kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Sohni Mahiwal

Sohni Mahiwal or Suhni Mehar (Punjabi: swhny m`ynwl, soohnnii mhiiNvaal; Sindhi: shNy myhr) is one of the four popular tragic romances of Punjab. The others are Sassi Punnun, Mirza Sahiba, and Heer Ranjha. Sohni Mahiwal is a tragic love story which reverts the classical motif of Hero and Leader. The heroine Sohni, unhappily married to a man she despises, swims every night across the river using an earthenware pot to keep afloat in the water, to where her beloved Mehar herds buffaloes. One night her sister-in-law replaces the earthenware pot with a vessel of unbaked clay, which dissolves in water and she dies in the whirling waves of the river.
The story also appears in Shah Jo Risalo and is one of seven popular tragic romances from Sindh. The other six tales are Umar Marui, Sassui Punhun, Lila Chanesar, Noori Jam Tamachi, Sorath Rai Diyach and Momal Rano commonly known as Seven Heroines (Sindhi: st swrmywn ) of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. Shah begins the story at the most dramatic moment, when a young woman cries out for help in the cold river, attacked by crocodiles. The whole chapter (Sur Sohni) is merely an extension of this dreadful and yet hoped-for moment when the vessel of her body breaks and she, faithful to her pre-eternal love-covenant with Mehar, will be forever united through death.
Sohni is one of the favourite folktales both in Sindh and Punjab.
Treaty of Shimonoseki

The Treaty of Shimonoseki (, ) was signed between the Qing Dynasty and the Empire of Japan at Shimonoseki in 1895. It ended the First Sino-Japanese War (1894 - 1895).
Main terms of the treaty
Korea was not a vassal-state under China. Korea would became an independent nation.
China had to give Japan 200 million taels (a tael had usually a little more silver than a (Spanish dollar).
Formosa, the Pescadores and the Liaotung peninsula ceded to Japan.
Chungking, Soochow, Hangchow and Shashih had to be opened for Japanese trading.
Japanese people were allowed to build industries and sell their products in China.
Gasconade, Missouri

Gasconade is a city in Gasconade County, Missouri, United States.
St. Nicholas Magazine

St. Nicholas Magazine was a 19th-century American monthly children's magazine. It was published between 1873 and 1943 by Scribner's & Co. It was directed for 32 years by Mary Mapes Dodge. Writers published in the magazine include Louisa May Alcott, Frances Hodgson Burnett, and Rudyard Kipling. It folded in 1943.
Dustin Diamond

Dustin Neil Diamond (January 7, 1977 - February 1, 2021) was an American actor, director, comedian, and musician. He was best known for his role as Samuel "Screech" Powers in Saved by the Bell. Diamond was born in San Jose, California.
On December 26, 2014, Diamond was arrested in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin for stabbing a man at a bar. On May 29, 2015, Diamond was convicted of two misdemeanors and was sentenced to four months in prison. He served three months and was released on probation.
In January 2021, Diamond was diagnosed with stage-4 small-cell lung carcinoma. He died from the disease while undergoing chemotherapy in Cape Coral, Florida on February 1, 2021 at the age of 44.
The Unholy Garden

The Unholy Garden is a 1931 American romantic drama movie directed by George Fitzmaurice and was based on the story by Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur. It stars Ronald Coleman, Fay Wray, Estelle Taylor, Warren Hymer, Tully Marshall, Lawrence Grant, Henry Kolker and was distributed by United Artists.
2022 FIFA World Cup Group H

Group H of the 2022 FIFA World Cup will be from 24 November to 2 December 2022. The teams in the group are Portugal, Ghana, Uruguay and South Korea. The top two teams will go to the round of 16.
Teams
Notes
Standings
In the round of 16:
The winners of Group H will play the runners-up of Group G.
The runners-up of Group H will play the winners of Group G.
Matches
All times listed are local, AST (UTC+3).
Etel Adnan

Etel Adnan (24 February 1925 - 14 November 2021) was a Lebanese-American Feminist writer, poet, essayist, and visual artist.
Honors
In 2003, Adnan was named "arguably the most celebrated and accomplished Arab American author writing today" by the academic journal MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States.
Legacy
Besides her literary works, Adnan worked on visual works in a variety of media, such as oil paintings, movies and tapestries, which have been exhibited at galleries across the world.
Personal life
She lived in Paris and Sausalito, California. Adnan openly identifies as lesbian.
She was openly a lesbian.
Adnan died in Paris on 14 November 2021, at the age of 96.
Rochefort, Neuchâtel

Rochefort is a municipality in Boudry in the canton of Neuchatel in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016, the municipality of Brot-Dessous became part of Rochefort.
Localities
Brot-Dessous, Chambrelien, Champ-du-Moulin, Fretereules, Les Grattes, Montezillon, Rochefort and La Tourne.
Thing

Thing or The Thing may refer to:
Philosophy
An object, being, or entity
Thing-in-itself (or noumenon), the reality that underlies perceptions, a term coined by Immanuel Kant
Thing theory, a branch of critical theory that focuses on human-object interactions in literature and culture
History
Thing (assembly), also transliterated as ting or thing, a historical Germanic governing assembly
The Thing (listening device), a Soviet bug used during the Cold War for eavesdropping on the U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union
The Thing (art project), a 1990s community based in New York City
Film and television
The Thing from Another World, often referred to as The Thing, 1951 science fiction movie based on the novella Who Goes There?
The Thing (1982 movie), a remake of the 1951 movie, directed by John Carpenter, more closely following the original novella Who Goes There?
À l'Olympia

A l'Olympia (English: At the Olympia) is a live album by Canadian singer Celine Dion.
Aubigny, Vendée

Aubigny was a commune. It was in Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in west France. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new commune of Aubigny-les-Clouzeaux.
Wakarusa, Indiana

Wakarusa is a town in Harrison and Olive townships in Elkhart County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,758 at the 2010 census.
Afroasiatic languages

Afroasiatic (Afro-Asiatic), also called Afrasian or Hamito-Semitic or Semito-Hamitic, is a large language family. They are mainly spoken in Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa and parts of the Sahel. There are around 300 Afroasiatic languages that are still spoken. About 495 million people speak an Afroasiatic language as their first language. There are six branches of the language family: Berber, Chadic, Cushitic, Egyptian, Omotic and Semitic. The most spoken language is Arabic, a Semitic language. It has around 313 million native speakers.
Morogoro tanker explosion

On 10 August 2019, a fuel tanker exploded in Morogoro, Tanzania. It killed at least 89 people and injuredat least 55. It was one of the largest disasters of its kind in Tanzania.
The incident happened in the town of Morogoro. A fuel tanker crashed and people gathered at the accident site to steal the fuel. The tanker exploded during the looting, burning 60 people to death. Another 55 people were injured in the incident and many suffered serious burns.
Bridgeport, Illinois

Bridgeport is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Origne

Origne is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
P. K. Subban

Pernell-Karl Sylvester Subban ( ; born May 13, 1989) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played a total of 13 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Montreal Canadiens, Nashville Predators, and the New Jersey Devils. He has also played for Team Canada and won a gold medal with them at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.
He currently does work as a broadcast analyst for the NHL on ESPN panel.
Career
Before playing in the NHL, Subban played 4 years with the Belleville Bulls of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Subban was drafted with the 43rd overall pick by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Canadiens on February 12, 2010, in a 3-2 loss to the Philadelphia Flyers. During the game, he assisted on a Glen Metropolit goal for his first point in the NHL. On April 26, 2010, Subban played in his first NHL playoff game. He also recorded his first NHL playoff point when he assisted on a Michael Cammalleri goal. He scored his first goal on April 30, 2010, in game one of Canadiens' second round series against the Pittsburgh Penguins.
Anthracite

Anthracite, often referred to as hard coal, is a type of dark coloured coal. Anthracite produces the fewest pollutants per unit of heat released, having the highest-heat value, and the lowest sulfur content. At the moment, deposits are largely depleted.
Anthracite is the most metamorphosed type of coal currently known to science.
China does most mining of anthracite. Other producers are Russia, Ukraine, North Korea, South Africa, Vietnam, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States (east of the Mississippi River and Pennsylvania). Total production in 2010 was 670 million tons.
Hazel W. Johnson-Brown

Hazel W. Johnson-Brown (October 10, 1927 - August 5, 2011) a member of the United States military. She was the 16th Chief of the United States Army Nurse Corps and the first African American woman to hold the title of Brigadier general. She served the military as a nurse from 1955 to 1983 when she retired.
The title of Brigadier general and 16th Chief of Army Nurse Corps was awarded to Hazel W. Johnson-Brown in 1979.
Early life
Hazel Winifred Johnson Brown was born on October 10, 1927. She was born and raised in Pennsylvania, United States. She is the daughter of Clarence L. Johnson Sr. and Gamett Henly Johnson. She had six siblings. It is said that she wanted to be a nurse from early childhood.
Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)

The Great Northern Railway (GNR) was a British railway company established in 1846. The main line ran from London King's Cross station via Hitchin, Peterborough, and Grantham, to York. There was a loop line from Peterborough to Bawtry (south of Doncaster) via Boston and Lincoln. There were also branch lines to Sheffield and Wakefield. On 1 January 1923 the company became a part of the London and North Eastern Railway. Today, the GNR main line forms part of the East Coast Main Line.
Fritz Pfeffer

Friedrich "Fritz" Pfeffer (1889--1944) was a German-born Jewish dentist who hid with Anne Frank in Amsterdam during the Holocaust (1941--1945). According to camp records, he died on 20 December 1944 in Neugamme (outside of Hamburg).
Life
Pfeffer was born Friedrich "Fritz" Pfeffer on 30 April 1889.
Tui Ātua Tupua Tamasese Efi

Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Tupuola Tufuga Efi (born Olaf "Efi" Tamasese) (born 1 March 1938), is a Samoan politician.
Tui Atua was Samoa's head of state (O le Ao o le Malo) from 2007 to 2017. He was Prime Minister of Samoa from 1976 to 1982 and again later in 1982. On 16 June 2007 he was elected as O le Ao o le Malo, Samoa's head of state, for a five-year term.
Mrs. Black Is Back

Mrs. Black Is Back is a 1914 American comedy-drama movie directed by Thomas N. Heffron and starring May Irwin, Charles Willis Lane, Clara Blandick, Wellington A. Playter, Elmer Booth, Marie Pavis, Cyril Chadwick. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Australian Music Online

Australian Music Online is a website about music in Australia. It started in March 2003, but the people who looked after it, the Australian Government, stopped working on it on 31 March 2007.
Windows 98

Windows 98 is an operating system for computers. Released on June 25, 1998 by Microsoft, it is the successor of Windows 95. It came before Windows Me. Support for Windows 98 ended on July 11, 2006.
Windows 98 was seen by many as a small upgrade to Windows 95, rather than a rebuilt version of Windows. The biggest changes were:
Internet Explorer (a web browser) was made part of the GUI (what the user sees) and the file manager. This had already happened in the last versions of Windows 95 that were released. This is called 'web integration'.
Larger disk partitions (separations) were allowed.
New tools were added to help make the computer run the way a user wants it to. System Configuration Utility is a tool that lets users turn off programs they do not need to use the computer. Disk Cleanup let users delete old files the computer made.
Some add-ons that were made for Windows 95 were included with Windows 98, such as the changes to the shell from Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95.
Because Microsoft made Internet Explorer such an important part of Windows 98, the company was taken to court by the United States government. This was because they felt it was unfair to other companies who made web browsers.
It is not supported anymore, but many people still use it on older computers that will not run Windows XP or later versions of Windows.
Press demonstration
Before the release of Windows 98, there was a press demonstration at Comdex in April 1998. Microsoft CEO Bill Gates was highlighting the operating system's ease of use and enhanced support for Plug and Play (PnP). When presentation assistant Chris Capossela plugged a scanner in and attempted to install it, Windows 98 displayed a Blue Screen of Death. Gates remarked after applause and cheering from the audience, "That must be why we're not shipping Windows 98 yet." Video footage of this event became a popular Internet phenomenon.
Second Edition
Windows 98 Second Edition (SE) was released in 1999. This was an official upgrade to Windows 98 which allowed people to use more types of computer hardware, like monitors and printers, and also let more than one machine on a network use the same Internet connection.
Pine Plains (town), New York

Pine Plains is a community in Dutchess County, New York, United States.
Ekaterina Zubacheva

Ekaterina Zubacheva (born 2 April 1982) is a Russian water polo player. She played for the Russian women's national water polo team in the 2007 World Aquatics Championships and 2015 World Aquatics Championships.
Elkin Ramírez

Elkin Fernando Ramirez Zapata (26 October 1962 - 29 January 2017) was a Colombian singer-songwriter. He was best known as the lead singer of the rock band Kraken. He was also a member to bands such as Kripzy (1981-1982) and Ferrotrack (1983-1984). He joined Kraken in 1985. He was born in Medellin, Antioquia.
Ramirez died from brain cancer on 29 January 2017 in Medellin. He was 54.
American Tragedy (movie)

American Tragedy is a 2000 television movie broadcast on CBS from November 12, 2000 to November 15, 2000. It is based on the O. J. Simpson murder case for the 1994 murder of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ron Goldman. It was produced by Fox Television Studios.
It won a Satellite Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award.
Osselle-Routelle

Osselle-Routelle is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Osselle (the seat) and Routelle.
Gonzalo Alvarado

Gonzalo Alvarado Cornejo was a weightlifter from Peru. Cornejo competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
Kyoko Yano

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Yano was born in Yokohama on June 3, 1984. After graduating from Kanagawa University, she joined Urawa Reds in 2007. In 2007 season, she was selected Best Young Player awards. She retired end of 2012 season. In 6 seasons, she played 111 matches in Nadeshiko League and she was selected Best Eleven every season.
In June 2003, Yano was a Kanagawa University student, she was selected to play for the Japan national team at the 2003 AFC Championship. At this competition, on June 11, she debuted and scored a goal against Guam. She played at the World Cup 3 times (2003, 2007 and 2011) and at the Summer Olympics 3 times (2004, 2008 and 2012). Japan won the championship at the 2011 World Cup and silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She played 74 games and scored 1 goals for Japan until 2012.
Century common year

In the Gregorian calendar, a century common year is a year that is divisible by 100 but not 400. Therefore, like all other common years, these years do not have a February 29. This is the only case where a year that is divisible by 4 is a common year.
In the obsolete Julian calendar, all years divisible by 4, including century years, were leap years. This rule resulted in too many leap years, so the Gregorian calendar added a new rule that a century year must be divisible by 400 to be a leap year. This is why the years 1600, 2000, and 2400 are leap years, while 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, and 2300 are common years even though they are all divisible by 4. The Gregorian calendar was introduced in 1582, so the first century common year was 1700.
The start days of century common years varies. The century year begins on Friday if the remainder obtained by dividing it by 400 is 100, Wednesday if the remainder is 200, and Monday if the remainder is 300. Thus, century leap years always begin on Saturday.
Pteranodon

Pteranodon was a large pterosaur from the Upper Cretaceous period. About 1200 partial skeletons have been found, more than any other pterosaur. It lived in the area of the Western Interior Seaway.
Fossil Pteranodon have been found in Kansas, Alabama, Nebraska, Wyoming, and South Dakota.
Appearance
With its wings open it was up to 7 meters across. Pteranodon might have lived much like an albatross, spending a lot of time over the ocean, looking for fish. It had no teeth in its long mouth, and it had a small pouch like a pelican at the back of its jaw. Pteranodon had a big crest at the back of its head. Pteranodon longiceps had a straight crest that went backwards, and Pteranodon sternbergi had a bigger, flatter crest that went upward.
Life style
Pteranodon lived mainly on offshore rookeries. Most Pteranodon fossils are found where, at the time, they were hundreds of kilometres from the coastline.
They certainly fed on fish. Fossilized fish bones have been found in the stomach area of one Pteranodon. Other specimens have fragments of fish scales and vertebrae near the torso.
Females of both species were smaller than the males, and had small, rounded crests. The crests were probably used in display, though they may have had other functions as well.
Radio control

Radio control is controlling vehicles by radio wave signals. It is often used for making models of cars, boats, helicopters and airplanes move on their own like real ones. For controlling models, an operator uses a transmitter that has the model's controls on it. When a control is moved, the radio signal changes. The part on the model that takes the changing signals and helps turn them into movement is called the receiver. The receiver then tells a special kind of motor called a servo to move part of the model.
On a car or boat, a servo is usually used for steering. Model sailboats use a servo to adjust the sail as well as the rudder, or steering device. On airplanes and helicopters, servos are used not only for steering but for up and down pitch. If the model uses an engine to make it run, a servo is used to control the speed of the engine. A model which operates with an electric motor usually has something called an electronic speed control or "ESC" to control its speed.
Unmanned aerial vehicles controlled by radio are used for many purposes, including war.
Andrew Smith (zoologist)

Sir Andrew Smith KCB (3 December 1797 - 11 August 1872) was a Scottish surgeon, explorer, ethnologist and zoologist. He is known as the father of zoology in South Africa. He discovered many species in his major work, Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. Smith was born in Hawick, Roxburghshire.
Red algae

Red algae are members of the phylum Rhodophyta. This is a large group of aquatic algae with about 6000 species. They have reddish phycobilin pigments--phycoerythrin and phycocyanin.
The red algae are a distinct group. They have eukaryotic cells without flagella and centrioles. Their chloroplasts lack external endoplasmic reticulum. These chloroplasts have unstacked (stroma) thylakoids.
Phycobiliproteins are accessory pigments, which give them their red color. What these pigments do is the same as what chlorophyll does: absorb sunlight as energy, which is then used to fuel the building of organic compounds.
Red algae store sugars as a type of starch outside their plastids.
Most red algae are multicellular, macroscopic, marine, and reproduce sexually. The usual red algal life history is an alternation of generations with three generations rather than two.
Chloroplasts evolved following an endosymbiotic event between an ancestral, photosynthetic cyanobacterium and an early eukarytoic phagotroph.
Most species grow near tropical and subtropical shores below the low-tide mark. A few are found in fresh water. Red algae is used to make the food Nori.
Terneuzen

Terneuzen, Zeelandic and East Flemish: Terneuzen or Neuzen, is a municipality and town in Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, Province of Zeeland, the Netherlands.
About 55,000 people were living in the municipality in 2017.<br/ >
About 25,000 people were living in the town in 2015.
The municipality borders the Western Scheldt, and the Belgian Province of East Flanders.
Terneuzen received city rights in 1584.
The south entrance of the Western Scheldt Tunnel is in Terneuzen.
Kud Wafter

is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Key released on June 25, 2010 for Windows PCs.Kud Wafter is Key's eighth game, along with other titles such as Kanon, Air, and Clannad. Key will release a version of Kud Wafter without the erotic content, and the game will be ported to the PlayStation Portable.
The story follows the lives of high school students Riki Naoe and his close friend Kudryavka Noumi as they start to see more of each other in a romantic relationship. The gameplay in Kud Wafter follows a branching plot line which offers pre-determined scenarios with courses of interaction, and focuses on the appeal of the title character Kudryavka, also known as for short.
Cesano Boscone

Cesano Boscone is a city in northern Italy. It is in the Lombardy Region. About 23,000 people live there.
Remipedia

Remipedia is a class of blind crustaceans. They live in coastal aquifers.
So long as the water is salty, these little animals can be found.
They are found in almost every ocean basin, including in Australia, the Caribbean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean. They live in subtropical waters.
The first described remipede was a fossil called Tesnusocaris goldichi (early Pennsylvanian). Since 1979 at least 17 living species have been identified.
Genetic studies suggest that remipedes are the arthropods most closely related to insects.
Anatomy
Remipedes are long. They have a head and a long trunk of up to forty-two similar body segments. The swimming appendages are on the sides of each segment, and the animals swim on their backs. They are generally slow-moving.
They have fangs connected to secretory glands. It is not known whether these glands secrete digestive juices or poisonous venom. They have a primitive body plan in crustacean terms, and may be a basal, ancestral crustacean group.
At least one species, Godzilliognomus frondosus, has an organised brain, with a particularly large olfactory area. Species which live in dark environments need to detect scents in the water. The size and complexity of the brain suggested that Remipedia might be the sister taxon to Malacostraca, regarded as the most advanced crustaceans.
Jim Wright

James Claude Wright, Jr. (December 22, 1922 - May 6, 2015) was an American politician from Texas. He served for 34 years in the U.S. House of Representatives and was the Speaker of the House from 1987 to 1989. Wright resigned from the House in 1989 because of a scandal.
Haverhill, Iowa

Haverhill is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Hartford, Michigan

Hartford is a city in Van Buren County, Michigan, United States.
Umayyad Caliphate

The Umayyad Caliphate, also known as the Umayyad Empire, was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by Mu'awiya I, a companion of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty (, Banu Umayyah), an Arab dynasty who came from Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia. Damascus was their capital from 661-744, Harrran from 744-750, and after the Abbasid revolution, Cordoba (756-1031) in Al-Andalus, where they established the Emirate of Cordoba and then the Caliphate of Cordoba.
During the late Umayyad dynasty in the mid 8th century AD, the territories of the Umayyad Caliphate spanned across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe). The Umayyad Caliphate was the largest empire in the world at the time. It is the fifth largest empire in history.
Origins
According to tradition, the Umayyad family (also known as the Banu Abd-Shams) and the Islamic Prophet Muhammad both have a common ancestor, Abd Manaf ibn Qusai. Muhammad descended from Abd Munaf via his son Hashim, the Umayyads descended from Abd Munaf via a different son, Abd-Shams. The two families are therefore considered to be different clans (those of Hashim and of Umayya, respectively) of the same Arabian tribe (that of the Quraish).
The Umayyads and the Hashimites were bitter rivals. The rivalry came from the initial opposition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, the grandson of Umayya, to Muhammad and to Islam. He tried to get rid of the new religion by waging a series of battles. But eventually he accepted Islam, as did his son (the future caliph Muawiyah I), and the two provided much-needed political and diplomatic skills for the management of the quickly expanding Islamic empire.
The origins of Umayyad rule date back to the assassination of Uthman in 656. At this time Ali, a member of the Hashim clan and a cousin of Prophet Muhammad, became the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, and moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which lasted from 656 until 661, is known as the First Fitna ("time of trial").
Ali was first opposed by an alliance led by Aisha, the widow of Muhammad, and Talhah and Al-Zubayr, two of the Companions of the Prophet. The two sides clashed at the Battle of the Camel in 656, where Ali won a decisive victory.
When Ali was assassinated in 661, Muawiyah marched to Kufa. There he persuaded a number of Ali's supporters to accept him as caliph instead of Ali's son, Hasan. Then he moved the capital of the caliphate to Damascus. Syria would remain the base of Umayyad power until they established an emirate in Cordoba, which also became a world centre of science, medicine, philosophy and invention during the Islamic Golden Age.
Charlemagne Péralte

Charlemagne Massena Peralte (1886 - 1 November 1919) was a leader in Haiti. He stood against the US Invasion of his country in 1915. He led fighters called the Cacos against the US forces in Haiti. The US needed to get more soldiers because Peraite was difficult to stop. Peralte is a hero in Haiti today.
Early life
He was born in 1886 in the Hinche, His family had come from the Name on birth certificate: Francois Borgia Charlemagne Peralte, Date of birth on birth certificate: 10 October 1885. His father was General Remi Massena Peralte.
Source for correction: 1885-1985, Un Centenaire; Charlemagne Peralte,, Georges Michel. Privately published in Port-au-Prince, 1989. Footnote, p. 19. Cites research of Roger Gaillard concerning birth and baptismal certificates in Premiere Ecrasement du Cacoism, Port-au-Prince:Le Natal, 1981. Also appears in Douglas Henry Daniels's English translation of Michel's book,Charlemagne Peralte and the First American Occupation. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing CO., 1996.
Haitian fighters
An officer by career, Charlemagne Peralte was a military officer and chief of the city of Leogane when the US Marines invaded Haiti in July 1915. (See United States occupation of Haiti (1915-1934)) He did not surrender to US troops without fighting, He quit his job and went home to Hinche to take care of his family's land. In 1917, he was arrested. He tried and failed to rob a police payroll. He was sent to labor camp for five years. He escaped. He then got other fighters and began battles against US troops. Peralte's fighters were called "Cacos", a historic name of previous heroes. The Cacos were strong fighters. The US had to send more soldiers. The US had to use airplanes. The "Cacos" attacked Port-au-Prince in 1919, but did not win.
Death and aftermath
Peralte and his "Cacos" fought for two years. He began a new a provisional government in the north of Haiti, He was betrayed by one of his officers, Jean-Baptiste Conze. Conze led a US soldier into the camp of the "Cacos" near Grand-Riviere Du Nord. The US soldier was Herman H. Hanneken and was promoted afterwards.Peralte was shot in the heart at close range. His body was taken,
The US troops took a picture of Charlemagne Peralte's body tied to a door. The picture was shown in many parts of the country. The picture looked like the crucifixion and made Peralte a hero and a martyr. His body was removed from its grave in 1935 for a special funeral. The then-President of Haiti, Stenio Vincent attended. The funeral was held in Cap-Haitien. His grave can still be seen today. A portrait of Charlemagne Peralte can now be seen on Haitian coins. These coins were stamped by the government of Jean-Bertrand Aristide after his 1994 return.
Child's Play 3

Child's Play 3 is a 1991 American slasher movie and the third installment in the Child's Play movie series. The movie is written by Don Mancini, and directed by Jack Bender, with Brad Dourif returning as the voice of Chucky.
Although released only nine months later, the story takes place eight years following the events of 1990's Child's Play 2.
Claude Jarman Jr.

Claude Jarman Jr. (born September 27, 1934) is an American actor. A child actor, he was known for his roles in Rio Grande starring alongside John Wayne and Maureen O'Hara and in High Barbaree. He was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946. His final movie role was in Disney's The Great Locomotive Chase (1956).
Penny Hardaway

Anfernee Deon "Penny" Hardaway (born July 18, 1971, in Memphis, Tennessee) is a former American professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was in the United States basketball team at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Promontory fort

A promontory fort is a defensive structure located above a steep cliff. One is usually located above a steep cliff, often only connected to the mainland by a small neck of land. Most seem to date to the Iron Age. They are mainly found in Brittany, Ireland, the Orkney Islands, the Isle of Man, Devon and Cornwall.
Ireland
Only a few Irish promontory forts have been excavated and most date to the Iron Age, though some, like Dunbeg (County Kerry) might have originated in the Bronze Age. Others, like Dalkey Island (County Dublin) contain imported Eastern Mediterranean pottery and have been reoccupied and changed in the early medieval period.
Isle of Man
On the Isle of Man promontory forts are found particularly on the rocky slate headlands of the south. Four out of more than 20 have been excavated and several, especially in Santon, can be visited using the Raad ny Foillan coastal footpath. All have a rampart on their vulnerable landward side, and excavations at Cronk ny Merriu have shown that access to the fort was via a strongly built gate.
The Scandinavians who arrived in the Isle of Man in the eighth and ninth centuries AD sometimes re-used these Iron Age promontory forts.
Devon & Cornwall
Promontory forts can be found all along the coast of Penwith. Maen Castle, near to Land's End is one of the oldest, having been dated to around 500 BC. They are also found in other districts, e.g. The Rumps near Padstow and Dodman Point on the southern Cornish coast as well as Rame Head close to Plymouth. In Devon, Burgh Island and Bolt Tail are located on the south coast and Embury Beacon and Hillsborough on the north coast.
The famous site at Tintagel may be a rare example of promontory fort whose occupation continued after the Romans and from there into later periods.
Brittany
Caesar's de Bello Gallico describes the Veneti in southern Armorica - a powerful sea-faring people allied with the southern British during the war of 56 BC - as living in clifftop oppida. Their capital was Darioritum on the Morbihan bay, now modern Vannes/Gwened. The Veneti were linguistically British: they spoke Breton, which was derived from Cornish, and they once ruled Cornwall and Devon. They had close trade ties. When they were attacked by the Romans in Brittany, Julius Caesar reports that Cornwall sent them military aid.
Wells County, Indiana

Wells County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 27,636 people lived there. The county seat is Bluffton.
The Monroes (1966 TV series)

The Monroes was a 1960s American western series that ran for one season and 26 episodes on ABC. It ran from 7 September, 1966 to 15 March, 1967 and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Northern England

Northern England, also known as the North of England, North Country or simply the North, is the northern part of England. People have different ideas about which parts of England are in Northern England, but it usually includes the counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, County Durham, Lancashire, Northumberland, Westmorland and Yorkshire, as well as parts of Lincolnshire. There are big cities in Northern England, but there are also large mountains and lakes. The biggest Northern cities are Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Sheffield.
Northern England has a long history: it was where many battles between England and Scotland were fought, and it was the place where the Industrial Revolution began. Nowadays, most of the industry is gone and Northern England is poorer than Southern England. However, Northern England still has its own culture and way of speaking, and many Northerners are proud of the region.
Area
The area roughly spans from the River Trent to the Scottish border in the north. However, people disagree about where the southern border is. Some people say Northern England starts near Birmingham, while some people say it only starts at the River Tees. The government says that Northern England is made up of three statistical regions: the North East, North West and Yorkshire and the Humber. These have a combined population of around 14.9 million as of the 2011 Census and an area of 37,331 km2 (14,414 sq mi).
Geography
Northern England contains much of England's national parkland but also has large areas of urbanization, including the conurbations of Greater Manchester, Merseyside, Teesside, Tyneside, Wearside, South and West Yorkshire.
Plastid

A plastid is a self-reproducing organelle of plants and algae. A plastome is the DNA genome of a plastid.p341 They are like tiny machines inside cells: each makes or stores important chemicals used by the plant.
Examples of plastids are:
Chloroplasts: photosynthesis; other plastids may have developed from chloroplasts. Etioplasts are chloroplasts which have not been exposed to light.
Chromoplasts: pigment synthesis and storage.
Leucoplasts: colourless, make terpenes such as resin. Sometimes they develop into more specialized types of plastid:
Amyloplasts: starch storage
Elaioplasts: fat storage.
Proteinoplasts: store & modify protein.
Statoliths: detect gravity.
Plastids in algae
Plastids in algae and hornworts may differ from plant plastids. In algae, the term "leucoplast" is used for all unpigmented plastids and their function differs from the leucoplasts of plants.
Glaucocystophytic algae contain muroplasts, which are similar to chloroplasts except that they have a cell wall, similar to that of prokaryotes. Rhodophytic algae contain rhodoplasts, which are red chloroplasts which allow the algae to photosynthesise to a depth of up to 268 metres.
Genetics and evolution
Plastids are one of the many different types of organelles in the cell. In endosymbiont theory, plastids originated as cyanobacteria. This was first suggested by Mereschkowsky in 1905. Schimper in 1883 had said chloroplasts closely resembled cyanobacteria.
Almost all chloroplasts are thought to derive directly or indirectly from a single endosymbiotic event. Mitochondria also derive from symbiosis, but chloroplasts are found only in plants and protista. The chloroplast is surrounded by a double-layered composite membrane with an intermembrane space; further, it has reticulations, or many infoldings, filling the inner spaces. The chloroplast has its own DNA, which codes for redox proteins involved in electron transport in photosynthesis.
Avast Antivirus

Avast Antivirus is a brand of antivirus software. It is a free downloadable software that is compatible with Windows XP through Windows 10. It has many features, Avast! Cloud services and upgrades can be bought from inside the program. There are no PC maintenance features. In May 2013, it was the top download of free antivirus of Softonic.
Javier Gonzales

Javier Gonzales (1966 - February 9, 2022) was an American Democratic politician. He was the 42nd Mayor of Santa Fe, New Mexico from 2014 to 2018. Gonzales was the city's first and only openly gay mayor. He was chair of the Democratic Party of New Mexico from 2009 until 2013.
Gonzales died from cancer at a hospital in Santa Fe on February 9, 2022, at the age of 55.
Chèvremont

Chevremont is a commune. It is found in the region Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Territoire de Belfort department in the northeast of France.
Rómulo Macció

Romulo Maccio (1931 - 11 March 2016) was an Argentine painter. He worked with the local avant-garde art movement which took shape during the 1960s. He was born in Buenos Aires.
Maccio described much of the genteel portrait and landscape art available at that time as "pink chocolate." He was awarded the De Ridder Prize in 1959 and the Torcuato di Tella Institute International Prize in 1962. He helped create the Neo-figurative movement that swept Latin American art during the 1960s.
Maccio died in Buenos Aires on 11 March 2016. He was aged 84.
Barracuda

A barracuda is a ray finned-fish that is about 6 feet in length. It is found in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide.
It is of the genus Sphyraena, the only genus in the family Sphyraenidae. II is famous for its intimidating and ferocious behavior. It is the reason that divers take off any shiny or glittery bracelets in the water. They eat fish that are silver in color, which may cause them to attack someone if they are wearing any shimmering objects.
These fish usually stay near the top of the water around sea grass and coral reefs.
Kim Suk-soo

Kim Suk-soo (born November 20, 1932) is a South Korean politician.
He was a justice of the Supreme Court and chairman of the National Election Commission. Kim became the acting Prime Minister of South Korea from 2002 to 2003, during Kim Dae-Jung's presidency.
Donauparkhalle

Donauparkhalle was an indoor ice rink in Vienna-Donaustadt in Austria. It was originally built as an expo venue in 1964, next to an earlier landfill in Donaupark near Kaisermuhlen, to be used for the garden-themed exhibition Wiener Internationale Gartenschau. Two years later, it was rebuilt into an indoor ice rink. During the 1966/1967 season, Wiener EV played its first home games inside. Later, it was used as home venue for the Vienna club WAT Stadlau. The venue was popular for its acoustics. The venue was demolished following the 1990/1991 season. In the early 1990's, the area was planned to be used for the 1995 world exhebition that was never hosted.
Major events
In 1967 the Wiener Stadthallenturnier, despite the name, was held there instead of inside the Wiener Stadthalle. Even the world championships in ice stock sport and nine-pin bowling have been held inside.
Even the 1967 World Ice Hockey Championships and the 1987 World Ice Hockey Championships were held inside. The World Figure Skating Championships have also been held here.
Gandaki Zone

Gandaki zone (), was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal. It was located in the Western Development Region.
David Legwand

David A. Legwand (born August 17, 1980) is a former American professional ice hockey center. He played for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Nashville Predators and the Detroit Red Wings.
Career
Before playing in the NHL, Legwand played 2 seasons with the Plymouth Whalers of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Legwand won the Red Tilson Award for being the most outstanding player in the league.
He was drafted 2nd overall by the Nashville Predators in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft. After playing 15-years with the Predators, he was traded to the Detroit Red Wings in exchange for Patrick Eaves, Calle Jarnkrok, and a conditional 2014 draft pick. Legwand played 21 regular season games with Detroit.
On July 4, 2014, he signed a two-year, $6 million contract with the Ottawa Senators.
Robert Penn Warren

Robert Penn Warren (April 24, 1905 - September 15, 1989) was an American poet, novelist, teacher, and critic. He was named to be the first poet laureate of the United States in 1986.
Warren was born in Guthrie, Kentucky, a small town on the border of Tennessee. He was a good student and graduated from high school when he was 15.
He entered Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee in 1921. One of his teachers was the poet John Crowe Ransom. Another poet, Allen Tate, became his friend. With these and other poets, Warren started a literary magazine called The Fugitive. This group became known as The Fugitive Poets. They had a big influence on Southern literature and modern American poetry.
He got his masters degree (M. A.) in 1927 from the University of California, Berkeley. He was also a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University.
With Cleanth Brooks, he wrote two important books about literature, Understanding Poetry (1938) and Understanding Fiction (1943). These explained a way of thinking about literature that was known as The New Criticism.
In 1946 his most famous novel, All the King's Men, told the story of a politician who becomes corrupt. This book won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. It was made into a movie that won the Academy Award for best motion picture in 1949.
Samuel Willenberg

Samuel Willenberg (February 16, 1923 - February 19, 2016) was a Polish-born Israeli prisoner in the Treblinka extermination camp. He was part of its prisoner revolt, and a participant of the Warsaw Uprising. In the uprising, he used the name Igo.
Willenberg was born in Czestochowa, Poland.
After the war he lived in Israel. He received the highest of Poland's orders including Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit. It was awarded by President Lech Kaczynski.
His memoir, titled Revolt in Treblinka, was published in Hebrew, Polish and English between 1986 and 1991. He was a sculptor and painter.
Willenberg died on February 19, 2016 from complications of a stroke in Udim, Israel. He was aged 93. Before his death, he was the last living survivor of Treblinka.
Fujio Akatsuka

was a Japanese artist of manga. He was known as the Gag Manga King. He won the Shogakukan Manga Award in 1964 for Osomatsu-kun and the Bungeishunju Manga Award in 1971 for Tensai Bakabon.
In April 2002 he was hospitalized for a subdural hematoma and was in a coma from 2004 until his death. On August 2, 2008, he died of pneumonia at a hospital in Bunkyo, Tokyo.
The Royal Anthem of Jordan

"The Royal Anthem of Jordan" () is the national and royal anthem of Jordan.
Lyrics
Ancient monument

The term ancient monument is a term in British law.
It is an early historical structure or monument. For example. it may be an archaeological site worth preserving and study. The sites (monuments) are of archaeological or heritage interest.
The term differs from the American term "national monument". The U.S. National Monuments are few in number and may include natural formations. British ancient monuments are by definition manmade.
Nord (Haitian department)

Nord (English: North) is one of the ten departments (French: departments, singular department) of Haiti. After the Haitian Revolution, the country was divided into only three departments: Nord, Ouest and Sud. The Nord-Est and Nord-Ouest departments were part of the Nord department.
Its capital and largest city is Cap-Haitien, founded in 1670 by Bertrand d'Orgeron and the old capital city of Saint-Domingue. It had the nickname of Paris of Saint-Domingue.
Geography
The Department du Nord has an area of 2,106 km2. It is bordered to the northwest by the Nord-Ouest Department, to the east by the Nord-Est Department, to the southeast by the Centre Department and to the west by the Artibonite Department. The Atlantic Ocean is to the north.
The main rivers of the department are Grande Riviere du Nord, Haut du Cap and Limbe. The rivers Trois-Rivieres and Bouyaha have their sources in this department. All these rivers, except Bouyaha that is a tributary of the river Artibonite, flow to the north, into the Atlantic Ocean.
The Massif du Nord mountain range, known in the Dominican Republic as Cordillera Central, runs from the northwest to the southeast along the southern half of the department. This Massif du Nord is formed by several chains and the most important, in this department, are the Chaine de la Grande Riviere du Nord and the 'Chaine de Saint Raphael.
The Pleine du Nord (in English, "Northern Plain") is in the northern half of the department.
Population
The department had, in the 2003 census, a population of 823,043 persons: 393,547 men and 429,496 women, with 325,318 (39.53%) living in cities and towns.
Tijani Babangida

Tijani Babangida (born 25 September 1973) is a former Nigerian football player. He has played for Nigeria national team.
BAC Jet Provost

The British Aircraft Corporation Jet Provost is a British military aircraft. It's a single-turbojet aircraft. It was used by nine foreign countries as a trainer. British Aircraft Corporation Strikemaster is a modern variant for light attack duties.
Rafael Scheidt

Rafael Scheidt (born 10 February 1976) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazil national team.
Mongkut

Mongkut (Thai: mngkut; 18 October 1804 - 1 October 1868) was the fourth monarch of Siam (Thailand) under the House of Chakri, titled Rama IV. He ruled from 1851 to 1868. His full title in Thai is Phra Bat Somdet Phra Menthora Ramathibodi Sri Sinthara Mahamakut Phra Mongkut Phra Siam Deva Mahamakut Wittaya Maharaj (phrabaathsmedcchphrapremnthrraamaathibdiisriisinthrmhaamngkud phracch`meklaaecchaa`yuuhaw phrasyaamethwmhaamkutwithymhaaraach).
John Entwistle

John Alec Entwistle (9 October 1944 - 27 June 2002) was an English musician who was best known as the bassist for the rock band The Who. His bass playing style influenced many other bass players who came after him. Entwistle is regarded by many as the greatest bassist in the history of rock music.
Entwistle played his bass guitar as a lead instrument, employing a "full treble, full volume" sound, as well as often using pentatonic lines and a typewriter finger approach. He recorded the first bass solo in the history of popular music on The Who's song "My Generation". Other notable examples of Entwistle's playing are "Boris the Spider" and "The Real Me". As he developed his sound and refined his skill, Entwistle's bass sounded like a VOX Amplifier. At the time of his death he had a collection of over 400 instruments that reflected the different brands he used over his career: Fender, Rickenbacker, Alembic, Warwick were the brands he used most. He owned many of the most expensive bass guitars in the history of the world.
Entwistle played bass for The Who and as a solo performer from 1964 until 2002. His bass guitar sound was the main reason The Who gave the loudest concert on record at the time.
Entwistle died in a hotel room at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada on 27 June 2002. The Las Vegas coroner said that he died of a heart attack caused by cocaine.
In 1990, Entwistle was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Who.
Luggage

People use luggage to carry their possessions when travelling. In the United States luggage is often called baggage.