kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Maria Cristina National High School

Maria Cristina National High School is a public high school in the Philippines. It opened in 1972.
Mission
The school's mission statement describes its main goals. These are:
To provide a good education to its students
To teach students to be responsible people who contribute to their communities
To teach students patriotism and nationalism
To help students develop good morals and discipline
To promote progress in technology
To teach students how to work efficiently
History
When it first opened, Maria Cristina National High School was called Maria Cristina Barangay High School. It was also called a Barrio High School. A law called Republic Act 6050 (RA 6050) created the school. People living in Barangay Maria Cristina signed a petition asking the government to create a high school there.
After the government agreed, Maria Cristina Barangay High School opened in June of 1972. It had 183 students and 5 teachers. There were two sections of first-year students and one section of second-year students. At first, the new high school did not have its own building. Most classes were held at the barangay hall. Two classes were also held at the local elementary school.
As more students came to Maria Cristina Barangay High School, a temporary classroom made of bricks was built. The school also hired more teachers. The national government paid for most of the school's costs. The local school board also paid for some costs.
As the school continued to grow, it needed its own building. A new school was built on a 3-hectare lot owned by the National Power Corporation. The National Power Corporation was not using a part of this lot. The National Transmission Corporation (TRANSCO) and the Local School Board of Iligan City Division agreed to allow Maria Cristina National High School to use that part of the lot to build a new school. The goal of this new building was to make it possible for Maria Cristina National High School to keep growing.
At first, in 2004, the new school had only two buildings with six classrooms, so only fourth-year students were able to use it. Now, the new building is big enough for all of the school's students. The school now has 17 sections of students, 26 teachers, and 40 sets of computers.
Pope Celestine III

Pope Celestine III (; 1106 - 8 January 1198), born Giacinto Bobone, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 176th Pope from 1191 until his death in 1198.
Early life
He was born into the noble Orsini family in Rome.
Cardinal
In 1145, he is raised to the rank of cardinal.
Pope
Cardinal Bobone was elected pope on March 30, 1191; and he chose to be called Celestine III.
Pope Celestine was involved in Italian and European political disputes. He crowned the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI. He excommunicated Duke Leopold of Austria and King Alonso IX of Leon.
After becoming pope, he was ordained a priest on April 13, 1191.
De Panne

De Panne is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 10153 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 05 North, 02deg 35 East.
Division of Northern Melbourne

The Division of Northern Melbourne was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It was one of the first 75 divisions set up for the first Federal election in 1901. It was located in the inner northern suburbs of Melbourne, including the suburbs of Carlton, North Melbourne and Fitzroy. It was abolished in 1906 when the boundaries were redrawn and mostly replaced by the Division of Batman.
Members
The division was held by one member, H. B. Higgins. Higgins was Attorney General from 1904 to 1905. He was appointed a Justice of the High Court of Australia in 1906. Isaac Selby, who was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1901 election, became famous in 1905 when he tried to shoot a judge during a court case in San Francisco.
Evelyn Sharp (aviator)

Evelyn Genevieve "Sharpie" Sharp (October 1, 1919 - April 3, 1944) was an American airplane flier.
Early life
She was born Lois Genevieve Crouse on October 1, 1919 in Melstone, Montana. She was adopted by John and Mary Sharp two months later, on December 22, 1919 and her name was changed to Evelyn Genevieve Sharp.
The Sharps moved to Ord, Nebraska in 1924. They opened a grocery store.
Introduction to flying
In 1935, Jack Jefford opened a flying school in Ord and rented a room from the Sharps. At one stage, he could not pay his rent. He taught Evelyn how to fly.
Sharp received her commercial pilot's license when she was eighteen years old. She started teaching other people to fly when she was 20 years old. She helped over 350 men learn to fly.
She was one of the first American women to fly airmail. She delivered letters and other mail by flying it from place to place. The first American female airmail pilot was Katherine Stinson.
Death
Sharp died on April 3, 1944 in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Her plane lost an engine on takeoff and crashed. She was 24 years old.
She is buried in Ord, Nebraska, where a public airfield, the Evelyn Sharp Field Airport, has been named for her. Every June, Ord celebrates Evelyn Sharp Days in her honor.
In 1992, Sharp was inducted into the Nebraska Aviation Hall of Fame.
Jacky Jakoba

Sedney "Jacky" Jakoba (25 September 1961 - 17 December 2022) was a Curacao-Dutch baseball player.
Biography
Club career
Jakoba played with Quick in Amersfoort from 1982-1983. In 1983, he hit 13 homeruns for this club in one season, improving the Dutch record, held by Hudson John, with 12. From 1984 to 1987, he played with Neptunus in Rotterdam. In the 1984 season, he hit 24 homeruns, which is as of 2022 still Dutch national record. In 1988, he played with Almere Giants and in 1989 he signed a contract with Haarlem Nicols, but didn't play during the season. He played in Belgium with Antwerp Eagles. In 1990 he returned to the Netherlands and played with Sparta-Feyenoord in Rotterdam that season. In 1991 he played with SV ADO and in 1992 with with Quick in Amersfoort.
National team
Between 1984 and 1991 he was a member of the Netherlands national baseball team and played 84 matches. He made his debut at the 1984 Haarlem Baseball Week. He played with the national team three European Championships, four World Championships and played at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He further played three editions of the Haarlem Baseball Week and three World Port Tournaments. He became European champion in 1985 and 1987.
Personal life
Jakoba died in December 2022, at the age of 61.
Robert Frederick Froehlke

Robert Frederick Froehlke (October 15, 1922 - February 12, 2016) was an American businessman, lawyer, and politician. He served as Secretary of the Army from July 1971 until May 1973.
Conceptual metaphor

A conceptual metaphor or cognitive metaphor is a metaphor which refers to one domain (group of ideas) in terms of another. For example, treating quantity in terms of direction:
Prices are rising.
I attacked every weak point in his argument. (Argument as war rather than enquiry or search for truth).
Life is a journey.
Love talked about as if it were war or competition.
Time talked about as if it were a path through space, or a quantity that can be saved or spent or wasted.
The idea of a conceptual metaphor came from a book by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in 1980: Metaphors we live by.
"The most recent linguistic approach to literature is that of cognitive metaphor, which claims that metaphor is not a mode of language, but a mode of thought". Donald Freeman.
A convention is to write conceptual metaphors in small capital letters, e.g. , with the target domain (idea being referred to) first, here "money," and the source domain (terms used to refer to it) second.
Political metaphors
eminence grise: literally, "grey man," from French. Colloquially, the power-behind-the-throne. An official close to the president or monarch who has so much power behind the scenes that he or she may double or serve as the monarch.
figurehead: a leader whose powers are entirely symbolic, such as a constitutional monarch.
puppet government: a government that is manipulated by a foreign power for its own interests.
star chamber: a secretive council or other group within a government that possesses the actual power, regardless of the government's overt form.
character assassination: spreading (usually) manufactured stories about a candidate with the intent to destroy his or her reputation in the eyes of the public.
landslide victory: a huge victory for one side.
riding coattails: victories by local or state politicians because of the popularity of more powerful politicians.
grassroots: a political movement driven by the constituents of a community.
astroturfing: public relations campaigns in politics and advertising that try to create the impression of being spontaneous, grassroots behavior.
straw man: the practice of refuting an argument that is weaker than one's opponent actually offers, or which he simply has not put forth at all. A type of logical fallacy.
spin (public relations): a heavily biased portrayal of an event or situation.
witch-hunt: the hysterical pursuit of political enemies
bread and circuses: satisfaction of shallow or immediate desires of the populace at the expense of good policy; also, the erosion of civic duty and the public life in a populace.
There are many more, enough to prove the importance of the metaphor in our lives.
Spirochaetaceae

Spirochaetaceae is a family of bacteria. It includes Treponema padillum, the cause of syphilis.
Hugh Cochrane (footballer)

Hugh Cochrane (9 February 1943 - 17 August 2020) was a Scottish professional footballer. He was born in Glasgow. His career lasted between 1961 to 1966.
He played as an inside forward. He played junior football for Dennistoun Waverley before signing for Dundee United in 1961.
He signed for Barnsley in August 1963, making five Football League appearances. After leaving Barnsley, Cochrane played non-League football for Wimbledon, Ashford Town (Kent) and Margate.
Cochrane died on 17 August 2020 in Yorkshire, aged 77.
Joan Sutherland

Dame Joan Alston Sutherland OM AC DBE (7 November 1926 - 10 October 2010) was an Australian operatic soprano, particularly associated with bel canto repertory and French operas. She possessed a voice of great beauty and considerable power combined with extraordinary agility and a brilliant upper register. She was called La Stupenda by the Italian press, which means The Stupendous One.
Life and career
Born in Sydney, Australia, she studied first with her mother and later with John and Aida Dickens. After a few public appearances, notably in Henry Purcell's Dido and Aenas and Eugene Goossens' Judith, she left for London, England in 1951 to continue her vocal studies with Clive Carey.
She was hired by the Royal Opera House as a utility soprano, making her debut in 1952, as the First Lady in Mozart's The Magic Flute. She went on singing a wide variety of roles such as Amelia (Un ballo in maschera), Aida (Aida), Agathe (Der Freischutz) and Eva (Die Meistersinger von Nurnberg), and also created the role of Jennifer in Michael Tippett's The Midsummer Marriage in 1955.
She met and married fellow countryman and accompanist Richard Bonynge in 1954, who recognized her potential for the bel canto repertoire and guided her in that direction. This led to her appearance in Donizetti's Emilia di Liverpool and Handel's Alcina in 1957, and eventually the title role in Lucia di Lammermoor at the Royal Opera House in 1959, which proved a sensational success and launched her international career.
She was rapidly invited to appear at most of the great opera houses of the world (Milan, Paris, New York, etc.) to great acclaim. Some of her most famous roles include; Rossini's Semiramide, Bellini's La sonnambula, Norma, Beatrice di Tenda, I puritani, Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia, Maria Stuarda, Verdi's La traviata, amongst many others. She also resurrected some long neglected works like Massenet's Le Roi de Lahore and Esclarmonde.
Sutherland retired from the stage in 1990. She was made a Dame of the British Empire (DBE) in 1978. She died of cardiopulmonary failure at her home near Montreux, Switzerland, at the age of 83.
Corydoras panda

Corydoras panda is a species of catfish. It is in the genus Corydoras, which is in the family Callichthyidae. Corydoras panda lives in rivers in Peru and Ecuador. The species was first collected by Randolph H. Richards in 1968. It was named Corydoras panda by Nijssen and Isbrucker in 1971. It is called Corydoras panda because the black stripes around its eyes look similar to the eyes of the giant panda. The common names for this fish are panda corydoras and panda catfish. Corydoras panda is a popular species to keep in aquariums.
Piano blues

Piano blues is a type of Blues music where the piano is the main musical instrument used. Boogie woogie is the best known kind of piano blues, though barrelhouse, swing, R&B, rock and roll and jazz are also important.
Sumo

is a Japanese full-contact sport.
In sumo, a wrestler (rikishi) attempts to force another wrestler out of a circular ring (the dohyo) 4.55 metres in diameter. Also, the rikishi try to use their skill to force an opponent to touch the ground with anything other than the soles of his feet.
Sumo tournaments (basho) take place in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Fukuoka. There are a total of 6 major professional tournaments (known as honbasho) per year, in January, March, May, July, September and November.
A tournament normally lasts for 15 days and features matches from different divisions. The top 5 ranks are known as the "Top division", also called the Makuuchi (Mu Nei ) or Makunouchi (Mu noNei ). It is fixed in size and always contains 42 rikishi.
The ranks included in the top division are yokozuna, ozeki, sekiwake, komusubi and maegashira.
Rikishi
Sumo wrestlers (rikishi) are ranked into a hierarchy based on win-loss statistics in competitive tournaments.
Grand champions
Those who have earned the highest rank are grand champions (yokuzuna).
Akashi, 16th century
Maruyama, (1712-1749)
Tanikaze (Kajinosuke, 1750-1795)
Onagawa (1758-1805)
Ao no Matsu (1791-1851)
...
Chiyonofuji Mitsugu (b. 1955)
Takanosato (b. 1952)
Futahaguro Koji (b. 1963)
Hokuto-umi, (b. 1963)
Onokuni (b. 1962)
Asahifuji (b. 1960)
Akebono (b. 1970)
For a full list of those rikishi who have held the title of Yokozuna, see List of yokozuna.
Foreign-born competitors
Sumo has changed in modern times. Foreign-born wrestlers are part of the sport. For example, Konishiki and Akebono are Hawaiian-born athletes who earned places for themselves.
In 2008, Kotooshu from Bulgaria won a championship. In that same year, two top wrestlers, Asashoryu and Hakuho, were Mongolian. Hakuho won the Nagoya tournament with no losses, 15-0.
32

32 is a year in the 1st century. It was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ahenobarbus and Camillus.
Events
Saint Peter traditionally becomes first pope
Symbolic interpretation of the Old Testament by Philo
Births
Ban Chao, Chinese general and cavalry commander (d. 102)
Otho, Roman emperor (d. 69)
Deaths
Lucius Calpurnius Piso, consul under Caesar Augustus
32
Karin Dor

Karin Dor (Katherose Derr; 22 February 1938 - 6 November 2017) was a German actress. She was born in Wiesbaden, Germany. She starred in the James Bond movie You Only Live Twice and the Alfred Hitchcock movie Topaz.
Dor died at a nursing home in Munich, Germany on 6 November 2017 at the age of 79.
Flag of Portland, Oregon

The city flag of Portland, Oregon, consists of a green field on which is placed a white four-pointed star from which radiate blue stripes, each bordered by L-shaped yellow lines. Narrow white lines separate the blue and yellow elements from each other and from the green background. Officially the flag has a height of 3 feet and a length of 5 feet.
City ordinance 176874, adopted September 4, 2002, designates the design and what it means. Green stands for "the forests and our green City"; yellow for "agriculture and commerce"; blue for "our rivers". Portland straddles the Willamette River near its joining with the Columbia River. City Ordinance 186794, adopted September 3, 2014, updated the proportions and the Pantone color specifications: White, PMS 279 (Blue); PMS 349 (Green); and PMS 1235 (Yellow).
The flag was designed in 1969 by a longtime Portland resident, noted graphic designer R. Douglas Lynch (1913-2009). The version of the flag adopted at that time included, over Lynch's objections, a dark blue canton containing the city seal in yellow and white; in 2002 Lynch and fellow members of the Portland Flag Association persuaded the city council to simplify the design to better reflect his original intent.
Eileen Essell

Eileen Essell (8 October 1922 - 15 February 2015) was an English actress. She was known for her roles in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and in Duplex.
She also starred in The Bill, Doc Martin, Holby City, Hustle, Casualty, Ideal and Sensitive Skin.
She guest starred as Christine in the episode "Out of the Rain" in season 2 of the BBC spin-off show Torchwood.
Essell was born on 8 October 1922 in London, England and died on 15 February 2015 in London, England.
Fat acceptance movement

The term fat acceptance movement refers to social movements seeking to change social attitudes regarding being overweight. The movement has a political and culture related background, and its activities include although are not limited to sports, shopping and fashion matters.
This movement argues that those who are overweight are targets of being discriminated against, threatened by hatred and subjected to major prejudice. There have been many debates within this movement.
Austrian Regionalliga West

The Regionalliga West is one of three 3rd level football leagues in Austria. The Regionalliga West is formed by teams from the federal states Vorarlberg, Tyrol (only North Tyrol) and Salzburg. The league was formed in the 1980/81 season.
The champions of the three leagues have to play relegation matches against the 9th from the first league. Amateur teams of professional clubs are not allowed to promote, so Red Bull Juniors, last seasons champion, is still playing in this league.
Alek Wek

Alek Wek (born 16 April 1977) is a South Sudanese-British model and designer. She began her fashion career at the age of 18 in 1995. She has been praised for her influence on the perception of beauty in the fashion industry.
Wek was born in Wau, Sudan (now South Sudan). She is from the Dinka ethnic group. She fled to Britain in 1991 to escape the civil war in Sudan. As of 2009, she lives in Brooklyn, New York, United States. In 2015, she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women.
Evangelos Marinakis

Evangelos Marinakis (; born 30 July 1967) is a Greek businessman. He is the owner of Greek football club Olympiacos and English football club Nottingham Forest. He is the founder and chairman of Capital Maritime & Trading Corp. He was born in Piraeus and served as a member of the city council.
In March 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Marinakis tested positive to COVID-19.
Thousand Palms, California

Thousand Palms is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Coachella Valley of Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 7,967 at the 2020 census. Thousand Palms is located at .
Omega

Omega (uppercase/lowercase O o) is the 24th and the last letter of the Greek alphabet. It stood for a long "o" sound in Ancient Greek. It still stands for "o" in Modern Greek, but there is no longer a difference between long and short vowels, so it sounds the same as Omicron. In the system of Greek numerals, it stands for the number 800.
There was also once a letter "Omega" O in the Cyrillic alphabet. It was there so people could spell Greek names both in Cyrillic and in Greek in the same way. However, this letter is no longer used today.
In mathematics, the uppercase omega O is used in big-Omega notation (a variant of big-O notation). It is also used to represent the Omega constant. In electromagnetism and engineering, the uppercase O is used as the symbol for ohms, which are the units of electrical resistance. In physics and other sciences, the lowercase o is often used to represent angular frequency.
In modern English, the phrase "From alpha to omega" expresses the idea of "everything".
Labrihe

Labrihe is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Ansar Iqbal

Ansar Iqbal is a Norwegian cricketer from Pakistan. Ansar plays for the Norway national cricket team. He was born on July 28, 1981.
Naval mine

A naval mine is a bomb placed in water to destroy ships or submarines. Unlike depth charges, mines are put in the water and left to wait until they make contact with a ship. Naval mines can be used offensively, to make it harder for enemy ships to sail easily, or trap them into a harbour. They can also be used defensively, to protect friendly ships and create "safe" zones.
Mines can be laid in many ways: by specially built minelayers, refitted ships, submarines, aircraft, or even by dropping them into a harbour by hand. They are a cheap weapon with a basic mine costing as little as US$1000. There are very advanced mines which can cost millions and have several kinds of sensors, and deliver a warhead by rocket or torpedo.
International law says that nations have to say when they put mines in an area. This is to make it easier for civil shipping to avoid the mines. The warnings do not have to be specific; during World War II, Britain said simply that it had mined the English Channel, North Sea, and French coast.
Stryper

Stryper is a Christian glam metal band from Orange County, California. The group's lineup consists of Michael Sweet (lead vocals, guitar), Oz Fox (guitar), Tim Gaines (bass guitar), and Robert Sweet (drums). In 2004 Gaines left the band and was replaced by Tracy Ferrie (bass guitar) but rejoined in 2009.
Formed in 1983 as Roxx Regime, they would change their message and name to Stryper to go on to be the first Christian rock band to be recognized by the mainstream. In 1983 they were signed by Enigma Records and released their first album The Yellow and Black Attack. By the mid-1980s, Stryper saw their most successful period starting with the release of To Hell with the Devil which achieved Platinum sales status. Stryper would go on to release two more Gold albums before breaking up in 1992. In 2003 Stryper came out of retirement for a reunion tour and subsequently signed a multi-album contract with Big3 Records in 2005.
Minnie Pearl

Sarah Ophelia Colley Cannon (October 25, 1912 - March 4, 1996), known professionally as her stage character Minnie Pearl, was an American comedian who appeared at the Grand Ole Opry for more than 50 years (1940-1991) and on the television show Hee Haw from 1969 to 1991.
Mujhse Dosti Karoge

Mujhse Dosti Karoge! () is a 2002 Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age romance movie directed by Kunal Kohli and produced by Yash Chopra for his banner, Yash Raj Films. It stars Hrithik Roshan, Rani Mukerji and Kareena Kapoor. This movie is a remake of the 1996 American comedy The Truth About Cats & Dogs.
Mujhse Dosti Karoge! marked the directorial debut of Kohli, who also co-wrote the screenplay and story with Aditya Chopra. The film's cinematography was jointly handled by Ravi K. Chandran and Gopal Shah, while Rahul Sharma served as the composer. Mujhse Dosti Karoge! was released on 9 August 2002. The movie received mixed reviews from critics and was successful at the box office. For her portrayal, Kareena Kapoor was nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 4th IIFA Awards, but she was the only one to win any awards for the film.
Ruth Roberta de Souza

Ruth Roberta de Souza was a basketball player from Brazil. Ruth competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. She was born on 3 October 1968 and died on 13 April 2021.
Sauerkraut

Sauerkraut ("sour herb") directly translated from German or "sour cabbage", is finely shredded cabbage that has been fermented by various lactic acid bacteria, including Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus. It has a long shelf-life and a distinctive sour flavor, both of which result from the lactic acid that forms when the bacteria ferment the sugars in the cabbage. It is therefore not to be confused with coleslaw, which receives its acidic taste from vinegar. It has its roots in cole flower marinated in honey and fluid from your belly.
History
Conservation of legumes with lactic acid has a long history. It was known and used both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It was common to eat conserved cabbage during the winter months.
Bibern, Solothurn

Bibern was a municipality in the district of Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Aetigkofen, Aetingen, Bibern, Brugglen, Gossliwil, Hessigkofen, Kuttigkofen, Kyburg-Buchegg, Muhledorf and Tscheppach merged to form the new municipality of Buchegg.
Internet Marketing Conference

The Internet Marketing Conference, often named (IMC), is an international conference about some aspects of e-business. It was first hosted in Copenhagen in 2000. It has since then been hosted in Edinburgh, Stockholm, Las Vegas, Berlin, Vancouver, Montreal, Gothenburg and New York. The conference was started by Lennart Svanberg.
Many guests have been helping with hosting this event, including Danny Sullivan (Search Engine Watch), Jeffrey Eisenberg (Future Now, Inc.), Jim Wilson (Jim World), Lucas Morea (LatinEdge), Mitch Joel (Twist Image), Scott Ferber (Advertising.com), Stephen Turner (ClickTracks), Matthew Colebourne (coComment), Brian Clifton (Google).
Eduard Punset

Eduard Punset i Casals (9 November 1936 - 22 May 2019) was a Spanish politician, lawyer, economist and science popularise. He was a member of Adolfo Suarez's Union of the Democratic Centre. He served as a member of the Congress of Deputies from 1982 to 1983. He was later a member of the European Parliament between 1987 and 1994. He also wrote for the BBC and The Economist. He was born in Barcelona, Catalonia.
Punset was diagnosed with lung cancer in November 2007 but recovered. He died on 22 May 2019 of lung cancer in Barcelona. He was 82.
Dragoljub Ojdanić

Dragoljub Ojdanic (; 1 June 1941 - 6 September 2020) was a Serbian military official. He was the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Yugoslavia between 1998 to 2000 and Minister of Defence of Yugoslavia in 2000.
He was convicted of deportation and forcible transfer of Kosovo Albanians during the Kosovo War by the ICTY.
Ojdanic died on 6 September 2020 in Belgrade, aged 79.
Pope Innocent VI

Pope Innocent VI (; c. 1282 - September 12, 1362), born Etienne Aubert, was a French cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 200th Pope from December 18, 1352 until his death in 1362.
He was the fifth of the seven popes who lived in Avignon in France.
Early life
Etienne Aubert was born in the hamlet of Les Monts, which is today part of the commune of Beyssac in the Correze department of France. He was the son of Adhemar Aubert (1260-?), seigneur de Montel-De-Gelas in Limousin.
Bishop
Aubert was made the Bishop of Noyon in 1338; and he became the Bishop of Clermont in 1340.
Cardinal
In 1342, he was raised to the position of cardinal.
Pope
Cardinal Aubert was elected pope on December 18, 1352. He chose to be called Innocent VI.
Pope Innocent was involved in Italian and European political disputes.
Papal actions
1358 - Permitted Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor to be crowned in Rome.
1360 Broker in negotiation of Treaty of Bretigny between England and France.
After his death
The tomb of Innocent VI is at the Carthusian monastery of Villeneuve-les-Avignon.
Manuel Guerra (swimmer)

Manuel Guerra (18 July 1928 - 7 October 2020) was a Spanish swimmer. He competed in three events at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
Guerra died on 7 October 2020 at the age of 92.
The Promised Land (Bruce Springsteen song)

"The Promised Land" is a 1978 song by Bruce Springsteen and is taken from his fourth studio album Darkness on the Edge of Town. It did not chart when it was released as a single in 1978.
Physical cosmology

Physical cosmology is a branch of astronomy. It looks at large structures in the universe. It wants to explain how the universe came to be what it is today by using axioms of our current astronomy knowledge.
Stove

A stove is an enclosed heated space. The word is usually taken to mean an enclosed space in which fuel is burned to provide heating, either to heat the space in which the stove is found or to heat the stove itself, and anything placed on it. This article is principally concerned with enclosed stoves burning solid fuels for room heating.
Kitchen stove
A kitchen stove is a kitchen appliance designed for cooking food. Kitchen stoves rely on the application of direct heat for the cooking process and may also contain an oven underneath it which is used for baking.
1861 in architecture

The year 1861 in architecture involved some significant events.
Buildings
Arlington Street Church in Boston, Massachusetts, United States is completed.
Awards
Royal Gold Medal - J. B. Leseur.
Grand Prix de Rome, architecture: (unknown).
Colorado's 3rd congressional district

Colorado's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Colorado. Republican Lauren Bobert is the representative since elected in 2020. It contains the city of Rifle, and Steamboat Springs.
Rod

Rod may mean:
Rod (geometry), a straight and slender stick; a wand; a cylinder; hence, any slender bar
Rod cell, a cell found in the retina that is sensitive to light/dark (black/white)
Rod (unit), an Imperial unit of length, also known as the pole or perch
Rod (cryptozoology), observational artifacts produced by rapidly flying animals
Rod (god), a Slavic god
Rod (publisher), a music label from 1950s and 1960s Louisiana
Rods (Tarot Suit)
Railway Operating Division
Fishing rod
Lightning rod
Connecting rod, in an internal combustion engine
Divining rod, two rods believed by some to find water in a practice known as dowsing
Birch rod, made out of twigs from birch or other trees for corporal punishment
Switch (rod), a piece of wood as used as a staff or for corporal punishment, or a bundle of such switches
Rod may also be:
Eubacterium with the shape of a rod
Penis (slang)
Gun (slang)
People with the given name Rod
Often as an abbreviation of such names as Roderick and Rodney:
Rod Stewart, rock musician
Rod Laver (born 1938), Australian former tennis player
Rod Steiger (1925-2002), American actor
Rod Flanders, a fictional character on The Simpsons
Rod From Avenue Q, a character in the stage musical Avenue Q
Rod Whittaker, a fictional camp character from the late 80's
Rod Serling, Creator of the 1960s show The Twilight Zone
People with the surname Rod
Edouard Rod, French-Swiss novelist, 1857-1910
Johnny Rod, American bass guitar player
Yukio Goto

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Goto was born in Kobe. He played for Kwangaku Club which was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. He won 1929 and 1930 Emperor's Cup at the club.
In May 1930, when Goto was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. In 1934, he was also selected Japan for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, he played 2 games as Japan team captain. He played 4 games for Japan until 1934.
Goto died in 1976.
British Rail Class 313

Class 313 electric multiple units were built by BREL at York Works from 1976-77, these being the first second-generation EMUs to be constructed for British Rail. They were also the first dual-voltage units to be built, capable of drawing power via 25 kV AC overhead, or 750 V DC third-rail, and the first units in Britain to have fully automatic couplers which allowed both physical coupling and also the connection of control electric and air supplies to be carried out without the need to leave the cab. Their passenger seats were an improvement on former types.
JAO

Jao or JAO may refer to:
Jewish Autonomous Oblast, a federal subject of Russia
Yanyuwa language (ISO 639-3: jao), an Australian Aboriginal language
People
Jao Mapa (born 1976), Philippine actor and painter
Surname
Rao (Chinese surname), romanized as Jao in Wade-Giles
Frank Jao, Vietnamese American businessman
Radmar Agana Jao, American priest and former actor
AVN Award for Female Performer of the Year

The AVN Award for Female Performer of the Year is presented every January in Las Vegas, Nevada at the AVN Awards ceremony sponsored and presented by the American adult video industry trade magazine Adult Video News (AVN). It represents the female porn star who has had the best body of work in the previous year. It has been given annually since 1993.
Tori Black was the first two-time winner, winning back-to-back in 2010 and 2011. Angela White was the first three-time winner, winning back-to-back-to-back in 2018, 2019 and 2020. Kira Noir became the first black woman to win the award in 2023.
Alexander Rybak

Alexander Rybak (born 13 May 1986) is a Belarusian-Norwegian singer, composer and violinist. He was born in Minsk, Belarusian SSR. He moved to Norway when he was four. He is best known for winning the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song "Fairytale" for Norway. Rybak went to the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo to perform his winning entry from the previous year. He won the Melodi Grand Prix 2018 with the song "That's how you write a song".
Voiceless bidental fricative

The voiceless bidental fricative is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is very rare and only exists in the Shapsug dialect of Adyghe.
Araneomorphae

The Araneomorphae are the kinds of spiders that humans most often see around their homes and gardens. They are different from the Mygalomorphae, the group of spiders that includes the tarantulas (also called "bird-eating spider"). There is a third group of spiders that is extremely ancient and now has few species remaining. It is called the Mesothelae.
The Addams Family (musical)

The Addams Family is a musical. The book was written by Marshall Brickman and Rick Elice. The lyrics and music were written by Andrew Lippa. The musical is based on the single panel comic strip characters and concepts created by Charles Addams for The New Yorker magazine.
The musical premiered on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on 8 April 2010. It starred Nathan Lane and Bebe Neuwirth. The production closed on 31 December 2011 after 725 performances.
Ablain-Saint-Nazaire

Ablain-Saint-Nazaire is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Lastrup

Lastrup is a municipality in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 15 km southwest of Cloppenburg.
Gruia Novac

Gruia Novac was a water polo player from Romania. Novac competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 24 January 1944 and died in 1999.
ANZAC Day

Anzac Day is a day that happens once a year in Australia and New Zealand. It is celebrated by both countries on 25th April every year. It was to commemorate (honour) the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who fought at Gallipoli in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Now though, it celebrates all "who served and died in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations" and "the contribution and suffering of all those who have served."
Anzac Day is also observed in the Cook Islands, Niue, Pitcairn, and Tonga. In the past, it was a national holiday in Papua New Guinea or Samoa.
Arsenic trioxide

Arsenic trioxide, also known as white arsenic, arsenic(III) oxide, or arsenious oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is As2O3. It has arsenic and oxide ions in it. The arsenic is in its +3 oxidation state.
Properties
Arsenic trioxide is a white solid. It dissolves in water to make an acidic solution of arsenious acid. It dissolves easily in bases to make arsenites. It reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid to make arsenic trichloride. It reacts with very strong oxidizing agents to make arsenic pentoxide. It reacts with reducing agents to make arsenic or arsine. It sublimes much easier than metal oxides, making it easy to separate by heating the mixture.
Occurrence and preparation
Arsenic trioxide is rarely found as a mineral. It is normally made from orpiment or realgar, arsenic sulfide minerals. About 50,000 tons of arsenic trioxide are made each year. Arsenic trioxide is made by burning arsenic in air, reacting arsenic with concentrated sulfuric acid, or the roasting of arsenic sulfide ores.
Uses
It is used to make elemental arsenic. It was used as a pigment (in Paris green) and as a wood preservative but was banned in many countries because it is so toxic. Arsenic trioxide is used to fight cancer.
Safety
Arsenic trioxide is highly toxic when eaten. It also can be toxic if on the skin for long amounts of time. It affects the digestive system when eaten. Workers exposed to arsenic trioxide fumes in their job can be poisoned as well.
TalkTV (British TV channel)

TalkTV is a British television channel owned and operated by News UK. It was released on April 25, 2022.
The channel features video simulcasts of TalkRadio programming during off-peak hours, but launched with four original programmes, Sky News Australia, The News Desk, Piers Morgan Uncensored, and The Talk.
World history

World history may mean:
Human history
History of the Earth
Universal history
Réunion national football team

Reunion national football team is the national football team of Reunion.
Wormeldange

Wormeldange (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Grevenmacher.
As of 2019, 2,921 people live here.
White-crested cockatoo

The white-crested cockatoo (binomial name Cacatua alba), is a bird. It is also called the white cockatoo and the umbrella cockatoo. It is one of a larger group of birds in the family Cacatuidae. Cockatoos are a kind of parrot.
The birds in this genus are outdoor birds in Australia and the islands north of Australia and including the Philippines.
Appearance
Cockatoos have black bills made of keratin. They have black feet. The white-crested cockatoo is about 17.5 inches long.
Conservation status
The White Cockatoo is considered vulnerable by the IUCN. Its numbers in the wild have declined owing to capture for the cage bird trade and habitat loss.\ It is listed in appendix II of the CITES list which gives it protection by restricting export and import of wild-caught birds. BirdLife International indicates that catch quotas issued by the Indonesian government were 'exceeded by up to 18 times in some localities' in 1991. RSPCA supported surveys by the Indonesian NGO ProFauna suggest that significant levels of trade in wild-caught White Cockatoos still occur, with 200+ taken from the wild in north Halmahera in 2007. Approximately 40% of the parrots (White Cockatoo, Chattering Lory, Violet-necked Lory and Eclectus Parrot) caught in Halmahera are smuggled to the Philippines, while approximately 60% go to the domestic Indonesian trade, especially via bird markets in Surabaya and Jakarta.
Fort Hancock, Texas

Fort Hancock is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Hudspeth County, Texas, United States. Its population was 1,750 at the 2010 census. It is known for being close to the Mexico-United States border.
Russian Wikipedia

The Russian Wikipedia () is the Russian-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in May 2001. It currently has about articles. It is currently the 7th largest edition.
Harrison Bergeron

"Harrison Bergeron" is a science fiction short story by Kurt Vonnegut. It was first published in 1961. The story is set in a future where the United States government thinks everyone should be equal, so the government gives people "handicaps". People who are strong must carry heavy weights, and people who are smart must wear a radio that sends out signals that distract them.
Harrison Bergeron is a boy who is very talented. He gets rid of his handicaps and dances with a ballerina on national television. The government kills him for doing this. His parents are watching, but are too distracted by their handicaps to understand what is going on.
Some conservatives have thought the story has a conservative point of view, although Vonnegut was not a conservative.
Imre Pozsgay

Imre Andras Pozsgay (26 November 1933 - 25 March 2016) was a Hungarian Communist politician.
He played a key role in Hungary's fight for democracy after 1988. He served as Minister of Culture (1976-1980), Minister of Education (1980-1982) and Minister of State (1988-1990). He was also a Member of Parliament from 1983 to 1994.
Isérables

Iserables is a municipality of the district of Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
241

Year 241 (CCXLI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Roman Empire
Winter - Emperor Gordian III reaches Antioch. He gets his army ready to fight against the Persians.
Timesitheus becomes Praetorian Prefect
Persia
Shapur I succeeds his father Ardashir I as king of Persia.
The ancient city of Bagram (Afghanistan) is abandoned.
Shapur I adds parts of the Kushan Empire.
Europe
November 1 - The Battle of Samhain is fought in Ireland.
Tom's Diner

"Tom's Diner" is a single originally by Suzanne Vega. It was first released in the 1980s. It did not become very popular until very early 1990. It was taken off a New York City restaurant, which was later fictionalized for Seinfeld. The remix version of the song went on to become very popular.
1990 songs
Pop songs
Giorgio Moroder songs
Britney Spears songs
R.E.M. songs
Arica y Parinacota Region

The XV Arica and Parinacota Region () is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. It is the country's newest region, created under Law 20.175. It became operational on 8 October 2007.
History
Chile's former Tarapaca region was a former Peruvian province, which was occupied by Chile under the 1883 Treaty of Ancon at the close of the War of the Pacific, and then formally annexed in 1929 by the Treaty of Lima.
Geography
The Arica and Parinacota borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the east and Chile's Tarapaca region to the south.
The region is within the Norte Grande (Far North) natural region. It combines deserts, green valleys, the steep and volcanic Andes mountains, and the Altiplano (high plain) to the east. A narrow coastal strip of low-lying land no more than wide separates the Pacific's Nazca plate from the Andes. Its Parinacota volcano is the region's highest elevation at and is on the northern border with Bolivia in Lauca National Park.
The two main rivers of the region are the Lauca, which flows into the Coipasa lake in Bolivia, and the Lluta, which flows into the Pacific Ocean. Lake Chungara at above sea level ranks as one of the highest in the world
Population
As of 2015, there were (estimated) 239,126 persons living in the region, for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
The largest city in the region is Arica, with 210,936 inhabitants.
Administration
In 2007, the region was subdivided to create the Arica y Parinacota region and the present day Tarapaca Region to the south. The region is further subdivided into two provinces: Arica and Parinacota.
Monocentridae

Pinecone fishes are small and unusual fish of the family Monocentridae. The family contains just four species. They live in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. Pinecone fishes are popular in aquariums, but are expensive and a challenge for the hobbyist.
The pineapplefish, Cleidopus gloriamaris, is the largest species, reaching up to in length.
Life history
Pinecone fishes live in ledges and caves, rocky and coral reefs over a hard bottom. Pinecone fishes are nocturnal.
Species
Genus Cleidopus
Pineapplefish, Cleidopus gloriamaris De Vis, 1882.
Genus Monocentris
Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782).
Monocentris neozelanicus (Powell, 1938).
Monocentris reedi Schultz, 1956.
Sporangium

A sporangium (pl: sporangia) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be a single cell or multicellular. All plants, fungi, and many other lineages form sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce asexual spores by mitosis, but in nearly all land plants and many fungi, sporangia are the site of meiosis, and produce genetically unique haploid spores.
In flowering plants the sporangium tissue (except the epidermis) that produces the female spores is also called the nucellus.
Mastodon

Mastodons or Mastodonts are elephants of the extinct genus Mammut and the family Mammutidae. Mastodons became extinct about 11,000 years ago.
Mastodons, with mammoths, modern elephants and various older families, are members of the order Proboscidea. As adults they stood between 2.5 and 3 meters (8-10 feet) at the shoulder and weighed between 3500 and 5400 kilograms (4-6 tons).
Mastodons were browsers on leaves and branches, as shown by their molar teeth.
Two species
M. americanum was the American mastodon, and M. pacificus was the Pacific mastodon. They are the youngest and best-known species of the genus. Mastodons disappeared from North America as part of a mass extinction of most of the Pleistocene megafauna.
Recent discovery
Stone tools and bones from a butchered mastodon were found at the bottom of a river in Florida. After a four-year investigation, researchers decided that humans lived there and made a meal of a mastodon 14,550 years ago.
Electoral district of Kavel

Kavel is an electoral district of South Australia. It was created in 1970.
Imre Furmen

Imre Furmen (14 August 1933 - 5 February 2021) was a Hungarian cyclist. He competed in two events at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Budapest, Hungary.
Furmen died on 5 February 2021 in Budapest, aged 87.
Mario Doyon

Mario Doyon (born August 27, 1968 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenceman that played a total of 28 games in the NHL.
Before he played in the NHL, Doyon played 3 seasons in the QMJHL with the Drummondville Voltigeurs. He was drafted #119 overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1986 NHL Entry Draft. Doyon played 7 games with the Chicago Blackhawks and 22 games with the Quebec Nordiques. He last played for the Corpus Christi Rayz of the Central Hockey League. He has also played roller hockey with the Montreal Roadrunners of the Roller Hockey International.
He currently plays coaches the Indiana Jr Ice U-16 hockey team which his son Drew Doyon plays on.
Daphne (mythology)

Daphne (, meaning "laurel") was a dryad in Greek mythology, daughter of the river god Peneus.
According to Greek mythology, the god Apollo insulted Eros, otherwise known as Cupid, the god of love. Becoming angry, Eros shot a golden arrow at Apollo, causing him to fall in love with the nymph Daphne the virgin. Eros then shot Daphne with a leaden arrow so she could never love Apollo back. So Apollo followed her while she ran away, until she came to the river of her father, Peneus. Apollo became jealous and puts it into the girl's mind to stop to bathe in the river Ladon; there, as all strip naked, the ruse is revealed, as in the myth of Callisto. There she wanted help from her father who turned her into a laurel tree so she would be safe from Apollo. Apollo then became sad. Some versions say that when Daphne saw Apollo sad, taking pity she made him a laurel wreath (a circle made of laurel that is worn like a crown) from her leaves. Other accounts state that Apollo made the laurel himself, taking from the tree. The laurel tree became sacred of Apollo and is used by emperors within the culture. After the crown was used for all the winners at his games and great heroes in the years to come would be crowned with laurel leaves. He also vowed that she, like him, would have eternal youth where her leaves would never turn brown or fall but would always stay lush and green. Some even say that he created this laurel wreath to remind him of the prize he can never win still Apollo loved that laurel with all his heart.
See Ovid. Metamorphoses. Book I: 452-567.
María Elena Holly

Maria Elena Holly (nee Santiago; born December 20, 1932) is a Puerto Rican businesswoman. She is the widow of American rock and roll legend Buddy Holly. She owns the rights to his name, image, trademarks, and other property.
In 2010, Santiago-Holly co-founded the Buddy Holly Educational Foundation.
Alburnoides qanati

Alburnoides qanati is a type of freshwater fish that lives in Iran.