kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Newfoundland dog

The Newfoundland is a large breed of dog that originated in Newfoundland. They were first used by fishermen and sailors to carry goods and would jump overboard to save people from drowning. Newfoundlands are great swimmers because of their waterproof fur, their webbed feet and their strong muscles.
The Newfoundland is a very large dog breed, standing 26-28 inches (66-71 cm) and weighing 100-150 pounds (45-68 kg). The largest Newfoundland found was 72 inches (180 cm) long and weighed 160 pounds (73 kg). Their coat of fur is usually long and a black, brown or gray color. Their facial hair is very short. The head is very large and the face is smooth with few wrinkles. The ears are long and wide, and reach below the jaw. The neck is strong and muscular. The Newfoundland's chest is large and wide with a large lung capacity. Because Newfoundlands are excellent swimmers, their thighs are very strong and muscular and their feet are tight. Their tail is very strong and is important for them to swim well.
Newfoundlands can suffer from a lot of health problems. They are the fifth most likely breed to have hip dysplasia. Newfoundlands can have problems with cystinuria in a similar way to humans. Newfoundlands can inherit subvalvular aortic stenosis, a trait which hurts the heart.
Newfoundlands are known to be very gentle and loyal dogs. Because of their protective nature for children, Newfoundlands have been used as watchdogs. They have very thick fur so owners need to brush it once a week.
Saint-Thurien, Finistère

Saint-Thurien () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
George Sakato

George Taro Sakato (February 19, 1921 - December 2, 2015) was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.
Early life
Sakato was born in Colton, California. His parents were immigrants from Japan. He was a Nisei, which means that he was a second generation Japanese-American.
He graduated from Redlands High School in Redlands, California.
The Sakato family moved to Arizona during World War II to avoid internment.
Soldier
Sakato joined the US Army in March 1944.
He volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team. This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.
For his actions in October 1944, Sakato was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC). In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II. Sakato's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, he was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.
Medal of Honor citation
Sakato's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in northern France in 1944. He charged an enemy stronghold. Then he took command of his platoon and led it in defense of the position.
The words of Sakato's citation explain:
Private George T. Sakato distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 29 October 1944, on hill 617 in the vicinity of Biffontaine, France. After his platoon had virtually destroyed two enemy defense lines, during which he personally killed five enemy soldiers and captured four, his unit was pinned down by heavy enemy fire. Disregarding the enemy fire, Private Sakato made a one-man rush that encouraged his platoon to charge and destroy the enemy strongpoint. While his platoon was reorganizing, he proved to be the inspiration of his squad in halting a counter-attack on the left flank during which his squad leader was killed. Taking charge of the squad, he continued his relentless tactics, using an enemy rifle and P-38 pistol to stop an organized enemy attack. During this entire action, he killed 12 and wounded two, personally captured four and assisted his platoon in taking 34 prisoners. By continuously ignoring enemy fire, and by his gallant courage and fighting spirit, he turned impending defeat into victory and helped his platoon complete its mission. Private Sakato's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.
Death
Sakato died in Denver, Colorado on December 2, 2015 at the age of 94.
National Deep Fried Clams Day

National Deep Fried Clams Day is a national holiday celebrating the process of deep frying and consuming clams.
The holiday is observed on November 1st every year. It is common for people to cook and serve clams on this day.
History
The first deep fried clams were made in Essex, Massachusetts, on July 3rd, 1916. The creator, Lawrence Henry Woodman, owned a small restaurant, where he sold the fried clams to passersby. The food quickly spread around the country and gained attention. Today, National Deep Fried Clams Day is celebrated on November 1st. It is unknown why it is this day rather than July 3rd.
Customs
It is customary to deep fry and serve clams on this day, battering and breading them to form a dish of "clam strips." As well as this, a more modern method of celebrating is to post #DeepFriedClamsDay on social media.
Ernst Dokupil

Ernst Dokupil (born 24 April 1947) is a retired Austrian footballer and coach.
Career
Dokupil started his career with SC Wacker Wien and after merging for FC Admira/Wacker. After one year with 1. Simmeringer SC he went to SK Rapid Wien. 1976 he went back to Simmering where he played to seasons.
Major scale

In music theory, the major scale or Ionian scale is one of the diatonic scales. It is made up of seven separate notes, plus an eighth which is the same as the first an octave higher. In solfege these notes correspond to the syllables "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Ti/Si, Do". The simplest major scale to write or play on the piano is C major, the only major scale not to require sharps or flats, using only the white keys on the piano keyboard:
Shape
A major scale is a set of steps in the order "Whole:Whole:Half:Whole:Whole:Whole:Half" (tone, tone, semitone, tone, tone, tone, semitone). Western scales do not skip any line or space on the staff, and they do not repeat any note with a different accidental. This means that the key signature of the scale will feature just sharps or just flats.
Names of scale degrees
1st - Tonic- key note
2nd - Supertonic
3rd - Mediant
4th - Subdominant
5th - Dominant
6th - Submediant
7th - Leading Tone
8th - Tonic ( or Octave)
The circle of fifths
The Circle of Fifths was first described in 1728 by Johann David Heinichen in his book Der General-bass. It has been used ever since as a way to show the relations between scales.
The numbers inside the circle show the number of sharps or flats in the key signature, with the sharp keys going clockwise, and the flat keys counterclockwise from C major (which has no sharps or flats.) The circle depends on enharmonic relationships in the circle, which is six sharps or flats for the major keys of F = G and D = E for minor keys (Drabkin 2001). Seven sharps or flats make major keys (C major and C major) that are more easy to spell with five flats or sharps (as D major or B major).
Harmonic properties
The major scale is used more often than the minor scale in Western music because of its unique harmonic properties. For example, the major third is much stronger in the harmonic series (it is the 5th, 10th and 20th harmonic - see below) than the minor third (the 19th harmonic).
Bambuco

Bambuco is a type of music from Colombia. The beat of this music is like the European waltz or polska. Bambuco is often folk music. There is a dance that goes with Bambuco music. It is a group dance and has a 6/8 or 3/4 meter.
Sometimes Bambuco is called "el bambuco". People think Bambuco started in Africa. It is popular in the Andean region of Colombia and throughout Latin America.
Frank B. Kellogg

Frank Billings Kellogg (December 22, 1856 - December 21, 1937) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman. He served in the United States Senate and as United States Secretary of State. Kellogg was part of a group who wrote the Kellogg-Briand Pact also known as the World Peace Act. For this, he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1929.
Ann Mitchell

Ann Mitchell (born 22 April 1939) is a British actress. She was born in London. She became known in the 1980s when she starred as Dolly Rawlins in the crime series Widows as well as the sequels Widows 2 and She's Out.
In 2011, she was cast as Cora Cross in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. She also starred as Mrs. Warren in Mrs. Warren's Profession and her Laurence Olivier Award nominated performance in Through the Leaves.
Don't Panic (Coldplay song)

"Don't Panic" is a single by British rock band Coldplay.
The single was recorded in 1996. Coldplay released the single off the hit studio album called Parachutes which was released on July 10, 2000.
Lifestylez ov da Poor & Dangerous

Lifestylez ov da Poor & Dangerous is the first studio album by American rapper, Big L. Lifestylez ov da Poor & Dangerous was released on March 28, 1995 through Columbia Records. The album featured the singles "Put It On", "M.V.P.", and "No Endz, No Skinz".
The album first appeared on the Billboard 200 at #149. It reached at #22 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Since August 2000, It has sold over 200,000 copies since August 2000
The album was well received. The Source gave the album 4 out of 5 mics and said "[Big L] comes with ill animated lyrics, combined with metaphors that stun; a combo sure to have suckas on the run".
Salem, Connecticut

Salem is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 4,213 at the 2020 census.
Michelle Kwan

Michelle Kwan (born July 7, 1980) is a retired American figure skater and diplomat. She has won five world championships and nine U.S. championships. She has been the United States Ambassador to Belize since 2022.
Birth and childhood
Michelle Kwan was born on July 7, 1980, in Torrance, California. Kwan showed interest in figure stating when she followed Ron and Karen, her brother and sister, onto the ice, saying that all she could remember was "every day, tying up my skates and a big smile on my face, excited to go on the ice". She attended public school until eighth grade, when she began being homeschooled in 1994.
Junior world champion
Kwan won the world junior championship in 1994. The same year, at the age of 13, she came in the top 10 in the world senior championship. She became world champion in 1996, when she was 15.
Diplomatic career
On December 15, 2021, President Joe Biden announced that he planned to nominate Kwan to be United States Ambassador to Belize.
Royal Parker

Royal Pollokoff (April 8, 1929 - January 8, 2016), better known by the stage name Royal Parker, was an American television personality. He began his career in the 1940s and would last until his retirement during the 1990s. He appeared in many roles on television, becoming a staple on television screens.
Parker was born in Baltimore, Maryland He studied at Baltimore City College. Parker began his career in radio. During his career he announced Dwight D. Eisenhower's victory in the U.S. presidential election, 1952, the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon's resignation, the Iran hostage crisis and the near assassination of Ronald Reagan.
After leaving broadcasting, he ran for a seat in the Maryland House of Delegates in 1994, but lost in the primary election.
Parker died of congestive heart failure in Pikesville, Maryland at the age of 86.
Tom Fink

Thomas A. Fink (August 26, 1928 - June 4, 2021) was an American Republican politician. He was born in Peoria, Illinois. He was Mayor of Anchorage from 1987 to 1994. In 1966, he was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives. In 1973, Fink was elected as the State House Speaker. He resigned in 1975.
Fink was also a member of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board after being appointed by President George W. Bush.
Fink died on June 4, 2021 at a hospital in Anchorage from heart failure, aged 92.
Gonten

Gonten District is a district in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in
Switzerland.
Josh McCown

Joshua Treadwell McCown (born July 4, 1979 in Jacksonville, Texas) is an American football quarterback for the New York Jets of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the third round of the 2002 NFL Draft. He played college football at Sam Houston State. McCown was named Player of the Week during his time with the Hartford Colonials of the United Football League in 2010.
Appalachian English

Appalachian English is a dialect of the English language. It is spoken in the Appalachian Mountains region. Research suggests it is one of the most unique dialects in the United States.
Since the 1930s, a lot of research has been done to figure out where the dialect came from. One theory is that the dialect is a remnant of Elizabethan (or Shakespearean) English that had been preserved by the region's isolation. Another theory suggests that the dialect developed out of the Scots-Irish and Anglo-Scottish border dialects brought to the region by some of its earliest British Isles settlers, who were from the border of Scotland and England.
Recent research suggests that Appalachian English developed as a uniquely American dialect as early settlers adapted English to their unfamiliar frontier environment. This is supported by many similarities between the Appalachian dialect and Colonial American English.
Allan Clarke (singer)

Harold Allan Clarke (born 5 April 1942) is a retired English pop rock singer. He was one of the founding members and the original lead singer of The Hollies. He retired from performing in 1999. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010.
Christian (footballer, born 1975)

Christian Correa Dionisio (born 23 April 1975) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Portuguesa Desportos.
Vascular dementia

Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. It is a type of dementia caused by problems in the supply of blood to the brain.
Brain cells need a good supply of blood to stay healthy and function properly. The blood is delivered through a network of blood vessels called the vascular system. If the vascular system within the brain becomes damaged and blood cannot reach the brain cells, the cells will eventually die. This can lead to the onset of vascular dementia.
Budget

Budget is the money to be spent on a project, or by a person or organization in a time period. It usually lists the various things that are to be done, and how much to spend on each. For example, a construction budget may list the various kinds of material and labor and the money to spend on each. A budget may also list estimated revenues. When spending is less than revenues, it is a surplus budget. When spending is more than revenues, it is a deficit budget. When they are the same, it's a balanced budget.
An organization's budget is usually for a fiscal year.
The common usage of the word "budget" refers to a financial plan by an individual or an organization based on their projected income and expenses.It also is used in the sense of the amount that individual or organization can spend.
Arcata, California

Arcata, originally Union Town or Union, is a city in Humboldt County, California, United States. At the 2020 census, Arcata's population was 18,857. Arcata is located north of San Francisco.
Lénaïg Corson

Lenaig Corson (born on 15 March 1989) is a French rugby sevens and rugby union player.
She particpated at the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup, 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup, and 2019 Women's Rugby Super Series.
Michael Kiessou

Anacle Michael Ghounam Kiessou, better known by his stage name Michael Kiessou is a Cameroonian singer-songwriter and entertainer. He became popular with his song Bennam. The song was on his debut EP, Partage, released on April 2, 2014.
Shōmei Yokouchi

was a Japanese politician. He represented the Yamanashi Prefecture electoral district and later Yamanashi District No. 3 in the House of Representatives from 1993 until 2002. He was Governor of Yamanashi Prefecture from 2007 until 2015. Yokouchi was born in Nirasaki, Yamanashi.
Yokouchi died on 21 April 2020, aged 78.
Haiphong

Haiphong is a city in the north of Vietnam.
It has about 400,000 inhabitants and a marine harbor.
About 1,700,000 people live in the district of Haiphong.
Haiphong is 120 km away from Hanoi, Vietnam's capital, around 60 km away from Ha Long Bay, a popular tourist site, and very close to Cat Ba Island.
Haiphong is Vietnam's third most populated city, with only Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City having more people. It is one of five municipalities of Vietnam, meaning it is a city with the same status as a province.
Haiphong Port is the busiest seaport in northern Vietnam. The city has an international airport, Cat Bi Airport, which was used as an airbase for the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War.
Francesca Caccini

Francesca Caccini (; 18 September 1587 - after 1641) was an Italian composer, singer, lutenist, poet, and music teacher of the early Baroque era.
Graham County

Graham County is the name of three counties in the United States:
Graham County, Arizona
Graham County, Kansas
Graham County, North Carolina
1170

Births
April 23 - Isabelle of Hainaut
August 8 - Saint Dominic, founder of the Dominicans (d. 1221)
Deaths
December 29 - Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury (assassinated) (b. c. 1118)
Kokborok language

Kok-borok (also spelled Kok Borok) is the native language of the Borok people in the disputed territory of the Tripura Division and its neighboring areas of Bangladesh and the Republic of India. The word Kok-borok is a compound of the words kok, which means "language", and borok, which literally means "nation", but is used to denote the Borok people. Thus Kok-borok means "the language of Borok" or "the language of the Borok people".
There are more than 950.000 people speaking Kokborok. Kokporok is an official language in India, in the Tripura division.
Chuck steak

Chuck steak is a type of meat cut. It is a type of sub-prime cut.
Classification
In the United States, chuck has the meat-cutting classification NAMP 113.
Preparation
Like most steaks, the Chuck steak can be cooked with different methods.
Dream On (Depeche Mode song)

"Dream On" is a 2001 song by British band Depeche Mode and is the leading single from their 10th studio album Exciter. It topped the charts in Denmark, Germany, Italy and Spain. It went to the top ten in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Sweden and the United Kingdom and went to number 85 in the United States.
Track listings
UK maxi-CD single - Mute (BONG 30)
"Dream On" (single version) - 3:41
"Easy Tiger" (full version) - 4:56
"Easy Tiger" (Bertrand Burgalat & A.S. Dragon Version) - 4:51
European 12-inch maxi-single - Mute/Virgin (8975356)
A1. "Dream On" (Bushwacka Tough Guy Mix) - 6:08
B1. "Dream On" (Dave Clarke Remix) - 5:14
B2. "Dream On" (Bushwacka Blunt Mix) - 6:49
European CD single - Mute/Virgin (7243 8975362 2)
"Dream On" (Bushwacka Tough Guy Mix)
"Dream On" (Dave Clarke Acoustic Version)
"Dream On" (Octagon Man Mix)
"Dream On" (Kid 606 Mix)
7-inch single - Reprise (7-16732)
A1. "Dream On" (edit) - 3:39
B1. "I Feel Loved" (single version) - 3:37
Canadian maxi-CD single - Reprise/Mute (CD 44982)
"Dream On" (single version) - 3:39
"Easy Tiger" (Bertrand Burgalat & A.S. Dragon Version) - 4:52
"Dream On" (Bushwacka Tough Guy Vocal Mix) - 6:07
"Dream On" (Bushwacka Blunt Mix) - 6:47
"Dream On" (Dave Clarke Club Mix) - 5:13
Kathryn Kates

Kathryn Kates (January 29, 1948 - January 22, 2022) was an American actress. She had a repeating role on Seinfeld. She also appeared in Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, Orange Is the New Black and The Many Saints of Newark.
Kates died of lung cancer in Florida on January 22, 2022, at the age of 73.
Brixlegg

Brixlegg is a market town in the district of Kufstein in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Salah Stétié

Salah Stetie () (28 September 1929 - 19 May 2020) was a Lebanese writer, diplomat, translator and poet. He wrote in the French language. He also worked in many diplomatic positions for Lebanon in countries such as Morocco and France. Stetie chose to write in French because he believed that the Arabic language was outdated. He was born in Beirut.
Stetie died in Paris on 19 May 2020 at the age of 90.
Giorgi Latsabidze

Giorgi Latso (; born 15 April 1978, Tbilisi) is a Georgian-American virtuoso pianist and movie composer.
Latso started to play the piano as a boy and was giving concerts at the age of 10. He was given a presidential scholarship from the Georgian government to study in the Tbilisi Conservatorium. When he was 24, he won a DAAD scholarship to study music at the Hannover Hochschule in Germany and later continuied study at the Mozarteum in Salzburg. He later moved to Los Angeles to study with Stewart Gordon at the USC Thornton School of Music.
In 1998 he won the first prize in the Nikolai Rubinstein Competition in Paris, third prize in the Ennio Porrino Competition in Cagliari Italy and then, in 2005, he won first prize in the Yehudi Menuhin Federation Competition in Salzburg and in 2006 Young Artist International Piano Competition in Los Angeles.
His concert career has taken him worldwide across five continents - North America, Europe, Asia, South America and Africa.
He is known for his playing of the works of Frederic Chopin, and Franz Liszt. He recorded 24 Etudes (Op.10; Op.25) of Chopin all 12 Transcendental Etudes of Liszt, 12 Preludes (Book II) of Debussy, 24 Preludes, Op.28 of Chopin; among others.
His concerts have been broadcast on radio and television in the USA, Europe, Asia and other countries.
Latso was listed in the 65th edition of Who's Who in America, and Who's Who in American Art 2011.
He has taught at the University of Southern California, Azusa Pacific University, at Glendale Community College.
Latso has recorded a CD of the entire piano-violin repertoire by composer Ignatz Waghalter for Naxos Records, with the London Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, violinist Irmina Trynkos and conductor Aelxander Walker. He made his performance debut at the acclaimed Wigmore Hall, London in 2010 and at Berliner Philharmonie concert hall in Berlin in 2012.
In 2012, Latso got an invitation to Vatican City to perform for the Pope Benedict XVI. to perform a Mozart Concerto in C major (Elvira Madigan) K. 467 with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra in Santa Maria Maggiore Basilica in Rome.
Stockholm Olympic Stadium

Stockholm Olympic Stadium () is a sports stadium in Stockholm, Sweden. It was opened in 1912, in time for the 1912 Summer Olympics.
Tobey Maguire

Tobias Vincent "Tobey" Maguire (born June 27, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for playing the role of Spider-Man in all three movies and including the Marvel Cinematic Universe movie Spider-Man: No Way Home.
Early life
Maguire didn't finish high school because he wanted to be an actor. He got help from Alcoholics Anonymous for an underaged drinking problem. He has been sober ever since. Maguire has been a vegetarian since 1992. In 2009, he became a vegan.
PETA called him the World's Sexiest Vegetarian in 2002. He often makes changes in his diet to either gain or lose weight. For example, he dramatically decreased his calorie intake for Seabiscuit. Then he quickly gained weight for Spider-Man 2.
Personal life
Maguire met Jennifer Meyer in 2003 while he was shooting the movie Seabiscuit. They became engaged in April 2006. Their daughter Ruby Sweetheart Maguire was born on November 10, 2006. The couple married on September 3, 2007, in Kona, Hawaii. Their second child, Otis Tobias Maguire was born on May 8, 2009. The couple divorced in 2020.
Poker
In 2004, Maguire took up tournament poker. Maguire can be seen on ESPN's coverage of the 2005, 2006, and 2007 World Series of Poker Main Event Championship.
Rosa García Ascot

Rosa Garcia Ascot (8 April 1902, Madrid - 2 May 2002, Torrelaguna, Madrid) was a Spanish composer and pianist. She was the only woman in the well known Group of Eight. The other members were Julian Bautista, Ernesto Halffter and his brother Rodolfo, Juan Jose Mantecon, Fernando Remacha, Salvador Bacarisse and Jesus Bal y Gay. She married Bal y Gay in 1933. Her more notable compositions include Suite para orquesta (Suite for orchestra), Preludio (Prelude), and the Concierto para piano y orquesta (Concerto for piano and orchestra).
Garcia Ascot is also considered Manuel de Falla's last disciple. Before studying with de Falla in Madrid, she was a studied with Felipe Pedrell and then later with Enrique Granados. She spent 10 years in the early part of her career touring as a concert soloist. After this, she did very few public concerts and always in very special circumstances. She died almost a month after her 100th birthday.
Chelonia

Chelonia is a name for the whole order of turtles, and for a particular turtles:
Chelonia, a name for all turtles. Nowadays Testudines is often preferred.
Chelonia mydas, the Green sea turtle.
Hyperbolic functions

In mathematics, hyperbolic functions are analogues of the ordinary trigonometric functions, but defined for the unit hyperbola rather than on the unit circle: just as the points form a circle with a unit radius, the points form the right half of the hyperbola.
Hyperbolic functions occur in the calculations of angles and distances in hyperbolic geometry. They also occur in the solutions of many linear differential equations, cubic equations, and Laplace's equation in Cartesian coordinates. Laplace's equations are important in many areas of physics.
The basic hyperbolic functions are:
hyperbolic sine "sinh" (),
hyperbolic cosine "cosh" (),
from which are derived:
hyperbolic tangent "tanh" (),
hyperbolic cosecant "csch" or "cosech" ()
hyperbolic secant "sech" (),
hyperbolic cotangent "coth" (),
corresponding to the derived trigonometric functions.
The inverse hyperbolic functions are:
area hyperbolic sine "arsinh" (also denoted "sinh-1", "asinh" or sometimes "arcsinh")
area hyperbolic cosine "arcosh" (also denoted "cosh-1", "acosh" or sometimes "arccosh"
and so on.
The hyperbolic functions take a real argument called a hyperbolic angle. The size of a hyperbolic angle is twice the area of its hyperbolic sector. The hyperbolic functions may be defined in terms of the legs of a right triangle covering this sector.
Hyperbolic functions were introduced in the 1760s independently by Vincenzo Riccati and Johann Heinrich Lambert.
Definitions
There are various equivalent ways to define the hyperbolic functions.
Exponential definitions
In terms of the exponential function:
Hyperbolic sine: the odd part of the exponential function, that is
Hyperbolic cosine: the even part of the exponential function, that is
Hyperbolic tangent:
Hyperbolic cotangent: for ,
Hyperbolic secant:
Hyperbolic cosecant: for ,
Useful relations
The hyperbolic functions satisfy many identities, all of them similar in form to the trigonometric identities.
Odd and even functions:
Hence:
Thus, and are even functions; the others are odd functions.
Hyperbolic sine and cosine satisfy:
the last of which is similar to the Pythagorean trigonometric identity.
One also has
for the other functions.
Comparison with circular functions
The hyperbolic functions represent an expansion of trigonometry beyond the functions defined on unit circle. Both types depend on one argument, either circular angle or hyperbolic angle.
Since the area of a circular sector with radius r and angle u (in radians) is r2u/2, it will be equal to u when r = . In the diagram, such a circle is tangent to the hyperbola xy = 1 at (1,1). The yellow sector depicts an area and angle magnitude. Similarly, the yellow and red sectors together depict an area and hyperbolic angle magnitude.
The legs of the two right triangles with hypotenuse on the ray defining the angles are of length times the circular and hyperbolic functions.
La Rochette, Hautes-Alpes

La Rochette is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
Population
Transport
Road
The D14, D292, D314 and N94 roads pass through the commune.
MusicBrainz

MusicBrainz is an music database. It is similar to the freedb project that aims to create an open data music database. The database captures information about artists, their recorded works, and create the relationships between them.
Client software
Amarok -- KDE audio player
Banshee -- multi-platform audio player
Beets -- automatic CLI music tagger/organiser for Unix-like systems
Clementine -- multi-platform audio player
CDex -- Microsoft Windows CD ripper
Demlo -- a dynamic and extensible music manager using a CLI
iEatBrainz -- Mac OS X, deprecated
foo_musicbrainz component for foobar2000 -- music library/pudio Player
Jaikoz -- Java mass tag editor
Max -- Mac OS X CD ripper and audio transcoder
Mp3tag -- Windows metadata editor and music organizer
MusicBrainz Picard -- cross-platform album-oriented tag editor
MusicBrainz Tagger -- deprecated Microsoft Windows tag editor
puddletag -- a tag editor for PyQt under the GPLv3
Rhythmbox music player -- an audio player for Unix-like systems
Sound Juicer -- GNOME CD ripper
Zortam Mp3 Media Studio -- Windows music organizer and ID3 tag editor
Freedb clients could also access MusicBrainz data through the freedb protocol by using the MusicBrainz to FreeDB gateway service, mb2freedb. The gateway was shut down on March 18, 2019.
Bryant Reeves

Bryant Reeves (born June 8, 1973) is an American retired professional basketball player. He played six seasons with the Vancouver Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was nicknamed Big Country by his college teammate Byron Houston after he was amazed through his first cross-country flight over the United States, having grown up in the small town of Gans, Oklahoma.
Reeves played college basketball at the Oklahoma State University-Stillwater with the Cowboys. During his time with the Cowboys, Reeves led the team to the 1995 Final Four and averaged 21.5 points per game as a senior player.
He was selected 6th overall by the Vancouver Grizzlies in the 1996 NBA Draft. He was the Grizzlies' first-ever draft choice. During his six seasons with the Grizzlies, he had averaged 13.3 points per game in his rookie season and he averaged 16.2 points per game in 1997. On July 8, 1997, Reeves was given a six-year, $61.8 million contract extension. Reeves' best season came in 1997-98, when averaged 16.3 points, 7.9 rebounds, 1.08 blocked shots per game, and scored a career-high 41 points against the Boston Celtics.
After 1998, he began suffering from both weight-control problems and injuries. His production numbers had fell off severely. The Grizzlies were still using Reeves as their starting center but both his minutes per game dropped and his field goal percentage had dropped. When the Grizzlies were moved to Memphis in 2001, Reeves had to start the season on the injured list because of continuing back pain and he was never able to play another game after only playing two preseason games with Memphis. Reeves retired from playing professional basketball on January 29, 2002.
Since retiring, Reeves moved back to Gans, Oklahoma where he owns a large cattle ranch just outside of Gans and lives with his wife and three children.
Pupil

There are different types of pupils:
Pupil (eye), the centre of the eye, which is an opening into the inside. It's the black circle on the outside of the eye
Student, someone who is learning something, usually in a school or university
69th FIFA Congress

The 69th FIFA Congress was held in Paris expo Porte de Versailles in Paris, France, on 5 June 2019.
Pech-Luna

Pech-Luna is a commune of 75 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Thomas Pierrepoint

Thomas Pierrepoint (1870 - 11 February 1954) was an English hangman, the brother of Henry Pierrepoint and the uncle of Albert Pierrepoint.
OPEC

OPEC, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries is an international organization. Since 1965, the headquarters of OPEC has been in Vienna, Austria. OPEC was established in Baghdad, Iraq on 10-14 September 1960.
Its work is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies" of its members, and also to "ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers, and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry".
According to the United States Department of Energy Energy Information Administration (EIA), OPEC crude oil production is an important factor affecting global oil prices. OPEC sets production targets for its member nations and generally, when OPEC production targets are reduced, oil prices increase. Projections of changes in Saudi production result in changes in the price of crude oil.
OPEC was formed in 1960 when the international oil market was largely dominated by multinational companies known as the 'seven sisters'. The formation of OPEC was a turning point in state control over natural resources. In the 1960s OPEC made sure that oil companies could not unilaterally cut prices. In December 2014, OPEC and the oil men were named in the top 10 most influential people in the shipping industry by Lloyds.
Members
21 countries are members of OPEC. The names of these countries are:
Algeria
Angola
Austria
Bahrain
Benin
Brunei Darussalam
Cameroon
Congo
Ecuador
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Libya
Nigeria
Oman
Saudi Arabia
Syria
The United Arab Emirates
Venezuela.
Indonesia and Qatar are former members.
Aims
Member countries of the OPEC came together to form this international organization with several aims. Some of the aims are:
To protect the interest of the member countries.
To make sure that the price of petroleum products do not change much.
To make certain a regular supply of petroleum oil to other countries.
To make sure that member countries get the right amount of money from sale of oil products.
To decide policies to follow relating to production and sale of petroleum oil.
However, OPEC has not always been able to achieve all these aims.
Morgan Neville

Morgan Neville (born October 10, 1967) is an American movie producer, director and writer.
His best known movies were 20 Feet from Stardom, which won him the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2014 as well as a Grammy Award for Best Music Film, and Won't You Be My Neighbor?, a documentary about Fred Rogers, in June 2018, got critical acclaim and became the highest grossing biographical-documentary of all time.
Volkswagen Golf Variant

Volkswagen Golf Variant is a car produced by Volkswagen since 1993. It entered its fourth generation in 2009.
Dolley Madison

Dolley Payne Todd Madison (May 20, 1768 - July 12, 1849) was the wife of US President James Madison. James Madison was president from 1809 to 1817 while Dolley Madison was the First Lady of the United States. She is best known for saving Washington's portrait when the British burned the White House in the War of 1814. Though she is also a famous entertainer, the first to serve ice cream in the White House.
Dolley was born in New Garden. Now the place is known as Guilford County. It is in North Carolina. Some other account tells that she was born in a village named Payne's Tavern. It is in Person County, North Carolina.
Her father's name was John Payne. As an unsuccessful farmer, he always faced shortage of money. Dolley's mother was Mary Coles.
Dolley spent her teenage years in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On January 7, 1790, she married John Todd, Jr. (1764-1793). Todd was a lawyer. They had two sons. Their names were John Payne (1792-1852) and William Temple (born and died in 1793). William died in a yellow fever epidemic. In the same year, her husband also died of the same yellow fever epidemic.
Dolley Todd married James Madison on September 14, 1794. They had no children, but they raised Dolley's son from her first marriage, John Payne Todd. John Payne Todd was a notorious drunkard and gambler, which caused his mother many financial problems, especially after Madison died.
In 1814, the British army had burnt the White House. Fleeing from her burning home, Dolley saved many records and papers. Legend states she also saved a painting of George Washington, though had to break it out of its frame.
Estonian Centre Party

The Estonian Centre Party () is a centrist, social-liberal, populist political party in Estonia. It is one of the two largest political parties in Estonia and currently has 26 seats in the Estonian Parliament.
It is now part of the Government of Estonia led by Kaja Kallas.
The party is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE).
Lignorelles

Lignorelles is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Soupir

Soupir is a commune. It is in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in north France.
William S. Paley

William Samuel Paley (September 28, 1901 - October 26, 1990) was an American businessman, philanthropist, broadcaster and founder of CBS. He was a Chicago-born cigar salesman. In 1928 he purchased a small group of radio stations. From that start he built CBS into a dominant force in radio and television.
Paley died in New York City on October 26, 1990 from kidney failure, aged 89.
Särna

Sarna is a locality in Alvdalen Municipality in Dalarna County in Sweden. In 2010, 719 people lived there.
Draguignan

Draguignan () is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region, in southeastern France.
It is a subprefecture of the department.
History
Draguignan became the prefecture of the Var in 1797, at the beginning of the French Revolution. This was even if the town was not the biggest city in the department. It remained as the prefecture until 1974 when it was moved to Toulon.
Geography
The city is at the foot of the Malmont mountain, in a valley that is about long, from northwest to southeast. The Nartuby, a tributary of the Argens river, flows to the west of the city.
Draguignan has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
Draguignan is surrounded by the communes Saint-Remy, Maleville, La Bastide-l'Eveque, Morlhon-le-Haut, Sanvensa, La Rouquette, Savignac and Toulonjac.
Climate
The climate of Draguignan, in the Koppen climate classification, is Csb - Mediterranean climate with template summers.
Population
With a population in 2013 of 39,174, Draguignan has a population density is of inhabitants/km2.
The inhabitants of Draguignan are known, in French, as Dracenois (women: Dracenoises).
People of the Book

The People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab) is a phrase in Islam to refer to people who worship the "One True God": the God of the Christian, Muslim, Jewish, and Sabian. Zoroastrian faith is sometimes included.
People of the Book were historically respected by Muslim leaders, starting with the Prophet Muhammed.
1470

Events
March 12 - Wars of the Roses in England - Battle of Losecoat Field: The House of York defeats the House of Lancaster.
July 12 - The Ottomans capture Euboea.
October 3 - Warwick releases Henry VI of England from the Tower of London, and restores him to the throne.
Hondo River (Belize)

This article is about the river in Belize and Mexico; for other uses, see Rio Hondo
The Rio Hondo is a river of Central America. It is about 150 km (93.2 mi) in length. It flows in a northeasterly direction and ends in the Chetumal Bay on the Caribbean Sea. Most of border of Mexico and Belize runs along its length.
Many archaeological sites of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization are near the river's course.
Elastic limit

The elastic limit is the maximum amount an object can stretch before breaking (it cannot go back to its original state) if the object stretches at all.
Industrial rock

Industrial rock is a music genre that puts together industrial music and different rock genres, like punk, hardcore punk, or hard rock or Synth pop .
Groningen (province)

Groningen is a province in the Northeast of the Netherlands. At the east is the German region Lower Saxony, in the south is Drenthe, in the west is Friesland (or Fryslan in Frisian) and in the north is the Wadden Sea. About 587,000 people are living in Groningen (2021).
The capital of Groningen is also called Groningen. People from Groningen often call Groningen City "stad" ("city") and the rest of the province "Ommelanden" (which means something like "surrounding lands").
Important sources of income are agriculture and natural gas extraction Slochteren.
Noticeable things in Groningen are the Gronings dialect, which is related to Low Saxon, and the strong support for the communist party in the Northeastern part of the province.
Veil

A veil is a soft covering of all or part of the face. It has often been used by women in many cultures. It is often used by brides on their wedding day. It may have religious meaning, or it may be used for pleasure or dance. It is different from a mask because a mask is close-fitting, and often firm or hard, while a veil is soft and may fit loosely.
Veils as communication
Veils are a kind of non-verbal communication. They always have some kind of unspoken message.
Some kinds of veil include a hood which covers the entire head, like a hijab. The point of covering the head entirely is to cover all parts which have any sexual meaning. A woman's hair is one of her secondary sexual characteristics, and acts (with her face, body and personality) to attract the opposite sex. Some religious groups believe that female sexuality should not be shown in public.
The most important part of the head (for the viewer) is the face, because the human face takes part in communication. Covering it says, in effect, 'this person is not available'. That is why it has been used so often by women. Because it is of soft material, the veil may be lifted back over the head or unclipped from one side. This is also a signal. It says 'now I am available'. So brides lift their veil at the point when they are married.
Veils may be, and often are, partly transparent. This adds ambiguity and mystery to the 'message' it offers the viewer; it is a 'fashion statement'. The raising or dropping of veils is a sign of intimacy: the wearer, who was covered, is now in the open. In an extreme example, the idea of a "Dance of the Seven Veils" originates with the 1893 English translation of Oscar Wilde's 1891 French play Salome in the stage direction.
Symphony No. 94 (Haydn)

The Symphony No. 94 in G major is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. It was first performed in London on 23 March 1792 under Haydn's direction. It is nicknamed the Surprise Symphony. The symphony's nickname is derived from the sudden loud chord played by the entire orchestra in the second movement. This movement is a set of variations on a sweet, gentle theme. The chord was Haydn's afterthought; it does not appear in the manuscript. One theory suggests Haydn inserted this loud chord saying, "That will make the ladies jump!". Another theory suggests he inserted it to wake up the music lovers who had dozed off after their dinners and drinks. Another theory suggests he inserted it to make the symphony memorable in light of the competition he faced from a series of London concerts directed by Ignaz Pleyel.
Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage

Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage is a commune. It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives

Party leaders and whips of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in an opened-door caucus by secret ballot and are also known as floor leaders.
The U.S. House of Representatives does officially use the term "Minority Leader" and so does the media. The House uses the terms "Republican Leader" or "Democratic Leader" depending on which party holds a minority of seats.
The current party leaders are: Majority (Republican) Leader Steve Scalise, and Majority (Republican) Whip Tom Emmer, Minority (Democratic) Leader Hakeem Jeffries, and Minority (Democratic) Whip Katherine Clark.
John Payne (voice actor)

John Payne (voice actor) is a British-Canadian voice actor. He is known for his roles in anime like Mobile Suit Gundam and Rakshasa in Inuyasha.
Independent Catholic churches

Independent Catholic Churches is the name for a few Christian churches which say that they have the traditions of the Catholic Church, but who are not recognised by the Holy See. Almost all of them say that their bishops have apostolic succession, that is that their legitimacy comes from an apostle. The first of these churches was the Old Catholic Church, who did not agree that the pope was infallible, in religious matters. This was agreed at the First Vatican Council in 1870. Most of the independent Catholic churches split from the Old Catholic church. A notable exception is the Society of St. Pius X, a grouping of traditionalist priests, founded in the 1970s.
Communities such as the Eastern Orthodox, the Oriental Orthodox Church, or the Coptic Orthodox Church do not have the problem of recognition, as they are at least partially recognised by the Roman Catholic Church. Most Independent Catholic Churches were created after 1870.
Nana Abdullahi

Nana abdullahi was born in March 5 1960. She was a Nigerian lawyer.
Abdullahi became the Jigsaw state's first female high court judge In 2010. In 2000 to 2005 Abdullahi served as the solicitor general,general and commissioner for Justice.
Joe Clark

Charles Joseph "Joe" Clark (born June 5, 1939) is a politician from Canada. He served as Canada's Prime Minister from 1979-1980. He was elected Prime Minister when he was 40 years old, making him the youngest Prime Minister in Canadian history.
Lage, Lower Saxony

Lage is a community on the river Dinkel in the County of Bentheim in Lower Saxony with about 1,000 residents. It belongs to the Joint Community (Samtgemeinde) of Neuenhaus.
Zoe Saldaña

Zoe Yadira Saldana-Perego (nee Saldana Nazario; born June 19, 1978) is an American actress. She is best known for her work in several science fiction franchises. She has acted in three of the five highest-grossing movies of all time. These are Avatar, Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame). She has also acted in the Guardians of the Galaxy movies and several Star Trek movies. Her movies have earned more than worldwide. She is the second-highest-grossing movie actress of all time .
Saldana is also a trained dancer. She began her acting career in two 1999 episodes of Law & Order. Her first movie role was in Center Stage (2000) in which she played a ballet dancer. She starred with Britney Spears in the movie Crossroads in 2002. Saldana had her breakthrough performance with her work in several science fiction movie franchises. These began in 2009 with her roles as Nyota Uhura in the Star Trek movie series and Neytiri in the Avatar movie series. She went on to play Gamora in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with Guardians of the Galaxy in 2014. Saldana has also starred in the science fiction movie The Adam Project and the romantic drama miniseries From Scratch.
She was born in Passaic, New Jersey.
Family life
On June 2013, Saldana married an Italian former footballer turned artist Marco Perego. They have three sons together, twins Bowie and Cy (born 2014) and Zen (born 2016).
Adams County, Mississippi

Adams County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 32,297 people lived there. The county seat is Natchez. The county was created on April 2, 1799. It is named for John Adams, the second President of the United States.
Dafydd ap Gruffydd

Dafydd ap Gruffydd (11 July (?) 1238 - 3 October 1283) was Prince of Wales from 11 December 1282 until on 3 October 1283. His execution was ordered by King Edward I of England. The execution was especially gruesome.
Daffyd was the last independent ruler of Wales.
La Lande-de-Fronsac

La Lande-de-Fronsac is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Caetés, Pernambuco

Caetes (, , Caaetes) is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Pernambuco, in northeastern Brazil. It is the birthplace of former president of Brazil Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.
Germaringen

Germaringen is a municipality in Ostallgau in Bavaria in Germany.