Academy Award

The Academy Awards, commonly known as the Oscars, are the best-known movie awards in the United States. The awards have been given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences since 1929. The awards ceremony takes place each year in late February or early March in Los Angeles, California.
History
At the end of the 1920s, the American film industry was in a crisis. When the radio was invented, people didn't go to the cinema as often as they used to. The owners of the studios had problems. They had to pay the workers a good salary, but that was impossible at that time. Many people fought for a good salary and a good working time.
The director of the successful Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer-Studios, Louis B. Mayer met two good friends because he wanted to speak about the problem.
Oscar statue
Naming
In the first years of the award, the trophy was called the Academy Award of Merit. The godfather of the name Oscar is not clear. It is certain, that the name was used in 1931. There may be four people, who could be the godparents. The former board secretary of the academy Margaret Herrick said: "He looks like my uncle Oscar!". Bette Davis said that he looks like my first husband Harmon "Oscar" Nelson. The film columnist Sidney Skolsky said, that he is the name-giver, and the fourth person was Walt Disney.
It is said that Oscar is not the official name of the statue. But the nickname is trademark-protected.
Trophy
The statue is around 13 inches tall and weighs about 8 pounds.
Categories
Current Awards
Best Picture - since 1928
Best Actor - since 1928
Best Actress -since 1928
Best Supporting Actor - since 1936
Best Supporting Actress - since 1936
Best Animated Feature - since 2001
Best Art Direction - since 1928(also called Interior or Set Decoration)
Best Cinematography - since 1928
Costume Design - since 1948
Directing since 1928
Documentary Feature since 1943
Documentary Short Subject since 1941
Film Editing - since 1935
Best Foreign Language Film - since 1947
Makeup - since 1981
Original Music Score- since 1934
Best Song- since 1934
Animated Short Film - since 1931
Live Action Short Film since 1931
Academy Award for Sound Mixing since 1930
Best Sound Effects Editing - since 1963
Best Visual Effects - since 1939
Best Adapted Screenplay - since 1928
Best Original Screenplay - since 1940
Academy Award, Scientific or Technical - since 1931, presented at three levels
Retired Awards
Best Assistant Director - 1933 to 1937
Best Dance Direction - 1935 to 1937
Comedy Direction - 1928 only
Engineering Effects - 1928 only
Academy Award for Best Original Music or Comedy Score - 1995-1999
Academy Award for Best Original Story - 1928 to 1956
Academy Award for Best Score- Adaptation or Treatment - 1962 to 1962 and 1973
Best Short Film - Color - 1936 and 1937
Best Short Film - Live Action - 2 Reels - 1936 to 1956
Short Film - Novelty - 1932 to 1935
Best Title Writing - 1928 only
Unique and Artistic Production - 1928 only
Records
The most successful films
Gone with the Wind from 1939 was the most successful film for a long time with ten Oscars. Then, in 1960, Ben-Hur won eleven Oscars. In 1998 Titanic also won eleven Oscars, so they were in a tie. Six years later, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King won eleven Oscars.
The five categories 'Best Picture', 'Best Director', 'Best Actor', 'Best Actress' and 'Best Original Screenplay' are the most important categories and they are called the 'Big Five'. There are only three films that won all these categories: It Happened One Night, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and The Silence of the Lambs.
All About Eve, Titanic and La La Land had 14 nominations. This is the nomination record.
The most successful filmworkers
Katharine Hepburn (1907-2003) has the most awards as a performer with 4 Oscars in the category of 'Best Actress'. Meryl Streep has the most nominations as performers with 21 Oscar nominations. Jack Nicholson, Daniel Day-Lewis, and Walter Brennan (1894-1974) have three Academy Awards each, the most for men. Nicholson also has the nomination record for men with 12 nominations. The person who has the most Academy Awards is Walt Disney (1901-1966) with 26, including 4 Honorary Oscars and he has 37 nominations. Moreover, he won 4 awards in 1954, so he got the most awards in one year. The woman, who has the most Oscars is the costume designer Edith Head (1897-1981). She has 8 Oscars and 27 nominations. The living people with the most Oscars are the composer Alan Menken (8 Oscars) and special effects artist Dennis Muren (8 Oscars for best visual effects, plus one for technical achievement and 15 nominations). The cartoon characters Tom and Jerry are the cartoon movie stars with have the most awards with 7.