kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Osmium

Osmium is a chemical element. It is element number 76 on the periodic table. Its symbol is Os.
There is not much osmium on earth. There is actually such a small amount that osmium is very expensive.
Osmium is a metal and it does not react very much, and such a metal is known as a "noble metal".
Osmium is the densest (heaviest for the same amount) element on the periodic table.
It was discovered in 1804 by Smithson Tennant in London, England. He found it together with Iridium in a bit of Platinum, which he had dissolved in Aqua regia.
Characteristics
Osmium has a blue-grey hue and is the densest stable element; it is about twice as dense as lead and slightly denser than iridium. Osmium is a hard but brittle metal that stays shiny even at high temperatures. It has a very low squeezability. Accordingly, its size module is extremely high, reported between 395 and 462 GPa, which is comparable to that of diamond (443 GPa). The hardness of osmium is moderately high at 4 GPa. Because of its hardness, brittleness, low vapour pressure, and very high melting point, solid osmium is difficult to machine, form, or work.
Dzhenko Sabev

Dzhenko Sabev was a equestrian from Bulgaria. Sabev competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He was born on 2 June 1947 and died on 30 April 2020.
Terry Moore (actress)

Terry Moore (born Helen Luella Koford; January 7, 1929) is an American movie, television, and stage actress. She is known for her roles in Mighty Joe Young and in Come Back Little Sheba. She was nominated for an Academy Award in 1952.
Moore was born on January 7, 1929 in Glendale, California.
Petr Weigl

Petr Weigl (16 March 1939 - 14 July 2018) was a Czech director and playwright. He created a number of short and feature movies for the Czech and Slovak Television, as well as for German public channel ARD and ZDF, British channels BBC and Channel 4. He was twice nominated for the Emmy Award.
Weigl died on 14 July 2018 in Prague at the age of 79.
Spanish broom

Spanish broom (Spartium junceum, syn. Genista juncea), also known as weaver's broom, is a perennial, leguminous shrub that grows in the Mediterranean region in southern Europe, southwest Asia and northwest Africa, where it is found in sunny sites, usually on dry, sandy soils. It is the sole species in the genus Spartium, but is closely related to the other brooms in the genera Cytisus and Genista.
Spanish broom typically grows to 2-4 m tall, rarely 5 m, with main stems up to 5 cm thick, rarely 10 cm.
List of Bangla Academy Literary Award winners (1980s)

Bangla Academy Literary Award is given by Bangla Academy for contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.
In the list below, the winner of the award for each year from 1980 to 1989 is given.
Arnold R. Hirsch

Arnold Richard Hirsch (March 9, 1949 - March 19, 2018) was an American historian. He was born in Rogers Park, Chicago, Illinois. He taught at the University of New Orleans, where he served as Ethel and Herman L. Midlo Endowed Chair for New Orleans Studies. Hirsch published Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940-1960.
Hirsch died on March 19, 2018 of complications from Lewy body dementia in Oak Park, Illinois, aged 69.
John H. Hager

John Henry Hager (August 28, 1936 - August 23, 2020) was an American politician. He was the 37th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia from 1998 to 2002. He was the first person with a disability to be elected to that office.
He was an assistant secretary within the United States Department of Education from 2004 to 2007. He also was the chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia from August 2007 until May 2008.
Hager died on August 23, 2020 at the age of 83.
On a Day Like Today (song)

"On a Day Like Today" is a 1998 song by Bryan Adams and is the title track from his eighth studio album On a Day Like Today. It went to number 13 in the United Kingdom, number 12 in Scotland, number 66 in the Netherlands, number 9 in Hungary, number 19 in New Zealand and number 32 in Switzerland and Austria.
Track listings
Liv Dommersnes

Liv Dommersnes (nee Stromsted 28 September 1922 - 6 April 2014) was a Norwegian actress and reciter of poetry. She was best known for being a member of the group that founded Studioteatret in 1945. She was born in Oslo (then known as Kristiania). She was married to actor Jens Bolling from 1945 to 1952, and to physician Ivar Dommersnes from 1968 until his death in 1994.
Dommersnes died from natural causes on 6 April 2014 in Oslo. She was 91 years old.
Cantaloupe

A cantaloupe (also known as a rockmelon, sweet melon, or spanspek) is a type of fruit. It is a muskmelon that is probably related to the watermelon. There are two types of cantaloupe, European and North American. Cantaloupes range in size from 0.5 to 5.0 kilograms (1.1 to 11 lb).
Types of cantaloupe
The European cantaloupe is oblong with a light green skin.
The North American cantaloupe is round with a thin light brown skin. The flesh of the fruit is firm, orange and sweet.
Nutrition
Cantaloupes are a source of polyphenol antioxidants. These are chemicals which were thought to provide certain health benefits to the cardiovascular and immune systems by regulating the formation of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a key chemical in promoting health of the endothelium and prevention of heart attacks. However, recent research has indicated they do not benefit the body. The body already has ways to deal with oxidation.
Cantaloupes also are an excellent source of vitamin C.
Dirty cantaloupes can spread bacteria. In 2011, 21 people died in the United States from cantaloupes having listeria bacteria. The bad cantaloupes were traced back from around the country to a single farm in Colorado.
Sahih al-Bukhari

Sahih al-Bukhari (), also known as Bukhari Sharif (), is one of the Kutub al-Sittah (six major hadith collections) of Sunni Islam. These hadith, were collected by the Muslim scholar Muhammad al-Bukhari. Among Sunni Muslims, it is considered the most authentic book after the Quran. Sahih al-Bukhari together with Sahih Muslim is known as Sahihayn.
Details
Imam Bukhari, from the age of 16 traveled a lot of places to collect hadith reports. It is reported that he collected nearly 600,000 ahadith in his collection. Experts say that the number of full-isnad sayings mount up to roughly 7,397, and without considering repetitions of the same report, the number of hadith sayings reduces to roughly 2,602.
Gross margin

Gross margin is the difference between revenue and cost of goods sold. In other words, it's a measure of how much profit a company makes from each sale. The higher the gross margin, the more profitable the company.
To calculate gross margin, simply take your total revenue and subtract your total costs. This will give you your gross profit.
From there, divide your gross profit by your total revenue to get your gross margin percentage.
1132

Year 1132 (MCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
June - A fire breaks out in the Song Dynasty Chinese capital of Hangzhou. It destroyed 13,000 homes and forced many to flee to nearby hills. Due to large fires such as this, the government installs an effective fire fighting force for the city. Items such as bamboo, planks, and rush-matting are temporarily exempted from taxation, 120 tons of rice are distributed to the poor, and the government temporarily suspends the housing rent requirement of the city's residents.
July 24 - Battle of Nocera: Ranulf II of Alife defeats Roger II of Sicily.
Dermot MacMurrough has the abbey of Kildare in Ireland burned and the abbess raped. He becomes king of the province of Leinster.
St. Malachy is made bishop of Armagh in Ireland, to impose the Roman liturgy on the independent Irish Church.
Fountains Abbey and Rievaulx Abbey are founded in Yorkshire, Basingwerk Abbey is founded in Wales.
Barnwell Castle is erected in Northamptonshire, England.
The Japanese era Chang Cheng (Choushou) begins.
Tughril II starts his rule of Iraq.
Champa again invades Vietnam.
Under the Song Dynasty, China's first permanent standing navy is established in this year, with the headquarters of the admiral stationed at Dinghai.
Abd al-Mu'min becomes Almohad caliph in North Africa.
Come Away

Come Away is a feature film released in 2020. The film is directed by Brenda Chapman. The film is a homage to the stories of Peter Pan and Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The film was premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 2020. It was hall released in November, 2020 in USA and in December, 2020 in UK.
Background
The film described the main characters from the stories of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Peter Pan as siblings and they were seen to try help their parents overcome the grief of death of their son.
Marcelo Silva Ramos

Marcelo Silva Ramos (born 25 June 1973) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Santa Cruz.
Henry Plumb, Baron Plumb

Charles Henry Plumb, Baron Plumb, DL (27 March 1925 - 15 April 2022) was a British farmer turned politician. He was the leader of the National Farmers Union.
Plumb later became active in the Conservative Party and was elected as a Member of the European Parliament. He served as an MEP from 1979 to 1999, serving as President of the European Parliament from 1987 to 1989, the only Briton to hold the post.
Plumb was made a Life peer as Baron Plumb, of Coleshill in the County of Warwickshire on 6 April 1987. He was also Chancellor of Coventry University between 1995 and 2007 and a founder of leading EU lobbying law firm Alber & Geiger.
Plumb died on 15 April 2022, aged 97.
Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida

Ponte Vedra Beach is an unincorporated seaside community in St. Johns County, Florida, United States.
It is located eighteen miles (29 km) southeast of downtown Jacksonville and north of St. Augustine.
Miracle (song)

"Miracle" is a song by British entertainers Calvin Harris and Ellie Goulding. It was released 10 March 2023.
The song entered at number three on the UK Singles Chart and later topped the chart. It also topped the Irish chart.
Diana Hyland

Diana Hyland (January 25, 1936 - March 27, 1977) was an American television, stage and movie actress. She played Joan Bradford in the television series Eight is Enough. She also played Adrianna Prescott in Happy Days.
Hyland began acting in 1955 at age 19. She appeared in television series, including Eleventh Hour, The Invaders and The Twilight Zone. In Peyton Place, she played Susan Winter.
Hyland was born in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. She died of breast cancer in Los Angeles, California at age 41.
Wierre-Effroy

Wierre-Effroy is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Wind power in the United States

Wind power in the United States is a growing industry. As of 2011, the total installed capacity of was 42,432 megawatts (MW), making it second in the world, behind China. In 2010 wind power accounted for 2.3% of the electricity generated in the United States. This amounted to 94,650 thousand megawatt-hours of electricity.
Driven by state renewable energy mandates, fourteen states have installed over 1,000 MW of wind capacity, and a total of 37 states now have installed at least some large-scale wind power. Texas, with 10,135 MW of capacity, has the most installed wind power capacity of any U.S. state, followed by Iowa with 3,675 MW. The Roscoe Wind Farm (781 MW) in Texas is the largest wind farm in the US as of 2011.
The U.S. wind industry generates tens of thousands of jobs and billions of dollars. Wind projects boost local tax bases, and help the economy of rural communities by providing a steady income stream to farmers with wind turbines on their land. GE Energy is the largest domestic wind turbine manufacturer.
Traffic Cops

Traffic Cops is a British reality TV show narrated by Jamie Theakston. It is about criminals who are seen breaking the law on the road, often in cars. It has been on TV since 2003 and follows police forces in the UK. It is on BBC1 and old shows are on Blighty and Watch.
Domenico Giannace

Domenico Rocco Giannace (21 September 1924 - 28 March 2019), nicknamed "Mingo", was an Italian politician and trade unionist. He was a member of the Communist Party (PCI). He served as a member of the Regional Council of Basilicata from 1980 to 1985. He was also mayor of Pisticci from 1963 to 1965. In May 2003, Giannace was awarded Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic by President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi. He was born in Pisticci, Matera.
Giannace died on 28 March 2019 in Pisticci, at the age of 94.
Thammasat University

Thammasat University (TU) is the second oldest university in Thailand. It was established on June 27, 1934. The university was initially named, by Dr. Pridi Banomyong, 'Vichar Thammasat Lae Karn Muang' - 'The University of Moral Science and Politics'. At that time, there was only Chulalongkorn University in Thailand, so he thought that the university should have people who have knowledge of law, administration and social. It had started out as an open university, with 7,094 people for the first academic year. The main goal of the university's foundation was "to teach students to love and cherish democracy". Only in the year 1952 was the name 'Vichar Thammasat Lae Karn Muang' changed to the present day 'Thammasat University'.
Rust, Baden-Württemberg

Rust is a municipality of the district of Ortenau in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. It is the home of the famous theme park Europa-Park.
Women's freestyle wrestling

In wrestling, there are competitions for men and for women. Female competitors wear a dress which resembles a swimsuit. This dress has been criticized as being too revealing. The discussion that womens' sports dresses are too revealing also is also used for other sports such as beach handball, where Norway's women team was fined, because they refused to wear bikini bottoms, and instead wore shorts, like the male team.
February 31

February 31 or 31 February does not exist in both Julian calendar and Gregorian calendar. It is used on gravestones when the date is never really known.
It is also used (with February 32 and February 33) for weather data.
Alex D. Dickson

Alex Dockery Dickson Jr. (September 9, 1926 - November 14, 2021) was an American Anglican bishop. He was first bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of West Tennessee from 1983 to 1994. He was Bishop in Residence in the Anglican Diocese of South Carolina at the Anglican Church in North America in his last years.
Dickson died on November 14, 2021 in Charleston, South Carolina at the age of 95.
Dieu a besoin des hommes

Dieu a besoin des hommes (God Needs Man) is a 1950 French drama movie directed by Jean Delannoy and starring Antoine Balpetre, Lucienne Bogaert, Charles Bouillaud. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Federal Police Commission

The Federal Police Commission is an Ethiopian federal government law enforcement agency. It was established in 1995 to serve and protect the public from crimes and terrorism. It is the equivalent to the FBI. It has the role to safeguard the constitution provide prosecution for federal crimes and possible help for the public peace at highly volatile times.
Enforcement
The Federal Police is equivalent to the FBI, ATF and other foreign agencies as one whole organization. It has the powers to prosecute criminals by its own and arrest also. They are the main law enforcement agency in the country and can enforce the majority of federal laws throughout the nation. They have taken lead in charging individuals suspected in corruption inside the country from the FEACC.
Structure
There are 16 ranks in the FPC, the last rank is considered the highest rank which is the Commissioner General. The organization is under a parent ministry, the ministry of peace.
Constable; Normal Officer Last in Command
Assistant Sergeant; 16 in Command
Deputy Sergeant; 15 in Command
Sergeant; 14 in Command
Chief Sergeant; 13 in Command
Assistant Inspector; Twelfth in Command
Deputy Inspector; Eleventh in Command
Inspector; Tenth In Command
Chief Inspector; Ninth in Command
Deputy Commander; Eighth in Command
Commander; Seventh in Command
Assistant Commissioner; Sixth in Command
Deputy Commissioner; Fourth in Command
Commissioner; Third in Command
Deputy Commissioner General; Second in Command
Commissioner General: Leader of the Organization.
Endothermic process

An endothermic reaction is a reaction between two elements or compounds that absorbs heat energy.
If more energy is needed to break the bonds than the energy being released, energy is taken up. Therefore, it is an endothermic reaction.
Solnechnogorsk

Solnechnogorsk () is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. In 2010, 52,944 people lived there.
Antonio Carbajal

Antonio Felix "Tota" Carbajal Rodriguez (; 7 June 1929 - 9 May 2023) is a Mexican retired football player. He has played for Mexico national team.
Nuclear chain-reaction

A nuclear chain reaction is a nuclear reaction in which a heavy isotope atom such as uranium or plutonium splits and the neutrons released by the fissioning of that atom strike and split other heavy atoms which, as a result, hit others one after another after another. Chain reactions are the main way of getting nuclear energy. Power plants use a slow chain reaction to make steam. Fast reactions can make a nuclear explosion. Nuclear reactions make ionizing radiation that is harmful to life.
Emil Jones

Emil Jones, Jr. (born October 18, 1935 in Chicago, Illinois) was the President of the Illinois Senate from 2003 to 2009. A Democrat, Jones served in the Illinois Senate from 1983 to 2009, where he served as President of the Illinois Senate from 2003 to the end of his term. He was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1973 until 1983.
Jones was born in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Loop Junior College (now Harold Washington College) and at Roosevelt University. He was married twice. His first wife, Patricia Jones died. He had four children with her. He is now married to Lorrie Jones.
North Rona

North Rona is an island in Scotland. It is in the Inner Hebrides.
It has an area of 109 hectares (270 acres). The maximum elevation is 108 metres (354 ft). No people live on the island.
Jehovah's Witnesses in Sweden

The Jehovah's Witnesses in Sweden () is part of the international Jehovah's Witnesses religion. It has been around in Sweden since 1909. In the past, its headquarters were in Arboga. Later, the headquarters were moved to Denmark in 2012.
University of Lagos

The University of Lagos, popularly known as UNILAG, is a public research university in Lagos, Nigeria. It is one of the five first generation universities in Nigeria. It was founded in 1962.
It is seen as one of the top universities in the world in major education publications. The University has three Campuses, two in Yaba and the other in Surulere. Its main campus is largely surrounded by the Lagos lagoon.
The University of Lagos admits over 9,000 Undergraduate students annually and enrolls over 57,000 students.
Equations for a falling body

A set of equations describe the paths in which objects move because of the gravitational force under Earth. Newton's law of universal gravitation simplifies to F = mg, where m is the mass of the body. This is reasonable for objects falling to earth over the short vertical distances of our everyday experience, but is untrue over larger distances, such as spacecraft orbits. Earth gravitational acceleration is 9.8 m/s2
Equations of physics
Bagmati River

The Bagmati River is a river in Bagmati Zone of Nepal. It is a holy river for both Hindus and Buddhists. This river flows through Kathmandu valley. Many temples can be seen in the bank of this river. Pashupatinath temple is also at the bank of this river. Due to large population of the cities this river is very polluted.
Vyacheslav Trubnikov

Vyacheslav Ivanovich Trubnikov (; April 25, 1944 - April 18, 2022) was a Russian journalist, political scientist, intelligence officer, and diplomat. He worked as the Director of Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia) and was a First Deputy of Foreign Minister of Russia. In 2004, he was nominated as the Ambassador of Russia to India by President Vladimir Putin.
He was a Senior Network Member at the European Leadership Network (ELN).
Erumakkadu

Erumakkadu is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India.
Demographics
Malayalam is the native language of Erumakkadu.
Politics
Erumakkadu is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency.
Climate
The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year.
Transportation
The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC).
Palk Strait

Palk Strait is a strait between the Tamil Nadu state of India and the Mannar district of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It connects the Bay of Bengal in the northeast with the Palk Bay and then with the Gulf of Mannar in the southwest. The strait is wide. Several rivers flow into it, including the Vaigai River of Tamil Nadu. The strait is named after Robert Palk. He was a governor of Madras Presidency (1755-1763) during the Company Raj period.
Geography
On the southern end of the strait is a chain of low islands and reef shoals. These are called Adam's Bridge. This chain goes between Dhanushkodi on Pamban Island and Mannar Island in Sri Lanka.
The shallow waters and reefs of the strait make it difficult for large ships to pass through.
Televisión Nacional de Chile

Television Nacional de Chile (TVN), is a company in Chile. It broadcasts in the Chilean territories and other countries on television and the Internet.
The Wishing Tree (movie)

The Wishing Tree (, , ) is a 1974 Georgian drama movie directed by Tengiz Abuladze and was based on the short stories by Giorgi Leonidze. It stars Lika Kavzharadze, Kakhi Kavsadze, Zaza Kolelishvili, Sofiko Chiaureli, Erosi Manjgaladze.
List of volcanoes in Azerbaijan

This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Azerbaijan.
Andalusite

Andalusite is an aluminium nesosilicate mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO5. At higher temperatures and pressures, andalusite may convert to sillimanite. Andalusite is an index mineral: it gives clues to the depth and pressures the host rock went through in the past.
Laigny

Laigny is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Paul Findley

Paul Findley (June 23, 1921 - August 9, 2019) was an American politician. He was a United States Representative from Illinois. He represented its 20th District.
A member of the Republican, he was first elected in 1960. Findley lost his seat in 1982 to future United States Senator Dick Durbin. He was a cofounder of the Council for the National Interest, a Washington, D.C. advocacy group, and a board member of If Americans Knew.
Findley died on August 9, 2019 at a hospital in Jacksonville, Illinois from congestive heart failure at the age of 98.
Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues

Eduardo Luis Barreto Ferro Rodrigues (born 3 November 1949) is a Portuguese politician and economist who has been President of the Assembly of the Republic since 2015, in the 13th (2015-2019) and 14th Legislatures (2019-present). He was Minister for Social Security, and later Minister for Public Works, in the governments of Antonio Guterres.
Izon

Izon is a commune in Aquitaine in the Gironde department in southwest France.
George Acosta

George Acosta (born 1972) is an American DJ. "A State of Mind" is one of his albums. He was nominated for America's Best DJ in 2013.
Fyodor Cherenkov

Fyodor Fyodorovich Cherenkov () (25 July 1959 -- 4 October 2014) was a Soviet and Russian football midfielder. He played for Spartak Moscow (1977-90 and 1991-94) and Red Star Football Club (1990-91). Cherenkov made 34 appearances for USSR national football team, scoring 12 goals. He was born in Moscow, Russia.
Cherenkov died in Moscow, Russia, aged 55.
Giromagny

Giromagny is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Territoire de Belfort department in northeast France.
Asshole

Asshole (or arsehole in British English) is slang for the anus and is also used as a word to hurt people's feelings. It's made up from the word arse, which has been used for a long time as another name for the anus. This was first added to the word hole in the sixteenth century in books, but may have been used in talking a long time before that. By the 1970s, Hustler magazine featured people they did not like as "Asshole of the month."
How it is used
Asshole is mainly used as a bad word towards someone that the speaker does not like.
You could not say "asshole" on normal television in the US until the early 1990s, but it was sometimes in PG-13 and R rated films before this.
Political usage
In 2000, during a Labor Day event, George W. Bush made an off-hand remark to his running mate, Dick Cheney, that New York Times reporter Adam Clymer was a "major league asshole."
Rock songs using the word asshole
Gene Simmons of rock band Kiss released a solo album called Asshole which also featured a song of the same name. Denis Leary also had a song called Asshole in 1993.
Similar words
Words similar to asshole are asshat, assclown, asstard, asspat and asspit.
The Dead Zone (movie)

The Dead Zone is a 1983 American science fiction thriller movie directed by David Cronenberg and was based on the 1979 novel of the same name by Stephen King. It stars Christopher Walken, Tom Skerritt, Brooke Adams, Herbert Lom, Anthony Zerbe, Colleen Dewhurst, Martin Sheen and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
1338

Events
Hundred Years' War: Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor appoints Edward III of England as a vicar-general of the Holy Roman Empire. Louis supports Edward's claim to the French throne under the terms of the Treaty of Koblenz.
Philip VI of France besieges Guienne in Southwest France and his navy attacks Portsmouth in England.
Ashikaga Takauji granted title of Shogun by the emperor of Japan.
Nicomedia is captured by the Ottoman Empire.
Injustice: Gods Among Us

Injustice: Gods Among Us is a fighting video game. It was developed by NetherRealm Studios and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. It is the first main game in the Injustice series based on characters from DC Comics.
Sant Ravidas Nagar district

Sant Ravidas Nagar () is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
God's Plan (song)

"God's Plan" is a song recorded by Canadian musician Drake. It was the first single from his EP, Scary Hours (2018) and from his album, Scorpion (2018). The song entered at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States. It stayed there for 11 weeks and became his fourth number-one hit. He later broke a record when his song "Nice for What" also entered at the top, making Drake the only artist to replace their number-one entry with another number-one entry.
The song finished as the number-one song of 2018 in the United States. It is only the third song that entered at number one and was at the top of the year-end charts in the US, after "Candle in the Wind 1997/Something About the Way You Look Tonight" by Elton John and "Shape of You" by Ed Sheeran.
Music video
The music video began with the titles, "The budget for this video was $996,631.90. We gave it all away. Don't tell the label..."
The money was given to various people, including some fans. As of May 2018, the video has received over 581 million YouTube views.
John Napier

John Napier (he also signed as Neper, and Nepair) 1550 - 4 April 1617) was a Scottish landowner, nicknamed "Marvellous Merchiston". He was a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He was the 8th Laird of Merchiston. His Latinized name was Ioannes Neper.
John Napier is best known as the discoverer of logarithms and Napier's constant. He also invented the so-called "Napier's bones" and made common the use of the decimal point in arithmetic and mathematics.
The Sweet Escape

The Sweet Escape is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani, released on December 1, 2006 by Interscope Records.
Track listing
Notes
signifies an additional producer
signifies a co-producer
signifies an additional vocal producer
"Wind It Up" contains interpolations from the composition "The Lonely Goatherd", written by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein.
Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Sweet Escape.
Gamal El-Ghitani

Gamal el-Ghitani, (9 May 1945 - 18 October 2015) was an Egyptian author of historical and political novels and cultural and political commentaries. He was the editor-in-chief of the literary periodical Akhbar Al-Adab ("Cultural News") from 2011 until his death in 2015.
He died on 18 October 2015 at the El Galaa Hospital For Armed Forces Officers Families in Cairo from a heart attack, aged 70.
Janusz Głowacki

Janusz Andrzej Glowacki (13 September 1938 - 19 August 2017) was a Polish-American playwright, essayist and screenwriter. He was born in Poznan, Poland.
His best known works include Antigone in New York, Fortinbras Gets Drunk, The Fourth Sister, and Hunting Cockroaches. He has won many awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship, the Jurzykowski Prize, the Tony Cox Award and the Czeslaw Milosz Award.
Glowacki died on 19 August 2017 in New York City, New York at the age of 78.
Stop the War Coalition

The Stop the War Coalition (StWC; informally Stop the War) is a British group created on 21 September 2001, shortly after the September 11 attacks. It was created to campaign against what it believes are unjust wars.
The group has campaigned against the wars that are part of the "War on Terror" of the United States and its allies. It has campaigned against the war in Afghanistan and the Iraq War. The demonstration against the Iraq War on 15 February 2003 was organised with Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and the Muslim Association of Britain (MAB). It is claimed to be the largest public demonstration in British history.
Stop the War has been accused of supporting Bashar al-Assad in Syria, and the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014.
Darkseid

Darkseid (pronounced "Darkside") is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer-artist Jack Kirby, the character made a cameo appearance in Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen #134 (Dec. 1970) before making his full first appearance in Forever People #1 (Feb. 1971).
As the tyrannical ruler of the planet Apokolips, Darkseid's ultimate goal is to conquer the universe and eliminate all free will. One of the most powerful beings in the DC Universe, the character became a staple Superman villain and a major enemy of the Justice League. Darkseid was ranked number 6 on IGN's top 100 comic book villains of all time and number 23 on Wizard's 100 greatest villains of all time.
The character has been substantially adapted into various forms of media, most notably being voiced by Frank Welker in Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show and The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians, by Michael Ironside in the DC animated universe, and by Andre Braugher in Superman/Batman: Apocalypse.
After being referenced multiple times in the DC Extended Universe, Darkseid made his live-action debut in the movie Zack Snyder's Justice League with Ray Porter playing him in 2021.
Minions: The Rise of Gru

Minions: The Rise of Gru (also called Minions 2: The Rise of Gru) is a 2022 American computer-animated comedy movie directed by Kyle Balda. It is the sequel to to the spin-off prequel Minions (2015) and the fifth entry overall in the Despicable Me franchise.
Minions: The Rise of Gru was released in the United States on July 1, 2022, by Universal Studios.
Plot
Set just after the events of the first film, this time in the early 1970s, a 12-year-old Gru is growing up in the suburbs. A fanboy of a supervillain group known as the Vicious 6, Gru hatches a plan to become evil enough to join them. When the Vicious 6 fire their leader, legendary fighter Wild Knuckles, Gru interviews to become their newest member.
It does not go well, and things only get worse after Gru steals a precious stone from them with the help of Kevin, Stuart, Bob, and Otto. The other Minions suddenly finds himself the mortal enemy of the apex of evil. On the run, Gru and the Minions will turn to an unlikely source for guidance, Wild Knuckles himself, and discover that even bad guys need a little help from their friends.
Voice cast
Pierre Coffin as Kevin, Stuart, Bob, Otto, and the rest of the Minions
Steve Carell as Gru
Taraji P. Henson as Belle Bottom, the leader of The Vicious 6.
Michelle Yeoh as Master Chow
RZA as a biker Otto befriends on his way to San Francisco
Jean-Claude Van Damme as Jean Clawed, the giant lobster clawed member of The Vicious 6.
Lucy Lawless as Nunchuck, the nun member of The Vicious 6.
Dolph Lundgren as Svengeance, a member of The Vicious 6.
Danny Trejo as Stronghold, a member of The Vicious 6.
Russell Brand as Dr. Nefario, an absent-minded scientist who eventually becomes Gru's assistant in the future.
Julie Andrews as Marlena, Gru's mother
Lori Alan as Madeleine, Gru's Grandmother, the Curel Grandma
Alan Arkin as Wild Knuckles, the former leader of The Vicious 6.
Additionally, Will Arnett, Steve Coogan and Michael Beattie reprise their respective roles as Mr. Perkins, a bank worker who later becomes the president of the Bank of Evil; Silas Ramsbottom, an agent who later becomes the director of the Anti-Villain League; and the VNC announcer from the Minions film. Beattie also voices Guru Pick. Jimmy O. Yang, Kevin Michael Richardson and John DiMaggio voice three of Wild Knuckles' goons, and Raymond S. Persi voices Brad, a birthday kid to whom Otto trades the stone for a pet rock.
Lo Yueh-ying

Lo Yueh-ying (born 7 January 1970) is a Taiwanese taekwondo athlete. She won at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, in the finweight event.
At the Asian Taekwondo Championships she became Asian champion in 1994 after winning the silver medal in 1992.
Bret Iwan

Brett Alexander "Bret" Iwan (born September 10, 1982 in Pasadena, California) is an American voice actor and illustrator. He is the fourth and current voice of Mickey Mouse. He started doing that voice after the death of Wayne Allwine, who did the voice before. He first recorded Mickey Mouse dialogue for Disney's Animal Kingdom theme park. He also recorded it for 2009 Disney On Ice: Celebrations, and Disney Live: Rockin' Road Show.
Allan Hunter (footballer)

Allan Hunter (born 30 June 1946 in Northern Ireland) is a former Northern Irish football player.
He was a defender. He also spent most of his career at Ipswich Town. He made over 350 appearances in eleven years.
Charophyceae

The Charophyceae are the green algae closest to plants.
Their exact rank is the matter of some debate. Some botanists recommend expanding the existing plant kingdom to include charophyceans and chlorophytes.
Others classify Charophyceae as a class under division Charophyta, with Chlorophyta remaining a distinct division. There are also other possibilities.
The consensus among botanists is that charophyceans are the organisms most closely related to land plants (embryophytes).
Many of the complex plant traits related to sexual reproduction evolved first in charophyceans. Analysis of cpDNA (chloroplast DNA) shows that characteristics of plant chloroplasts also evolved first in the charophyceans, before the Zygnematales diverged from the lineage that lead to Coleochaetales, Charales, and the land plants.
Sauvillers-Mongival

Sauvillers-Mongival is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Rudeus Greyrat

is the protagonist of the novel series Mushoku Tensei by Rifujin na Magonote. A 34-year-old Japanese NEET is kicked out by his siblings after his parents' death. Feeling his life is pointless, he saves a group of teenagers from a speeding truck and dies. He is then reborn as a baby in a world of sword and sorcery and decides to live his second life to the fullest as Rudeus Greyrat. With inherited affinity for magic and training, he becomes skilled and embarks on a journey to enjoy life and overcome his past. In the Japanese version, Tomokazu Sugita voices his inner thoughts, while Yumi Uchiyama voices the reborn Rudeus. In the English dub, Ben Phillips and Madeleine Morris provide the voices. Critical response to Rudeus is mixed, with some finding his early interactions with young female characters excessively perverted or pedophilic, while others appreciate his growth into a more mature man later on in the show.
Articles containing Japanese-language text
Lion of Kea

The Lion of Kea is the name of a gigantic archaic sculpture of a guardian lion, chiselled from a single block of local limestone. It was most likely done in the 6th century BC, when the island of Kea, Greece, was known as Cheos.
Very little else is known about this 9 m long sculpture, which even today stands in situ near the village of Ioulida.
Büttikon

Buttikon is a municipality of the district Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Konstantin Chuychenko

Konstantin Anatolyevich Chuychenko (; born 12 July 1965) is a Russian politician, businessman, and lawyer. He is the Minister of Justice since 21 January 2020. He was Deputy Prime Minister of Russia and Chief of Staff of the Government from 2018 to 2020.
Chef (movie)

Chef is a 2014 American comedy-drama movie. It was directed, written and produced by Jon Favreau. It stars Favreau, Robert Downey, Jr., Scarlett Johansson, Sofia Vergara, Dustin Hoffman, Oliver Platt, and John Leguizamo. It was released on May 9, 2014 to positive reviews.
Archibald MacLeish

Archibald MacLeish (May 7, 1892 - April 20, 1982) was an American poet and writer. He worked for Fortune from 1929 to 1938. For five years, MacLeish was the ninth Librarian of Congress, nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. From 1949 to 1962, he was a professor at Harvard University. He was awarded three Pulitzer Prizes for his work.
Pierce County

Pierce County is the name of five counties in the United States:
Pierce County, Georgia
Pierce County, Nebraska
Pierce County, North Dakota
Pierce County, Washington
Pierce County, Wisconsin
Innernzell

Innernzell is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria in Germany.
Bahamian dollar

The dollar (sign: $; code: BSD) has been the currency of The Bahamas since 1966. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $. Sometimes it is abbreviated B$ to show it is different from other dollars. It is divided into 100 cents.
Hard Asphalt

Hard Asphalt () is a 1986 Norwegian drama movie directed by Solve Skagen and starring Frank Kong, Kristin Kajander, Marianne Nielsen, Morten Faldaas, Liv Heloe, Tone Schwarzott, Tom Tellefsen.
Carlos Luis Fallas

Carlos Luis Fallas Sibaja (January 21, 1909 - May 7, 1966), was known as Calufa. He was a Costa Rican author and political activist. He was born in Alajuela to a single mother. Fallas only finished the first two years of secondary school. He moved to Limon. There he worked in the banana plantations of the United Fruit Company. Later, he returned to Alajuela at the age of 22 and found work as a shoemaker.
Johanna Braddy

Johanna Braddy Is An American Actress & Singer.
David Karnes

David Kemp Karnes (December 12, 1948 - October 25, 2020) was an American Republican politician, businessman, and attorney. He was a United States Senator from Nebraska from 1987 to 1989. He was president and chief executive officer of The Fairmont Group Incorporated. Karnes was born in Omaha, Nebraska.
In 2019, Karnes was diagnosed with skin cancer. He died on October 25, 2020 from the disease in Boston, Massachusetts at the age of 71.
Ergersheim, Bas-Rhin

Ergersheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France. The main sights are the chapel of Saint Michel and the church of Saint Nicolas.
Kohei Usui

Kohei Usui (born 16 July 1979) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare.
Royal Surrey Gardens

The Royal Surrey Gardens were gardens in Kennington, London, during the Victorian period. It was the site of Surrey Zoological Gardens and Surrey Music Hall.
Chess Olympiad

Chess Olympiads are chess events open to all national teams. They have been run since 1927 by the world chess organisation, FIDE. Since 1950, they have been run every two years. Earlier events were all-play-all. Then, as numbers grew, a system of qualifying sections were used. In recent times, the format has been a Swiss system. This, in chess terms, is a method whereby opponents are chosen each round to have similar scores. It has been widely used for individual tournaments.
Recognised sport
Chess is a recognized sport by the International Olympic Committee with FIDE being the recognized International Sports Federation for chess since June 1999.
As a member of the International Olympic Committee, FIDE adheres to its rules, including controversially having doping tests. The prospects of chess becoming an Olympic sporting event at some future date remain unclear. The naming of FIDE's team championship as the "Chess Olympiad" is of historical origin and implies no connection between this event and the Olympic Games.
The next Chess Olympiad will be held in 2014 in Norway.
Shit

Shit is a slang word for feces. Shit is a swear word (an offensive, rude, or impolite word) to most English speakers. It can mean bad things other than feces, depending on the context. It can be used as an angry exclamation, which is something said loudly or with strong emotion. It can be an adjective that means low quality or worthless. It can be a verb that means to produce feces (poop). The related form bullshit is a slang word with meanings that include nonsense and lies.
The general etymology of this is from the three words (of different languages): Old English "scitte", Dutch "schijiten", German "schiessen".
Buissy

Buissy is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Alhamra Arts Council

The Alhamra Theatre Complex or the Alhamra Arts Council Cultural Complex or Alhamra Art Galleries and Hall is a multi-purpose cultural theatre and performing arts venue in Lahore, Pakistan. It was completed in 1992. It is situated on The Mall, a big old avenue from British Indian times.
The Council also has a new venue of the same type, named the Alhamra Gadaffi Stadium Complex, which is located near Lahore's main sports stadium and which was made more recently.
Ludwig Bründl

Ludwig "Bubi" Brundl (born 23 November 1946) is a retired German footballer. He played eight seasons in the German Bundesliga between 1965 and 1975. He won a Bundesliga title in 1966 with TSV 1860 Munchen, although he made 0 appearences.
New Mills

New Mills is a town in Derbyshire, England. It is eight miles from Stockport. It is by the rivers Goyt and Sett. It is very near the county of Cheshire. It has a population of 10,000.
Douglas Pipes

Douglas Pipes is an American film score composer whose feature films include the Academy Award-nominated Monster House, the horror film Trick 'r Treat, and the Christmas comedy-horror film Krampus.
Influences
Pipes stated composers like Jerry Goldsmith, Alan Menken, James Newton Howard, Elmer Bernstein, Alan Silvestri, James Horner, Michael Giacchino, Henry Mancini, Danny Elfman, Leonard Bernstein, John Williams, Hans Zimmer, Marc Shaiman, Rachel Portman, David Newman, Brian Tyler, Christopher Young, John Barry, Bruce Broughton, Randy Newman, John Powell, Maurice Jarre, Ennio Morricone, Joe Hisaishi, Elliot Goldenthal, Trevor Horn, John Powell, Mychael Danna, Alexandre Desplat, Buddy Baker, Kevin Kiner, Rolfe Kent, Thomas Newman, Bill Conti, Lalo Schifrin, Dave Grusin, Howard Ashman, J.A.C. Redford and Joel McNeely as influences.
Hookah

A hookah is a type of glass water pipe used to smoke tobacco, or special hookah-tobacco called "shisha". It can also be used for smoking herbal fruits.
The hookah gained popularity under the reign of the Ottoman Dynasty. A hookah operates by water filtration and indirect heat.
History
The hookah has origins in Arabia, Persia, Turkey, India and ancient China. Ancient Persian paintings depict people smoking hookahs. In the early 19th century, Hookahs became popular with rich men, who often smoked them wearing smoking caps or fezzes and smoking jackets.
The more colloquial terms "hubble-bubble" and "hubbly-bubbly" may be used in the region surrounding the Red Sea.
The archaic form of this latter Indian name hookah is most commonly used in English for historical reasons. It was in India that many English-speakers first sampled the effects of the water pipe. The writer William Hickey wrote in his Memoirs that shortly after his arrival in Calcutta (now Kolkata), India in 1775:
Smoking the hookah
The jar at the bottom of the hookah is filled with water sufficient to submerge a few inches of the body tube, which is sealed tightly to it. Deeper water will only increase the inhalation force needed to use it. Tobacco or tobacco-free molasses are placed inside the bowl at the top of the hookah. Often the bowl is covered with perforated tin foil or a metal screen and coal placed on top. The foil or screen separates the coal and the tobacco, which minimizes inhalation of coal ash with the smoke and reduces the temperature the tobacco is exposed to, in order to prevent burning the tobacco directly.
When one inhales through the hose, air is pulled through the charcoal and into the bowl holding the tobacco. The hot air, heated by the charcoal vaporizes the tobacco without burning it.
The vapor is passed down through the body tube that extends into the water in the jar. It bubbles up through the water, losing heat, and fills the top part of the jar, to which the hose is attached. When a smoker inhales from the hose, smoke passes into the lungs, and the change in pressure in the jar pulls more air through the charcoal, continuing the process.
The hookah in modern times
Hookahs are widely used today. At parties, some people choose to smoke a hookah and spread it around for others to use. Hookah bars are places where people can meet up and smoke hookahs. Nowadays, hookahs appear in numerous designs, shapes, and sizes, from classic Egyptian look to modern and futuristic.
Health
A 2005 WHO report states that smoking using a waterpipe poses a serious potential health hazard and is not a safe alternative to cigarette smoking. The average hookah session typically lasts more than 40 minutes, and consists of 50 to 200 inhalations that each range from 0.15 to 0.50 liters of smoke. In an hour-long smoking session of hookah, users consume about 100 to 200 times the volume of smoke of a cigarette.
Anti-capitalism

Anti-capitalism describes a wide variety of movements, ideas, and attitudes which oppose capitalism, toward social equality or environmentalism. Anti-capitalists, in the strict sense of the word, are those who wish to completely replace capitalism with another system; however, there are also ideas which can be characterized as partially anti-capitalist in the sense that they only wish to replace or abolish certain aspects of capitalism rather than the entire system.
Statue of Liberty National Monument

The Statue of Liberty National Monument is a national monument of the United States. It is made up of two islands: Ellis Island and Liberty Island. The Statue of Liberty is included because it is on Liberty Island.
This national monument was created in 1924. At first, it included only the Statue of Liberty. In 1965, Ellis Island was added. In 1966, Liberty Island was added.
Aruna Miller

Aruna Miller (nee Katragadda; November 6, 1964) is an Indian-born American politician who is the Lieutenant Governor of Maryland. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 2010 to 2019.
Aruna ran for the United States House of Representatives in 2018 to represent Maryland's 6th congressional district, and lost the Democratic primary to David Trone.
In December 2021, Wes Moore chose Miller as his lieutenant governor pick in the Democratic primary of the 2022 election.
Saint-Gilles, Gard

Saint-Gilles is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Gard department in south France.
The abbey of Saint-Gilles was founded during the 7th century traditionally by the hermit Saint Giles (Latin: AEgidius).
It was the birthplace of Guy Foulques, Pope Clement IV (died 1268), whose birth house is now a museum of the archaeology, ethnology and ornithology of the Camargue.