on February 19, 2021 in Vittoria, aged 80. The cause of death was cancer.
Redcurrant

A redcurrant (Ribes rubrum) is a type of fruit. It is related to the blackcurrant. They are in the same genus Ribes. They can be found growing in the wild in western Europe (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany and northern Italy).
The redcurrant is more tart than the blackcurrant. Redcurrants are used in jams and other cooked foods.
Voiced velar plosive

The voiced velar stop is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is <> . The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is <g> . The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by the "g" in gear and grow.
Water avens

Water avens is a type of flowering plant. These flowers are small. They live in or near water.
2020 Petrinja earthquake

At 12:20 PM CET (11:20 UTC) on 29 December 2020, an earthquake of magnitude 6.4 (6.2 ) hit the Sisak-Moslavina County, Croatia, with an epicenter west-southwest of Petrinja.
Seven people were confirmed dead, while 26 others were injured, with six having serious injuries. Many buildings in Petrinja were destroyed. The mayor of Petrinja Darinko Dumbovic said that half of the town has been destroyed.
Embassy of Russia, Oslo

The Embassy of Russia in Oslo is the diplomatic mission of Russia to Norway. The embassy is located on Drammensveien (road) in the Skarpsno area of Oslo.
The street intersection that is closest to the embassy, will get the name "Ukraine square" (Ukrainas plass); Authorities of Frogner Borough in Oslo, Norway made that decision on March 8, 2022.
The square outside the embassy was renamed Ukrainas plass (Ukraine Square) by the city on 7 March 2022 in support of Ukraine's freedom, in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Dark Passion Play

Dark Passion Play is the sixth album by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish.
The Round-Up (1966 movie)

The Round-Up (, "Poor young men", i. e. outlaws) is a 1966 Hungarian drama movie directed by Miklos Jancso and starring Janos Gorbe, Zoltan Latinovits, Tibor Molnar, Gabor Agardy, Andras Kozak, Bela Barsi.