kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
San Francisco Bay

San Francisco Bay is a shallow bay in northern California, along the Pacific Ocean. It is an estuary because salt water from the ocean mixes with fresh water from rivers, especially the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. These rivers carry water from the Sierra Nevada mountains through the Central Valley. Water from about forty percent of California enters the bay.
The Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers enter the Suisun Bay. There water flows through the Carquinez Strait to meet with the Napa River at the entrance to San Pablo Bay. This connects at its south end to the San Francisco Bay. The San Francisco Bay is connected to the Pacific by a strait called the Golden Gate. However, this entire group of interconnected bays is often called "the San Francisco Bay".
San Francisco Bay lies in the US state of California and is surrounded by a region known as the San Francisco Bay Area, that includes the big cities of San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose.
The Bay covers somewhere between 400 and 1,600 square miles (1,040 to 4,160 square kilometres), depending on which sub-bays (such as San Pablo Bay), estuaries, wetlands, and so on are included in the measurement.
Pronville

Pronville is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Suginami

is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan.
The municipality calls itself "Suginami City" in English.
Geography
Suginami is in the western part of Tokyo's special wards. It is next to Setagaya to the south. It's western neighbors are the cities of Mitaka and Musashino. Nerima is on the northern border. Nakano is to the east.
The Kanda river runs through the ward.
Alcubierre drive

The Alcubierre drive or Alcubierre warp drive is an idea for a faster-than-light travel engine. The Mexican theoretical physicist Miguel Alcubierre created this idea using Albert Einstein's field equations in general relativity. The main principle of this idea is by creating an energy-density field lower than that of a vacuum (that is, negative mass) to make the space in front of the ship contract and the space behind the ship expand. In theory, this would create a bubble in space-time around the craft, allowing it to stay still while the space around it moves. This would effectively avoid breaking Einstein's rule that no object in our universe may go as fast or faster than the speed of light, while still allowing an object to go to another very distant part of space much faster than light.
Perfect (The Smashing Pumpkins song)

"Perfect" is a 1998 song by American band the Smashing Pumpkins and is the second single from their fourth studio album Adore. It went to number 11 in Canada, number 17 in Iceland, number 18 in New Zealand, number 24 in the United Kingdom and number 54 in the United States.
Track listings
All songs were written by Billy Corgan, except "Summer", written by James Iha. Drums provided by Joey Waronker.
Michael I. Sovern

Michael Ira Sovern (December 1, 1931 - January 20, 2020) was an American educator. He was born in New York City. He was the 17th president of Columbia University from 1980 through 1993. He was the Chancellor Kent Professor of Law at Columbia Law School.
Sovern died on January 20, 2020 at the age of 88 in Manhattan from a rare form of cardiomyopathy at the age of 88.
Shelburne, Massachusetts

Shelburne is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Shock tactics

Shock tactics are those military tactics designed to overwhelm an enemy with fear, causing panic and confusion. Shock tactics are as old as warfare itself. The Mongols got their reputation for being invincible by the use of shock tactics. Numbers of Medieval knights mounted on their warhorses made coordinated shock attacks into the ranks of enemy soldiers. Robert E. Lee saw the advantage of the shock attack as not so much killing enemy soldiers, but to "create a panic and virtually destroy the [enemy] army." The disadvantage of a shock attack is that the attacker may suffer heavy casualties. During World War I, for example, Germany suffered great losses with its use of the shock attack.
Historic examples
Ancient armies often defeated their enemy through through the psychological impact of shock tactics.
The Hittites and Ancient Egyptians used the first mobile tool for shock tactics; the war Chariot. Charioteers were the elite branch of most armies of the time. But by the beginning of the classical period they were no longer effective. Armies had developed ways to defeat the chariots in battle. Even the infamous scythed chariots used by Darius I of Persia could be easily defeated by the infantry. They changed to a wider spacing of their phalanx formation. This allowed the soldiers to avoid the blades and let the scythed chariots to go right through. They then ran directly into the long pike formations directly behind each phalanx which impaled the chariots and their riders.
Philip II of Macedon and his son Alexander the Great depended on their elite Companion cavalry for their shock tactics to help win nearly every one of their battles. While the Macedonian phalanx units would engage the enemy, the cavalry was held in reserve. Once the phalanx broke up the lines, the Companion cavalry would act as shock troops and scatter the enemy soldiers.
The German Blitzkrieg (lightning war) of World War II was a shock tactic that was used to great effect against their enemies. The Blitzkrieg concentrated its forces behind offensive weapons such as tanks, artillery and airplanes to quickly push through enemy lines. The tanks would then be free to cause shock and confusion behind the enemy lines. They would interrupt supply lines, and prevent reinforcements from sealing the breach in their lines. The Germans would then envelop the enemy troops and force them to surrender (military).
Ray Thornton

Raymond Hoyt "Ray" Thornton, Jr. (July 16, 1928 - April 13, 2016) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the U.S. Representative for Arkansas' 4th congressional district from 1973 to 1979 and the 2nd district from 1991 to 1997.
He studied among others at Yale University.
Thornton died in Little Rock, Arkansas on April 13, 2016, aged 87.
Maureen Lipman

Dame Maureen Diane Lipman, (born 10 May 1946) is an English movie, theatre, radio and television actress, columnist and comedian. In recent years, she has become known for her role as Evelyn Plummer in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2018-present).
Dicotyledon

The dicotyledons, also known as dicots, are one of the two groups of flowering plants (angiosperms). The name refers to their seeds having two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. There are around 200,000 species in this group.
The other group of flowering plants were called monocotyledons or monocots, with one cotyledon. Historically, these two groups formed the two divisions of the flowering plants.
Sequence analysis showed what botanists already suspected: dicotyledons are not a monophyletic group. They are a number of lines, such as the magnoliids, and groups now known as basal angiosperms. They diverged earlier than the monocots did. The traditional dicots are a paraphyletic group.
The largest clade of the dicotyledons are known as the eudicots. They are definitely monophyletic. They differ from all other flowering plants in the structure of their pollen. Other dicotyledons and monocotyledons have an older type of pollen, whereas eudicots have derived pollen.
Compared to monocotyledons
Apart from cotyledon number, there are other differences between monocots and dicots. These are differences mainly between monocots and eudicots. Many early-diverging dicot groups have "monocot" characteristics such as scattered vascular bundles, trimerous flowers, and old-type pollen. Also, some monocots have dicot characteristics such as reticulated leaf veins.
Babenhausen, Bavaria

Babenhausen is a municipality in Unterallgau in Bavaria, Germany. It is seat of a municipal association with Egg an der Gunz, Kettershausen, Kirchhaslach, Oberschonegg and Winterrieden.
Wally Pfister

Walter C. "Wally" Pfister (born July 8, 1961) is an Academy Award-winning American cinematographer and movie director who is known for his cinematography in Batman Begins, Memento, Moneyball, Insomnia, The Dark Knight, Inception, and in The Dark Knight Rises. He began his directing career in the 2014 movie Transcendence.
Pfister was born on July 8, 1961 in Chicago, Illinois. He was raised both in Chicago and in New York City, New York. Pfister was married to Anna Julien since 1992. They had three children.
Jimmy Banks

James Banks (September 2, 1964 - April 26, 2019) was an American soccer player. He played as a defender.
Banks was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In college, he played for the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee's Milwaukee Panthers from 1983 to 1987. Between 1987 and 1993, he played indoor soccer for Milwaukee Wave. He played for the United States from 1986 to 1991. He played 36 games for his country, including two at the 1990 FIFA World Cup.
Banks died of pancreatic cancer on April 26, 2019 in Milwaukee. He was 54.
Betim

Betim is an Brazilian city in the state of Minas Gerais. Its population in 2019 was 439,340 and has an area of 343,856 km2.
Cayuta, New York

Cayuta is a hamlet and census-designated place in Schuyler County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, 510 people lived there.
Cayuta occupies the southeastern corner of the county. It is northeast of Elmira. The town is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Notable people
William T. Lawrence, former US Congressman
Communities and locations in the Town of Cayuta
Alpine Junction - A city near the northern town line on NY-13 and NY-224.
2009–10 Montreal Canadiens season

The 2009-10 Montreal Canadiens season is their 100th season of play and 92nd in the National Hockey League (NHL). The 2009 NHL Entry Draft took place in Montreal, Quebec, on June 26-27.
Ranggen

Ranggen is a municipality of the district of Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Christopher Reid (rapper)

Christopher Reid (born April 5, 1964), formerly known as Kid'' (shortened from his original MC name, Kid Coolout'''), is an American rapper, actor, and comedian. During the peak of his career in the rap duo Kid 'n Play (with Christopher Martin), Reid was notable for his exaggerated hi-top fade haircut.
Chefchaouen

Chefchaouen or Chaouen (Berber: /, Arabic: shfshwn/lshwn) is a small important historical and tourist city in the north of Maghreb. Chefchaouen is located in the Rif Mountains of northwestern Morocco. Many Moriscos and Jews settled in this city after the Spanish Reconquista in the Late Middle Ages. The city is famous for its blue houses and alleys.
Avinesh Rekhi

Avinesh Rekhi (born 5 October 1985) is an Indian television actor. He made his debut in the 2008 Bollywood movie Ru Ba Ru and his TV debut by playing the main lead in Chhal -- Sheh Aur Maat by Kabir Jaiswal. He then played a positive role in Sony India serial Main Naa Bhoolungi as Neeraj and a negative role in Colors serial Madhubala - Ek Ishq Ek Junoon with his character name Sultan. He has also worked in a few TV commercials. Currently he is playing the role of Uma Shankar (Male Lead) in Star Plus's show Tu Sooraj, Main Saanjh Piyaji.
Wisconsin Highway 33

Wisconsin Highway 33 is a Wisconsin state highway running east-west across central Wisconsin. It is 200.84 miles (323.22 km) in length.
Messiah

Messiah or the Anointed One is the figure promised by God to the Jews for the salvation of the world.
Other people in real life or fiction are called messianic if they have the qualities of a messiah, or people think they will bring about a better world.
The How, Where, and Why
Why: Jews believe the biblical prophets inspired by God to tell of his coming. During the period of the Roman rule in 1st century BC the idea of the messiah became very important in Jewish thought and teaching. According to the scriptures, the messiah would rescue the people from the Romans and restore the country.
How: There are many of ideas about how the messiah will come: Judge, warrior, beggar, academic, Philosopher, healer or a common person.
Jesus as the Messiah
Christianity, which began in Israel with Jewish followers of Jesus (), holds that the Messiah foretold by the Jewish Scriptures is Jesus, and that in fulfillment of prophecy Jesus died for the sins of the world, rose from the dead and lives today, seated at the right hand of God until His return. Most Jews do not hold these beliefs; those who do are sometimes called Messianic Jews. Some Messianic Jews and other Christians see the fact that a majority of Jews do not hold these beliefs as a fulfillment of prophecy. (see Epistle to the Romans chapter 10)
Muslims believe that Jesus was the son of Mary, that he was a mighty prophet of God and that he was the Messiah (though, in Islam, the Messiah has a different role than he does in Christianity or Judaism). They believe that he will come again one day in his Second Coming to fight besides the Mahdi against the Dajjal ("false messiah").
Lambesc

Lambesc is a commune of 7,934 people (2004). It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France.
Stanisław Gazda

Stanislaw Gazda (11 May 1938 - 28 October 2020) was a Polish cyclist. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome in the road race and finished in sixth place.
He was on the podium of the Tour de Pologne in 1958, 1959, 1962, 1963 and 1972 and won the race in 1963. In 1962, he finished third in the Peace Race. He was born in Pszczyna, Poland.
Gazda died on 28 October 2020 in Rybnik, Poland at the age of 82.
Asclepias cordifolia

Asclepias cordifolia (also known as the heart-leaf milkweed or purple milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant. It is not the same as Asclepias purpurascens, which is also known as purple milkweed. It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. It is native to western North America. Heart-leaf Milkweed is found in woodlands, rocky slopes, and lava flows.
Harvey Bullock (comics)

Harvey Bullock is a fictional Batman character who is a detective who is loyal to Commissioner James Gordon, but does not trust Batman. He is a corrupt detective in one case while in another case he is a good cop.
He was voiced by Robert Costanzo in Batman: The Animated Series.
Shadowrun (1996 video game)

is a cyberpunk visual novel role-playing video game for the Sega Mega-CD that was made and released by Japanese company Compile. It is based on the pen and paper RPG Shadowrun by FASA. It was released on February 23, 1996 in Japan, and is the last Mega-CD/Sega CD game released anywhere.
The game is based on a Japanese manga series. Unlike the other Shadowrun video games, which play in Seattle and surrounding areas, this game plays in Japan. There are no orcs and trolls because Japan exiles them. Like the original game, it uses six-sided dice rolls for a turn-based combat--conflict resolution system.
Reception
Famitsu scored the game a 24/40.
Mangang Luwang Khuman

Mangang Luwang Khuman is the triple deity of supreme divinity in Sanamahism, the Meitei religion. The three deities are Mangang Sitapa, Luwang Sitapa and Khuman Sitapa. They are also regarded as the progenitors of the Mangang dynasty, the Luwang dynasty and the Khuman dynasty, the three of the seven ruling clan dynasties of Antique Kangleipak (Ancient Manipur).
Mangang, Luwang and Khuman were distinguished by the passionate love for God and self abnegation. This feeling of self effacing love for God as the only ultimate means of realisation and salvation formed the basis of early Meitei religion.
They are represented by the specific divisions of a body, Mangang by head, Luwang by torso and Khuman by tail.
During the Hinduinisation of the entire Meitei ethnicity in the 18th century AD, the ideology and concepts of these three deities were mingled up with some Hindu elements. They were made equivalents to three of the nine Hindu Gotras, Mangang with "Aitereya", Luwang with "Kashyap" and Khuman with "Madhugalya". With the addition of the Sanskrit (Indo-Aryan) term "Guru" to each name of the three deities, they were mentioned in the evening prayers, as Mangang Guru, Luwang Guru and Khuman Guru.
Giant octopus

The Giant octopus is Enteroctopus, and one of its species is the largest octopus. There are four species: the North Pacific Giant Octopus (E. dofleini), the Southern Giant Octopus (Enteroctopus magnificus), E. megalocyathus, and E. zealandicus.
Overview
The only member of this genus that deserves the common name "Giant octopus" is Enteroctopus dofleini. This holds the record of being the world's largest octopus: direct measurements were made of a live 71 kg (156.5 lb) individual. This octopus had a total length near to 4 m (13 ft).
The remaining members of the genus are much smaller. E. megalocyathus has an average weight of 4 kg and a total length of 1 m. E. magnificus has a total length of around 1.5 m.
Mary I of England

Mary I (18 February 1516 - 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, was Queen regnant of England and Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death. She was the oldest daughter of Henry VIII, and the only child of Catherine of Aragon who survived childhood.
Mary succeeded her short-lived half-brother, Edward VI, to the English throne. She was the fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Mary is remembered for briefly re-making England a Roman Catholic country.
Mary had more than 280 disagreeing religious people burned at the stake, which are recorded in John Foxe's Book of Martyrs. Due to this, many called her "Bloody Mary". Her half sister on her fathers side, Elizabeth I, came to the throne after Mary's death. Elizabeth made England Protestant again and persecuted Catholics who were viewed as "traitor".
Life
Mary Tudor was born on 18 February 1516, in the Palace of Placentia in Greenwich. Unlike the other children of Catherine, she lived to be an adult. Her godfather was the famous Cardinal Thomas Wolsey.
Although she was not the heir Henry VIII was looking forward to, she was loved by her parents. When she was about 11, Henry decided to divorce Mary's mother, Catherine of Aragon, so he could marry Anne Boleyn.
After Anne Boleyn had a daughter, Henry VlII distrusted Mary and thought that her behavior came from her mother. So he purposefully separated Mary and Catherine of Aragon. He also banished them both from court and he removed Mary from the order of succession. Mary had to become one of her servants. After Anne Boleyn was killed by the King, Mary's half-sister also became a servant. A month later, Henry VIII married Jane Seymour. Queen Jane gave birth to Edward, Prince of Wales. 12 days later, Queen Jane died.
Mary lost a faithful friend and also her pride. She had acknowledged her parents' marriage as invalid and herself an illegitimate daughter. The rest of Mary's life with Henry VIII gave her a quick succession of stepmothers. Henry VIII died soon after marrying his last wife, Catherine Parr.
Henry had decided that the young prince was to succeed him. If he had no heirs then his older half-sister, Mary, was to be Queen.
If Mary did not produce a child, then Mary's half-sister, Elizabeth, was to be Queen. After Elizabeth and her heirs, would come Henry's sister Mary Tudor's side of the family.
Edward succeeded to the throne as King of England and Ireland. Edward began to show signs of a coughing disease.
Edward did not want Mary to succeed him. Edward went ahead with a plan to let his Protestant cousin Lady Jane Grey become Queen after he died. Lady Jane Grey was only queen of England for nine days. Mary executed her and married Philip II of Spain.
Mary had two phantom pregnancies (or false pregnancies), but had no child. The phantom pregnancies were cancer in her liver. After Mary died Elizabeth succeeded to the throne, becoming the new Queen Elizabeth I of England.
Vocal cords

The vocal cords or vocal folds are two sets of tissue stretched across the larynx. They can vibrate when air passes through the larynx. This produces sounds. Humans use them to produce language.
Men and women have different vocal fold sizes. Adult male voices are usually deeper: males have thicker cord. The male vocal folds are between 17 mm and 25 mm in length.
The female vocal folds are between 12.5 mm and 17.5 mm long.
The difference in vocal fold size between men and women means that their voices have a different pitch. Each person's voice is different and has a slightly different pitch. This is caused by genes that influence how the larynx is made.
False vocal cords
The vocal cords are sometimes called 'true vocal cords' to distinguish them from the false vocal cords. These are a pair of thick folds of mucous membrane. They sit directly above the true vocal folds, to protect them. They have a very small role in normal speech , but are often used in musical screaming and the death grunt singing style. They are also used in Tuvan throat singing.
The false cords are also called vestibular folds and ventricular folds. They can be seen on the diagram above as ventricular folds.
Unlike the true vocal cords, the false ones grow back completely when they are removed by surgery.
Omer, Michigan

Omer is a city in Arenac County, Michigan, United States.
Takahiro Yamanishi

Takahiro Yamanishi (born 2 April 1976) is a former Japanese football player.
Vest-Telemark

Vest-Telemark is the name of an area, in the south of Norway .
Some of the towns are: Fyresdal, Tokke, Vinje, Nissedal, Kviteseid, and Seljord.
In no area, has one found more traces ( examples or evidence ) of the Old Norse language and grammar.
Juan José Arévalo

Juan Jose Arevalo Bermejo (10 September 1904 - 8 October 1990) was a Guatemalan politician who became Guatemala's first democratically elected president in 1945. He remained in office until 1951, surviving 25 coup attempts.
His son is Congressman and 2023 presidential candidate Bernardo Arevalo.
He died in Guatemala City on 8 October 1990 at the age of 86.
Biskopsgården Church

The Biskopsgarden Church () is a church building in the southern parts of Biskopsgarden on the island of Hisingen in the town of Gothenburg in Sweden. It belongs to the Lundby of the Church of Sweden. It was opened in 1961. It was originally called the Southern Biskopsgarden Church () until the Northern Biskopsgarden Church was taken out of use in 2004.
Vital record

Vital records are records of life events. They include birth certificates, marriage licenses, and death certificates. In some jurisdictions, vital records may also include records of civil unions or domestic partnerships. In modern times these would be state-held records, though prior to civil registration these were often church-held records.
Paul Simon

Paul Simon (born October 13, 1941) is an American musician and songwriter. He is of Jewish descent and became famous as a member of Simon and Garfunkel, with his friend, Art Garfunkel. He wrote their songs. The two went their separate ways in the early 1970s and since then Simon has become a successful solo artist.
Paul Simon had his first success in 1958 when his song "Hey Schoolgirl" got to Number 49 on the US charts. He was performing with his friend Art Garfunkel in an act called "Tom and Jerry". His next success was in 1965 with "Sounds of Silence" which went to Number 1. This was also performed with Garfunkel under the name "Simon and Garfunkel.
Some of Simon's most famous songs include "Slip Sliding Away", "American Tune", "Late in the Evening", "Still Crazy After All These Years", "Me and Julio Down By the School Yard" and "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover". His 1986 album Graceland is very well-known. He is still producing music. His newest album is called Surprise.
Simon has received three honorary doctorates in music, including one from Yale University and one from Berklee College of Music. In 2006, Time said that he was one of the 100 people who shape our world.
Category

A category is a group of people or things that are the same in some way.
Affiliate marketing

Affiliate marketing is creating content that recommends specific products with a shared revenue business model. The creators place affiliate links in the content. Usually, the remuneration is based on the commission for the products sold. Most of the big brands are happy to use this type of marking, offering directly by the company itself or through 3rd party affiliate networks. It is a very effective form of advertising. Content recipients are often more susceptible to comments from their favorite creators, which makes them more likely to buy a given product.
Meg Lanning

Meghann Moira Lanning is a cricketer from Australia. She is the captain of the national women's team. She was born on March 25, 1992.
Tyrian purple

Tyrian purple is a reddish dark purple color.
Jan Halvarsson

Jan Ivar "Janne" Halvarsson (26 December 1942 - 5 May 2020) was a Swedish cross-country skier. He was born in Ostersund, Sweden. He won a silver medal at the 1968 Winter Olympics.
Halvarsson died on 5 May 2020 in Hammerdal, Sweden, aged 77.
Gonsans

Gonsans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Heat death of the universe

The heat death of the universe or just heat death is a theory about how our universe might end. It would involve entropy reaching its maximum state and thermodynamics ceasing. It will not happen for a extremely long time. The very earliest estimates place it as 10^100 years from now, or one with one hundred zeros. It may take even far longer than that.
Thilo Sarrazin

Thilo Sarrazin (born 12 February 1945) is a German economist and former politician of the SPD. In 2000 and 2001, Sarrazin worked for the Deutsche Bahn. In 2002, he became the senator for finance in the German state of Berlin. In May 2009, he has become a member of the executive board of the Deutsche Bundesbank.
Sarrazin published the book Deutschland schafft sich ab ("Germany Abolishes Itself") with controversial comments about the German immigration system. The book was published on 30 August 2010. His book led the executive board members of the Bundesbank to ask to dismiss Thilo Sarrazin from his office. This must be done by the German Bundesprasident Christian Wulff. After an agreement with the German Bundesbank, Thilo Sarrazin will leave his post at the end of September.
Sarrazin is also known for statements such as the following:
"Integration needs performance from those that are to be integrated. I will not show respect for anyone that is not performing in that way. I do not have to acknowledge anyone who lives by welfare, denies the very state that provides that welfare, refuses to care for the education of his children and constantly produces new little headscarf-girls."
Life
Sarrazin was born in Gera, Germany. His father was a doctor and the mother a daughter of a West Prussian landowner. His paternal family, a French Huguenot family, is originally from Burgundy. His grandmother was English-Italian. He has explained that his name means Saracen (i.e. Muslim) and is common in Southern France. It comes from the Arab pirates that were called "Saracens" in the Middle Ages. His mother has a Polish origin. He has referred to himself as "a European mongrel".
He grew up in Recklinghausen. At age seven, he went to an orphanage in Bavaria. He graduated from the local gymnasium and then served in the military from 1967 to 1971. Then, he studied Economics at the University of Bonn, earning his doctorate. From November 1973 to December 1974 he worked for the Friedrich Ebert Foundation and became active in the SPD.
In 1975 Sarrazin started to work in the Federal Ministry of Finance. Until 1981 he served as Head of Unit in the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. In 1981, he returned to the Federal Ministry of Finance. In October 1981, he started to work as bureau chief and was a close collaborator of Federal Finance Minister Hans Matthofer and his successor Manfred Lahnstein. Even after the end of the socialist-liberal coalition in October 1982, Sarrazin remained in the Finance Ministry. There he was director of several units, including (from 1989 to 1990) the "Innerdeutsche Beziehungen", which the German monetary, economic and social union prepared. During his time as Head of the Federal Ministry of Finance, he was partly responsible for German railways.
From 1990 to 1991, Sarrazin worked for the Treuhand. Then he was up to 1997 State Secretary in the Ministry of Finance in Rhineland-Palatinate.
Sarrazin is married to Ursula Sarrazin (nee Breit) and has two sons.
Bill Frist

Bill Frist (born February 22, 1952) is a former Republican U.S. Senator from Tennessee. He served in the United States Senate from 1995 to 2007.
Frist was born on February 22, 1952 in Nashville, Tennessee. He studied at Princeton University and at Harvard Medical School. He is married to Tracy Roberts Frist.
2017 Battlefords—Lloydminster federal by-election

The 2017 Battlefords--Lloydminster federal by-election took place in the federal voting area of Battlefords--Lloydminster in Saskatchewan. It happened on December 11, 2017. The by-election was called after Conservative MP Gerry Ritz decided he didn't want to be MP anymore.
The seat stayed in control of the Conservatives. Rosemarie Falk won the seat with more votes than the time before.
The by election was held on the same day as 3 others in Canada. These were Bonavista--Burin--Trinity in Newfoundland and Labrador, Scarborough--Agincourt in Ontario and South Surrey--White Rock in British Columbia.
Water rail

The Water rail (Rallus aquaticus) is a bird in the Rallidae family.
Pierre Deligne

Pierre Rene, Viscount Deligne (born 3 October 1944) is an important Belgian mathematician. He is known for work on the Weil conjectures.
He was born in Etterbeek. He went to school at Athenee Adolphe Max and studied at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB).
He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1978, the Crafoord Prize in 1988, the Balzan Prize in 2004 and the Wolf Prize in 2008.
In 2006 he was ennobled by the Belgian king as viscount.
In 2009, Deligne was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Milena Jelinek

Milena Jelinek (Czech: Milena Jelinkova, nee Tobolova) (1935 - April 16, 2020) was a Czech-American screenwriter, playwright and teacher. She wrote the screenplay for the movie Forgotten Light, which was awarded three Czech Lions in 1997. She was an important person during the Czech New Wave. She was married to the late Frederick Jelinek. Jelinek was born in Prague.
Jelinek died on April 16, 2020 of COVID-19 in New York City, aged 84.
Lihou

Not to be confused with Lihou Reef National Nature Reserve
Lihou () is a small tidal island (95 vergees; 38 1/2 acres; 15.6 hectares) that is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, Channel Islands. It lies off the west coast of Guernsey and is the most westerly point in the Channel Islands. Coordinates: . The island was bought by the States of Guernsey in January 1995. Lihou is connected to Guernsey at low tide by an ancient stone causeway between the island and L'Eree headland. It is part of the Parish of St. Peter's. Lihou's bird and marine life makes it an important conservation area.
History
Like many other Channel Islands, Lihou's name contains the Norman language suffix "-hou" of Old Norse origin.
The island has the ruins of the priory of St. Mary which is believed to have been set up by Benedictine monks in the 12th century. The monks of the priory were not very popular with the local people, who thought they were devil worshippers. This animosity may be due to the monks' insistence on rights of wreck. Until 1415 it was under the control of Mont Saint Michel and then Eton College until the Reformation when it was closed and fell into disrepair.
The house on Lihou was used for target practice by heavy artillery during the German Occupation of the Channel Islands during World War II. It has now been rebuilt as accommodation for school groups, and is used as an educational resource.
Vraic (seaweed) was harvested and dried on frames set up on the beach. A 1927 factory building produced iodine from seaweed. All traces of the industry disappeared during the German Occupation.
The Lihou family name is included in parish records which go back as far as the early 15th century and there are a number of groups who study the ancestry of the Lihou's. More recently a group was set up using the social networking site 'Facebook' which links Lihou's around the world.
Chub (gay)

Chub is gay slang for a hugely overweight gay man. Chubs have their own social clubs. They have their own beauty pageants and other fun things to do. Smaller men who are attracted to chubs are called "chasers", "chub chasers" or "chubby chasers", "hairy fairy" is also a known term.
Maibam

Maibam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Eric Haydock

Eric Haydock (born Eric John Haddock; 3 February 1943 - 5 January 2019) was a British musician. He was best known as the original bass guitarist of The Hollies from December 1962 until July 1966.
Haydock died on 5 January 2019, at the age of 75.
1984 United States presidential election

The 1984 United States presidential election happened on November 6, 1984. Ronald Reagan, the incumbent president and Republican candidate, won the election. He defeated Walter Mondale, the Democratic candidate, who was the vice president of Jimmy Carter.
During the debates, Mondale criticized Ronald Reagan's idea (called Strategic Defense Initiative) to build a missile defense system and also criticized him for making the government borrow too much money.
The bad economy of 1982 ended, and the economy recovered very quickly. During the election, the economy was the greatest it had been in many years. Ronald Reagan called it "Morning In America".
Ronald Reagan won the election by a huge landslide (winning 49 out of 50 states).
This election received the highest electoral votes towards any presidential nominee in American history. It is the lowest electoral vote for a Democratic nominee and the highest for a Republican to date.
Mitsubishi A7M

The Mitsubishi A7M Reppu (Japanese for "Strong Gale") was a fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Navy. It was made to be a successor to the A6M Zero. It was designed to get superior speed, agility, and weaponry over the Zero. The wing area and overall size were also greater, about the same as the American P-47 Thunderbolt. The A7M's allied codename was "Sam".
Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum

The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is a museum that deals with the history of country music. The museum is located in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The museum also honors the major people in the history of country music.
Bōsō Peninsula

The Boso Peninsula (Fang Zong Ban Dao , Boso-hanto) is a Peninsula that encompasses the entirety of Chiba Prefecture on Honshu island. It forms the eastern edge of Tokyo Bay separating it from the Pacific Ocean.
Châteauneuf-du-Faou

Chateauneuf-du-Faou () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
Willi Holdorf

Willi Holdorf (17 February 1940 -- 5 July 2020) was a West German athlete. In 1964, he won the first Olympic gold medal for Germany in decathlon and was named German Sportspersonality of the Year. He was born in Blomesche Wildnis, Germany.
Holdorf died on 5 July 2020 at his home in Achterwehr, Germany from an illness, aged 80.
William Wyler

William Wyler (; born Willi Wyler (); July 1, 1902 - July 27, 1981) was a German-Swiss movie director, producer and screenwriter.
His best known works were Ben-Hur (1959), The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), and Mrs. Miniver (1942), all of which won Academy Awards for Best Director, as well as Best Picture.
Juiced (video game)

Juiced is a racing video game has been published by THQ, and developed by Juiced Games. Released in 2005 in North America and Europe (except Japan in 2006 by Sega). Released on console PlayStation 2 and Xbox.
Sequel
The two sequel called Juiced: Eliminator released in 2006 exclusively for PlayStation Portable, and also Juiced 2, released at the same console in 2007.
Arrondissement of Montbrison

The arrondissement of Montbrison is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Loire departement, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region. Its capital, and a subprefecture of the department, is the city of Montbrison.
History
When the Loire department was created in 1793, the arrondissement of Montbrison was part of that original department.
Geography
The arrondissement of Montbrison is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Roanne, to the east by the Rhone department, to the southeast by the arrondissement of Saint-Etienne, to the south by the Haute-Loire department, and to the west by the Puy-de-Dome department.
It is in the central part of the department and is the largest arrondissement with an area of , and the second in population with 188,635 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km2.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
Regional lockout

Regional lockout is something used to prevent the playing of media for device, sold in another country. It can be programming practice, code, chip, or physical barrier. Regional lockout may be used in movies, video games and computer printers. The DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and UMD media formats all support the use of region coding
B. J. Habibie

Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (25 June 1936 - 11 September 2019) was an Indonesian engineer who was President of Indonesia from May 21, 1998 to October 20, 1999.
Bonobo

The bonobo (Pan paniscus) is a great ape and the smaller of the two species making up the genus Pan (the other is Pan troglodytes, the common chimpanzee). The bonobo is sometimes called the dwarf or pygmy chimpanzee. Although the name "chimpanzee" is sometimes used to refer to both species together, it is usually understood to mean the common chimpanzee, while Pan paniscus is usually referred to as the bonobo.
The bonobo lives in rain forest, in a area south of the Congo River. This is in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central Africa.
The bonobo has high levels of sexual behavior. Sex functions in conflict appeasement, affection, social status, excitement, and stress reduction. It occurs in virtually all partner combinations and in a variety of positions. This may explain the lower levels of aggression in the bonobo as compared to the common chimpanzee and other apes. Bonobos are matriarchal and a male's rank in the social hierarchy is often determined by his mother's rank.
The two chimpanzee species are separated by the huge Congo River. Its formation 1.5-2 million years ago may have led to the speciation of the bonobo. Their population is between 29,000 and 50,000 individuals. The species is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. It is threatened by habitat destruction, human population growth and commercial poaching. The bonobo lives for about 40 years in captivity, though its lifespan in the wild is unknown.
2013 Formula One World Championship

The 2013 Formula One season was the 64th season of the Formula One World Championship. Eleven teams and twenty-two drivers competed in nineteen Grands Prix. The season started in Australia on 17 March and ended in Brazil on 24 November.
The 2013 season was the final year for the 2.4 litre V8 engine setup.
Sebastian Vettel was the defending World Drivers' Champion. He was Champion again in 2013.
Signed teams and drivers
At the 2012 Malaysian Grand Prix, Bernie Ecclestone said that the "majority" of teams in the 2012 season agreed to compete in 2013.
On 30 November 2012, the FIA published a provisional entry list for the 2013 season.
Team changes
In November 2012, the owners of HRT F1 placed the team for sale. The team needed to find a buyer by 30 November to remain in the sport. HRT failed to find a buyer and the team was not included in the 2013 entry list.
Driver changes
In September 2012, seven-time World Champion Michael Schumacher said that he was retiring from the sport for a second time. World Champion Lewis Hamilton agreed to take Schumacher's place. The move ended his fourteen-year career with McLaren.
Driver Sergio Perez left Sauber to join McLaren. Nico Hulkenberg filled the vacant seat at Sauber. Hulkenberg was joined by Esteban Gutierrez, who was Sauber's testing and reserve driver in and .
Charles Pic moved from Marussia to Caterham. Max Chilton took his place at Marussia.
Calendar
The following nineteen races appeared on the 2013 race schedule. The number of races on the Formula One calendar is dictated by the Concorde Agreement.
The calendar was originally meant to host twenty races. This would add the new Grand Prix of Jersey. The race in New Jersey was delayed to 2014.
Calendar changes
The European Grand Prix was discontinued starting in 2013.
Nurburgring hosted the German Grand Prix in 2013.
Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center

Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center is a large wind farm with 735.5 megawatt (MW) capacity. It consists of 291 GE 1.5 MW wind turbines and 130 Siemens 2.3 MW wind turbines spread over nearly 47,000 acres (190 km2) of land in Taylor and Nolan County, Texas.
The first phase of the Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center consisted of 213 MW and was completed in late 2005; phase two consisted of 223.5 MW and was completed in the second quarter of 2006; phase three which consisted of 299 MW, was completed by the end of 2006.
Anton Pfeffer

Anton "Toni" Pfeffer (born 17 August 1965) is a former Austrian profedsional footballer. He played for FK Austria Wien and the Austrian national football team as defender.
Career
Pfeffer's youth club was SV Turnitz. In 1985, at the age of 20, he moved to FK Austria Wien. There he stayed till the end of his career in 2000. He played 395 league matches for the team and scored 24 goals. He also was captain of the team a long time.
International career
Pfeffer made his debut for Austria in an April 1988 friendly match against Greece. He was a participant at the 1990 and 1998 FIFA World Cup. He earned 63 caps, scoring one goal. His last international was the 0-9 demolition by Spain in a European Championship qualification match in March 1999.
After the career
After ending his football career in 2000, Pfeffer ran unsuccessfully in local elections for the Austrian People's Party. In 2005, he joined the board of SKN St. Polten and advises the executive committee on sporting issues.
Pfeffer has also developed a folk singing career . He released two collections of Austrian folk songs. He currently works as one of Sky Austria's main football experts .
United First Parish Church, Quincy, Massachusetts

United First Parish Church, Quincy, Massachusetts is a Unitarian Universalist church in Quincy, Massachusetts. It became the parish church of Quincy in 1639. The building was built in 1828.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights is a treaty of international human rights law. It was adopted by the Organization of African Unity (today, African Union) on 27 July 1981 and came into force on 21 October 1986. The preamble confirms the authority of the charter of the United Nations. It also confirms the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The charter itself condemns apartheid, colonialism, neocolonialism and Zionism as violations of human rights. Unlike the European Convention on Human Rights, the charter confirms economic, social and cultural rights. These include the right to work, and civil rights. It also confirms the rights to self-determination, economic development, natural resources and to a good environment.
Pakistan Air Force

Pakistan Air Force (, Pak Faza'ya) (PAF) is the Aviation branch of the Pakistan armed forces and is responsible for defending Pakistani air-space from intrusions. It also provides air support for ground troops. Every year on the 7th of September, the day after the annual celebration of the Pakistan Defense Day, the day is celebrated as the Air Force day in Pakistan. That day air shows and other programs mark the PAF's role in defending the nation.
The fighter fleet of PAF (Pakistan Air Force) comprise of J-10 C Vigorous Dragon, F-16 Fighting Flacon, JF-17 Thunder, Mirage III, Mirage V, F-7 P & PG Skybolt. However, for the training purposes, it uses Super Mushshak SMK, T-37 Tweet Bird and Karakorum K-8.
Eduardo Lourenço

Eduardo Lourenco GCSE, GCIH (23 May 1923 - 1 December 2020) was a Portuguese essayist, professor, critic, philosopher, and writer. He was a professor at the University of Coimbra. He won the Camoes Prize in 1996. Lourenco was born in Almeida, Portugal.
Lourenco died on 1 December 2020 in Lisbon at the age of 97.
After the Wedding (1962 movie)

After the Wedding () is a 1962 Soviet drama movie directed by Mikhail Yershov. It stars Stanislav Khitrov, Natalya Kustinskaya, and Aleftina Konstantinova.
Lermoos

Lermoos is a municipality of the district of Reutte in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera

The Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera is a mid-size car produced from the 1982 to 1996 model years. The car is similar to the Buick Century, Chevrolet Celebrity and Pontiac 6000. In 1984, a wagon version was introduced as the Cutlass Cruiser.
In 1996 Cutlass name was dropped and sold as the Oldsmobile Ciera.
Matemale

Matemale is a commune in the Pyrenees-Orientales department. It is in southern France.
Roman Italy

Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula.
Italia was the home of the capital of the Roman Empire - Rome itself.
Bridge

A bridge is a structure to cross an open space or gap. Bridges are mostly made for crossing rivers, valleys, or roads. Nowadays most big bridges are made to carry vehicles but people have also walked across bridges for thousands of years. Bridges called highway overpasses carry a road over another road.
Military bridges are portable, so that they may be easily moved to where they are needed. This makes them much more complex than most civilian bridges.
The first man-made bridges were probably made from cut wood or stones. Some stone bridges have lasted thousands of years. In recent centuries large bridges are made mostly of steel. They do not last as long. Many bridges are in a state of disrepair.
Ram Baran Yadav

Ram Baran Yadav (born 4 February 1948) is a Nepalese politician and physician. He was the 1st President of Nepal following the declaration of a republic in 2008. He was president from 23 July 2008 to 29 October 2015.
Yadav was Minister of State for Health in the 1991-1994 Nepali Congress government. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1999.
Park Jong-jin (footballer, born 1987)

Park Jong-Jin (born 24 June 1987) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.
Heir apparent

An heir (female: heiress) is a person who has inherited something after the original owner's death. It is often a child after a parent dies.
Heir apparent and heir presumptive usually refer to someone who will inherit a royal or noble title:
An heir apparent is someone who will inherit at the death of the present title-holder.
A Crown Prince is an heir apparent to the throne in a monarchy.
An heir presumptive is someone who may inherit unless someone with a better claim under the rules of succession is found.
King Charles III's oldest son is Prince William, who is thus the heir apparent of the British monarchy.
Prince Bertil of Sweden was the heir presumptive to his nephew King Carl XVI Gustav. The King's son, Prince Carl Philip became heir apparent when he was born, but when in 1980 the law of succession changed, his sister Princess Victoria became the world's first heiress apparent.
Coatsburg, Illinois

Coatsburg is a village in Illinois in the United States.