kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Melbourne Cup

The Melbourne Cup is Australia's major horse race. It happens once a year. People say it is The race that stops a nation, it is for horses three-years-old and over, and it is 3200 metres long. The event has been held on the first Tuesday in November since 1861 (except on one year during the Second World War) by the Victoria Racing Club, on the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne. Many people say it is the most important "two-mile" horse race in the world.
The race was first held over two miles, about 3,218 metres, but after Australia changed to the metric system in 1972 it was changed to 3,200 metres. This made it 61 ft 6in shorter, and Rain Lover's 1968 race record of 3min.19.1sec was changed to 3min.17.9sec. Now, the record holder is the 1990 winner Kingston Rule with a time of 3min 16.3sec.
The race starts at 3.00pm Melbourne (AEST) time.
Attendance
The event is one of the most popular events to watch in Australia. Over 110,000 people attend the race. Some people dress in traditional formal raceday clothing. Other people dress in different kinds of strange and amusing costumes,
In 2005 a total of 383,784 race fans went to the Melbourne Cup Carnival annual event
History
Seventeen horses raced in the first Melbourne Cup in 1861. The prize was a gold watch and 170 pounds cash. Some people say Archer (the winner) walked 800 km to the course from Nowra, New South Wales. However, it is possible he travelled by ship. Four thousand people watched the race.
Archer won again the next year. However, because the owner's application form arrived late the next year, Archer was unable to try for a third cup. Many owners boycotted (did not race in protest) the race, so it started with only seven horses. That is the smallest number in the history of the cup.
The winner of the Melbourne Cup last year was Rekindling, from Great Britain.
Off the track
'Fashions On The Field' is a major focus of the day. Raceday fashion sometimes draws almost as much attention as the race itself. The miniskirt received worldwide attention when model Jean Shrimpton wore one on Derby Day during Melbourne Cup week in 1965.
In Melbourne, the race day is a public holiday. In the rest of Australia most people watch the race on television and gamble. Some people bet at the TAB (the Australian betting office). Other people bet in workplace cup "sweeps". (In "sweeps" each person pays a small amount [e.g. $3] and draws a random horse. First, second, and third place then share the money.) In 2000 it was estimated that 80 percent of the adult Australian population placed a bet on the race that year.
Betting on the Melbourne Cup has become more and more popular over the years, with one time a year punters having a crack at picking the winning horse.
Electoral district of Torrens

Torrens is an electoral district of South Australia. It was created in 1902, abolished in 1915, recreated in 1935, reabolished in 1985 and recreated again in 1993.
Torrens is in Adelaide.
Dieter Thomas Heck

Dieter Thomas Heck (born Carl-Dieter Heckscher; 29 December 1937 - 23 August 2018) was a German television presenter, singer and actor. He was known as the presenter of the TV program ZDF-Hitparade. As an actor, he starred in the TV play Das Millionenspiel in 1970. He was born in Flensburg, Germany.
Heck died from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on 23 August 2018 in Berlin at the age of 80.
Priyanka Chopra

Priyanka Chopra Jonas (born on 18 July 1982 in Jamshedpur, Bihar, India) is an Indian actress, model, singer and dancer. She is the winner of the Miss World pageant of 2000. Chopra is a UNICEF goodwill ambassador.
She has won many awards, and has become one of Bollywood's highest paid actresses. She stars in the US television series Quantico which premiered on September 27, 2015.
Chopra's parents were both in the Indian Army, so her family moved often. While she was a teenager, she lived in the United States for some years. Since she won the Miss World title in 2000, she has been in many films, television shows, and she has released 3 singles.
In 2018, she married an American singer-songwriter and actor Nick Jonas. In January 2022, the couple had their first child, via surrogacy.
Cheng Siwei

Cheng Siwei (June 1935 - 12 July 2015) was a Chinese politician and economist. He was the Chairman of China Soft Science Research Association; President of the Chinese Society for Management Modernization; Director of the Research Center on Fictitious Economy and Data Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dean of the School of Management of the Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; and Honorary President of East China University of Science and Technology.
Siwei died on the morning of 12 July 2015 at the age of 80.
Han Solo

Han Solo is a fictional character in Star Wars played by Harrison Ford. He appears for the first time in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope as a pirate and smuggler with his Wookiee friend, Chewbacca. He was voted as the second greatest Star Wars character, behind Darth Vader.
At first, Solo and his companion Chewbacca are hired by Jedi Luke Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi to get Skywalker and Kenobi aboard the Death Star to save Princess Leia. While Solo seems to be interested only in being paid at first, he comes back to save Luke. Solo later falls in love with Leia.
In Star Wars: The Force Awakens, it is revealed that Solo and Leia have a son called Ben Solo (known as Kylo Ren) who falls to the First Order. Solo is killed by Ren towards the end of the movie after being stabbed by a lightsaber through the chest and falling to a deep shift.
A spin-off movie about Solo was released in 2018.
List of EastEnders characters (2017)

The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera EastEnders in 2017, by order of first appearance. All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.
École pour l'informatique et les techniques avancées

Ecole pour l'informatique et les techniques avancees, commonly named EPITA, is a French private, non-profit university. It is in Le Kremlin-Bicetre (close to Paris), Rennes, Lyon, Strasbourg, Toulouse and La Defense, France. The school was created in 1984.
EPITA is specialized in the different fields of IT. The school is part of IONIS Education Group and Conference des Grandes Ecoles. Since 1997, the head is Joel Courtois.
Notable Alumni
Nicolas Sadirac (1992), founder and former head of the Ecole pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies
Bibliography
De memoire vive, Une histoire de l'aventure numerique, Philippe Dewost, Cedric Villani, Editions Premiere Partie, 2022, 386p. .
Dance Monkey

"Dance Monkey" is a 2019 song by the Australian singer Tones And I. It is on her album "The Kids Are Coming". The song was released 10 May 2019. It was the second single frim the album and her first single in the United States.
2019 songs
Universiade

The Universiade is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU).
Erhard Busek

Erhard Busek (25 March 1941 - 13 March 2022) was an Austrian politician. He was an important member of the People's Party. Busek was chief of the party and Vice-Chancellor of Austria in the coalition of the Social Democratic Party of Austria with the People's Party between 1991 to 1995.
Eduard Heger

Eduard Heger (; born 3 May 1976) is a Slovak politician. He has been the Prime Minister of Slovakia from 1 April 2021 to 15 May 2023. Before, he was the deputy prime minister and minister of Finance in the cabinet of Igor Matovic. Heger is a member of Democrats since 2023, before he was the member of Ordinary People and Independent Personalities (OLaNO).
Dassault Super Mirage 4000

The Dassault Super Mirage 4000 is a prototype of a fighter aircraft. It was built in France by Dassault Aviation to compete McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle and Panavia Tornado. Its first flight was in 1979, but it was refused by the French Air Force. Since 1995 it is at the Musee de l'Air et de l'Espace, near Paris.
David Boreanaz

David Paul Boreanaz (born May 16, 1969) is an American actor. He is best known for his role on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel. On both of these shows, he played the character Angel. From fall of 2005 to spring of 2017, he has played FBI agent Seeley Booth on Bones.
Biography
Early life
David Boreanaz was born on May 16, 1969 in Buffalo, New York. He grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father is a television weatherman and his mother is a travel agent. He is of Italian descent. The surname Boreanaz is of Northern Italian origin. He was raised Catholic.
Boreanaz went to high school in Malvern, Pennsylvania. He went to college at Ithaca College in Ithaca, New York. After graduating, Boreanaz moved to Hollywood, California to become an actor.
Career
Boreanaz' first television acting job was a single episode on the hit American sitcom, Married... with Children. He played Kelly Bundy's biker boyfriend. He was cast in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, after being seen by a producer when Boreanaz was walking his dog. In the series, he played Angel, a vampire with a soul. The series became very successful and Boreanaz starred in a spin-off series, Angel. This new series gave the character a chance to evolve. It was mainly about on Angel's battle for redemption. He appeared on Buffy from 1997 to 1999, at which point he began starring in Angel, which ran until 2004. Totalling all of his appearances on Buffy & Angel, including guest appearances, Boreanaz has been in more episodes of the 2 series than any other actor.
Boreanaz's only starring role in a major theatrical movie was in 2001's slasher horror movie, Valentine. This movie also starred Denise Richards and Katherine Heigl. In 2003, he appeared in the music video for singer Dido's "White Flag". He was also the voice of Leon (aka Squall Leonhart) in the video game Kingdom Hearts.
In 2005, Boreanaz began starring along with Emily Deschanel on the prime time television series, Bones. He most recently appeared in These Girls, a Canadian movie in which he played a biker. The movie was first shown at the Toronto Film Festival and the Vancouver International Film Festival. It was later shown in a small number of theaters in Canada in March 2006. His future roles include parts in the independent films Mr. Fix it and Suffering Man's Charity. It is also rumored that Boreanaz will star in the upcoming movie Jurassic Park 4 which will be released some time in 2008. In that same year, he also voiced Hal Jordan in the direct to video DC Comics animated movie Justice League: The New Frontier.
Personal life
Boreanaz lives in Los Angeles, California. He was married to Ingrid Quinn from June 7, 1997 to October 1999. He married actress and model Jaime Bergman on November 24, 2001. The couple has a son, Jaden Rayne Boreanaz, who was born on May 1, 2002. He and his wife are also good friends with Raven Symone. David attended her 21st birthday in December 2006.
Val Müstair

Val Mustair is a municipality of the district of Inn in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
It was formed on 1 January 2009 through the merger of Tschierv, Fuldera, Lu, Valchava, Santa Maria Val Mustair and Mustair.
Giancarlo Giorgetti

Giancarlo Giorgetti (born 16 December 1966) is an Italian politician and member of the League. In 2022, he became the Minister of Economy and Finance in the Giorgia Meloni government.
Giorgetti was the Minister of Economic Development in the government of Mario Draghi from 2021 to 2022. He was Secretary of the Council of Ministers from June 2018 until September 2019, in the government of Giuseppe Conte.
The Real End of the Great War

The Real End of the Great War () is a 1957 Polish drama movie directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz and starring Lucyna Winnicka, Hanna Stankowna, Roland Glowacki.
Yellow spot

The yellow spot or macula is an oval yellow spot near the centre of the retina of the human eye. It has a size of 1.5 millimeters.
It is specialized for seeing things with highest clearness or visual acuity.
It is the area of best vision where maximum amount of cone cells are present.It is also known as fovea centralis and Macula Lutea.
Most of the sensory cells are present at this spot. It is another name for the macula. It is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avascular zone, fovea, parafovea and perifovea areas. It has a diameter of 5.5mm in humans. They contain the pigment Iodopsin and respond to bright light and colour, because of which we can see stuff clearly around us. It lies at the back of the eye almost center of the horizontal axis of the eyeball.
It is responsible for the central, high-resolution, colour vision that is possible in good light; and this kind of vision is impaired if it is damaged. It is about 6mm in diameter. The yellow spot is the most sensitive spot on the retina, the sharpest image of the object forms only here.
Bingen, Washington

Bingen is a city in Klickitat County, Washington, United States. About 670 people were living in Bingen as of the year 2000. Bingen has an area of 0.7 square miles and is on the edge of the Columbia River.
Willencourt

Willencourt is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Ering

Ering is a municipality in Rottal-Inn in Bavaria in Germany.
Adil Hanif

Adil Hanif was born 25 February, 1978 in Lahore, Pakistan. He played four Twenty20 Internationals for Bahrain in January 2019.
Zeta1 Scorpii

Zeta1 Scorpii is a blue hypergiant star in the constellation Scorpius. It has a diameter over a hundred times that of the Sun and is nearly a million times brighter.
Woodstock, Virginia

Woodstock, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Rum

Rum is an alcoholic spirit. It is made from molasses and other sugarcane by-products through fermentation and distillation. Rum is mostly made in or around the Caribbean. Rum is also made in other parts of the world, like Fiji or Australia.
Antony and Cleopatra (1908 movie)

Antony and Cleopatra is a 1908 American silent drama movie based on the play by Shakespeare. It was directed by J. Stuart Blackton and Charles Kent and stars Maurice Costello, Florence Lawrence, and William V. Ranous.
Villespy

Villespy is a commune of 373 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Regina Moraes

Regina Fonseca de Moraes (10 March 1938 - 12 September 2009) was a housewife, shepherd and evangelist.
Strafford, New Hampshire

Strafford is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, 3,991 people lived there.
Atlantic Hockey

This is a list of colleges and universities who play hockey in Atlantic Hockey:
United States Air Force Academy ("Air Force")
American International College
United States Military Academy ("Army")
Bentley University
Canisius College
University of Connecticut (sometimes called "UConn")
College of the Holy Cross
Mercyhurst College
Niagara University
Robert Morris University
Rochester Institute of Technology (often "RIT")
Sacred Heart University
UConn will leave the conference in July 2014 to join Hockey East. Its women's hockey team is already a member of that conference.
Rob Halford

Robert John Arthur "Rob" Halford (born 25 August 1951) is an English singer-songwriter. He was born in Sutton Coldfield and raised in Walsall. He is best known as the lead vocalist for the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Judas Priest. He is nicknamed "Metal God". He is also credited as being the first openly gay mainstream heavy metal star when he came out as gay in 1998.
Rob almost exclusively now works with producer Mike Exeter when creating new music having met him whilst working on the Redeemer of Souls album with Judas Priest.
Diapause

Diapause is a delay in development which has evolved in response to regular periods of adverse environmental conditions.
It is a physiological state with very specific conditions. Diapause is a mechanism used as a means to survive predictable, unfavourable environmental conditions, such as temperature extremes, drought or reduced food availability. It is most often observed in arthropods, especially insects, and in the embryos of many of the oviparous species of fish in the order Cyprinodontiformes.
Not only is diapause started by specific stimuli or conditions, but once it is started, only certain other stimuli are capable of bringing the organism out of diapause. This distinguishes diapause from other forms of dormancy such as hibernation.
Activity levels of diapausing stages can vary considerably among species. Diapause may occur in a completely immobile stage, such as the pupae and eggs, or it may occur in very active stages that undergo extensive migrations, such as the adult Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus. In cases where the insect remains active, feeding is reduced and reproductive development is slowed or halted.
Nibelungenlied

The Nibelungenlied, translated as The Song of the Nibelungs, is an epic poem in Middle High German. It tells the story of dragon-slayer Siegfried at the court of the Burgundians, and of the revenge of his wife Kriemhild, which leads to the death of all the heroes of the Bugundians and of Kriemhild as well.
The saga of Siegfried was also used in the opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen of Richard Wagner. Nibelung in this context means "dwarf".
The Nibelungenlied is based on earlier works. It was part of oral tradition, meaning it usually was not written down. During the Middle Ages people started to write down stories more and more. Overall there are about 35 German sources and one Dutch source for the story. There was an original manuscript but it has been lost. The three oldest manuscripts have been labelled A, B, and C.
A - Hohenems-Munich manuscript (last quarter 13th century, in the Bavarian State Library in Munich today)
B - St.Gallen manuscript (mid-thirteenth century, in the Abbey library of St. Gallen)
C - Donaueschlingen manuscript (second quarter 13th century, in the Badische Landesbiblithek in Karlsruhe)
B seems to be closest to the original; however, the real relation between the three manuscripts is unknown. The Nibelungenlied probably had a broad oral tradition, as there were many different versions. It is difficult to judge how these oral versions influenced the written ones.
Manuscripts A and B end with daz ist der Nibelunge not (that is the fall of the Nibelungs); for this reasons, they are known as the Not versions. Manuscript C ends with daz ist der Nibelunge liet (). It is known as the Lied-version. In total, the C text has been edited with regard to the public of the time. It is less dramatic. This probably made it more popular. Aesthetically, the B text would have been the greatest artistic achievement for a contemporary public.
Who wrote it?
The author who wrote down the original that is now lost is unknown. However, there are a few candidates:
Der von Kurenberg - He wrote very similar poems, and one poem the Falkenlied (falcons' song) is reflected in a dream by Kriemhild. Most researchers however believe that he lived before the Nibelungenlied was written down.
Walther von der Vogelweide - He has a very similar vocabulary (this can also be expalined by the fact that he lived in the same area though). His fundamental views were very different from those expressed in the Nibelungenlied though.
Bligger von Steinach
Konrad von Fussesbrunnen- He wrote a 3.000 line poem The Childhood of Jesus, and was active around Passau. His style is totally different from that of the Nibelungenlied.
An unknown nun of the monastery in Passau; The monastery of Passau, the city and its merchants are mentioned in the song. This is probably because they financed part of it, not because the author was from there.
Serious researchers tend to ignore the last three options, because there is not enough evidence to support them.
Ayoob Tarish

Ayoob Tarish Absi (, born 1942; first name also spelled Ayoub; last name also spelled Absey) is a Yemeni singer and musician from the area of Al-Aboos in the Ta'izz Governorate. Tarish composed "United Republic", the national anthem of Yemen, which was adopted following the Yemenite reunification.
Shamrock, Texas

Shamrock is a city in Wheeler County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 1,910.
Kentaro Yano

Kentaro Yano (born 22 September 1981) is a former Japanese football player.
Johan Micoud

Johan Micoud (born 24 July 1973) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.
Chiriquí Province

Chiriqui is a province of the Republic of Panama. The population is of 409 821 (2010) and the capital is David.
Tetsuya Ito

Tetsuya Ito (born 1 October 1970) is a former Japanese football player.
West Delhi

West Delhi is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India. It has an area of 129 km2, with a population density of nearly 14,000 persons per km2. Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Patel Nagar, Rajouri Garden, and Punjabi Bagh. Major residential and commercial areas of Delhi like Janakpuri and Tilak Nagar are located in West Delhi.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census West Delhi has a population of 2,531,583, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 169th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 18.91%. West Delhi has a sex ratio of 876 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 87.12%.
Archaean

The Archaean (or Archean) eon is the geological period after the Hadean and before the Proterozoic. It is one of the four main time periods (eons) of Earth history. The Archaean lasted from 4,000 million years ago (mya) to 2,500 mya. It contains the first sedimentary rocks, and the first fossil life forms, which were cyanobacteria, and acritarchs.
Most of the rocks which survive are volcanic (igneous) and metamorphic in origin. Volcanic activity was everywhere. When the Archaean began, the Earth's heat flow was nearly three times higher than it is today. It was still twice the current level when the Archaean ended, 2,500 mya. This high level of heat flow may have made plate tectonics more vigorous than today. The question of when plate tectonics began is a major research area. The large supercontinent Vaalbara formed in the Archaean. There were oceans already, before the Archaean.
The atmosphere almost entirely lacked free oxygen, and instead, it was mostly methane and CO2.
Fossil bacterial mats, called stromatolites, are found throughout the Archaean after about 3,500mya. These were formed by cyanobacteria, which used photosynthesis and gave off oxygen as a by-product. Initially, this oxygen was absorbed by combining with iron ions in solution. Not until much later did oxygen build up in the atmosphere.
Fossil raindrop marks have been found in the later Archaean, 2,700 mya. The rocks were discovered in Ventersdorp in the North West Province of South Africa in the 1980s.
Slideshow

Slideshow means a show of slides. It is a display of several slides for information or for artistic purposes.
Slideshows are presented using a tool, such as a slide projector, an overhead projector or in more recent years, a computer running presentation software. The word comes from the use of slides which have been around for many years. Slides originally were projected on movie theater screens by magic lanterns as part of early movie house shows.
The word slideshow does not appear in the Webster's New Twentieth Century Unabridged Dictionary (1973 edition), but is accepted as correct spelling in Microsoft Word in both Office 2000 and Office XP editions.
Hypergamy

Hypergamy is the practice of dating or marrying someone of a higher social status than oneself. Hypergamy is usually associated with women. Some sociologists believe that harems formerly existed because of female hypergamy. Some analysts also believe that people have twice as many female ancestors as male ancestors because of female hypergamy.
For the better part of human history, women simply didn't have the option, access, or legal rights in many places in the world to have agency over their own welfare and to create financial independence. So, they relied on a 'good marriage' to secure their (and their children's) overall prosperity and prospects.
While many Western societies have progressed to promote gender equality in the past century--attempting to creating equal career, educational, and financial opportunities for women--there's still a large gender pay gap. For example, in the United States, women are paid roughly 82 cents for every dollar a man makes for the same job, and the disparity is even greater for women of color, according to the American Association of University Women.
Karpenisi

Karpenisi is a mountainous Greek city. It is a small city in Eyritania district. Karpenisi is the capital of Eyritania prefecture. Eyritania prefecture has the most mountains of any other prefecture of Greece. There are mountains everywhere in the Eyritania prefecture. The highest point of Karpenisi is at the top of the Tymphristos Mountain, which is 2,315 meters high. Around 7,300 people live in Karpenisi, says the census taken in 2001. Karpenisi is built at an altitude of 960 meters. It sits on the slopes of the Tymphristos mountain. Lamia is east of Karpenisi. Karpenisi is smaller town than Lamia. Lamia also serves the district of Karpenisi.
Winter resort
Today, Karpenisi is one of the most important winter resorts in Greece. In winter, many Greeks go there in order to do winter sports. The people visiting go skiing and hiking in the forests of Karpenisi. Karpenisi is surrounded by a fir forest.
Proprioception

Proprioception is the sense that people have of knowing where the parts of their body are. It is also called kinesthetic sense.
Proprioception is used when a person touches the tip of their nose while keeping their eyes closed. Even though they cannot see their finger or their nose, they can sense how to touch them together.
Carlos José Zambrano García-Raez

Carlos Jose Zambrano Garcia-Raez (born 23 February 1969) is a Spanish politician. He is a member of the far-right Vox party. Since 2019, he has served as a member of the Congress of Deputies. Before joining Vox, he was member of the People's Party. He was born in San Fernando, Cadiz.
On 11 March 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, it was made clear that Zambrano Garcia-Raez had tested positive to COVID-19.
Japan national under-20 football team

The Japan national under-20 football team is a national association football team of Japan and is controlled by the Japan Football Association.
Zeolite

Zeolites are microporous, aluminosilicate minerals. It is commonly used as commercial absorbants and catalysts. The name zeolite was given in 1756 by Swedish mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt. He called the material zeolite, from the Greek zeo (zeo), meaning "to boil" and lithos (lithos), meaning "stone".
Occurrence
Natural zeolites form where volcanic rocks and ash react with alkaline groundwater. Zeolites found in nature are almost never pure. They are contaminated by other minerals, metals, quartz, or other zeolites.
Uses
Zeolites can be used in domestic and commercial water purification, water softening, and other uses. Zeolites were also found to help silver naturally emit light, which may compete with fluorescent lights or LEDs.
Zeolites can be used to store solar heat harvested from solar thermal collectors. The largest use for zeolite is the global laundry detergent market.
Jack Paar

Jack Harold Paar (May 1, 1918 - January 27, 2004) was an American author, radio and television comedian and talk show host. He is best known as host of The Tonight Show from 1957 to 1962. He was born in Canton, Ohio.
Paar died in Greenwich, Connecticut from a stroke, aged 85.
National Archives of Australia

The National Archives of Australia is an agency established by the Government of Australia. It is an archive, which collects and preserves government records. The national office is in Canberra. It has smaller offices in each state capital and Darwin.
The National Archives were established in 1961. Before this, the Federal Parliamentary Library (now the National Library of Australia) had been responsible for collecting government records since World War I. The Archives Act 1983 was a law passed to protect Commonwealth archives. Under this law, the National Archives are responsible for preserving government records.
The National Archives' collection is made up of records written about Federation, Governors-General, Prime Ministers, Cabinet and Ministries and most of the activities with which the government has been involved. The collection is not open to the public for browsing. Items can be requested for viewing in the reading rooms, and copies of records can be made. Most records over 30 years old are available to the public. Some are released with certain pieces of information deleted. This kind of information includes documents relating to defence and security, private information, and raw census data. Access to information that is culturally sensitivite to indigenous Australians may also be restricted.
Several collections have been made available online. These include all Australian military service records (records of those who served in the military) from the Second Boer War to the Vietnam War. Immigration and naturalisation documents more than 30 years old were made available in 2005.
Catonvielle

Catonvielle is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Stan Williams (baseball)

Stanley Wilson Williams (September 14, 1936 - February 20, 2021) was an American baseball pitcher. He played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers, New York Yankees, Cleveland Indians, Minnesota Twins, St. Louis Cardinals and Boston Red Sox between 1958 and 1972.
Williams died on February 20, 2021, at his home in Laughlin, Nevada from heart and respiratory failure, aged 84.
Wii Balance Board

The Wii Balance Board (called Wii Board in Europe) is a balance board accessory made for Nintendo's Wii and Wii U game console. It was first used for Wii Fit, and was also used for other games, including We Ski.
Liz Phair

Elizabeth Clark "Liz" Phair (born April 17, 1967) is an American singer-songwriter and a guitarist.
Her career began in the early 1990s. She began by self-releasing audio cassettes using the nickname of Girly Sound. Her 1993 debut studio album Exile in Guyville was released with critical acclaim. She has sold nearly three million records worldwide.
Phair was born in New Haven, Connecticut. She was adopted and grew up in Chicago suburb Winnetka, Illinois.
222 BC

Events
By place
Greece
Cleomenes III is defeated and the Spartan army annihilated by the Achaean League and the Macedonians in the Battle of Sellasia.
Ptolemy IV succeeds his father Ptolemy III as king of Egypt.
Rome
Marcus Claudius Marcellus leads the Romans to victory in the Battle of Clastidium, conquering the area later known as Cisalpine Gaul.
The Romans capture Milan.
Asia
State of Qin conquers the state of Yan and defeats the last defensive forces of the state of Zhao in China .
Linnumäe

Linnumae is a village in Puhalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.
List of settlements in Bulgaria

This is a complete list of all cities and towns in Bulgaria sorted by population. Province capitals are shown in bold.
Central Department

Central () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Aregua. Its ISO 3166-2 code is PY-11.
The department has 2,297,739 inhabitants. That is more than any other department of Paraguay. The department is also the smallest of all the departments.
History
The Central Department, known as "Comarca Asuncena", was the most populated country region in old times.
The towns of this department had different origin. Domingo Martinez de Irala started the towns of Ita, Ypane and Aregua in 1538 and 1539. Villeta was founded by the governor Juan Gregorio Bazan de Pedraza in 1714. Other towns were founded around chapels.
The towns of Nueva Italia, Colonia Thompson and Villa Elisa were already established as agricultural settlements in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. These were mainly settled by immigrants.
Geography
The Central department is in the central western part of the Oriental region. It is on the southern border of the Western region. It surrounds the capital, Asuncion.
The department has an area of . That is of the area of Paraguay. Its estimated population in 2013 was 2,297,739. That gave a population density of inhabitants per square kilometre.
The Central department is relatively flat. It has only small hills. It has several rivers, as the Paraguay river, and streams flow through it. The Ypacarai and Ypoa lakes are on the borders of the department.
Limits
To the north: Presidente Hayes and Cordillera departments.
To the east: Paraguari department.
To the south: Neembucu department.
To the west: Argentina and the Distrito Capital
Districts
The department is divided in 19 districts:
Economy
Industries include the processing of food, furniture, clothing, pharmaceutical production, metallurgic, plastic and ceramics. The city of Villeta has a large number of industries. Central is the second biggest economy of Paraguay.
Saint-Bonnet-de-Rochefort

Saint-Bonnet-de-Rochefort is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes

On 12 September 2022, many clashes happened between Armenian and Azerbaijani troops near the Armenia-Azerbaijan border. It is the first major event between both countries since the 2021-2022 Armenia-Azerbaijan border crisis. Both sides blamed each other for the rise in tensions and eventual attacks.
Armenia says that Azerbaijan had attacked Armenian areas near the cities of Vardenis, Goris, Sotk, and Jermuk. which were later confirmed by satellite images from NASA. Azerbaijan, however, said that Armenia had staged "large-scale provocations" near the Dashkasan, Kalbajar and Lachin regions.
Russia said on 13 September that it had helped create a ceasefire between Azerbaijan and Armenia, but both sides confirmed it was broken minutes after the ceasefire happened.
At least 202 Armenian soldiers were killed or are missing, 20 Armenian soldiers were captured, 3 Armenian civilians were killed and 2 are missing, and 7 Armenian civilians were injured, according to Armenia; and 80 Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and 3 Azerbaijani civilians were injured, according to Azerbaijan.
Fausto Sozzini

Fausto Paolo Sozzini, also known as Faustus Socinus or Faust Socyn, was an Italian theologian and founder of the school of Christian thought known as Socinianism and the main theologian of the Minor Reformed Church of Poland.
Ronald L. Schlicher

Ronald Lewis Schlicher (September 16, 1956 - September 26, 2019) was an American diplomat and career foreign service officer. He was the Deputy Chief of Mission in Lebanon (charge d'affaires) 1994-96 and United States Consul-General in Jerusalem in 2000-02. He also served as ambassador to Cyprus in 2006-08. He was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Schlicher died on September 26, 2019 in Brentwood, Tennessee at the age of 63.
Rajgarh district

Rajgarh District is a district in Madhya Pradesh of India. It is 140kms away from Bhopal. It is an undeveloped district.
Pháo

Nguyen Dieu Huyen (born 28 March 2003), known by her stage name Phao, is a Vietnamese rapper and producer. She was raised in Tuyen Quang and lives in Hanoi as of 2021. Her name "Phao" means passion. She was a student at the Hanoi College of Art.
Phao started rapping around 2018. She has said she admires Cardi B, and Vietnamese rapper Kimmese. She wasn't known to the public until her song "2 Phut Hon", with Vietnamese producer Masew released, gaining over 30 million views. The KAIZ remix of the song gained global popularity, mostly on social media app TikTok. She released a new version of the song in 2021 with American rapper Tyga. Phao has also participated on Vietnamese TV show "King of Rap".
Tuas

Tuas is a region in the far west of the island of Singapore. It is reachable by the Mass rapid transit (MRT) of Singapore.
Tuas is mainly an industrial estate like Jurong and the Tuas checkpoint (called the Tuas Second Link) is found there.
Igor Radulov

Igor Valerievich Radulov (born August 23, 1982) is a Russian ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for HC Atlant Moscow Oblast of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Career
Before playing in the NHL, Radulov played 1 season with the Mississauga IceDogs of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Radulov was drafted with the 74th overall pick by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft. He played 7 games with the Blackhawks before being sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Norfolk Admirals. After a season with the Admirals, Radulov was called back up to the Blackhawks. He would play 36 games with them before he was again sent down. He played 54 games with the Admirals before leaving for Russia after the 2004-05 NHL lockout.
His older brother, Alexander Radulov, plays for HC CSKA Moscow also of the KHL.
Teratorn

The teratorns were a group of very large birds of prey that lived in the Americas from the Oligocene to Pleistocene epochs. They are all extinct now. They include some of the largest known flying birds. So far, at least five species in four genera have been identified:
Teratornithidae are related to New World vultures (Cathartidae, syn. Vulturidae).
Teratornis merriami. This is by far the best-known species. Over a hundred specimens have been found, mostly from La Brea tar pits. It stood about 75 cm (29.5 in) tall with estimated wingspan of perhaps 3.5 to 3.8 metres (11.5 to 12.5 ft), and weighed about 15 kg (33 lb); making it about a third bigger than living condors. It became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene, some 10,000 years ago.
Argentavis magnificens. A partial skeleton of this enormous teratorn was found from La Pampa, Argentina. It is the largest flying bird known to have existed. It is the oldest known teratorn, dating to late Miocene, about 6 to 8 million years ago, and one of the very few teratorn finds in South America. Initial discovery included portions of the skull, incomplete humerus and several other wing bones. Even conservative estimates put its wingspan at 6 meters and up (some 20 ft), and it may have been as much as 8 metres (26 ft). The weight of the bird was estimated to have been around 80 kg (176 lb).
This group of huge birds lived at a time before mankind reached the Americas in any numbers. The land was more heavily forested than today, and so had herbivores more suited to forests than today. The finds in California suggest that similar conditions existed in much of California and North America west of the mountains.
Logogram

A logogram or logograph is a grapheme (or symbol) which represents a word or morpheme in a language. This is contrasted with a phonogram, which is a symbol that represents a sound.
Nidwalden

Nidwalden is a canton of Switzerland. It is in the center of Switzerland. The population is 38,600 (in 2001). The capital is Stans.
Geography
Nidwalden is in the center of Switzerland. To the north is Lake Lucerne. Mountain ranges block in the rest of the canton on the other sides.
History
In 1291 the people of Nidwalden joined Uri and Schwyz to form an alliance. At the time there was no state, but towards the end of the 14th century early forms of government were established. This included institutionalized assemblies and courts. In the 14th and 15th century the people of Nidwalden joined the people of Obwalden to discuss important matters, but the two cantons were never really one. For example, Obwalden did not participate in the annexation of Bellinzona, Riviera and Blenio areas (today in the canton of Ticino).
Around 1500 many people in Nidwalden worked as mercenary soldiers. Many of these soldiers later emigrated. This helped to lessen the pressure of a growing population. A popular destination was the Alsace. After rejecting a new constitution by Napoleon -- the ideas of the French Revolution were not popular in such an agricultural area -- Nidwalden was attacked by French troops on 9 September 1798. Random destruction was caused and at least 400 people were killed. After the end of Napoleon's rule in 1814 most of the changes were reverted. Only in 1877 did Nidwalden introduce a new constitution. The open assembly (Landsgemeinde) was abolished in 1997.
Politics
The government is composed of seven members. The local parliament has 60 seats.
Nidwalden sends only one deputy to the Swiss Council of States.
Economy
Up to the 1900s, Nidwalden was taken over by agriculture. Cattle and cheese were exported mainly to northern Italy. Around 1500, many people in Nidwalden worked as mercenary soldiers (people hired to fight for someone for money).
From the middle of the 19th century onwards, trade, industry and tourism gained momentum. Still, until the 1950s, agriculture took over the canton. Today, many small and middle-sized businesses fill the economy. The largest employer is the airplane constructor Pilatus. The small and middle-sized businesses work in a lot of areas. Many provide work in machine construction, medical equipment, international trade, optics and electronics.
Traditional areas such as forestry and agriculture are still important. Most farming is done with cattle and dairy products. Family farms are still common in Nidwalden today.
In recent years, Nidwalden is becoming an increasingly popular place to live and work. This is caused by its low taxes, its central location between Zurich and Milan, and the pretty countryside.
Tourism
Because of the mountainous geography, tourism is important to Nidwalden. The lake and mountains attract many tourists around the year.
Culture
Many local charities have kept local traditions intact. There is traditional music, yodeling, dances, theaters and festivals. There are a number of modern cultural events, such as concerts and galleries.
Turing test

The Turing test is a test to see if a computer can interact with a person. The human should not be able to realise it is interacting with a computer.
Alan Turing thought that if a human could not tell the difference between another human and the computer, then the computer had shown intelligent behaviour.
Test setup
A person has a telegraph, and is connected to two communication partners. One of the two correspondents is a machine. The person can ask anything with the telegraph. If the person cannot tell which of the two is the machine more than 50% of the time, then the machine is said to be intelligent.
Later on, people narrowed down the test. A human is unlikely to know everything. Therefore, both the human and the machine would be specialists in some field of knowledge. So would the person asking.
Media
The comic strip Dilbert makes several mentions to the PHB (Pointy Haired Boss) failing the Turing test.
Minka

is general Japanese term for all rural and traditional buildings except for palaces, temples and structures which have been influenced by Western architecture.
Minka are traditional houses and private residences of farmers, artisans, and merchants
Types
There are several types or styles of minka, including
Semi-buried huts (tate-ana jukyo)
Wooden houses with roofs of thatching (kayabunki), wood shingles (ishitori) or tiles (kawarabuki)
Shops and warehouses (dozo, kura)
Jones (Animal Farm)

Mr. Jones is a character in the book Animal Farm. He is the brutal (and often drunk) owner of Manor Farm.
Jones is kicked out of his farm when the animals start their rebellion. Later he returns with several others, and tries to get his farm back. There is a battle, but the animals win.
He symbolizes Czar Nicholas II.
Strange Days (movie)

Strange Days is a cyberpunk thriller movie. It was released on October 13, 1995. The story is about celebrations for the new millennium in Los Angeles, in December 1999. The area is a dangerous war zone. The movie is also about coverups, murders and deception. Ralph Fiennes plays Lenny, Angela Bassett plays Mace and Juliette Lewis plays Faith. Its run time was 145 minutes.
The reviews of the movie were positive. The movie, however, did not make much money at the box office.
Revolutions per minute

Revolutions per minute, sometimes called RPM, is a measure of angular frequency. It means the number of times something spins in one minute.
For example, if a wheel spins one time in one second, it is doing 60 RPM, because there is 60 seconds in one minute.
QuikSCAT

The QuikSCAT (Quick Scatterometer) is an earth-observing satellite that provides wind speed and direction information over oceans to NOAA. It is a "quick recovery" mission to fill the gap created by the loss of data from the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) that was lost in June 1997. It is in a sun-synchronous low-earth orbit.
Because of the 2003 failure of the ADEOS II satellite that was meant to succeed the NSCAT, QuickSCAT is currently the only US-owned instrument in orbit that measures surface winds over the oceans. The European Space Agency has its own scatterometers in orbit, such as Envisat.
However, because it is now running on a backup transmitter and having other problems, this satellite could fail at any moment, putting risk at weather forecasts for possibly dangerous tropical cyclones.
In early June 2007, Bill Proenza, Director of the National Hurricane Center in Florida, came under fire for criticizing his NOAA superiors for not creating a back-up plan for replacing the capabilities provided by this satellite.
Jah Wobble

Jah Wobble (born 11 August 1958) is an English bass guitarist, singer, and poet. He was Public Image Ltd's first bass player. He left after making two albums with the band in 1980. He has worked with many musicians since. In September 2010 a book Wobble wrote about his life, Memoirs of a Geezer, was published.
Personal life
Wobble has two daughters, Hayley Angel Wardle and Natalie Wardle, and two sons.
Akron (disambiguation)

Akron is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio.
Michelle Lujan Grisham

Michelle Lynn Lujan Grisham (; born October 24, 1959) is an American lawyer and politician. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Lujan Grisham is the 32nd and current Governor of New Mexico since January 1, 2019.
She was the U.S. Representative for from 2013 to 2018.
Lujan Grisham has announced her candidacy for Governor of New Mexico in the 2018 election. She won the Democratic nomination on June 5, 2018. She defeated Republican Steve Pearce in the general election.
Her uncle is former Republican Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and former U.S. Representative Manuel Lujan, Jr..
In 2019, a campaign staffer accused Lujan Grisham of sexual misconduct after she reportedly poured water on the staffer's pants and grabbed his penis-area. In 2021, she paid $62,500 to the staffer following a lawsuit.
Holden (disambiguation)

Holden is the name of an Australian brand of automobile. Holden can also mean:
Places
In Canada
Holden, Alberta
In Norway
Holden, Lierne, a lake in Nord-Trondelag
Holden, Verran, a lake in Nord-Trondelag
In the United States
Holden, Louisiana
Holden, Maine
Holden, Massachusetts
Holden, Missouri
Holden, Utah
Holden, West Virginia
Holden Township, Minnesota
Holden, Vermont
There are also:
Holden Beach, North Carolina
Holden Heights, Florida
Holden Village, Washington
People and fictional characters
Holden (surname), including a list of people and fictional characters
Holden (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
Holden Scott, a pen name of American author Ben Mezrich (born 1969)
Other
Holden (lunar crater), a lunar crater attached to the much larger Vendelinus crater
Holden (Martian crater), a wide crater on Mars.
Paul Cameron

Paul Drummond Cameron (born November 9, 1939) is an American psychologist. Cameron is known for being an anti-gay extremist. He worked at the University of Nebraska.
Louches

Louches is a commune that is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Burnet, Texas

Burnet is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Burnet County.