kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
To each according to his contribution

According to the principle of 'To each according to his contribution', during the transition of a society from capitalism to socialism and then to communism, individuals should be rewarded for the amount they contribute to society. Economists such as David Ricardo (1772-1823) had this idea. Ricardo founded a movement that is known as Ricardian socialism today. Many people in the labour movement had this idea too. Ferdinand Lassalle (1825-1864) and Eugen Duhring (1833-1921) expressed such ideas towards Leon Trotsky. Despite this, Vladimir Lenin was the first person to say that this element is fundamental to Marxist theory.
According to Libertarian socialist thinkers, such as American anarchist Benjamin Tucker, socialism is a system in which the laborer receives the full product of his labor. This eliminates exploitation and unearned income accrued to the capitalist.
The term To each according to his contribution simply means that each worker in a socialist society receives "wages" and benefits according to the quantity and value of the labor that he or she contributed. That way, highly productive workers will receive more wages and benefits than workers of average productivity, and substantially more than workers of low productivity. What is more, the more difficult the job is, the more one is rewarded for the labor contributed. Difficulty can result from factors such as greater training requirement, job intensity or safety hazards. According to Trotsky, the idea is to promote productivity. This is done by creating incentives to work harder, longer, and more productively. In the end, the principle comes from capitalism, but will vanish, according to Marx, as work becomes more automated and enjoyable, and as goods become available in greater quantities.
In capitalism, the means of production are owned by a few people; these people are also known as the bourgeoisie. These people do not produce, but they live off the work others do for them. Socialism can fix this issue, because with socialism, the means of production are owned by all people, they are a common good.
Institute for Fiscal Studies

The Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) is an economic research institute based in London.It studies UK taxation and public policy. It publishes policy-reports and academic articles. It also produces a peer-reviewed quarterly journal, called Fiscal Studies.
Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh

Princess Mary of the United Kingdom (25 April 1776 - 30 April 1857) was the fourth daughter and eleventh child of George III and Queen Charlotte. She was the last living child of George III, dying in 1857.
Kafr Bara

Kafr Bara or Kfar Bara (; ) is an Israeli-Arab local council in Israel's Central District. It is a small town located near the Green Line. The town is a part of the Little Triangle with Kafr Qasim and Jaljulia. In , people lived there.
Population
According to the latest statistics, the population of Kafr bara is Arab Muslims.
Institutions
The town has a community center and retirement center. It also has three mosques, a public library, a post office, two clinics and a football playground. There is 2 schools in Kafr Bara; Omar Bin Khattab primary school and , the Comprehensive Secondary School of Kafr Bara.
Paul Tagliabue

Paul John Tagliabue (; born November 24, 1940) is the former Commissioner of the National Football League. He became commissioner in 1989 and retired in 2006. He was replaced by Roger Goodell, who was elected to the position on August 8, 2006. Tagliabue had previously served as a lawyer for the NFL.
Tagliabue served as Chairman of Board of Directors of Georgetown University from 2008 to 2015.
Capoid

Capoid race was a word for the Khoikhoi and San peoples. American anthropologist Carleton S. Coon invented the word in 1962. The words means "looking like a person from the Cape of Good Hope". Coon divided human beings into five races. He called these races Capoid, Congoid, Mongoloid, Australoid, and Caucasoid. Today, scientists agree that there is only one human race. Modern genetic research has shown that the idea of five races was wrong.
Yorba Linda, California

Yorba Linda is a city in southern California, in the United States. It is approximately northeast of Downtown Santa Ana, and southeast of Downtown Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, there are 68,336 people living in the city. In 2006 it was identified as the richest city in the United States by the U.S. Census Bureau that shows a median household income of $121,075 higher than any other.
Yorba Linda is known to have big residential properties. It is also known to have 30 horse trails which are in overall length.
Richard Nixon, President of the United States, from 1969 to 1974, and Vice President of the United States, from 1953 to 1961, was born there and is the most well known resident there, however his father moved there before it became a city.
History
Pre-colonization
This place was home to Native American tribes once.
Early years
In 1834, Jose Antonio Yorba's most successful son Bernardo Yorba (the city would be later be named after) was granted the Rancho Canon de Santa Ana by Mexican governor Jose Figueroa.
Founding
On November 2, 1967, Yorba Linda was incorporated as a city.
Recent times
In November 2008, the eastern part of the city was struck by a brush fire that destroyed 113 homes and damaged 50 other homes.
Geography
It is bordered by Anaheim on the south, Placentia on the west and southwest, Brea on the northwest, Chino Hills State Park on the north, and Corona on the east and bordered by the counties of San Bernardino and Riverside.
Yorba Linda is the sixth largest city in Orange County after Santa Ana, Irvine, Anaheim, Huntington Beach and Newport Beach.
The two nearest seismic faults are the Whittier Fault and the other is Chino Fault, both of which are part of the Elsinore Fault Zone.
Hazro Tehsil

Hazro Tehsil is one of the six tehsils (subdivisions) of Attock District in the Punjab province of Pakistan, it is a newly created tehsil and forms parts of the NA-57 constituency of Attock. On 26 October 2006, the Minister of State for Environment, Malik Amin Aslam announced that Rs150 million would be spent on the NA 57 area of Attock including remote areas of Hazro Tehsil.
33 BC

Year 33 BC was either a common year starting on Saturday, Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Octavian and Tullus.
River Tales

River Tales () is a 2020 Luxembourgian documentary movie directed by Julie Schroell.
Michael Skubala

Michael Skubala (b. 31 October 1982) is an English football manager. In 2023, he became the coach of the Premier League club Leeds United.
English-speaking world

Over two billion people speak English. It is the largest language by number of speakers. It is the fourth largest language by number of native speakers. What this mean is, English is the most widely spoken second language.
Overview
The United States of America is the largest English-speaking country, with 300 million native speakers. There are 60 million native speakers in the United Kingdom, 29 million in Canada, 25.1 million in Australia, 4.7 million in the Republic of Ireland, and 4.9 million in New Zealand.
In the European Union, English is one of 24 official languages and is widely used by institutions, and by almost all of the population as the native language in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is a second language in other member states.
Estimates that include second language speakers vary greatly, from 470 million to more than 2 billion. David Crystal calculates that, as of 2003, non-native speakers outnumbered native speakers by a ratio of 3 to 1.p69 When combining native and non-native speakers, English is the most widely spoken language worldwide.
Besides the main dialects of English, countries such as South Africa, India, Nigeria, the Philippines, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago have millions of native speakers of dialect continua. These versions range from English-based creole languages to Standard English. Other countries such as Ghana and Uganda also use English as their primary official languages.
India now claims to be the world's second-largest English-speaking country. The most reliable estimate is about 10% of its population or 125 million people, second only to the US. It may be four times larger in the next decade from 2012.
Countries by English-speaking percentage
Below is a list of some countries by the rank proficiency in English (listed alphabetically), according to the English Proficiency Index.
South Bethany, Delaware

South Bethany is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Arrondissement of Annecy

The arrondissement of Annecy is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Haute-Savoie departement, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region. Its capital, and the prefecture of the department, is the city of Annecy.
History
When the Haute-Savoie department was created in 1860, the arrondissement of Annecy was part of that original department.
Geography
The arrondissement of Annecy is bordered to the northwest by the arrondissement of Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, to the northeast by the arrondissement of Bonneville, and to the south by the Savoie department.
It is the most southern arrondissement of the department and is the second largest arrondissement with an area of , but the first in population, with 276,382 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km2.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
Montalto Uffugo

Montalto Uffugo is an Italian city in Calabria. About 20,000 people lived there.
1910 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1910 Atlantic hurricane season was the period of 1910 when tropical storms formed. It happened during the summer and the first half of fall in 1910. The season was quiet, with only five known storms.
Storms
Tropical Storm One
The first storm formed on August 23. It hit Hispaniola as a weak tropical storm.
Tropical Storm Two
The second storm was another weak tropical storm that hit northeast Mexico.
Hurricane Three
The first hurricane of the season was a strong Category 2 storm. It moved through the Caribbean and Greater Antilles.
Hurricane Four
Another hurricane moved past Bermuda. It caused only minor damage.
Hurricane Five
The last storm was the strongest hurricane of the season. It was a strong Category 4 hurricane that moved through western Caribbean.
Practice

Practice or practise (a verb form in British English) is the act of repeating a behavior over and over, or doing an activity again and again.
It is a way to learn things faster, by repeating them. For example, sport teams practice to prepare for real games, or a musician practices for some hours every day, so he can play perfectly in his concert.
A practice can also mean the way something is done, like in "medical practice".
Design management

"Simply put, design management is the business side of design. Design management encompasses the ongoing processes, business decisions, and strategies that enable innovation and create effectively-designed products, services, communications, environments, and brands that enhance our quality of life and provide organizational success."
This means that design management is not limited on a single design discipline. In his 'Classification of Design' (1976), Gorb divided design into three different classes; design management operates in and across all three categories:
Product (e.g. industrial design, packaging design, service design)
Information (e.g. graphic design, branding, media design, web design)
Environment (e.g. retail design, exhibition design, interior design)
Design management is not independent from the organization and product context, and plays three integrative key roles in the interface of design, organisation and market:
align design strategy with corporate and/or brand strategy
manage quality and consistency of design outcomes across and within different design disciplines (design classes)
enhance new ways of user experience and differentiation from competitors
Supportive activities are used in design management to manage design more efficient ('doing the things right') and effectively ('doing the right things'). Depending on a multitude of factors (such as industry, company size, design focus, market situation and the position / role of design within the company), design managers have a broad range of job profiles, with very different roles, activities and responsibilities.
Historical development
It is difficult to exactly trace the history of design management. Even though design management as an expression is first mentioned in literature in 1964, earlier contributions created the context in which design management could arise. Throughout its history design management was influenced by a number of different disciplines (e.g. architecture, industrial design, management, software development, engineering) and movements (e.g. system theory, design methodologies) and in its understanding it can be attributed neither directly to design nor to management.
Polk County, Iowa

Polk County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, 492,401 people lived there. It the most populous county in Iowa. The county seat is Des Moines,. Des Moines is also the capital city of Iowa. Polk County is one of the five counties that make up the Des Moines-West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Polk County was formed on January 13, 1846. It was named after President James K. Polk. The first courthouse was built in 1846. Construction of a second courthouse was begun in 1858. It was finished in 1866.
Askim

Askim is a town and a municipality in Ostfold county, Norway. The centre of the municipality is the town of Askim. Askim was created as a municipality on 1 January 1838. Askim is the largest population centre in Indre Ostfold with 15,315 people living here (2012).
It lies next to the longest river in Norway, Glomma, which forms the border with Spydeberg to the north and west, and Skiptvet to the south.
Wang Jingguang

Wang Jingguang (1968 - 21 December 2022) was a Chinese movie director.
Wang was most known in China as a film director of the movies Never Look Back and Lawless.
Jingguang died in on 21 December 2022, at the age of 54. According to the India Herald, he died from COVID-19. After his death, Weibo-users commemorated his legacy.
Masakazu Senuma

is a former Japanese football player.
Club statistics
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|1997||rowspan="3"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||||||0||0||0||0
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|1998||3||0||||||||||||
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|1999||1||0||||||||||||
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|2000||Vissel Kobe||J. League 1||6||1||||||||||||
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|2001||Tokyo Verdy||J. League 1||3||0||||||||||||
13||1||||||||||||
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State school

State schools usually mean primary or secondary schools which educate children without charge. They are funded in whole or part by taxation. The term may also refer to public institutions of post-secondary education. State schools have to follow the national curriculum for their country.
State schools may be called public schools outside of England and Wales.
By region or country
United States
In the United States, "state school" is colloquial for state university, a college, or a university in a state university system. "Public school" is used for elementary, middle, or high schools that get their money from the government or are run by the government. "Private school" is used for schools that do not get their money from the government, nor are they run by the government.
Chandanapally

Chandanapally is a village in the Kodumon subdivision in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, India. The town is famous for St. George Catholic Church.
Health centre
The main hospital is Primary Health Center Chandanapally. There are three doctors available and 24 beds.
Educational institutions
Major educational institutions are
Rose Dale Residential Senior Secondary School
Chandanappally Government LP school
Vimalamatha LP School
Mar Baselious ITC.
Churches, Temples
There are several worship centres in this area including..
Akakor

Akakor is a fictional ancient underground city somewhere between Brazil and Peru.
The German journalist Karl Brugger described the city in his book The Chronicle of Akakor (1976). Information about the city is from an interview with Tatunca Nara, a Brazilian Indian. Tantunca Nara speaks about possible contact with extraterrestrials in the ancient past. He says these extraterrestrials are believed to have built this mysterious city. Two similar cities are mentioned in this book - Akanis and Akahim.
Later Rudiger Nehberg showed that Tatunca Nara was actually a German named Gunther Hauck.
Parts of the story from The Chronicle of Akakor were used in the movie Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.
Dreamgirls

Dreamgirls is a musical. Tom Eyen wrote the book and lyrics. Henry Krieger wrote the music. The musical was loosely based upon The Supremes, The Shirelles, and other all-girl groups.
The musical premiered on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on 20 December 1981. It closed on 11 August 1985 after 1,521 performances. It was released as a feature-length movie in 2006.
Tōgō Heihachirō

Togo Heihachiro (Japanese:Dong Xiang Ping Ba Lang , 27 January 1848 - 30 May 1934) was an admiral of the fleet in the Imperial Japanese Navy, he is well-known as one of the Japanese Navy Heroes.
Puisieux, Pas-de-Calais

Puisieux, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Roslyn, New York

Roslyn ( ) is a village in Nassau County, New York, on the North Shore of Long Island. As of the United States 2010 Census, the village population was 2,770. Roslyn was once called Hempstead Harbor, but its name changed to Roslyn on September 7, 1844.
Rudolphina Menzel

Rudolphina Menzel (March 1, 1891-1973) was an Austrian-Jewish cynologist, or dog expert, and dog breeder. She created the dog breed called the Canaan dog. She founded the Palestinian Kennel Club (now the Israeli Kennel Club).
Early life
Menzel has been fascinated with dogs ever since she got bitten when she was four years old.
She rescued stray dogs from the streets but her parents consider dogs dirty and would not allow them in the house. She gave her allowance to her neighbors to take care of the stray dogs she rescued.
Career
At their villa in the 1920's the Menzels founded a dog training school. There Menzel and her husband studied dogs. Menzel trained common military breeds like German Shepards, Doberman pinschers, and Boxers.
She trained dogs to offer protection. She trained dogs for the German police and the German army. She specifically used Hebrew commands.
Menzel Bred her own dog called the Canaan dog. They were first found in the Israel Kennel club in 1953. Caanan dogs were bred from Pariah Dogs German Shepherds, Doberman Pinschers, and Boxers.
Menzel knew that dogs were used by police in Europe to hurt Jewish people. She was sad that Jewish people had become scared of dogs. Her goal for breeding dogs in Palestine was to bridge between the Jewish people and dogs.
Her Majesty's Ship

HMS is an acronym (contraction) of Her Majesty's Ship. It refers to ships of the Royal Navy. It is the official prefix of Royal Navy ship names since 1789. Versions of HMS are used in those Commonwealth countries where the British monarch is still the head of state. So, for example, HMNZS is the prefix for the Royal New Zealand Navy.
There are some similar designations. RMS designates a ship which officially transports mail for the United Kingdom. Other countries with monarchs use the same kind of system, and almost all countries have a prefix system for their ships.
Kuni-no-Tokotachi

Kuni no Tokotachi is a prominent god in shinto. He emerged from a reed
Yoshida Kanetomo, who created the Yoshida Shinto sect, said that Kuninotokotachi was the same as and thought that he was the first and most important god of the Universe.
La Chapelle-Yvon

La Chapelle-Yvon is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valorbiquet.
Everything's Gonna Be Great

Everything's Gonna Be Great () is a 1998 Turkish black comedy movie directed by Omer Vargi and starring Cem Yilmaz, Mazhar Alanson, Ceyda Duvenci, Selim Nasit Ozcan, Mustafa Uzunyilmaz, Adnan Tonel.
Scalpel

A scalpel is a very sharp knife, made to be used for surgery. Scalpels were developed for cutting through tissue. In 2013, most scalpels used for surgery had blades which are only used once. The blade is replaced after use. Sometimes, the lower part of the scalpel is re-used. The blades are made of different kinds of metal or steel. In some cases, titanium, diamond or obsidian are used. Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnetism to generate an image. This means that people performing operations in such an environment cannot use metal tools. In some cases, scalpels are replaced with lasers, or with electrocautery. Ancient Egyptian medicine used scalpels for enbalming; the material used was obsidian, it is still in use today. Medicine in ancient Rome used over 150 different tools, among them, the scalpel.
Black Mountain (Kentucky)

Black Mountain is a mountain in Kentucky. It is the highest mountain peak in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, USA. The height of the summit is . It is near the Virginia border. Black bears and lions live on the mountain.
Perl

Perl is a programming language invented by Larry Wall to process text. The programming language has been changed many times to do some other things. Some of these things are tasks like making web pages show information in a better way than before, or take information and show it in a way that makes more sense to people. Perl code is written using some symbols besides letters and numbers.
Usage
Perl is very good at searching through text looking for patterns, which lets people find words that they may be looking for, or also let people find words they are looking for, and change them with different words much more quickly than they would if they had to do it one word at a time.
Perl is also a high-level programming language. A high-level language has advanced features which let the programmer tell the computer what to do without having to worry about how the computer is going to do it as compared to low-level programming languages which often require more programmer effort.
Example
An example Hello World program in Perl:
say 'Hello World!'
You can use variables in Perl.
A variable is a box where you can put items. In Perl, some variables starts with their own sigil. A sigil is the way to tell the Perl interpreter about what type of variable you are using. Variables can be scalar, array, hash, handle, regular expression, typeglob or subroutine.
For example:
my $a_scalar = 2;
my $b = 5.29 ;
my $c = "a string";
my $d = 'another';
my @e = ($b,3,4,$c,$d);
my %f = ('a'=>$b,'cad'=>'pqr',$c=>$d);
Perl packages
The Comprehensive Perl Archive Network, aka CPAN, hosts a large number of extensions to Perl which may be downloaded for free.
Saint-Hubert

Saint-Hubert is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 5737 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 01 North, 05deg 22 East.
Electoral district of Kaurna

Kaurna is an electoral district of South Australia. It was created in 1993.
Kaurna is in Adelaide.
Lou Diamond Phillips

Louis Diamond Phillips (ne Upchurch; born February 17, 1962) is a Filipino-American actor and movie director. He is known for his role as Ritchie Valens in the biographical drama movie La Bamba (1987).
Jharia coalfield

Jharia coalfield is a large coal field in Jharia, Jharkhand, in the east of India. Jharia has the largest coal reserves in India with an estimated 19.4 billion tonnes of coking coal.
A lot of the local population work at Jharia coalfield.
National Public Radio

National Public Radio (NPR) is an American media organization. It is a national syndicator to a lot of public radio stations in the U.S. It began in 1970. This was after the Public Broadcasting Act was passed in 1967. This act was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. NPR produces/spreads news & cultural programming. Most public radio stations broadcast some NPR programs. NPR is very popular. In 2005, NPR was voted the most trusted news source in the U.S.
NPR makes a 5 minute newscast that plays at the top of every hour. During some shows, it has a shorter newscast that plays at the bottom of some hours.
Shows
The following shows are made by NPR in their studios in Washington, DC and Los Angeles:
Morning Edition, two-hour morning news show
Weekend Edition, weekend version of Morning Edition
All Things Considered, two-hour afternoon news show
Weekend All Things Considered
Talk of the Nation, npr news call-in show
Science Friday, the Friday Talk of the Nation, which's all about science
Wait Wait Don't Tell Me, a weekend news quiz show
All Songs Considered, a music podcast
Thistle and Shamrock, a Celtic music show
The following shows are produced by other people & distributed by npr
Car Talk, a weekly call-in show about auto repair
Fresh Air, a talk show featuring interviews with celebs & entertainment reviews
Latino USA, a weekly 30 minutes show about Latino issues
On the Media, a weekly show 'bout journalism, the Internet and free speech
NPR and the Gettysburg Address
William R. Rathvon is the only known eyewitness of the Gettysburg Address to have left an audio recording of what he remembered. 1 year before he died in '39, Rathvon's remarks were rec. at Feb 12, '38. It incl. his reading the address itself. The title of the rec. was "I Heard Lincoln That Day - William R. Rathvon, TR Productions". NPR found a copy during a "Quest for Sound" project in '99. NPR allows people to hear the rec. around Lincoln's birthday.
Dobrotești, Dolj

Dobrotesti is a commune found in Dolj County, Romania.
Villers-en-Prayères

Villers-en-Prayeres is a former commune. It is found in the region Hauts-de-France in the Aisne department in the north of France.
On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Les Septvallons.
Automatic rifle

Usually, an automatic rifle is a rifle that continuously fires bullet as long as the trigger is pressed. Cartridge shells are ejected and new cartridges are loaded into the chamber automatically. However, most automatic rifles are designed to give both semi- and fully automatic fire. This is called selective fire. They also rifle bullets from a magazine. These features makes them different from other automatic firearms like the machine gun and submachine gun.
Use
Soldiers in the United States Army who carry the M249 SAW are called automatic riflemen. The weapon is also called an automatic rifle. However, it is a fully automatic firearm. These are normally called squad automatic weapons (SAW) or light machine guns.
An assault rifle is quite similar to an automatic rifle. However, it uses less powerful bullets than the machine gun or battle rifle. This allows the soldier using it to control the recoil of the weapon without using a bipod or something similar. Bullets like these are called "intermediate" bullets. For example, the AK-47 assault rifle often uses a 7.62x39mm bullet. The bullet is the same diameter. However, it is smaller and less powerful compared to the 7.62x54mmR. The 7.62x54mmR was what was being used with rifles when the AK-47 was brought in to service.
History
The very first automatic rifle was the Mexican Mondragon rifle. It was designed by General Manuel Mondragon. He began working on the weapon in 1882. He patented it in 1887. In the 20th century, automatic rifles go back to World War I. This is where the Browning Automatic Rifle (B.A.R.) and Huot were first used. They were supposed to be used like light machine guns to help soldiers attack. However, only the Mondragon rifle and the B.A.R. were used in World War I.
Christopher Showerman

Christopher Frederick Showerman (born June 24, 1971) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing George in George of the Jungle 2, taking over from Brendan Fraser.
San Fernando Valley

The San Fernando Valley (known as "The Valley") is an urbanized valley in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of southern California. It has the mountains of the Transverse Ranges circling it. It is home to 1.8 million people. It lies north of the larger and more populous Los Angeles Basin.
Nearly two thirds of the Valley's land area is part of the City of Los Angeles. The other incorporated cities in the Valley are Glendale, Burbank, San Fernando, Hidden Hills, and Calabasas.
Borgo Ticino

Borgo Ticino is a comune in the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Arthur Sullivan

Sir Arthur Sullivan (13 May 1842 - 22 November 1900) was an English composer. In his lifetime people thought he was the best British composer, but nowadays his serious works are rarely heard. He worked with an author and poet called W. S. Gilbert, and together they wrote fourteen comic operas. Their names are always mentioned together: "Gilbert and Sullivan". Their operas were very popular a hundred years ago, and most still are. The most popular are The Mikado, H.M.S. Pinafore and The Pirates of Penzance. The two men were very different. They argued sometimes, but they worked together for 25 years, from 1871 to 1896.
Sullivan's serious works include one grand opera, two dozen orchestral and choral pieces, and many hymns and songs, including "Onward Christian Soldiers" and "The Lost Chord".
Maglite

Maglite is a brand of flashlight. There are several sizes available, ranging from a 6 D battery halogen flashlight to a single AAA battery keychain flashlight. They are made in the USA.
Construction
Most Maglite parts are made from anodized aluminum. There is a chrome-plated plastic reflector inside an aluminum housing at the top. Underneath the reflector is the light bulb or LED, which is attached to an aluminum tube. The batteries are inside the aluminum tube. A screw-on aluminum cap with a chrome-plated steel spring on the bottom of the flashlight holds the batteries in, and is unscrewed to replace the batteries. The spring is also the connection to the negative terminal (anode) on the batteries. There is no wire carrying the current to the bulb at the top of the flashlight - the aluminum tube is the conductor. On the smaller flashlights, the flashlight is turned on by slightly unscrewing the flashlight head. The larger flashlights have a push-button switch on the side of the aluminum tube.
Heinrich Schliemann

Heinrich Schliemann (January 6, 1822, in Neubukowin, Germany - December 26, 1890, in Naples) was a German archaeologist. He is famous for his work in discovering the ancient city of Troy.
Life
Heinrich Schliemann was born in Neubukowin, Germany. His father, Ernst Schliemann, was a minister. His mother, Luise Therese Sophie Schliemann, died in 1831 when Heinrich was 9 years old. When his mother died, Heinrich lived with his uncle in Neustrelitz. He went to a grammar school in the town for about a year. His father paid the school fees. Heinrich was very interested in history and was encouraged by his father to read history books. After he left school, he worked in a shop in Furstenberg for about five years. He worked hard as an apprentice, but he continued to read in his spare time.
He was not able to work as an archaeologist at this time, so he moved to a company which imported and exported products. In this job, he visited many different countries around the world, and learnt to speak English, French, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Italian, Greek, Latin, Russian, Arabic, and Turkish. His ability to speak languages was very important in his job. He later studied Latin and Ancient Greek in Paris.
In 1850, Heinrich's brother, Ludwig Schliemann, died, having got rich in the California Gold Rush. He moved to Sacramento, where he opened a bank, just like his brother. The new bank bought gold dust and sold it on to make money. In six months, the bank bought and sold millions of dollars' worth of gold dust.
Heinrich married his wife, Ekaterina, in 1852, but the marriage was troubled. Ekaterina kept encouraging her husband to make more money, but Heinrich felt that they were rich enough.
His work
Nobody knows how Heinrich became an archaeologist, but he continued to travel to see famous historical icons around the world. He even disguised himself to get into Mecca, the holy Muslim city. He became very interested in Troy, which was involved in a big dispute at the time. He was inspired by many people in the city, especially Ferdinand Fouque and Frank Calvert, who he met in 1868.
Many reports have said Heinrich buried a 'treasure' he found in Troy, dubbed Priam's gold.
Yoshio Fujiwara

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
After graduating from Mikage Higher Normal School, Fujiwara played for Osaka SC which many Japan national team players Kiyoo Kanda, Shiro Azumi, Fukusaburo Harada, Usaburo Hidaka, Toshio Hirabayashi, Setsu Sawagata, Kikuzo Kisaka and Shumpei Inoue were playing in those days.
In May 1923, Fujiwara was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Osaka. At this competition, on May 23, he debuted against Philippines. But Japan lost this match (1-2). This match is Japan team first match in "International A Match".
Chicken Run

Chicken Run is a 2000 stop motion animated movie produced by Aardman Animations in partnership with DreamWorks Animation.
The voice-overs were done by Timothy Spall, Phil Daniels, Mel Gibson, Julia Sawalha, Lynn Ferguson, Imelda Staunton, Jane Horrocks, Benjamin Whitrow, Tony Haygarth and Miranda Richardson.
Lille (Belgium)

Lille is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 15628 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 14 North, 04deg 49 East.
Forensic evidence

Forensic evidence is a way of using forensic science to find out who someone is using technology to look at stuff they've touched. It is commonly used at places where crimes have taken place and are being investigated.
One of the most common types of evidence is fingerprints. When someone touches something, they leave their fingerprint on it. Using technology, people can look at the fingerprint on the object that was touched and find out who touched it.
Nauvoo, Alabama

Nauvoo is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Mobile advertising

Mobile advertising is very similar to online or internet advertising. Mobile advertising is method of advertising via mobile phones or other mobile devices like tablets.
More and more people worldwide have mobile phones and spend on them a lot of time so mobile advertising is very successful these days and the whole market is growing fast.
Today there are more mobile phones than TVs and computers in the world.
In Spain 75% of mobile phone owners receive mobile advertising. In France 62% and in Japan 54% mobile phone owners receive mobile advertising. In Japan today, 44% of mobile phone owners click on ads they get on their phones. Mobile advertising was worth 900 million dollars only in Japan.
There are people and organizations that want to create guidelines for Mobile Advertising (set of rules to follow).
Julio César Rodríguez

Julio Cesar Rodriguez (born on 1969 in Hualpen) is a Chilean journalist and television presenter.
Rosalind (moon)

Rosalind is a closer moon to Uranus. It was found from the images taken by Voyager 2 on January 13, 1986, and was given the designation S/1986 U 4. It was named after the daughter of the banished Duke in William Shakespeare's play As You Like It. It is also designated Uranus XIII.
Rosalind belongs to Portia Group of moons, which also includes Bianca, Cressida, Desdemona, Portia, Juliet, Cupid, Belinda and Perdita. These moons have similar orbits and photometric properties. Unfortunately, other than its orbit, radius of 36 km and geometric albedo of 0.08 almost nothing is known about it.
At the Voyager 2 images Rosalind appears as an almost spherical object. The ratio of axises of the Rosalind's prolate spheroid is 1.0-0.8. Its surface is grey in color.
Bujingai: The Forsaken City

Bujingai: The Forsaken City release in Europe as Bujingai: Swordmaster or simply as in Japan is an action video game developed by Taito Corporation in collaboration with Red Entertaiment. Published in Japan by Taito in 2003, North America by BAM! Entertainment in 2004, and 505 Gamestreet in European released. The game is set in 23rd century, player can play as Lau Wong, main character of the game (casted by Gackt Camui). The gameplay of Bujingai is similiar to Devil May Cry series.
Skimmer (spa)

A skimmer or surface separator (separates a substance from the surface of a liquid), is an essential accessory for the maintenance and cleaning of the water in a swimming pool . It is used to remove all the surface dirt floating on the water surface, such as leaves, tanning oil and human secretions. These impurities remain suspended on the surface, affect the appearance of the water and are not always removed by the conventional vacuuming process. The skimmer is installed directly in the surface water suction system and also has the function of controlling the water level to prevent accidental overflows. In the United States and Portugal, the use of skimmers in the construction of swimming pools is mandatory, regulated and standardized by competent bodies.
Drainage opening
Typically, a skimmer draws water from the pool through a rectangular opening in the wall, at the top of the pool, connected through a device installed in one (or more) walls of the pool. The internal parts of the skimmer are accessed from the pool deck through a circular or rectangular cover, approximately one foot in diameter. If the pool's water pump is operational, it draws water from the pool through a hinged floating chute (which operates from a vertical position at a 90-degree angle to the pool, to prevent leaves and debris from being washed back into the pool by wave action), and down into a removable "skimmer basket", whose purpose is to catch leaves, dead insects and other larger floating debris.
Types
There are different types of skimmers that can be used for different purposes. The most common types of skimmers include:
Manual Skimmers: These are basic skimmers that consist of a strong net strung on the end of a long pole. They are used to remove waste and pollutants from the surface of the water.
Automatic Skimmers: These are the most common variety of skimmers and the one you will most likely see running in any given pool. They are installed at surface level and are designed to remove debris and contaminants from the surface of the water.
Standalone Skimmers: These skimmers are designed to be used in conjunction with a pump and filter system. They are installed at surface level and are designed to remove debris and contaminants from the surface of the water
Oil and grease on the surface
The density of fresh water is 1,000 kilograms per cubic meter, while the density of seawater varies between 1,020 and 1,030 kilograms per cubic meter. Oil is less dense than fresh water and seawater, so it floats in both types of water, but due to the difference in density the oil and fat particles, dispersed in the water, will reach the surface more quickly in a saltwater or seawater pool, being in both cases, "the only possible means" to remove them, to recirculate the water surface through skimmers .
Liu Zhenhua

Liu Zhenhua (; 8 July 1921 - 11 July 2018) was a Chinese People's Liberation Army general (shang jiang) and politician. He was born in Tai'an, Shandong Province. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1938.
Liu fought in the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese Civil War and Korean War. He was a member of the 9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and a delegate to the 8th National People's Congress. In 1964, he was promoted to major general. He was Ambassador of China to Albania from 1971 to 1976.
Liu died in Beijing on 11 July 2018 at the age of 97.
Granita

Granita also known as granita siciliana is a semi-frozen dessert made from sugar, water and various flavorings. Originally from sicily, it is available throughout italy in various forms. it is related to sorbet and Italian ice; however, in most of sicily, it has a smoother, and more crystalline texture.
Andrés Junquera

Andres Avelino Zapico Junquera (23 April 1946 - 6 May 2019) was a Spanish professional footballer. He played as a goalkeeper.
Junquera was born in La Felguera. He played for Langreo, Real Madrid and Zaragoza. He won many honours with Real Madrid. Trophies he won during his time at the club include five La Liga titles, three Copa del Rey and the Ricardo Zamora Trophy in the 1967-68 season. He retired due to injury in 1978, at the age of 32.
Junquera died of a heart attack on 6 May 2019 in Riano, Asturias. He was 73.
Bipalium

Bipalium is a genus of large predatory land planarians. They are often called "hammerhead worms" or "broadhead planarians" because of their head shape. Several species are considered as invasive to the United States and Europe. Some studies have been done on the evolution and ecology in these planarians.
The name Bipalium comes from Latin bi-, "two" + pala, "shovel" or "spade". This is because their heads look like a pickaxe.
Species
The genus Bipalium currently has the following species:
Bipalium adensameri
Bipalium admarginatum
Bipalium adventitium
Bipalium albo-coeruleus
Bipalium alternans
Bipalium bengalensis
Bipalium bergendali
Bipalium bimaculatum
Bipalium chhatarpurensis
Bipalium choristosperma
Bipalium costaricensis
Bipalium crassatrium
Bipalium distinguendum
Bipalium dubium
Bipalium fuscatum
Bipalium fuscolineatum
Bipalium gestroi
Bipalium glandiantrum
Bipalium glandulosa
Bipalium glaucum
Bipalium gracilis
Bipalium graffi
Bipalium haberlandti
Bipalium hilgendorfi
Bipalium interruptum
Bipalium janseni
Bipalium javanum
Bipalium kaburakii
Bipalium katoi
Bipalium kewense
Bipalium kisoense
Bipalium kraepelini
Bipalium manubriatum
Bipalium marginatum
Bipalium mjobergi
Bipalium mondimentum
Bipalium monolineatum
Bipalium moseleyi
Bipalium muninense
Bipalium myadenosium
Bipalium nigrum
Bipalium nobile
Bipalium ochroleucum
Bipalium pennsylvanicum
Bipalium penrissenicum
Bipalium penzigi
Bipalium persephone
Bipalium poiense
Bipalium rigaudi
Bipalium robiginosum
Bipalium semperi
Bipalium simrothi
Bipalium strubelli
Bipalium sudzukii
Bipalium sylvestre
Bipalium tetsuyai
Bipalium unistriatus
Bipalium univittatum
Bipalium vagum
Bipalium virile
Bipalium weismanni
Bipalium wiesneri
Feeding habits
Bipalium species are predatory. Some species eat earthworms. Others eat mollusks. These flatworms can track their prey. When they eat earthworms, they begin to react to the attack. The flatworm then uses the muscles in its body to attach itself to the earthworm to make it so it can't escape.
Reproduction
Reproduction in Bipalium may be asexual or sexual. All species are hermaphroditic.
B. adventitium reproduces sexually. They make egg capsules which hatch about 3 weeks later. The egg capsules have a tough outside. They usually have multiple children.
B. kewense sometimes are seen using egg capsules as a primary method of reproduction. Asexual reproduction is its main reproductive strategy in temperate climates. Many of them never get sexual organs. Children of this species aren't the same colors as their parents when they are young. This is unlike other species.
Toxicity
In 2014, tetrodotoxin, a very dangerous neurotoxin, was found in B. adventitium and B. kewense. It is the first record of tetrodotoxin in terrestrial invertebrates.
Nieuwsblad van het Noorden

The Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (; "Newspaper of the North") is a former regional daily newspaper from the city of Groningen in the Netherlands. It was published from 1888 to 2002. In 2002, it was merged with the Groninger Dagblad and the Drentse Courant into the Dagblad van het Noorden, which published its first edition on 2 April 2002.
History
The first issue of the Nieuwsblad van het Noorden appeared on 2 June 1888. Until 1997 its offices were in a 1903 Jugendstil building in the Gedempte Zuiderdiep designed by .
During the German occupation in World War II, the Nieuwsblad van het Noorden, like many other Dutch newspapers, published anti-Semitic and pro-German articles. In 1944 they refused to hire a chief editor who was a member of the Dutch National Socialist Movement and publication of the newspaper was suspended. At that time, the Dutch National Socialist movement was the only legal party in the Netherlands. The paper reappeared on 26 January 1946, some time after the liberation of the Netherlands, with a circulation of 35,000 copies.
The Nieuwsblad van het Noorden came under criticism in 2000 with the publication of Het Schandaal (The Scandal) by Johan van Gelder, which threw new light on the newspaper's relationship with the German occupiers. The revelations in the book were in stark contrast to the representations of the two owners, the brothers Nico and Jan Abraham Hazewinkel.
From 2 April 2002 the newspaper was succeeded by the Dagblad van het Noorden, a fusion with the Groninger Dagblad and the Drentse Courant, which had previously been publishing together. All were published at that time by Hazewinkel Pers (Press). The Nieuwsblad van het Noorden published at midday; the other two were morning papers, as is the Dagblad van het Noorden.
Les Écorces

Les Ecorces is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Ultramontanism

Ultranontanism was a movement within the Roman Catholic Church of the 18th and 19th century. It placed strong emphasis on what the pope had to say. The name in composed of ultra ("beyond"), and refered to the fact that the pope at that time was on the other side of the Alps.
Release (music)

In the music industry, a release usually is a creative output from an artist available for sale or distribution. It is a broad term covering the many different forms music can be released in. Music can be released as singles, extended plays or as albums. A popular medium for releases is the Compact Disc (CD).
Musical performers often self-release (self-publish) their recordings without the involvement of an established record label. Some artists or groups who enjoy local or small scale popularity have started their own labels in order to release their music. Others simply sell the music directly to customers. One example is when it is sold at their live concerts. With the growth of the Internet, many musical acts have sold their recordings over the Internet without a record label. Unlike self-publishing a novel, which usually means that publishers did not want to publish it, even well-known musicians will choose to self-release recordings. Music managers are increasingly getting involved in music releases.
The word can also mean the event at which an album or single is first offered for sale. A release is sometimes called an album launch, or single launch.
Covington County, Alabama

Covington County, Alabama, is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2020, 37,570 people lived there. Its county seat is Andalusia.
History
Covington County was formed on December 17, 1821. Its name is in honor of Brigadier General Leonard Covington of Maryland. The county was declared a disaster area in September 1979 due to damage from Hurricane Frederic. It was a disaster area again in October 1995 due to Hurricane Opal.
Geography
According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 99.04%) is land and (or 0.96%) is water.