kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
La Grange, Texas

La Grange ( ) is a city in Fayette County, Texas, United States, near the Colorado River. La Grange is in the center of the Texas-German belt. The population was 4,391 at the 2020 census, and in 2018 the estimated population was 4,632. La Grange is the county seat of Fayette County.
Sister cities
Frenstat pod Radhostem, Czech Republic
Olfen, Germany
Notable people
Homer Bailey, pitcher on the Minnesota Twins, attended La Grange High School
J. K. Dobbins, running back for Ohio State and the Baltimore Ravens.
Kendall, Florida

Kendall is a census-designated place in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. At the 2010 census, about 75,371 people lived here.
Takna Jigme Sangpo

Takna Jigme Sangpo (1926 - 17 October 2020) was the longest-serving political prisoner of Tibetan ethnicity. He spent 37 years in a prison near Lhasa.
He was first imprisoned in 1965, he was released from prison on a medical parole on 31 March 2002 having reached the age of 76. He resided in the Drapchi Prison.
Fabrício de Souza

Fabricio de Souza (born 5 July 1982) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Cruzeiro.
Federico García Lorca

Federico del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus Garcia Lorca; (5 June 1898 - 19 August 1936) was a Spanish poet, dramatist and theatre director. Garcia Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27. He is believed to be one of thousands who were summarily shot by anti-communist death squads during the Spanish Civil War. He was gay. In 2008, a Spanish judge opened an investigation into Lorca's death. The Garcia Lorca family eventually dropped objections to the excavation of a potential gravesite near Alfacar. However, no human remains were found.
Mathieu de Costa

Mathieu de Costa was the first known African to come to Canada, in the early 17th century. He was a storekeeper and translator. He spoke many languages including Portuguese, French, Dutch, English, pidgin Basque, his original African language, and Mikmaq. He helped to make a connection between the Europeans and the Mikmaq people. He was a freeman. Europeans liked that he talked many languages. The Port Royal Habitation National Historic Site of Canada remembers his work. They are in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia.
Mesobatrachia

Mesobatrachia is the second largest of the Anura suborders of amphibians. It has 6 families, 20 genera and 168 species. The name suggests they are moderately old.
Mesobatrachia are a newer group. They were identified in 1993.
Robert Koch

Robert Koch (11 December 1843 - 27 May 1910) was a German doctor. He won the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for studying tuberculosis.
The Royal Prussian Institute for Infectious Disease started in 1891, is now called the Robert Koch Institute.
Koch's postulates
Koch developed a system to check whether a microorganism caused a disease. The system was four questions, known as Koch's postulate.
Koch's postulates are the following:
The micro-organism must be common in all organisms with the disease, but absent from healthy organisms.
The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.
The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
The microorganism must be taken from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and shown to be identical to the original one which caused the disease.
The postulates are still useful. Many variations have been developed.
Australian lace-lid

The Australian lace-lid, Day's big-eyed tree frog or lace-eyed tree frog (Ranoidea dayi) is a tree frog from Australia. It lives in northeastern Queensland.
The adult frog is 5.0 cm long. Unlike other male frogs, which can sing in groups, male Australian lace-lids are always at least 1 metre apart from each other when they sing. Scientists think that the males compete against each other for the females, that they are territorial animals.
This frog lives in rainforests, especially mountain rainforests. It will eat almost anything it can catch, usually invertebrates, for example spiders and insects. Its large eyes help it hunt at night.
The female frog lays eggs under rocks in streams where the water flows fast. The eggs are clear and 3.3 to 3.5 mm in diameter. The tadpoles have strong tails so they can swim in the fast water. The tadpoles eat algae on the bottom of the stream. Tadpoles that hatch early become frogs in 3-4 months. Tadpoles that hatch in the fall may stay tadpoles through the winter and become frogs the next year.
Scientists are not sure why this frog is endangered. One idea is that feral pigs have come to their rainforests and rip up the low plants that the frog likes to climb on and hide in. Another idea is that the fugal disease chytridiomycosis could be killing these frogs.
Pygmy cormorant

The pygmy cormorant (Microcarbo pygmaeus) is a member of the cormorant family of seabirds.
Olga Kurylenko

Olga Kurylenko (born 14 November 1979) is a French actress and model. She started acting in 2005. She became famous by playing Bond girl Camille Montes in the movie Quantum of Solace. She also played Julia in the 2013 movie Oblivion.
Kurylenko was born in Berdyansk, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union.
On 15 March 2020, Kurylenko announced she had tested positive for COVID-19.
Stone County, Mississippi

Stone County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 17,786 people lived there. Its county seat is Wiggins.
Antoine Sfeir

Antoine Sfeir (25 November 1948 - 1 October 2018) was a Franco-Lebanese journalist.
Sfeir was the editor of the French journal Les Cahiers de l'Orient (Notebooks from the East). He was the president of the CERPO (Study and Research Center on the Middle East). He was a professor of international relations at the CELSA (Paris-Sorbonne University) school.
Sfeir was also president of the ILERI international relations school (Institut Libre d'Etude des Relations Internationales).
Sfeir was made an Officer of the Legion of Honour in 2009. He died on 1 October 2018, aged 69.
John IV of Portugal

John IV (, ; 19 March 1604 - 6 November 1656), nicknamed John the Restorer (), was the King of Portugal whose reign, lasting from 1640 until his death, began the Portuguese restoration of independence from Habsburg Spanish rule. His accession established the House of Braganza on the Portuguese throne, and marked the end of the 60-year-old Iberian Union, by which Portugal and Spain shared the same monarch.
Before becoming king, he was John II, 8th Duke of Braganza. He was the grandson of Catherine, Duchess of Braganza, a claimant to the crown during the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580. On the eve of his death in 1656, the Portuguese Empire was at its territorial zenith, spanning the globe.
Loren Allred

Loren Allred (born September 7, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. Allred made her Billboard debut with "Never Enough" from the soundtrack to the musical The Greatest Showman. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Career
The Voice
In 2012 Loren was a contestant on season 3 of the television show The Voice and selected Adam Levine as her coach. Allred was eliminated after the first week of the live playoffs, tying for 13th place.
She was cast as the singing voice of Rebecca Ferguson's Jenny Lind on the project The Greatest Showman. The movie's soundtrack was successful, going platinum and topping the Billboard albums chart in January 2018. The same month, Allred's featured song, "Never Enough," reached number 88 on the Hot 100.
Edward Gnat

Edward Gnat (1 March 1940 - 6 January 2021) was a Polish politician. He was a Deputy from 1985 to 1989 and again from 1993 to 1997. He was born in Maurzyce, Poland.
Gnat died, aged 80, in Lodz, of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.
Solitary confinement

Solitary confinement is a punishment or special form of imprisonment. A prisoner is not allowed contact with anyone, except the prison staff. It may be a kind of psychological torture. It is also used to protect one prisoner from other inmates in the prison.
Solitary confinement has many other names. In American English it is also called the 'hole', 'lockdown', the 'SHU' (pronounced 'shoe') or the 'pound'. In British English people say 'block' or 'the cooler'.
Use and criticism
People who think solitary confinement is necessary give several reasons. Some prisoners are considered dangerous to other people in the prison. Other prisoners might be able to lead crime groups even from inside jail. Also, solitary confinement can be used to stop prisoners from communicating with others because of possible fears about national security. Finally, it may be used for prisoners who are at high risk of being attacked by other inmates, such as pedophiles, celebrities, or witnesses who are in prison themselves. This form of solitary confinement is sometimes called protective custody.
In the US Federal Prison system, solitary confinement is known as the Special Housing Unit (SHU), . California's prison system also uses the abbreviation SHU, but it stands for Security Housing Units. In other states, it is known as the Special Management Unit (SMU), pronounced .
Opponents of solitary confinement claim that it is cruel and unusual punishment and torture. Taking away social contact, and the sensory input is usually part of solitary confinement and can have a powerful negative effect on a prisoner's mind. This may lead to mental illnesses such as depression and even death since humans are social animals.
Jamshid Amouzegar

Jamshid Amouzegar (25 June 1923 - 27 September 2016) was an Iranian economist, artist and politician. He was the prime minister of Iran from 7 August 1977 to 27 August 1978 when he resigned. Before that, he served as the minister of interior and minister of finance in the cabinet of Amir-Abbas Hoveida. He was the leader of Rastakhiz Party during his tenure as prime minister.
Amouzegar was born on 25 June 1923 in Tehran, Iran. He graduated from Tehran University with degrees in law and engineering. Then he attended Cornell University and received a PhD. He died on 27 September 2016 in Rockville, Maryland, aged 93.
5th century BC

The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. The ancient Greeks became powerful in this time and won the Greco-Persian wars.
Events
Sophocles is born.
Facial tissue

A facial tissue, or tissue, is a thin, soft, piece of tissue paper. It is used to blow or wipe the nose.
666

666 was a common year in the western calendar, as counted Anno Domini.
Events
Wighard became Archbishop of Canterbury.
Chertsey Abbey was built in England.
Barking Abbey was built in England.
Peggy Shippen

Margaret "Peggy" Shippen Arnold was an American woman from Philadelphia. She helped Benedict Arnold go to the British army during the American Revolutionary War.
Early life and family
Peggy was born in 1760 to Edward Shippen IV and his wife, Margaret Francis. The Shippens were a powerful family in Philadelphia.
American Revolutionary War
During the American Revolutionary War, Shippen's parents tried to stay neutral. Her older sister Elizabeth married a colonel in the Continental Army. When the British Army occupied Philadelphia, Peggy Shippen made friends with Major John Andre. They wrote letters back and forth to each other after Andre left Philadelphia.
In 1779, when she was nineteen years old, Peggy Shippen married Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army. Later, Arnold decided to defect, or change sides, and fight for the British instead. Historians do not know whether Peggy Shippen tried to get him to make this decision, but she helped him after he did. Shippen helped him meet with John Andre and then sent letters between the two men using codes. Shippen helped Arnold become the commander of West Point so he could trade it to the British Army.
When Arnold was caught, Peggy helped him escape and destroyed evidence. When George Washington and Alexander Hamilton showed up at West Point, she pretended that she had not known about Arnold's plan. She pretended to be surprised and upset. She pretended so well that both Washington and Hamilton believed her.
Peggy was not put in jail, but the city council of Philadelphia told Shippen she could not live there any more. She went to New York City, which the British Army held at the time.
After the war
After the British Army surrendered at the Battle of Yorktown, Benedict Arnold and Peggy moved to London. The king and queen liked Peggy. King George III gave her PS350 for helping the army and Queen Charlotte gave her a yearly payment of PS100.
Peggy Shippen went back to Philadelphia for a visit in 1791. People there did not like her, and some even protested. When Benedict Arnold died in 1803, Shippen found she owed money to many people. Peggy Shippen died in 1804.
In popular culture
Shippen is a character in the television series Turn. In the series, she has a romance with John Andre.
St. Antönien Ascharina

St. Antonien Ascharina used to be a municipality in the canton of Graubunden, Switzerland. Until 1953, the municipality was named Ascharina. Since 2007, became a part of the municipality of St. Antonien.
Carolina parakeet

The Carolina parakeet (binomial name Conuropsis carolinensis) is an extinct species of parrot.
It was the last parrot type to have lived before the European conquest in the eastern United States. It was found from the Ohio Valley to the Gulf of Mexico, and lived in old woods along rivers.
The last wild Carolina parakeet was killed in Okeechobee County in Florida in 1904, and the last bird kept by people died at the Cincinnati Zoo in 1918. This was the male bird called "Incas", who died within a year of his mate "Lady Jane". It was not until 1939, however, that it was agreed that all the Carolina parakeets had died.
At some date between 1937 and 1955, three parakeets looking like this sort of bird were seen and recorded on videotape in the Okefenokee Swamp of Georgia. However, the American Ornithologists Union thought that they had probably recorded escaped pets. Additional sightings were recorded in Okeechobee County in Florida until the end of the 1920s.
Reasons for extinction
The Carolina parakeet died out for a number of reasons. To make space for more farms, large areas of forest were cut down, taking away its living space. The colorful feathers (green body, yellow head, and red around the bill) were in demand as decorations in ladies' hats, and the birds were kept as pets. Even though the birds were bred easily in captivity, little was done to make sure enough birds were bred to avoid their dying out. Finally, they were killed in large numbers because farmers thought they were pests.
Another reason that led to their extinction was that, unfortunately, they liked to return in large flocks to places where some of them had just been killed. This led to even more being shot by hunters as they gathered about the wounded and dead members of the flock.
Tekka Raja Badsha

Tekka Raja Badsha () is a Bengali television comedy drama that will begin streaming soon. It will air on the television channel called STAR Jalsha. The show will star Yuvraj Chowdhury, Somraj Maity, and Soumik Saha in lead roles. The show is similar to the Hindi movie Amar Akbar Anthony which was directed by Manmohan Desai.
West Hanningfield

West Hanningfield is a village and civil parish in City of Chelmsford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1008 people living in West Hanningfield.
Romano Mazzoli

Romano Louis Mazzoli (born November 2, 1932) is an American politician. He represented Kentucky's Third Congressional District from 1971 through 1995 as a Democrat. He was the primary architect, with Senator Alan Simpson, of major immigration reform legislation known as Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.
Shairem

Shairem is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Lintgen

Lintgen () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Mersch.
As of 2019, 3,108 people live here.
Triangulum galaxy

The Triangulum galaxy is a spiral galaxy approximately 3 million light years (ly) from Earth in the constellation Triangulum.
The Triangulum galaxy is the third-largest member of the Local Group of galaxies, which includes the Milky Way galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy and about 50 other smaller galaxies. It is one of the most distant permanent objects that can be viewed with the naked eye.
It is catalogued as Messier 33 or NGC 598, and is sometimes informally referred to as the Pinwheel galaxy, a nickname it shares with Messier 101.
Properties
Structure
In the French astronomer Gerard de Vaucouleurs' revised Hubble Sandage (VRHS) system of galaxy morphological classification, the Triangulum Galaxy is classified as type SA(s)cd. The S prefix says that it is a spiral galaxy. The A is assigned when the center of the galaxy lacks a bar-shaped structure, unlike SB class barred spiral galaxies. American astronomer Allan Sandage's "(s)" notation is used when the spiral arms emerge directly from the center, instead of an inner ring like an (r)-type galaxy. Finally, the cd suffix describes the openness of the arms. cd means loosely wound arms.
This galaxy has an inclination of 54deg to the line of sight from the Earth, allowing the structure to be examined without significant obstruction by gas and dust. The disk of the Triangulum Galaxy appears warped out to a radius of about 8 kpc. There may be a halo surrounding the galaxy, but there is no bulge at the center. This is an isolated galaxy and there are no indications of recent interactions with other galaxies, and it lacks the small following galaxies or tidal tails associated with the Milky Way.
Triangulum is classified as unbarred, but another look at the galaxy shape shows a weak bar-like structure around the galactic nucleus. The center of this galaxy is the most luminous source of X-rays in the Local Group of galaxies. However, the center does not appear to contain a supermassive black hole, as an upper limit of 3,000 solar masses is placed on the mass of a central black hole based upon the speed of stars in the core region.
The inner part of the galaxy has two spiral arms, along with multiple spurs that connect the inner to the outer spiral features. The main arms are called IN (north) and IS (south).
Pacific Islander Americans

Pacific Islander Americans are the Indigenous people from the regions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The Pacific Island group includes more than 20 islands. According to 2019 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, about 1.4 million people identify as Pacific Islanders.
Royston

Royston is a town near the A 505 road in North Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, England. In 2001 there were 14,570 people living in Royston. Royston is a very historic town as it has the meridian of time running through it. We also have the Roy stone. Royston was originally called Roysia but the arrival of the stone lead to a change of the towns name. There is also a historic cave which is imagined to be a religious work as it has a lot of religious images around it. There are many schools in Royston including Roysia, Greneway and Meridian which are called Rsat (Royston Schools Academy Trust) These three schools are about to link together to become one.
Castor, Louisiana

Castor is a village in Bienville Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Meet Bill

Meet Bill (formerly known as Bill) is a 2008 comedy movie written and directed by Bernie Goldmann and Melisa Wallick and starring Aaron Eckhart and Jessica Alba.
Leif Erikson

Leif Eriksson or Ericsson, Erickson, and Ericksson (c. 970 - c. 1020) was a Norse explorer. He was the first known European to travel to North America.
Erikson was probably born in Iceland between 970-975 and grew up in Greenland. He had two brothers named Thorstien and Thorvald and a sister named Freydis. His father was Erik the Red, who had created colonies in Greenland. Eriksson is said to have visited North America long before anyone else in Europe did. According to Icelandic sagas (stories) he started a Viking settlement in Vinland. Many people think this was L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland in Canada. After landing in North America and when he was going back to Greenland, he rescued a man in his crew who had sunk. From that moment on, he was called "Leif the Lucky". He is generally believed to be the first European to reach the North American continent, nearly four centuries before Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492.
Vance Amory

Vance Winkworth Amory (22 May 1949 - 2 April 2022) was a Saint Kitts and Nevis politician and cricketer. He was the Premier of Nevis, from 1992 to 2006 and from 2013 to 2017. He also was the Minister of Sports in the Nevis Island Administration.
He founded and led the Concerned Citizens' Movement. The Vance W. Amory International Airport is named after him.
Amory died on 2 April 2022, aged 72.
French dip sandwich

The French dip sandwich is a popular dish. It is a sandwich, usually on French bread, with roast beef on the inside. It comes with a special sauce called jus which is usually made with the juice and fat that came off the roast beef when they were cooking it. It was not originally from France; two restaurants in Los Angeles, California, Cole's and Philippe's, both claim to have invented it.
Hérault (river)

The Herault () is a river in southern France that flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The Herault department is named after this river.
Geography
The Herault river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of of which 64.8% are forests and 32.0% are used for farming.
Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Agde, near its mouth.
Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Agden
Course
The Herault starts in the Col de Prat Peyrot on the Mont Aigoual, in the Cevennes, southeastern Massif Central, in the commune of Valleraugue, Gard department, at an altitude of about .
The Herault flows to the south, in general, and passes through the Gard and Herault, in the Occitanie region, and a total of 43 communes, most of them in the Herault department:
Occitanie region
Gard: Notre-Dame-de-la-Rouviere, Roquedur, Saint-Andre-de-Majencoules, Saint-Julien-de-la-Nef, Valleraugue
Herault: Agde, Agones, Aniane, Argelliers, Aspiran, Belarga, Bessan, Brissac, Campagnan, Canet, Castelnau-de-Guers, Causse-de-la-Selle, Cazilhac, Cazouls-d'Herault, Florensac, Ganges, Gignac, Lagamas, Laroque, Lezignan-la-Cebe, Montagnac, Paulhan, Pezenas, Le Pouget, Pouzols, Puechabon, Saint-Andre-de-Sangonis, Saint-Bauzille-de-Putois,Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert, Saint-Jean-de-Fos, Saint-Pargoire, Saint-Pons-de-Mauchiens, Saint-Thibery, Tressan, Usclas-d'Herault
Finally, it flows into the Mediterranean Sea in Agde, in the Herault department.
William Griffiths (politician)

For other people named William Griffiths, see William Griffiths (disambiguation).
William Griffiths (7 April 1912-14 April 1973) was a British Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom. He was Member of Parliament for Moss Side from 1945 until 1950. He represented Manchester Exchange from 1950 until his death in 1973.
Mean Girls

Mean Girls is a 2004 American teen comedy movie starring Lindsay Lohan, Rachel McAdams, Tim Meadows, Ana Gasteyer, Amy Poehler, and Tina Fey. It was written by Fey and directed by Mark Waters.
Plot
Mean Girls is about a teenage girl, Cady Heron, who used to be home schooled in Africa but moves to the United States and has to go to a normal high school in Evanston, Illinois. On her first day at school, she hates it. She thinks it is a bit weird because she cannot go to the toilet when she wants, cannot write in green ink and has to stay in the same seat every time she goes into a lesson. On the second day it becomes more successful as she makes new friends, Janis and Damian. When they skip a lesson, Janis and Damian give her a map of the school eating area. It is arranged into different sorts of people and their personalities. At lunch time Cady is on her way to sit with her new friends but is interrupted, then Regina, Gretchen and Karen ("The Plastics") ask her to sit with them and so she sits with them.
Soon, Cady joins the Plastics, and Janis devises a plan to shatter them. Cady convinces Regina to eat these bars that will make her gain weight instead of lose weight.
However, Cady becomes too much like the Plastics, and throws a party at her parents' house without their permission. She tries to hook up with Regina's boyfriend, but he rejects her because she's "just like a clone of Regina now". Janis tells Cady that she's just like one of the Plastics now. Low grades in calculus class force Cady to rethink her plans. She joins the math team, and works on getting her grades up. She manages to help the math team win a championship.
Cast
Lindsay Lohan as Cady Heron
Rachel McAdams as Regina George
Tina Fey as Ms. Sharon Norbury
Tim Meadows as Mr. Ron Duvall
Amy Poehler as Mrs. George
Ana Gasteyer as Mrs. Heron
Lacey Chabert as Gretchen Wieners
Amanda Seyfried as Karen Smith
Lizzy Caplan as Janis Ian
Daniel Franzese as Damian
Neil Flynn as Mr. Heron
Jonathan Bennett as Aaron Samuels
Sequel
Mean Girls 2 was released in 2011 on DVD. None of the actors from Mean Girls were in it apart from Tim Meadows.
Maitland, Missouri

Maitland is a city in Holt County, Missouri, United States.
2019 Ecuadorian protests

The 2019 Ecuadorian protests are an ongoing series of protests and riots against the end of fuel subsidies and austerity measures by President of Ecuador Lenin Moreno and his administration.
The protests began on 3 October 2019, as taxi, bus and truck drivers came out in protest against the planned fuel subsidy abolition. Indigenous peoples groups joined the protests shortly thereafter, along with university students and labour unions. The protesters declared their plan to hold an indefinite general strike, which would last until the government overturned its decision.
President Moreno declared a state of emergency on October 4, 2019, amid nationwide protests against a hike in fuel prices. The protests had weakened the country's transport network with all major roads and bridges blocked in the capital Quito.
Shortly thereafter, President Lenin Moreno refused to discuss a potential reversal of the fuel plans and called protesting crowds as "criminals".
On 8 October 2019, President Moreno said his government had relocated to the coastal city of Guayaquil after anti-government protesters had overrun the capital Quito. On the same day, President Moreno accused his predecessor Rafael Correa of creating a coup against the government with the help of Venezuela's Nicolas Maduro, a charge which Correa denied.
During the late-night hours of 13 October, the Ecuadorian government and CONAIE reached an agreement during a televised negotiation. Both parties agreed to collaborate on new economic measures to combat overspending and debt. The austerity measures were reversed.
Crowder, Oklahoma

Crowder is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
Who's That Chick?

"Who's That Chick?" is a 2010 song by David Guetta featuring Rihanna. It was originally meant to be on Rihanna's fifth studio album Loud but was not included and was included on Guetta's fourth studio album One More Love. It is based on the 1987 song Who's That Girl by Madonna. It went to the top 10 in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Austria, Australia, Brazil, Spain, Israel, Ireland, Iceland, France, Germany, Finland, Norway and Switzerland and topped the single charts in Slovakia and Belgium.
Track listing
Digital download
"Who's That Chick?" (single version; featuring Rihanna) - 2:47
German CD
"Who's That Chick?" (album version; featuring Rihanna) - 3:19
"Who's That Chick?" (FMIF! remix; featuring Rihanna) - 5:20
US digital download (EP)
"Who's That Chick?" (Adam F remix; featuring Rihanna) - 5:00
"Who's That Chick?" (extended version; featuring Rihanna) - 4:35
"Who's That Chick?" (instrumental version) - 3:18
Single-payer healthcare

Single-payer health care is a system in which the government, rather than private insurers, pays for all healthcare costs. Single-payer systems may contract for healthcare services from private organizations. The actual funding of a "single payer" system comes from all or a portion of the covered population. Although the fund holder is usually the state, some forms of single-payer use a mixed public-private system. This is practiced in Canada, the United Kingdom, Estonia and many other countries
Maggie Smith

Dame Margaret Natalie Smith (born 28 December 1934) is a British actress. She is better known as Maggie Smith. She made her stage debut in 1952 and is still performing after 60 years. She has won many awards for acting, both for the stage and for movies, including seven BAFTA Awards (five competitive awards and two special awards including the Bafta Fellowship in 1996), two Academy Awards, two Golden Globes, two Emmy Awards, a Laurence Olivier Award, two SAG Awards and a Tony Award.
Her award winning movies include Othello (1965), The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969), Travels with My Aunt (1972), California Suite (1978), Clash of the Titans (1981), A Room with a View (1985) and Gosford Park (2001). She has also been in a number of widely-popular movies, including Hook (1991), Sister Act (1992) and as Professor Minerva McGonagall in the Harry Potter movie series. She currently stars in the drama Downton Abbey as Violet Crawley, the Dowager Countess of Grantham, for which she has won an Emmy.
Smith was born in Ilford, Essex. She moved to Oxford at age four and went to Oxford High School.
Personal life
Smith has been married twice. She married actor Robert Stephens on 29 June 1967 at Greenwich. The couple had two sons: actors Chris Larkin (born in 1967) and Toby Stephens (born in 1969). They divorced on 6 May 1974.
She married playwright Beverley Cross on 23 August 1975 at Guildford. He died on 20 March 1998.
In 2007, the Sunday Telegraph''' reported that she had breast cancer. She has made a full recovery.
Sprint Corporation

Sprint Nextel Corporation () was a telecommunications company based in Overland Park, Kansas. It operated under the name Sprint, and was once the fourth largest wireless telecommunications network in the United States behind Verizon, AT&T and T-Mobile, with 56.3 million customers, behind Verizon Wireless and AT&T Mobility.
On April 1, 2020, T-Mobile and Sprint merged, with T-Mobile now being the whole owner of Sprint, making Sprint an effective subsidiary of T-Mobile until the Sprint brand was officially phased out. Leadership, background, and stock changes happened immediately, with customer side changes happening over time. Sprint was officially discontinued on August 2, 2020. Billing was already showing the T-Mobile brand, and on this date all retail, customer service, and all other company branding was replaced by T-Mobile. New rate plans were also introduced as well for all new and existing customers from both companies, though they will all will remain with their current plan, if they choose not to switch to a new T-Mobile plan for at least 3 years.
Roman temple

Roman temples were an important part of Rome's history. They had many types of columns all around their exterior. They were used for religious ceremonies or to honor the deceased.
Taisuke Hiramoto

is a former Japanese football player.
Club statistics
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List of Formula One Grands Prix

The following is a complete list of Grands Prix which have been a part of the FIA Formula 1 World Championship since it started in 1950.
At the end of the 2019 season, 1018 World Championship Grands Prix will have been held including the Indy 500 which was a part of the World Championship from 1950 until 1960.
Major auto racing events are usually named Grands Prix, a tradition dating back to the first decade of the 20th Century and the Grand Prix motor racing of the 1920s and 1930s.
Active and past races
The information below is correct as of the 2020 Italian Grand Prix.
By race title
Bold denotes the Grands Prix scheduled as part of the season.
By host nation
Bold denotes the Grands Prix scheduled to be held in the season.
By venue
Bold denotes the Grands Prix scheduled to be held in the season.
Races by season
1950-1959
The 1950s hosted 84 World Championship races.
1960-1969
The 1960s hosted 100 World Championship races.
1970-1979
The 1970s hosted 144 World Championship races.
1980-1989
The 1980s hosted 156 World Championship races.
1990-1999
The 1990s hosted 162 World Championship races.
2000-2009
The 2000s hosted 174 World Championship races.
2010-2019
The 2010s hosted 198 World Championship races.
Doug Ducey

Douglas A. "Doug" Ducey (born April 9, 1964) is an American politician. He was the 23rd Governor of the U.S. State of Arizona. He is a member of the Republican Party, and was sworn in as Governor on January 5, 2015. He also served as the 32nd State Treasurer of Arizona.
Claire Martin

Claire Martin (April 18, 1914 - June 18, 2014) was a Canadian writer. "Claire Martin" was her pseudonym. Her real name was Claire Montreuil.
Life
Martin was born in Quebec City, Quebec. She studied at the Ursuline convent and by the Dames de la Congregation. From 1945 to 1972, she lived in Ottawa and was a writer she created a book called The Race Of The Golden Apples.
Her residence at the University of Ottawa. From 1972 to 1982, she lived in France, before returning to Quebec.
Martin died in Quebec City, aged 100.
Shoreview, Minnesota

Shoreview is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States.
James Brokenshire

James Peter Brokenshire (8 January 1968 - 7 October 2021) was a British politician. He was Minister of State for Security at the Home Office from 2020 to 2021. He was a member of the Conservative Party. He was part of Theresa May's Cabinet as Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government from 2018 to 2019 and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland from 2016 to 2018.
Brokenshire was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Old Bexley and Sidcup from 2010 until his death.
In December 2017, Brokenshire was diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer. He died from the disease on 7 October 2021 at a hospital in Dartford, England at the age of 53.
John Hawkins

Sir John Hawkins (also spelled as John Hawkyns) (Plymouth 1532-12 November 1595) was an English shipbuilder, merchant, navigator, and slave trader. In 1571 he helped uncover a plot against Queen Elizabeth I of England.
Quitman, Texas

Quitman is a city in the state of Texas in the United States. It is the county seat of Wood County. About 1,811 people lived there in 2013. It was named for John A. Quitman, a governor of Mississippi. Sissy Spacek was born in Quitman.
Debt bondage

Bonded labour or debt bondage (or debt slavery) is a term used to refer to a situation where someone (a debtor) has to work for the person who lent him money. Generally, the conditions of this form of forced labour are close to slavery. Bonded labour is one of the most common forms of modern-day slavery-like conditions. Usually, the person working gets paid very little money in return for very hard work. Very often, the exact amount to be re-paid is not defined clearly. The person doing the bonded labour will never be able to pay off the debt through work.
A regular work contract usually gives rights to the person being employed, and the amount of work. In a normal working contract, difficult, dangerous or exhausting work will usually get paid better. This is not the case with debt bondage.
Debt bondage is banned by the Convention of United Nation on slavery in 1956.
Boyden, Iowa

Boyden is a town in Iowa in the United States. The population was 701 at the 2020 census.
The Girl and the Outlaw

The Girl and the Outlaw is a 1908 American western movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Charles Inslee, Gene Gauntier, and Harry Solter.
Rafael Ramón Conde Alfonzo

Rafael Ramon Conde Alfonzo (13 July 1943 - December 10, 2020) was a Venezuelan Roman Catholic bishop. Conde Alfonzo was born in Caracas. He became a priest in 1968. He was titular bishop of Bapara and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Caracas from 1995 to 1997.
He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Guaira from 1997 to 1999. He then became bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Margarita from 1999 to 2008 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Maracay from 2008 to 2009.
Conde Alfonzo died at the age of 77 on 10 December 2020 from pancreatic cancer in Maracay.
Wright County, Minnesota

Wright County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 141,337. Its county seat is Buffalo. The county was founded in 1855.
Dakota people

The Dakota people are a Native American tribe. They are also a part of the First Nations. They make up two of the three main subcultures of the Sioux people. They are usually divided into the Eastern Dakota and the Western Dakota.
The Eastern Dakota are also called the Santee, and are located in the eastern Dakotas, central Minnesota and northern Iowa. They have many federally recognized tribes.
The Western Dakota are also called the Yankton or Yanktonai, and are located in the Missouri River area. They also have many notable federally recognized tribes. They were often mistaken to be the Nakota (who are actually a group of tribes that broke away from the main branches of the Sioux nation in earlier times).
History
The Dakota lived in Wisconsin and Minnesota in the 17th century. By 1700 some had moved to present-day South Dakota. Late in the 17th century, the Dakota became alliances with French merchants. The French tried to use this alliance to help them control the North American fur trade against the English.
Dakota War of 1862
In the late 1850s, treaty violations by the United States and unfair payments by Indian agents (governmental people who were allowed to interact with the natives) led to increasing hunger and hardship among the Dakota. Even though the Dakota tried to negotiate with the U.S. government, nothing was successful. On 16 August 1862, a group of Dakota hunters killed a family of settlers. This led to more attacks on settlers, and soon a full war had begun. On 5 November 1862, 38 Dakota warriors were sentenced to death by hanging. This would later become the largest mass execution in U.S. history.
During and after the revolt, many Eastern Dakota and their family left Minnesota and Eastern Dakota to go to Canada, or settle in the James River Valley in a short-lived reservation. They were then forced to move to the Crow Creek Reservation on the east bank of the Missouri river. Some joined the Western Dakota and moved further west to help the Lakota tribes to continue their fight against the U.S. military.
Others remained in Minnesota and the east, in small reservations that still exist, including Sisseton-Wahpeton, Flandreau, and Devils Lake (Spirit Lake or Fort Totten) Reservations in the Dakotas. Some moved to Nebraska, where the Santee Sioux Tribe today has a reservation on the south bank of the Missouri river.
Those who fled to Canada left nine small reservations for their families in Manitoba (Sioux Valley, Long Plain, Dakota Tipi, Birdtail Creek, and Oak Lake [Pipestone]) and the four more (Standing Buffalo, Moose Woods [White Cap], Round Plain [Wahpeton], and Wood Mountain) in Saskatchewan.
Language
The Dakota language is part of the Siouan languages. People who speak Dakota can also understand the Lakota language. Dakota is written in the Latin script. The language has two major dialects between the Eastern and Western Dakota tribes.
Lamarque

Lamarque is a commune. It is in Aquitaine in the Gironde department in southwest France.
Thinis

Thinis or This (Egyptian: Tjenu) was the capital city of the first dynasties of ancient Egypt. The actual site of Thinis has not yet been discovered. Ancient writers, such as Manetho, said it was the centre of the Thinite Confederacy. Their leader Menes (or Narmer), united Egypt and was its first pharaoh. In the Third Dynasty the capital was moved to Memphis. This meant that Thinis was no longer important. It still played a role in administration becauset was close to border of the competing Heracleopolitan and Theban dynasties of the First Intermediate Period. It was also near oases of military importance, during the Old and New Kingdoms. Thinis lost its position as a regional administrative centre by the Roman period.
Due to its ancient heritage, Thinis remained a significant religious centre. It was the home to the tomb and mummy of the local god. In ancient Egyptian religious cosmology, as seen (for example) in the Book of the Dead, Thinis played a role as a mythical place in heaven.
The exact site of Thinis is unknown. Historians believe its was near ancient Abydos and modern Girga.
Far Rockaway, Queens

Far Rockaway is a neighborhood on the Rockaway Peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens. It is the easternmost section of the Rockaways. The neighborhood starts at the Nassau County line and extends west to Beach 32nd Street. The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 14. The name "Rockaway" may have meant "place of sands" in the Munsee language of the Native American Lenape. Other spellings include Requarkie, Rechouwakie, Rechaweygh, Rechquaakie and Reckowacky (see: Toponymy of New Netherland).
Saint Petersburg Metro

Saint Petersburg Metro is the rapid transit system in the city of Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast (Province) in Russia. It opened on 15 November 1955.
This metro is a combination of strong transport system and beautiful stations with expensive decorations. It is a good addition to the historic image of the city.
There are 5 metro lines and 67 stations. 2-3 million people use it every day.
Toby Kane

Toby Kane (born 30 December 1986) is a skier from Australia. He has a disability. He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the third skier to finish in the standing men's slalom race.
Tea Horse Road

The Tea Horse Road or Chamadao () now mostly called the Ancient Tea Horse Road or Chamagudao () was a network of paths going through the mountains of Sichuan, Yinnuan and Tibet in Southwest China. It was also a tea trade route.
Osceola County, Iowa

Osceola County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2020 census, 6,192 people lived there. The county seat is Sibley.
Medenine Governorate

Medenine Governorate ( ) is one of the twenty-four governorates of Tunisia. It is in the southeastern part of the country. It covers an area of 9,167 km2. As of the 2014 census, 479,520 people lived there. The capital is Medenine.
Peter von Bagh

Kari Peter Conrad von Bagh (29 August 1943 - 17 September 2014) was a Finnish movie historian, writer and director. He worked as the head of the Finnish Film Archive and directed many movie festivals. He was the editor-in-chief of Filmihullu magazine.
From 2001 until his death, he had been the artistic director of the Il Cinema Ritrovato in Bologna, Italy. In 2004, he was a member of the jury in the competition category of the Cannes Film Festival.
Early life and career
Von Bagh was born in Helsinki. He graduated from the University of Helsinki. in 1970. He also was a professor at many other universities across Finland, teaching movie history.
Von Bagh died after a long illness on 17 September 2014 in Helsinki. He was 71.
Hanae Shibata

is a Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Shibata was born in Kitakyushu on July 27, 1992. After graduating from Kamimura Gakuen High School, she joined Urawa Reds in 2011. She was selected Best Eleven in the 2015 season.
In August 2012, Shibata joined the Japan U-20 national team for 2012 U-20 World Cup. She played 6 games and scored 3 goals, and Japan won the 3rd place. Shibata was named the 2012 "Asian Young Footballer of the Year". In August 2015, she joined the Japan national team for 2015 East Asian Cup. At this competition, on August 4, she debuted against South Korea.
Chelsworth Common

Chelsworth Common is a hamlet in Chelsworth, Babergh, Suffolk, England. It has two listed buildings, including Lower Common Farmhouse and Upper Common Cottages.
American Museum of Natural History

The American Museum of Natural History is a museum about science. It is one of the biggest and most-visited museums in the world.
The museum is made of 25 connected buildings in Theodore Roosevelt Park on the Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, USA. It has 46 exhibition halls, a lot of laboratories, a research library, and more than 34 million specimens and artifacts.
More than 200 scientists work at the museum, researching biology, paleontology, earth science, astrophysics, and anthropology. Its graduate school awards doctorate degrees in biology and masters degrees in education. The museum also provides education programs for children and adults, including for teachers.
Famous people who have worked at the museum include Teddy Roosevelt, Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, and Neil DeGrasse Tyson.
P. S. Ramamohan Rao

P. S. Ramamohan Rao (born 31 July 1934) is an Indian politician. He was the Governor of Tamil Nadu from 18 January 2002 to 4 November 2004. He became a member of the Indian Police Service in October 1956. He is a retired Director General of Police of Andhra Pradesh.
He was awarded the Indian Police Medal in 1974 and the President's Police Medal in 1982.
Proboscidea

Proboscidea (meaning "trunked beast") is an order containing only one familiy of living animals, Elephantidae, the elephants, with three living species (African forest elephant, African bush elephant, and Asian elephant).
During the period of the last ice age there were more species. They included a number of species of the elephant-like mammoths and mastodons.
The oldest proboscidean dates from the early Palaeogene period, over 50 million years ago. The evolution of the elephant-like animals mainly concerned the proportions of the cranium and jaw and the shape of the tusks and molar teeth. These were adaptations to various kinds of vegetable. food
Families
Present-day elephants are the survivors of a once larger and more varied family.
Charles G. Dawes

Charles Gates Dawes (August 27, 1865 - April 23, 1951) was an American banker and politician who was the 30th vice president of the United States from 1923 to 1929. For his work on the Dawes Plan for World War I reparations he was a co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served in the First World War, was U.S. Comptroller of the Currency and the first director of the Bureau of the Budget, and in later life the U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom.
Marsa, Aude

Marsa is a commune of 18 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Frying pan

A frying pan, frypan, or skillet is a cooking pan used for frying, searing, and browning foods. It is usually about 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches) across. It is flat and has flared sides and no lid. It is almost always made of metal, such as iron or aluminum.
Bala Garhi

Bala Garhi is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is at 34deg14'0N 72deg9'0E and has a height of 302 metres (994 feet).
Began Jarwar

Began Jarwar is a village and Head quarter of Union Council Began Jarwar of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chamber Taluka. It is in the south of the district to the southeast of the district capital Tando Allahyar at 25deg25'35N 68deg50'20E. The Union Council has 41,890 people.