kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Uzziah

Uzziah (`uziyahv in Hebrew, meaning Yahweh is my strength; ; ), also known as Azariah (`azaryah in Hebrew; ; ), was the king of the ancient Kingdom of Judah, and one of King Amaziah's sons, whom the people chose to rule after his father (; 2 Chronicles 26:1). He was 16 years old when he became king of Judah and ruled for 52 years. He "did that which was right in the sight of the Lord" (; ). According to the Bible, at first he was a good king and had great success. His fields and vineyards grew well, he dug many wells and towers in the desert, he defeated his enemies with a strong army, and he became very powerful. A seal with Uzziah's name has been found in a cistern at Tell Beit Mirsim.
However, he grew proud, and entered the temple of the LORD to burn incense on the altar of incense (). Azariah the priest with 80 other priests came to him and said, "Leave...for you have been unfaithful...you will not be honored by the LORD God". Uzziah became angry, but while "...he was raging at the priests...leprosy broke out on his forehead", and he "...had leprosy until the day he died". Because of this, his son Jotham ruled the palace and the people of the land. He died and was buried in a field that belonged to the kings. Probably because of his leprosy, Uzziah was buried in a cemetery belonging to the kings, but not in the tombs of the kings.
Non-cooperation movement

The 'Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. It aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means or "satyagraha". Protestors would refuse to buy British goods, adopt Nihal use of local handicrafts and picket and liquor shops. The ideas of Ahimsa and nonviolence, and Gandhi's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through summer 1920. Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 4th September 1920. This movement became a breakthrough and in a way helped India achieve Independence.
It was called off in February 1922 when a group of peasants lit fire to the police station in chauri chaura located in Uttar Pradesh and ended the non-cooperation.
Ricky Talan

Rick "Ricky" Talan (3 November 1960 - 30 September 2015) was a Dutch footballer. He was striker. He played for the clubs AZ Alkmaar, Vitesse, Cercle Brugge and Haarlem between 1979 and 1988.
Talan was born in Katwijk, South Holland. His younger brother, Jeffrey Talan, was also a footballer.
Talan died from brain cancer on 30 September 2015 in Zevenaar, Gelderland. He was 54.
Kashmore

Kashmore () is a city in Kashmor District, Sindh, Pakistan.
Aspire Tower

Aspire Tower is a skyscraper in Doha, Qatar. It is 301 meters (981 feet) tall and has 50 floors. It was built in 2007 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.
Lövsta

Lovsta or Roma kyrkby is a locality in Gotland Municipality, in Gotland County in Sweden. In 2010, 261 people lived there.
Yosemite Sam

Yosemite Sam is an Academy Award-winning cartoon character who starred in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of Warner Bros.. He was created by Friz Freleng. He's small man with an reddish orange mustache. He is one of Bugs Bunny's enemies.
Elimination Chamber (2014)

Elimination Chamber (2014) (No Escape (2014) in Germany) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on February 23, 2014 at Target Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was the fifth Elimination Chamber event held by the WWE.
There were two main events. The first saw The Wyatt Family defeat The Shield and the second saw Randy Orton successfully retain his WWE World Heavyweight Championship in an Elimination Chamber match against Daniel Bryan, John Cena, Cesaro, Christian and Sheamus.
Phylicia Rashad

Phylicia Rashad ( ) (nee Ayers-Allen; born June 19, 1948) is an American actress, singer and theatre director. She is known for her role as Clair Huxtable on the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show (1984-92), which earned her Emmy Award nominations in 1985 and 1986.
In 2004, Rashad became the first black actress to win the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her role in the revival of A Raisin in the Sun.
First law of thermodynamics

The first law of thermodynamics is that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can change only from one form to another. The law forms the basis of the principle of conservation of energy. This means that anything that uses energy is changing the energy from one kind of energy to another. For example, exercising changes energy from food into kinetic (motion) energy. Another example: In the Sun (or any star), nuclear fusion changes mass into heat and light (electromagnetic radiation), which travels to Earth and is used by plants to create food (chemical energy) via photosynthesis, which can be eaten by animals allowing them to move (kinetic energy). Energy only ever changes its form; it is neither created nor destroyed. This is why perpetual motion machines do not exist and could never exist; it would break a fundamental law of physics.
People can use the changes to do work that is useful. Examples of forms of energy in classical mechanics include heat, light, kinetic (movement) or potential energy. However, in modern physics it is considered that there are only two types of energy - mass and kinetic energy, although this may not be helpful to those not familiar with more complex physics.
The law means that the total energy of the universe (or any Closed system) is a constant. However, energy can be transferred from one part of the universe to another.
The most common wording of the first law of thermodynamics used by scientists is:
History
James Prescott Joule was the first person who found out by experiments that heat and work are convertible.
The first explicit statement of the first law of thermodynamics was given by Rudolf Clausius in 1850: "There is a state function E, called 'energy', whose differential equals the work exchanged with the surroundings during an adiabatic process."
Thermodynamics and Engineering
In thermodynamics and engineering, it is natural to think of the system as a heat engine which does work on the surroundings, and to state that the total energy added by heating is equal to the sum of the increase in internal energy plus the work done by the system. Hence is the amount of energy lost by the system due to work done by the system on its surroundings. During the portion of the thermodynamic cycle where the engine is doing work, is positive, but there will always be a portion of the cycle where is negative, e.g., when the working gas is being compressed. When represents the work done by the system, the first law is written:
People disagree whether energy is a positive or a negative number. So that is the flow of heat out of the system, and is the work into the system:
Because of this ambiguity, it is very important in any discussion involving the first law to explicitly establish the sign convention in use.
Esther Bekkers-Lopes Cardozo

Esther Bekkers-Lopes Cardozo (5 December 1880 - 16 April 1943) was a Dutch fencer. She was also a pianist. She was a fencer at the salle of Giovanni Giandomenici and one of the earlyst female Dutch fencers. She was international successful. Because of being a Jew, she was deported to Sobibor extermination camp during World War II where she died.
Fencing career
Bekkers-Lopes Cardozo is claimed by Giovanni Giandomenici as being the first female Dutch fencer. Bekkers-Lopes Cardozo was trained by Giovanni Giandomenici.
In the summer of 1913 she had a good results at the 1913 International Exposition in Ghent. She finished in fifth place of the 40 competing fencers. She was eliminated by C. E. Martin Edmunds. On 29 November 1913 she competed by invitation at the 1913 Alfred Hutton Memorial Challenge Cup, an international tournament organized by the "Ladies London Fencing Club" in London. She was one of the four Dutch women. Bekkers-Lopes Cardozo was successful winning the "strangers cup" being the best foreigner.
In 1914, Bekkers-Lopes Cardozo won the second prize at the 1914 Salle Giandomenici international women's fencing competition, the first Dutch international fencing tournament in Amsterdam. Of the eight matches she only lost to the British champion C. E. Martin Edmunds who won the tournament. Later the year she won the first prize at the international 1914 "La Femme Contemporaine" women's fencing competition in Antwerp.
In 1918 she finishind first in the national women's competition in Amsterdam. She won the 1919 Netherlands women's fencing championship, the first official women's national championship. In 1920 she couldn't compete at the natioal championship because she was ill, but was a prize winner at the 1920 Salle Giandomenici international women's fencing competition behind the Danish Larsen and French champion Chevalier. In 1921 she won the third prize at the international "Grand Prix de Dames" in Oostende.
Fencing style
She fenced left-handed, which was difficult for her opponents. She fenced with quick movements. According to newspaper Het nieuws van den dag in 1914, Bekkers-Lopes Cardozo had a different technique compared with the female fencers from the school of De Vos, The Hague. Her style was described as "more lively, more fiery and less different from the men's technique".
Personal life and death
Esther Lopes Cardozo was born in Amsterdam on 5 December 1880 as the daughter of diamond worker Samuel "Abraham" Lopes Cardozo (1860-1913) and Saartje Lopes Cardozo-Polak (1861-1943). She had a sister Rosalina Hendrix-Lopes Cardozo. She would live her entire life in Amsterdam. Lopes Cardozo married to A. Bekkers. They had together a son, who was born on 21 December 1902. She also had another child.
Bekkers-Lopes Cardozo played piano with the singing society "De Stem des Volks".
Bekkers-Lopes Cardozo was a Jew. During World War II she was deported to Sobibor extermination camp in Poland where she died on 16 April 1943.
Kristen Anderson-Lopez

Kristen Anderson-Lopez (born March 21, 1972) is an American songwriter and lyricist. She is known for co-writing the songs for the 2013 animated movie Frozen with her husband Robert Lopez.
Anderson-Lopez won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Let It Go" from Frozen and "Remember Me" from Coco (2017). She also won two Grammy Awards.
Swim bladder

The swim bladder (gas bladder, air bladder) is an internal gas-filled organ. It helps many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy.
Fish with a swim bladder can stay at their current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming. The dorsal position of the swim bladder means the center of mass is below the center of volume, so it acts as a stabilizing agent. Also, the swim bladder is a resonating chamber, to produce or receive sound.
Swim bladders are evolutionarily closely related (i.e., homologous) to lungs. Traditional wisdom has it that the first lungs (simple sacs connected to the gut) allowed the fish to gulp air in oxygen-poor conditions. They evolved into the lungs of today's terrestrial vertebrates and some fish (lungfish, gar, bichir) and also into the swim bladders of the ray-finned fishes.
Liberia national football team

Liberia national football team is the national football team of Liberia.
Sandro-Luca Molnar

Sandro-Luca Molnar (born 23 August 2003) is an Austrian professional footballer. He plays as defender for 2. Liga (Austria) club Liefering.
Career
Molnar started his youth career with the Styrian clubs SV Thal, Grazer AK and SK Sturm Graz. 2018 he came to the FC Red Bull Salzburg Academy. 2021 he went on to FC Liefering in Austrias Second League.
International
Molnar played for Austrias U15 and U17 national team.
Heart and Soul (T'Pau song)

"Heart and Soul" is a 1987 debut single by British band T'Pau. It is the leading single from their debut studio album Bridge of Spies. It went to number 4 in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the United States, number 1 in Canada, number 10 in Germany, number 9 in both Switzerland and New Zealand, number 18 in both South Africa and Australia, number 20 in Sweden and number 16 in Belgium.
Maurizio Zamparini

Maurizio Zamparini (9 June 1941 - 1 February 2022) was an Italian businessman.
Zamparini was known for being the owner and director of Italian football club U.S. Citta di Palermo between 21 July 2002 until 27 February 2017 and from 4 July 2017 until 1 December 2018.
Zamparini died from problems caused by peritonitis in Cotignola, Italy on 1 February 2022, at the age of 80.
Ruble

The ruble or rouble is (or was) a currency unit of some countries in Eastern Europe. Originally, the ruble was the currency unit of Imperial Russia and then the Soviet Union (as the Soviet ruble).
It is currently the currency unit of Russia (as the Russian ruble and Byelorussia (as the Byelorussian ruble). The Russian ruble is also used in Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
In the past, several other countries influenced by Russia and the Soviet Union had currency units that were also named rubles. One ruble is divided into 100 kopeks, and 100 rubles make a palochka.
Yantai

Yantai is a city in Shandong, China. It is on the coast facing the Huang Hai. The average annual temperature is 12degC. The annual rainfall is 20 mm.
The city used to be called "Chefoo" because an island close to the city was named "Chefoo". The name of the city means "Smokey Tower" (yan - smoke, tai - tower). The city is named "Yantai" because in 1398 the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty, built watch towers nearby to tell everyone if Japanese pirates were coming.
Masashi Tashiro

Masashi Tashiro (Tian Dai masashi, born August 31, 1956 in Saga Prefecture) is a former Japanese television performer and member of Japanese musical group Rats & Star. He was brought up in Shinjuku, Tokyo. On December 21, 2001, Tashiro was the first Japanese person chosen by the American magazine Time as "Person of the Year".
Tashiro was fired from the entertainment world in 2001 because of scandals.
Cummington, Massachusetts

Cummington is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States.
Light curve

In astronomy, a light curve is a graph that shows the brightness of light from a celestial object or region, over a certain amount of time. The light is usually in a particular frequency interval or band. Light curves can be periodic, that is they repeat in a regular pattern. Examples are eclipsing binaries and cepheid variables. Light curves can also be aperiodic, that is they are irregular with no pattern. Examples include the light curve of a nova, a cataclysmic variable star, a supernova or a microlensing event. The study of the light curve, together with other observations, can give a lot of information about the physical process that produces it or constrain the physical theories about it.
Planetology
In the study of planets (planetology), a light curve can be used to work out the rotation period of a minor planet, moon, or comet nucleus. From the Earth many objects are so small that even the most powerful telescopes are unable to see objects clearly. Because of this astronomers measure the amount of light produced by the object over a period of time, its light curve. The time between the peaks on the graph gives the rotational period of the object. The difference between the maximum and minimum brightness, the amplitude of the light curve, can be caused by either the shape of the object, or bright and dark areas on the surface. For example, an odd shaped asteroid's light curve generally has more pronounced peaks, while a more spherical object's light curve will be flatter. When the light curve covers a long period of time, it is called a secular light curve.
Botany
In botany, a light curve shows the photosynthetic response of a leaf or algae to the brightness of a light. The shape of the curve shows the principle of limiting factors. In low light, the rate of photosynthesis is limited by the amount of chlorophyll and the efficiency of the light-dependent reactions. In higher light levels it is limited by the efficiency of RuBisCO (an enzyme) and the amount of carbon dioxide. The point on the graph where these two differing lines meet is called the light saturation point. This is where the light-dependent reactions are making more ATP and NADPH than can be used by the light-independent reactions. Since photosynthesis is also limited by ambient carbon dioxide levels, light curves are often repeated at several different constant carbon dioxide concentrations.
May-Britt Moser

May-Britt Moser is a Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist.
Life
Moser was born on Jan 4, 1962 in Fosnavag, on a coastal island north of Bergen, Norway. She married Edvard Moser as a student of the University of Oslo in 1985. They had two kids, Isabel and Ailin. The Mosers were directors and coordinators of the Kavil Institute for systems Neuroscience and the Centre for Neural Computation at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology for many years, but they divorced in 2016.
Career
Each earned a PhD in neurobiology in 1995. She used rats as test subjects during her research because their nervous system is very similar to humans. They discovered brain cells that allow animals to move from one place to another. These are called grid cells, and they fire when the rats pass a certain location. Over time, this helped the rats move purposely around the room and navigate their surroundings. The Mosers won a Nobel Prize, an important award. She won this award in 2014 and shared this with John O'Keefe, another neuroscientist. They also won the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize.
Hackensack, New Jersey

Hackensack is a city of Bergen County in the state of New Jersey in the United States. It is the county seat of Bergen County. Almost 42,700 people were living in Hackensack as of 2000.
Imme Dros

Imme Dros (born 26 September 1936) is a Dutch children's writer. She was born in Oudeschild, Texel. She studied Dutch in Amsterdam. There she met her husband Harrie Geelen. She wrote her first book in 1971. Her husband has illustrated several of her books. Dros' works were mainly about fables or Odysseus during the Trojan War.
Muggiò

Muggio is a city in northern Italy. Muggio is in the Lombardy Region. About 23,500 people live there.
Xenacoelomorpha

Xenacoelomorpha is a proposed grouping of the xenoturbellids and acoelomorph flatworms, suggested by molecular data. It may be a member of the deuterostomes, and may be even more basal in the Bilateria.
Manuel Santana

Manuel Santana Martinez (10 May 1938 - 11 December 2021), also known as Manolo Santana, was a Spanish tennis player. He was voted world No. 1 in 1965 and in 1966. He was born in Madrid. He won the US Open in 1965 and, before winning Wimbledon the next year.
Santana died on 11 December 2021 in Madrid at the age of 83.
Oceanic dolphin

Oceanic dolphins are the members of the Delphinidae family, of the order Cetacea. They are aquatic mammals. They are found worldwide, mostly in the shallower seas of the continental shelves. These dolphins usually live in the open seas, unlike the river dolphins.
Drama from Ancient Life

Drama from Ancient Life () is a 1971 Soviet drama movie directed by Ilya Averbakh. It stars Yelena Solovey, Anatoly Yegorov, and Yevgeny Perov.
Actors
Yelena Solovey as Lyuba
Anatoly Yegorov as Arkady
Yevgeny Perov as Count Kamensky
Sofya Pavlova as Drosida
Aleksandr Khlopotov as Kamensky Jr.
Pebibyte

A pebibyte (peta binary byte, abbreviated PiB) is a large unit of measurement of bytes (computer memory).
Jonathan Bailey

Jonathan Bailey is a British actor. He has had roles in shows such as Leonardo,Broadchurch (2013-15), W1A , and Crashing (2016). In 2020,he was cast for the role of Viscount Anthony Bridgerton in the Netflix series Bridgerton.
1996–97 Austrian Cup

The 1996-97 Austrian Cup was Austria's nationwide football cup competition. It was the 63rd season of the competition. SK Sturm Graz were the defending champions.
Moonspell

Moonspell is a heavy metal band from Portugal. It was started in 1992.
Moonspell's first EP was Under the Moonspell, which was released in 1994.
2017–18 FC Augsburg season

The 2017-18 FC Augsburg season was the 111th season in the football club's history. The season lasted from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2018.
Chassillé

Chassille is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Admiralty Park

Admiralty Park is a national park in Singapore that is 27 hectares in size. It is made unique by its river valley shaped hilly terrain.
About
Located in Woodlands, Admiralty Park is the largest park in the north. It is situated on hilly terrain with Sungai Cina river running through it, and houses the largest nature area within an urban park.
Backround
This feature reflects the history of the site as Sungei Cina used to pass through it. Visitors can take the main route along the valley.
The park has a natural area of 20 hectares, the largest natural area in a park in Singapore. Most of the park is covered with mangroves. Three paths run through the mangroves, providing places to observe and appreciate flora and fauna with minimal habitat disturbance. The park works closely with the neighboring Republican Polytechnic Institute, which is also the owner of the park under the "adopt a park" scheme.
One of the joint projects with them was the electronic guide Admiralty Park, an online guide to plants in the park, created by students of the School of Applied Sciences.
Admiralty Park is also used for sports recreation, for which there are fitness centers and a jogging track. There are also concerts and performances, hiking and nature walks.
Wi-Fi access points for visitors are provided in places around the park.
Kot Sarang

Kot Sarang is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 33deg2'14N 72deg23'11E.
Waldenburg, Saxony

Waldenburg is a town in the rural district Zwickau, Saxony, Germany. It is near Glauchau, northeast to Zwickau.
Burr–Hamilton duel

The Burr-Hamilton duel was a duel fought between two well-known American politicians. It was between the former secretary of the treasury Alexander Hamilton and sitting vice president Aaron Burr. It took place on July 11, 1804. The duel was caused by a long and bitter rivalry between the two men. At Weehawken, in New Jersey, Burr shot and wounded Hamilton. Hamilton was carried to the home of William Bayard on the Manhattan shore, where he died the next day. The duel ended Burr's political career.
Esperantido

Esperantido is a term used for languages derivatives of Esperanto and a constructed language for describing a language project based on or inspired by Esperanto.
The creator of the Esperanto was the eye doctor L. L. Zamenhof in 1887. He proposed reform in 1894 with several changes, and considered it "Reformed Esperanto".
The most popular project of Esperantido is the Ido, but it is far less popular than the original Esperanto, which continues to be the world's most popular constructed language of all universal language projects.
Carlos Sánchez García

Carlos Sanchez Garcia (born 18 January 1978) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Castellon.
Erika Lava

Erika Lava is an Italian water polo player and coach. She was a member of the Italian women's national water polo team. She played at the 2003 European Waterpolo Championship, 2003 FINA World Championships, and 2004 FINA Women's Water Polo Superfinal.
Iván Hompanera Alvarez

Ivan Hompanera Alvarez (born January 26, 1969 in Barcelona) is a track and field athlete from Spain. He has a disability: He has cerebral palsy and a T38 type athlete. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia. He finished first in the 5,000 meter race and the 800 meter race. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece.
Team Dresch

Team Dresch is an American punk rock band. Donna Dresch started the band in 1993. In 1995 they released their first album Personal Best. In 1996 they released their second album Captain My Captain. After this Kaia Wilson and Melissa York left the band to start another band called The Butchies.
The band broke up in 1998. In 2004 they got back together. In May 2010 the band played two shows at Ladyfest Brazil.
All of the members have been openly lesbian since the band started.
Musar movement

The Musar movement is a Jewish ethical, educational and cultural movement. It developed in the 19th century in Eastern Europe, particularly among Orthodox Lithuanian Jews.
The Hebrew term Musar (), is from the book of Proverbs 1:2. It means moral conduct, instruction or discipline. The movement made important contributions to Jewish ethics and Musar literature.
Gueschart

Gueschart is a commune. It is in the region Picardie in the Somme department in the north of France.
Renato (footballer, born 1944)

Renato Cunha Valle (born 5 December 1944) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Niederrohrdorf

Niederrohrdorf is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Douds, Iowa

Douds is a census-designated place (CDP) in Iowa in the United States.
Lara Flynn Boyle

Lara Flynn Boyle (born March 24, 1970 in Davenport, Iowa) is an American movie and television actress. She is known for many movie roles. She is best known for her roles in television programs. Her television work includes The Practice and Twin Peaks.
Mahima Makwana

Mahima Makwana (born 5 August 1999) is an Indian actress.
Career
She works in television shows as well as Hindi and Telugu language movies. After entering television with Miley Jab Hum Tum and Balika Vadhu as a child artist, Makwana rose to prominence and became a household name through her character Rachna in Zee TV's popular soap opera Sapne Suhane Ladakpan Ke.
In 2021, Makwana made her Bollywood debut in the semi hit action thriller movie Antim:The Final Truth starring Salman Khan and Aayush Sharma.
Family
Makwana was born and brought up in Mumbai. Her father was a construction worker who died when she was five months old. Makwana and her elder brother were raised by their mother, a former social worker.
Education
Makwana graduated from Mary Immaculate Girls' High School She has a bachelor's degree in mass media.
Abamon

Abamon is a scarcely used and ancient male given name in Russia. The corresponding patronymics for this name are "Abamonovich" for males and "Abamonovna" for females.
Kristina Orbakaitė

Kristina Orbakaite (, , born 25 May 1971), is a Russian singer and actress. She is the daughter of Russian pop star Alla Pugacheva and Lithuanian circus performer Mykolas Orbakas.
Partick Thistle F.C.

Partick Thistle Football Club is a professional football team based at Firhill Stadium in Glasgow, Scotland. Despite their name, the club are based in the Maryhill area of the city, and have not played in Partick since 1908.
Currently, the team play in the Scottish League One.
Ford Taurus X

The Ford Taurus X (previously called Ford Freestyle in 2005) was a six or seven passenger crossover that was produced in the United States by the Ford Motor Company. The Taurus X name was phased out in the 2010 model year, and succeeded by the Ford Flex, which overlapped production in the same platform, until it was discontinued.
Emilio Bonelli

Don Emilio Bonelli y Hernando (7 November 1854 in Zaragoza, Aragon - 28 November 1926 in Madrid) was a Spanish military officer, author, explorer, colonialist and Africanist. He was the first colonial governor of Spanish Sahara.
Mont-de-Laval

Mont-de-Laval () is a commune in the Doubs department. It is in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region in eastern France.
Geography
The commune is west of Le Russey.
Semi-solid

A semi-solid is a state of matter. It is a substance that is in between a solid and a liquid. Another name for a semi-solid is a quasi-solid.
Mayonnaise is an example of a semi-solid. Mayonnaise does not hold its shape like a solid but does not flow like a liquid. Gel or cream are terms often used of a semi-solid.
Normally semi-solids are covalent in their chemistry. Covalent substances get softer and softer until they melt. Ionic substances melt at one temperature and do not get softer.
Butter is a semi-solid when it is warm. Butter does not hold its shape but it does not flow like a liquid. Paint is also a semisolid, since it is highly viscous. The shape of curd is semi-solid, and is different from milk, which is liquid.
Erythema ab igne

Erythema ab igne is a rash of the skin, which is usually caused by the long-term exposure to heat or infrared radiation, and which is not a burn. Usually the name is abbreviated EAI. Other names include hot water bottle rash fire stains, laptop thigh, granny's tartan and toasted skin syndrome.
Some people may complain of mild itchiness and a burning sensation. When a change in skin pigmentation can not be seen, it is often not noticed at all.
Khui Ningomba

Khui Ningomba () was a ruler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak). He was the successor of Emperor Taothingmang. It was during his reign that the Manipuri traders reached out on horseback to upper Burma and China. He is one of the nine kings associated with the design of a historic flag. Besides the Cheitharol Kumbaba, he is mentioned in the Ningthourol Lambuba.
Arabesque (ballet)

The arabesque is a basic ballet positions. It has been used since the 18th century. The dancer stands on one leg (the supporting leg) with the other leg (the working leg) turned out and extended behind the body. There are many variations on this figure which are described in the standard ballet technique books.
Anja Niedringhaus

Anja Niedringhaus (12 October 1965 - 5 April 2014) was a German photojournalist.
Career
Niedringhaus was born in Hoxter, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany. She worked for the Associated Press (AP). She was the only woman on a team of 11 AP photographers that won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography for coverage of the Iraq War. That same year she was awarded the International Women's Media Foundation's Courage in Journalism Award.
Niedringhaus had covered Afghanistan for several years before she was killed on 4 April 2014. She was shot while covering the presidential election, when an Afghan policeman opened fire at the car she was waiting in at a checkpoint, part of an election convoy. He was arrested.
Josep María Comadevall

Josep Maria Comadevall (born 24 November 1983) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Badalona.
Daryn Colledge

Daryn Colledge (born February 11, 1982 in Fairbanks, Alaska) is an American football guard.
Colledge won Super Bowl XLV in 2011 with the Packers.
Persistence hunting

Persistence hunting is important because it is thought to have been important in earlier human societies. It is practiced today by the San people and by the Raramari (Tarahumara) people of northwest Mexico.
Many animals on grassland move faster than humans. However, humans have endurance and can jog-trot for long distances. Their loss of hair allows them to sweat easily, and their spears give them a way to kill prey at the end of the hunting.
A group of about four men start out on a search. Finding a suitable antelope, they move towards it, and the animal runs away. They check the signs, such as broken blades of grass, and follow it more slowly, but persistently. Eventually the animal has to stop to eat grass. Grass has so little nutrient that continual eating during the day is essential for their survival. If the antelope runs off into the far distance, one of the younger men is chosen to run after it while the others jog along behind. The runner comes back to say where the animal has gone. In this way younger members with endurance and older men with experience have their roles in the hunt. Eventually the men catch up while the animal can run no further without digesting grass (which is its 'fuel').
There is an alternative explanation as to why the animal eventually stops running, and that relates to its lesser ability to reduce its temperature by sweating, because its coat of fur is so much denser than the human hair covering. This may indeed play a part, but primarily the cause of fatigue is what is called 'metabolic fatigue', such as the shortage of fuel within the muscles.
The San people and their hunting methods were presented on television by David Attenborough in the documentary The Life of Mammals, Program 10 Food for thought.
2013 in movies

The following tables list movies released in 2013. Two box-office hits (Top Gun and Jurassic Park) were re-released in 3D and IMAX.
Anne van Rooijen

Anne van Rooijen (born 4 June 2000) is a Dutch professional racing cyclist from Enter, who currently rides since 2022 for UCI Women's Continental Team Parkhotel Valkenburg Cycling Team.
Van Rooijen earned a contract with Parkhotel Valkenburg Cycling Team in 2022. She competed during her first year of a professional cyclist at the 2022 Tour de France Femmes.
Her two year older sister Sofie van Rooijen is also a professional cyclist, riding for the same team.
Brenne (river)

The Brenne is a river in eastern France. It is a right tributary of the Armancon river and flows through the Cote-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region.
Geography
The Brenne has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .
Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Montbard in the Cote-d'Or department.
Course
The Brenne starts in the commune of Sombernon, at an elevation of about , at about to the west of Dijon.
It flows to the northwest and joins the Armancon river between the communes Buffon and Montbard at an elevation of about above sea level.
The Brenne flows through 1 region (Nouvelle-Aquitaine) and 1 department (Cote-d'Or). The river flows through the communes:
Sombernon
Aubigny-les-Sombernon
Grosbois-en-Montagne
Vitteaux
Pouillenay
Venarey-les-Laumes
Montbard
Saint-Remy
There are only 2 important tributaries, and both join the Brenne on the right side: the Oze and the Ozerain rivers.
Hallertau

The Hallertau or Holledau is an area in Bavaria, Germany. It is the biggest hop-planting area in the world. The hop is a plant which grows in the temperate (mild) climate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. The female flowers, called hops, are used for making beer.
Siding Spring Observatory

Siding Spring Observatory is an observatory near in Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia. It is a part of the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Australian National University.
Harplinge

Harplinge is a locality in Halmstad Municipality in Halland County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,450 people lived there. The village of Harplinge is known for its surrounding nature.
Varanasi division

Varanasi () is a division of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Oostkamp

Oostkamp () is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 21948 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 09 North, 03deg 14 East.
Magical thinking

Magical thinking is a kind of thinking that looks for relationships between actions and events that can not be proved by reason and observation. Examples of magical thinking include some forms of prayer, some religious or magical rituals, superstitions, and taboos. The rain dance is a form of magical thinking. The dancers believe that the actions and songs used in the rain dance will cause rain to fall. Faith healing is a form of magical thinking where the healer says prayers, puts their hands on the sick person in the belief that the healer's actions will cure the person. Explanations for magical thinking include coincidence, the placebo effect, self-deception, staged events, and natural causes. See materialism.
In psychology, magical thinking may lead people to believe that their thoughts by themselves can cause effects in the world or that thinking something is the same as doing it. It is a type of incorrect reasoning that looks for meaningful relationships between coincidences.
However many people believe supernatural things do happen sometimes. To believe all explainable events are simply due to magical thinking is a form of scepticism.
Melon

A melon is any kind of edible, fleshy fruit in the Cucurbitaceae family. Many different cultivars have been produced, especially of muskmelons. Botanically speaking, the melon is a fruit, but some kinds are often considered vegetables. Most melons belong to the genus Cucumis, but there are also some that belong to Benincasa, Citrullus and Momordica. The muskmelon belongs to Cucumis, while the watermelon belongs to Citrullus.
The word melon comes from the Latin , which itself comes from the Greek ().
History
Melons come from Africa and southwest Asia. They gradually began to appear in Europe toward the end of the Roman Empire. Melons were introduced to America by early settlers, who grew honeydew and casaba melons as early as the 1600s. A number of Native American groups in New Mexico have a tradition of growing their own kinds of melon cultivars, derived from melons originally introduced by the Spanish.
Nutrition
Melons are a nutritious food. The seeds of cantaloupe were used in China to moderate fevers and the digestive system. Elsewhere, seeds were ground into a powder and used to treat tuberculosis. Cantaloupes are particularly beneficial to people with heart disease, as they have large of amounts of an anticoagulant known as adenosine. They also have high levels of potassium, which benefits those with high blood pressure. Due to their high water content, all melons are considered diuretics.
There is also evidence that suggests that eating melons can lower the risk of cancer. USDA researchers discovered that melons have lycopene, an antioxidant found in a select group of fruits and vegetables. Lycopene treats and prevents cancer by trapping free-radicals in cells.
Harrisburg, Nebraska

Harrisburg is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Banner County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 99 at the 2020 census.
Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign

The 2016 presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton, the 67th Secretary of State, former First Lady, and former United States Senator from New York, was announced via a YouTube video on April 12, 2015. A presidential candidate in 2008, her candidacy in the 2016 election is her second bid for the presidency. She was widely seen as the front runner for the Democratic nomination, although she faced several challengers, especially Bernie Sanders.
On November 9, 2016, after the presidential election, Hillary Clinton had lost to Donald Trump at the U.S. Electoral College.
Background
According to nationwide opinion polls in early 2015, Clinton was the front-runner for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination. She did face other several primary election challengers. A Franklin Pierce University/Boston Herald poll in mid-August 2015 showed Senator Bernie Sanders with a 44-37 lead over Clinton in the first-in-the-nation primary state of New Hampshire. And, in August 2015, Vice President Joe Biden was reported to be seriously considering a possible challenge to Clinton.
On July 22, 2016, Clinton announced Virginia United States senator Tim Kaine as her running mate.
Announcement
The Clinton campaign had planned a delayed announcement, possibly as late as July 2015. Her team decided to make the announcement earlier because of publicity about Clinton's use of a private email server while Secretary of State. Clinton made her official announcement on the following Sunday, April 12, 2015.
Spider-Man 2: Enter Electro

Spider-Man 2: Enter Electro is an action-adventure video game made by Vicarious Visions. It can be played on the PlayStation. The game is based on the Marvel Comics superhero Spider-Man and is a sequel to the 2000 game.
Development
The game originally had an ending where Spider-Man would encounter Hyper-Electro at the World Trade Center. Due to the September 11 attacks, the final level was changed to where Spidey attacks Electro at a skyscraper with a bridge.
Suman Sahai

Suman Sahai is an Indian activist and the founder of Gene Campaign.
Career
Sahai got a Ph.D. from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in 1975. She then worked at the University of Alberta, University of Chicago, and the University of Heidelberg, where she did her habilitation in human genetics. The Web of Science shows that Sahai has published over 40 articles. They are mostly on policy issues dealing with genetically-modified organisms. Her articles have been cited over 150 times and she has an h-index of 7. She is director of the non-governmental organization, Gene Campaign.
Awards
Order of the Golden Ark, 2001
Borlaug Award, 2004
Padma Shri, 2011
Scandal
In April 2013 it was shown that Sahai committed plagiarism in her habilitation thesis. She had submitted this thesis to the University of Heidelberg in 1986. She was also accused of presenting herself as being or having been a professor at that University. She never actually had such a position. The University of Heidelberg confirmed on 14 April, 2013, that plagiarism had taken place. The university also said that Sahai has no right to call herself a professor of the University of Heidelberg. Her habilitation has been revoked.
International Chamber of Commerce

The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC; French: Chambre de commerce internationale) is the largest, most representative business organization in the world. Its over 45 million members in over 100 countries. ICC has three main activities: rule setting, dispute resolution, and policy advocacy.
ICC supports the work of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and many other intergovernmental bodies, both international and regional, such as G20 on behalf of international business.
Kate Wilson Sheppard

Katherine Wilson Sheppard (10 March 1847, Liverpool, England - 13 July 1934, Christchurch, New Zealand) was a New Zealand activist for women's rights. She helped get women the right to vote in New Zealand. Kate Sheppard moved to Scotland when she was young. She was born with the name Catherine Wilson Malcolm. Her father died in 1862. She moved to New Zealand in 1869 and married at age 24. She had 2 husbands, one son, and one grandchild.
Sheppard is on the New Zealand ten dollar note.
Sea grass

Sea grasses (or seagrass) are flowering plants which live in the sea. They come from four plant families in the order Alismatales. They are monocotyledons which grow in marine, fully saline environments.
Sea grasses evolved from plants which went back to the ocean 70 to 100 million years ago, in the long, warm, Cretaceous period.
Sea grass is a key part of continental shelf ecosystems where phytoplankton produce carbonate sediment. This kind of ecosystem occurs in subtropical places like Florida Bay, and around Bermuda. Sea grass beds often contain many species from various phyla. Apparently, seagrass herbivory is a highly important link in the food chain. Many species feed on sea grasses, such as green turtles, dugongs, manatees, fish, geese, swans, sea urchins and crabs.
The surface of the seagrass is the place where Melobesia, a small alga, makes chalk as a by-product of its metabolism. That is not the only chalk-producing organism in the seagrass beds.
Largest plant
A huge bed of seagrass has been found off the coast of Western Australia.
Researchers collected shoots from the bay and looked at 18,000 genetic markers. It is all from the same plant, and covers about 77 square miles (200 square kilometres).
Bibliography
Green E.P. & Short F.T. (eds) 2003. World atlas of seagrasses. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. ISBN 0-520-24047-2
Hemminga M.A. & Duarte C. 2000. Seagrass ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
199 (number)

199 is the natural number after 198 and before 200.
Integers
Schoolhouse Rock!

Schoolhouse Rock! was an American animated television show that aired from January 6, 1973 to March 31, 2009. The show is an educational-musical show that first aired on ABC. The topics the show taught children were grammar, science, economics, history, mathematics, and civics. Many of the songs were performed by Grady Tate.
Kirchendemenreuth

Kirchendemenreuth is a municipality in Neustadt an der Waldnaab in Bavaria, Germany. It includes the village (Dorf) of Steinreuth.
Florian Klein

Florian Klein (born 17 November 1986) is an Austrian football player. He plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga as a defender.
Career
Klein started in September 1994 in the youth team for LASK Linz. He was promoted to the senior team in July 2004 . He played on loan for FC Blau-Weiss Linz in the 2003/2004 season and returned to LASK Linz after the end of the season. After 163 games in 14 years for LASK he signed with Austria Wien on 30 April 2009. In 2012 he went to FC Red Bull Salzburg.
In July 2014 Klein moved to VfB Stuttgart. After three years he went back to Austria and joined FK Austria Wien again. In 2020 he ended his career.
International
Florian Klein played for the Under-19 and Under-21 team of Austria. He also played 17 matches for the A-team.
Mice galaxies

The Mice galaxies (NGC 4676) are two spiral galaxies in the constellation Coma Berenices. About 290 million light-years away, we see them as they began to collide and merge. Their name refers to the long tails produced by tidal action, which is the relative difference between gravitational pulls on the near and far parts of each galaxy. They are members of the Coma cluster, so the galaxies may have collided before, and will continue colliding until they merge.
The galaxies were photographed in 2002 by the Hubble Space Telescope.
Ralph Puckett

Ralph Puckett Jr. (born December 8, 1926) is an American Army soldier and colonel. He led the Eighth Army Ranger Company during the Korean War. He was born in Tifton, Georgia.
Puckett was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions on November 25, 1950, when his company of 51 Rangers was attacked by Chinese forces at the battle for Hill 205.
He retired from the United States Army in 1971 as a colonel.
On May 20, 2021, President Joe Biden awarded Puckett the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Battle for Hill 205.
Yasutaka Kobayashi

Yasutaka Kobayashi (born 15 June 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Fukushima United.
Campello, Switzerland

Campello is a municipality of the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 1 April 2012 the former municipalities of Anzonico, Calpiogna, Campello, Cavagnago, Chironico, Mairengo and Osco merged to form the municipality of Faido.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Azerbaijan)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs () is the Azerbaijani government ministry which manages the foreign relations of Azerbaijan. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan was established on May 28, 1918, during the first Republic of Azerbaijan.
After Azerbaijan was occupied by the Red Army and became a part of the Soviet Union on 28 April, 1920 as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijan SSR), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was abolished and was replaced by People's Foreign Affairs Commissariat (PFAC). The People's Foreign Affairs Commissariat, had little power because Azerbaijan was no longer independent and followed Soviet foreign policy. However, the Soviet government allowed the People's Foreign Affairs Commissariat of Azerbaijan to conduct certain ties with foreign countries.
After the Soviet Union ended and Azerbaijan gained its independence in 1991, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was established, again in charge of the foreign policy of Azerbaijan.
Elmar Mammadyarov is the current Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan since 2004.