Azores

The Azores () is an archipelago of nine volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean; they are about west of Lisbon and about southeast of Newfoundland. The islands, and their Exclusive Economic Zone, form the Autonomous Region of the Azores, one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal.
There are nine major Azores islands and several very small islands (islets), in three main groups. They extend for more than and lie in a northwest-southeast direction.
The archipelago is part of the Macaronesia islands.
History
Officially, the islands were discovered in the 15th century (in 1431) by Goncalo Velho Cabral a Captain in the service of Infante Dom Henrique, although credit is also given to the explorer Diogo de Silves (in 1427).
The archipelago was settled over the centuries, mostly from mainland Portugal. Portuguese settlers came from the provinces of Algarve, Minho, Alentejo and Ribatejo, as well as Madeira.
In 1976, the Azores became the Autonomous Region of the Azores (), an autonomous region of Portugal.
Geography
The archipelago is in the Atlantic Ocean between 36o and 43o latitude North and between 25o and 31o longitude West. They have a very humid oceanic climate with relatively small annual variations.
The nine islands are in three natural geographic groups, each group separated by more than of water. These groups are:
The eastern group, with the islands of Sao Miguel and Santa Maria;
The central group, with the islands of Faial, Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, and Pico;
The western group, with the islands of Flores and Corvo.
The eastern group also has, to the northeast of Santa Maria, a group of very small islands (islets) and reefs that are named Ilheus das Formigas (Islets of the Ants), or just Formigas ("Ants"); these smalls islands, together with the Dollabarat reef, form the Reserva Natural do Ilheu das Formigas.
The nine islands have a total area of . Their individual areas vary between of the largest island (Sao Miguel) to of the smallest (Corvo).
All the islands have volcanic origins, although some, such as Santa Maria, have had no recorded activity since the islands were settled. The last volcano to erupt in the archipelago was the Capelinhos Volcano () in 1957, in the western part of the island of Faial. Earthquakes are common on most of the islands.
The Azores are on place where three of the world's large tectonic plates (the North American Plate, the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate) meet. The westernmost islands of the archipelago, (Corvo and Flores), are in the North American Plate, while the remaining islands are located within the region where the Eurasian plate is separated from the African Plates.
The volcano Mount Pico, on the Pico island, is the highest point in Portugal, at .
Climate
Daily maximum temperatures usually range between and . The average annual rainfall increases from east to west, and it ranges from 700 to 1600 annual millimetres (27.6-63 in) on average, reaching on Mount Pico.
The sea around the Azores is warmed by the Gulf Stream and sea water temperature varies from to .
Hurricanes
A total of 11 tropical or subtropical cyclones have affected the region in history. Most of them were either extratropical or tropical storms when they impacted the region, although several hurricanes of Category 1 have reached the Azores.
Administration
When the Azores became an Autonomous Region of Portugal, the cities of Ponta Delgada, Angra and Horta were considered capital/administrative cities to the regional government: homes to the President (Ponta Delgada), the Judiciary (Angra) and the Regional Assembly (Horta).
The Azores are divided into 19 municipalities (); each municipality is further divided into parishes (), of which there is a total of 156 in all of the Azores. The municipalities, by island, are:
Cities
There are five cities () in the Azores:
Ponta Delgada (), Sao Miguel island, with 68,809 inhabitants: 33,516 men and 35,293 women.
Ribeira Grande (), Sao Miguel island, with 32,112 inhabitants: 16,187 men and 15,925 women.
Angra do Heroismo (), Terceira island, with 35,402 inhabitants: 17,270 men and 18, 132 women.
Praia da Vitoria (), Terceira island, with 21,035 inhabitants: 10,434 men and 10,601 women.
Horta (), Faial island, with 14,994 inhabitants: 7,324 men and 7,670 women.
Population
According to the 2011 Census, the total population in the Azores was 246,746: 121,533 men and 125,213 women. The density for the whole Archipelago is 106 persons/km2.
Economy
The Azores economy is based mainly on agriculture, fisheries and tourism.
In the agriculture sector, cattle-raising is very important. Some of the most important crops in the Azores are pineapples, grapes, potatoes, tobacco and tea. Fisheries are an important economic activity on all islands. Fishing methods are highly traditional among Azorean fishermen. Industry in the Azores is based mainly on the production of dairy products (milk, cheese) and transformation of fisheries products, such as tuna.
It is tourism, however, that has been growing more in recent years. It is far less developed than those industries of its Macaronesian neighbours, Madeira and Canary Islands.