kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Polygamy

Polygamy is a word that comes from late Greek. It can be translated as many marriages. It refers to any form of marriage where a person has more than one spouse. There is also a concept called group marriage. In group marriage, all the (adult) members of the group are responsible for all the children.
A man being married to more than one woman at the same time is called polygyny. A woman being married to more than one man at the same time is called polyandry.
These terms are used in zoology. They are under the titles: Polygyny in animals and Polyandry in animals.
Both forms have occurred in humans. Polygyny is much more common, and is practised by millions of people, mostly in Muslim and African countries. According to Muslim
Sharia law, a man can have many wives at the same time. In many African Pagan religions, polygamy is a common custom, and there is often no limit to the number of women a man can marry. In most non-Muslim and non-African countries, polygamy is illegal, and a person who has more than one spouse can be prosecuted for bigamy. Some countries, including India, only permit Muslims to be polygamous.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Polygamy is one of the beliefs of Mormon Fundamentalists. These are Mormons (members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) who strictly follow the teachings of Joseph Smith. Smith felt it was his job to restore plural marriage to the earth. He was married to 33 women. In 1890 the Mormon church officially stopped "celestial marriages" (polygamy). Church members who continue to practice plural marriage are excommunicated from the church.
Sethepu/Isithembu
Isithembu (Sethepu) is the African practice of a man being able to have more than one wife at the same time. A man may marry again if his current wife or wives cannot have children. He keeps his current wife or wives as divorce is not allowed. A man may marry again if his current wife or wives have not produced male children. He can marry again if a wife does not want children. In some places, if a man dies, his wife or wives are married to his brother. This way his family is cared for. The Swazi culture says a man should have many wives. Polygamy (Isithembu) is normal for men. Woman should have children, which is normal for them.
Dal Orlov

Dal Orlov (February 10, 1935 - February 24, 2021) was a Russian film critic, screenwriter, and writer. He was a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR and Moscow, the Union of Cinematographers of Russia, the Union of Journalists of Russia and a member of the Russian Theater Society. On February 24, 2021, at the age of 86, Orlov died. He won the Honored Art Worker of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic award. He was educated at Moscow State University.
Le Beaucet

Le Beaucet is a commune of 352 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Skagway, Alaska

Skagway is a city and borough in Alaska. It became famous from Soapy Smith.
Transportation
Skagway is one of three Southeast Alaskan cities with a road to the Continental United States; Skagway is the southern end of the Klondike Highway. The road was built in 1978. The road links Skagway to Whitehorse, the Yukon, northern British Columbia, and the Alaska Highway.
The ferry system called "the Alaska Marine Highway" also stops at Skagway.
Skagway has a small airport.
Renee Montoya

Renee Maria Montoya is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created for Batman: The Animated Series and was introduced into mainstream comics before the airing of her animated debut in 1992.
Renee Montoya was a detective from the Gotham City Police Department, assigned to the Major Crimes Unit who comes into contact with masked vigilante Batman. She is a lesbian and resigns from the police force, disgusted by its corruption.
The character made her first live action debut on the first season of Gotham played by Victoria Cartagena. She will make her cinematic debut in the movie Birds of Prey (and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn) portrayed by Rosie Perez.
Amfreville, Calvados

Amfreville, Calvados is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Mike Ryan (catcher)

Michael James Ryan (November 25, 1941 - July 10, 2020) was an American baseball player and coach. He was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts. He played for Major League Baseball between 1964 to 1974. He played for the Boston Red Sox, Philadelphia Phillies and the Pittsburgh Pirates. He coached the Phillies between 1980 to 1995.
Ryan died on July 10, 2020 in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire at the age of 78.
El Loa

The Province of El Loa () is one of three provinces of the northern Chilean region of Antofagasta (II). It is named after the longest river of Chile, the Loa. The provincial capital is Calama.
Geography
The El Loa province has an area of .
The province is bordered on the north by the Tarapaca region, on the east by Bolivia, on the south by Argentina and on the west by the Antofagasta and the Tocopilla provinces.
Population
(last national census), there were 143,689 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km2.
The largest city of the province is Calama, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 126,135 inhabitants.
Administration
As a province, the El Loa province is a second-level administrative division, consisting of three communes (comunas). The city of Calama serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.
Shirley Williams

Shirley Vivian Teresa Brittain Williams, Baroness Williams of Crosby, (nee Catlin; 27 July 1930 - 12 April 2021) was a British politician.
Williams was originally a Labour MP - first elected to the House of Commons in 1964 - but left to found the Social Democratic Party (later the Liberal Democrats) in 1981. She served in government through the 1960s and 70s, but was defeated as an MP in 1983. She was awarded a life peerage in 1993 and retired in 2016. She was made a Companion of Honour in 2017.
Williams was the daughter of the author Vera Brittain and Sir George Catlin. She died on 12 April 2021, aged 90.
Blackstone, Massachusetts

Blackstone is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Arthur de Gobineau

Joseph Arthur Comte de Gobineau (July 14, 1816 -- October 13, 1882) was a French aristocrat. He was well educated, and wrote many things. He became famous for developing the racialist theory of the Aryan Master race in his book An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (1853-1855).
Åge Nordkild

Age Nordkild (19 September 1951 - 28 December 2015) was a Norwegian Sami politician. He was a member of the Norwegian Sami Association. He held many places in the Sami Parliament from 2001 to 2005 and 2009 to 2013. He was born in Narvik.
Nordkild died on 28 December 2015 at the age of 64.
The Fall of the Roman Empire (movie)

The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) is an historical movie starring Stephen Boyd, Christopher Plummer, Sophia Loren, and Alec Guinness. It is about ancient Roman history. It is sometimes considered the last of the big-budget peplum movies.
Plot
Commodus (Christopher Plummer) is disinherited by his father Marcus Aurelius (Alec Guiness), by adopting a step-son, his favorite general Livius (Stephen Boyd). As a result, Commodus murders his father, and becomes emperor and rules as a tyrant.
Luna Papa

Luna Papa (Russian: Lunnyi papa) is a 1999 Tajik Russian comedy movie. Bakhtyar Khudojnazarov directed the movie. Chulpan Khamatova, Mortiz Bleibtreu, Merab Ninidze, Nikolay Fomenko, Dinmukhamet Akhimov, and Sherali Abdulkajsov starred in it.
Castillon (Canton of Lembeye)

Castillon (Canton of Lembeye) is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Catherine Spaak

Catherine Spaak (3 April 1945 - 17 April 2022) was a Belgian-Italian model, actress and singer. She was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France. Her career began in 1959 and she retired in 2014.
Spaak's best known roles were in Circle of Love (1964), The Man, the Woman and the Money (1965), The Incredible Army of Brancaleone (1966), Adultery Italian Style (1966), Hotel (1967), The Libertine (1969), Diary of a Telephone Operator (1969), the drama The Cat o' Nine Tails (1971), Story of a Cloistered Nun (1973), My Darling Slave (1973), Take a Hard Ride (1975), Sunday Lovers (1980) and Miele di donna (1981).
Spaak had a cerebral hemorrhage in March 2020 and it caused health problems afterwards. She died on 17 April 2022 in Rome, Italy at the age of 77.
Selected filmography
L'hiver (1959)
Le Trou (1960)
Dolci inganni (1960). Internationally released under the title Sweet Deceptions.
Il carro armato dell'8 settembre (1960)
La voglia matta (1961). Internationally released under the title Crazy Desire.
Jean-Louis Trintignant

Jean-Louis Xavier Trintignant (11 December 1930 - 17 June 2022) was a French actor, racecar driver, producer and director. He won an Cesar Award for Best Actor as Georges in the 2012 French movie Amour.
In July 2018, he announced his retirement from cinema.
Trintignant was born on 11 December 1930 in Piolenc, Vaucluse, France. He was raised in Piolenc and in Paris. Trintignant was married to Stephane Audran until they divorced. Then he was married to Nadine Marquand from 1960 until they divorced in 1976. He had three children; including Marie.
In November 2017, Trintignant announced that he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. He died on 17 June 2022 at his home in Uzes, France from problems caused by the disease, aged 91.
Shikhar Dhawan

Shikhar Dhawan (born 5 December 1985) is an Indian international cricketer who is known for his explosive batting style. He is a left-handed opening batsman and occasional right-arm off-break bowler. Dhawan is considered one of the most accomplished batsmen in the Indian cricket team and has achieved numerous records and accolades throughout his career. He plays for Punjab Kings team in Indian premier league.
John Obiero Nyagarama

Nyagarama (1946 - 18 December 2020), formally known as John Obiero Nyagarama, was a Kenyan politician. He was the first Governor of Nyamira County from 2013 until his death. He was a member of the Orange Democratic Movement. Nyagarama was born in Nyamira County, Kenya.
Nyagarama was diagnosed with COVID-19 on 15 December 2020 and was hospitalized in Nairobi, Kenya. He died three days later from respiratory failure caused by the infection, aged 74.
Red admiral

The red admiral (Vanessa atalanta) is a well-known colourful butterfly, found in temperate Europe, Asia and North America. It has a wing span. The species is resident only in warmer areas, but migrates north in spring, and sometimes again in autumn.
In northern Europe, it is one of the last butterflies to be seen before winter sets in, often feeding on the flowers of ivy on sunny days. The red admiral is also known to hibernate, re-emerging individuals showing prominently darker colourings than first brood subjects. The butterfly also flies on sunny winter days, especially in southern Europe.
In North America, the red admiral generally has two broods from March through October. Most of North America must be recolonized each spring by southern migrants, but this species over-winters in south Texas.
Other red admiral species are:
The New Zealand red admiral Vanessa gonerilla.
The Indian red admiral Vanessa indica.
Painted ladies
The painted ladies are a subgenus Cynthis of the red admirals. The topside of their wings is mostly orange in colour.
The group includes:
The painted lady (Vanessa cardui), which is almost global in its distribution
Australian painted lady (Vanessa kershawi)
American painted lady (Vanessa virginiensis)
West coast lady (Vanessa annabella).
Migration
The painted lady in the UK migrates south in the winter. This has been proved by tracking them on radar. They fly at high altitude on a 9,000-mile migration. It could take up to six successive generations for the species to complete a 9000 mile (14,400 km) round trip from tropical Africa to Europe.
Huge numbers migrate. The radar showed that 11 million painted ladies entered the UK at high altitude in spring 2009. Twenty six million were counted departing in the autumn.
Your Everything

"Your Everything" is a song performed by country singer Keith Urban. It was released in May 2000. It reached number four on Billboard country charts the same year.
2000 songs
Country music
59 (number)

Fifty-nine is a number. It comes between fifty-eight and sixty, and is an odd number. It is also a prime number.
Matt Calvert

Matt Calvert (born December 24, 1989 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Drafted in the 5th Round (127th overall) by the Columbus Blue Jackets during the 2008 NHL Entry Draft he currently plays with the Colorado Avalanche. He also played for the Springfield Falcons of the AHL and the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is the only player in WHL history to score three short-handed goals in one period in the playoffs.
William L. Armstrong

William Lester "Bill" Armstrong (March 16, 1937 - July 5, 2016) was an American businessman and politician. He was a member of the Republican party. He served as a United States Representative and Senator from Colorado.
Armstrong died in Lakewood, Colorado on July 5, 2016 from cancer, aged 79.
17 BC

Year 17 BC was either a common year starting on Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Saturday, Sunday or Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Furnius and Silanus.
Fagopyrum tibeticum

Fagopyrum is a genus of Polygonaceae
Taxa
F tibeticum (A.J. Li) Adr.Sanchez et Jan.M.Burke
(Parapteropyrum tibeticum A. J. Li in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19 (3): 330. t. 9. 1981)
Tuzech Mi Geet Gaat Aahe

Tuzech Mi Geet Gaat Aahe is an Indian drama series.
A Writing Kind of Day

A Writing Kind of Day: Poems for Young Poets is a young adult book of poetry by Ralph Fletcher, with drawings by April Ward. It was first published in 2005.
Summary
A young writer's experiences are described in twenty seven mostly free verse poems. Topics included are roadkill, Venus Flytraps, a grandmother's . Others discuss snow angels, little brothers and "Ma".
The Second Coming (TV)

The Second Coming was a television drama shown by ITV, starring Christopher Eccleston.
The story is about a man named Steve who goes away for 40 days and 40 nights (like Jesus). When he comes back he is convinced he is the Son of God but nobody believes him. He turns day into night and everyone believes him then. He has a message from God to find the "Third Message". He finds from his friend July that the Third Message is her writings and one of her writings demands that he die. When Steve dies, he does not go to Heaven as it is destroyed, along with God, Satan and Hell. This is so humanity can work things out for itself.
Name tag

A name tag is a badge or sticker worn on the outermost clothing as a means of displaying the wearer's name for others to view.
"Hello my name is" stickers
"Hello my name is" stickers, first introduced by C-Line Products in 1959, became hugely popular.
Many graffiti artists have been known to use these stickers as tags.
Charlie Wilson (politician)

Charles Nesbitt Wilson (June 1, 1933 - February 10, 2010) was an American politician and naval officer. He was a 12-term Democratic United States Representative from Texas's 2nd congressional district.
Wilson is best known for leading Congress into supporting Operation Cyclone, the largest-ever Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) covert operation under the Carter and Reagan administration.
His behind-the-scenes campaign was the subject of the non-fiction book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History by George Crile III and the movie Charlie Wilson's War, starring Tom Hanks as Wilson.
Wilson died of cardiopulmonary arrest in Lufkin, Texas on February 10, 2010 at the age of 76.
Roanoke people

The Roanoke people were a group of Native Americans who lived in North Carolina. Their population was between 5,000 and 10,000. Their capital was possibly Dasamonguepeuk. The English met them on Roanoke Island, where the English would later create Roanoke Colony.
Ambrose Burnside

Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 - September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive and politician. He served as governor of Rhode Island (1866-1869) and U.S. Senator from Rhode Island. As a Union Army general in the American Civil War, he fought successful campaigns in North Carolina and East Tennessee but was defeated in the disastrous Battle of Fredericksburg and Battle of the Crater. Burnside commanded the IX Corps, the Department of Ohio, and also the Army of the Potomac for a few months. His distinctive style of facial hair is now known as sideburns, derived from his last name.
Höchstädt im Fichtelgebirge

Hochstadt im Fichtelgebirge is a municipality in Wunsiedel in Bavaria in Germany.
Survivor Series (2003)

Survivor Series (2003) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on November 16, 2003 at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas. It was the seventeenth Survivor Series event held by the WWE.
Sauropsid

Sauropsids are a group of land vertebrates which includes all existing reptiles and birds and their fossil ancestors.
They are one of the two groups which evolved from egg-laying amniotes in the first part of the Carboniferous period.
The synapsids are the other group which evolved from amniotes. They gave rise, eventually, to the mammals.
Living sauropsids include lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles, and birds. Extinct sauropsids include non-avian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, and many others.
Origin of tetrapods
More or less, the evolution of tetrapods has taken this course:
Sarcopterygii
Coelacanthimorpha (Coelacanths)
Dipnoi (lungfish)
Tetrapodomorpha
The earlies tetrapods lived in water. Clear fossil tetrapod tracks from the mid-Devonian predate previous tetrapod records by 18 million years.
Nine genera of Devonian tetrapods have been described. These earliest tetrapods were not terrestrial. They lived in swampy habitats like shallow wetlands, coastal lagoons, brackish river deltas, and even shallow marine sediments.
Romer's gap
Between the lobe-finned fish tetrapods and the first amphibia and amniotes in the Middle Carboniferous lies a gap of 30 million years, with few satisfactory tetrapod fossils. This is "Romer's gap". Some new fossils were found in the 1990s, such as Pederpes, right in the middle of the Romer Gap. The gap still obscures the details of the tetrapod transition.
Sometime, in the later Devonian or earliest Carboniferous, the fishapods became mainly land-based. One group of them kept their link to the water, and always laid their eggs in water. They became the amphibians. The others evolved a way of laying eggs on land. They were the amniotes, whose key innovation was the cleidoic egg.
Sometime in the middle or lower Carboniferous, the amniotes split into two lines. One line lead to the reptiles of all kinds, and we call that the Sauropsida. The other line led eventually to the mammals, and we call that the Synapsida. It is not right to say "mammals evolved from reptiles" because both groups derived from early amniotes. In any event, modern reptiles are vastly different from modern mammals. Both groups have evolved for over 300 million years from the early amniotes.
Eric XI of Sweden

Eric XI of Sweden (Erik Eriksson) was the King of Sweden from 1222 to 1229, and from 1234 to 1250.
Lapugnoy

Lapugnoy is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Enthalpy

Enthalpy is a concept used in science and engineering when heat and work need to be calculated. The name comes from the Greek word "enthalpos" (enthalpos), meaning "to put heat into". The idea and the word were made up by the Dutch scientist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1909.
When a substance changes at constant pressure, enthalpy tells how much heat and work were added or removed from the substance.
Enthalpy is similar to energy, but not the same. When a substance grows or shrinks, energy is used up or released. Enthalpy accounts for this energy. Because of this, scientists often calculate the change in enthalpy, rather than the change in energy.
Consider a system containing a fixed amount of gas. Any heat energy entering the system will:
1) Increase the Internal Energy of the gas
or
2) Lead to some work being done to expand the system.
The work done is the product of pressure and volume. Enthalpy takes both these factors into account, therefore:
Enthalpy (H)= Internal Energy (E) + (Pressure(P) x Volume (v)); H = E + (P x V)
Enthalpy and chemical reactions
When a chemical reaction happens, a substance can become warmer or colder. As a result, heat will flow to things around it, or from things around it, until its temperature is the same again. If the pressure stays the same, this amount of heat tells how much the enthalpy changed.
For example, if gasoline is burned in the open air, heat is released by the gasoline. If we suppose 100 kilojoules of heat were released, then the enthalpy of the gasoline was reduced by 100-kilo joules. Therefore the change in enthalpy for this reaction was H = -100 kJ.
If a chemical reaction gives off heat (warming its surroundings), then the enthalpy of the reaction is said to have decreased. The value of H is negative. This kind of reaction, like the example above, is called exothermic.
If a chemical reaction absorbs heat (cooling its surroundings), then the reaction's enthalpy has increased. The value of H is positive. This is called an endothermic reaction.
Böbrach

Bobrach is a municipality in Regen, in Bavaria, Germany.
El Salvador national football team

El Salvador national football team is the national football team of El Salvador.
Liliane Montevecchi

Liliane Montevecchi (October 13, 1932 - June 29, 2018) was a French-Italian actress, dancer, and singer. She was born in Paris. In 1982 she drew the attention of critics and audiences for her performance in Nine, with Raul Julia, for which she won both the Tony and Drama Desk Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical.
Montevecchi died on June 29, 2018 in New York City from colorectal cancer at the age of 85.
Olmedo

Olmedo (S'Ulumedu, Urumeddu) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 4,161 people lived there. Its area is 33.47 km2. It is 68 meters above sea level.
Épénancourt

Epenancourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Clyde Scott

Clyde Luther Scott (August 29, 1924 - January 30, 2018) was an American athlete. He competed professionally in the National Football League and earned an Olympic medal in the 110 meter hurdles. He was born in Dixie, Louisiana. He played for the Philadelphia Eagles from 1949 through 1952 and for the Detroit Lions in 1952.
Scott died on January 30, 2018, at age 93.
Provably Fair

Provably Fair is a technology-based algorithm that can be analyzed and tested for fairness. Provably fair technology is used mainly in online gambling. The main purpose of this technology is to ensure that online casinos do not cheat their customers.
The provable fairness algorithm appeared a few years after the launch of Bitcoin, a digital and global money system cryptocurrency. But at the time, the phrase "provably fair" was not yet in use. In 2011, this term was mentioned for the first time.
The Provably Fair algorithm in its work uses 3 main parameters:
Server Seed
Client Seed
Nonce
This method consists in the fact that the players receive a certain key string. This key can be used to check the results through a special algorithm. The hash code will be encrypted in it. The Provably Fair algorithm allows players to use this code to get a certain result. If checking the code gives the same result as the game round, it means that the game is working without errors. Availability of the verifying process enhances trust in online gambling. This transparency assures players that results are unbiased and unpredictable, fostering a more trustworthy and engaging gaming environment.
It is possible to check the game results in real time with this technology. It uses three kinds of technologies: Random Number Generators, Seed Generators and Hashing. Random number generation is a process that uses a device to generate a sequence of numbers or characters. The sequence can only be predicted on the basis of chance. Seed generators generate numbers that affect the results of algorithms. Hashing is the process of changing a longer string of data into a shorter one.
Larry Lieber

Larry D. Lieber (; born October 26, 1931) is an American comic book artist and writer. He is the younger brother of Marvel Comics' writer, editor, and publisher Stan Lee.
Lieber is best known for scripting the first appearances of the Marvel characters Iron Man, Thor, and Ant-Man; for his long stint both writing and drawing the Marvel Western Rawhide Kid; and for illustrating the newspaper comic strip The Amazing Spider-Man for many years and continuing as of August 2016. From 1974 to 1975, he was editor of Atlas/Seaboard Comics.
Assevent

Assevent () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 1,821 people lived there.
Essonne

Essonne is a department to the south of Paris in the Ile-de-France region. Its prefecture is Evry. About 1,172,000 people live there (2006 estimation).
Renzo Gattegna

Renzo Gattegna (1939 - 10 November 2020) was an Italian lawyer and politician. He was born in Rome. Gattegna was the President of the Union of Italian Jewish Communities. He was elected on 16 July 2006.
Gattegna died in Rome on 10 November 2020 in Lazio, Italy from COVID-19 at the age of 81.
Calderstone Productions

Calderstone Productions Limited is a subsidiary of UMG. It administers the Beatles' music, and solo music by members of The Beatles.
List of National Laboratories (Japan)

List of National Laboratories (Japan) includes scientific research centers in Japan. These independent administrative institutions are supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). The semi-governmental laboratories include
Central Customs Laboratory
Geographical Survey Institute of Japan (Geography & Crustal Dynamics Research Center)
International Medical Center of Japan
Japan Meteorological Agency, JMA
National Cancer Center
National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute.
Bréxent-Énocq

Brexent-Enocq is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Wembley Stadium (1923)

Wembley Stadium was a sports arena in London, England. It was built in 1923 and was first known as the Empire Stadium, but because the area it was in is named "Wembley," it was renamed "Wembley Stadium." It featured twin towers by the entrance.
As well as being a sports arena, it had also been the site for several concerts. The most famous one is the Live Aid concert held there in July of 1985.
In 2000, Wembley Stadium was closed. In 2003, it was demolished, and a brand-new stadium with the same name was put up in its place.
Andy Thomas

Andrew Sydney Withiel Thomas (born December 18, 1951) is an Australian-American aerospace engineer and NASA astronaut. He flew aboard a number of Space Shuttle missions. He has 177 days logged in space. His first mission was STS-77 (1996). His final mission was STS-114 (2005), the first Space Shuttle mission following the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster of 2003.
Thomas was born in Adelaide, South Australia. He is married to fellow astronaut Shannon Walker.
First ascent

In climbing, the first climb to reach the top of a mountain is called first ascent.
The risks for the climbers are often very high, because the way to the top is not known. That is why first ascents are often carefully recorded as part of the history of a mountain and usually mentioned in books about that mountain.
Some use the words "last ascent" as a joke for a way that was no pleasure and no one wants to do it like the first climbers.
Hunted Down

"Hunted Down" is a 1991 heavy metal song by the American grunge band Soundgarden. It is from their debut EP Screaming Life, which was released in 1987. The song was written by Chris Cornell and Kim Thayil.
Soundgarden
1987 songs
Thomas von Heesen

Thomas von Heesen (born 1 October 1961) is a former German football attacking midfielder. He is currently an assistant manager for Khoneh Be Khoneh.
Moghol people

The Moghols are a Mongolic ethnic group, descendants of the Mongol Empire's soldiers in Afghanistan. They live in the Herat province of Afghanistan. and they speak the Moghol language of the Mongolic languages.
Arthur Rubinstein

Arthur Rubinstein (January 28, 1887 - December 20, 1982) was a Polish-American pianist. He received praise from around the world for his playing of the music of a selection of composers (many call him the greatest Chopin player of the century).
Rubinstein was born in Lodz, Poland to a family of Jews. He was the youngest child of the family. His father was a rich owner of a factory.
Although his given name is Artur Rubinstein, in English-speaking countries he wanted to be known as Arthur Rubinstein. However, his United States impresario Sol Hurok wanted him to still be billed as Artur, and his recordings were released in the West under both names.
Rubinstein learned the piano at the age of two in Warsaw, before beginning study in Berlin at the age of eight. His debut in Berlin was made in 1898 followed by a debut at Carnegie Hall in the United States in 1906.
Throughout his life, Rubinstein was famous as a solo pianist, a soloist in piano concertos, and even as a chamber musician. He retired from the stage at age eighty-nine, and died in Geneva, Switzerland, on 20 December 1982, at the age of ninety-five, and his body was cremated. On the first anniversary of his death, his ashes were buried in Jerusalem - as specified in his will - in a plot now nicknamed the "Rubinstein Forest" overlooking the Jerusalem Forest.
Jay Weatherill

Jay Wilson Weatherill (born 3 April 1964) is an Australian politician. He was the 45th Premier of South Australia from 21 October 2011 to 19 March 2018, from the Labor Party.
John Stevens, Baron Stevens of Kirkwhelpington

John Arthur Stevens, Baron Stevens of Kirkwhelpington, (born 21 October 1942) is the former Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis (top person in the Metropolitan Police Service) from 2000 until 2005. He was made Deputy Commissioner of the Met in 1998 until his promotion to Commissioner in 2000. He was a writer for the News of the World, for PS7,000 an article, until he left it as the hacking scandal happened.
He sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher.
Clayton, California

Clayton (formerly Clayton's and Claytonville) is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, 11,070 people lived here.
Reproduction

Reproduction is to create or recreate something, (usually) a new living thing, such as a baby. In biology, the two types of reproduction are sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves two organisms of the same species, each supplying half the genes for the descendant. Asexual reproduction only involves a single organism; it works by division (or splitting) of the cell. Most bacteria reproduce by asexual reproduction. Some organisms can either reproduce sexually or asexually.
Ferruccio Valcareggi

Ferruccio Valcareggi (12 February, 1919 - 2 November 2005) was an Italian football player.
Jan Roar Leikvoll

Jan Roar Leikvoll (7 June 1974 - 1 August 2014) was a Norwegian author. He was born in Bergen.
Leikvoll made his debut in 2008 with the novel A Winter Story, followed by The Violins (2010), The Bovara Monastery (2012) and The Songbird in 2013.
He was awarded Nynorsk Literature Prize for The Violins and Stig Saeterbakkens memorial prize for his three first novels. Leikvoll died on 1 August 2014 from a brain tumor, aged 40.
Weaver ant

Weaver ants (also known as tailor ants or green ants; genus Oecophylla) are eusocial insects of the Formicidae family. They make their nests from living leaves, still attached to the tree. Instead of needles and thread, they use a rare type of silk, made in the mouths of their own grubs. The grubs are passed to and from between the leaves, to sew them together. Tailor ants may be found in the rainforest of Asia.
Colonies of weaver ants can be very large, containing more than half a million workers. The colonies can be made up of more than a hundred nests across several trees.
Lamborghini Urraco

The Lamborghini Urraco is a sports car that was made by Lamborghini from 1972 to 1979. It came before the Silhouette.
History
The Urraco was first revealed at the 1970 Turin Auto Show. It was designed by Marcello Gandini. The Urraco has a 2+2 coupe layout.
The Urraco was designed to compete with the Ferrari Dino and Maserati Merak.
When Lamborghini stopped making the Urraco in 1979, 791 Urracos had been built. Twenty-one of them were Urraco P111s (P250 Tipo 111s), which were made for the American market. In order to follow American rules, these cars had larger front bumpers. They also had a slightly detuned engine, in order to follow American rules. The other Urraco versions were the Urraco P200, Urraco P250 and Urraco P300. The number tells the engine size: the Urraco had either a 2-litre, a 2.5-litre, or a 3-litre V8.
Both the Lamborghini Silhouette and the Lamborghini Jalpa were based upon the Urraco.
Engine and transmission
The Urraco was powered by either a V8, a V8, or a V8. The engine was mid-mounted, like in the Miura. The engine was paired to a five-speed manual transmission. The engine's power went to the rear wheels.
Performance
The Urraco's performance was different with different models.
The Urraco P200 produced . It was able to accelerate from 0-60 miles per hour (0-97 kilometres per hour) in 7.2 seconds. The Urraco P250 produced , and was able to accelerate from 0-60 miles per hour (0-97 kph) in 6.9 seconds. The Urraco P300 produced , and was able to accelerate from 0-60 mph (0-97 kph) in 5.6 seconds.
The Urraco P300 had a top speed of , while the P250 had a top speed of , and the P200 had a top speed of .
Black Holes and Revelations

Black Holes and Revelations is the fourth album from the British alternative rock band, Muse. It was released in 2006.
Twine

Twine (also called baler twine) is a light string or strong thread made from two or more smaller strands or yarns twisted together. More generally, the term can be applied to a cord. It is often synonymous with string but is usually thicker. Natural fibres used for making twine include cotton, sisal, jute, hemp, henequen, and coir. A variety of synthetic fibres may also be used. Twine is available in colors, plain or waxed. Twine is as useful as duct tape in that it can be used for a wide variety of repairs.
Uses
In arts and crafts, twine is used for a wide variety of projects. It is used in knitting, crocheting, and making jewellery, to mention just a few. Commercially, twine is used in upholstery, rug-making, agriculture, the cotton industry, textiles, and in the carton industry.
History
Twine traces its history back to as early as 32,000 years ago. Wild flax fibers were used to make twine for clothing, baskets and creating tools. Hunter-gatherers processed flax into strong cords or twine.
Archaeologists discovered flax fiber cords in a western Asian cave that date from 32,000 to 26,000 years ago. In a cave at Lascaux, France fossilized remains of a "two-ply laid rope of about 7 mm diameter" were dated to about 15,000 BCE. Hemp twine was used from about 8,000 BCE. By 1,000 BCE hemp rope and twine was used by most civilizations. From 500 BCE to 1900 AD almost all rope and twine used in sailing ships was made from hemp. For example, the USS Constitution used hemp for its rigging lines. Sea bags and other common goods used help cordage or twine.
In the 1630s hemp was used to produce cordage in Boston. Soon there were several ropewalks in Boston producing hemp rope. Hemp twine was twisted into rope.
Edith Wharton

Edith Wharton (born Edith Newbold Jones; January 24, 1862 - August 11, 1937) was an American historical writer, novelist and designer. She was "known for some essays and novels about war." She was born during the American Civil War. During World War I, she helped to support some medical assistants to soldiers. She was born in New York City.
Wharton died on August 11, 1937 in Saint-Brice-sous-Foret, France of a stroke caused by a heart attack at the age of 75.
Early career
Edith Wharton became an author because she wanted to tell more people what she saw and what she learned in her life. The most famous novel she wrote was The Age of Innocence (1920). She wrote this book because she had a similar life like the main character in the book. At the same time, it was about people's lives during the nineteenth century.
Major works
Edith Wharton family was upper class (a group of people who has a lot of money). She usually heard some events to write the book. The Valley of Decision talked about a lawyer man falls in love with a women that already has a husband; however, at the end of the book, the man marries with the nephew of the woman. One of her books, The Age of Innocence, helped Edith Wharton win the Pulitzer Prize, and the book was written just after World War I.
Influence
The influence of Edith Wharton on society was to help people know about the war and life. All of her books mostly talked about what she saw in her life. The life part talks about what she learned in her life and some experiences from her life.
Later life
At the end of World War I, she moved out Paris. She won the Pulitzer Prize because of the book The Age of Innocence.
Ciego de Ávila Province

Ciego de Avila is one of the provinces of Cuba, and was previously part of Camaguey Province. Its capital is Ciego de Avila, which lies on the Carretera Central (central highway), and the second city is Moron, farther north.
Off the north coast of the province are a string of cayos (cays) - these islands are being developed as tourist resorts, principally Cayo Coco and Cayo Guillermo. The south coast is characterised by mangroves.
Between Moron and the north coast are several lakes, including La Laguna de Leche (the Lake of Milk, so called for its white appearance because of large lime deposits underwater) which is the largest natural lake in Cuba.
Central Ciego de Avila is used for cattle ranching, elsewhere in the province sugar, pineapples and citrus fruit are grown.
The province was separated from Camaguey Province in 1975 by Fidel Castro's government.
Biratnagar

Biratnagar () is a major industrial city and the second largest city in Nepal. Its geographical location is 26deg28'60"N 87deg16'60"E. The city is located in the Morang District in the Koshi Province of Nepal. It is the capital of the Koshi Province.
Bedouin

Bedouins are an Arab ethnocultural group. They are descended from nomads who lived in the Arabian, Syrian and Saharan Deserts.
They call themselves the people of the tent, because they travelled around, living in tents. Bedouin were camel raisers and drivers, sheep and goat nomads, cattle driving nomads, and merchants. Today many Bedouin have given up the nomadic life and live and work in towns. The Bedouin are the original Breeders of the Arabian Horse.
Abdelkrim Ghallab

Abdelkrim Ghallab (December 31, 1919 - August 14, 2017) was a Moroccan political journalist, cultural commentator, and novelist. He was born in Fes, Morocco. He was an important figure both in the literary and political field. He studied both at the University of Al-Karaouine in Fez and at the University of Cairo.
Ghallab was the author of five novels and three collections of short stories. His best known novel is Dafann al-m'd (The buried Past), 1966. According to Simon Gikandi his Arabic style is known for its "graceful and at times scholarly classicism".
In 2000, the Union of Arab writers in Egypt included his novel Al-Mu'alim 'Ali (Master Ali) among the hundred best Arabic novels in history. In 2001, the Moroccan department of Culture published the complete works of Ghallab in five volumes. In 2004 he was awarded the Maghreb Culture prize of Tunis. His work has been translated in many languages.
Ghallab died in El Jadida on August 14, 2017, aged 97.
Saint-Aubin, Aube

Saint-Aubin is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Hearts on Fire (HammerFall song)

"Hearts on Fire" is a 2002 song by Swedish heavy metal band HammerFall. It was the only single released from their fourth album, Crimson Thunder.
Track listing
"Hearts on Fire" (video clip)
"The Making Of 'Hearts On Fire'"
"Heeding the Call" (live)
"A Legend Reborn" (video clip)
"Always Will Be" (video clip)
"Renegade" (video clip)
Personnel
Joacim Cans - Lead and Backing Vocals
Oscar Dronjak - Guitar and Backing Vocals
Stefan Elmgren - Lead Guitar
Magnus Rosen - Bass
Anders Johansson - Drums
Power metal
HammerFall songs
2002 songs
Inspiration

Inspiration may mean:
Artistic inspiration, sudden creativity in artistic production
Revelation, an uncovering or disclosure of something hidden via communication from the divine
Biblical inspiration, the doctrine in Judeo-Christian theology concerned with the divine origin of the Bible
Inhalation, the movement of air into the lungs
In business:
Inspiration Software, a developer and publisher of visual learning software
Inspiration (computer program), a visual learning software tool published by Inspiration Software
BT Inspiration, a telephone switchboard
Inspiration CCR, a make of scuba diving rebreather
In music:
"Inspire (Ayumi Hamasaki song)," released in 2004
Inspiration (Elkie Brooks album), released in 1989
Inspiration (Yngwie J. Malmsteen album), released in 1996
Inspiration (Aziza Mustafa Zadeh album), released in 2000
Inspiration (William Hung album), released in 2004
Inspiration (Shinhwa album), released in 2006
In film:
Inspiration (movie), a 1915 movie starring Audrey Munson
The Click (song)

"The Click" is the third single off the debut self-titled album by American punk band Good Charlotte. The song was released in 2001. The song didn't initially appear on the track listing for the Good Charlotte album but was later added on the track listing for the Japanese and 2003 rerelease of Good Charlotte. The song was also the theme song for the television show Undergrads and the band have also been mentioned in numerous episodes and made an appearance in the 12th episode where they played "The Click".
Ministry for Intra-German Relations

The Federal Ministry of Intra-German Relations () was a federal ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was responsible for all relations with the East German government. This was because the West German government said there should be only one Germany. This meant they could not use the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, because they could not admit that East Germany was a foreign country.
The ministry was created in 1949 as the Federal Ministry of All-German Affairs (). This ministry was also in charge of matters about the German lands east of the Oder-Neisse-Line which had become a part of Poland. The ministry was renamed in 1969 when Willy Brandt signed a treaty with Poland which said that Poland's western border was along the Oder and Neisse Rivers. This was part of Willy Brandt's ideas of Ostpolitik. At that time Poland was under a communist government. They could not allow West Germany to sign a treaty about East Germany's borders, which is why the treaty says "the western border of Poland" and not "the border between Germany and Poland".
The ministry was abolished in 1991, about one year after German Reunification, after helping with the change to one country. All "intra-German affairs" are now jobs of the Ministry of the Interior. The Minister of the Interior is now also Commissioner for the New Bundeslander to show that there is still some work to make all of the states equal.
Ministers
Publications
BMgF (Hrsg.): SBZ von A-Z, Deutscher Bundes-Verlag, Bonn, 1. bis 10. Aufl., 1953 bis 1966, ca. 500 Seiten.
BMgF (Hrsg.): Sowjetische Auffassungen zur Deutschlandfrage 1945 - 1954. Dargestellt nach amtlichen Dokumenten, Deutscher Bundes-Verlag, Bonn, 1954.
BMgF (Hrsg.): Wer ist wer in der SBZ? Ein biographisches Handbuch, Verlag fur Internationalen Kulturaustausch, Berlin, 1958.
BMgF (Hrsg.): Die Situation der Jugend im kommunistischen Herrschaftssystem der SBZ Deutschlands in Bonner Berichte aus Mittel- und Ostdeutschland, Bonn - Berlin, 1960.
BMgF (Hrsg.): Die Bemuhungen der Bundesrepublik um Wiederherstellung der Einheit Deutschlands durch gesamtdeutsche Wahlen. Dokumente und Akten. I. Teil, Oktober 1949 - Oktober 1953, Deutscher Bundes-Verlag, Bonn, 1958.
Burgdorf District

The district of Burgdorf in the Swiss canton of Bern has 24 municipalities in an area of 197 km2:
Burgdorf
Franz Müntefering

Franz Muntefering (born January 16, 1940) is a German politician. He used to be Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).
Muntefering was born in Neheim-Husten near Arnsberg.
After his school time he was taught to became an industrial salesman.
He joined the Social Democratic Party in 1966.
He was member of the Bundestag (Federal Parliament) from 1975 to 1992 and again from 1998 to 2013.
1998 he was a member of the Landtag (state parliament) of North Rhine-Westphalia.
From 1992 to 1995 he was Secretary of Social affairs in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia.
From 1995 to 2001 Party Chairman in that state.
From 1995 to 1998 he was Bundesgeschaftsfuhrer (federal executive director) of the SPD.
In 1998 he became Secretary for Transport and Infrastructure of Germany under Chancellor Gerhard Schroder.
From 1999 to 2002 he was Secretary General of the Social Democratic Party.
From 2002 to 2005 fraction leader in the Bundestag.
He was Party Chairman of the SPD from 2004 to 2005.
Uo from 2005 to 2007 he was Secretary for Working and Social Affairs and Vice Chancellor of Germany under Angela Merkel in her Grand Coaltion.
In 2007 he gave up all his jobs - excepted the mandate in Federal Parliament - for caring his ill wife.
After the death of his wife he returned.
From 2008 to 2009 he was Party Chairman of the SPD again.
Higher

A Higher is a level of study in the Scottish educational system. It is studied by students in their last two years at secondary school aged fifteen to seventeen and is slightly harder than the English GCSE.
Blatten (Lötschen)

Blatten (Lotschen) is a village and municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Young and Wild (1958 movie)

Young and Wild is a 1958 crime movie directed by William Witney and starring Gene Evans, Scott Marlowe, Robert Arthur, Tom Gilson, Ken Lynch, Morris Ankrum, John Zaremba. It was distributed by Republic Pictures.
325

325 was a common year.
Events
First Council of Nicaea held in Nicaea in Bithynia
Deaths
Licinius - Roman emperor
Hollow Rock, Tennessee

Hollow Rock is a town of Carroll County in the state of Tennessee in the United States. Almost 1,000 people were living in Hollow Rock as of 2000.
Welsh Americans

Welsh Americans are an American ethnic group whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in Wales. In the 2008 U.S. Census community survey, an estimated 1.98 million Americans had Welsh ancestry, 0.6% of the total U.S. population. This compares with a population of 3 million in Wales. However, 3.8% of Americans appear to bear a Welsh surname.
The Gods Must Be Crazy II

The Gods Must Be Crazy II is a 1989 South African Botswanan movie directed by Jamie Uys and is the sequel to the 1980 The Gods Must Be Crazy. It stars N!xau reprising his role, Hans Strydom, Lena Farugia and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Merrifield, Virginia

Merrifield is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 15,212 at the 2010 census.
Ellicott's Mills Historic District

Ellicott's Mills Historic District is a historic district in Oella, Maryland, United States. It is on the east bank of the Patapsco River, opposite Ellicott City.
This historic district is on the National Register of Historic Places.