kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Niki Lauda

Andreas Nikolaus "Niki" Lauda (22 February 1949 - 20 May 2019) was an Austrian Formula One driver. He was a three-time F1 World Drivers' Champion, winning in , and . He was also an aviator, entrepreneur and writer. He has founded and run two airlines and was manager of the Jaguar Formula One racing team for two years. In February 2018, Toto Wolff and Niki Lauda signed a deal at Mercedes until 2020.
Lauda died after a period of ill health on 20 May 2019 in Zurich. He was 70.
Niki Lauda raced in the 1973 F1 season as a member of the British racing motors team.in 1974 he signed with the prestigious pransing horse Scuderia Ferrari team and gathered his first career F1 victory (as well as an additional win), finishing the season in fourth place. The 1975 racing season is one of the most storid in F1 history. Through nine races, Lauda had 5 victories and more than twice as many points in the championship standings as his closest competitor. Lauda tried to get the other drivers to agree to boycott the 10th race of the season, the German Grand Prix at the Nurburgring, but Lauda lost and the race went ahead. On the second lap of the German Grand Prix Lauda crashed and his car went on fire.
Fred Wendorf

Denver Fred Wendorf (July 31, 1924 - July 15, 2015) was an American archaeologist. He was a professor emeritus of Anthropology at Southern Methodist University. He received his Ph.D. in 1953 from Harvard University, and founded the anthropology department at SMU along with founding the Fort Burgwin Research Center in Taos, New Mexico.
Wendorf was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences.
Red mercury

Red mercury is a term used for a number of substances that are supposed to exist (or that could possibly exist). So far, no such substance has been found. The chemical element mercury most often occurs in a mixture with Sulphur, as HgS. That mixture is known as Cinnabar, and reddish in color. In pure form, mercury is silver in color.
The following assumptions about red mercury have been proved as false:
It could be part of a fraud, The title Red would refer to the former Communist Europe. The name was made during Cold War.
It could be a codename for very pure Uranium or Plutonium.
It could be a very potent conventional explosive. This would make it possible to build small hydrogen bombs.
Abagor

Abagor (Russian: Abagor) is a seldom-used male first name in Russia, with its colloquial form being Bagor (Bagor). It was commonly found in various handwritten church calendars from the 17th to 19th centuries but was later excluded from the official Synodal Menologium in the late 19th century. The name is thought to have originated from Biblical Hebrew, where it meant "father of Gor." If used as a first name, the derived patronymics for males and females are "Abagorovich" and "Abagorovna," respectively.
Villemagne

Villemagne is a commune of 261 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Peru (song)

"Peru" is an afrobeats song by Nigerian singer Fireboy DML. It was released on July 20, 2021. It is from Fireboy DML's album, Playboy. On December 23, 2021, a reworked version of "Peru" was released, in collaboration with British singer-songwriter, Ed Sheeran.
Canadian Shield

The Canadian Shield is also called the Laurentian Plateau, or (French).
It is a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks (geological shield). It is the ancient geological core of the North American continent (the North American Craton or Laurentia).
A continuation of the shield is in west Greenland, to which it was once connected. In the United States the shield is mostly covered with much younger rocks and sediment.
The Canadian Shield round Hudson Bay is covered with shallow soil. Its main industrial use is for mining.
Venhuizen

Venhuizen is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. Since 2006, it has been part of the municipality of Drechterland.
Philip VI of France

Philip VI (1293 - 22 August 1350), called "the Fortunate", was King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. He was the first king from the House of Valois part of the Capetian dynasty.
Tekken 3

Tekken 3 is a 1998 fighting video game made by Namco.
Machala

Machala () is a city in south-west Ecuador. It is the capital of the El Oro Province. Machala has a population of 241,606 since 2010. It is called the Banana Capital of the World.
Jean-Pierre Roy

Jean-Pierre Roy (June 26, 1920 - November 1, 2014) was a Canadian baseball player in Major League Baseball. He pitched in three games during the 1946 season for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He was born in Montreal, Quebec.
Roy died on November 1, 2014 at his home in Tampa, Florida, United States. He was 94.
Mojado Power

Mojado Power () is a 1981 Mexican comedy movie directed by Alfonso Arau (who also stars) and also starring Blanca Guerra, Pedro Damian, Socorro Bonilla.
MTN Elite One

The Championnat du Cameroun de football is the top division football league in Cameroon. Since 2007 they are called the MTN Elite One for sponsorship reasons.
Nicholas Nickleby

Nicholas Nickleby or The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (or also The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, Containing a Faithful Account of the Fortunes, Misfortunes, Uprisings, Downfallings, and Complete Career of the Nickleby Family) is a novel by Charles Dickens. It was published as a serial from 1838 to 1839. It was Dickens' third novel. The story is about the life and adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, a young man who must support his mother and sister after his father dies.
Foxborough, Massachusetts

Foxborough is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 16,865 at the 2010 census.
Ephraim, Utah

Ephraim is a city in Sanpete County, Utah, United States. The population was 5,611 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city in Sanpete County.
Assamese language

Assamese ( translated asOxomiya) () is the easternmost Indo-Aryan language, spoken most in the state of Assam in North-East India. It is also the main language of Assam. It is spoken in parts of Arunachal Pradesh and other northeast Indian states.
Klippan Municipality

Klippan Municipality () is a municipality in Skane County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Klippan.
Sofi Needs a Ladder

"Sofi Needs a Ladder" is a song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5 and features vocals from Sofia Toufa (SOFI). The song is featured on deadmau5's fifth studio album 4x4=12.
The song was first played on BBC Radio 1 on 22 October 2010.
It was originally an instrumental song and was called "You Need a Ladder" but the song was changed to "Sofi Needs a Ladder" when Sofia Toufa performed the vocals for it.
Deadmau5 create a contest for the best remix of "Sofi Needs A Ladder". The winner's name is MosDam, that had remixed a lot of Deadmau5 tracks.
The song is featured during a house party in a season 8 episode of Entourage, The finals of The X Factor where the first verse was mashed with "What a Feeling" and was performed by Cher Lloyd, the club scene during The Hangover Part II and on the soundtrack of Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit.
Sofi Needs a Ladder won a Juno Award for "Best Dance Recording" in 2011.
Nontheism

'Nontheism' is a term that describes anyone who is not a theist. In other words, a nontheist is anyone who does not have a specific belief in a god or deity. It usually refers to anyone who does not have any religious belief. This is a lot like atheism, but the two terms are often used in different ways.
Origin of the term
The term "nontheism" was first used by G. J. Holyoake in 1852. He used it because of the bad associations with the term atheism.
"Mr. [Charles] Southwell has taken an objection to the term Atheism. We are glad he has. We have disused it a long time [...]. We disuse it, because Atheist is a worn-out word. Both the ancients and the moderns have understood by it one without God, and also without morality. Thus the term connotes more than any well-informed and earnest person accepting it ever included in it; that is, the word carries with it associations of immorality, which have been repudiated by the Atheist as seriously as by the Christian. Non-theism is a term less open to the same misunderstanding, as it implies the simple non-acceptance of the Theist's explanation of the origin and government of the world."
Nontheism in society
Today, about 2.3% of the world's population describes itself as atheist. About 11.9% is described as 'nontheist'. Between 64% and 65% of Japanese describe themselves as atheists, agnostics, or non-believers, and up to 48% in Russia. The percentage of such people in European Union member states ranges between 6% (Italy) and 85% (Sweden).
Antimony pill

An Antimony pill is a pill made from metallic antimony. It was a popular remedy in the nineteenth century, used to purge and revitalise the bowels. In use, it is swallowed and allowed to pass through the body, after which it is recovered for reuse. They called it the everlasting pill.
Leg

A leg is a weight-bearing and locomotion device. Birds and humans have two legs, but many animals have four or six or even more. A biped is an animal with two legs and quadruped is an animal with four legs.
Centipedes and millipedes have many more legs.
By extension, the word is also used for some objects. For example tables and chairs, also have legs to hold them up.
People also use the word "leg" in idioms, for example:
you do not have a leg to stand on (that means "you have no support; you have no chance in this discussion")
to leg it (to run)
to pull someone's leg (to play a little joke on someone for fun by trying to make them believe something that is not true)
Components
A leg is a structure of gross anatomy, meaning that it is large enough to be seen unaided. The components depend on the animal. In humans and other mammals, a leg includes the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, nerves, and skin. In insects, the leg includes most of these things, except that insects have an exoskeleton that replaces the function of both the bones and the skin.
Sometimes the end of the leg, or foot, is considered part of the leg; other times it is considered separate. Similarly, the hip joint or other place where the leg attaches to the main body may be considered separate or part of the leg.
Robotic leg
A robotic leg is moved by an actuator, which is a type of motor for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. It is operated by a source of energy, usually in the form of an electric current and converts that energy into some kind of motion.
C.A. River Plate

Club Atletico River Plate, commonly known as River Plate, is an Argentine professional football club. They are based in Buenos Aires, and play their home games at Estadio Monumental.
The name of the club is English for Rio de la Plata. They are the most succcessful club in Argentina, with 36 league titles. River Plate has a very strong rivalry with Boca Juniors, mainly because both teams are from Buenos Aires and also are considered the biggest teams in Argentina. Matches between them sometimes involve violence between supporters.
Osmoregulation

Osmoregulation is how living things keep the right amount of salt and water in their bodies. All living things do this, from bacteria to humans.
The basic idea is that organisms keep osmotic pressure by controlling their water and salt concentrations. There are regulators and conformers. Conformers match their environment, and regulators do things which act to keep their internal water at a standard level of saltiness.
Sea fish, for example, tend to gain salt if they live in seawater. So they actively put out (excrete) salt from their gills. River fish, on the other hand, take the salt out before they excrete water. Some fish, like the flounder, live in both fresh and salt water at different stages in its life. They adapt to whichever water they are in.
Plants
All plants regulate their water balance. Xerophytes like cacti keep water inside so they do not become too salty. Plants that live in seasonal wetlands also have ways of avoiding desiccation. Many plant leaves have a waterproof cuticle to regulate the loss of water, and use spiracles for gas exchange. Osmoregulation is an important aspect of homeostasis. it involves the balance between water and solute contents of cells.
Land animals
The change from being in water to living on land was one of the most significant things which happened in evolution. From the perspective of water balance this was one of the most dramatic changes ever made. Suddenly, the new land animal had the problem of losing too much water through its skin, and taking in too little if it moved away from the water.
Kidneys
Kidneys are the organ of osmoregulation in vertebrates, including humans. In the nephron, blood is filtered through the glomerulus. The filtrate, water, salts, and other small molecules, enters the tubule of the nephron. In excretion, the filtrate which remains in the tube leaves the kidney and becomes urine.
The amount of water reabsorbed is controlled by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and angiotensin II. For example, too high solute concentration in the blood (osmolarity) is detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus (part of the brain). The hypothalamus then stimulates ADH release from the pituitary gland to make the walls of the collecting ducts more permeable to water. Therefore, more water is reabsorbed from fluid in the kidneys to prevent too much water from being excreted.
As an illustration of how universal osmoregulation is, bacteria also do it.
Sources
Standard medical books of course have sections on the human kidney and the human water regulation. The complex details of hormone interaction is not covered in this brief summary.
Osmoregulation in animals generally is one of the issues surveyed in:
Alexander, R. McNeill 1990. Animals. Cambridge University Press. . Excretion p186; Water balance p262.
Schnidt-Nielsen K. 1990. Animal physiology: adaptation and environment. 4th ed, Cambridge University Press. . Part 4: Water.
Wood, Janet M. 2011. Bacterial osmoregulation: a paradigm for the study of cellular homeostasis. Annual Review of Microbiology. 65 (1): 215-238.
Travis Rice

Travis Rice (born October 9, 1982) is an American pro snowboarder. He is #13 on Snowboarder magazine's list of 20 most of influental snowboarders of the last 20 years. The 38-years old has featured on snowboarding movies. In 2013, Rice was the named the best contemporary snowboarder in the world by Red Bull; Rice was also halled as one of the greatest snowboarders of all time by numerous writers and publications.
Pernell Roberts

Pernell Roberts (May 18, 1928 - January 24, 2010) was an American actor.
Career
Early in his career, Roberts got a small role in the film Desire Under the Elms (1958) with Sophia Loren and Anthony Perkins.
He worked in the western film starring Glenn Ford, The Sheepman (1958).
In 1959, Roberts got a co-star role in the western film Ride Lonesome, with Randolph Scott.
In 1959, he contracted with Lorne Greene, Michael Landon and Dan Blocker to star in the NBC television series Bonanza. Roberts played Adam Cartwright, the eldest son of Ben Cartwright (Lorne Greene).
Roberts left the show after starring in 202 episodes between 1959 and 1965
In the 1970s he starred in westerns such as Four Rode Out (1970) and TV Western The Bravos (1972) with George Peppard.
He also starred in the television western High Noon, Part II: The Return of Will Kane (1980) with Lee Majors.
His other success in television was in the series Trapper John, M.D. (1979-1986). He played the doctor John McIntyre.
For this series, Pernell Roberts was nominated for an Emmy in 1981.
Roberts was a special guest star in many TV shows like Tombstone Territory (1958), Zane Grey Theater (1958), The Detectives starring Robert Taylor (1960), Jim West, Gunsmoke (1967), Mission Impossible (1967-1973), Banacek (1972), Mannix (1973), Police Story (1974-1975), The Six Million Dollar Man (1976), Baretta (1977), Vega$ (1980) and Diagnosis Murder (1994-1997).
Armagh

Armagh ( ; , , "Macha's height") is the county town of County Armagh and a city in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish.
Bewitched

Bewitched is a comedy television show that was shown on TV by ABC from 1964 to 1972. It is about a man who is married to a witch.
The lead characters are Darrin and Samantha Stephens. Samantha twitches her nose or moves her hands to make a spell happen. Samantha was played by Elizabeth Montgomery. Darrin was played by Dick York from 1964 to 1969. Because of illness, Dick York left the show and was replaced by Dick Sargent who played Darrin from 1969 to 1972. Samantha's mother Endora was played by Agnes Moorehead. Endora dislikes Darrin and often makes things difficult for him.
Post (album)

Post is an album by Icelandic rock singer Bjork. She sent it out on June of 1995. It includes techno and dance songs.
Post was one of the most popular albums of Bjork. It was ranked #26 in Spin magazine's "100 Greatest Albums, 1985-2005".
Patricia Janečková

Patricia Janeckova (born on 18 June 1998) is a Slovak singer. She was the winner of the Czecho-Slovak television show Talentmania in December 2010. She became famous through the broadcasting of CNN television at once after the winning.
Janeckova was born in Germany.
Xander Mobus

Xander Mobus is an American voice actor. He is mostly known for his work in English dubs (a type of translation, where the original audio is replaced with audio in another language) of anime and video games. He is the announcer of Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, and the voice actor of Joker in Persona 5.
Pope Innocent IV

Pope Innocent IV (; c. 1195 - December 7, 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 181st Pope from June 25, 1243 until his death in 1254.
Early life
Fieschi was born in Genoa. The Fieschi were a noble family of Liguria.
His nephew will become Adrian V.
He studied at the universities of Parma and Bologna.
Cardinal
Pope Gregory IX made Fieschi a cardinal on September 18, 1227.
Pope
Cardinal Fieschi was elected pope on June 25, 1243. He chose the name Innocent IV. Ottobuono Fieschi was the pope's cardinal-nephew during this reign.
Pope Innocent was involved in Italian and European political disputes. The central problem of his papacy was a conflict with Frederick II, who was the Holy Roman Emperor.
In 1245, Pope Innocent called church leaders to the Council of Lyons in France.
Innocent granted the use of the red hat to the cardinals in 1245. The red had was a symbol of the cardinal's readiness to shed their blood in the cause of the church.
Dragon and Phoenix

Dragon and Phoenix is the second book in the Dragonlords series written by Joanne Bertin. It is a story of how Linden Rathan and his soultwin, Maurynna Kyrissaean, lead a party to rescue a dragon from the Jehanglan empire.
Abercrombie, Fife

This article is about the village in Scotland. For other things with the name Abercrombie, please see Abercrombie.
Abercrombie (Gaelic: Obar Chrombaidh) is a small village in Fife, Scotland. It is around 1 mile north of the village of St Monans, and 10 miles south of the town of St Andrews. Abercrombie was the former name of the parish (church district) of St Monans, although both Abercrombie and St Monans had churches.
1928

The year 1928 (MCMXXIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. It was also a leap year starting on Saturday on the Julian calendar. This is before Tuesday, January 1, 1929, with an adoption of the Gregorian calendar from every state in the entire world.
Events
January 31 - Leon Trotsky is exiled to Kazakhstan
February 8 - British inventor John Logie Baird sends the first television signal across the Atlantic Ocean, from London to New York
May 7 - The United Kingdom gives equal voting rights to women by passing the Representation of the People Act. This law allows women to vote when they are 21 years old, like men. Before this, women could not vote until they were 30.
June 9 - Australian flyer Charles Kingsford Smith finishes the first airplane flight across the Pacific Ocean.
September 28 - Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
October 2 - Josemaria Escriva starts Opus Dei.
Births
January
January 5 - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan and 4th President of Pakistan (d. 1979)
February
February 1 - Stuart Whitman, American actor
February 22 - Sir Bruce Forsyth, British entertainer and television presenter
February 26 - Fats Domino, American musician
February 28 - Sir Stanley Baker, Welsh actor (d. 1976)
February 29 - Joss Ackland, British actor
March
March 5 - Diana Coupland, British actress
March 6 - Glyn Owen, Welsh actor (d. 2004)
March 20 - Fred Rogers, American television children's program host and writer (d. 2003)
April
April 7 - James Garner, American actor (Maverick, The Rockford Files)
April 23 - Shirley Temple, American child actress and diplomat (d. 2014)
April 24 - Tommy Docherty, Scottish footballer and manager of Manchester United F.C. (1973-1977)
April 30 - Dickie Davies, British television sports presenter (World of Sport)
May
May 4 - Hosni Mubarak, 4th President of Egypt and Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 2020)
May 12 - Burt Bacharach, American composer and songwriter
May 23
Rosemary Clooney, American singer and actress (d. 2002)
Nigel Davenport, British actor (d. 2013)
May 30 - Clint Walker, American actor (Cheyenne)
June
June 1 - Bob Monkhouse, British actor, comedian, writer and television game show host (d. 2003)
June 14 - Che Guevara, Argentinian Marxist revolutionary (d. 1967)
July
July 12
Sir Alastair Burnett, British journalist and television newsreader (ITV)
Kathy Staff, British actress (Crossroads, Last of the Summer Wine)
July 26 - Stanley Kubrick, American movie director (d. 1999)
August
August 10 - Eddie Fisher, American singer (d. 2010)
August 22 - Karlheinz Stockhausen, German composer (d. 2007)
September
September 19 - Adam West, American actor (Batman, Family Guy)
October
November
November 10 - Ennio Morricone, Italian composer, orchestrator and conductor (d. 2022)
December
December 1 - Malachi Throne, American television actor (d. 2013)
December 12 - Chinghiz Aitmatov, Kyrgyzstani writer (d. 2008)
December 30 - Bo Diddley, American rock and roll musician (d. 2008).
John C. Bogle

John Clifton "Jack" Bogle (May 8, 1929 - January 16, 2019) was an American investor, businessman, and philanthropist. He was the founder and chief executive of The Vanguard Group. He was born in Montclair, New Jersey. He was known for his 1999 book Common Sense on Mutual Funds: New Imperatives for the Intelligent Investor.
Bogle died of esophageal cancer on January 16, 2019, at his home in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, aged 89.
Settsu Province

was a old province of Japan in the area of Hyogo Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture on the island of Honshu.
The ancient capital city of the province was Osaka.
History
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. Maps of Japan and Settsu Province were reformed in the 1870s.
Shrines and Temples
Sumiyoshi taisha was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Settsu.
Flag of Eswatini

The flag of Eswatini was adopted on October 6, 1968.
Appearance
It has a horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) and the yellow-edged red (triple width) with the large black and white Nguni shield covering two spears and the staff decorated with the feather tassels called injobo (tassels-bunches of feathers of the widowbird and the lourie) all centered horizontally of the red band.
Marty Schottenheimer

Martin Edward "Marty" Schottenheimer (; September 23, 1943 - February 8, 2021) was an American retired-professional American football player and coach. He served as head coach of the Cleveland Browns, Kansas City Chiefs, Washington Redskins, and San Diego Chargers. He had the most wins of any NFL coach to never coach a team in a Super Bowl.
Early life
Schottenheimer was born in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. He was raised in McDonald, Pennsylvania. He studied at the University of Pittsburgh.
Career
From 1965 through 1968, he played for the Buffalo Bills. From 1969 through 1970, he played for the Boston Patriots.
In 21 years as an NFL head coach, Schottenheimer won 200 regular season games and 5 out of 18 games in the postseason. He had only two seasons with more losses than wins in his entire career, and none until his 15th season; the Browns finished with a losing record in his first season, but with Schottenheimer as their coach, they were 4-4. He is the only coach in NFL history with at least 200 wins that has a losing playoff record.
He was the head coach of the San Diego Chargers from 2002 through 2006. He was fired from his head coaching position with the San Diego Chargers in 2007, after leading the Chargers to a 14-2 regular season record but a disappointing second round playoff loss.
After being fired as head coach of the Chargers, he became the head coach of the Virginia Destroyers of the United Football League. He would later win his only championship as a coach in his lone season there.
Personal life
In 1968, he married his wife Pat. They have two children including Brian, who serves as the quarterbacks coach for the Indianapolis Colts. Schottenheimr's younger brother Kurt has also served as an NFL coach.
In October 2016, it was revealed that Schottenheimer was diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer's disease in 2011.
On February 3, 2021, his family announced he had been put into hospice care the week before in Charlotte, North Carolina. He died on February 8, 2021 from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease, aged 77.
Lyoto Machida

Lyoto Carvalho Machida (born May 30, 1978), nicknamed "The Dragon", is a mixed martial arts fighter from Salvador, Brazil. He is a former Ultimate Fighting Championship Light Heavyweight champion. He is a third degree black belt in Machida Karate. He is a first degree black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. He is known to have great counter-fighting ability. He has now retired.
FreeRice

FreeRice is a non-profit organization that donates rice to the hungry people around the world. Players choose an answer from a multiple-choice question. As the player gets more right answers, they advance in level. The highest level depends on the subject.
Donation
In 2008, FreeRice became economically sufficient to donate 20 grains of rice per answer instead of 10. Unfortunately, the economic landslide of 2009 reduced the grains per answer back down to 10.
Baltimore Orioles (19th century)

The Baltimore Orioles were a 19th-century American Association and National League. They formed in 1882 and went defunct 1899. The team, which featured numerous future Hall of Famers, finished in first place three consecutive years (1894-1896) and won the Temple Cup championship in 1896 and 1897.
Francesca Bellettini

Francesca Bellettini (born 18 April 1970) is an Italian business woman. She has been the chief executive officer of Yves Saint Laurent since 2013. Due to the extraordinary growth of the company under her leadership, she has been named by the Financial Times as one of the 25 most influential women of 2022.
Chocolate Hills

The Chocolate Hills are a geological formation in Bohol Province, Philippines. There are at least 1,260 hills (and maybe more) spread over an area of more than . They are covered in green grass that turns brown (like chocolate) during the dry season, hence the name.
The Chocolate Hills a famous tourist attraction of the state Bohol. They are on the provincial flag and seal as natural attractions of the province. They are in the Philippine Tourism Authority's list of tourist destinations in the Philippines. They have been declared the country's third National Geological Monument and proposed for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
The Chocolate Hills are conical karst hills similar to those seen in the limestone regions of Slovenia, Croatia, northern Puerto Rico, and Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba. They probably started as corals growing in a warm, shallow sea about two million years ago. The hills consist of sandy to rubbly marine limestones. These limestones contain abundant fossils of foraminifera, coral, molluscs, and algae. These conical hills were created by limestone dissolving in rainfall and groundwater. There was erosion by rivers and streams after they were lifted above sea level. The hills are separated by flat plains and have numerous caves and springs. The Chocolate Hills are a remarkable example of conical karst topography.
Shangla Pass

Shangla Pass is a mountain pass in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It connects Upper Swat with Lower Swat.
Tomaž Šalamun

Tomaz Salamun (July 4, 1941 - December 27, 2014) was a Slovenian poet. He was a leading name of postwar neo-avant-garde poetry in Central Europe and internationally acclaimed absurdist.
Salamun died on 27 December 2014 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, aged 73.
Musket

A musket is a muzzleloading, smoothbore firearm, which is meant to be fired from the shoulder.
The musket is the weapon that replaced the arquebus, and was then replaced by the rifle. But the word musket is also used to describe a number of different weapons including:
a long, heavy weapon with a matchlock or wheellock and loose powder fired with the gun barrel resting on a stand
a lighter weapon with a flintlock or percussion cap firing mechanism, with a bayonet.
Muskets were made for use by infantry. A soldier armed with a musket was called a musketman or musketeer. In the 1500's, soldiers armed with a heavy arquebus, called a musket, supported the arquebusiers and the pikemen. By the start of 1700's, a lighter type of musket took over from the arquebus. When the bayonet was added, there was no longer a need for pikemen, and almost all infantry soldiers became musketeers. The first musket made in the united States was the Springfield Model 1795 Musket. In the 1800's, better ammunition and ways of firing the gun, meant that rifling was practical for military use, and the rifled musket became common. A few years later, the use of cartridges, breechloading, and multiple rounds of ammunition meant the "rifled musket" gave way to the rifle, and "muskets" were no longer used.
Musket calibres ranged from to . A smoothbore musket, firing at a single target, was only accurate to about to . Rifled muskets in the 1850's were much better, able to hit a man sized target at up to . The advantage of this longer distance was shown at the Battle of Four Lakes, where Springfield Model 1855 rifled muskets killed Indian warriors before they could get close enough with their smoothbore muskets. However, in the Italian War of 1859, French forces were able to defeat the longer range of Austrian rifle muskets by quick, small attacks and bayonet attacks at close range.
José, Prince of Brazil

{{Infobox royalty
| name = Jose
| title = Prince of Brazil,
| image = D. Jose, Principe da Beira e do Brasil.jpg
| caption = Jose while Prince of Beira, by do Amaral, 1773; age 12.
| spouse =Infanta Benedita of Portugal
| full name = Jose Francisco Xavier de Paula Domingos Antonio Agostinho Anastacio de Braganca
| house = House of Braganza
| father = Pedro III of Portugal
| mother = Maria I of Portugal
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Real Barraca, Ajuda, Kingdom of Portugal
| death_date =
| death_place = Real Barraca, Ajuda, Portugal
| burial_place = Royal Pantheon of the House of Braganza
| religion = Roman Catholicism
|}}
Infante Jose of Portugal, Prince of Brazil, Duke of Braganza (20 August 1761 - 11 September 1788) was the heir apparent to the Kingdom of Portugal until his death in 1788, as the eldest child of Queen Maria I of Portugal and King Pedro III of Portugal. He was also the Prince of Beira but better known as the Prince of Brazil.
Jose died of smallpox at the age of 27, causing his younger and ill-prepared brother, Infante Joao, to become heir-apparent and eventually King. Joao's reign would be a turbulent one, seeing Napoleonic invasion of Portugal and the loss of the Portuguese Empire's largest and wealthiest colony, Brazil.
Early life
Jose was born at the Real Barraca where the Palace of Ajuda in Lisbon stands today. He was named after his grandfather who was the ruling King of Portugal at the time of his birth. His grandfather created him "Prince of Beira", this being the first time when the title was given to a male.
At the time of his birth, his parents were the Prince and Princess of Brazil, his mother the Heir presumptive of the king.
Marriage
On 21 February 1777, he married his 30-year-old aunt the Infanta Benedita of Portugal. Jose was 15 years old. Benedita was an attractive woman and the main candidate for the wife of Jose. The marriage was the great wish of king Jose.
They had no children. Benedita miscarried twice, in 1781 and in 1786. Three days after their wedding, Jose's grandfather and Benedita's father the old King Jose died, and his mother succeeded as queen in her own right. Infante Jose became the new crown prince, being accorded the titles Prince of Brazil and 14th Duke of Braganza.
Death and legacy
Jose died at the age of 27 of smallpox. Upon Jose's death, his younger brother Infante John became heir-apparent to the throne and thus the new Prince of Brazil. Jose died on the Ajuda Royal Complex in Lisbon. His mother and wife were very badly affected by his death. His wife would be known as the "Dowager Princess of Brazil" till her death in 1829.
Burial
Jose is buried in the Royal Pantheon of the House of Braganza in Lisbon, the resting place for most of the members of the House of Braganza.
Amir Aghaei

Amir Aghaei (, born 1 August 1975) is an Iranian actor.
Sport England

Sport England is the name for the English Sports Council. It is a non-departmental public body under the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. It works with national governing bodies of sport to grow the number of people in sports. Their goal is to keep these people in the sports. Sport England also helps more talented people do well by identifying them early, nurturing them, and helping them move up to the top level.
Sport England has two statutory, functions: (1) a lottery distributor for sport; and (2) it must be consulted on planning applications that affect playing fields. The funding it distributes comes from both H.M. Treasury and the National Lottery. Since 1994, it has invested over PS2bn of lottery funds and PS300 million from the Exchequer into sports in England.
Montipora

Montipora is a genus of Scleractinian corals in the phylum Cnidaria. There are 85 known species.
Montipora corals are common on reefs and lagoons of the Red Sea, the western Indian Ocean and the southern Pacific Ocean. They are entirely absent in the Atlantic Ocean.
This coral grows in plates. It can cover huge portions of a reef. The coral is attached permanently to the ocean floor. It spreads out into thin, wide, leaf-like colonies. Larger colonies can grow out in multiple layers. Its surface is covered with many bumpy protrusions.
Diet
It gets most of its nutritional needs from the symbiotic dinoflagellates that live inside its cells.
Russian desman

The Russian desman (Desmana moschata) is a type of mammal in the family Talpidae. It is the largest type of mole. It is found in the Volga, Don and Ural River basins in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It digs burrows into the banks of ponds and slow-moving streams. It prefers small, overgrown ponds with lots of insects, crayfish and amphibians. The Russian desman often lives in small groups of two to five of them that are usually not related.
My Way (Usher song)

"My Way" is a song by American singer Usher. It was released from the album of the name name in 1998. It features Jermaine Dupri as backing vocalist. The song reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song did not reach number one because of Brandy Norwood and Monica's single "The Boy Is Mine". It spent 13 weeks at number two. Because "Nice & Slow" was not successful in the UK, "My Way" was not released as a single there.
Track listing
US Vinyl, 12"
My Way [Remix W/J.D.] 3:37 Rap [Featuring] - Jermaine Dupri
My Way [Remix Instrumental] 3:37
My Way [Remix Acappella] 3:37 Rap [Featuring] - Jermaine Dupri
My Way [Album Version] 3:38
My Way [Instrumental] 3:36
My Way [Acapella]
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
University of Nebraska Press

The University of Nebraska Press, also known as UNP, is an academic publisher of scholarly and general-interest books. It was created in 1941. The press is controlled by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the main campus of the University of Nebraska system. UNP mostly publishes non-fiction books and academic journals. They publish in both print and electronic editions. The press has strong publishing programs in Native American studies, Western American history, sports, world and national affairs, and military history.
UNP has published more than 4,000 books and 30 journals. They publish more than 150 new titles each year, making it the 12th biggest university press in the United States. Since 2010, two of UNP's books have received the Bancroft Prize, the highest honor given to history books in the U.S.
Big Time Rush

Big Time Rush (BTR) is an American television series created by Scott Fellows. It originally aired on Nickelodeon. It stars the boy band of the same name, which includes Kendall Schmidt, James Maslow, Carlos Pena Jr., and Logan Henderson. The show centers on four hockey players from Minnesota who were selected to form a boy band in Los Angeles. Aired on November 28, 2009, the series continued for four seasons. It ended with an hour-long finale special called "Big Time Dreams".
Guyans-Durnes

Guyans-Durnes is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Archaeopteris

Archaeopteris is an extinct genus of progymnosperm tree with fern-like leaves. This tree is found in strata from the Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous.
For a while, 383 to 323 million years ago, it was the dominant tree all over the Earth. They had a world-wide distribution. On all the land areas that were habitable, they all had this tree.
Until the 2007 discovery of Wattieza, many botanists thought Archaeopteris was the earliest known tree. It has buds, reinforced branch joints, and branched trunks similar to today's wood. It is more like modern seed-bearing trees than other spore-bearing plants. It is a bit like woody trees and herbaceous ferns. These extinct plants are sometimes called the progymnosperms. They are plants with gymnosperm-like wood but which produce spores rather than seeds.
Because it bears spores. it is an ancestor of the gymnosperms.
Anne Feeney

Anne Feeney (July 1, 1951 - February 3, 2021) was an American folk musician and singer-songwriter, political activist and attorney. Feeney was born July 1, 1951, in Charleroi, Pennsylvania, Her mother was a homemaker and her father a chemical engineer at Westinghouse Electric Co. She began her career in 1969 as a student activist playing a Phil Ochs song at a Vietnam War protest, one of many causes she embraced. As an undergraduate she cofounded Pittsburgh's first rape crisis center and went on to earn a Juris Doctor degree in 1978, seeking to effect social change through the legal system. She worked as a lawyer for 12 years while also pursuing music and activism, and ultimately decided engaging through music was her calling. Blending Irish music with American folk and bluegrass, as well as her political message, she recorded twelve albums and toured most of the period from 1991 to 2015, attending protest rallies and joining the concerts of groups like Peter, Paul and Mary. The latter also recorded a version of Feeney's anthem for civil disobedience, "Have You Been to Jail for Justice?"
In August 2010, while touring in Sweden, Feeney was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. Feeney was in rehabilitation for a fracture in her back when she contracted pneumonia related to COVID-19. She died at UPMC Shadyside hospital in Pittsburgh on February 3, 2021, aged 69, with her family by her side.
Communications Act

Communications Act may refer to:
The Communications Act of 1934 in the United States
The Communications Act 2003 in the United Kingdom
Arrondissement of Châtellerault

The arrondissement of Chatellerault is an arrondissement of France, in the Vienne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Chatellerault.
History
When the Vienne department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Chatellerault was part of that original department.
Geography
The arrondissement of Chatellerault is in northern Vienne and is bordered to the northwest by the Maine-et-Loire department, to the north and east by the Indre-et-Loire department, to the southeast by the Indre department (a small part) and the arrondissement of Montmorillon, to the south by the arrondissement of Poitiers and to the west by the Deux-Sevres department.
It has an area of . It has 112,313 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km2.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
Kimberly Williams-Paisley

Kimberly Payne Williams-Paisley (nee Williams; born September 14, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Annie Banks-Mackenzie in the 1991 comedy Father of the Bride (1991) and its sequel, Father of the Bride Part II (1995) and as Dana in the sitcom According to Jim.
Throughout her acting career, she has guest-starred on TV shows including Tales From The Crypt, George Lopez and Less Than Perfect.
She is also known for her roles in made-for-TV movies, including Safe House, The Christmas Shoes, and Lucky 7.
In 2003, Williams married country music singer Brad Paisley.
Wellsford

Wellsford (Maori: Whakapirau) is a town on the Northland Peninsula in northern New Zealand. It is a major town located 77 kilometers north of Auckland and situated on State Highway 1 and State Highway 16. It has six primary schools and one high school situated within the area. Its private school closed at the end of 2018 due to falling numbers.
Nino Cerruti

Nino Cerruti (25 September 1930 - 15 January 2022) was an Italian fashion designer. He also started the brand Cerruti. Soon after his father's death he ran a textile mill. He showed his first fashion collection in 1957. He was born in Biella, Italy.
Cerruti died from problems caused by hip surgery on 15 January 2022 in Vercelli, Italy at the age of 91.
James Gaskell

James Gaskell (born 20 May 1990) is a rugby union player for Sale Sharks in the Guinness Premiership. He was born in Crewe, Cheshire. He plays as a lock.
Let's Go Crazy

"Let's Go Crazy" is a 1984 song by Prince and was taken from his 1984 album Purple Rain. It went to number 1 in the United States, number 2 in Canada, number 7 in the United Kingdom, number 10 in Australia, number 11 in Belgium and the Netherlands, number 13 in New Zealand and number 50 in France.
Track listing
7" Warner Bros. / 7-29216 (US)
"Let's Go Crazy" (edit) - 3:46
"Erotic City" (edit) - 3:53
7" Warner Bros. / W2000 (UK)
"Let's Go Crazy" (edit) - 3:46
"Take Me with U" - 3:51
12" Warner Bros. / 0-20246 (US)
"Let's Go Crazy" (Special Dance Mix) - 7:35
"Erotic City ("make love not war Erotic City come alive")" - 7:24
12" Warner Bros. / W2000T (UK)
"Let's Go Crazy" (Special Dance Mix) - 7:35
"Take Me with U" - 3:51
"Erotic City ("make love not war Erotic City come alive")" - 7:24
The Bad Girls Club (season 5)

The Bad Girls Club (season 5) (or Bad Girls Club:Miami) was the fifth season of The Bad Girls Club. It aired on Oxygen on August 3, 2010.
About this season
Season five's debut episode had beat the previous season. It was watched by 1.34 million people. It became the #1 program for women 18-34. The season also outperformed CBS and ABC. It was declared as the "most watched" in Oxygen history. Filming was done in Maimi, Florida and South Beach, Florida. Season five also had a high number of replacement "bad girls". After the show, Lea starred in Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too (season 2).
Ohio's 2nd congressional district

Ohio's 2nd congressional district is a district in southwest Ohio. It is currently represented by Republican Brad Wenstrup in the House of Representatives. Former representatives include Rutherford B. Hayes, who was President of the United States from 1877-1881.
Salford

Salford is a city in England. It was made a free borough by Ranulf, Earl of Chester in about 1230. and was granted city status in 1926. Salford is unusual because it borders the city of Manchester at its center, rather than its outskirts. The two cities are divided by the River Irwell.
Salford shares the industrial history of its neighbour Manchester. It hosts several museums and art centres, chiefly: The Lowry and the Imperial War Museum, both on Salford Quays. There was a major cotton and silk spinning and weaving factory district in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was an inland port on the Manchester Ship Canal from 1894. Broadcasters moved to the Salford Quays development called MediaCityUK.
Auw, Aargau

Auw is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Elizabeth Peer

Elizabeth Clow Peer (February 3, 1936 - May 26, 1984) was an American journalist. She worked for Newsweek from 1958 to 1984. She was a copy girl at a time when opportunities for women were limited.
In 1962, Peer was promoted to writer. In 1964, she was sent to Paris as Newsweek'''s first female correspondent. While in Paris, Peer wanted to report on the Vietnam War. But she was rejected because she was a woman.
Peer came back to the United States in 1969 to work in Newsweek's Washington, D.C. bureau.
In the late 1970s, Peer became Newsweek's'' first female Vietnam War news reporter.
Peer was born in East Orange, New Jersey. She committed suicide in New York City at age 48. Peer had first wanted to kill herself due to a broken tailbone.
Jessica Simpson

Jessica Simpson (born July 10, 1980) is an American singer and actress. She is known for her reality television show, Nick and Jessica: Newlyweds. In the late 2000s, she was married to Nick Lachey. In 2008, she filed for divorce and she married Eric Johnson. She is the daughter of Tina and Joe Simpson and older sister of singer and actress Ashlee Simpson.
She has starred in the movies The Dukes of Hazzard (2005) and Employee of the Month (2006)
Early life
Jessica Simpson was born in Abilene, Texas. She is the daughter of Tina Ann and Joseph Truett. She has a sister whose name is Ashlee Simpson who is also a singer.
At first, Simpson sang at a local church. At age twelve, she auditioned for The Mickey Mouse Club, but was not selected.
Personal life
Simpson was married to musician Nick Lachey from 2002 until they divorced in 2006.
Simpson began dating NFL tight end Eric Johnson in 2010. The couple has 2 children together--daughter Maxwell Drew Johnson (born May 1, 2012) and son Ace Simpson Johnson (born February 22, 2013).
Maurice Hayes

Maurice Hayes (8 July 1927 - 23 December 2017) was an Irish politician. He was an independent member of the 21st and 22nd Seanads, nominated as a senator by the Taoiseach.
Hayes was born in County Down in Northern Ireland. He died at a hospital in Belfast on 23 December 2017 from frontotemporal dementia at the age of 90.
Barrow Wake

Barrow Wake is a scenic view in Gloucestershire, near Birdlip, England.
It is a beautiful area. It has been, however, subject to reports of particular anti-social use.
Barrow Wake was as the location for the music video "Wytches" by Pagan Rock Band Inkubus Sukkubus in December 1993.
Inkubus Sukkubus also released an album titled "Barrow Wake - Tales of Witchcraft & Wonder Volume 1", The Album features the title track "Barrow Wake", which is written about Barrow Wake.
Gaude Mater Polonia

Gaude Mater Polonia is a polish medieval hymn and one of the oldest polish-latin lyric composed on gregorian chant "Oh salutaris Hostia", on the occasion of pre-canonization of Stanislaus of Szczepanow. The hymn was written by Wincenty of Kielcza. In the times of the last crowned kings from the Piast dynasty, it served as the royal anthem. The song was first published on 8 may 1254, the oldest record comes from Kielce Antiphonary from 1372. During middle ages the hymn was chanted by polish knights after battle. Later the hymn was used on the national events.