kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Diego Tristán

Diego Tristan (born 5 January 1976) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Cadiz.
My Son (1928 movie)

My Son () is a 1928 Soviet silent drama movie directed by Yevgeni Chervyakov. It stars Gennadiy Michurin, Anna Sten, and Pyotr Berezov.
Bolazec

Bolazec () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
British Academy

The British Academy is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences.
It was created in 1902 and received its royal charter in the same year.
The academy is a self-governing and independent registered charity, based at 10-11 Carlton House Terrace in London.
The British Academy is funded with an annual grant from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS).
Jadunath Sarkar

Sir Jadunath Sarkar CIE, FRAS (10 December 1870 - 19 May 1958) was an Indian historian known for his expertise on the Mughal dynasty. He received his education in English literature and initially worked as a teacher before shifting his focus to historical research and writing. He had a deep understanding of the Persian language and wrote all of his books in English. Sarkar served as the Vice Chancellor of the University of Calcutta from 1926-1928 and was also a member of the Bengal Legislative Council from 1929-1932. He was knighted by the British government in 1929.
Bio
Sarkar was born in Karachmaria village in Natore, Bengal, and graduated in English from Presidency College, Calcutta in 1891. He went on to top the Master of Arts examination in English at Calcutta University in 1892 and received the Premchand-Roychand Scholarship in 1897. Sarkar began his teaching career as a faculty member of English literature at Ripon College, Calcutta in 1893, and was later appointed at Presidency College, Calcutta in 1898. He taught modern Indian history at Benaras Hindu University from 1917-1919 and both English and history at Ravenshaw College, Cuttack from 1919-1923. Sarkar was appointed as the Vice Chancellor of Calcutta University in 1926 and later joined Madras University as the Sir W. Meyer Lecturer in 1928.
Work
Sarkar's work on the Mughal dynasty was highly regarded in his time, but later faded from public memory with the emergence of Marxist and postcolonial schools of historiography. Academically, his work has been compared to that of the Aligarh historians, who focused on the mansabdari system and gunpowder technology in the Mughal Empire. Sarkar, on the other hand, concentrated on military tactics and sieges.
Achievements
Sarkar was honored by the British government with a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) and was knighted in the 1929 Birthday Honours list. A research center, the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, has been established in his house and includes the Jadunath Bhavan Museum and Resource Centre, a museum-cum-archive of primary sources.
Esther Brand

Esther Cornelia Brand (nee van Heerden; 29 September 1922 - 20 June 2015) was a South African athlete. She was born in Springbok, Northern Cape. She competed in the high jump and won the gold medal for South Africa at the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland.
Brand died after a fall at the age of 92.
Empire State of Mind

"Empire State of Mind" is a song by Jay-Z and Alicia Keys. It was released as the third single from Jay-Z's 11th music album The Blueprint 3 (2009). The song is about New York City, and has a music sample of "Love on a Two-Way Street" (1970) by The Moments. The title of the song takes its name from Billy Joel's "New York State of Mind" (1976).
Charts
Paolo Babbini

Paolo Babbini (19 August 1935 - 25 May 2019) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party (PSI). Babbini served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies for three terms, from 1979 to 1983 and two back-to-back terms from 1987 to 1994. He was born in Bologna. He was a municipal councillor of Bologna for over 25 years.
Babbini died on 25 May 2019 in Bologna, at the age of 83.
Melissa Bettoni

Melissa Bettoni (born 7 May 1991 in Borgosesia) is an Italian rugby union player. She participated at the 2011 Women's Rugby European championship, 2014 Women's Six Nations Championship, 2018 Women's Six Nations Championship, and 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup.
She played for Rennes.
Geretsried

Geretsried (Bavarian: Geretsriad) is a town in Bad Tolz-Wolfratshausen, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
Ralph Ketner

Ralph W. Ketner (September 20, 1920 - May 29, 2016) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was known for being the founder of Food Lion (founded as Food Town). He founded the grocery store chain in the 1950s. During his career, Ketner has given away 35% of his profit to charity.
Ketner was born in Rimertown, North Carolina. He grew up during the Great Depression. He studied at Tri-State College in Angola, Indiana. Ketner is married to Anne Blizzard. They have two children. In March 2016, Ketner was hospitalized and diagnosed with colon cancer. He died on May 29, 2016 in Salisbury, North Carolina from the disease at the age of 95.
Tom Tryon

Thomas Tryon (January 14, 1926 - September 4, 1991) was an American actor and novelist. He is best known for playing the main role in the movie The Cardinal (1963) and starred in The Longest Day (1962) and In Harm's Way (1965).
Pope Innocent VII

Pope Innocent VII (; 1336 - November 6, 1406), born Cosimo de' Migliorati, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 205th Pope from 1404 until his death in 1406.
Early life
Migliorati was born at Sulmona in the Abruzzi region of Italy.
Migliorati studied at Perugia, Padua and Bologna. He taught law at Perugia and Pagua.
Bishop
Pope Urban VI made Migliorati Bishop of Bologna in 1386. He became Archbishop of Ravenna in 1387.
Cardinal
Pope Boniface IX made Migliorati cardinal in 1389.
Pope
Migliorati was elected pope on October 17, 1404; and chose to be called of Innocent VII.
He elevated his nephew as a cardinal Ludovico Migliorati. Cardinal Migliorati had a unique role as cardinal-nephew.
Pope Innocent was involved in Italian and European political disputes.
Western Schism
Innocent VII was pope during the years of the Western Schism, which was a split between factions of the Roman Catholic Church between 1378 and 1417.
During this period, there was more than one who claimed to be the true pope.
Rohanixalus shyamrupus

The hornbill bubble-nest frog, Shyamrup's bush frog, or Shyamrup's bubble-nest frog (Rohanixalus shyamrupus) is a frog. It lives in India in the Namdapha Biosphere Reserve and the Namdapha Tiger Reserve. Scientists think it might also live in Myanmar.
Clayface

Clayface is a series of fictional Batman villains who have the power to turn into any form because he is made out of clay. He has appeared in American comic books published by DC Comics. In most cases, Clayface was an actor Basil Karlo who used a type of skin medicine to help his skin which would later cause him to have the clay appearance.
He was voiced by Ron Perlman in Batman: The Animated Series.
Bila Tserkva

Bila Tserkva (; ) is a city in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. In 2021, 208,737 people lived there.
1898

The year of 1898 was a common year (a year that had 365 days), and began on a Saturday.
Events
January
January 1 - New York City creates the City of Greater New York.
February
February 12 - Henry Lindfield dies in England, and is the first person to die from a car accident.
March
March 24 - Robert Allison of Port Carbon, Pennsylvania becomes the first person to buy a car built in America.
March 26 - The Sabi Game Reserve is created in South America, and becomes the first official game reserve.
April
April 25 - The United States declares war on Spain.
June
June 12 - The Republic of the Philippines declares official independence from Spain during the Spanish-American War.
Sultanate of Rum

The Sultanate of Rum was a Sunni Muslim kingdom in Anatolia, founded by Suleyman I of Rum of the Seljuk dynasty, from 1077 to 1308. Suleyman was a Muslim Turkoman ruler in Anatolia. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum Collapsed In 1308, Some time after The Mongol Invasion. After its collapse, many Beyliks were founded in Anatolia under the early time of the Ottoman Empire.
The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum was formed in 1077, when the Seljuks defeated the Byzantine Empire and started to conquer their territories in Anatolia. This occurred after the Battle of Manzikert resulted in a Byzantine defeat in 1071 and the Seljuk Muslim tribes of Anatolia conquered large parts of Anatolia and formed their own Beyliks. The Seljuks set up the Sultanate of Rum in Anatolia in 1077. It was formed on conquered Byzantine territory. Later, the Seljuk Empire would Fall, after that the Seljuk sultanate of Rum was mostly called "Seljuk Sultanate". This sultanate propagated the Islamization of Anatolia through the influx of several Turkoman tribes into regions of Anatolia which were earlier conquered from the Christian Byzantine Empire.
LGBT rights in Azerbaijan

2000 saw the abolishment of the Azerbaijani law forbidding homosexual interactions (gay sex). A special edition of Azerbaijan, the official newspaper of the Parliament, published on 28 May, reported that the Parliament had approved a new Criminal Code, and that the President had signed a decree bringing it into force in September. The text of the new Criminal Code was also published. From this it is clear that the old Article 113 (inherited from the Soviet era, and which punished anal sex between men with three years imprisonment) has been replaced with a new Article 150, which bans only forcible sexual acts.
Modern times
When Azerbaijan became part of USSR, despite in Lenin-era of Soviet Russia homosexuality was not banned, it remained as crime in Azerbaijan. As the homosexuality was most widespread in Azerbaijan, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan and Georgia, the legislation on persecution of homosexuals remained in force in 1920's.
After the independence of Azerbaijan in 1991, homosexual acts were legalized in 2000. The official newspaper of the Parliament, published on 28 May 2000, reported that the Parliament had approved a new criminal code, and that the President had signed a decree bringing it into force in September. The old Article 113 (inherited from the Soviet era, and which punished anal sex between men with three years imprisonment) has been replaced with a new Article 150, which bans only forcible sexual acts.
Although homosexual acts between consenting male adults were officially decriminalized, reports about police abuses against gays, mainly male prostitutes, persisted during the last year. While complaining of the violence against them, the victims preferred to remain anonymous fearing retaliation on the part of police." (2001 Report of the International Helsinki Federation).
State-controlled media outlets use homosexuality as a tool to harass and discredit critics of the government and opposition journalist.
Kristina Clonan

Kristina Clonan is an racing cyclist from Australia. Clonan rode at the 2017 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
Vanda

Vanda is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae).
It is one of the most important orchids, with about fifty species. The genus is very highly prized in horticulture for its showy, fragrant, long lasting, and intensely colorful flowers.
Vanda is widespread across East Asia, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea, with a few species extending into Queensland and some of the islands of the western Pacific. The genus is sometimes abbreviated as V. in the flower trade.
It belongs to angiosperm.
Chumar

Chumar is a place in the provences of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The area is claimed by both China and India. According to China's Ministry of Defence "the two countries' border, to this day, has not been designated". The problem is that for centuries, the sparsely inhabited mountainous region existed as a buffer zone between empires. A border war broke out in 1962 that has to date killed thousands of soldiers. The tension between the two countries has come and gone but is now raised again.
Lucknow division

Lucknow () is a division of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Bill Stephen

William Stephen (1 April 1928 - 24 August 2020) was an Australian rules footballer. He played with Fitzroy Football Club. He also coached Fitzroy and Essendon. He was born in Sydney. Stephens was captain / coach of Yarrawonga in the Ovens & Murray Football League from 1958 to 1963, then was their non playing coach in 1964.
Stephen died on 24 August 2020 at the age of 92.
Playing card

Playing cards is the name for the 52 cards used in card games like poker, bridge, blackjack, solitaire and other games.
There are 52 basic cards in a deck (not including the jokers). These cards have a suit and a number (called the value or rank). There are 4 suits and 13 ranks in each suit. Decks may include a wide variety of regional and national patterns, and different deck sizes. The English pattern of cards is so widespread that it is often also known as the International or Anglo-American pattern.
Suits
Usual signs: spades (♠️), hearts (♥️), diamonds (♦️), clubs (♣️).
In some countries different suit signs may be used. In central Europe, there are cards with the suit signs of acorns, leaves, hearts, and bells. In Spain, Italy and Latin America, there are playing cards with the suits of clubs, swords, cups, and coins and Aces
Values
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jack or Knave (J), Queen (Q), King (K), Ace (A).
Number of cards
For many games, the Jokers are removed from the deck, making the total number of cards in the deck 52. Sometimes the deck is reduced to 40, 36, or 32 cards for playing certain games, like belote, sheepshead or euchre.
Tarot cards
There are various types of tarot cards. Tarots are commonly used for fortune-telling, although they can also be used for playing games. Conversely, people have also used standard playing cards for fortune-telling.
History
Playing cards have been found in 9th century China, Tang dynasty.
Playing cards first entered Europe in the early 14th century, probably from Egypt. The suits were very similar to the tarot suits of Swords, Staves, Cups and Coins. These designs are still used in traditional Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese card decks.
The first documentary evidence is from Vitoria-Gasteiz (now Spain) in 1334, in which the Knights of the Band are forbidden to play cards. The next record is from Catalonia in 1371.
Wide use of playing cards in Europe can be traced from 1377 onwards.
Manufacture
The method of making cards has stayed the same for over a century. Cards are two thin pieces of paper stuck together with black paste. Both outer sides are printed. Inside is the design of the card face, the outer is the design for the pack as a whole. The black paste is essential to prevent sight of the face coming through when light shines on the face side. The use of the paste is the reason cards are sometimes called "pasteboards".
One or two packs at a time are printed on large sheets of paper, already pasted. The individual cards are stamped out by a machine which acts like a cookie-cutter. It cuts 36,000 cards per hour. A tiny fraction of a second later the edges of the cards are squashed extra-thin. This is not obvious to the naked eye, but the effect is that the cards slide easily past each other during shuffling.
Printed paper cards hold about 97.5% of the world market. Plastic cards do exist: they were first invented in the 1930s. They last longer than papercards, but have only 2.5% of the market.
Rattini

Rattini is a very diverse tribe of muroid rodents in the subfamily Murinae. They are found around Asia and Australasia, with a few species in Europe and northern Africa. The most well-known members of this group are the true rats (genus Rattus), seen worldwide.
Marcio dos Santos Silva

Marcio dos Santos Silva (born February 5, 1969) is a former Brazilian football player.
Teton County, Wyoming

Teton County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 census, 21,294 people lived there. Its county seat is Jackson.
Kamal Lohani

Kamal Lohani (26 June 1934 - 20 June 2020) was a Bangladeshi journalist. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2015 by the Government of Bangladesh. He was the director general of Shilpakala Academy from April 2009 until April 2011.
Lohani got his first job as a journalist in the Daily Millat in 1955. He joined as a secretary at Chhayanaut in 1962. He formed a left cultural organization - Kranti in 1967.
Lohani died on 20 June 2020 from COVID-19 in Dhaka, aged 85.
Norra Bro

Norra Bro is a locality in Orebro Municipality in Orebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 687 people lived there.
Sword Art Online

(also known as SAO) is a 2009 Japanese light novel series written by Reki Kawahara and illustrated by abec. The series is about many virtual reality video game worlds.
Sword Art Online was commercially successful. According to Oricon, SAO was the top selling light novel series of 2012. More than 16 million copies of the light novel has been printed. The novel was later acted into a Japanese Anime.
An anime television series titled Sword Art Online aired in Japan between July and December 2012. It was produced by A-1 Pictures. Its second season called Sword Art Online II aired between July and December 2014. The third season of the anime titled Sword Art Online: Alicization premiered on October 7, 2018.
Ritchie Neville

Richard Neville Dobson known professionally as Ritchie Neville (born 23 August, 1979, in Solihull, Birmingham, England) is an English singer. He is best known for being a member of UK boy band Five. Neville attended the private Bromsgrove School in Worcestershire and was taught by Mike Perry.
Carthage

Carthage was an ancient city-state in what is now Tunisia. It began as a Phoenician colony. At the height of its power, Carthage was the most important power in the Mediterranean and controlled parts of Spain, as well as Sicily, North Africa, and Sardinia.
The Roman Republic destroyed Carthage during the Punic Wars of the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC. In later centuries, Rome started a colony in the same place that became an important city of Africa Province. Eventually, the Vandals conquered the city and used it to attack Rome.
Punic Wars
Carthage was a rival in the western Mediterranean for the Roman Republic, which wanted to take over the whole region. Carthage was a large obstacle and so in 264 BC, the Romans responded to a plea for help by some rebels in Messina and landed an army in Sicily. That started the First Punic War. The Romans then invaded the Carthaginian areas in Sicily, and the Carthaginian generals could not stop them. Even at sea, the Romans copied the Carthaginian bireme ships, with two oars on each side, and won several major victories on the sea. However, the Romans had not been a sea power, which the Carthaginians had been.
Finally, a general, Hamilcar Barca, took up to defend the Carthaginians and replaced of the older and less energetic Hanno. Hamilcar immediately realized the futility of meeting the superior Roman army in open battle and so he decided to use hit-and-run raids to wear down the Romans. That tactic was slightly more effective against the slow heavily-armored roman troops. Eventually, however, the Romans took Lilybaeum, the Carthaginians' main stronghold in Sicily. That ended Carthage's power in Sicily and ended the First Punic War.
During the Second Punic War, Hannibal Barca led the Carthaginian Army through Spain, southern Gaul and across the Alps into Italy in 218 BC. There, he clashed with and stunningly defeated the Romans in three major battles: the Battle of the River Trebia, the Battle of Lake Trasmine, and the Battle of Cannae. He failed, however, to take Rome and eventually had to retreat to Carthage, where he was defeated by Scipio Africanis at the Battle of Zama.
The Romans destroyed Carthage in 146 BC during the Third Punic War. The Carthaginians who survived, numbering about 50,000, were mostly sold into slavery.
Lichos

Lichos is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Witold Baran

Witold Stanislaw Baran (29 July 1939 - 22 June 2020) was a Polish middle-distance runner. He was born in Chmielow, Ostrowiec County. He participated in the 1964 Summer Olympics, however he did not win any medals. He won a silver medal at the 1962 European Athletics Championships.
Baran died on 22 June 2020 in Warsaw at the age of 80.
Suburbia (song)

"Suburbia" is a 1986 song by Pet Shop Boys and is the fourth single from their debut studio album Please. It went to number 1 in Belgium, number 2 in Germany and Spain, number 3 in Ireland, the Netherlands and Switzerland, number 5 in New Zealand, number 6 in Sweden, number 8 in the United Kingdom, number 9 in Australia, number 13 in Finland and number 70 in the United States.
Track listings
7-inch: Parlophone / R 6140 (UK)
"Suburbia" - 4:06
"Paninaro" - 4:37
2x7-inch: Parlophone / RD 6140 (UK)
"Suburbia" - 4:05
"Paninaro" - 4:37
"Love Comes Quickly" [Shep Pettibone Mastermix] (Early Fade) - 6:12
"Jack the Lad" - 4:30
"Suburbia Pt. Two" - 2:20
MC: Parlophone / TC R 6140 (UK)
"Suburbia" - 4:06
"Paninaro" - 4:37
"Jack the Lad" - 4:30
"Love Comes Quickly" [Shep Pettibone Mastermix] - 7:34
MC: Parlophone / TR 6140 (UK)
"Suburbia" (The Full Horror) - 8:55
"Paninaro" - 4:37
"Jack the Lad" - 4:30
"Love Comes Quickly" [Shep Pettibone Mastermix] (Even Earlier Fade) - 5:31
12-inch: Parlophone / 12 R 6140 (UK)
"Suburbia" (The Full Horror) - 8:55
"Paninaro" - 4:37
"Jack the Lad" - 4:30
12-inch: EMI America / V-19226 (US)
"Suburbia" (The Full Horror) - 8:55
"Suburbia" (7-inch version) - 4:06
"Jack the Lad" - 4:30
"Suburbia" (New version, The Full Horror and Part Two remixed by Julian Mendelsohn)
Luciano Federici

Luciano Federici (16 May 1938 - 18 March 2020) was an Italian professional footballer. He played as a defender.
Federici was born in Carrara, Tuscany. He played for for Carrarese, Cosenza and Pisa during the 1950s and 1960s. On 18 March 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Federici died of COVID-19 in Carrara. He was 81.
Flag of Georgia

Flag of Georgia may refer to:
Flag of Georgia (country)
Flag of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
Flag of Georgia (U.S. state)
Kremlin

Kremlin () is the Russian word for "fortress", "citadel" or "castle". It is used to refer to fortified central complexes in historic Russian cities. In Moscow it refers to the central square. The word is also used to mean the government of Russia.
The Necropolis for communists is in one of the walls of the Moscow Kremlin. The mausoleum for Vladimir Lenin is outside.
Rolf Erling Andersen

Rolf Erling Andersen (3 July 1947 - 7 August 2021) was a Norwegian politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He was a member of the Norwegian Parliament from 1997 until 2005.
Andersen died on 7 August 2021 at the age of 74.
Bulletproof Heart (Grace Jones album)

Bulletproof Heart is the ninth studio album by Jamaican recording artist Grace Jones, it was released on October 13, 1989 by Capitol Records, it was her first album on the label. It would be her last album until 2008's Hurricane.
Background
On Bulletproof Heart Jones would work with producer Chris Stanley, who at that time had become her first husband.
Bulletproof Heart met with negative reviews, with critic Robert Christgau calling it "incongruous".
Track listing
Notes: All songs were written by Grace Jones and Chris Stanley, except where noted. "Crack Attack" features rapper Freedom, and "Don't Cry Freedom" is a duet with Chris Stanley, although they're not credited as such in track listing on the album sleeve.
Ranked list of Dominican provinces

These are ranked lists of the Provinces of Dominican Republic. Population figures areas are taken from the report on the 2010 census.
The percentages (%) mean how much of the country the province has (population and area).
Bortigali

Bortigali (Bortigale) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,341 people lived there. Its area is 67.33 km2. It is 510 meters above sea level.
Gulnara Karimova

Gulnara Islamovna Karimova (Cyrillic Uzbek: ; , ; born 8 July 1972) is an Uzbekistani diplomat and the elder daughter of Islam Karimov, the leader of Uzbekistan from 1989 to his death in 2016.
Karimova is the founder of the Forum of Culture and Arts of Uzbekistan Foundation. Many believed that she would have replaced her father as President of Uzbekistan, however, after 2013, Gulnara had conflict with her father, and she began to rapidly lose influence in Uzbekistan.
Karimova was placed under house arrest in Tashkent, Uzbekistan in November 2014 because of money laundering.
2008 Detroit Lions season

The 2008 Detroit Lions season was the 79th football season of the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). It was their third year under head coach Rod Marinelli. In 2008, the Lions had one of the worst seasons of any major American pro sports team. They lost all 16 of their regular season games. They were the first NFL team to finish a season with no wins and 16 losses after their loss to the Green Bay Packers. They were the second team with no wins after the 1976 Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Matt Millen was fired during the bye week of the season and the rest of the staff were fired after the season was over.
In 2017, the Cleveland Browns became the second team to lose all 16 regular season games.
Roster
Schedule
Preseason
Regular season
COLOR KEY AND NOTES:
x Means game was blacked out locally
# Means the game was nationally televised
Season facts
Three people who were on the 2008 Lions played in Super Bowl 48. They were Manny Ramirez and Paris Lenon of the Denver Broncos and Cliff Avril for the Seattle Seahawks, who won the Super Bowl.
First 0-16 team in NFL history after loss to the Green Bay Packers
The team won all 4 preseason games.
After losing to the New Orleans Saints in week 16 (7-42), they became the first 0-15 team. They also became the first team to lose 15 straight games since the 2001 Panthers
Gave up 517 points during the season
Third team to lose 14 games, after the 1980 Saints and the 1976 Buccaneers
In week 6 against the Minnesota Vikings in Minnesota, it was the first game where the Lions lost by 2.
In week 13 against the Tennessee Titans, the team gave up 47 points as the team lost 10-47. They fell to 0-12. It would also be the 2nd straight season a NFL team has started 0-12 after the 2007 Miami Dolphins, who finished the year 1-15.
Attic

The attic is the highest part of a house, it is directly below the roof and old house or old things inside the house like a vintage. It is sometimes used as storage. Some people have "loft conversions" (change the attic into a room people can use) so that they can sleep in it. Attics can be hard to reach, which is why many of them are not used. They can help keep the temperature of the house stable.
Origin
The word "attic" derived from the Attica region in Greece. It comes from the Attic style architecture.
Independent Power Producer

An Independent Power Producer (IPP) or Non-Utility Generator (NUG) is an organisation that owns a power-producing facility and can sell electricity to utility companies and electricity users. An IPP is usually a private company and is generally not a public utility company. Transaction of electricity between IPP with its customers are usually regulated under the power purchase agreement.
An independent water and power producer (IWPP) is similar to an IPP, but with a unified process to also output usable treated water.
Wasting Love

"Wasting Love" is a 1992 song by English heavy metal band Iron Maiden and is the third single from their ninth studio album Fear of the Dark. It was only released in the Netherlands and in Spain.
Track listing
CD-Maxi Single
7" Canada Single
Jorge de Souza

Jorge de Souza is a volleyball player from Brazil. Jorge competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born on 17 April 1945.
Soap Bubbles (painting)

Soap Bubbles is an oil painting on canvas by Jean-Baptiste-Simeon-Chardin. It was painted sometime between 1733 and 1735. It measures 93 cm x 74.5 cm (36.61 in x 29.33 in.). It hangs in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. Chardin chose homely subjects that proved popular with all classes of French society. For example, he painted several pictures of boys playing.
Merrill Womach

Merrill Womach (February 7, 1927 - December 28, 2014) was an American undertaker, organist and gospel singer. He was known for founding National Music Service (now Global Distribution Network, Inc.), which provided recorded music to funeral homes across America, and for surviving a plane crash in Beaver Marsh, Oregon. It left him disfigured with third degree burns on his hands and his entire head.
Womach died in his sleep on December 28, 2014 in his birthplace Spokane, Washington.
Hypersonic speed

In aerodynamics, hypersonic speeds are speeds that are significantly faster than the speed of sound. Any speed faster than Mach 5 (five times faster than the speed of sound; 1,715 m/s at sea level) is said to be hypersonic. Hypersonic speeds are distinguished from supersonic speeds, because air and aircraft act very strangely at hypersonic speeds; even stranger than at supersonic speeds.
Characteristics of Hypersonic Flow
When an aircraft is moving at hypersonic speeds, it is subject to certain special effects due to its speed. Some of these effects are:
Thin Shock Layer
As the plane goes faster, the density behind the shock wave increases. At the same time, the volume of the air behind the shock wave decreases. Because of this, the shock layer (the space between the aircraft's body and the shock wave) becomes very thin. This is important because it changes the way the plane has to be built.
Entropy Layer
As a plane goes faster, the entropy change across the shock wave increases. This results in a strong entropy gradient. This causes air around the aircraft to swirl like a vortex, in what is called "vortical flow." This is important because it mixes with what is called the "boundary layer" around the aircraft. A boundary layer is a small area of air around the plane which is moving slower than the air farther away from the aircraft. When the vortical flow mixes with the boundary layer, the boundary layer is disrupted, and the aircraft becomes very unstable.
Viscous Interaction
At very high speeds, objects that are inside the atmosphere become very hot. This can cause the previously mentioned boundary layer of the plane to expand. When the boundary layer expands, the aircraft gets even hotter. Put simply, planes moving extremely fast experience lots and lots of drag and get very very hot. This process is caused by the viscosity of air, which is why this is called "viscous interaction."
Fun Fact
The adjective "sonic" was first used in the 1920s, from the Latin sonus, or "sound." Ever since, it's been used not only to describe things relating to sound, but also things that travel as fast as sound.
Latin poetry

Latin poetry is the poetry of Ancient Rome. They started by adapting Greek models. The verse comedies of Plautus are the earliest surviving examples of Latin literature. They were probably composed around 205-184 BC.
There was a play written by a Greek slave, Livius Andronicus, at Rome in 240 BC. Livius translated Greek comedy for Roman audiences. He used metres that were those of Greek drama, but modified to the needs of Latin.
His successors, Plautus and Terence, continued this process. The traditional metre of Greek epic poetry, the dactylic hexameter, was introduced into Latin literature by Ennius (239-169 BC). Ennius provided a model for the later 'classical' poets such as Virgil and Ovid. Horace (who was a contemporary of Virgil) wrote verses in dactylic hexameter. They were in a conversational style, as if writing a letter. Virgil's hexameters are regarded as "the supreme metrical system of Latin literature".
Juliusz Paetz

Juliusz Paetz (2 February 1935 - 15 November 2019) was a Polish bishop of the Catholic Church. He was the Bishop of Lomza from 1982 to 1996 and as the Archbishop of Poznan from 1996 to 2002. He resigned because of sexual harassment allegations. After 2002, he was archbishop emeritus of Poznan. He was born in Poznan, Poland.
Paetz died on 15 November 2019 in Pleszew, Poland at the age of 84.
Hal Miller

Harold Miller is an American actor and singer. He is best known for playnig Gordon on Sesame Street until replaced by Roscoe Orman in Season 6.
He made two appearances on Law & Order.
List of governors of Tripura

This is a list of the governors of Tripura, a state in northeast India, since its inception as a state on 21 January 1972.
Edgware

Edgware () is a suburban town in northern Greater London, mostly in the London Borough of Barnet.
As of 2011, the town had a population of 76,506 and is made up of five wards from both Barnet and Harrow boroughs.
The Rock

The Rock is a 1996 action-adventure movie. The movie is about events taking place on Alcatraz Island. Sean Connery plays John Patrick Mason. Nicolas Cage plays Stanley Goodspeed.
The Rock received positive reviews from the critics. It was a box office hit.
Muhammad Tanveer

Muhammad Tanveer is a cricketer from Qatar. Tanveer plays for the Qatar national cricket team. He was born on February 1, 1981.
Ponce, Puerto Rico

Ponce is the second largest city in Puerto Rico outside of the San Juan metropolitan area. It is in the southern part of the island. 186,475 people live there. It is also called La Perla del Sur (The Pearl of the South) and La Ciudad Senorial de Puerto Rico (Majestic city of Puerto Rico). Its actual mayor is Dr. Luis M. Irizarry Pabon (PPD).
The city of Ponce was founded in 1692 by Spanish people who lived near the Jacaguas river. The city was named after Juan Ponce de Leon y Loayza, the grandson of Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de Leon.
Spike Cohen

Jeremy "Spike" Cohen (born June 28, 1982) is an American activist, businessman, and podcaster. He was the Libertarian Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 2020 election.
Cohen ran with Vermin Supreme for President and Vice President in the 2020 Libertarian Presidential primaries, and was actively involved in campaigning.
In 2020 Supreme lost the primary to Jo Jorgensen, but Cohen decided to still compete for the vice-presidential Libertarian nomination. He won the vice presidential nomination.
Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Twelfth Amendment (Amendment XII) to the United States Constitution was proposed in Congress on December 9, 1803. It was ratified by the state legislatures on June 15, 1804. It provided new procedures for electing the President and Vice President. Before the amendment, each member of the Electoral College cast a single vote. The candidate who received the largest number of votes became the President. The candidate receiving the next highest number of votes became the Vice President. The Twelfth Amendment changed the process to the current system whereby one vote is cast for the President and one for the Vice President.
Text
Background
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 went over several different proposals for electing the President. Some wanted Congress to choose the President. Other suggestions included selection by the state legislatures, by the state governors or by a congressional committee. Near the end of the convention the question was turned over to a committee called the Committee of Eleven for leftover business. They devised a system called the Electoral College. The plan was accepted and was added to the Constitution.
In 1789 the Electoral College unanimously elected George Washington as the first president. He was reelected in 1792. In both cases he was the only president to receive all of the electoral votes. In the 1796 election, Washington declined to run. His Vice President, John Adams, and his running mate Thomas Pinckney ran for President and Vice President respectively. Alexander Hamilton tried to use his influence to get Pinckney more votes, making Adams the Vice President again. But the scheme backfired when Thomas Jefferson got more votes than Pinckney, but Adams won more of the electoral votes. This made Adams the President and Jefferson the Vice President.
The 1800 Presidential election showed the deep problems in the electoral college system. Jefferson ran against Adams again. Both had running mates. Pinckney was again the running mate of Adams for the Federalist Party. Aaron Burr was Jefferson's running mate for the Democratic-Republican Party. Jefferson and Burr received the same number of votes creating a tie between two candidates from the same political party. Under the Constitution, the matter was to be decided by the House of Representatives. In the House, the two tied again in 35 votes. Only on the 36th ballot was the deadlock broken and Jefferson was elected president.
The solution to the problem became the Twelfth Amendment. It was proposed by Congress on December 9, 1803. Three days later it was submitted to the states for ratification. Fourteen of the seventeen states (at the time) ratified it and the amendment was added to the Constitution on September 25, 1804.
Provisions
The Electoral College remained much the same under the Twelfth Amendment. But the process for choosing a president and vice president changed. Under the Twelfth Amendment an elector must cast separate votes for the President and Vice President. If nobody gets the majority of the votes, the process remains the same as before; the House of Representatives decides.
Lancaster, Kansas

Lancaster is a city in Atchison County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 298 people lived there.
History
Lancaster was platted in 1857. It may have been named after Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Lancaster was an early contender for county seat. In 1915, Lancaster had seven stores, a school, three churches, a grain elevator, a lumber yard, and a hotel.
Lancaster was a station on the Missouri Pacific Railroad.
Geography
Lancaster is at (39.571780, -95.303344).
According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the 2010 census says that there were 298 people, 108 households, and 87 families living in the city.
Cliché

A cliche, in English is a phrase which is used too much. Originally, the word meant (in French) a stereotype plate, which is a term in printing.
A cliche is a stock expression used again and again. It has "lost its freshness and vigour through overuse, and suggests insincerity, lack of thought or laziness on the part of the writer".
Examples
leave no stone unturned
none the worse for wear
explore every avenue
food for thought
dead as a doornail
avoid like the plague
the name of the game
the bottom line
there's no smoke without fire
from time immemorial
Style guides advise writers to avoid cliches.
Reconstructionist Judaism

Reconstructionist Judaism is a movement within Judaism that started in the 1920s. People like Mordecai Kaplan (1881-1983) believed that Judaism is like a civilization that constantly develops. The Jewish society therefore develops much like any other society. As a result, the Jewish religion needs to adapt to these changes. There are about 13 million Jews in the world, about half of them live in the United States. Of these, about three percent, or 180,000 people, see themselves as Reconstructionist.
International Velvet (movie)

International Velvet is a 1978 British-American sports drama war movie and a sequel to the 1944 picture National Velvet starring Tatum O'Neal, Christopher Plummer, Anthony Hopkins and Nanette Newman. It was directed by Bryan Forbes.
Roy Gibson

Roy Gibson (born 4 July 1924) is a British space official. He was born in Manchester. He served as a director-general of the European Space Research Organisation (ESRO). He was the first director-general of the European Space Agency (1975-1980) and the British National Space Centre (1985-1987).
The Killer Elite

The Killer Elite is a 1975 American action thriller movie directed by Sam Peckinpah and based on the Robert Syd Hopkins novel Monkey in the Middle. It stars James Caan, Robert Duvall, Burt Young, Bo Hopkins, Arthur Hill, Tiana Alexandra and it was distributed by United Artists.
Minor League Baseball

Minor League Baseball is a level of professional baseball in North America. It is made up a many different teams which play in many leagues and levels of skill. Minor league teams are used by Major League Baseball (MLB) teams to have a place to put their players who they do not feel are skilled enough to play in the major leagues yet. They are also used to help injured major league players get ready to play in MLB again. These partnerships between major and minor league teams are called affiliations. Minor league teams generally play in cities that are too small for major league teams. City size usually increases with league level.
There are five different classifications (skill levels) in the minor leagues, these classes are (in order from lowest to highest):
Complex League (or Rookie League)
Single-A
High-A
Double-A (or AA)
Triple-A (or AAA)
When a normal player is first drafted or signed by an MLB team, he is usually placed on a Complex League team, however more advanced players may start higher. If a player plays good in his league, he can be promoted or "called up" to the next league. If a player does not play well, he may be sent back down or removed from the team. This continues until a player gets to the major leagues, although most players never make it that far. This way, players are able to get better at baseball before having to play against tougher opponents. Almost all players in MLB had to play in the minor leagues first to become good enough to play in the major leagues. Most players spend four to five years in the minors before making it to MLB. However, skilled players can be called up earlier, while some may take more than 10 years to reach the majors.
Sometimes, major league players who are have been hurt will play a few games in the minor leagues before playing in the major leagues again, in order to see if they feel healthy enough to start playing again.
There are other professional baseball leagues that are not affiliated with major league teams. These are known as "Independent Leagues". In these leagues, players do not go to higher or lower levels of ability. Players on these teams are usually those not drafted by an MLB team. They may also be players who played in major or minor leagues and are trying to get back. Major league teams may hire these independent players to play for their teams.
Snodland railway station

Snodland railway station is a railway station in Snodland in Kent. The station is on the Medway Valley Line.
Sandal (footwear)

Sandals are an open type of footwear, with a sole held to the wearer's foot by straps or thongs passing over the instep and around the ankle. While the distinction between sandals and other types of footwear can sometimes be unclear (as in the case of huaraches--the woven leather footwear seen in Mexico), the common understanding is that a sandal reveals most or all of the foot (especially the toes) to view. People may choose to wear sandals for several reasons, among them economy (sandals tend to require less material than shoes), comfort in warm weather, and (especially for women) for reasons of fashion and attractiveness.
Usually, sandals are worn in warmer climates or during warmer parts of the year, because feet stay cool and dry. The chances of getting a fungal infection on the feet (athlete's foot) is lower than with wearing an enclosed shoe and wearing sandals may be part of treatment for a fungal foot infection.
Rolf Hochhuth

Rolf Hochhuth (1 April 1931 - 13 May 2020) was a German writer and playwright. He was best known for his 1963 drama The Deputy. His works were controversial as they talked about unpopular opinions of the Holocaust. He also defended Holocaust denier David Irving. Hochhuth was born in Eschwege, Germany.
Hochhuth died on 13 May 2020 in Berlin, aged 89.
Incognito

Incognito is the 15th album by Canadian singer Celine Dion.
New Kid in Town

"New Kid in Town" is a 1976 song by the Eagles. It was taken from their fifth studio album Hotel California. It went to number 1 in the United States and Canada, number 6 in New Zealand, number 8 in Spain and number 9 in the Netherlands and Norway. It won a Grammy award.
Bendern

Bendern is a village of Liechtenstein. It is in the municipality of Gamprin.
List of named minor planets: S

S
13260 Sabadell
1115 Sabauda
665 Sabine
1626 Sadeya
6250 Saekohayashi
1364 Safara
1163 Saga
2709 Sagan
4606 Saheki
1533 Saimaa
2578 Saint-Exupery
1979 Sakharov
1166 Sakuntala
120347 Salacia
562 Salome
1436 Salonta
1083 Salvia
2091 Sampo
3043 San Diego
6216 San Jose
9963 Sandage
1760 Sandra
1711 Sandrine
7794 Sanvito
275 Sapientia
80 Sappho
533 Sara
1012 Sarema
796 Sarita
10258 Sarneczky
2223 Sarpedon
461 Saskia
7336 Saunders
1494 Savo
1525 Savonlinna
460 Scania
3333 Schaber
1542 Schalen
6376 Schamp
643 Scheherezade
596 Scheila
1255 Schilowa
2308 Schilt
922 Schlutia
1743 Schmidt
2959 Scholl
1235 Schorria
1911 Schubart
2384 Schulhof
4003 Schumann
2429 Schurer
13006 Schwaar
837 Schwarzschilda
989 Schwassmannia
3350 Scobee
876 Scott
155 Scylla
1306 Scythia
13070 Seanconnery
90377 Sedna
892 Seeligeria
3822 Segovia
4607 Seilandfarm
1521 Seinajoki
5381 Sekhmet
5357 Sekiguchi
580 Selene
3288 Seleucus
500 Selinur
86 Semele
584 Semiramis
1014 Semphyra
3133 Sendai
2608 Seneca
550 Senta
483 Seppina
1103 Sequoia
838 Seraphina
9968 Serpe
2691 Sersic
7846 Setvak
2121 Sevastopol
1737 Severny
1648 Shajna
2985 Shakespeare
1994 Shane
2197 Shanghai
1881 Shao
1123 Shapleya
1902 Shaposhnikov
5426 Sharp
1196 Sheba
2036 Sheragul
5692 Shirao
4364 Shkodrov
2074 Shoemaker
8306 Shoko
16525 Shumarinaiko
1977 Shura
1405 Sibelius
1094 Siberia
168 Sibylla
1258 Sicilia
7866 Sicoli
579 Sidonia
1632 Siebohme
386 Siegena
552 Sigelinde
459 Signe
1493 Sigrid
502 Sigune
11066 Sigurd
3201 Sijthoff
79360 Sila-Nunam
257 Silesia
1446 Sillanpaa
748 Simeisa
1033 Simona
1675 Simonida
3391 Sinon
1009 Sirene
332 Siri
116 Sirona
823 Sisigambis
1866 Sisyphus
244 Sita
1170 Siva
140 Siwa
2554 Skiff
1130 Skuld
1854 Skvortsov
1766 Slipher
1807 Slovakia
7545 Smaklosa
2047 Smetana
1731 Smuts
1262 Sniadeckia
3708 Socus
1393 Sofala
8991 Solidarity
2815 Soma
1430 Somalia
5771 Somerville
1293 Sonja
1039 Sonneberga
2433 Sootiyo
251 Sophia
134 Sophrosyne
731 Sorga
6882 Sormano
2228 Soyuz-Apollo
2975 Spahr
896 Sphinx
2065 Spicer
1091 Spiraea
1330 Spiridonia
37452 Spirit
4789 Sprattia
5380 Sprigg
1564 Srbija
4150 Starr
831 Stateira
1147 Stavropolis
2035 Stearns
4713 Steel
707 Steina
1681 Steinmetz
2867 Steins
2146 Stentor
220 Stephania
8373 Stephengould
566 Stereoskopia
995 Sternberga
3794 Sthenelos
1847 Stobbe
1019 Strackea
1628 Strobel
1422 Stromgrenia
1124 Stroobantia
3054 Strugatskia
768 Struveana
964 Subamara
1692 Subbotina
4176 Sudek
12002 Suess
417 Suevia
752 Sulamitis
563 Suleika
1928 Summa
11885 Summanus
1424 Sundmania
1656 Suomi
4383 Suruga
542 Susanna
933 Susi
1844 Susilva
6726 Suthers
1927 Suvanto
329 Svea
4118 Sveta
4082 Swann
992 Swasey
882 Swetlana
1637 Swings
1714 Sy
519 Sylvania
87 Sylvia
1104 Syringa
3360 Syrinx
4647 Syuji
2022 Sitakunda fire and explosions

On the night of , a fire and then explosions at a container depot in Sitakunda Upazila, Chittagong District, Bangladesh, killed at least 41 people and injured more than 450 others.
The incident occurred at BM Container Depot in the Kadamrasul area of Sitakunda Upazila. After a fire started in the loading area, a massive explosion happened, causing more explosions that spread across the depot.
Official said that there was hydrogen peroxide in the depot which prevented the fire from being controlled.
1890 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1890 Atlantic hurricane season was one of the least active hurricane seasons, with only 4 storms. This season got an early start, as Tropical Storm One started in May. There were also only 9 deaths in 1890.
Blairlogie

Blairlogie is at the base of the great cliff of Dumyat between Stirling and Menstrie was one of central Scotland's earliest Conservation Villages. Blairlogie mainly has cottages from the 17th through the 19th centuries.
Between 1598 and 1609, the minister of Logie Parish was the poet Alexander Hume.