kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Fossil fuel

Fossil fuels are fuels that come from old life forms that decomposed over a long period of time. The three most important fossil fuels are coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
Petroleum and gas are hydrocarbons (molecules that have only hydrogen and carbon in them). Coal is mostly carbon. These fuels are called fossil fuels because they are dug up from underground. Coal mining digs up solid fuel; gas and oil wells bring up liquid fuel. Fossil fuel was not much used until the Middle Ages. Coal became the main kind of fuel with the Industrial Revolution.
Uses
Most of the fuels people burn are fossil fuels. A big use is to make electricity. In power plants fossil fuels, usually coal, are burned to heat water into steam, which pushes a fan-like object called a turbine. When the turbine spins around, magnets inside the turbine make electricity.
Crude oil (petroleum) can be separated to make various fuels such as LPG, gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, and diesel fuel. These substances are made by fractional distillation in an oil refinery. They are the main fuels in transportation. That means that they are burned in order to move cars, trucks, ships, airplanes, trains and even spacecraft. Without them, there wouldn't be much transport.
People also burn fossil fuels to heat their homes. They use coal less for this than they did long ago, because it makes things dirty. In many homes, people burn natural gas in a stove for cooking.
Fossil fuels are widely used in construction.
Origin
All fossil fuels come from the periods in Earth's history when the Earth had huge tropical forests. In those periods, plants lived, grew and died, faster than they decayed. In other words, they were times when much of the dead vegetation did not entirely decompose. Instead it became coal and related substances such as peat.
The times of the great wetlands which produced coal and peat were in the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian), continuing in the first part of the Permian; the Jurassic and Eocene periods. Virtually all the worlds' coal dates to those periods.
Problems
Most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels. This can be reduced by making the combustion process more efficient, and by using various techniques to reduce the escape of harmful gases. This pollution is responsible for causing the earth to get warmer, called global warming. They are also non-renewable resources, there is only a limited amount of coal, gas, and oil, and it is not possible to make more. Eventually all the fossil fuels will be used. Some scientists think that coal will have run out by 2200 and oil by 2040.
Renewable energy sources like biomass energy such as firewood are being used. Countries are also increasing the use of wind power, tidal energy, and solar energy to generate electricity. Some governments are helping automobile makers to develop electric cars and hybrid cars that will use less oil.
Philip S. Goodman

Philip Solomon Goodman (February 20, 1926 - May 2, 2015) was an American screenwriter, producer, and movie director. He was best known for directing the drama movie We Shall Return (1963), starring Cesar Romero. He also wrote for television series such as Profiles in Courage, Danger, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Rocky King Detective, and Johnny Staccato. He also directed plays at the Actors Studio.
Goodman was born in New York City to Flora and Solomon Goodman. He graduated from Brooklyn College and the University of Southern California (USC). He served in the U.S. Army from 1944 to 1946 during World War II. He was married to Evelyn Twersky and had two children, Nicholas, a producer, and Jody, a lawyer.
Goodman died on May 2, 2015 in New York City, aged 89.
Stacey Dash

Stacey Lauretta Dash (born January 20, 1966) is an American television and movie actress. She usually acts in sitcoms and comedy related movies. Her most notable television program works include The Cosby Show and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. Her movies include Clueless (1995) and Mo' Money (1992).
Some sources say Dash was born January 20, 1966 with others mentioning that she was born in either 1967 or 1968. Dash was born in The Bronx, New York City.
Hwajeong Museum

Hwajeong Museum (hwajeongbagmulgwan) is a museum in Jongno District, Seoul. It was opened in 1999. It has many relics of Korea, China, and Tibet.
Bailout

A bailout is when financial help is given to a corporation or country which is close to failure or bankruptcy.
Chic McLelland

Chic McLelland (24 March 1953 - 26 December 2020) was a Scottish football player and manager. He played for Aberdeen, Motherwell, Dundee and Montrose. His playing career lasted from 1973 to 1990. His managing career lasted from 1990 to 1991.
McLelland was born in Glasgow. He died on 26 December 2020 at the age of 63.
Code-switching

Code-switching is an ability when a person mixes more than one language or lect when they talk, depending on who they're talking to.
Barrio Boyzz

The Barrio Boyzz were a Puerto Rican boy band. The group was founded in New York City by Joe Jacket (of New Kids on The Block). They were signed to SBK Records in 1991. They also starred in the 1994 movie I Like It Like That. Their duet with American singer Selena called "Donde Quiera Que Estes" peaked at number-one on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks in 1994. The band disbanded in 2001.
Greg Fisk

Stephen Gregory "Greg" Fisk (September 26, 1945 - November 30, 2015) was an American politician. He was the 13th mayor of Juneau, Alaska, the state capital of Alaska. Before being elected, Fisk had worked as a fisheries consultant. He was elected over incumbent Merrill Sanford by a wide margin in October 2015.
Fisk died at his home in Juneau on November 30, 2015 from complications of a fall, aged 70.
Ed Badger

Ed Badger (born November 5, 1932) is a former American college and professional basketball coach. He was born in West New York, New Jersey and was raised in Chicago. He coached the Chicago Bulls between 1976 until 1978. He also coached the Cincinnati Bearcats between 1978 until 1983.
Apple A11

Apple A11 is a chip that was made by Apple. It has 6 cores and runs at 2.39 GHz. It is first released in 2017.
Vorges

Vorges is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Vomitorium

A vomitorium is a hallway or alcove found in ancient Roman buildings. It is called a vomitorium because it can allow many, many people to enter or leave the building at the same time. The word in Latin means "place from which things spew forth," or "place that things come out of quickly."
Real vomitoria
Romans built vomitoria in theaters and stadiums. One building could have many vomitoria on each floor. Some modern theaters and stadiums also have vomitoria. In the 1980s, the Oregon Shakespeare Festival added vomitoria to its Allen Elizabethan Theatre so they could do more things with entrances and exits.
Myths about vomitoria
Because the name sounds like "vomit" in English, people in the 1800s and 1900s thought a vomitorium was a special room that ancient Romans would go to during feasts. They would throw up in that room to empty their stomachs so they could return to the feast and eat more. But this is not true. Ancient Romans did not build special rooms to vomit in.
Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board

Darunnajat Siddiquia Kamil Madrasa (officially Madrasa-e-Darunnajat) is under Demra Thana of Dhaka Metropolitan Area, D.N.D. The project includes Darunnajat Siddiquia Kamil Madrasah located on about three acres of land adjacent to Shukurshi Gorasthan between Sarulia Bazar and Dhaka Chittagong Highway.
Mykonos

Mykonos is a very touristic Greek island. It belongs to Cyclades. It is in the north of Cyclades, near Syros and Tinos islands. The area of the island is 85 square kilometres. 9,320 people live there. Most of them work in the tourist industry. The island is famous mainly for its nightlife. Also, the island has many beautiful beaches, with yellow sand. Along the beaches there are bars and cafes, so the entertainment continues during day. The island has two main settlements. Chora, the capital of the island, is in the west and Ano Mera, the second settlement is in the center.
Per Kleppe

Per Andreas Hildte Kleppe (13 April 1923 - 10 March 2021) was a Norwegian economist and politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo from 1954-1957. He was a deputy member of Oslo city council from 1951 to 1955.
Kleppe was born in Oslo. He graduated from the University of Oslo in 1956.
He was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Finance from 1957 to 1962. He was the Minister of Trade and Shipping from 1971-1972. He later served as Minister of Finance from 1973 to 1979. In 1979, he was replaced by Ulf Sand, but Kleppe returned in 1981 to head the Secretariat for Long-Term Planning (until 1981).
In 1981 he took over as general secretary of the European Free Trade Association, a position he held until 1988.
Kleppe died on 10 March 2021 in Oslo, aged 97.
Oconomowoc, Wisconsin

Oconomowoc ( '') is a city in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 15,712 at the 2010 census.
Deadfall (1968 movie)

Deadfall is a 1968 British crime movie directed by Bryan Forbes and was based on the 1965 novel of the same name by Desmond Cory. It stars Michael Caine, Vladek Sheybal, Emilio Rodriguez, David Buck, Eric Portman, Nanette Newman, Leonard Rossiter and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Urchin barren

Urchin barrens are places in the ocean where sea urchins have eaten and killed so many kelp plants that they turned a kelp forest into something like a desert. This happens when there are too many sea urchins. The fish, krill and other animals that live in the kelp either die or leave. Urchin barrens occur in coastal areas of the Pacific Ocean.
Urchin barrens had been forming for a long time, but in the second half of the 2010s, there were suddenly many more.
Causes
People first noticed urchin barrens in the 1800s when the sea otters were hunted for their fur. People killed so many sea otters that they almost went extinct. Sea otters like to eat sea urchins, so without sea otters to eat them, there were many, many sea urchins.
Warm ocean currents also affect sea urchin populations. In some places, kelp forests turn into urchin barrens and then grow back depending on the currents that year.
Starfish also eat sea urchins. The sunflower starfish is the only animal that regularly eats the purple sea urchin. Even sea otters like red sea urchins more than they like purple sea urchins. When a disease in 2013 killed most of the starfish on the Pacific coast, there were many more purple sea urchins left. One study showed that the number of purple sea urchins in one reef off the coast of Oregon increased 10,000% in the five years between 2014 and 2019. They either ate or crowded out the red abalone and red sea urchins that humans like to eat. The abalone fishery in California closed in 2018, a loss of US$44 million per year.
When purple sea urchins run out of food, they try to eat each other, and then they become dormant, as if sleeping. They do not try to reproduce, so their gonads shrink. Because the gonads are the part of the urchin that humans like to eat, dormant purple sea urchins cannot be caught and sold for food.
Climate change
Scientists said the warmer water in the early 2010s weakened the bull kelp. In 2016, a mass of warm water nicknamed the "Blob" kept the coast of California very warm. The warm water also made it easier for the sea urchins to reproduce, so they had many more young than usual.
A study showed that 90% of the bull kelp off the coast of California had been killed in the late 2010s.
Restoration
Scientists performed tank and ocean experiments on other animals, such as lobsters, to see if they would eat enough purple sea urchins to help the kelp forests grow back, but they only helped a little.
In places where sea otters have returned, like Juan de Fuca Strait, they ate enough sea urchins that the kelp forests grew back.
Some companies hired red abalone divers to collect purple sea urchins and bring them to controlled sea ranches where they could be fed until they were healthy enough to sell for human use.
Andrei Gusev

Andrei Gusev (, born 27 October 1952) is a Russian writer and journalist.
Early life
Andrei Gusev was born in former Soviet Union, in Moscow. His father Evgeny Gusev and mother Rosalind Maltseva were engineers. His father was born in Ukraine, his mother in Moscow.
Andrei Gusev graduated the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute in 1975. He worked as a medical physicist more than ten years. Also he received a medical education. He is the author of 10 inventions, 23 published scientific works.
Career
In 1990 Andrei Gusev became a correspondent of the daily "Moskovskij Komsomolets". Later he worked as the special correspondent of the All-Russia "Rossiyskaya Gazeta" and an editor-in-chief deputy of the youth newspaper "Stupeni".
Since 1993 Andrei Gusev serves as editor-in-chief of "The New Medical Gazette" (published in Russian).
The first book of Andrei Gusev is "Presentation" (1993). Then he published "Mister Novelist" (1994), "With Chronos' Permit" (1995), "The Russian Story" (1996) and also the story collection "On the Edge of Magellanic Clouds" (1998). He published his novels "The Painter & Eros" and "Role Plays" in 2003 and "The World According to Novikoff" in 2006.
In his prose in 2010s Andrei Gusev developed the themes of BDSM subculture in Russia. Themes include female domination, bondage, erotic spanking and BDSM fiction.
Personal life
Andrei Gusev lives in Moscow. He was married twice and divorced twice. The first wife - Nina Guseva (nee Odnoletko), worked as a nurse; the second wife - Ivetta Sarkisyan, philologist by education. He has two daughters.
His hobby is beekeeping.
Taifa

A taifa (from ta'ifa, plural Twy'f tawa'if) was an independent Muslim-ruled principality in the Iberian Peninsula. Taifas developed during the history of Iberia. They were usually emirates or little kingdoms, but there was one oligarchy as well, Seville. A number were formed in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia) after the end of the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba in 1031.
They developed because of an administrative division of the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba and an ethnic division of its elite. It was divided among Arabs (a powerful but tiny minority), Eastern European former slaves and Iberian Muslims (known as Muladies (the great majority).
There was a second period when taifas developed: the middle of the 12th century, when the Almoravid dynasty was in decline. The taifas rose once again in Spain and Portugal.
In the 11th century and again in the mid 12th century, the emirs (rulers) of the taifas kept fighting among themselves, not only militarily but also for cultural prestige. They tried to recruit the most famous poets and artisans.
After the end of the Caliphate, the rival Muslim kingdoms were much weaker than the Christian ones and so they had to submit and to pay tribute.
The taifa princes appealed for North African warriors to help them fighting Christian kings on two occasions. The Almoravids were invited after the fall of Toledo (1085), the Almohads after the fall of Lisbon (1147). The warriors did not help the taifa emirs but rather annexed their lands to their own North African empires.
Taifas often hired Christian mercenaries to fight neighbouring realms (both Christian and Muslim). The most dynamic taifa, which conquered most of its neighbours before the Almoravid invasion, was Seville. Zaragoza was also very powerful and expansive, but was kept in check by the neighbour Christian states of the Pyrenees. Zaragoza, Toledo and Badajoz had previously been the border military districts of the Caliphate.
Kang Hyun-su

Kang Hyun-Su (born 16 July 1984) is a North Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.
Sonny Ramadhin

Sonny Ramadhin (1 May 1929 - 27 February 2022) was a West Indies cricketer. He was the first of many West Indian cricketers of Indian origin. He was one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1951. He played for the West Indies cricket team from 1950 until 1960.
Ramadhin died on 27 February 2022, aged 92.
After the series in England in 1951 he was remembered by a calypso where he and fellow spinner Valentine were celebrated.
Epic Mickey

Epic Mickey is a platform video game for the Nintendo Wii game console. It was developed by Junction Point Studios and published by Disney Interactive Studios. It was released in Europe on November 26, 2010, in North America on November 30, 2010, and in Japan on August 4, 2011.
The game stars Mickey Mouse, who accidentally damages a world of forgotten Disney characters and concepts. He uses a magic paintbrush to fight enemies. The game is intended to re-brand the Mickey Mouse character by focusing his adventurous side rather than his pleasant, cheerful side, doing so by showing him as an heroic character. The game is darker and more complex than previous Mickey Mouse games. It features the first appearance of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney's first successful cartoon character, as a major character since 1943.
A sequel, Epic Mickey 2: The Power of Two, was released for the Wii, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Wii U in 2012. And also Epic Mickey: Power of Illusion release in 2013, for Nintendo 3DS.
Sculptor galaxy

The Sculptor galaxy, also called the silver coin galaxy, is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Sculptor. It is about 11 million light-years away from Earth.
Subject (grammar)

The subject in grammar is the agent (the 'doer') in an active sentence such as: Alan kissed Jane.
However, there is a difficulty. The following two sentences are identical in meaning:
Our children planted a tree.
A tree was planted by our children.
Only in the first sentence is our children the grammatical subject. So there is a difference between the logical subject and the grammatical subject.p996 Also, many sentences have no subject, for instance:
Come here!
Identifying the thief may take some time.
If a sentence does have a subject, then the rest of the sentence may be called the predicate.
Weihai

Weihaiwei is a former British colony and military stronghold in modern-day Shandong Province, China.
Lamar Advertising

Lamar Advertising is an outdoor advertising company. The company was founded in the year 1902. The company's headquarters is in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Lamar operates in the United States of America, Canada and Puerto Rico. They sell advertising on billboards. They sell advertising on buses. They have digital billboards.
Departments
Lamar has many parts called "departments". This is common in most companies. Here are some parts of Lamar.
Monty Python and the Holy Grail

Monty Python and the Holy Grail is the second movie made by Monty Python. It was made in 1974 and was very successful. It is still very popular, and considered one of the best comedy films ever made. It was also made into a musical called Spamalot.
Story
This is a comedy about King Arthur's search for the Holy Grail. He gathers a group of knights around him. They do not ride horses - instead, they clap coconut halves together, to make the sound of a horse galloping. They search for the grail, but keep on getting distracted by peasants (poor farmers) who want to talk about politics, or French knights insulting them.
The movie was made in Scotland.
Under the Lilacs

Under the Lilacs is a book by Louisa May Alcott. It was published in 1878.
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (movie)

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American fantasy romantic drama movie directed by David Fincher. It is based on the 1922 short story of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The movie stars Brad Pitt and Cate Blanchett with Taraji P. Henson, Julia Ormond, Jason Flemyng, Elias Koteas, and Tilda Swinton.
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button was released in North America on December 25, 2008 to positive reviews from critics. The movie had thirteen Academy Award nominations and won three.
Ram

Ram can mean:
Rama, a Hindu god
A male sheep that has not been neutered
Random-access memory (abbreviated "RAM")
Battering ram, something used to break through walls or doors
Hydraulic ram, a type of pump
Child sexuality

When children develop into adults, their body will change. So will the way they see their body, and the way their perceive their sexuality. Child sexuality is also influenced by cultural and social values, and by education. Classical psychoanalysis looks at child sexuality, and develops models how it changes over time.
Boué

Boue is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Zimbabwe Rhodesia

Zimbabwe Rhodesia () was an unrecognized state in southern Africa. It replaced the Republic of Rhodesia from 1 June 1979 to 12 December 1979. It was replaced by the re-established British colony of Southern Rhodesia for three months before being replaced by the present day Republic of Zimbabwe.
Fontenay-près-Vézelay

Fontenay-pres-Vezelay is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Ukrainians in Germany

There are people in Germany that have Ukrainian ancestry. Around 250,000 of those live in Germany; Statistisches Bundesamt says that. Around 130,000 are Ukrainian citizens (in 2014).
Spackenkill, New York

Spackenkill is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, New York, United States.
Conters im Prättigau

Conters im Prattigau is a municipality of the district Davos in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
Mole salamander

Mole salamanders are member of the genus Ambystoma. They are a group of animals that live in North America. They are the only genus in the family Ambystomatidae. The Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a popular exotic pet. They are also used in research. The Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) is an official amphibian of many US states. They are also sold as pets.
Berglern

Berglern is a municipality in the district of Erding in Bavaria,
Provinces of Greece

The provinces of Greece were divisions of some the country's prefectures. In 1887 the provinces were endeed as administrative units. They were still used for some state services, especially finance services and education, as well as for electoral purposes. Before the Second World War, there were 139 provinces. After the war, with the addition of the Dodecanese Islands, their number grew to 147. The largest province is Dodoni.
Shifting cultivation

Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which areas of land are cultivated for a short time. Shifting cultivation is also known as slash and burn agriculture.
Shifting cultivation is practised in the thickly forested areas of Amazon basin, tropical Africa, parts of southeast Asia and northeast India. These are areas of heavy rainfall and quick regenerating of vegetation. Then they are left to grow back their natural vegetation, while the farmer moves to another area. It is practised in forested areas of the Amazon basin.It is one of the rudimentary forms of cultivation.
After cultivation a plot of land is cleared by felling the trees and burning them. The ashes are then mixed with the soil and crops like maize, yam, potatoes and cassava are grown. After the soil looses its fertility, the land is abandoned and the cultivator moves to a new plot.
Because the soil is no longer protected by the large trees in the rainforest system, it can be ruined easily by thick rain and too much sun. One of the main problems with shifting cultivation is that the land is ruined after being used 3 or 4 times. Areas of land are abandoned and not prepared to grow again, and the rainforest becomes smaller with each preparation for a new piece of land. The land loses its fertility and so this is not a reliable form of cultivation.
Ae, Dumfries and Galloway

Ae is a village in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Ae is located on the edge of a large man made Conifer Forest and is around 9 miles (14km) from Dumfries.
Rump Parliament

The Rump Parliament was the name given to Parliament until 1660 of the English Parliament that followed the Long Parliament, after Pride's Purge of December 6 1648 had removed those Members of Parliament that were against the plan to try King Charles I for high treason.
Indo-Australian plate

The Indo-Australian plate is a major tectonic plate.
It includes the continent of Australia and surrounding ocean. To the northwest it includes the Indian subcontinent and adjacent waters. It was formed by the fusion of Indian and Australian plates about 43 million years ago.
Chars

Chars is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
Margo MacDonald

Margo MacDonald (19 April 1943 - 4 April 2014) was a Scottish politician and television and radio presenter. She was a member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), Member of Parliament (MP) and Deputy Leader. She was later an Independent Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Lothian region. She was also a schoolteacher and assisted suicide campaigner.
MacDonald was born in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire. She was married to Peter MacDonald from 1965 until their divorce. They had two daughters, Petra and Zoe. She was later married to politician Jim Sillars until her death.
MacDonald died from Parkinson's disease on 4 April 2014 at her home in Edinburgh. She was 70.
Archaeothyris

Archaeothyris was one of the earliest definite synapsids. It lived in the late Carboniferous period, 306 million years ago.
It shares this fame with another species (Echinerpeton) about which little is known. Protoclepsydrops is even slightly older, but only fragments have been found.
Archaeothyris was found in Nova Scotia, in the same area as several other species which were probably sauropsids: Hylonomus, and Petrolacosaurus.
Archaeothyris belonged to a group of early pelycosaurs which evolved early in the Pennsylvanian. It is thus seen as the precursor of all synapsids (which include mammals).
Appearance and lifestyle
Unlike the early sauropsids, Hylonomus and its kin, Archaeothyris was relatively large, measuring head to tail. It was also more advanced than the early sauropsids (~reptiles), with strong jaws that could open wider than those of the sauropsids. Its sharp teeth were all of the same shape, and it had a pair of enlarged canines, suggesting that it was a carnivore.
Archaeothyris lived in what is now Nova Scotia, about 306 million years ago in the Carboniferous Period (Pennsylvanian). Nova Scotia was at this time a swamp, similar to today's Everglades in Florida. The 'trees' (actually giant clubmosses) were very tall. Some, such as Lepidodendron, were up to tall. Archaeothyris and the other early amniotes lived on the forest floor.
Essequibo Islands-West Demerara

Essequibo Islands-West Demerara (Region 3) is a partial region of Esequiban Guyana, a territory in dispute by Guyana and Venezuela. It is split in two by the Essequibo River, Venezuela claims the territory to the west of Essequibo river as part of Delta Amacuro state. The regional capital is Vreed en Hoop.
The region is in the north of the country. It has an area of 3,755 km2. As of the 2012 census, 107,416 people lived there. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the region of Demerara-Mahaica and Demerara River to the east, the region of Upper Demerara-Berbice to the south and the region of Pomeroon-Supenaam to the west.
Mysterious Times

"Mysterious Times" is a 1998 dance and trance song by the German DJ group Sash! and featured English singer Tina Cousins. It is the second single from Sash!'s second studio album Life Goes On which was released on 17 August 1998.
Discovery Channel

Discovery Channel (known as The Discovery Channel from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply Discovery) is an American cable channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, a publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav. As of June 2012, Discovery Channel was the third most widely distributed subscription channel in the United States, behind now-sibling channel EBS, BBC, ABC, CBS and PBS. it is available in 409 million households worldwide, through its U.S. flagship channel and its various owned or licensed television channels internationally.
It initially provided documentary television programming focused primarily on popular science, technology, and history, but by the 2010s had expanded into reality television and pseudo-scientific entertainment.
As of September 2018, Discovery Channel is available to approximately 88,589,000 pay television households in the United States.
University of Burdwan

The University of Burdwan (also known as Burdwan University or B. U.) is a public university in Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India. It was established by the West Bengal Government as a teaching and affiliating university on 15 June 1960 with six graduate departments and 30 undergraduate colleges spread over three districts that come under the jurisdiction of the university. The university currently offers more than 30 undergraduate and 66 postgraduate courses.
Trinity Church, Halmstad

Trinity Church () is a Roman Catholic church in Halmstad in Sweden. It is part of Saint Mary Catholic Parish within the Catholic Diocese of Stockholm.
It was opened on 24 May 1981.
Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945. It was first a republic, but in 1934 it became a constitutional monarchy. It had little international recognition and was under the de facto control of Japan. Japan also took Inner Mongolia in 1936 and renamed it Mengjiang in 1936.
Manchuria was the place of the Manchus, including the kings of the Qing dynasty. In 1931, Japan occupied Manchuria after the Mukden Incident. A pro-Japanese government was created one year later with Puyi, the last Qing emperor, as the nominal regent and later emperor. Manchukuo's government was removed in 1945 at the end of World War II. The Soviet Union invaded in August 1945, and formally transferred the territory to Chinese administration in the following year.
Although the territories came under the jurisdiction of the Nationalist government, the brief Soviet occupation helped make the region a base for the Chinese Communist troops led by Mao Zedong. The People's Liberation Army got Japanese equipment and a strategic advantage against the National Revolutionary Army led by Chiang Kai-shek.
Manchus were a minority in Manchukuo: the largest ethnic group were Han Chinese. The number of Koreans increased during the Manchukuo period, and there were also Japanese, Mongols, White Army Russians and other minorities. The southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula was ruled by Japan as the Kwantung Leased Territory.
Manchukuo had a Japanese death camp called Unit 731 where up to half a million died from medical experiments and other causes. This is similar to the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz in Nazi-occupied Poland.
In August 1945 Stalin invaded Manchukuo as well as Mengjiang and North Korea. America got South Korea, so the two large countries split Korea in half. Stalin controlled Manchuria until 1946. In the same year, 1946, Stalin helped Mao Zedong in the Second Chinese Civil War (19461949).
Names of Machukuo
Manchukuo means Manchuria in Japanese Man Zhou Guo ; manchukoku . The Mongolians called it (Mongolian : Manezh-Go : Manjugo) the Russians called it (Russian : Man'chzhou-Go : Man'chzhou-Go) the Chinese called it (Chinese : Man Zhou Guo : manzhouguo) the Koreans called it (Korean : manjugug : Manjugug).
John S. Herrington

John Stewart Herrington (born May 31, 1939) is an American Republican politician. He served as the United States Secretary of Energy under Ronald Reagan during his second term.
Cheyenne County

Cheyenne County is the name of three current counties in the United States:
Cheyenne County, Colorado
Cheyenne County, Kansas
Cheyenne County, Nebraska
Cheyenne County, Jefferson Territory
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz

Gustavo Diaz Ordaz Bolanos (; 12 March 1911 - 15 July 1979) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He served as the President of Mexico from 1964 to 1970. His distant cousin was comedian Roberto Gomez Bolanos.
Ordaz died in Mexico City, Mexico on 15 July 1979 from colorectal cancer, aged 68.
Le Mesnil-Villement

Le Mesnil-Villement is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Nathia Gali

Nathia Gali or Nathiagali () is one of the mountain holiday towns of the Galyat area of Pakistan. It is one of the most popular tourist areas of the Murree Hills, with fairly good facilities and is on the road from Murree to Abbottabad lying midway between the two. The main tribe of Nathia Gali is the Karlal.
History
During British rule Nathia Gali, then part of Abbottabad Tehsil of Hazara District, was the summer headquarters of the Chief Commissioner. The town along with Dunga Gali was a notified area.
Tourism
It is in Abbottabad District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. At 2,500 m (8,200 ft) height from the sea level, it is a popular tourist resort in the summer months. It is forested with pine, walnut and also broad-leaved oak and maple trees.
It is about two and a half hours car drive away from Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan.
"Mukshpuri" and "Miranjani" are the two nearby high peaks both of which are favoured by hikers. The Mukshpuri track is wide and easy to hike. The Miranjani track, on the other hand, is a bit more difficult as it has steeper height and the track is narrow at some places. Both of these peaks could be reached within 2 to 3 hours by hiking. In case of clear weather one could catch a glimpse of Nangaparbat peak some 400 kilometres away from top of these peaks. More serious hikers also go from Nathia Gali to "Thandiani" on foot via Miranjani peak. However, the travel takes more than a day therefore proper preparation for such a trip is required. Facilities of local guides are easily available. It is advisable to acquire the services of a local guide for any hiking trip in view of the presence of wildlife in the surrounding forests.
Nathia Gali has been declared a wildlife sanctuary by the Government. Monkeys, leopards and variety of other birds and animals are common in the forest surrounding Nathia Gali. Monkeys' foraging on trees is not an uncommon sight in Nathia Gali.
Nathia Gali has a mini bazaar. The nearest place to Nathia Gali is Kala Bagh.
A number of hotels and guest houses are available in Nathia Gali which provide reasonable accommodation to the tourists. The best available hotels are Pine View Hotel and Greens Hotel.
Nathia Gali also has a small seasonal church, St Matthews (attached to the St Luke's Church, Abbottabad) which was constructed during the time of the British Raj. It is totally made of wood. It is at the edge of the mountain from which there is a beautiful sight. Kashmir can be seen right behind this church, and is a wonderful scene.
Subdivisions
The Union Council of Nathia Gali is divided into the following areas: Bagan, Donga Gali, Jhansa, Keri Sarafali, Lassan, Malach, Nathiagali and Pasala.
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Life
Early years
Yi was 11 years old when his both parents died from cholera, and he was orphaned. He was moved to Seoul, and through money given by anomymous benefactors, Yi was able to study overseas in Japan in 1906. He studied at Taisey Middle School and Meiji University. During that time, he started writing novels and poetry.
Writing and independence movement
In 1910, Yi returned to Korea and started teaching at Oshan Elementary School (; ). He resigned (left his job) in 1915. In 1916, he studied overseas again in Japan, entering Waseda University, but he dropped out in his third year. In 1918, he went into political exile in Sanghai because of his involvement with Korean independence movements and New Korea Youngman Praty (; ). In 1919, he was a functionary of Provisional Gavement of Korea (; ).
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Later years
Yi was an agent and a follower of Ahn Chang-ho, and was part of his group of officers, Heungsadan, in 1922. In 1938, he was imprisoned in Seodaemun Prison for one year before being released. Yi retired in 1944. He died in 1950, from tuberculosis and lung disease. He was aged 58.
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This page is about the Shakespearean character. For the opera by Verdi see Falstaff (opera)
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Falstaff is a comic figure, but Shakespeare makes him say some things which tell us a lot about human nature. For example: before a battle in Henry IV he explains that his cowardice is actually common sense, because honour in battle is not really worth anything. Honour would not stop other people saying he was a coward and it would not help him if he got injured.
Falstaff also appears in The Merry Wives of Windsor.
Shakespeare's character inspired several musicians to compose music about him. Carl Otto Nicolai wrote an opera called Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor (1849). Verdi's wrote an opera Falstaff based on the same play. It is often thought to be Verdi's greatest opera. Ralph Vaughan Williams wrote an opera called Sir John in Love, (1924-1928). Elgar wrote a brilliant piece for orchestra called "Falstaff" which he called: "a symphonic study".
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