kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Phasmahyla cruzi

The Phasmahyla cruzi is a frog that lives in Brazil. Scientists have only seen it in one place: Rio das Pedras Reserve in southeastern Brazil. Scientists are not sure whether it belongs in the family Phyllomedisidae or the family Hylidae, subfamily Phyllomedusinae.
Name
The frog is named after Carlos Alberto Goncalves da Cruz, a Brazilian amphibian scientist. Scientists say people should call it Mangaratiba tree frog in English.
Appearance
The adult male frog is long from nose to rear end and the only adult female frog the scientists found was long. It has a short nose and big eyes that stick out of its head. Its ear disk is large, but a piece of skin covers part of it. There are disks on its toes for climbing. There is no webbed skin on any of its feet. The frog's skin is green in color with purple spots. The belly is light in color. The iris of its eyes is silver-gray in color.
Older tadpoles can be long, with the tail.
Home
People have found these frogs in streams with sand on the bottom. These places were always 200 meters above sea level or higher.
Abé language

Abe is a language spoken in Cote d'Ivoire. Its name is also spelled Abbe, Abbey, and Abi. About 170,000 people spoke the language in 1995. These people mostly lived in the Department of Agboville.
Chamber

Chamber can mean several things:
Chamber of commerce, a business network
Chambers of parliament, in politics
Chamber (comics), a superhero from Marvel Comics
Chamber music, a form of classical music
Chamber (firearms), the part of the gun's barrel in which the cartridge is placed
A room inside a building
Chambers (law), the rooms used by a barrister in a court
Combustion chamber, part of an engine in which fuel is burned
Other uses
Chambar, a town in Pakistan also spelled Chamber
Latex clothing

Latex clothing is clothing made out of latex rubber. This clothing includes fetish fashion and BDSM clothing. It can also include raincoats, gloves, leotards and stockings.
Latex clothing is often worn very close to the skin.
Alpine newt

The alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris) is an amphibian. It is a Salamander (Urodela or Caudata). The alpine newt is one of five newts in Germany.
Description
Early in the year, alpine newts mate. During that time, the males have a blue color on their sides but not too much to overlap their white-black-spotted flank. Their belly is a bright orange.
The females are more camouflaged to their marshy environment. They are a mottled brown with barely visible, black spots.
The biggest of the males can reach up to nine, and the females up to twelve centimeters in length. After the mating season, they return to their natural color of the mottled brown.
Life and habitat
The alpine newt typically lives in forests with good access to water in hilly to mountainous regions. They are mostly absent in forest-poor areas. They often occur in thick deciduous forests, as well as parland and natural gardens. Outside the spawning season, the Alpine Newt is a land animal. During the day it stays in all kinds of undergrowth, but during the mating season in cool water (forest pools, artificial pools). After the adults come out of winter dormancy, the alpine newts immediately take themselves to the spawning pools.
Location
The spread of the alpine newt is constricted to Central Europe and parts of mountainous Southern Europe as well as an isolated area on the Iberian Peninsula.
There is also some introduced wild populations in the UK
Endangerment
After a steep decrease in the alpine newt population in the 1960s-70s, they have recovered their numbers a bit. Surveillance in the surrounding area of Cologne (approximately 50m above sea level) showed an increase in alpine newt numbers, but the numbers of newts in breeding pools seemed to decline. In home gardens, newts are settling in pools in which there may be a high reproduction rate. If fish are in these ponds, the population will be completely wiped out. However, a small pool of 150 litres volume had more than 60 alpine newt tadpoles of different sizes at the beginning of July 2003. They were likely spawned from just one female.
Taxonomy
The alpine newt has been usually placed into the Triturus genus. Garcia-Paris | display-authors = etal split the genus Triturus into three, and placed the alpine newt into its own genus Mesotriton. Also the subspecies T. a. inexpectatus was elevated to species status. However this split has not been completely accepted yet. Originally 9 subspecies of the alpine newt were recognized.
Afro-Haitians

Afro-Haitians or Black Haitians, are Haitian people whose ancestors were Africans. Most Afro-Haitians are descended from West African slaves. The slaves were brought over to work in plantations, mainly for sugar canes.
The vast majority (about 90%) of Haitians are of African descent. Of them, about 25-30% are of mixed race or mulatto.
Origins
Haiti, just like in any region in the Americas, received slaves from all over West and Central Africa. Although Haitian slaves were from all over Africa, the most common were Kongos from the Congo region, and Ewe and Fon tribes of current-day Benin or Togo. There was also a lot of Igbo people from Nigeria.
Haitian Voodoo is obviously from the Fon people of Benin, when they came in large numbers as slaves to work in plantations as maids, farmers, and sugar cane cutters have kept their traditions strong and alive till this day after 300 years away from their original home.
The African influence can also be seen in the language Haitians use to speak; Haitian Creole is a French-based language with strong African influence in the phonetics, vocabulary, syntax, grammar, pronunciations. There are many words of African origin used in every day speech. Haitian food is mostly of African origin, including the names of the food. The music of Haiti is filled with African rhythms and instruments, the use of call and response as well as vocal African songs.
Retro

Retro is a term used to describe fashions, trends and other cultural items that were popular or relevant many years ago. Generally, something that is retro is at least of fifteen or twenty years of age. For example, a video game from 1997 could be considered as something retro. The term is especially used for things of the mid twentieth century (1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s).
Jim Thornton

Jim Thornton (born April 21, 1965) is an American radio and television personality. He is currently an afternoon anchor on all-news radio station KNX 1070 in Los Angeles, California. He is also the announcer on television game show Wheel of Fortune. He was born in Huntington, West Virginia, United States.
Thornton became announcer of Wheel of Fortune in September 2011. He auditioned for the role in December 2010 after previous announcer Charlie O'Donnell's death. He was confirmed as the show's new announcer on June 13, 2011. He was also a guest announcer on The Price is Right after previous announcer Rod Roddy's death in 2003.
Viroflay

Viroflay is a French commune of Yvelines, in France.
It is near Versailles and Velizy-Villacoublay.
Its current mayor is Olivier Lebrun.
The people who live there are called Viroflaysiens.
Cyanide

6Cyanides are chemicals that contain the cyano-group CN. Organic compounds that contain the CN group are called nitriles. In that group a carbon atom has three chemical bonds to a nitrogen atom. The group is present in many substances. Those substances that can release the compound CN are highly poisonous.
Certain bacteria, fungi and algae are able to produce cyanides. Cyanides are also found in certain foods or plants, such as cassava. The cyanides serve as a defense against being eaten by herbivores.
In popular culture, cyanides are said to be highly toxic. There are some cyanides that are, but others that are not. Prussian blue, a cyanide compound, is given as a treatment to poisoning with thallium and caesium, for example.
The poisons referred to are usually hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and the chemicals which are similar to it, like potassium cyanide (KCN), and sodium cyanide (NaCN). They are derivatives of hydrogen cyanide. The single most hazardous compound is hydrogen cyanide, which is a gas and kills by inhalation. cyanide smells like bitter almonds when near.
Antidote
Hydroxocobalamin reacts with cyanide to form cyanocobalamin, which can be safely eliminated by the kidneys. This antidote kit is sold under the brand name Cyanokit and was approved by the U.S. FDA in 2006.
Inniswold, Louisiana

Inniswold is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics

The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, (NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unites territoriales statistiques, is a geocode standard that shows the administrative divisions of countries for statistical purposes. It was made by the European Union, so it only covers the member states of that union in detail.
A NUTS code begins with a two-letter code referencing the country, and is identical to the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code (the only difference is UK instead of GB for the United Kingdom). The subdivision of the country is then displayed by one number. A second or third subdivision level is referred to with another number each. Each numbering starts with 1, as 0 is used for the upper level. In case the subdivision has more than 9 entities, capital letters are used to continue the numbering.
In addition to the full three levels for the European Union countries, all countries have a NUTS code with a two-letter code for a continent and two numbers for the country, and for the USA, Canada and Australia the states, provinces, and territories are numbered separately.
Some are not easily classified: for example, Gibraltar is listed as being outside the EU with the code EO21; while French Guiana is listed twice, once in France as FR930 and once in South America as AS13.
NUTS, in some ways are similar to the ISO 3166-2 standard, as well as the FIPS standard of the United States.
Levels
There are three levels of NUTS. Some with two levels of local administrative units (LAUs) below. These were called NUTS levels 4 and 5 until July 2003, but were changed due to official regulations although they are sometimes still described as such. Note that not all countries have every level of division, depending on their size. One of the most extreme cases is Luxembourg, which has only LAUs; the three NUTS divisions each correspond to the entire country itself.
Dominique Dawes

Dominique Dawes (born November 20, 1976 in Silver Spring, Maryland) is a retired gymnastics performer. She won multiple medals. As a member of the US National Gymnastic Team, she won a gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She was a ten year member of US National Gymnastic Team.
Fibre Channel

Fibre Channel, or FC is an architecture (and a set of protocols to attach disk drives to computers, like in a Storage Area Network. Networks today are done with 4 GBit/s and 8 GBit/s over fiberglass cables. This is enough to support data transfer rates of up to 800 MBit/s. Fibrechannel permits connecting the same disk subsystem to several computers. It typically uses the SCSI command set.
Basically, there are two topologies (ways to do this):
Arbitrated Loop: All the devices are connected in a logical bus topology (shown on the right in the picture above). The devices can be connected in a ring much like Token Ring. This avoids using the Fibre Channel Switches, which are very expensive.
Fabric All devices are connected to Fibre Channel Switches. This is similar to Ethernet. It is more expensive though, because Switches that support Fibre Channel are very expensive.
Kurt Moylan

Kurt Scott Kaleo Moylan (born January 14, 1939) is an American politician. He was the first elected Lieutenant Governor of Guam and the last Secretary of Guam .
Richard Mulligan

Richard Mulligan (November 13, 1932 - September 26, 2000) was an American television program and movie actor who starred primarily in sitcoms. He was especially notable for his role as Dr. Harry Weston in the TV sitcom The Golden Girls and the 1970s sitcom Soap. Mulligan was born in New York City.
He died due to colorectal cancer on September 26, 2000 in Los Angeles, California, aged 67.
Raorchestes glandulosus

The glandular bush frog, Noble's bubble-nest frog, Noble's bush frog, southern bubble-nest frog, rough-skinned bush frog, Manatoddy bubble-nest frog, beautiful bush frog, or pretty bush frog (Raorchestes glandulosus) is a frog. It lives in India in the Western Ghat mountains. Scientists have seen it as high as 2000 meters above sea level.
Lord Randolph Churchill

Lord Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill (13 February 1849 - 24 January 1895) was Winston Churchill's father. He was a son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough.
He was a leading British Tory politician. Churchill was a Tory radical who coined the term One-nation conservatism.
He inspired a generation of party managers and created the National Union of the Conservative Party. He broke new ground in modern budgetary presentations. He got admiration and criticism from across the political spectrum. His disloyalty to Lord Salisbury was the beginning of the end of what might have been a glittering career. His elder son, Winston, wrote a biography of him in 1906.
Medical condition and early death
Churchill died early, suffering from a disease. That disease was either syphilis or a brain tumour or even multiple sclerosis.
It is definitely the case that he was treated for syphilis, and it has been suggested that he was suffering from symptoms of the mercury-based medication. The Churchills' family doctor in the 1880s had written about syphilis. He referred Randolph to the specialist Thomas Buzzard, and continued to prescribe potassium iodide and mercury.
Sources
Churchill, Winston C. 1906. Lord Randolph Churchill. 2 vols, Macmillan, London.
Rosebery, Lord 1906. Lord Randolph Churchill.
Cornwallis-West, Mrs 1908. The reminiscences of Lady Randolph Churchill.
Jennings, Louis J. 1889. Speeches of Lord Randolph Churchill 1880-88. 2 vols.
Sarchehan County

Sarchehan County () is a county in Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18,933, in 4,569 families. The county has two cities, Korehi & Hesami, and three rural districts (dehestan): Bagh Safa Rural District, Sarchehan Rural District, and Tujerdi Rural District. The Sarchehan County was established on 2018 in Fars province.
2020 Karnataka Floods

The South Indian state of Karnataka experienced heavy floods on 18 August 2020 continuing till late October due to heavy rainfall. This was added trouble to the existing problem of pandemic caused by the virus, COVID19. Even before flood hit the areas, the Karnataka State Natural Disaster Management Centre predicted floods in the month of June itself, basing the observation on destruction caused in 2019 floods of the state. The flood fury was seen in 23 districts of the state, out of which the Malenadu region and all the districts of Coastal Karnataka were declared in flood zones. The districts like Belagavi, Kalburgi, Raichur and Bagalkot in northern part of the state received rainfall almost touching the highest of 21cms, which in normal conditions is as low as, below 10cms. The Malenadu regions like Bhagamandala, Aiyamageri received 647mm of rainfall on an average in the year 2020.
Causes
Apart from increased downpour in the state, many different reasons have been reported regionally. The capital of the state, Bengaluru is known to have more rainfall on an average, but in the last decade flood instances have cropped up time and again, it is attributed to amplified urbanisation causing stress on the natural resources, encroachment of flood plains, loss of vegetation and biodiversity, improper city planning leading to reckless constructions of sites and buildings. Along with these reasons, change in the river course of movement, deforestation and land modifications to accommodate tourists have been the reasons for recurring floods and landslides in Malenadu region of the state. In northern Karnataka, heavy discharge of water from the Dams in Maharashtra and Karnataka, also aggravated the situation. Release of water from Ujjani Dam built on the river Bhima in Maharashtra rooted for flooding of 400 villages in Vijaypura, Kalburgi and Yadgir district. The Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, Tungabhadra, Almatti and Narayanapura, reservoirs were filled to the brim affecting Yadgir, Raichur, Ballari, Bidar, Vijayapura, Bagalkot, Belagavi, Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Uttara Kannada, Gadag, Koppal, Haveri and Dharwad districts in north Karnataka.
Humanitarian response
The Karnataka Civil Administration called for a humanitarian response towards the destruction caused due to the floods. Twenty flood relief and ten Engineering Task force from Madras Engineering Group, Maratha Light Infantry Centre and Bison Division from Hyderabad were also employed to provide assistance in Yadgir, Gadag districts. More than two thousand crore rupees from State Relief Natural Disaster Fund was demanded for rebuilding houses, reestablishment of the lost livestock and creation of jobs. There was also a demand for extension of work days under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Generation Scheme by the state government in the light of fractured employment system due to the spread of COVID19 and loss of agrarian activities in floods.
David McCullough

David Gaub McCullough (July 7, 1933 - August 7, 2022) was an American author, narrator, historian, and lecturer. He was a two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award.
McCullough was born on July 7, 1933 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was of Scottish-Irish descent. He studied at Shady Side Academy and at Yale University. In 1954, McCullough married Rosalee Ingram Barnes. They had five children. Barnes died in June 2022.
McCullough taught a writing course at Wesleyan University and was a visiting scholar at Cornell University and Dartmouth College.
McCullough died at his home in Hingham, Massachusetts on August 7, 2022 at the age of 89.
Piano Concerto No. 1 (Tchaikovsky)

Tchaikovsky's Piano concerto No. 1 is a piece of music.
Tchaikovsky wrote it in 1874 when he was 34 years old. The first musician to play it, Nikolay Rubinstein, did not like it. The second, Hans von Bulow, did like it.
Francisco Robles

Francisco Robles Garcia (May 5, 1811 - March 2, 1893) was an Ecuadorian politician. He was President of Ecuador from October 16, 1856, to September 17, 1859.
Robles was born on May 5, 1811, in Guayaquil, Royal Audience of Quito, Ecuador. He was married to Carmen Santistevan Aviles. Robles died on March 2, 1893, in Guayaquil, Ecuador from heart failure, aged 81.
It's My Life – The Album

It's My Life (also known as It's My Life - The Album) is the first album by German DJ group Sash!. It was released on 25 August 1997
Track listing
Australian Edition
Italian Edition
Charts
Certifications
Central Bank of Cyprus

The Central Bank of Cyprus ( ), is the central bank of the Republic of Cyprus, in Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus. The bank was established in 1963. Its current governor is Constantinos Herodotou. The bank issued banknotes and coins in the Cypriot pound before 2008, when Cyprus adopted the euro.
Balleroy

Balleroy is a former commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Balleroy-sur-Drome.
Dave Lombardo

David Lombardo (born February 16, 1965 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban American musician, best known as the co-founder and drummer of the American thrash metal band Slayer.
Lombardo has also been a part of his side project Grip Inc., Fantomas, Philm, and Testament. He was born in Havana and moved to South Gate, California with his family when he was two years old. He was given his first drum set at the age of ten. He was given the title "the godfather of double bass" from Drummer World. He is known as an inspiration to many modern metal drummers, mainly within both the thrash and death metal genres.
He left Slayer in 2013 and was replaced by Paul Bostaph. After he left Slayer, he decided to reform his side project Grip Inc.
Lombardo now plays for Suicidal Tendencies, Dead Cross, and The Misfits.
Gender equality

Gender equality is a belief that both men and women should receive equal treatment. People should not be discriminated against because of their gender. It can also be called sex equality, gender egalitarianism, sexual equality or equality of the genders.
Gender equality is supported by feminists and humanists.
Shichi-Go-San

Shichi-Go-San (seven-five-three in Japan) is one of the most important events for children in Japan. Every year on November 15, parents whose children are three, five, and seven years old celebrate the growth of their child.
History
In the past, death rates of infants were higher than present, so children were treated importantly. People have started to celebrate seven, five and three years old of children since the Edo period. Especially, celebrations of seven year old children are most important.
Custom
On this special day, children wear kimono and they are given chitose-ame. Chitose-ame is a long red and white candy. This candy means children can grow well. People go to the shrine to play the growth of their children. Also, people sometimes take some pictures to the memory of children.
Saruê

Sarue is a mammal animal, of the Opossum family, existing in northeastern Brazil.
María Ostolaza

Maria Ostolaza is a volleyball player from Peru. Maria competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. She was born on 26 February 1953.
Great Plains wolf

The Great Plains wolf (Canis lupus nubilus) is an extinct subspecies of grey wolf. It is also called the buffalo wolf or loafer. It once lived in the Great Plains. The subspecies was declared extinct in 1926.
Taxonomy
Thomas Say documented the Great Plains wolf in 1823. He was the first person to record "prairie wolves" (coyotes) and Great Plains wolves as different animals. He named it Canis nubilus. Say wrote that the Great Plains wolf was more fierce and powerful than the red wolf or coyote.
Description
The Great Plains wolf once lived in the Great Plains, from southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan to northern Texas.
The Great Plains wolf was described as a large wolf with light-colored fur. However, some of them had fur that was all white or all black. The body length is 1.7 m (5.6 ft). The average weight of a male was 100lb (45 kg). The heaviest one recorded was 150 lb (58kg). The Native Americans of North Dakota told stories about how only three of these wolves could bring down a bison.
There used to be many of these wolves living in the Great Plains. When the American bison was being killed, Great Plains wolves were also being poisoned and trapped for their pelts. Alexander Henry wrote that they were bold around humans, and fed on the dead bodies of bison. He recorded that Native Americans dug up wolf pups from their dens in the prairie. They also dug large pitfalls to capture wolves and foxes. Members of Henry's group dug up wolf pups and found them very tame and easy to train. In 1833, the explorer Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied recorded that these wolves were common in the upper part of Missouri. There, Native Americans had wolf pits and traded wolves to him for tobacco. He thought that the Native American's dogs were more dangerous to humans than the wolves.
In 1856, Lt. G. K. Warren studied Great Plains wolf skulls and found that some of them were not full-blooded wolves. There have been many stories about violent hybrid wolf-dogs. It is possible that the Great Plains wolf's tameness and lack of fear of humans might be because they were mixed with domestic dogs. In North Dakota, by 1875 sightings of the wolf became rare, and by 1877 they were almost all gone. In North Dakota, two were sighted in 1915 by Remington Kellogg. The last known wolf was shot in 1922. The Great Plains wolf was officially declared extinct in 1926.
Durrani Empire

The Durrani Empire (known as the Afghan Empire) was established in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durrani at Kandahar, Afghanistan. It included the land that is now called Afghanistan, Pakistan, eastern Iran and western India. The Durrani Empire is considered the foundation of the modern state of Afghanistan, with Ahmad Shah Durrani (Ahmad Shah Baba) being the "Father of the nation".
The Durrani dynasty diminished in the early 19th century when Afghanistan was fighting defensive wars with Persia on one side and British India on the other side. The Barakzai dynasty took over control of the kingdom but lost many of Afghanistan's territories by the end of the 19th century. It became to what is now Afghanistan after the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 when the state became officially recognized by all the major countries in the world. At first its capital was in Kandahar as that is where the empire started however the capital then shifted to Kabul after its conquest. The empire had two capitals, the main capital Kabul and the winter capital, Peshawar.
Star Trek: First Contact

Star Trek: First Contact is the eighth movie set in the Star Trek universe. It was made in 1996 by Paramount Pictures. The Borg travel back in time to destroy Phoenix, the Earth's first warp ship. Captain Picard and his crew must follow them to save the Earth from assimilation by the Borg.
The movie was very successful at the box office. The movie also got very good reviews from movie critics.
Conic section

In geometry, when a cone and a plane intersect, a conic section results.
Preliminary In elementary geometry, cones are assumed to be right circular. Circular means that the base is a circle and right means that the axis passes through the centre of the base at right angles to its plane. Contrasted with right cones are oblique cones, in which the axis does not pass perpendicularly through the centre of the base.
Definition A conic is the curve got by intersecting a plane, called the cutting plane, with a cone. The cone is a right circular cone for easy description, but any double cone with some circular cross-section will do.
There are three different types of sections, the parabola, the hyperbola and the ellipse. The circle is a special case of an ellipse. Sometimes the circle is mentioned as a fourth type, because calculating with a circle is easier than with an ellipse, most of the time.
The conic sections are known at least since 200 BC, when Apollonius of Perga (~262 BC to ~190 BC) studied of their properties. They came to more attention when mathematicians discovered that the solutions of the two-body problem were conic sections.
1622

1622 was a common year.
Events
January 1 - In the Gregorian calendar, January 1 is declared as the first day of the year, instead of March 25.
February 8 - King James I of England disbands the English Parliament.
March 22 - In the Jamestown massacre, Algonquian Native Americans kill 347 English settlers around Jamestown, Virginia (1/3 of the colony's population) and destroys the Henricus settlement.
May 13 -- the Eendracht, Dutch VOC sailing ship and the second recorded European ship to make landfall on Australian soil, is wrecked off the western coast of Ambon Island, Dutch East Indies.
Etienne Brule is the first European to see Lake Superior.
Portugal loses control of the island of Ormus, after 107 years.
Albertus Magnus is beatified by the Roman Catholic Church.
Spanish galleon Nuestra Senora de Atocha sinks off the Florida Keys, while carrying copper, silver, gold, tobacco, and indigo. (Wreck discovered 1985).
The Mothman Prophecies (movie)

The Mothman Prophecies is a 2002 American supernatural horror movie directed by Mark Pellington. It is based on the 1975 book of the same name by American UFOlogist John Keel. It is about the search of local legend Mothman. It was released on January 25, 2002.
Jhangi

Jhangi is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is also known as Jhangi Syedan to the local people. It is to the north of Abbottabad city (the district capital). It includes the northwestern parts of the city, its suburbs, and outlying villages.
Jhangi is at 34deg12'0N 73deg13'60E with a height of 1201 metres (3943 feet). To the south is the city of Abbottabad.
Science fantasy

Science fantasy is a genre that is a combination of the genres fantasy and science fiction.
Nadine Coyle

Nadine Elizabeth Coyle (born 15 June 1985) is an Irish singer, actress, and model. She is a singer of the United Kingdom-based all-female pop music band Girls Aloud.
Agatharchides

Agatharchides or Agatharchus was a Greek historian and geographer. He lived in the second century BC.
Life
Agatharchides is believed to have been born at Cnidus. He was later a secretary to Heraclides Lembus.
Agatharchides wrote a few words about his own life. At the conclusion of his book On the Erythraean Sea, he apologizes for being unable to complete his work "since our age is unable to similarly bear the toil" and "as a result of the disturbances in Egypt" he could no longer access the official records (a fragment cited by Photius in his Bibliotheca Cod. 250.110, 460b).
Writings
Agatharchides was not well known in ancient times. Of his two major works, Affairs in Asia (Ta kata ten Asian) in ten books, and Affairs in Europe (Ta kata ten Europen) in forty-nine books, only a few fragments survive, too few to provide us with any sense of the contents of either work. However, for his On the Erythraean Sea (Peri tes Erythras Thalasses or De Mari Erythraeo) in five books, almost the entire fifth book, a geographical treatise on the Horn of Africa and the lands around the Red Sea, has survived almost intact. According to Burstein, "the comparative soberness of Agatharchides' treatment compared to previous accounts and the wealth of information contained in it led to a quick recognition . . . [that it was] a valuable summary of the results of Ptolemaic exploration."
In the first book of On the Erythraean Sea was a discussion respecting the origin of the name. In the fifth Agatharchides described the mode of life amongst the Sabaeans in Arabia, and the Ichthyophagi, or fish-eaters, the way in which elephants were caught by the elephant-eaters, and the mode of working the gold mines in the mountains of Egypt, near the Red Sea. His account of the Ichthyophagi and of the mode of working the gold mines, has been copied by Diodorus (iii.12-18). Amongst other extraordinary animals he mentions the camelopard, which was found in the country of the Troglodytae, and the rhinoceros.
An Agatharchides, of Samos, is mentioned by Plutarch, as the author of a work on Persia, and one peri lithon. J.A. Fabricius, however, the true reading is Agathyrsides, not Agatharchides.
Namesake
The crater Agatharchides on the Moon is named in his honour.
Pritam

Pritam Chakraborty, also known as Pritam, is an Indian composer, instrumentalist, guitarist, and singer. He was born in a Bengali Brahmin family to Anuradha Chakraborty and Prabodh Chakraborty.
He got his first break for Tere Liye (released December 2001). Though the music was well-received, the film missed the mark. In 2002, The Jeet-Pritam duo once again composed music for Yash Raj Films' Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai. Soon after, Jeet decided to end the partnership..
Samos City

Samos City is the capital of the Greek island Samos. It is in the northeast of the island. Samos City has about 6,000 people. The old town of Samos city is named Vathy. Vathy is beside Samos and it is jointed with it. It is a traditional small town with traditional houses and narrow paths. Vathy has about 2,000 people.
Renault Vel Satis

The Renault Vel Satis was a large automobile created by the French car manufacturer Renault. It has five seats and four doors. It was produced from 2001 to 2009* It was known for its daring styling and was sold in the UK from 2002 to 2005 but was dropped there due to poor sales. Renault also produced another big car with bold styling called the Avantime which was a coupe/grand tourer but it was a poor seller with only 8,557 made between 2001 and 2003.
Memnon (mythology)

Memnon () was an Aethiopian king and an ally of the Trojans during the Trojan War. He was a demigod, the son of Tithonus and Eos, the goddess of the dawn. As a warrior, he was considered to be almost Achilles' equal in prowess and skill. During the Trojan War, Memnon himself slew Antilochus in the middle of a fierce battle and was himself later killed by Achilles. The death of Memnon appears to echo that of Hector, another defender of Troy whom Achilles had also slain.
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge

Gonville and Caius College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It is often called Caius (said keys) by the students. It was created in 1348 by Edmund Gonville who gave money to build it. In 1557 John Caius, a doctor, left some more money after studying at the college. The modern name comes from these two people. It now has about 700 students.
Being old, the college has kept many traditions. For example, there is a formal dinner every night. Also, when students go home for holiday they need to get an official permission from a Fellow (teacher) to leave.
Famous members
Some very famous people have studied at this College. Twelve of them have won a Nobel Prize:
1932 Sir Charles Sherrington - neurophysiologist (student and fellow)
1935 Sir James Chadwick - physicist, discovery of the neutron (student, fellow, and master)
1945 Sir Howard Florey - co-discovery of penicillin (fellow)
1954 Max Born - physicist
1962 Francis Crick - discovery of the structure of DNA (PhD student and honorary fellow)
1972 Sir John Hicks - economist (fellow)
1974 Antony Hewish - astronomer (student and fellow)
1976 Milton Friedman - economist (visiting fellow)
1977 Sir Nevill Mott - theoretical physicist (fellow and Master)
1984 Sir Richard Stone - economist
2001 Joseph Stiglitz - economist (fellow)
2008 Roger Tsien - chemist (fellow)
Stephen Hawking is also a Fellow at Gonville and Caius.
Hantay

Hantay is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,281 people lived there.
Decomposition

Decomposition, or rotting, is what happens to livng things when they die. It also happens to organic material of any kind, such as foodstuffs. The reason it happens is that organic molecules are stores of building blocks and energy. Whatever breaks down organic material uses the energy and building blocks to reproduce itself.
One whole kingdom of living things does nothing except break down organic material: the fungi. Their life style is called 'saprophytic', because they break down and intake organic matter through their cell walls.
A large part of decomposition is done by microbes, especially bacteria. Also common is digestion of flesh by maggots. If insects lay eggs, maggots hatch and begin to feed on the body's tissues.
Lastly, decomposition can take place by inorganic processes. All organic materials break down over time because they are in higher energy states than ordinary inorganic materials.
Heredia Province

Heredia is a province of Costa Rica. It is in the north-central part of the country. The provincial capital is the city of Heredia, in the Central Valley near the city of San Jose, Costa Rica, the national capital.
Location
The Heredia province is a landlocked province (it does not border the ocean) and is bordered on the east by the Limon province, on the south by the San Jose province, on the west by the Alajuela province and to the north by Nicaragua
Geography
Heredia is the smallest province of Costa Rica. It has an area of .
The northern part of the province is formed by plains but the southern part is in the Central Valley and the foothills of the Cordillera Central ("Central mountain range"), also known as Volcanic Central mountain range.
The highest mountain in the province is the Barva volcano, high..
The longest river in the province is the Sarapiqui river, long. Other rivers in the province are: Virilla, Chirripo, Rio Sucio, Sardinal, Peje y San Juan.
Demographics
A person from the province is known as herediano (woman: herediana).
The Heredia province had a population, in 2011, of 433,677 for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The canton of Heredia, with 123,616 inhabitants, is the canton with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Heredia
Administrative divisions
The Heredia province is divided in 10 cantons, which are divided into 43 Districts.
Economy
An important economic activity in the province is farming. Important crops in the province are coffee, strawberry, pineapple, plantain, among others.
Wild at Heart

Wild at Heart is a 1990 American crime thriller movie. It is about a young couple from Cape Fear, North Carolina who go on the run. Nicolas Cage plays Sailor, Laura Dern plays Lula Fortune, Diane Ladd plays Marietta, Isabella Rossellini plays Perdita.
This movie was released on August 17, 1990. It got mostly good reviews by the critics.
God Help the Girl (movie)

God Help the Girl is a 2014 British musical drama movie written and directed by Stuart Murdoch. At the Sundance Film Festival it won the World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award (Ensemble).
Federal Council (Austria)

The Federal Council (, ) is the upper house of the Austrian Parliament, representing the nine States of Austria on federal level.
It is part of a bicameral legislature alongside of the National Council. It can be compared with an upper house or a senate. It is less powerful than the National Council.
The Bundesrat has its seat at the Austrian Parliament Building in Vienna. The Parliament Building is where the Federal Council meets in the Hofburg.
Nijmegen

Nijmegen is a city in Gelderland in the east of the Netherlands. It has about 177,000 inhabitants (2021) and a university, called Radboud University Nijmegen.
Zygomatic bone

The zygomatic bone (cheekbone or malar bone) is a paired facial bone in the upper side of the face. It shows as the prominence of the cheek. The zygomatic bone forms the floor of the eye orbit.
Pine Barrens tree frog

The Pine Barrens tree frog, Anderson's hyla, Anderson's tree toad, or Anderson's tree frog (Dryophytes andersonii) is a frog that lives in the North America. It lives in two places: New Jersey and North Carolina. It is named after the Pine Barrens in southern New Jersey.
The adult frog is about 3.8 cm long from nose to rear end. The frog's skin is green with a purple stripe. There is orange color on the frog's legs. There is some webbing on the frog's hind feet but none on the front feet.
Michael Drosnin

Michael Alan Drosnin (January 31, 1946 - June 9, 2020) was an American journalist and author. He was best known for his writings on the Bible Code. His writings were a set of secret messages written within the Hebrew text of the Torah. Drosnin was born in New York City. He worked as a journalist for The Washington Post (1966-1968) and The Wall Street Journal (1969-1970).
Drosnin died on June 9, 2020 from heart disease in New York City, aged 74.
Thenelles

Thenelles is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Southern Ocean

The Southern Ocean is the ocean around Antarctica. It means the waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans around the continent of Antarctica. Since the 1770s geographers have discussed its limits. Nowadays, sixty degrees south latitude is often accepted. Some people call this ocean the Antarctic Ocean.
The total area is 20,327,000 km2, and the coastline length is 17,968 km.
Avelesges

Avelesges is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
The commune is 44 km away from Amiens.
Lazza

Jacopo Lazzarini (born 22 August 1994), known professionally as Lazza, is an Italian rapper and record producer.
Lazzarini was born in the Calvairate district of Milan. He studied piano at the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory in Milan. He later joined the Zero2 and Blocco Recordz collectives. In 2009, he took part in the annual Italian hip hop event Tecniche Perfette.
Montane shrew

The montane shrew (Sorex monticolus) is a type of shrew in the genus Sorex. It is also called the dusky shrew.
Description
Montane shrews are small, long tailed shrews. They can grow up to 103 and 142mm long. It moults two times a year. They are brownish and silvery white or gray in summer.
Distribution and Habitat
The montane shrew can be found from northern Alaska to New Mexico and from the Pacific coast to central Manitoba. They also live in the Rocky Mountains, Blue Mountains, and the Sierra Nevada. They can be found on Vancouver Island and Queen Charlotte Island.
Montane shrews live in a lot of habitats such as tundra, alpine meadows, forests, and prairies. They are usually found in forest floor. They almost never dig a burrow.
Behavior
Montane shrews are live by themselves. They do not hibernate. They almost never sleep or rest. They are always eating.
Feeding
Montane shrews are insectivorous. It eats insects and their larvae, earthworms, spiders, snails, and, rarely eats small salamanders. Montane shrews have been seen eating conifer seeds, lichens, and fungi.
Reproduction
The breeding season may last from February to August. The gestation period is estimated to be about 13 to 28 days. The young ones are born in a small nest made from grass and kept under a rock or fallen tree. They are given birth to blind and naked. At the age of 3 weeks they are weaned. The expected to live up to 12 to 18 months.
Giba

Giba (Giba) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,057 people lived there. Its area is 30.44 km2. It is 59 meters above sea level.
Shiho Kohata

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kohata was born in Hiroshima Prefecture on November 12, 1989. After graduating from Waseda University, she joined Urawa Reds in 2012. She was selected Best Young Player awards in 2012 season. She was also selected Best Eleven in 2014 season. She played 124 matches for the club in Nadeshiko League until 2018 season. She left the club end of 2018 season. In February 2019, she joined AS Harima Albion. She Retired end of 2020 season.
In May 2014, Kohata was selected the Japan national team for 2014 Asian Cup. At this competition, on May 18, she debuted against Jordan. Japan won the championship. She played 2 games for Japan until 2015.
38

38 is a year in the 1st century. It was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Iulianus and Asprenas.
Events
Probable year of the marriage of Claudius and Messalina
Apion represents a group to complain to Caligula about the Jews in Alexandria
Anti-Jewish riot starts in Alexandria during a visit by Agrippa I. The mob wants to place statues of Caligula in every synagogue.
Elizabeth line

The Elizabeth line is a high-frequency hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit service in London and its suburbs. The service is named after Queen Elizabeth II, who officially opened the line on 17 May 2022 during her Platinum Jubilee year; passenger services started on 24 May 2022.
Under the project name of Crossrail, the system was approved in 2007, and construction began in 2009. Originally planned to open in 2018, the project was repeatedly delayed, including for several months as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Yevgeny Zinichev

Yevgeny Nikolayevich Zinichev (Russian: Evgenii Nikolaevich Zinichev; 18 August 1966 - 8 September 2021) was a Russian politician and military officer. He was the Minister of Emergency Situations from 2018 until his death. He was also a member of the Security Council of Russia. In 2016, he was the acting Governor of Kaliningrad Oblast. He was ranked General of the Army. Zinichev was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union.
Zinichev died on 8 September 2021 in Norilsk, Russia after accidentally falling of a cliff at the age of 55.
Josh Brolin

Josh James Brolin (born February 12, 1968) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for his roles in W., No Country for Old Men, Milk, True Grit, and in Men in Black 3.
Early life
Brolin was born on February 12, 1968 in Santa Monica, California to James Brolin and to Jane Cameron Agee. He was raised in Corpus Christi, Texas.
Personal life
Brolin was married to Alice Adair from 1988 until they divorced in 1992. He has been married to Diane Lane since 2004. Brolin has two children from Adair. Lane filed for divorce in February 2013.
Tahult

Tahult is a locality in Harryda Municipality in Vastra Gotaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 585 people lived there.
DB Station&Service

DB Station&Service is a company from Germany, which is managing over 5,400 train station and has its headquarters in Berlin. It is a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn.
Fyffe, Alabama

Fyffe is a town in DeKalb County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1956. At the 2010 census, the population was 1,018.
Lesjöfors

Lesjofors is an urban area in the county of Varmland in Sweden. It is located within the municipality of Filipstad.
Werentzhouse

Werentzhouse is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan

The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (TISA), also known as the Afghan Transitional Authority, was the name of a temporary administration of Afghanistan put in place by the loya jirga of June 2002. It succeeded the original Islamic State of Afghanistan and preceded the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004-2021).
Mahdavia

Mahdavia ( mahdawi) is a Mahdi'ist movement founded in the 15th century which follows the principles set forth by Syed Jaunpuri. A subsect of Mahdavia, called Zikri, is mostly practised in Pakistan.
Psittaculidae

The parrot family Psittaculidae consists of five subfamilies, Agapornithinae, Loriinae, Platycercinae, Psittacellinae and Psittaculinae.
This family has been accepted into The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World in 2014, and the IOC World Bird List.
Schadenfreude

Schadenfreude comes from the German word by the same name. It literally translates to harm joy. It is the happiness that somebody gets when somebody else is hurt. Psychologists theorize that there are three causes for this emotion. Aggression, rivalry, or justice. Aggression-based schadenfreude happens because seeing someone else's group fail makes them feel better about themselves. Rivalry-based schadenfreude happens because seeing someone else fail makes them feel better about themselves. These may seem similar, but the difference is in that aggression is related to in-group and out-group identities, and rivalry is based on individuals. The last form is justice-based schadenfreude. This happens because people feel happy that someone bad is being punished. They feel good that the bad person is getting what they deserve.
Chatroulette

Chatroulette is a webcam chatting site founded by Andrei Ternowski in November 2009. Two people are randomly connected. At any time, one of the people can end the chat by pressing F9 on their keyboard. According to Robert J. Moore, the CEO and co-founder of RJMetrics, about 1 in 8 people are either naked or lewd. Many people think children should not use it. Since December 2012, users can only use their webcam if they have had at least 3 conversations that lasted 10 minutes or longer. If a user didn't do that yet, their webcam will display a picture. Also, a person has to register before using it. If someone acts strange or offends another person, you can report him/her by keyboard.
Grey cutthroat eel

The grey cutthroat eel (Synaphobranchus affinis) is a cutthroat eel. It lives a benthic lifestyle, inhabiting the continental margin and global deep waters including near Portugal, the Canary Islands, Morocco, Japan, Australia, and others.