October 22

Events
Up to 1900
362 - The temple of Apollo near Antioch is destroyed in a fire.
794 - Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heiankyo (Kyoto).
1383 - A time of civil war began in Portugal when King Fernando dies without a male heir to the throne.
1575 - Founding of Aguascalientes, Mexico.
1633 - Battle of Southern Fujian Sea: The Ming Dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company.
1707 - Scilly naval disaster: Four British Royal Navy ships run aground near the Isles of Scilly, off Cornwall, England, because of faulty navigation. Over 1,600 sailors drown.
1740 - End of a two-week massacre of ethnic Chinese people in Batavia (present-day Jakarta) in present-day Indonesia (then the Dutch East Indies).
1746 - The College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) is created.
1777 - American Revolutionary War: American defenders of Fort Mercer on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the Battle of Red Bank.
1784 - Russia founds a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska.
1797 - One thousand meters (3,200 feet) above Paris, Andre-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump.
1836 - Sam Houston is becomes the first President of the Republic of Texas.
1844 - The Great Anticipation: The Millerites, followers of William Miller, expect the end of the World to occur on this date. The following day is referred to as the 'Great Disappointment'.
1859 - Spain declares war on Morocco.
1875 - First telegraphic connection in Argentina.
1877 - A mining disaster in Blantyre, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, kills 215 people.
1878 - The first rugby match under floodlights takes place in Salford, between Broughton and Swinton.
1883 - The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance by Charles Gounod's Faust.
1895 - In Paris, an express train derails after overrunning the buffer stop, crossing almost 30 meters of concourse, before crashing through a wall and falling 10 meters on the road below.
1901 2000
1910 - Hawley Harvey Crippen is found guilty at the Old Bailey in London of poisoning his wife, and is subsequently hanged at Pentonville Prison.
1923 - A royalist coup d'etat fails in Greece.
1927 - Nikola Tesla introduces six new inventions including a motor with one-phase electricity.
1941 - World War II: French resistance member Guy Moquet and 29 others are executed by the German in retaliation for the death of a German officer.
1943 - World War II: in the second firestorm raid on Germany, the Royal Air Force conducts and air raid on the city of Kassel in the current state of Hesse. 10,000 people are killed.
1948 - Walter Ulbricht declares the Oder-Neisse Line to be the border between East Germany and Poland.
1957 - Vietnam War: First American soldier to die in Vietnam.
1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis: US President John F. Kennedy says that American spy planes have found Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the island nation.
1964 - Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but turns down the honor.
1964 - Canada: A Multi-Party Parliamentary Committee choses the design which becomes the new official Flag of Canada.
1966 - The Soviet Union launches the Luna 12 probe.
1968 - Apollo program: Apollo 7 safely splashes down in the Atlantic Ocean after orbiting the Earth 163 times.
1968 - Hard rock band Led Zeppelin release the classic album Led Zeppelin II, featuring the hit single "Whole Lotta Love."
1975 - The Soviet unmanned space probe Venera 9 lands on Venus.
1978 - Inauguration of Pope John Paul II.
1999 - Maurice Papon, a French Vichy Government official in World War II, is jailed for Crimes against Humanity.
From 2001
2005 - Tropical Storm Alpha forms in the Atlantic Basin, making the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season the most active on record.
2006 - An expansion plan for the Panama Canal is approved in a referendum in Panama.
2007 - Raid on Anuradhapura Air Force Base is carried out by 21 commandos of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. All except one die in this attack. Eight Sri Lanka Air Force planes are destroyed and 10 are damaged.
2008 - India launches its first unmanned lunar mission Chandrayaan-1.
2014 - 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa.
2015 - An attacker kills two people with a sword at a school in Trollhattan, Western Sweden, before being shot dead by police.
2017 - The Liberal Democratic Party under Shinzo Abe wins early parliamentary elections in Japan.
2019 - Abortion and same-sex marriage become legal in Northern Ireland after the deadline for the return of the Assembly at Stormont at Belfast is missed; the two laws had been voted for by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom because of the Assembly's absence.
2019 - The official enthronement ceremony for Emperor Naruhito of Japan is held.
Births
Up to 1900
1071 - William IX, Duke of Aquitaine (d. 1126)
1179 - Emperor Juntoku of Japan (d. 1242)
1511 - Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1553)
1587 - Joachim Jung, German philosopher and mathematician (d. 1657)
1659 - Georg Ernst Stahl, German chemist and physician (d. 1734)
1688 - Nader Shah of Persia (d. 1747)
1689 - King John V of Portugal (d. 1750)
1701 - Maria Amalia of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1756)
1708 - Frederic Louis Norden, Danish naval captain and explorer (d. 1742)
1729 - Johann Reinhold Forster, German pastor and botanist (d. 1798)
1734 - Daniel Boone, American pioneer (d. 1820) (November 2 in the Gregorian calendar)
1811 - Franz Liszt, Hungarian composer (d. 1886)
1818 - Leconte de Lisle, French poet and author (d. 1894)
1844 - Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (d. 1923)
1844 - Louis Riel, Canadian political activist (d. 1885)
1858 - Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein, German Empress (d. 1921)
1865 - Paul Raud, Estonian painter (d. 1930)
1870 - Ivan Bunin, Russian writer (d. 1953)
1870 - Alfred Douglas, English author and poet (d. 1945)
1872 - Alessio Ascalesi, Italian cardinal (d. 1952)
1873 - Gustaf John Ramstedt, Finnish linguist and diplomat (d. 1950)
1873 - Rama Tirtha, Indian philosopher and educator (d. 1906)
1875 - Harriet Chalmers Adams, American explorer, journalist and photographer (d. 1937)
1878 - Jaan Lattik, Estonian politician (d. 1967)
1881 - Clinton Davisson, American physicist (d. 1958)
1881 - Karl Bernhard Zoeppritz, German geophysicist (d. 1908)
1882 - Edmund Dulac, French painter (d. 1953)
1882 - Newell Convers Wyeth, American painter (d. 1945)
1885 - Giovanni Martinelli, Italian tenor (d. 1969)
1887 - John Reed, American journalist, poet, socialist and activist (d. 1920)
1893 - Ernst Opik, Estonian astronomer (d. 1985)
1894 - Mei Lanfang, Chinese opera singer (d. 1961)
1896 - Earle C. Clements, American politician, Governor of Kentucky (d. 1985)
1896 - Charles Glen King, American biochemist (d. 1988)
1900 - Ashfaqulla Khan, Indian activist (d. 1927)
1901 1950
1903 - George Wells Beadle, American geneticist (d. 1989)
1903 - Curly Howard, American actor and singer (d. 1952)
1904 - Constance Bennett, American actress (d. 1965)
1907 - Emilie Schindler, German activist (d. 2001)
1907 - Jimmie Foxx, American baseball player, coach and manager (d. 1967)
1912 - George N. Leighton, American chess player and judge (d. 2018)
1913 - Bao Dai, Vietnamese Emperor (d. 1997)
1913 - Robert Capa, American photographer (d. 1954)
1915 - Yitzhak Shamir, 7th Prime Minister of Israel (d. 2012)
1917 - Joan Fontaine, Japan-born British-American actress (d. 2013)
1919 - Doris Lessing, British writer (d. 2013)
1920 - Timothy Leary, American writer and psychologist (d. 1996)
1921 - Georges Brassens, French singer and songwriter (d. 1981)
1921 - Alexander Kronrod, Russian mathematician and computer scientist (d. 1986)
1921 - Harald Nugiseks, Estonian soldier (d. 2014)
1923 - Bert Trautmann, German footballer (d. 2013)
1925 - Slater Martin, American basketball player (d. 2012)
1925 - Robert Rauschenberg, American painter and illustrator (d. 2008)
1928 - Nelson Pereira dos Santos, Brazilian movie director (d. 2018)
1929 - Michael Birkett, British movie producer
1929 - Lev Yashin, Soviet-Russian footballer (d. 1990)
1931 - Ann Rule, American writer (d. 2015)
1932 - Donald McIntyre, New Zealand operatic bass baritone
1933 - Helmut Senekowitsch, Austrian footballer and manager (d. 2007)
1936 - John Blashford Snell, English soldier and politician
1936 - Bobby Seale, American activist
1938 - Alan Gilzean, Scottish footballer (d. 2018)
1938 - Christopher Lloyd, American actor
1938 - Derek Jacobi, English actor
1939 - Joaquim Chissano, former President of Mozambique
1939 - George Cohen, English footballer
1941 - Charles Keating, English-American actor (d. 2014)
1942 - Count Christian of Rosenborg, Danish royal (d. 2013)
1942 - Annette Funicello, American actress and singer (d. 2013)
1942 - Bruno Buchberger, Austrian mathematician
1943 - Catherine Deneuve, French actress
1943 - Wolfgang Thierse, German politician
1943 - Annamaria Cancellieri, Italian politician
1946 - Deepak Chopra, Indian-American physician and author
1946 - Kelvin MacKenzie, English journalist
1947 - Haley Barbour, American politician, 63rd Governor of Mississippi
1947 - Godfrey Chitalu, Zambian footballer (d. 1993)
1948 - Lynette Fromme, American attempted assassin of Gerald Ford
1948 - Paola Severino, Italian lawyer and politician
1949 - Stiv Bators, American musician (d. 1990)
1949 - Arsene Wenger, French footballer and manager
1949 - Butch Goring, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1949 - Vasilios Magginas, Greek politician (d. 2015)
1949 - John Shadegg, American politician
1950 - Donald Ramotar, 7th President of Guyana
1951 1975
1951 - William David Sanders, American educator (d. 1999)
1952 - Jeff Goldblum, American actor
1952 - Dennis "Fly" Amero, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and musician (Orleans)
1954 - Graham Joyce, British writer (d. 2014)
1959 - Todd Graff, American actor, director and writer
1959 - Marc Shaiman, American composer
1961 - Dietmar Woidke, German politician
1962 - Bob Odenkirk, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
1964 - Craig Levein, Scottish footballer and manager
1965 - John Wesley Harding, English singer-songwriter
1965 - A. L. Kennedy, Scottish writer and comedienne
1966 - Valeria Golino, Italian actress
1967 - Ulrike Maier, Austrian skier (d. 1994)
1967 - Salvatore Di Vittorio, Italian composer and conductor
1967 - Carlos Mencia, Honduran-American comedian, actor, producer and screenwriter
1967 - Oona King, English politician
1968 - Shaggy, Jamaican rapper and musician
1968 - Jay Johnston, American actor, producer and screenwriter
1968 - Jimmy Schulz, German businessman and politician (d. 2019)
1969 - Spike Jonze, American director and producer
1969 - Helmut Lotti, Belgian singer
1970 - Amy Redford, American actress, director and producer
1972 - Saffron Burrows, English actress
1973 - Ichiro Suzuki, Japanese baseball player
1975 - Michel Salgado, Spanish footballer
1975 - Jesse Tyler Ferguson, American actor and singer
From 1976
1978 - Chaswe Nsofwa, Zambian footballer (d. 2007)
1978 - Dion Glover, American basketball player
1979 - Doni, Brazilian footballer
1980 - Luke O'Donnell, Australian rugby player
1983 - Plan B, English rapper, singer, musician and actor
1984 - Horacio Agullo, Argentine rugby player
1985 - Zac Hanson, American singer-songwriter and musician (Hanson)
1985 - Hadise, Belgian-Turkish singer
1985 - Deontay Wilder, American boxer
1986 - Stefan Radu, Romanian footballer
1986 - Kara Lang, Canadian footballer
1987 - Tiki Gelana, Ethiopian long-distance runner
1988 - Mikkel Hansen, Danish handball player
1988 - Parineeti Chopra, Indian actress and model
1988 - Sharon Rooney, Scottish actress
1988 - Kesha Wizzart, English singer (d. 2007)
1990 - Jonathan Lipnicki, American actor
1990 - Paul McGinn, Scottish footballer
1991 - Levi Sherwood, New Zealand motocross racer
1992 - 21 Savage, British-born rapper
1992 - Sofia Vassilieva, American actress
1995 - Stevie Lynn Jones, American actress
1998 - Harry Souttar, Scottish-Australian footballer
Deaths
Up to 1900
741 - Charles Martel, leader of the Franks (b. 686)
1383 - King Fernando I of Portugal (b. 1345)
1625 - Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese daimyo (b. 1561)
1708 - Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (b. 1636)
1751 - William IV, Prince of Orange (b. 1711)
1792 - Guillaume Gentil, French astronomer (b. 1725)
1818 - Johann Heinrich Campe, German journalist and editor (b. 1746)
1847 - Sahle Selassie, Ethiopian royal (b. 1795)
1853 - Juan Antonio Lavalleja, President of Uruguay (b. 1784)
1859 - Louis Spohr, German violinist and composer (b. 1784)
1901 2000
1906 - Paul Cezanne, French painter (b. 1839)
1914 - Konishiki Yasokichi I, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1866)
1917 - Bob Fitzsimmons, English-American boxer (b. 1863)
1918 - Myrtle Gonzalez, American actress (b. 1891)
1928 - Andrew Fisher, fifth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1862)
1935 - Komitas Vardapet, Armenian musician and composer (b. 1869)
1946 - Phillips Lee Goldsborough, American politician, Governor of Maryland (b. 1865)
1952 - Ernst Rudin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist and eugenicist (b. 1874)
1953 - Albert Meyer, Swiss politician (b. 1870)
1956 - Hannah Mitchell, English activist (b. 1872)
1965 - Paul Tillich, German theologian (b. 1886)
1973 - Pablo Casals, Catalan cellist and conductor (b. 1876)
1975 - Arnold J. Toynbee, British politician and historian (b. 1889)
1979 - Nadia Boulanger, French composer (b. 1887)
1986 - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi de Nagyrapolt, Hungarian scientist, won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1893)
1986 - Ye Jianying, Chinese general and politician (b. 1897)
1987 - Lino Ventura, Italian actor (b. 1919)
1989 - Ewan MacColl, British singer-songwriter, producer, actor and playwright (b. 1915)
1990 - Louis Althusser, French philosopher (b. 1918)
1995 - Sir Kingsley Amis, English writer (b. 1922)
1995 - Mary Wickes, American actress (b. 1910)
1997 - Leonid Amalrik, Russian animator (b. 1905)
From 2001
2002 - Countess Geraldine Apponyi de Nagy-Apponyi, Hungarian-born Queen of Albania (b. 1915)
2002 - Richard Helms, American intelligence agent and diplomat (b. 1913)
2003 - Elliott Smith, American musician (b. 1969)
2006 - Choi Kyu-ha, President of South Korea (b. 1919)
2007 - Eve Curie, French writer (b. 1904)
2009 - Soupy Sales, American comedian and television personality (b. 1926)
2011 - Sultan bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud, Crown prince of Saudi Arabia (b. 1928)
2012 - Russell Means, American actor and activist (b. 1939)
2012 - Shubha Phutela, Indian actress (b. 1991)
2014 - John-Roger Hinkins, American author and public speaker (b. 1934)
2014 - Deaths in the 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa:
Nathan Cirillo, Canadian soldier (b. 1989)
Michael Zehaf-Bibeau, Canadian murderer (b. 1982)
2015 - Willem Aantjes, Dutch politician (b. 1923)
2015 - Arnold Klein, American dermatologist (b. 1945)
2015 - Mark Murphy, American jazz singer (b. 1932)
2017 - Al Hurricane, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1936)
2017 - Scott Putesky, American musician (b. 1968)
2017 - George Young, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1946)
2017 - Atle Hammer, Norwegian jazz trumpeter (b. 1932)
2018 - Horacio Cardo, Argentine painter and illustrator (b. 1944)
2018 - Boris Kokorev, Russian pistol shooter (b. 1959)
2018 - Friedrich Ostermann, German Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1932)
2018 - Eugene H. Peterson, American clergyman and biblical scholar (b. 1932)
2018 - Robert Saladrigas, Spanish writer, journalist and critic (b. 1940)
2018 - Jose Varacka, Argentine footballer (b. 1932)
2019 - Manfred Bruns, German lawyer and LGBTQ activist (b. 1934)
2019 - Vicki Ann Funk, American botanist and researcher (b. 1947)
2019 - Til Gardeniers-Berendsen, Dutch politician (b. 1925)
2019 - Gustav Gerneth, German supercentenarian (b. 1905)
2019 - Ole Hervik Laub, Danish novelist (b. 1937)
2019 - Raymond Leppard, British-American conductor and composer (b. 1927)
2019 - Sadako Ogata, Japanese diplomat (b. 1927)
2019 - Rolando Panerai, Italian baritone singer (b. 1924)
2019 - Miguel Saiz, Uruguayan-Argentine politician (b. 1949)
2019 - Marieke Vervoort, Belgian wheelchair racer and Paralympic athlete (b. 1979)
2019 - Jo Ann Zimmerman, American politician, Lieutenant Governor of Iowa (b. 1936)
Observances
Roman Catholic Feast Day for Pope John Paul II
International Stuttering Awareness Day
Days of the year