kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Rosemary Kennedy

Rose Marie "Rosemary" Kennedy (September 13, 1918 - January 7, 2005) was a member of the Kennedy family. She was the first sister of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and longtime Senator Ted Kennedy. She was said to have substandard intelligence, with a mental age of between age 8 and 13.
She had seizures and sudden changes in mood. At this time, doctors thought that a surgery called a lobotomy would fix these problems. In a lobotomy, one part of the brain is cut away from the rest. She got a lobotomy in 1941, when she was 23 years old, but it failed. She was left with the intelligence of a two-year-old child. After this, she could not speak correctly or walk. She lived the rest of her life in a care facility for people with disabilities.
Early life
Rosemary was born at her parents' home in Brookline, Massachusetts. She was the third child and first daughter of Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Sr. and Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald. Although named after her mother, she was commonly called "Rosemary" or "Rosie".
Rose Kennedy sent Rosemary to the Sacred Heart Convent in Elmhurst, Providence, Rhode Island, at age 15, where she was educated separately from the other students. Two nuns and a special teacher, Miss Newton, worked with her all day in a separate classroom. The Kennedys gave the school a new tennis court for their efforts. Her reading, writing, spelling, and counting skills were reported to be at a fourth-grade level. She studied hard but felt she disappointed her parents, whom she wanted to please. During this period, her mother arranged for her older brother Jack to accompany her to a tea-dance. Thanks to him, she appeared "not different at all" during the tea-dance.
Lobotomy
When Rosemary Kennedy was in her early 20s, she had mental health problems. She was sometimes violent and would hit people. Her father worried that she would get pregnant. He also worried that her behavior would cause controversy for other members of the family. She also had seizures.
Doctors thought that a lobotomy would make her more calm, and fix these problems. Her father decided she should get a lobotomy, without telling his wife. They did the surgery in November 1941. It failed, so Rosemary could not walk or talk correctly any more.
James Watts was one of the doctors who did the surgery. He said that before the surgery, Rosemary probably had depression.
Afterwards, Rosemary could not live alone. She lived at Craig House, a hospital for people with mental health problems. In 1949, they moved her to another facility, called Saint Coletta. This facility cared for people with mental disabilities. Her father never saw her again. Until 1961, the family kept her health problem a secret. They did not talk about it in public.
Death
Rosemary Kennedy died from natural causes on January 7, 2005, at the Fort Atkinson Memorial Hospital in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, at the age of 86, with her sisters Jean, Eunice, and Patricia, and brother Ted, by her side. She was buried beside her parents in Holyhood Cemetery in Brookline, Massachusetts.
Victor, New York

Victor is a town in Ontario County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, 14,275 people lived in Victor.
Swiss National Park

Swiss National Park is a protected area in Switzerland. It is located in the Eastern Alps of Switzerland. It is the country's only national park. This park was founded on August 1, 1914, the national holiday of Switzerland. It is one of the oldest national parks in Europe.
It is part of the worldwide UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
The park covers an area of 174.2 square kilometers and is situated in the canton of Graubunden, near Zernez, S-chanf, Scuol, and the Fuorn Pass in the Engadin valley, close to the Italian border.
Swiss National Park is known for its strict rules. Visitors are not allowed to leave marked paths, start fires, or camp outside the mountain hut, called Chamanna Cluozza. Taking any items or disturbing the park's animals and plants is also prohibited. Dogs are not allowed, even on a leash.
A visitor centre is located in Zernez. The road through the park leads over the Fuorn Pass (or Ofenpass) to South Tyrol in Italy.
In addition to the Swiss National Park, Switzerland also has sixteen regional nature parks.
Hamza Ben Driss Ottmani

Hamza Ben Driss Ottmani (10 May 1940 - 30 May 2012) was a Moroccan economist and writer.
Biography
Hamza studied Aerospace engineering at Ecole nationale de l'aviation civile (the French civil aviation university; promotion 1963) and was an economist graduate from ENSAE ParisTech.
He is known as a writer. His work focuses on his hometown, Essaouira.
His first book, "Une cite sous les alizes" ("a city under the trade winds"), is a historical study of Mogador-Essaouira from prehistory to World War II. He then turned to fiction but retained a strong historical basis.
In "Si Mogador m'etait contee" ("If Mogador could talk"), the old narrator, Lalla Aicha, revives twenty stories from the ignored past of the city. "Le Soldat qui venait de Mogador" ("The soldier who came from Mogador") tells the story of the trip to Mecca of Si Taieb El Ech Chiadmi Maskali, in 1912.
Tom Benson

Thomas Milton Benson (July 12, 1927 - March 15, 2018) was an American businessman, philanthropist and sports franchise owner. He was the owner of the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL) and New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
As a sports team owner, Benson had a Super Bowl victory; with the Saints winning Super Bowl XLIV.
Benson died of complications from influenza on March 15, 2018 in Jefferson, Louisiana at the age of 90.
Jan Olszewski

Jan Ferdynand Olszewski (20 August 1930 in Warsaw - 7 February 2019 in Warsaw) was a Polish lawyer and political figure. He is best known for serving as Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland from 1991 to 1992.
Olszewski died after a long illness on 7 February 2019 in a Warsaw hospital, aged 88.
Leavenworth, Washington

Leavenworth is a city in Chelan County, Washington, United States. The population was 1,965 at the 2010 census.
The entire town center is modeled on a Bavarian village.
Leuk District

The district of Leuk in the canton of Valais contains the following municipalities:
1The municipalities of Guttet and Feschel were combined on October 1, 2000
Districts of Valais
Lier, Belgium

Lier is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 33,259 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 07 North, 04deg 34 East.
Ypsilanti, Michigan

Ypsilanti ( , often mispronounced ), commonly shortened to Ypsi, is a city in Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is known as the home of Eastern Michigan University. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 21,018. Ypsilanti is located 6 miles (10 km) east of Ann Arbor and about 18 miles (29 km) west of the Detroit city limits.
Ford Focus

The Ford Focus is a small car made by Ford Motor Company from 1998 to the present day.
First generation (1998-2004)
Ford created the first generation Focus in late 1998 with 3 and 5-door hatchbacks, saloon and estate versions. The older Escort was produced alongside it until 2000 (vans until 2002). In late 2001, the model was facelifted at the front and inside, It had new front lights, new bumper and different seats as well as new diesel engines. It was very popular thanks to its styling and fun handling which resulted in being the UK's best-selling car during its time in production.
Second generation (2004-2011)
Ford created the second generation Focus in late 2004 with the same versions as the previous generation. In early 2008, the model was facelifted at the front and back, it had new front lights, new bumper and new grille. This was the only generation to include a hard-folding convertible model.
Third generation (2011-2018)
Ford created the third generation Focus in early 2011 with 5-door hatchback, saloon and estate versions, a 3-door hatchback is no longer offered. In late 2014, the model was facelifted at the front and back, It had new front lights, new bumper and new grille. The third generation Ford Focus was also available in the RS Trim, a sport version of the normal Focus and sold for a higher price.
Fourth generation (2018-present)
Ford created the fourth generation Focus in Summer 2018 with hatchback, saloon and estate versions. It appeared exactly 20 years after the original Focus launched. It was facelifted in late 2021. A fourth generation Focus RS was planned, but ultimately was scrapped due to the cost of developing a hybrid powertrain.
Earline W. Parmon

Earline W. Parmon (Nonember 18, 1943 - March 15, 2016) was an American Democratic member of the North Carolina General Assembly. She represented the state's seventy-second House district
Parmon has served five terms in the state House. She announced in 2012 that she would run for a seat in the North Carolina Senate. Parmon served in the North Carolina State Senate and resigned in 2015. Parmon also served as Forsyth County, North Carolina commissioner.
Parmon died on March 15, 2016 from a short-illness in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. She was aged 72.
Blencarn

Blencarn is a village in Culgaith, Eden, Cumbria, England. A Wesleyan chapel was built in Blencarn in 1840.
Bucilly

Bucilly is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Munsee language

Munsee (also known as Munsee Delaware, Delaware, Ontario Delaware, Delaware: Huluniixsuwaakan, Monsii elixsuwakan) is an endangered language of Native Americans. It is part of the Eastern Algonquian subgroup of the Algonquian language family. It is one of two Delaware Languages. The other is Unami. The language was spoken in area of modern New York City, southeaster New York State, northern New Jersey and northeastern Pennsylvania.
Montoire-sur-le-Loir

Montoire-sur-le-Loir is a commune near Vendome. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Loir-et-Cher department in central France.
2017 All-Pro Team

The 2017 All-Pro Team is the National Football League players that were selected to the Associated Press, Pro Football Writers Association and Sporting News All-Pro Teams in 2017. Some players are First-Team and some are Second-Team. First-Team has better players.
Teams
Key
AP = Associated Press first-team All-Pro
AP-2 = Associated Press second-team All-Pro
AP-2t = Tied for second-team All-Pro in the AP vote
PFWA = Pro Football Writers Association All-NFL
SN = Sporting News All-Pro
Position differences
PFWA did not separate the tackles and guards into more specific positions as the AP did.
Eubranchidae

Eubranchidae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Aeolidioidea, the aeolid nudibranchs.
Jim Ross (ice hockey)

James "Jim" Ross (May 20, 1926 - January 1, 2016) was a Scottish-Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played as a defenceman from 1944 until 1955. He played 62 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers.
Ross was born in Edinburgh. He later moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His wife, Margaret, died in 2008. They had four children.
Ross died on January 1, 2016 in Woodstock, Ontario, aged 89.
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany

Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (30 July 1549 - 3 February 1609) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609. He succeeded his older brother Francesco I.
Ferdinando was the fifth son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Eleonora di Toledo.
He was a Cardinal before he became Grand Duke, until he married Christine of Lorraine in 1589. He was succeeded by his eldest son, who reigned as Cosimo II. His wife and daughter-in-law Maria Maddalena of Austria acted as regents for Cosimo II.
Issue
Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1590-1621); married Maria Maddalena of Austria and had issue;
Eleonora de' Medici (1591-1617) died unmarried
Catherine de' Medici (1593-1629); married Ferdinando Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, later Governor of Siena;
Francesco de' Medici (1594-1614) died unmarried;
Carlo de' Medici (1595-1666) died unmarried;
Filippino de' Medici (1598-1602) died unmarried;
Lorenzo de' Medici (1599-1648) died unmarried;
Maria Maddalena de' Medici (1600-1633) died unmarried;
Claudia de' Medici (1604-1648); married (1) Federico della Rovere and had issue; (2) Leopold V, Archduke of Austria and had issue.
Andrey (footballer, born 1974)

Andrey Gustavo dos Santos (born 23 September 1974) is a former Brazilian football player.
Greater Khorasan

Greater Khorasan or Ancient Khorasan () (also written Khurasan) is a historical region of Greater Iran. It also included parts of Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikstan
George Africanus

For the Roman general, see Scipio Africanus
George John Scipio Africanus (1763--1834) was a West African slave who became a successful businessman in Nottingham, England.
Nirban

Nirban, also spelt Narban or Nirwan, is a large gotra of Yaduvanshi Ahirs of Haryana. There are villages of Nirban in Pataudi. They an also be found in the Badli and Haidurpur villages of Delhi.
Nirban is also a clan of Rajputs. According to historian Sir Henry Miers Elliot, the Nirban gotra is also found in Nandvanshi Ahirs.
Isabel Allende (politician)

Isabel Allende Bussi (, , ; born 18 January 1945) is a Chilean Socialist Party politician. She is the daughter of former president of Chile Salvador Allende.
From 1994 to 2010 she was a deputy and in March 2010 she became a Senator for the Atacama Region.
On 28 February 2014, Allende was selected as President of the Senate of Chile, as of 11 March 2014, making her the first woman president of the body in Chilean history.
Beaumont-du-Ventoux

Beaumont-du-Ventoux is a commune of 286 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Staffa

Staffa is an island in the Inner Hebrides off the north-west of Scotland. It is famous for Fingal's Cave and other examples of basalt columns. No-one lives there.
The islands became part of the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles, the Sudreyjar kingdom of the Norse. The Norsemen ruled for over 400 years until sovereignty was transferred to Scotland by the Treaty of Perth in 1266. The islands were then held by the Clans MacLeod and MacDonald, but Staffa was not regularly inhabited.
Geology
This small island is entirely of volcanic origin. It consists of a basement of tuff, underneath colonnades of a black fine-grained Tertiary basalt, overlying which is a third layer of basalt lava. Slow cooling of the second layer of basalt resulted in an extraordinary pattern of hexagonal columns which form the faces and walls of the principal caves. The lava contracted as it cooled and solidified into columns, a process known as columnar jointing.
The columns have three to eight sides, six being most common. The columns are also divided horizontally by cross joints. Similar formations are found at the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, on the island of Ulva and Ardmeanach on the Isle of Mull. The 'Staffa Group' is the name given to the series of olivine basalts found in and around Mull. The volcanic eruptions took place 55-58 million years ago.
Canola

Canola refers to both an edible oil (canola oil) and a type of rapeseed.
The plant is a cultivar of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa or Brassica juncea. They are well known for their seeds, from which the canola cooking oil is made. The oil is widely used for preparing food, It has very little saturated fat and a lot of polyunsaturated fats.
Besides cooking, there are also other ways to use canola oil. One of these is to produce biodiesel fuel for cars and trucks.
Brigham Young

Brigham Young (June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon church) and the first Governor of the American state of Utah. Young was born in Vermont. He became president of the Mormon church in 1847 after the death of Joseph Smith, Jr in 1844.
Brigham Young University is named after Young.
John Taylor replaced Young as leader of the church three years after Young died.
Western migration
Young started a journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, then to the Salt Lake Valley. Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now known as Pioneer Day in Utah, which is also one of its holidays. The Mormon pioneers' journey was one of the largest and one of the best organized migration to the West. On August 22, 29 days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young started the Mormon Tabernacle Choir.
In the church, Young was in some of the important positions, and after three years, he became the president of the church on December 27, 1847.
Young served 29 years in the LDS Church.
Temple building
Young helped in building temples in his time in the LDS Church and made temple building a main purpose. When Joseph Smith was the president, Young was helping to build the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. Only four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young found the location for the Salt Lake Temple; and then started the building process on April 6, 1853. During his time as the church president, Young look over the construction of the Salt Lake Tabernacle and then he announced plans to build the St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877) temples. He also helped fix the building the Endowment House, a "short-term temple" that began to be used in 1855 for church members to go to while they were building the Salt Lake Temple.
Glashütten, Bavaria

Glashutten is a municipality in the district of Bayreuth in Bavaria in Germany.
Thézan-des-Corbières

Thezan-des-Corbieres is a commune of 544 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Seskarö

Seskaro (Finnish: Seittenkaari) is a locality in Haparanda Municipality in Norrbotten County in Sweden. In 2010, 491 people lived there. It is located on the island with the same name in the Haparanda Archipelago. Since 1978, it has bridge connection to maninland Sweden.
David Bowie Narrates Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf

David Bowie Narrates Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf is the debut studio album by Philadelphia Orchestra. The album was released on May 2, 1978.
Craig Moore

Craig Moore (born 12 December 1975) is an Australian football player. He plays for Australia national team.
Teti, Sardinia

Teti (Teti) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 674 people lived there. Its area is 43.91 km2. It is 714 meters above sea level.
Ruyigi Province

Ruyigi Province is one of the 18 provinces in Burundi. The capital city is also named Ruyigi.
Palazzo Vigo

Palazzo Vigo (formerly known as Palazzo Natoli or Palace of the Princes Natoli) is a palace in Torre Archirafi, Italy. Torre Archirafi is a small village on the island of Sicily. It is part of the Comune of Riposto in the Province of Catania. The palace was built in the 18th century by Giovanni Natoli Ruffo. He was the Prince of Sperlinga. King Charles V of Sicily also made him the Duke of Archirafi in 1741. Giovanni Natoli Ruffo built a small chapel next to the palace in 1743. By 1900, the palace and its lands belonged to the Vigo di Gallodoro family. Today the palace belongs to the Comune of Riposto. It is used for art exhibitions, conferences, and lectures.
Ang Thong province

Ang Thong () is one of the central provinces of Thailand, with population of 281,187 people in the area of .
Aiwo Constituency

Aiwo is a constituency of Nauru. It was created in 1968. It elects two members to the Parliament of Nauru.
Isis (disambiguation)

Isis is the name of an Egyptian goddess. It may also refer to:
the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
the short form of the International Species Information System
Paul Krassner

Paul Krassner (April 9, 1932 - July 21, 2019) was an American writer and satirist. He was the founder, editor and a contributor to the freethought magazine The Realist. Krassner became an important figure in the counterculture of the 1960s as a member of Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters. He was a founding member of the Yippies.
Krassner died on July 21, 2019 in Desert Hot Springs, California at the age of 87.
Catherine O'Hara

Catherine Anne O'Hara, (born March 4, 1954) is a Canadian-American movie, television, stage, voice actress, writer and comedian. She is well known for her roles in SCTV, and her roles in movies such as in After Hours, Beetlejuice, Home Alone, and The Nightmare Before Christmas. She has won an Emmy Award.
O'Hara is also known for her role as Moira Rose in the award-winning series Schitt's Creek.
O'Hara was born on March 4, 1954 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. O'Hara studied at Burnhamthorpe Collegiate Institute. She has been married to Jo Welch since 1992. They have two children and currently reside in Los Angeles, California.
Potassium nitrate

Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound. It has the chemical formula KNO3. It contains potassium and nitrate ions. It is often called saltpeter.
Properties
Potassium nitrate is a colorless solid. It dissolves in water. It is a common source of the nitrate ion. Potassium nitrate is a strong oxidizer. It decomposes to potassium nitrite and oxygen when heated. Its pH is almost neutral. It burns with a lilac flame.
Production
It can be made by reacting ammonium nitrate with potassium hydroxide. It can also be made by reacting potassium chloride with ammonium nitrate. It might be made by reacting potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate with nitric acid.
Occurrence
Saltpeter is a mineral form of potassium nitrate. It is only found in very dry areas. It is one of the few minerals that have nitrogen in them.
Uses
Potassium nitrate is used in explosives. Oxygen from the air is the most common chemical that is used for oxidation, which is how most fires and explosions happen. Some explosions will use up oxygen so quickly, though, that there is not enough to finish the reaction, and the explosion is not very strong. Potassium nitrate replaces the need for oxygen and takes up much less space, which lets the explosion be stronger and faster. It is a main ingredient of gunpowder.
Potassium nitrate is also used in rocket fuel for the same reason as in explosives, except that the goal is to let the fuel burn longer, not faster. Potassium nitrate is used as a fertilizer, to help plants grow faster and grow in more places where it might be hard for them to grow otherwise. It can also be used to decay tree stumps.
Safety
Potassium nitrate is a poison and will cause permanent injury when improperly handled. It also can start fires and explosions easily.
Dirty Work (Steely Dan song)

"Dirty Work" is a 1972 song by Steely Dan. It is the second track from their debut studio album Can't Buy a Thrill. It was included on their greatest hits albums Citizen Steely Dan (1993), Showbiz Kids: The Steely Dan Story, 1972-1980 (2000) and Steely Dan: The Definitive Collection (2006)
Michel Stolker

Michel Stolker (29 September 1933 - 28 May 2018) was a Dutch former professional racing cyclist. He rode in three editions of the Tour de France. He was born in Utrecht, Netherlands.
Stolker died on 28 May 2018 in Etten Leur at the age of 84.
Cecil Woodham-Smith

Cecil Blanche Woodham-Smith (nee Fitzgerald; 29 April 1896 - 16 March 1977) was a British historian. She wrote The Great Hunger about the history of the Potato Famine in Ireland. She was critical of the British government's handling of the famine in the book. She was particularly critical of Charles Edward Trevelyan, the man who ran the British government's relief effort in Ireland, and accused him of having anti-Irish racial sentiments.
Peter Toogood

Peter Alfred Toogood, (11 April 1930 - 5 June 2019) was an Australian amateur golfer. He won the Australian Amateur in 1954 and the Tasmanian Open eight times. He was the leading amateur in the 1954 Open Championship and was part of the team that won the inaugural Eisenhower Trophy in 1958. He was born in North Adelaide, South Australia.
Toogood died on 5 June 2019 in Tasmania at the age of 89.
Idea

When a person thinks of something, that which they think about is called an "idea". Ideas are concepts which exist in the mind. Nobody really knows how this works. Ideas are a mental product.
One idea can change the whole world. If someone has a better idea, they can try to convince others.
Rebecca Forstadt

Rebecca Forstadt, also credited as Reba West, is an American voice actress best known for voicing young sounding characters in various animated series, she is also probably best known for voicing Little Miss Giggles on The Mr. Men Show and is also best known for voicing Lynn Minmei in the English-language dub of Robotech.
Rinata Sultanova

Rinata Sultanova (born 17 March 1998) is a Kazakh road and track cyclist.
She competed at the 2020 UCI Track Cycling Championship, and 2021 UCI Track Cycling Championship. She was national champion at the 2021 Kazakhistan National Time Trial Championships. She won the silver medal at the 2020 Asian Track Cycling Championship.
Christchurch earthquake (disambiguation)

Christchurch earthquake may refer to a number of earthquakes that affected Christchurch, New Zealand.
Ibrahim Babangida

General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (born 17 August 1941) popularly known as IBB, is a Nigerian politician and military general. He was military President of Nigeria from 1985 until his resignation in 1993. He also was the Chief of Army Staff from January 1984 to August 1985.
919

Events
Henry I the Fowler (Heinrich der Vogler) (876 - 936) becomes King of the Germans.
Bethlehem Baptist Church

Bethlehem Baptist Church can mean:
Note: Some of these are on the National Register of Historic Places
Bethlehem Baptist Church (Phoenix, Arizona)
Bethlehem Baptist Church (Minneapolis), Minnesota
Bethlehem Baptist Church (Barnwell, South Carolina)
Montpezat-sous-Bauzon

Montpezat-sous-Bauzon is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Norrbotten County

Norrbotten County () is a county in northern Sweden, with the seat located in Lulea. It was established in 1810.
Nodosaurus

Nodosaurus (meaning "knobbed lizard") was a large, armored, quadrupedal (it walked on four legs), tank-like dinosaur. It lived in the first part of the Upper Cretaceous about 113-98 million years ago. Three very incomplete Nodosaurus fossils have been found in Wyoming and Kansas; no skulls have been found yet. It was named by paleontologist Othniel C. Marsh in 1889.
Nodosaurus was about 13 to 20 ft (4-6 m) long. It was an ornithischian (bird-hipped) dinosaur with bony dermal plates covering the top of its body. It had four short legs, five-toed feet, a short neck, and a long, clubless tail. The nodosaurids had no tail club; it is not known how they defended themselves.
Indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest

The Indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest are American Indian tribes with similar cultures in the southwest United States and part os northern Mexico. This region includes the present-day states of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada. Other names for this region are "American Southwest", "Northern Mexico", "Chichimeca", and "Oasisamerica/Aridoamerica". These areas are usually dry with little rain. However, the grounds are rich and allow for agriculture. The landscape includes plains, valleys, mountains, desert lands, canyons and grasslands. Important people groups include the Southern Athabaskan language group. This includes the Navajo and Apache. The Puebloans are another important group.
Pawling (town), New York

Pawling is a town of Dutchess County in the state of New York in the United States. 7,521 people were living in Pawling as of 2000.
Mittelhausbergen

Mittelhausbergen is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Bukit Panjang LRT line

The Bukit Panjang LRT Line is a LRT Line in Singapore.
The line takes about 28 minutes for the full loop. This route starts at the Choa Chu Kang and travels around the Bukit Panjang area.
This line uses C801 and C801A trains.
History
The Bukit Panjang LRT was first opened on 6 November 1999. Ten Mile Junction Station was closed from 10 December 2010 to 30 December 2011.
Services
There are three services on the line: A and B terminate at Choa Chu Kang, and C ends at Ten Mile Junction.
Stations
All stations, except Choa Chu Kang and Ten Mile Junction, have two facing side platforms. Choa Chu Kang has an island platform, similar to most Singapore MRT stations, while Ten Mile Junction has only a single platform and is the only station with platform screen doors (supplied by Horton Automatics). Bukit Panjang and Choa Chu Kang have half-height platform barriers. Choa Chu Kang station will have two additional platforms and a new set of fare gates to ease crowding during peak hours. Between 2016 and 2017, Half-Height Platform Barriers were installed at the remaining 11 LRT stations.
As of January 2019, the Half-Height Platform Barriers were installed at all stations except for Ten Mile Junction.
EASIAM

EASIAM (East Asia Section of SIAM) is the eastern Asian branch of the US-based Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. EASIAM is aiming to advance studies of applied mathematics (such as optimization and numerical analysis) in eastern Asia.
Activities
EASIAM is regularly publishing the East Asian Journal on Applied Mathematics from Global Science Press (based in Hong Kong), giving student paper prizes, and hold the EASIAM conference every year.
Owl (sculpture)

Owl is a sculpture eight metres tall, designed by Bruce Armstrong. Its full name is The Big Powerful Owl. It is in Canberra, Australia.
Owl was built in 2011, and is one of the 150 megasculptures of Australia.
Criticism
The shape of the owl has spared some criticism but remained a great tourist attraction from all over Australia.
The statue has also been prone to graffiti and the ACT government had to spend $3000 on removing the graffiti.
Kennebec County, Maine

Kennebec County is a county in the state of Maine, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 123,642. The county seat is Augusta, the state capital. The county was created on February 20, 1799.
Neusorg

Neusorg is a municipality in Tirschenreuth in Bavaria, Germany. The town itself is the seat of Neusorg municipal federation.
Geography
Neusorg has nine districts: Neusorg, Riglasreuth, Schwarzenreuth, Stockau, Stocken, Wasch, Weihermuhle, and Wernersreuth.
Landquart

Landquart can mean:
Landquart (river), a river in Graubunden, Switzerland
Landquart (district), a district in Graubunden, Switzerland
Landquart, Switzerland, a municipality in Graubunden, Switzerland
The Protector

The Protector is a 1985 Hong Kong American action movie directed by James Glickenhaus (who also stars) and starring Jackie Chan, Danny Aiello, Moon Lee, Roy Chiao, Becky Ann Baker, Sally Yeh. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and was a box office disaster.
Colrain, Massachusetts

Colrain is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Erdweg

Erdweg is a municipality in Dachau, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
Babcock, Wisconsin

Babcock is an unincorporated community in Wood County of the state of Wisconsin in the United States. The ZIP code of Babcock is 54413.
Salar Afrasiabi

Salar Afrasiabi () is an Iranian Football Midfielder who currently plays for Iranian football club Siah Jamegan in the Iran Pro League.
Club career
Afrasiabi started his career with Siah Jamegan from Division 2. He made his professional debut for Siah Jamegan on July 30, 2015 against Esteghlal as a starter.
Royal Academy

The Royal Academy (RA), is an art institution based in Burlington House, Piccadilly, London. It is a club for top painters and sculptors. They elect their own members, and give regular exhibitions of art works.
The Royal Academy was formed to rival the Society of Artists after an leadership dispute between two leading architects, Sir William Chambers and James Paine. Paine won, but Chambers used his strong connections with King George III to create the Royal Academy, in 1768. It was formally launched the following year.
Membership of the Royal Academy is up to 80 practising artists, each elected by ballot of the General Assembly of the Royal Academy. They are known as Royal Academicians (RA, or more traditionally as R.A.). The Royal Academy is governed by these Royal Academicians.
Sir Joshua Reynolds was its first president, and Benjamin West its second.
Levenshulme

Levenshulme is an urban area of Manchester in North West England on the borders of Longsight, Gorton, Burnage and Stockport. According to the 2001 UK census it had a population of 12,691.
Ziertheim

Ziertheim () is a municipality in the district of Dillingen in Bavaria in Germany.
Choi Bo-min

Choi Bo-min may refer to:
Choi Bo-min (archer) (born 1984), South Korean compound archer
Choi Bo-min (singer) (born 2000), South Korean singer, actor and host
G. Venkatasubbiah

Ganjam Venkatasubbiah (23 August 1913 - 19 April 2021), also known as G. V., was an Indian writer, grammarian, editor, lexicographer and critic. He was born in Mysore, Mysore Kingdom.
He wrote eight dictionaries, four seminal works on dictionary science in Kannada. He also edited over sixty books and published several papers. His work Igo Kannada, is a socio-linguistic dictionary and is used as a reference by linguists and sociologists. He was honored with the Kannada Sahitya Akademi Award and the Pampa Award.
Venkatasubbiah was best known for his work on Kannada dictionary science titled Kannada Nighantu Shastra Parichaya which came out exactly one hundred years after the first Kannada dictionary was authored by the German priest and Indologist Reverend Ferdinand Kittel in 1894.
Venkatasubbaiah died on 19 April 2021 in Bangalore from kidney disease, aged 107.
Acton

Acton may refer to:
Acton (surname)
Acton, New Brunswick
Acton, New Zealand
Acton, Ontario
United Kingdom
Acton, Cheshire
Acton, Dorset
Acton, County Armagh
Acton, Staffordshire
Acton, Shropshire
Acton, Worcestershire
Acton, Suffolk
Acton, London
Acton, Northumberland
Acton, Wrexham
United States
Acton, California
Acton, Indiana
Acton, Kentucky
Acton, Massachusetts
Acton, Maine
Acton Township, Minnesota
Acton, Montana
Acton Township, North Dakota
Acton, Tennessee
Acton, Texas
Allen Glazier

Allen Glazier is an American writer. He has written four episodes of The Simpsons King of the Hill, all with Dan Greaney.
Oriole

The oriole ( or Old World oriole) is a bird in the family Oriolidae. They make up the genus Oriolus. Old World orioles are found areas of Africa, Asia and Europe. They are most often found in tropical areas but one species lives in cooler areas. The golden oriole is the only species of Old World oriole which is not a tropical bird.
Many species have bright coloured feathers.
The orioles evolved in Australasia, and later spread to Eurasia. They are not related to the New World oriole. New World orioles are members of the blackbird family Icteridae and are native to the Americas .
Castellón de la Plana

Castellon de la Plana (), Castello de la Plana (official) (), or simply Castellon, is the capital city of the province of Castellon, in the Valencian Community (Spain). It is located in the east of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Costa del Azahar by the Mediterranean Sea. The mountain range known as Desert de les Palmes rises inland north of the town.
Crystal City, Texas

Crystal City is a city in the state of Texas in the United States. It is the county seat of Zavala County. About 7,446 people lived there in 2013. The "San Antonio, Uvalde and Gulf Railroad" stopped in Crystal City.
Crystal City was home to a large internment camp in World War II. It was the largest internment camp for Germans and those of German descent in the US. Almost all the children and many of the wives interned here were American citizens. Most were held here for four years.
Arrondissement of Istres

The arrondissement of Istres is an arrondissement of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhone department, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Istres.
History
The arrondissement of Istres was created in 1981.
Geography
The arrondissement of Istres is in the south of the Bouches-du-Rhone department. It is bordered to the north and east by the Aix-en-Provence arrondissement, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea and to the west by the Arles arrondissement.
The arrondissement of Istres is the smallest arrondissement of the department in area, ; it has a population of 312,489 inhabitants.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
Death and funeral of Lech Kaczyński and Maria Kaczyńska

Lech Kaczynski, the fourth President of the Republic of Poland, died on 10 April 2010. He died in a plane crash outside of Smolensk, Russia. The plane was a Tu-154 belonging to the Polish Air Force. The crash killed all 96 on board. His wife, Maria Kaczynska, was also among those killed.
The speaker of parliament, Bronislaw Komorowski, soon became Acting President by law.
After the death of Kaczynski was announced, Komorowski declared a week of mourning. It went from 11 to 18 April. A state funeral for Lech and Maria was held on the last day. Several countries observed a day of national mourning on the day of the funeral. Afterwards, the couple were buried together in a crypt in the Wawel Cathedral in Krakow.
President of the United States Barack Obama cancelled his plans. He made a public statement. He spoke of his sadness and blamed the volcanic ash that was disrupting air travel over Europe at the time.
Mr. Mouse Takes a Trip

Mr. Mouse Takes a Trip is a 1940 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The film was directed by Clyde Geronimi and features original music by Leigh Harline and Oliver Wallace. The film was animated by Clyde Geronimi, Ken Muse, Ed Love, Marvin Woodward, and Ray Abrams. The voice cast includes Walt Disney as Mickey, Lee Millar as Pluto, and Billy Bletcher as Pete. It was the 109th short in the Mickey Mouse film series to be released, and the third for that year.
The fame of the short has since grown some historical significance, as Walt Disney himself was filmed recording his lines as Mickey Mouse for it, making it one of the only times he was shown doing his voice on camera. Alongside him as voice dubbing is actor Billy Bletcher as the voice of Pete.
The cartoon follows Mickey Mouse and his dog Pluto traveling by train, except they have a rule forbidding dogs from entering the train; Pete plays a menacing conductor intent on enforcing this rule.
Releases
1940 - Original theatrical release
c. 1980s - "A Disney Vacation" (TV)
1986 - "Adventures with Mickey" (TV)
1998 - The Ink and Paint Club, episode # 1.43: "On Vacation" (TV)
2009 - Have a Laugh! (TV)
Home media
The short was released on May 18, 2004 on Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Living Color, Volume Two: 1939-Today.
Lygia Fagundes Telles

Lygia Fagundes da Silva Telles ( de Azevedo Fagundes; ; April 19, 1918 -- April 3, 2022) was a Brazilian novelist and writer. She won the Camoes Prize. She was elected as the third woman in the Brazilian Academy of Letters in 1985. She was also nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016.
Telles died on April 3, 2022 in Sao Paulo, Brazil two weeks before her 99th birthday.
Balas y Chocolate

Balas y Chocolate () is the eighth studio album by Mexican latin singer Lila Downs. Released on March 24, 2015. It was going to be much darker than her earlier material, though it became an upbeat electronic-folk inspired album. The album features collaborations from Juan Gabriel and Juanes. It reached the top of the charts in Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Spain and the United States. It also reached the top ten in other major markets.
Lairière

Lairiere is a commune of 52 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Puttin' On the Ritz

"Puttin' On the Ritz" is a popular ballad. It was written by Irving Berlin. He wrote this song in May 1927. It was first published in December 1929. The song lyrics tell people that if they are feeling blue they should go "where fashion sits" and "put on the Ritz." "The Ritz" most likely refers to the Ritz Tower at 465 Park Avenue, New York City. This is a luxury residential building originally built as an apartment hotel just before this song was written.
The original 78rpm was recorded by Leo Reisman & his Orchestra (Lew Conrad vocals) in New York City on January 20, 1930 and released on Victor records catalog number 22306. Several other artists sang and recorded the song later in 1930, including Fred Astaire who recorded it on March 26, 1930.
In the early 1980s, Taco released a synthpop euro disco-style version of "Puttin' On the Ritz" in 1981 by RCA Records and Peer Studios. His performance consisted of song and tap. It hit #4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.
Banana squash

Banana squash is an edible squash, or gourd, in the Cucurbita family. developed from the butternut squash, a type of winter squash. Its name was given for its elongated shape and yellow colour.
Like the butternut squash, it has a potato-like texture and seeds in the middle. It is classified as a fruit because it has seeds. Its mild flesh can be either sweet or savoury.
Mike McGlone

Michael "Mike" McGlone (born 10 August 1972) is an American actor, singer, songwriter, and comedian. He is best known as the GEICO insurance spokesperson.
Jaime Carbonell

Jaime Guillermo Carbonell (July 29, 1953 - February 28, 2020) was an American computer scientist. His works focused on natural language processing tools and technologies.
He earned his B.S. degrees in Physics and in Mathematics from MIT in 1975 and did his Ph.D. under Dr. Roger Schank at Yale University in 1979.
He joined Carnegie Mellon University as an assistant professor of computer science in 1979 and lived in Pittsburgh from then. He was affiliated with the Language Technologies Institute, Computer Science Department, Machine Learning Department, and Computational Biology Department at Carnegie Mellon.
Relativism

Relativism is the idea that points of view have no absolute truth or validity. They only have relative, subjective value according to viewpoint and circumstances.
Common statements that might be considered relativistic include:
"That's true for you but not for me."
"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."
"You can't judge other cultures by the standards of your own."
There are many forms of relativism.
The term often refers to truth relativism, which is the doctrine that there are no absolute truths, i.e., that truth is always relative to some particular frame of reference, such as a language or a culture (cultural relativism).
As moral relativism, moral principles apply only in a limited context. In context, principles and ethics do hold; out of context they do not.
There are similar ideas in nihilism, scepticism and amoralism.
Various applications
People who agreed with the idea of relativism include Paul Feyerabend, Isaiah Berlin and Richard Rorty.
The Roman Catholic Church, especially under John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI, has identified relativism as one of the most significant problems for faith and morals today.
The Church and some philosophers define relativism as the denial of absolute truth. They say that without absolute truth, there can be no moral values. If there are no moral values, there might not be sin, and God may not exist. In their view, relativism constitutes a denial of the capacity of the human mind and reason to arrive at truth. Truth, according to Catholic theologians and philosophers (following Aristotle and Plato) consists of adequatio rei et intellectus, the correspondence of the mind and reality. Another way of putting it states that the mind has the same form as reality. This means when the form of the computer in front of someone (the type, color, shape, capacity, etc.) is also the form that is in their mind, then what they know is true because their mind corresponds to objective reality.
The denial of an absolute reference, of an axis mundi, denies God, who equates to Absolute Truth, according to these Christian philosophers. They link relativism to secularism, an obstruction of religion in human life.
Pope Leo XIII (1810-1903) was the first known Pope to use the word relativism in the encyclical Humanum Genus (1884). Leo XIII condemned Freemasonry and claimed that its philosophical and political system was largely based on relativism.
Puppy Linux

Puppy Linux is an operating system for computers. It is based on GNU/Linux and it is completely free and is open source software. Puppy Linux is sometimes called a mini distribution because of its size (approximately 100MB) when compared to other GNU/Linux operating systems such as Ubuntu.
East Coast Bays (New Zealand electorate)

East Coast Bays is an electorate of the New Zealand House of Representatives. It is in Auckland.
Spouse of the prime minister of the United Kingdom

The spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the wife or husband of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
History
There have been forty-four women and three men who have been married to British prime ministers in office. There have also been four bachelor and nine widower prime ministers; the last bachelor was Edward Heath (1970-1974) and the last widower was Ramsay MacDonald (1924, 1929-1935).
The Duke of Grafton (1766-1768) is the only Prime Minister to have divorced and remarried while in office, while Boris Johnson was the only one to have a de jure spouse in Marina Wheeler, due to their separation in 2018. Johnson eventually married Carrie Johnson in 2021. They were the first unmarried couple to live in Downing Street before their marriage.
Role
The role of the British prime minister's spouse is not an official office and are not given a salary or official duties. Over time the position has evolved. Cherie Blair, have gained public attention through their own independent careers and achievements, as well as attending engagements such as the African First Ladies Summit.
Treaty of Nanking

The British forced China to sign the Treaty of Nanking after China l the First Opium War in 1842. The treaty stated that China had to give Britain Hong Kong, 2 billion dollars cash, and open 5 port cities. This led China to give up sovereignty to Europe.
Rudy Giuliani

Rudolph William Louis "Rudy" Giuliani (born May 28, 1944) is a politician from New York in the United States. He is a Republican and campaigned to become President of the United States in 2008. Giuliani was mayor of New York City from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2001. Giuliani became more well known during and after the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. In 2001, Time magazine named him "Person of the Year" and he received an honorary knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in 2002, and acclaimed as one of the greatest mayors in American history.
Rudy was campaigning in 1993 with the show Seinfeld where he appeared as the NYC Mayor candidate as the "over count" cholesterol man by eating too much yogurt. This "product placement" of Mayor Giuliani is often referred to as an excellent example of electioneering and boosted his popularity accordingly.
On January 12, 2017, President-elect Donald Trump named Giuliani his Cyber Security Adviser. Giuliani was also an important person in the Trump-Ukraine scandal, where he was accused of being one of the people who asked the Ukrainian government to investigate Joe Biden.
Carlsberg

Carlsberg is a brewery in Denmark. Its headquarters are in Valby. The first beer was manufactured on November 10, 1847. In 1968, Carlsberg opened its first brewery in Malawi, Blantyre.
Theresa Klein

Theresa Klein is a German water polo player. She was part of the German women's national water polo team at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships, 2006 European Water Polo Championship, and 2007 World Aquatics Championships, 2008 Women's European Water Polo Championship, and 2009 FINA Water Polo Women's Championship.
Saint-Maurice-en-Chalencon

Saint-Maurice-en-Chalencon is a commune of the Ardeche departement in the southern part of France.
It was the birthplace of Eugene Delacroix (1798--1863), one of the most important of the French Romantic painters.
Fonches-Fonchette

Fonches-Fonchette is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.