kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Ragged school

Ragged schools were free schools for poor children's education in nineteenth-century Britain. The London Ragged Schools Union was established in April 1844. They gave free education, food, clothes and other services. The classes were sometimes held in stables, lofts and railway arches. Most teachers were volunteers but there were some who were paid. About 300,000 children went to London ragged schools between 1844 and 1881.
The context
There was no legal structure which supported primary education in England until the second half of the 19th century. There were, however, Church of England schools.
Parliament did not lay down rules for education until 1870, the year of Forster's Education Act (Elementary Education Act of 1870). The Elementary Education Act 1880 (the Mundella Act) made school boards enforce compulsory attendance from 5 to 10 years. Attendance officers might visit the homes of absent (truant) children. Children who were employed needed a certificate to show they had reached the educational standard. Employers of these children who could not show this were penalised.
The 1891 Elementary Education Act provided for the state payment of school fees up to ten shillings per head. This made primary education free. The Elementary Education (School Attendance) Act 1893 raised the school leaving age to 11.
Glencora McGhie

Glencora McGhie (born 8 August 1988) is an Australian water polo player. She was part of the Australian team at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships and 2016 FINA Women's Intercontinental Tournament.
Dear Gorbachev

Caro Gorbachev (internationally released as Dear Gorbachev) is a 1988 Italian drama movie directed by Carlo Lizzani and starring Harvey Keitel, Flaminia Lizzani, Gianluca Favilla.
Ridge

A ridge or a mountain ridge is a landform that consists of a chain of mountains or hills that form lots of peaks for a distance. Ridges are usually called hills or mountains as well.
Bowling

Bowling is a sport where people roll a heavy ball. It was invented centuries ago when grenades were heavy iron balls. Two main kinds of bowling arose. In one kind the bowler rolls a ball near a target and knocks away the ball of another bowler. This kind includes lawn bowling.
In the more common kind nowadays, the bowler rolls the ball down a wooden bowling lane trying to knock down bowling pins. This kind includes ten-pin bowling, which is so commonplace that it is often simply called "bowling". Some people bowl at smaller pins, called "duck pins" or "candle pins" with slightly different rules.
Ten-pin
The usual kind of bowling ball has three holes, where the player puts two fingers and the thumb. The person on the lane swings the ball and lets it go to roll along the lane, attempting to knock down ten wooden pins. If the bowler does not do it right, the ball might not knock all the pins down or might roll into the gutter and hit none. Players take turns rolling their ball down the lane to see who gets the highest score.
Ten-pin bowling scores can be as low as 0 or as high as 300. Players get 10 chances to knock down all of the pins; each chance is called a frame. In each frame, players can try to knock down all of the pins up to two times. Players who do not knock down all of the pins after two tries get up to 9 points for the frame. One point is given for every pin knocked down, if any are knocked down at all. If players are able to knock down all of the pins on the first or second try, they are given 10 points for the frame plus bonus points. Frames in which a player knocks down all of the pins on the first try are scored as a strike. A strike is worth 10 points plus the number of pins knocked down by the player during their next two tries. If players do not score a strike but knock down all remaining on their second try, the frame is scored as a spare. A spare is worth 10 points plus the number of pins knocked down on the next try.
Players who score a strike or spare on their 10th frame are allowed to roll the ball up to two additional times to score their bonus points. This is the only frame where it is possible to get a strike and a spare. It is also possible to roll 3 strikes in this frame.
Broşteni, Suceava

Brosteni is a town in Suceava County in Romania. About 11,900 people live there.
Can't You Hear Me Knocking

"Can't You Hear Me Knocking" is a 1971 song by The Rolling Stones and is the fourth track from their album Sticky Fingers. The track is over seven minutes long and has a bit of blues rock, hard rock and jazz rock thrown into it.
1971 songs
The Rolling Stones songs
Blues rock songs
Hard rock songs
Songs about drugs
Onești

Onesti () is a city in Bacau County, Romania. It has 51,681 people living there. It is a great tourist attraction in the summer.
The Reckoning (1908 movie)

The Reckoning is a 1908 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Harry Solter, Florence Lawrence, and Mack Sennett. The movie is an adaptation of Robert W. Chambers's 1905 novel.
Borage

Borage, also known as starflower, is an annual herb.
The flowers are perfect with five narrow, triangular-pointed petals. Flowers are most often blue in color, although pink flowers are sometimes examined. White flowered types are also grown.
Cooking
As a fresh vegetable, borage, with a cucumber like taste, is often used in salads or as a garnish. The flower, which has the non-toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid thesinine, has a sweet honey-like taste and as one of the few truly blue-colored eatable things, is often used to decorate dessert.
Dick Murphy

Richard M. Murphy (born December 16, 1942) is a former American politician and lawyer. He was the 33rd mayor of San Diego, California from 2000 to 2005.
Rashtrapati Bhavan

Rashtrapati Bhavan (, Bengali: raassttrpti bhbn ; Sanskrit for Presidential House) is the official home of the President of India, located in New Delhi, India. The present president (now Ram Nath Kovind) stays there.
Nort-Leulinghem

Nort-Leulinghem is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Juan Garcia Oliver

Juan Garcia Oliver (January 20, 1901 in Reus, Baix Camp, Spain; died July 13, 1980 in Guadalajara, Mexico) was a Spanish Anarcho-syndicalist revolutionary, and a leading figure in the history of anarchism in Spain.
Károly Németh (politician)

Karoly Nemeth (14 December 1922 - 12 March 2008) was a Hungarian politician born in Paka. He served as the chairman of the Hungarian Presidential Council from 25 June 1987 to 29 June 1988.
Humayun's Tomb

Humayun's tomb (Hindustani: Maqbara-i Humayun) is the tomb of the Mughal Emperor Humayun in Delhi, India. The tomb was commissioned by Humayun's first wife and chief consort, Empress Bega Begum (also known as Haji Begum), in 1569-70, and designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and his son, Sayyid Muhammad, Persian architects chosen by her. The tomb was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.
Alexander Frei

Alexander Frei (born 15 July 1979) is a Swiss football player. He plays for Basel and the Switzerland national team.
Mervyn Peake

Mervyn Peake (9 July 1911 - 17 November 1968) was a British writer and artist, best known for his fantasy series, Gormenghast.
Söğüt

a Seljuk-Turk town in western Anatolia that later gave birth to the Ottoman Empire
Settlements in Turkey
Marmara Region
Bismuth(III) oxide

Bismuth(III) oxide, also known as bismite and bismuth trioxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Bi2O3. It has bismuth and oxide ions in it. The bismuth is in its +3 oxidation state.
Properties
Bismuth(III) oxide is a pale yellow solid. It does not dissolve in water. It dissolves in acids to make other bismuth(III) salts. When it is electrolyzed, it makes a bright red solid, bismuth(V) oxide. It has several different crystal structures that have been studied. It reacts with rare earth metal oxides and the products are being studied.
Occurrence
Bismite is the mineral form of bismuth(III) oxide. It is an ore of bismuth. Its Mohs hardness is 4.5 to 5 and its specific gravity is quite high, around 8 or 9. It is made when bismuthinite is oxidized. It was first found in Nevada in 1868.
Preparation
It can be made by reacting sodium hydroxide with a bismuth(III) salt such as bismuth(III) chloride. It can also be made by igniting powdered bismuth metal. Another way of making it is to react bismuth nitrate (made by dissolving bismuth in nitric acid) with concentrated sodium hydroxide.
Uses
Bismuth(III) oxide is used in pyrotechnics to make fireworks that burn with an effect called "dragon's eggs". Lead(II,IV) oxide was used for this in the past, but now is considered too toxic to use. It is also used in research and the making of other bismuth compounds.
Rejuvenation

Rejuvenation is the reversal of ageing.
Approach
Ageing is the accumulation of cellular and molecular damage on the body. If this damage can be repaired, it is rejuvenation.
The SENS Research Foundation founded by Aubrey de Grey classified seven types of damages that lead to ageing. The organization also proposed strategies for repairing these (Strategies for engineered negligible senescence).
Prince Charles stream tree frog

The Prince Charles stream tree frog (Hyloscirtus princecharlesi) is a frog. It lives in Ecuador. Scientists have seen it 2794 meters above sea level. They saw it in exactly one place, in a cloud forest.
This frog is about 68.1-70.5 mm long from nose to rear end. This frog is black with orange spots. The iris of the eye is gray in color.
The tadpoles are brown on color with small whitish marks. The iris of the eye is blue with some green-lavender color and white marks. The belly is red-brown on color. It is darker brown toward the tail. There are whitish spots. The tail is brown near the body and lighter near the end. Later, the tadpole changes color to gray.
This frog is in danger because human beings change the places where it lives. Human beings cut down trees to get wood to build with and make a place for animals to eat grass. Chemicals that kill pests may also hurt this frog.
The scientists named this frog after then-Prince of Wales, Charles Windsor. They named it after him because he worked to protect habitats in tropical places.
Dariusz Michalczewski

Dariusz Tomasz Michalczewski (May 5, 1968) better known as Tiger is a Polish boxer. He was World Boxing Organization, World Boxing Association, International Boxing Federation and Lineal champion in light heavyweight for nine years. He was undefeated for twelve years.
Michalczewski started his career in 1991. He won the World Boxing Association title against Leeonzer Barber, who was undefeated for 3 years. After that he combined the World Boxing Organization title and the Lineal title. He also won the Wold Boxing Organization title against Nestor Hipolito Giovannini in Cruiserweight. In 1996 he fought against Graciano Rochigani, who was one of the best Light Heavyweight boxer at this time. Michalchewski won at round 7. He combined the World Boxing Organization, World Boxing Association, International Boxing Federation and Lineal after a win against Virgil Hill, who was one of the world's best boxers at that time. In 2000 he fought the second time against Graciano Rocchigani. He won the fight in the tenth round by knockout. After the fight against Derrick Harmon, he needed one win to stop the record of Rocky Marciano, who was undefeated for 49 fights in a row. In his fortyninth fight, he fought in the Color Line Arena, Hamburg against Julio Cesar Gonzalez. Michalchewski wasn't trained and lost by split decision. In 2005 he made a comeback against the World Boxing Association Champion Fabrice Tiozzo. He lost the fight by knockout in round five. After that, he said that he never will fight again. In his best time, he counted with Roy Jones Junior as the best light heavyweight fighter of all time.
Banana split

A banana split is a type of dessert. It is made with ice cream, sliced bananas, and usually toppings. The toppings often include flavored sauces, whipped cream, nuts, and most notably a cherry on top of the dessert.
One banana split has 893 calories.
History
There are a few different stories about the first banana split. People in Chicago, Illinois; Cincinnati, Ohio; and Wilmington, Ohio say that the first banana split was made in their city. However, most people say that David "Doc" Strickler made the first banana split in the city of Latrobe, Pennsylvania in 1904. He sold the first banana splits for ten cents. Many students at St. Vincent College, a school in Latrobe, liked the banana splits and told their friends in other cities about them. After a few years, the banana split was popular in many cities in the United States.
Le Mesnil-Germain

Le Mesnil-Germain is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.
Westhalten

Westhalten is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
The D18BIS and D5 roads pass through Westhalten.
Sheffield Wednesday F.C.

Sheffield Wednesday F.C. is an English football club. They are based in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. They play their home matches at a stadium called Hillsborough Stadium. They originally played at a stadium called Olive Grove Stadium and were called The Wednesday.
The club plays in the English Football League Championship.
Fans of Sheffield Wednesday are referred to as Owls. The team's symbol is an owl.
Londonderry

Derry is the second largest city in Northern Ireland (after Belfast) and the fourth largest city on the island of Ireland (after Dublin, Belfast and Cork. The population is about 100,000. The city was founded in 542. It has old city walls which are still complete. The city is in County Londonderry, near the border with the Republic of Ireland's County Donegal.
History
The city was originally called Doire (pronounced duhruh) which is an Irish word for a group of oak trees. In English, this word became "Derry". After the Ulster Plantations, the London Companies gave money for the building of the Port and Walls in Derry.
In 1984 the city council changed the name of the local government area back to its original title of Derry but the city's official name is still Londonderry.
People from the Republic of Ireland call the city Derry. Many people (mostly Catholics/republicans) from Northern Ireland also call it Derry. Many people from Northern Ireland who want Northern Ireland to stay in the UK call the city Londonderry.
Halloween II (2009 movie)

Halloween II is a slasher movie. It is a sequel to the 2007 remake. The 2009 movie is a continuation of the 2007 remake and goes forward by one year. In the movie, Michael Myers continues his search for Laurie Strode so he can reunite with his sister. This movie got negative reviews from critics when it was released.
List of Ultras of Canada

Any mountain that as a topographic prominence of or more is known as an Ultra. There are 143 mountains in Canada that qualify as ultras. This is a sort-able list of them.
Birol Ünel

Birol Unel (18 August 1961 - 3 September 2020) was a Turkish-born German actor. He was born in Mersin, Turkey. His first movie roles was in the 1988 German drama movie The Passenger - Welcome to Germany. He later became known for starring in In July (2000), Head-On (2004), Transylvania (2006), and in Soul Kitchen (2009).
Unel, suffering from alcoholism, was hospitalized in August 2020. He died a few weeks later from liver cancer in Berlin, aged 59.
Ruillé-le-Gravelais

Ruille-le-Gravelais is a former commune of 619 people (1999). It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in northwest France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Loiron-Ruille.
Almohad

The Almohad Caliphate (From Arabic al-Muwahhidun, i.e., "the monotheists" or "the Unitarians"), was a Sunni Muslim empire that was founded in the 12th century, and conquered all of northern Africa as far as Libya, together with Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia).
History
Between 1130 and his death in 1163, Abd al-Mu'min al-Kumi, a Berber from the Masmuda tribe, defeated the ruling Almoravids and became ruler over all northern Africa as far as Libya. He became Emir of Marrakech in 1149 and conquered Al-Andalus, Moorish Iberia. In 1170 the Almohads transferred their capital to Seville. But by 1212 Muhammad III, "al-Nasir" (1199-1214) was defeated by an alliance of the four Christian princes of Castile, Aragon, Kingdom of Navarre and Portugal, at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in the Sierra Morena. The Almohads lost nearly all of the Moorish dominions in Iberia soon after. The great Moorish cities of Cordoba and Seville fell into Christian possession in the first half of the 13th century. The Almohads continued to rule in Africa for some time, but they lost a lot of their territory. The last representative of the line, Idris II, had only Marrakech left. There he was murdered by a slave in 1269.
Muwahhadi (Almohad) Caliphs,1121-1269
Ibn Tumart 1121-1130
Abd al-Mu'min 1130-1163
Abu Ya'qub Yusuf I 1163-1184
Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur 1184-1199
Muhammad an-Nasir 1199-1213
Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II 1213-1224
Abd al-Wahid I 1224
Abdallah al-Adil 1224-1227
Yahya 1227-1235
Idris I 1227-1232
Abdul-Wahid II 1232-1242
Ali 1242-1248
Umar 1248-1266
Idris II 1266-1269
Culture
Sufi writers.
Nivala

Nivala is a city in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 10,950 people lived there. Nearby municipalities are Haapajarvi, Haapavesi, Sievi and Ylivieska. The historical name of Nivala is Pidisjarvi.
Papallacta tree frog

The Papallacta tree frog (Hyloscirtus psarolaimus) is a frog. It lives on the east site of the Cordillera Oriental in Colombia and Ecuador. Scientists have seen it between 1950 and 2660 meters above sea level.
The adult male frog is about 55.0 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 60.2 mm long. The skin on the frog's back is gray-brown in color with brown and white spots. The sides and parts of the legs are white with dark brown stripes. The throat and belly are gray-white with brown and gray spots. The iris of the eye is the color of bronze with black lines in it.
This frog's scientific name comes from the Greek language word psaros for "mottled" and laimos for "throat." It comes from the colors on the frog's throat.
Skumin

Skumin ( is a Lithuanian, Polish and Russian masculine nobleman surname, its feminine counterpart is Skumina.
Notable people with the surname
Alexander Skumin (1748-1775), statesman of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Andrew N. Skumin (1909-1984), the Colonel of Justice, WWII Veteran, an officer of KGB, Chairman of the Military Tribunal of the Internal Internal Troops of the Volga Military District
Anna Skumina (1730-1772)
Anthony Skumin (1899-1965), WWI Veteran US Army
Edward A Skumin (1898-1935), WWI Veteran US Army
Ivan Skumin (?-1566)
Janusz Skumin (1570-1642), Polish nobleman and politician
Jerzy Skumin (1596-1656), religious leader and statesman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
John Skumin Sr (1935-2014) was a graduate of Berkshire Community College with an Associate Degree in Criminal Justice. He served in the Massachusetts National Guard.
AeroAndina MXP-158 Embera

The AeroAndina MXP-158 Embera is a Colombian ultralight aircraft that was designed and produced by AeroAndina.
It can fit 2 people and has a Rotax 912 engine.
Muhammad Musa (general)

General Muhammad Musa Khan Hazara (October 20, 1908 - March 12, 1991) was a military personnel and politician in Pakistan. He was the fourth Commander in Chief of Pakistan Army from 1966 to 1969.
He was the eldest son of Sardar Yazdan Khan, born in a Hazara family of Quetta, British India, in 1908. He died in 12 March 1991 in office as Governor of Balochistan.
Don't Break the Oath

Don't Break the Oath is the second studio album by Mercyful Fate, a heavy metal band from Denmark. Some people who make music and people who talk about music think it is one of the best heavy metal albums ever.
History
In the 1980s, there were a lot of bands in Europe playing heavy metal. Many of them were playing music like bands from the United Kingdom, in a way that was called the New Wave of British Heavy Metal (or NWOBHM for short). There were a lot of hard rock bands, too, and there were a lot of things hard rock bands and NWOBHM bands both did. Mercyful Fate was one of the first few NWOBHM bands to be different from hard rock bands on purpose.
King Diamond, the singer and leader of Mercyful Fate, painted his face with upside-down crosses and wrote lyrics about Satan, Hell, and things like that. Hank Shermann, the band's guitarist, played very fast and with a lot of guitar solos to help make the band sound evil. Mercyful Fate had already started to do these things in 1983 with their last album, Melissa.
Sound
How they played their instruments
Hank Shermann and Michael Denner wrote the songs in a way that fit well with King Diamond's singing. Like on Melissa, King Diamond sang in a high-pitched way that was different from other heavy metal singers.
What the songs are about
All of the ideas in all of the songs are evil. They talk about things like bringing back people from the dead, casting black magic, and witches and demons. Worshipping Satan is a special subject, and is talked about on almost every song.
La Tour, Alpes-Maritimes

La Tour, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Moxico Province

Moxico is the largest province of Angola. There are about 230,000 people. Luena is the capital of the province. The Cameia National Park is located in Moxico.
Leventina District

Leventina is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital city of the district is Faido.
Chazeaux

Chazeaux is a commune of the Ardeche departement in the southern part of France.
Liu Zhaowu

Liu Zhaowu is an archer from China. He was born on 12 October 1988 in Fujian. Zhaowu competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Pragathi Guruprasad

Pragathi Guruprasad is a Singaporean-born American singer who has worked in Tamil language movies. She was born in Fremont, California. She finished as a runner-up in the third season of the reality-based singing competition Airtel Super Singer Junior in 2012.
Peter Whittingham

Peter Michael Whittingham (8 September 1984 - 19 March 2020) was an English professional footballer. His primary position was as a central midfielder.
He was part of the Aston Villa team that won the FA Youth Cup in 2002, and a year later he made his Premier League debut. Whittingham had loans at Championship clubs Burnley and Derby County in 2005. In January 2007, he signed for Cardiff City for a fee of PS350,000.
In eleven seasons at Cardiff, Whittingham played 457 competitive matches and scored 96 goals, putting him seventh all-time appearances list.
Whittingham died on 19 March 2020, aged 35, at a Cardiff hospital, after suffering a head injury three days before.
Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua)

Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba (1475 ? - 1526) is usually reputed as the founder of Nicaragua, and in fact he founded two important Nicaraguan cities, Granada and Leon.
Elizabeth Lee (politician)

Elizabeth Lee is a South Korean-born Australian politician. She has served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly and the leader of the Canberra Liberals since 2020.
Allan Funk

Allan Eric Funk (born July 7, 1971) is an American professional wrestler. He currently competes in Lucha Libre USA where he competes under the ring name Chi Chi.
He is best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) where he competed under the ring name Kwee Wee and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the name Bruce where he was one-half of The Rainbow Express, a stereotypical homosexual tag team with Lenny Lane.
Saint-Nizier-le-Bouchoux

Saint-Nizier-le-Bouchoux is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall

The Magomayev Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall (Azeri: Maqomayev adina Az@rbaycan Dovl@t Filarmoniyasi) is the main concert hall for classical music and folk music in the capital of Azerbaijan, Baku.
History
The Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall was built between the years 1910-1912 at the request of the city elite and is designed in the Italian Renaissance (outside) and German Rococo (inside) architectural styles. Its design was influenced by the architectural style of the buildings of the Monte-Carlo Casino, particularly the Opera de Monte-Carlo. The building was originally organized as a club for the wealthy of Baku, who attended it for banquets and entertainment. During the Russian Civil War it was a place for public rallies. In 1936, the club was officially reorganized into a residence for the philharmonic society aimed at promoting Azerbaijani classical and folk music. On 11 August 1937 after the building was renovated, it was named after the Azerbaijani composer Muslim Magomayev. In 1995, the hall was closed down for more than 8 years for another renovation. It was not until November 2002 that the restoration works finally started due to President Heydar Aliyev's special decree. The opening of the fully renovated building happened on 27 January 2004.
Scottish Gaelic language

Scottish Gaelic (Gaidhlig, pronounced "Gah-lick") is a Celtic language. It is commonly called just Scots Gaelic in Scottish English. It is a sister language of Irish Gaelic and Manx Gaelic; all three are Goidelic languages. These are related to the Welsh language, Cornish language and the Breton language (these three are Brittonic or Brythonic languages).
History
In past times, the Scottish Gaelic was spoken across all of Scotland except for the Northern Islands (Orkney and Shetland). In the later part of the Middle Ages, the kings of Scotland began to speak Scottish English and looked down on the Scottish Gaelic. After the union of England and Scotland, the Scottish Gaelic was snubbed and looked down on even more, and Scottish English took over.
Today
Scottish Gaelic today is basically spoken in the Outer Hebrides and on Skye. Generally speaking, the Scottish Gaelic spoken across the Western Isles is similar enough to be classed as one major dialect group, but there is some regional variation.
A census in the United Kingdom in 2001 showed that a total of 58,652 (1.2% of the Scottish population aged over three years old) in Scotland could then speak some amount of Scottish Gaelic. Only the Western Isles have more people who can speak the Scottish Gaelic than not (61% of the people there speak Scottish Gaelic). The place in Scotland with the largest percentage of speakers is a village called Barvas on the Isle of Lewis, where, 74.7% of the people there speak Scottish Gaelic.
Children in Scotland do not have to learn Scottish Gaelic in schools, but it is becoming a more popular subject as Scottish Gaelic is an important part of their Scottish culture.
Scottish Gaelic is also used overseas. It is estimated that 1,000-2,000 in Nova Scotia, Canada, can speak some Scottish Gaelic.
Mary Rowlandson

Mary (White) Rowlandson, later Mary Talcott (c. 1637January 5, 1711) was a colonial American woman. She was captured by Indians during King Philip's War. She was held in captivity for three months before being ransomed. Six years after her ordeal, she wrote The Sovereignty and Goodness of God: Being a Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson. It was published in 1682. This text is considered an American leader in the literary genre of captivity narratives. It went through four printings in 1682. It was widely read in colonial New England and in England. It is considered the first American "bestseller."
Early years
Mary White was born about 1637 in Somersetshire, England. The family left England sometime before 1650. They settled at Salem in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1653, they moved to Lancaster, Massachusetts. Lancaster was on the Massachusetts frontier. She married Reverend Joseph Rowlandson there in 1656. They had four children between 1658 and 1669. Their first daughter died young.
Indian attack
At sunrise in February 1676 during King Philip's War, Lancaster was attacked by Narragansett, Wampanoag and Nipmuc Indians. They killed 13 people. At least 24 were taken captive. Many of the captives were injured. Rowlandson and her three children, Joseph, Mary, and Sarah, were among those taken in the raid. Rowlandson's 6-year-old daughter, Sarah, died from her wounds after a week of captivity. For nearly three months, Rowlandson and her children were forced to stay with the Indians. The Indians travelled through the wilderness to carry out other raids. They also wanted to hide from the English militia. Rowlandson suffered very much. She described her sufferings in great detail in her book.
Ransom and later life
On May 2, 1676, Rowlandson was ransomed for PS20. The money was raised by the women of Boston. In 1677, Reverend Rowlandson moved his family to Wethersfield, Connecticut. He became pastor in April of that year. He died in Wethersfield in November 1678. Church officials gave his widow a pension of PS30 per year. Rowlandson and her children moved to Boston. On August 6, 1679, Rowlandson married Captain Samuel Talcott and took his last name. She died on January 5, 1711. Rowlandson is thought to have written the story of her captivity in Boston. The original manuscript has not survived. It was published both in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and in London in 1682.
Lünen

Lunen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. 88,000 people live there. Lunen has got two important football clubs: Luner SV and BV Brambauer. Luner SV is playing in the "Bezirksliga (8. league), but in 1963 the club achieved his greatest aim. They got Champion of Westphalia.
Tamil Wikipedia

The Tamil Wikipedia () is the Tamil-language version of Wikipedia. It was started in September 2003. As of March 2017, it has over 91,000 articles.
Alexei Panshin

Alexei Panshin (August 14, 1940 - August 21, 2022) was an American writer. He wrote the 1968 Nebula Award-winning novel Rite of Passage and the 1990 Hugo Award-winning study of science fiction The World Beyond the Hill. Panshin was born in Lansing, Michigan. He was also a well known critic of science fiction novels.
Panshin died on August 21, 2022, one week after his 82nd birthday.
Magnitude

Magnitude could mean:
Magnitude (mathematics), a measure of the size of a mathematical object.
Armeau

Armeau is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Namesake

A namesake is a person named after another person. In general, a thing (such as a company, place, ship, building, or idea) named after a person or thing that first had the name.
Family
Naming a child after a relative, friend, or well-known person is common in the English-speaking world. When a son is named for his father, they add "Jr."/"II", "III'", or another suffix to the name of the son.
Concepts
Buildings, such as the Trump Tower (named after Donald Trump, and companies, like the Ford Motor Company (named after Henry Ford, are often named for their founders or owners. A city may be named after someone. For example, Lawrence, Kansas is named after Amos Adams Lawrence.
Lärbro

Larbro is a locality in Gotland Municipality in Gotland County in Sweden. In 2010, 484 people lived there. It is located in the north approximately away from Slite. The place had train connection with Visby between 1921 and 1960. One sight of the place is the medieval Larbro Church..
Juan Vital Sourrouille

Juan Vital Sourrouille (13 August 1940 - 21 July 2021) was an Argentine economist and politician. Sourrouille was born in Buenos Aires. He was the Minister of Economy of Argentina during the government of Raul Alfonsin from 1985 until 1989. He created the Austral plan.
Sourrouille died on 21 July 2021 in Buenos Aires from colorectal cancer, aged 80.
Raoul Walsh

Raoul A. Walsh (March 11, 1887December 31, 1980) was an American film director and actor. He also founded the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He was known for playing the part of John Wilkes Booth in the movie The Birth of a Nation (1915). He also directed films like The Big Trail (1930) starring John Wayne, High Sierra (1941) starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart, and White Heat (1949) with James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien.
Death
Walsh died on December 31,1980 and is buried in Ventura County, California.
Kauffenheim

Kauffenheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Donald Trump Jr.

Donald John "Don" Trump Jr. (born December 31, 1977) is an American businessman and former reality TV personality. He is the oldest child of real estate developer and President of the United States, Donald Trump, and his first wife, Czech model Ivana Trump. He works alongside his brother Eric as a trustee of The Trump Organization. A longtime company Executive VP, in his trustee role he and his brother ran the company during his father's presidency.
He wrote two books: Triggered in 2019 and Liberal Privilege in 2020.
On February 12, 2018, Donald Trump Jr's wife Vanessa opened mail with white powder in it, so she was rushed to hospital as a precaution.
Hurricane Maria

Hurricane Maria was a hurricane of notable status that began in the Atlantic Ocean. It was part of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. The most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017. Maria was the 13th named storm and 8th hurricane of the season.
Originated from easterly waves off the west coast of Africa. Maria became a tropical storm east of the Lesser Antilles on September 16 and quickly intensified to Category 5 before making landfall in Dominica on September 18.
The World Meteorological Organization retired the Maria name in April 2018, replacing it with Margot for the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season, due to the large number of deaths and destruction in Puerto Rico.
Meteorological history
On September 12, originated from a tropical wave that left the west coast of Africa. It then began to develop and become more organized moving westward. On September 16, it became a tropical depression and was 580 miles (930 km) east of Barbados. The storm quickly became more tropical. It became a tropical storm the same day in 84 degF (29 degC) waters, in favorable conditions of the 80 degF (26.5 degC) that tropical storms usually require.
After becoming a tropical storm, it had an eye, a clear opening at the center of the storm. 6 hours later since becoming a tropical storm, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) named it Tropical Storm Maria. On September 17, Maria turned to move west-northwest and quickly becomes a Category 1 hurricane. In just 12 hours, it became a Category 5 hurricane with maximum winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) on September 18.
On the evening of September 19, Maria landed in Dominica and other islands in the Lesser Antilles. Continues to move west-northwestward and into the northeastern Caribbean Sea. Maria weakened slightly to a Category 4 hurricane due to land interaction with Dominica, but soon re-strengthened to a Category 5 hurricane, reaching peak intensity with winds of 175 mph (280 km/h).
Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico on September 20, and the eye of the wind increased significantly before making landfall on the island, resulting in a slightly weakened Category 4 hurricane with maximum winds of 155 mph (250 km/h)
On September 22, Hurricane Maria began to weaken because as wind shear began to erode it. Continues to move north-northwest and the northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands with maximum winds of 126 mph (203 km/h).
On September 25, Maria continues to weaken as it moves along the southeast coast of the United States.
On September 27, Maria weakened to Category 1 with maximum winds of 75 mph (120 km/h), its center moved onto the coast of North Carolina, a few miles southeast of Cape Hatteras, weakened to a tropical storm the following day. Finally, Maria moved rapidly east-northwestward as an extratropical cyclone on September 30, then dissipated in the North Atlantic Ocean 3 days later.
Preparations and impact
On the morning of September 16, the National Hurricane Center issued its first warning that the system would become Tropical Storm Maria. Following the warnings, the government of France, Saint Lucia, and Barbados prepared for the storm.
Franco Graziosi

Franco Graziosi (10 July 1929 - 8 September 2021) was an Italian actor. He was born in Macerata, Italy. He began his career in 1960. He was best known for his roles in The Terrorist, Duck, You Sucker! and We Have a Pope.
Graziosi died on 8 September 2021 in Rome at the age of 92.
Masami Sato

Masami Sato (born 26 August 1981) is a former Japanese football player.
Elsa Cayat

Elsa Cayat () (9 March 1960 - 7 January 2015) was a French psychoanalyst and columnist. She had a biweekly column "Le Divan" ('"The Couch") in Charlie Hebdo. The column was based on facts she hated about society. Cayat was also the author of several works on the couple and sexuality, one with the participation of Antonio Fischetti, physics teacher and researcher.
Cayat died in the January 2015 shooting attack on the Charlie Hebdo newspaper offices in Paris, aged 54.
Paul Romer

Paul Michael Romer (born November 7, 1955) is an American economist. He is known for creating the endogenous growth theory. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2018 alongside William Nordhaus. He was Chief Economist and Senior Vice President of the World Bank until he resigned in January 2018. He had been on leave from his position as professor of economics at the Stern School of Business at New York University. His father is former Governor of Colorado Roy Romer.
Eisenkammer Pirna

The Eisenkammer Pirna was a place in Germany where iron was refined. It existed from 1472 to 1686.
Munir Mangal

Munir Mohamad Mangal (1950 - May 2, 2020) was an Afghan general. His professional military career lasted more than 40 years. Mangal was in high-level military and government positions. He was the Commander of the Afghan National Police, before his retirement in 2016.
Mangal was born in Samkanay District, Paktia Province, Afghanistan, in 1950.
Mangal died from COVID-19 at his home in Kabul on May 2, 2020, at the age of 70.
Natural law

Natural law is the idea that there are forms of law that exist by themselves in nature, regardless of whether people exist or recognise them or not. Unlike other forms of law (called positive laws) that have been agreed on by society, such laws would be given to all, and would not be possible to go against. Such rights are called natural. In modern times, human rights are often seen as coming from natural law, but the idea goes back to Ancient Greece.
Natural law is often founded on the following:
God, who created natural law with creating the world
Logos, an idea from philosophy; this is interpreted to be divine law
Part of natural law inside human beings (called Self-knowledge, sometimes conscience)
Certain laws that can be deduced from the natural sciences
Nature itself
Reason
Important philosophers who developed natural law include Aristotle, Plato, Seneca the Younger, Thomas Aquinas, and Immanuel Kant. People who criticized this approach include Jeremy Bentham and Hans Kelsen.
Danielle Treasure

Danielle Treasure is a swimmer from Barbados. She was born on 3 September 2003. Treasure competed at the 2018 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m), in Hangzhou, China.
Hobyót language

Hobyot is a Semitic language. It is spoken by fewer than 500 people in Eastern Yemen and Western Oman. Hobyot could go extinct soon.
John O'Dowd

John Fitzgerald O'Dowd (born 10 May 1967) is an Irish Sinn Fein politician. He has been the Minister for Infrastructure since 16 May 2022 and the Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly for Upper Bann since 2003. He was the Minister for Education from 2011 to 2016. He was the deputy First Minister in 2011 for a short time.
The Filipino Channel

The Filipino Channel, commonly known as TFC, is a 24-hour global subscription television network based in Daly City, California with studio in Redwood City, California.
Offices
TFC has offices in Africa, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Cayman Islands, UAE, Ethiopia, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Middle East, the Netherlands, New Zealand, South Africa, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and the United Kingdom.
iWantTFC
On 1 September 2020, TFC Online its online streaming merged with iWant made the service accessible worldwide. It was soft launched as iWantTFC.
TFC IPTV
Launched on 30 April 2007, TFC IPTV (formerly known as TFCko) is an IPTV and video on demand (VOD) service distributed around the world under the brand of The Filipino Channel.
List of speakers of the Parliament of Iran

This article lists the speakers of the Parliament of Iran, from the Persian Constitutional Revolution to present.
List of speakers
Speakers and deputies after the Revolution
Source:
Aging speakers
Traditionally, after a new term of the parliament is started and the new speaker is not elected yet, by default the eldest member of the parliament becomes the temporary speaker also known as the "Aging Speaker" (). The second-eldest member becomes his/her deputy. The two youngest members or Baby of the House take office as temporary secretaire.
Annemasse

Annemasse is a commune. It is in Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Haute-Savoie department in southeast France.
It is about east of Geneva.
Camille Gutt

Camille Gutt (born Camille Guttenstein; 14 November 1884 - 7 June 1971) was a Belgian economist, politician, and industrialist. He served as the first Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 6 May 1946 to 5 May 1951. Gutt was responsible for saving the Belgian franc before and after World War II.
Ophidiophobia

Ophidiophobia or ophiophobia is the abnormal fear of snakes. It is sometimes called herpetophobia, which is a fear of reptiles or amphibians. The word comes from the Greek words "ophis" () meaning snake, and "phobia" () meaning fear.
This is a phobia, so it does not include people who do not like snakes or fear them for their venom. A person with ophidiophobia (called an ophidiophobe) not only fears them when in live contact, but is scared to think about them or even see them in video or still pictures.
About a third of adult humans are ophidiophobic, making this the most common reported phobia. Scientists think that mammals may have an innate fear of snakes. This was vital for their survival as it allowed such dangerous threats to be identified immediately.
Beuningen

Beuningen () is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands. It is near the city of Nijmegen. The river Waal is to the north. The other towns in the municipality are: Ewijk, Weurt, and Winssen.
There is a restored windmill in the town, De Haag.
St Nicholas Day

Saint Nicholas Day is the feast day of Saint Nicholas. It is on December 6 (December 19 in most Orthodox countries). It is a festival for children in many countries around Europe related to surviving legends of Saint Nicholas. The American Santa Claus, as well as the British Father Christmas, are based on these legends. "Santa Claus" is based in part from the Dutch Sinterklaas.
Saint Nicholas in different countries travels with different people. He may travel with Angels, Krampus, and others.
Huo Qubing

Huo Qubing (; 140 BC - 117 BC) was a Chinese general of the Han Dynasty under Emperor Wu. He was very good at shooting with his bow on a horse. When he was 18, he was ordered to attack the Xiongnu with 800 cavalry. Finally, his troops killed about 2,000 enemies and kidnapped the imperial officials.
In the spring of 121 BC, Emperor Wu ordered Huo Qubing to invade the Xiongnu with 10,000 cavalry. He occupied 5 cities within 6 days and finally killed 8,000 enemies. In order to fairly eliminate the main force of the Xiongnu, Huo Qubing and Wei Qing led 100,000 cavalry and fought with their enemies in the desert in the spring of 119 BC. Huo Qubing died in Chang'an (present-day Xi'an), the capital of the Han Dynasty, when he was 24.
Den Burg

Den Burg is a village in the municipality of (the island of) Texel. As of 2020, about 7,500 people were living here.
Den Burg is the main town of Texel.
Caribert of Laon

Caribert of Laon, son of Martin of Laon, was the grandfather of Charlemagne. He was the father of Charles's mother, Bertrada of Laon. In 721, he signed, with his mother Bertrada of Prum, the foundation act of the Abbey of Prum. The same year, also with his mother, he made a donation to the Abbey of Echternach. In 744, his daughter Bertrada of Laon (by Bertrada of Cologne) married Pepin the Short, mayor of the palace of Neustria and Burgundy and later king of the Franks. He died before 762.
Calamari

Calamari is squid that is prepared to be eaten. It can be prepared in several ways. Most common is deep frying or sauteing after coating the rings with batter. If deep fried, it is done for less than two minutes to prevent toughness. It is usually served with a dip, mayonnaise or something similar. Calamari is a standard dish in Italian restaurants, served as a starter.
Crofton, Kentucky

Crofton is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Brighton, Michigan

Brighton is a suburb in Metro Detroit in the southeast portion of Livingston County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 7,446.
Schools
Brighton 2 middle schools-Scranton and Maltby. It also has a high school, and a number of elementary schools.
Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII

Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII is a third-person shooter roleplaying video game. It is a sequel to Final Fantasy VII.
Story
Three years after the what happened in Final Fantasy VII, a group of powerful SOLDIERs that nobody had seen before appear, stopping the peace enjoyed by the people of world. The members of this mysterious group are the ones who were trapped under the ruins of Midgar for three years- the Deepground SOLDIERs. The Deepground SOLDIERs want to call forth the final WEAPON, Omega, before it is supposed to be. But to do that, the DGS need Vincent Valentine to lead the way to Omega.
Vincent Valentine is chased by many members of the mysterious group. An chain of events leads Vincent to the truth about his past and forces him to be the leader again in a battle for the planet itself and all those living in it.
Reeve Tuesti, who used to be the Head of Urban Development at Shinra (and the remote controller of Cait Sith), is now the leader of the World Regenesis Organization, which looks after the planet and stops people from hurting it any more. Yuffie Kisaragi is another member of the organization, and several other characters from the original game provide the World Regenesis Organization with more help.
The game begins with a Full Motion Video showing the attack on the town of Kalm by Deepground soldiers. Vincent stops the attack, but encounters Azul and Shelke. Azul and Shelke are members of the Tsviets, Deepground's elite force of supersoldiers.
St Helens

St Helens may refer to:
St Helens, Isle of Wight
St Helens, Merseyside
Mount St. Helens, a volcano in the US state of Washington
Dangerous (Kardinal Offishall song)

Dangerous is a 2008 R&B song by Kardinal Offishall and featured R&B singer Akon. The song was released March 2008 on the radio and April 1, 2008 on iTunes. The song is from Kardinal Offishall's 2008 album, Not 4 Sale.
The song won Single of the Year at the 2009 Juno Awards and was certified 3x Platinum by the CRIA.
Bank of Slovenia

The Bank of Slovenia () is the bank of issue and the central bank of the Slovenia. It is based in Ljubljana and was founded on 25 June 1991.