kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Black Forest ham

Black Forest ham () is a variety of dry-cured smoked ham produced in the Black Forest region of Germany. Since 1997, it can only be made in a well-defined geographical area. In the case of Black Forest ham, the salting, and curing needs to be done in the Black Forest. Most of the pigs used come from other regions of Germany, or the European Union. This only applies to the European Union, though. In the United States and Canada, there are different kinds of ham which are sold as Black Forest ham: These are usually produced locally, and very often, the methods of producing them are different from the original of the Black Forest.
In 2018, about 6. 1 million tons were produced. About 85 percent was sold through discount stores, about ten percent was sold through specialized retailers, and the remaining fice percent was sold through restaurants.
Preparation
Raw ham is salted and seasoned with garlic, coriander, pepper, juniper berries and other spices. After curing for two to three weeks, the salt is removed and the ham aged an additional two weeks. It is then cold-smoked using "local conifers and sawdust" at around for several days. It ripens in an air-conditioned room for several weeks, becoming almost black on the outside and acquiring much of its distinctive flavor. As a result it usually tastes very salty.
Characteristics
Black Forest ham is boneless and about one-fifth fat. It has a very pronounced flavor and is common in German cuisine. It may be eaten fresh, for example on Holzofenbrot or rye bread, with fruit, or used as an ingredient in cooked dishes. Whole pieces of Black Forest ham can be preserved for months when stored properly. It is typically served at room temperature.
Related product
Black Forest bacon () is bacon produced the same way, and comes in two categories: Durchwachsener Speck has several layers of meat, and half of it is fat; fetter Speck is almost completely fat. Both variants include the skin, called pork rind. The pork rind is too hard to eat, but it is cooked in some traditional German dishes, such as Linsen mit Spatzle or Eintopf, to add its flavors to the food.
Unlike Black Forest ham, this is not a protected designation.
St. George, Vermont

St. George is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States.
Magan (civilization)

Magan (also Makkan) was an ancient nation. It is mentioned in Sumerian cuneiform texts of around 2300 BC. It lasted to 550 BC as a source of copper and diorite for Mesopotamia.
Location
Historians were not always sure where Magan was. Some historians thought Magan could be in part of Yemen called Ma'in in the south of Upper Egypt, in Nubia or the Sudan, and others as part of today's Iran or Pakistan.
With the disappearance of trade from the Indus region, the copper from Magan was later replaced by copper imports from ancient Cyprus.
History
The earliest Sumerian text that talks about Magan (Sumerian Magan, Akkadian Makkan) was written during the Umm al-Nar period (2600-2000 BCE). It also says "the Lords of Magan." Sumerian texts also talk about "Tilmun," which historians think was in what is Bahrain today, and about "Meluhha," which could be the Indus Valley. The Akkadians fought the Magans in the twenty-third century BCE. This could be why the people built forts. For example, the writers Naram-Sin and Manishtusu, wrote of fighting wars against "32 lords of Magan."
Gudea talks about the devotions to his Temple: "Magan and Meluhha will come down from their mountains to attend." The words Magan () and Meluhha () appear vertically in the first column on the right.
Naram-Sin gave the Akkadian title Malek to the defeated Ruler of Magan, a title which survives in the Arabic for king, malek.
The Magans built good ships and could sail well for the time. King Sargon of Agade (2371-2316 BCE) wrote that ships Tilmun, Magan, and Meluhha came to his ports. His successor, Naram-Sin, conquered Magan but he honored the Magan King Manium by naming the city of Manium-Ki in Mesopotamia after him. Trade between the Indus Valley and Sumer went through Magan. However, that trade might have stopped at one time. Ur-Nammu (2113-2096 BCE) said he had "brought back the ships of Magan."
Commerce
Archaeological finds from this time show trade not only with the Indus Valley and Sumer but also with Iran and Bactria. They might also show the earliest case of the disease poliomyelitis in the skeleton of a woman from Tell Abraq. The skeleton was found in modern Umm Al Quwain.
Trade was common between Magan and Ur before the reigns of the Gutian kings over Ur. After they were deposed, Ur-Nammu of Ur restored the roads and trade resumed between the two nations (c. 2100 BC).
Literature
Magan Civilization and Magan territory has also been mentioned in the fantasy book, MAGA - The Untold Legend (ISBN: 978-1777903404) and has a very close relationship with the Mayan Civilization, two mother civilizations of ancient world on earth established by MAGA and MAYA, respectively.
Loxstedt

Loxstedt is a municipality in Cuxhaven district, Germany.
There are 21 villages in the municipality.
On 31 December 2012, 15,841 people lived there.
Loxstedt has a railway station. The Autobahn A27 runs through it. The Weser tunnel also is in the area of Loxstedt, near the village of Dedesdorf.
Asian Archery Championships

Asian Archery Championships is the archery championship organized by the World Archery Asia. It has been held biannually, and since 2001 has included both the recurve and compound disciplines.
The tournament began in 1980 and it was first hosted in India.
Standard German phonology

The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language. It deals with current phonology and phonetics as well as with historical developments thereof as well as the geographical variants and the influence of German dialects.
Vowels
Single vowels
Vowel combos
Consonants
German has 25 phonemes, which is average among other languages. One of its more unique sounds is the unusual affricate .
Bayou Country Club, Louisiana

Bayou Country Club is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Reg Fleming

Reginald Stephen Fleming (April 21, 1936 - July 11, 2009) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger that played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks, Boston Bruins, New York Rangers, Philadelphia Flyers and Buffalo Sabres organizations. He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Black Hawks in 1960. He was known for his grit and team spirit and was also involved in a number of notorious incidents which gave him a reputation around the league as a tough customer and an intense competitor and earned him the nickname, "Reggie, The Ruffian". He died on July 11, 2009 in Arlington Heights, Illinois from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (C.T.E.) which made him the first hockey player to be tested for the disease, it had only been mainly associated with boxing and American football.
The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson

The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson was an American late-night talk show. It was hosted by Craig Ferguson. It was on CBS. The show was on the air from 2005-2014.
Euromaidan

Euromaidan () was a period of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine. It began on the night of 21 November 2013 with protests demanding that Ukraine become part of the European Union. On 30 November 2013 riot police attacked protestors, violently putting a stop to the protests. The protesters then demanded the resignation of President Viktor Yanukovych. Many people were killed in the riots.
Many people in Ukraine, particularly in the western part of the country, wanted to be part of the European Union. But President Yanukovych wanted to maintain close relationships with Russia. This angered pro-EU civilians. They started Euromaidan. On 30 November, the police intervened, sometimes violently. As a result, more people came out to protest. Many people blocked the streets with their cars in a protest called Automaidan.
The President fled in February 2014 but protests continued. In March 2014 the Russian Federation captured Crimea which angered many other nations. Some people feared this might lead to a global war.
Riots/revolution
As the riots continued, the protesters were attacked. Hundreds were killed or injured. Ukrainians got the freedom they wanted and a new government, although they have not yet entered into the European Union. Meanwhile Ukraine lost Crimea to Russia.
Russia did not like that the Ukrainian government was overthrown as the new more nationalist and anti-Russian government did not favor them. Some of the people in the east, in the Donbas, preferred the old President, and declared independence and wanted to join Russia. Many people in Ukraine, particularly in the east, suffered in fighting.
Zana

Zana may refer to:
Mythological figures
Zana, a female mythological figure in Romanian mythology
Zana (mythology), an Albanian mythological figure
Places
Diana Veteranorum or Zana, an ancient Roman city in Algeria
Zana, Burkina Faso, a village in Bam Province
Zana, Ethiopia, a village near Shiraro in the Tigray Region
Zana, Florida, a ghost town in Florida, U.S.
Battletruck

Battletruck (also known as Warlords of the 21st Century in the U.S. and Destructors in Italy) is a 1982 New Zealand British science fiction action movie directed by Harley Cokliss and starring Michael Beck, Annie McEnroe, James Wainwright, John Ratzenberger, Bruno Lawrence, Mark Hadlow.
Cyst

A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared with the nearby tissue.
It is a cluster of cells that has grouped together to form a sac however an aspect of a cyst is that the cells forming the "shell" of such a sac are distinctly abnormal when compared with all surrounding cells for that given location.
It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. A collection of pus is called an abscess, not a cyst. Once formed, sometimes a cyst may resolve on its own. When a cyst fails to resolve, it may need to be removed surgically, but that would depend upon its type and location.
Levi Celerio

Levi Celerio (30 April 1910 -2 April 2002) is a Filipino composer.
He played an instrument made out of a leaf. He is known as the "only man who could play music using a leaf" by the Guinness Book of Records.
Björkviken

Bjorkviken is a locality in Borgholm Municipality in Kalmar County in Sweden. In 2010, 208 people lived there.
The Streak (Wrestling)

The Streak, along with the WWE, multiple news outlets have dubbed this run of victories as "The Streak". was a series of 21 straight victories for professional wrestler The Undertaker (Mark Calaway) at WWE's premier annual event, WrestleMania. It began at WrestleMania VII in 1991 when he beat Jimmy Snuka, with the final win coming against CM Punk at WrestleMania 29 in 2013; The Undertaker was absent from WrestleMania X (1994) and WrestleMania 2000, owing to injury. Overall, he defeated 18 men during The Streak, which included three bouts with Triple H and two each opposite Kane and Shawn Michaels
Background
WrestleMania
WrestleMania is the premier annual event of the largest professional wrestling promotion in the United States, WWE. Formed as a counter to Jim Crockett Promotions' successful Starrcade event, WrestleMania I was broadcast to one million nationwide via closed-circuit television and pay-per-view. WrestleMania's widespread success helped transform the sport of professional wrestling and made WWE the most successful wrestling promotion in the world, prompting WWE to promote the event as the "Super Bowl of sports entertainment".
The Undertaker
Born Mark William Calaway on March 24, 1965 in Houston, Texas, The Undertaker is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed to WWE, where he has worked since 1990, making him the company's longest-tenured in-ring performer. Calaway began his wrestling career with World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) in 1984. After wrestling for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) as "Mean" Mark Callous from 1989 to 1990, he signed with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, later WWE) in 1990. In WWE, The Undertaker is a seven-time world champion, having won the WWF/E Championship four times and the World Heavyweight Championship three times, as well as the winner of the 2007 Royal Rumble. He is recognized as the fourth youngest WWF/E Champion in history, having won the title aged 26 years, 8 months, and 3 days.
Match statistics
Following the Undertaker's WrestleMania XXX loss to Lesnar, he had further matches at the annual event against Bray Wyatt (WrestleMania 31), Shane McMahon (WrestleMania 32), Roman Reigns (WrestleMania 33) and John Cena (WrestleMania 34), winning all but the Reigns encounter.
Fishman (wrestler)

Jose Angel Najera Sanchez (January 6, 1951 - April 8, 2017) was a Mexican luchador or professional wrestler best known under the ring name Fishman.
Fishman was one of the top wrestlers in the mid-1970s and 1980s and has worked for Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre, the Universal Wrestling Association, the World Wrestling Association and Asistencia Asesoria y Administracion in Mexico as well as frequent trips to Japan and the United States.
Najera was unmasked after losing a match in 2000 and retired shortly afterwards. Three of his sons are all luchadors enmascarados (masked wrestlers) known by their ring names Black Fish, El Hijo del Fishman and El Unico de Ciudad Juarez.
Najera died on April 8, 2017 of a heart attack.
Flag of Hong Kong

The flag of Hong Kong is a white stylized five-petal Hong Kong orchid tree (Bauhinia blakeana) flower in the centre of a red field. It was adopted on 1 July 1997.
Proposal to make Arabic as the state language of Pakistan

After the creation of Pakistan in 1947, many advocated making Arabic the state language of Pakistan, which was later supported and reiterated by many, but the proposal ultimately did not gain popular support and popularity.
Proposals
On behalf of Muhammad Shahidullah
According to Badruddin Umar , this proposal was first made by Muhammad Shahidullah on behalf of the East Pakistan Arabic Language Association in December 1949. Muhammad Shahidullah believed that Bengalis could learn Urdu at the same time as learning English, he also believed that: "The day Arabic becomes the state language of Pakistan, the creation of the state of Pakistan will be justified." Therefore, in December 1949, he assumed the presidency of the East Pakistan Arabic Language Association, approved a draft memorandum for submission to the People's Council, recommending that Arabic be made the state language of Pakistan and that the Koran be read in various centers and mosques in the city or the government is requested to provide Quran education.
Ayub Khan
Ayub Khan emphasized in his education plan to adopt Urdu and English as the primary state languages of Pakistan and Arabic as the secondary language.
Rajshahi College
On January 18, 1950, some students of Rajshahi College called a meeting to demand that Arabic be made the state language.
East Pakistan Muslim League Council
In January 1950, the East Pakistan Muslim League Council accepted a proposal to make Arabic the state language. Gana Parishad East Bengal member Chowdhury Moazzem Hossain (Lal Nia) proposed the proposal.
State Bank Governor Zahid Hossain
3 State Bank Governor Zahid Hussain proposed making Arabic the state language and this proposal was supported by Syed Akbar Shah, a member of the Sindh Legislative Council and Vice-Chancellor of the Sindh Arabic University.
Sultan Muhammad Shah Aga Khan
On February 1, 1951, at the session of the World Muslim Conference in Karachi, Aga Khan , the leader of the Ismaili community , said that if Arabic is made the state language of Pakistan, common communication will be established between the Muslims of the Arab world, North Africa and Indonesia.
Opposition
On February 10, 1951, Rabindranath Burmi, secretary of the Pakistan Buddhist League, issued a statement opposing these proposals to make Arabic the national language, in which he supported Urdu instead of Arabic.
Result
These proposals to make Arabic the state language did not gain much support in any part of Pakistan. However, according to Badruddin Umar, as this demand is linked to the question of the development of Islamic culture, it indirectly reinforces the demand for the introduction of Arabic script in the state language Urdu and Bengali in some quarters.
Saint Thomas

Saint Thomas or St. Thomas may refer to:
People
Thomas the Apostle (died AD 72), Jewish-Christian Apostle and Saint of the 1st century
Thomas Becket (died 1170), also called Saint Thomas of Canterbury and Saint Thomas the Martyr
Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), Catholic philosopher and theologian
Thomas More (1478-1535), English lawyer, philosopher, author, statesman
Places
France
Saint-Thomas, Aisne, France
Saint-Thomas, Haute-Garonne, France
United States
St. Thomas, Minnesota
St. Thomas, Missouri
Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, an island in the Caribbean Sea
West Indies region
Saint Thomas, Barbados
Saint Thomas Parish, Jamaica
Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Africa
Sao Tome (St. Thomas), an island in Sao Tome and Principe
3rd century

The 3rd century was the century from 201 to 300.
Decades and years
Note: years before or after the 3rd century are in italics.
Hazaragi

Hazaragi () spoken by the Hazara people in south Asia.
Classification
Hazaragi is a language which is related to Turkish, mongolian and Indo-European languages. It is easily distinguishable from other turkic and mongolic languages spoken in different countries in South Asia. Hazaragi contains some Turkic and Mongolic words.
Spoken area
Hazaragi is spoken by the Hazara people of central Afghanistan as well as by a large refugee population found in northeastern Iran and in parts of Pakistan, such as Quetta.
Venetia Burney

Venetia Burney (1918-2009) is known for suggesting name the Pluto for newly discovered celestial body in 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh. At that time, Venetia Burney was an 11 year old schoolgirl living in Oxford, England.
John R. Dailey

John R. Dailey (born on February 17, 1934) is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general. He served as Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps (ACMC) and Chief of Staff from 1990 to 1992. He also served as Acting Associate Deputy Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from 1992 to 1999. Today, he is director of the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) since 2000.
Street Fighter IV

Street Fighter IV is a 2008 fighting video game, published by Capcom and co-developed by Dimps. It is the fourth entry of Street Fighter series, and also the first of original main entry, which since Street Fighter III in 1997, a hiatus of eleven years.
London Borough of Wandsworth

The London Borough of Wandsworth is a London Borough. It is in south west London.
Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld

Princess Desiree, Baroness Silfverschiold (Desiree Elisabeth Sibylla; born 2 June 1938) is the third child of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Vasterbotten, and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and granddaughter of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden. She is an elder sister of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.
Byram, Mississippi

Byram is a city in Hinds County, Mississippi, United States. Byram had 11,489 people living there during the 2010 census. The mayor is named Richard White.
Hato Mayor del Rey

The Dominican city of Hato Mayor del Rey, or usually just Hato Mayor, is the head municipality of the Hato Mayor province.
In English, Hato Mayor del Rey means the largest cattle ranch of the King.
Population
The municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 44,900: 22,225 men and 22,675 women. The urban population was of the total population.
History
The town grew around a small church built in 1520 in lands given by the Davila family; for that reason, in old times the town was called Hato Mayor de Davila.
It was made a municipality by the Haitian government in 1843. After the Dominican independence in 1844, Hato Mayor was not a municipality until 1848 when it was made one in the El Seibo province.
In 1984, when the Hato Mayor province was made, the city of Hato Mayor del Rey became its capital city.
Geography
Hato Mayor del Rey has a total area of . It has three municipal districts (a subdivision of a municipality): Guayabo Dulce, Mata Palacio and Yerba Buena.
Hato Mayor del Rey is at to the northwest of Santo Domingo and at to the west of El Seibo. It is at an elevation of above sea level.
The municipality is in the eastern part of the country, just to the south of the Cordillera Oriental (in English, "Eastern mountain range") in the region known as Llano Costero del Caribe (in English, "Caribbean Coastal Plain").
Hato Mayor del Rey has the municipality of El Valle to the north, the El Seibo province to the northeast and east, the San Pedro de Macoris province to the south and the Monte Plata province to the west.
Climate
Hato Mayor del Rey has a tropical monsoonal climate (Koppen climate classification : Am), with a dry season and a heavy monsoon the rest of year.
The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . Most rains fall during the end of summer. The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of rainfall, followed by May with .
The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is February with an average of and the second is January with .
Hato Mayor del Rey is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
Administrative division
The municipality of Hato Mayor del Rey has three municipal districts:
Economy
Farming is the only economic activity in the municipality, except for some small industries. Cattle raising is very important in the region because there are many savannas with grasses around the city and to the south of it; the dairy industry is important, with an important production of different types of cheese.
Broceni

Broceni is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1992.
Ruben Bierer

Ruben Bierer (Dr. Rubin Bierer, often: Reuben Bierer; born about 1845 in Lviv; died 1931, Lviv) was a doctor in Sofia and one of the first pioneers of the Jewish nationalism and one of the first active Zionists in Galicia and Bulgaria, adherent of Hovevei Zion in Galicia, Austria and Bulgaria.
In 1867 he was in Lviv a co-founder of the first Jewish-political association of Austria-Hungary, Shomer Israel. As an opponent against Polish assimilation of the Jews he established for the 1873 elections of the Reichsrat a Jewish-ruthenian electoral alliance. In 1879 he separated from the Shomer Israel and went to Vienna for the purpose of medical studies where he - together with Peretz Smolenskin - found the Jewish-political association Ahavath Zion (for the reason of colonisation of the holy land).
In 1882 he was a cofounder of the Viennese Kadima Studentenverbindung. In 1883 he returned to Lviv where he founded the first Jewish-national association of the Austrian east, Miqra Kodesh.
In 1885 he went to Serbia, in 1900 he returned to Lviv where he successless tried to reactivate the Shomer Israel.
Nathan Birnbaum coined the word Zionism about the year 1890. But he is not the creator of this word, it was already in use, e.g. you can find in a letter of Ruben Bierer from the 9th December 1888 the expression Zionist brother's greeting. The word Zionist is found already in the year 1877 in an Roumanian written pamphlet (annual report of the order "Zion" in Bucharest).
Oberramsern

Oberramsern was a municipality in the district of Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2010, the former municipalities of Balm bei Messen, Brunnenthal and Oberramsern merged into the municipality of Messen.
Fred Burton

Fred Burton (born January 2, 1958) is STATFOR's vice president for intelligence. STRATFOR is a global intelligence company. Burton is thought to be "one of the world's foremost experts on security, terrorists and terrorist organizations." This basically means that he is thought to be one of the world's best intelligence workers.
He was a special agent with the U.S. Diplomatic Security Service.
Washington asked Burton to help the investigation of the assassination of Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin. He used to be the deputy chief of the counter-terrorism part of the U.S. State Department's Diplomatic Security Service. He also investigated the killing of Rabbi Meir Kahane, the al Qaeda New York City bombing plots before the September 11 attacks and the Libyan-backed terrorist attacks against diplomats in Sana'a and Khartoum. He helped in the arrest of Ramzi Yousef, the mastermind of the first World Trade Center bombing in 1993.
Burton is the author of a memoir called Ghost: Confessions of a Counterterrorism Agent. It was published by Random House in 2008. Another memoir is Chasing Shadows: A Special Agent's Lifelong Hunt to Bring a Cold War Assassin to Justice, published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2011.
Burton was moved to the Texas Border Security Council on September 11, 2007 by Governor Rick Perry.
In August 2009 he was hired as the Texas Department of Public Safety's Assistant Director for Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism but left after 2 months. This was because he wanted to work on his writing and speaking career.
Muzaffargarh District

Muzaffargarh District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Muzaffargarh is the capital.
Tehsils
The district Muzaffargarh is divided in to five administrative tehsils.
Youngtown, Arizona

Youngtown is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States.
Cockburn Town

Cockburn Town is the capital city of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
Geography
Cockburn Town is in the Grand Turk Island, the largest island in the Turks Islands archipelago. Historic 18th and 19th century Bermudian architecture can be seen on Duke and Front Streets in the town. The town is known for its long, narrow streets and old street lamps.
The closest area where ships can come near the city is Hawk's Nest Anchorage, which, though protected from the wind, should only be entered in good light because of reefs near the entrance.
History
The seat of government ever since 1766, Cockburn Town was the first permanent settlement on any of the islands, founded in 1681 by salt collectors who arrived in the Turks and Caicos Islands. The city supposedly lies on the place where Juan Ponce de Leon first landed on the island.
Main sights
National Museum
Cockburn Town is home to the Turks & Caicos National Museum, which is housed in the colonial-era Guinep House, on Front Street. The house is believed to be over 180 years old and is named after the large and old Guinep tree that is in front of the building. The site was donated to the Museum in 1990.
Some of the exhibits detail the history of the Lucayans (the original people of the islands), the Space Race, Turks and Caicos postage stamps, slavery and the history of the slave trade, the sisal and salt industries, royal events, as well as a general history of the islands. The museum also maintains a garden, which is adjacent to the Guinep House.
Also of interest are the museum's research projects, including its "Message in a Bottle" Project, recording nearly 40 years' worth of messages found in bottles on the beaches of Grand Turk.
Hugh D. Auchincloss

Hugh Dudley Auchincloss Jr. (August 15, 1897 - November 20, 1976) was an American stockbroker and lawyer. He became the second husband of Nina S. Gore, mother of Gore Vidal, and also the second husband of Janet Lee Bouvier, the mother of First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (wife of President John F. Kennedy) and Caroline Lee Bouvier.
In 1927, he was appointed an aviation expert in the State Department. Four years later in 1931, he resigned government service to form a brokerage firm.
In 1931, he bought his seat on the New York Stock Exchange for $235,000.
Saint-Omer, Calvados

Saint-Omer, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Bob Hugin

Robert John "Bob" Hugin (born July 23, 1954) is an American businessman and politician. He used to be the executive chair of Celgene, a biopharmaceutical company.
Hugin is on the board of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) and was its chairman from April 2013 to April 2014. He is an independent director at The Medicines Co. He is on the boards of many foundations and educational institutions, including the Board of Trustees of Princeton University, the Darden Foundation at UVA, and Family Promise, a national non-profit network assisting homeless families.
Hugin was the Republican nominee for U.S. Senate in New Jersey in the 2018 election. He lost in the general election to incumbent Bob Menendez in November 2018.
La Carcacha

"La Carcacha" () is a song by American singer Selena. The music video became Selena's first music video, which was released in 1992. The song also helped Selena to tour in Mexico and reached within the top ten of Billboards Hot Latin Tracks chart.
Selena songs
1992 songs
Songs written by A.B. Quintanilla
Spanish-language songs
Golden plates

Followers of the Latter Day Saint Movement believe that Joseph Smith was visited by an angel who gave him the Golden Plates from which he translated the Book of Mormon, one of the faith's sacred texts. They were found on September 22, 1823 on Cumorah hill in Manchester, New York.
Namakkal district

Namakkal District is an administrative district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The district was divided from Salem district with Namakkal town as Headquarters on 25-07-1996 and started to function independently from 01-01-1997. The district has seven taluks (subdivisions): Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Rasipuram, Velur, Sendamangalam, Komarapalayam, and Kolli Hills. It has two Revenue Divisions: Namakkal and Tiruchengode. As of 2011, Namakkal district had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex-ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males.
Bienville, Louisiana

Bienville is a village in Bienville Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Loveland, Colorado

Loveland is the Home Rule Municipality in Larimer County, Colorado, United States. Loveland is situated north of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver and is the 14th most populous city in Colorado. As of the 2010 census the population of Loveland was 66,859.
Education
History
Albina Washburn was the first teacher in Loveland. She started teaching there in 1864.
Wilton, Maine

Wilton is a town in Franklin County, Maine, United States.
Doda

Doda may refer to:
Doda, Jammu and Kashmir, a town in India
Doda district, in Jammu and Kashmir, India
Doda (singer) (Dorota Rabczewska-Stepien, born 1984), Polish musician
Ommen

Ommen is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 18,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies at the Vecht river in the region of Salland.
Nuclear engineering

Nuclear engineering is a field of engineering dealing with application of atomic nuclei breakdown and other sub-atomic physics, based on the principles of nuclear physics. It includes the interaction and maintenance of nuclear fission systems and components such as nuclear reactors, nuclear power plants, and nuclear weapons.
Nuclear engineering also includes the study of nuclear fusion, medical and other applications of radiation, radiation safety, heat transport, nuclear fuel and other related technologies, nuclear proliferation, and the effect of radioactive waste or radioactivity on the environment.
Muhammad Ali

Not to be mistaken for the Muhammad Ali who became Muhammad Ali Pasha, Wali of Egypt and Sudan
Muhammad Ali (born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.; January 17, 1942 - June 3, 2016) was an American boxer. He became one of the most famous boxers in the world with his "rope-a-dope" technique. He was also well known for his clever rhymes. In 1999, Ali was named "Sportsman of the Century" by Sports Illustrated magazine. He won the World Heavyweight Boxing Championship three times. Ali also won an Olympic gold medal for boxing during the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. Ali was also known as "The Greatest".
Ali was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He was named after his father, Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. but changed his name after converting to Islam according to the Nation of Islam in 1965. Because of his Islamic beliefs, Ali would not fight in the Vietnam War when the army tried drafting him. This made him an international figure around the world. Ali retired from boxing in 1981. In the early 1980s, it was found out that Ali had Parkinson's syndrome. He became well known for his social work and charity.
Muhammad Ali was married four times. He had seven daughters and two sons. One of his sons was adopted by him.
On December 20, 2014, Ali was hospitalized for a mild case of pneumonia. Ali was once again hospitalized on January 15, 2015 for a urinary tract infection after being found unresponsive at a guest house in Scottsdale, Arizona. He was released the next day.
Health and Death
Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. On June 3, 2016, Ali died from septic shock due to respiratory problems at a Scottsdale, Arizona hospital, aged 74.
Property Is No Longer a Theft

Property Is No Longer a Theft () is a 1973 Italian French comedy movie directed by Elio Petri and starring Ugo Tognazzi, Flavio Bucci, Daria Nicolodi, Salvo Randone, Mario Scaccia, Julien Guiomar, Jacques Herlin, Gigi Proietti.
Reg E. Cathey

Reginald Eugene Cathey (August 18, 1958 - February 9, 2018) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles as Norman Wilson in The Wire, Martin Querns in Oz, Dr. Franklin Storm in the 2015 reboot of The Fantastic Four, and Freddy Hayes in House of Cards.
Cathey was born in Huntsville, Alabama.
For his role as Hayes, it earned him three Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series, including a win in 2015.
Cathey died of lung cancer on February 9, 2018 in New York City at the age of 59.
Talmadge Memorial Bridge

The Talmadge Memorial Bridge is a bridge in the United States across the Savannah River between downtown Savannah, Georgia and Hutchinson Island, Georgia. It carries US 17. The original bridge was built in 1953. A replacement bridge was completed in 1991, also referred to as the Talmadge Memorial Bridge. The bridge is named after Georgia governor Eugene Talmadge.
List of African countries by Human Development Index

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a number from 0 to 1 (higher is better) used to compare different countries. It is published by United Nations Development Programme. It is used to rank countries into different groups for example developed and developing countries.
The Human Development Index uses different measurements of a population:
Life expectancy at birth. This is used to see how healthy the people in one country are. It assumes that healthier people live longer on average.
Literacy is used to look at how educated people are, for example how many adults can read and write. One third of this is the gross enrollment ratio, which measures how many of children of schooling age attend school.
Standard of living. This is measured by calculating the gross domestic product with the total population so that it becomes comparable.
List of African countries
This is a list of the Human Development Index (HDI) for countries in Africa from the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report for 2019, published in 2020.
The House of the Seven Gables

The House of the Seven Gables is a novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It was published in 1851. The book is about an old New England family. Themes include guilt, revenge, and atonement. The supernatural and witchcraft are a part of the story. An old house in Salem, Massachusetts was used as background for the story. The house belonged to Hawthorne's cousin Susanna Ingersoll. He visited the house often. He was also inspired by his ancestors. They played a part in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. The book was well received. The House of the Seven Gables has been adapted to movies and television shows.
Isabeau of Bavaria

Isabeau of Bavaria (c. 1371 - September 24, 1435) was queen of France and wife of Charles VI of France. She married on July 17, 1385 and played an important role in running the country when her husband developed insanity. She was very unpopular and the country was losing the Hundred Years' War during this time.
2018–19 NHL season

The 2018-19 NHL season was the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams competed in an 82-game regular season. The regular season began on October 3, 2018, and ended on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs began on April 10, 2019, and the Stanley Cup Finals concluded on June 12, 2019, with the St. Louis Blues winning their first Stanley Cup in the Finals over the Boston Bruins in seven games.
Standings
Tie Breakers:
1. Fewer number of games played
2. Greater Regulation + OT Wins (ROW)
3. Greatest number of points earned in head-to-head play (If teams played an uneven number of head-to-head games, the result of the first game on the home ice of the team with the extra home game is discarded.)
4. Greater Goal differential
Playoffs
Bracket
Statistics
Scoring leaders
The following players led the league in regular season points at the conclusion of games played on April 6, 2019.
Leading goaltenders
The following goaltenders led the league in regular season goals against average at the conclusion of games played on April 6, 2019, while playing at least 1,800 minutes.
NHL awards
The league's awards will be presented at the NHL Awards ceremony, to be held following the 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs at a site to be determined. Finalists for voted awards are announced during the playoffs and winners are presented at the award ceremony. Voting will conclude immediately after the end of the regular season. The Presidents' Trophy, the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl are not presented at the awards ceremony. The Lester Patrick Trophy is announced during the summer and presented in the fall.
All-Star teams
Milestones
First games
The following is a list of notable players who played their first NHL game during the 2018-19 season, listed with their first team.
Pandanaceae

Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants found in the Old World tropical and subtropical regions, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains five genera and about 900 species of trees, shrubs and root climbers. Most members of the family prefer living in coastal or marshy areas.
Reggie Watts

Reginald Lucien Frank Roger Watts (born March 23, 1972) is a German-born American comedian, actor, beatboxer and musician. He appeared on the IFC series Comedy Bang! Bang! and leads the house band for The Late Late Show with James Corden.
Lina Hahne

Lina Hahne (born January 23, 1984) was crowned Miss Sweden on June 26. She represented the country in Miss Universe 2008.
Chicago Wolves

The Chicago Wolves are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1994. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Vegas Golden Knights of the NHL. They play their home games in Rosemont, Illinois at the Allstate Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Gwinnett Gladiators.
The Duchess (movie)

The Duchess is a 2008 drama movie directed by Saul Dibb. It is about the 18th-century English noblewoman Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire. It stars actors Keira Knightley and Ralph Fiennes. The movie was based on a book by Amanda Foreman.
The costume designer Michael O'Connor was nominated for, and won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design, the BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design and the Satellite Award for Best Costume Design.
BSA Bantam

The BSA Bantam is a small two-stroke motorcycle that was made by the Birmingham Small Arms company from 1949 to 1972.
The Young Magician (movie)

The Young Magician (; ) is a 1987 Canadian Polish fantasy movie directed by Waldemar Dziki and is the fourth movie in the Tales for All series. It stars Rusty Jedwab, Eduard Garson, Michal Szewczyk, Wladyslaw Kowalski, Andrzej Szczepkowski, Andrzej Blumenfeld, Piotr Polk, Zbigniew Suszynski.
George Washington Carver

George Washington Carver (c. January 1860 - January 5, 1943) was an American educator, botanist (someone who works with plants), and inventor. He is best known for his work with peanuts, sweet potatoes, and other crops.
Carver's reputation is based on his research into and promotion of alternative crops to cotton, such as peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes, which also aided nutrition for farm families. He wanted poor farmers to grow alternative crops both as a source of their own food and as a source of other products to improve their quality of life.
The most popular of his 44 practical bulletins for farmers contained 105 food recipes using peanuts. He also developed and promoted about 100 products made from peanuts that were useful for the house and farm, including cosmetics, dyes, paints, plastics, gasoline, and nitroglycerin. He received numerous honors for his work, including the Spingarn Medal of the NAACP.
He was born into slavery in January 1864 in Diamond, Missouri. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He studied in Simpson College when he was 22. Much of Carver's fame is based on his research. He died on January 5, 1943 after a fall he had in his home in Tuskegee, Alabama on January 5, 1943.
Zuzubaland

Zuzubaland () is a Brazilian Flash-animated children's television series based on the 1997 book Jujubalandia and the animated reboot of the 1998 live-action program of the same name. It was created, directed and written by Mariana Caltabiano. It originally aired on Boomerang in May 25, 2018.
Plot
The series revolves around the bee girl named Zuzu and her friends in the kingdom of Zuzubaland.
Characters
Zuzu () a cute and tomboyish little bee girl with green eyes, black Mary Jane shoes and a pink nose.
Rocky Cocoa () a black man who loves boxing and judo.
Hot Dog () a sweet tooth dog who likes to lie down and roll around in puddles of mustard and ketchup. He is also Rocky Cocoa's best friend.
Popcorn () a girl who is Zuzu's best friend. She likes to talk on the cell phone and send messages to his friends.
Sundae () a 10 year old boy who is very shy and in love with Popcorn.
Garfidea () a purple spider who is Witch's assistant.
Fast () the fastest guy in the world. He is King Appetite's assistant and messenger.
Marsha Mallow () a lazy girl.
King Appetite () the King of Zuzubaland.
Sushiroco () a Japanese chef who lives on the ocean shores. He works at a Japanese restaurant and Karaoke. His pets are two sharks named "Missoshiro" and "Sukiaki".
The Witch () the main antagonist of the series, she hates food, joy and Zuzu's song. She wants to destroy the kingdom of Zuzubaland.
Lupe Ontiveros

Lupe Ontiveros (September 17, 1942 - July 26, 2012) was an Mexican-American movie and television actress. Ontiveros acted in a lot of movies and television series. She usually took the role of a maid or a grandmother. Ontiveros has told interviewers that she has played a maid at least 150 times on stage and in movies. She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her role on Desperate Housewives. She also was given positive reviews for her role in Chuck and Buck. She won the National Board of Review award for Best Supporting Actress. She was also nominated for an Independent Spirit Award. Ontiveros took the role as Yolanda Saldivar in the 1997 biographical movie Selena.
Personal life
Ontiveros was born Guadalupe Moreno in El Paso, Texas, to Mexican immigrant parents.
Ontiveros and her husband, Elias, have three sons. Elias and their sons live in Pico Rivera, California. Lupe Ontiveros died on July 26, 2012. She died of liver cancer. She was 69 years old.
Christian hedonism

Christian hedonism is a controversial Christian doctrine in some evangelical churches, partly those of the Reformed tradition. This term was made by Baptist pastor John Piper in his 1986 book Desiring God. Piper talks about this philosophy of the Christian life as "God is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in Him."
hedonism
Baptism

Baptism is a rite or ceremony performed by most Christian churches and denominations. It is done as a cleansing symbol. It shows that the person being baptized has become a follower of Jesus, and it can represent the joining of the Christian family.
Methods
Roman Catholicism baptize infants to mark their becoming members of the church. It is a sacrament usually performed by a priest. In most other churches, it is when the person is old enough to decide that they are ready.
Some religious groups practice baptism by sprinkling a small amount of water on the person, usually their head. Other groups put the person inside the water.
Bible times
In the Old Testament, a similar washing ceremony was done when priests were ordained. Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist before he began his ministry. The usual form of baptism among the earliest Christians was for the person to be immersed totally or partially. But sprinkling, or pouring, was also practiced at an early day with sick and dying persons when total or partial immersion was not practical.
1679

1679 was a common year.
Events
January 24 - King Charles II of England disbands Parliament
June 22 - the Duke of Monmouth subdues an insurrection of Scottish Covenanters at Birthwell Bridge
August 7 - The brigantine Le Griffon, which was commissioned by Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, is towed to the southern end of the Niagara River, to become the first ship to sail the upper Great Lakes.
December 24 - Domenico Sarro, a composer from Italy, was born.
Battle of Bothwell Bridge
Habeas Corpus Act 1679 passed in England.
European explorers discover Niagara Falls.
Graçay

Gracay is a commune. It is in Centre-Val de Loire in the Cher department in central France. In 2019, 1,432 people lived there.
Lake Ruovesi

Lake Ruovesi is a lake in Finland. It covers . It collects water from Keuruun reitti, Pihlajaveden reitti and Ahtarin reitti. Lake Ruovesi flows to Palovesi.
List of Philippine–American War Medal of Honor recipients

The Philippine-American War was an armed military conflict between the United States and the First Philippine Republic. It was fought from 1899 to at least 1902. The conflict arose from a Filipino political struggle against U.S. occupation of the Philippines. While the conflict was officially declared over on July 4, 1902, American troops continued hostilities against remnants of the Philippine Army and other resistance groups until 1913. Some historians consider these unofficial extensions part of the war.
The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War. It is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal it is commonly presented after the recipient has been killed (posthumously).
Eighty-six men received the Medal of Honor for their actions in the Philippine-American War. 70 from the Army. 10 from the Navy. 6 from the Marine Corps. Four of the medals were posthumous. Among the recipients were Webb Hayes who was the son of former U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes. Two well known Marine Corps officers, Hiram I. Bearss and David Dixon Porter. Bearss became known for leading long-range reconnaissance patrols behind enemy lines. He was later wounded as a colonel in World War I. Porter was from a distinguished military family and rose to become a major general. Jose B. Nisperos was a member of the Philippine Scouts. He was honored for continuing to fight after being wounded and was the first Asian recipient of the Medal of Honor.
Pont-les-Moulins

Pont-les-Moulins is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Meg Hillier

Meg Hillier (born 1969, Hampstead) is the Labour MP for Hackney South and Shoreditch. She was also the Mayor of Islington, where she lives. She read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at St Hilda's College, Oxford. She is currently Chair of the Public Accounts Committee in Parliament after taking over from Margaret Hodge.