kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Foix

Foix (; ) is a commune, the former capital of the County of Foix. Today it is the prefecture of the Ariege department in southwestern France in the Occitanie region.
It is to south of Toulouse, close to the border with Spain and Andorra. The city is only the second city of the department after Pamiers. Of all French prefectures, Foix is the one with fewest people living in it.
History
The Romans built a fort on the rocky hill where the Chateau de Foix castle now overlooks the town. The town of Foix probably owes its origin to an oratory founded by Charlemagne, which afterwards became the Abbey of Saint Volusianus in 849. The current area of the department was part of the old County of Foix.
Geography
The city of Foix lies in the foothills of the Pyrenees mountains, in southern France. It is on the confluence of the Ariege and Arget rivers. Foix is at to the south of Toulouse.
The commune has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The commune of Foix is surrounded by the communes Arabaux, Cos, Crampagna, Ferrieres-sur-Ariege, Ganac, Montgaillard, Pradieres, Saint-Jean-de-Verges, Saint-Pierre-de-Riviere and Vernajoul.
Climate
The climate of Foix, in the Koppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Foix are known, in French, as Fuxeens (women: Fuxeennes).
Foix has a population of 6,9,721 (2014), and population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Foix
Foix forms, with other 5 communes, the urban area of Foix with a population of 14,552 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Foix, formed by 17 communes with a population of 18,406 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Administration
Foix is the prefecture of the Ariege department, the capital of the arrondissement of Foix and the administrative centre () of the canton of Foix (with 13,700 inhabitants in 2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Pays Foix-Varilhes ().
Twinned and partner towns
Foix is twinned with:
Lleida, Spain
Andorra la Vella, Andorra
Sites of interest
The main historic building is the Castle of the Counts of Foix or, simply, Castle of Foix; it is on the top of a rocky hill that overlooks the city.
The old town, with narrow streets and houses of traditional architecture.
Saint-Volusien Abbey
The Villote (small town), in the Middle Ages, was a space outside the walls surrounding the city built in 1330.
They Fought for Their Country

They Fought for Their Country () is a 1975 Soviet war movie directed by Sergei Bondarchuk and stars Vasily Shukshin, Vyacheslav Tikhonov, and Sergei Bondarchuk. The movie is based on the eponymous novel written by Mikhail Sholokhov
Actors
Vasily Shukshin as Piotr Lopakhin
Vyacheslav Tikhonov as private Nikolay Strel'tsov
Sergei Bondarchuk as private Ivan Zvyagintsev
Georgi Burkov as private Alexandr Kopytovskij
Yuri Nikulin as private Nekrasov
Ivan Lapikov as starshina Poprischenko
Nikolai Gubenko as Lieutenant Goloshchekov
Andrei Rostotsky as gefreiter Kochetygov
Nikolai Volkov as private Nikiforov
Nikolai Shutko as cook Lisichenko
Yevgeni Samojlov as Colonel Marchenko
Nonna Mordyukova as Natalya Stepanovna
Lidiya Fedoseyeva-Shukshina as Glasha
Innokenti Smoktunovsky as Doctor
List of Pakistani writers

This is a list of writers from Pakistan. It is only partly complete. It includes writers of both fiction and non-fiction, writing in any language.
Dompierre-les-Ormes

Dompierre-les-Ormes is a commune of 898 people (2018). It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Saone-et-Loire department in east France.
Jim Henry (ice hockey)

Samuel James "Sugar Jim" Henry (October 23, 1920 - January 21, 2004) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. Henry played 406 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the New York Rangers, Chicago Black Hawks, and Boston Bruins.
Henry also played in the AHL for the New Haven Eagles/New Haven Ramblers and Indianapolis Capitals, as well as the USHL for the Kansas City Mohawks and the Omaha Knights. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1959 after playing 9 games with the St. Paul Saints of the IHL. After he retired, Henry coached the Toledo Mercurys of the IHL for 1 season and the Brandon Wheat Kings of the SJHL for 1 season.
On October 7, 1948, he was involved in a trade which sent him to the Chicago Black Hawkss for Emile Francis and Alex Kaleta. He was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame & Museum in 2004. He died on January 21, 2004.
Lost River

Lost River may refer to:
Communities
In Canada:
Lost River, Quebec, part of Harrington, Quebec
In the United States:
Lost River, Idaho
Lost River, Indiana
Lost River Township, Martin County, Indiana
Lost River, Kentucky
Lost River, West Virginia
Human rights in the Central African Republic

The Central African Republic, which the United Nations High Commissioner has described as undergoing "the most neglected crisis in the world", has an extremely poor human rights record.
Apocalypse

An apocalypse is a revelation: seeing something which has been hidden. It comes from the Greek word, Apokalypsis, which means "lifting of the veil", or finding out something secret. Often this secret is discovered in a dream or a vision.
In religion, the word describes Armageddon or the end of the world. This might have come from the words, apokalupsis eschaton, meaning all the secrets will be discovered "at the end of the aeon, or age". In Christianity The Apocalypse of John is the Book of Revelation, the last book of the Bible. It describes the end of the world, and the second coming of Jesus Christ.
Gondola lift

A gondola lift is a type of public transport. It consists of cabins fixed to a cable that travels between two stations. The cable is moved around by motors at the stations and is lifted from the ground by towers. A gondola lift is similar to a cable car, and sometimes it is called like that. However, unlike a cable car a gondola lift contains many cabins that go around at the same time. Usually the cabins slow down at the stations to allow passengers to get in or out.
Gondola lifts are mainly used in skiing resorts to transport tourists up and down the mountains.
List of incidents
The National Ski Areas Association reports 0.138 deaths per 100 million miles transported compared to 1.23 for cars.
October 22, 1979: One person was killed and 17 other injured when two gondolas fell from the "Swiss Sky Ride" at the Texas State Fair. Winds gusting to caused three cars to collide and two fell on midway games below the cable.
January 29, 1983: The Singapore Cable Car disaster, which saw seven people killed when two cabins plunged into the sea after the cableway was hit by a Panamanian-registered oil rig being towed.
September 5, 2005: Nine people died and ten were injured when a concrete block was accidentally dropped by a construction helicopter in Solden, Austria. Hundreds had to be evacuated from the lift.
July 13, 2006: Five people, including a three-year-old girl, were injured after two cable cars collided and one crashed to the ground. The accident took place at the Nevis Range, near Fort William in northwest Scotland. There were no fatalities and the gondola was deemed safe for operation shortly after the accident.
2006: Two gondolas collide During a trial run of the Ngong Ping 360, leaving 200 volunteers stranded high above Hong Kong for several hours.
February 18, 2007: A gondola car derailed from the cable at Ski Apache in New Mexico and rolled backwards hitting another car. Eight people were involved in the crash but only two suffered minor injuries.
March 2, 2008: A man fell out of a gondola in Chamonix and died, perhaps after he and one of his friends leaned on and broke the plexiglass window.
December 16, 2008: Ten people were injured (none seriously), and others left stranded after a tower supporting the Excalibur gondola lift on Blackcomb mountain collapsed, at the Whistler Blackcomb ski resort in Whistler, Canada.
January 31, 2011: A ten-year-old boy fell from a gondola in Hafjell, Norway. He suffered minor injuries.
Cologne Cable Car closed in July 2017 due to an accident.
August 2019: Someone cut the cable of the Sea to Sky Gondola in Squamish, British Columbia. No one was hurt but the gondola's cars were destroyed when they crashed to the ground. The tourist attraction was closed for repairs.
Kraisak Choonhavan

Kraisak Choonhavan (; 8 October 1947 - 11 June 2020) was a Thai politician. He was a member of the Senate for Nakhon Ratchasima Province from 2000 until 2006. He was also Deputy Leader of the Democrat Party from 2008 to 2011. He was born in Bangkok.
Choonhavan died of tongue cancer in Bangkok on 11 June 2020, aged 72.
Thomas Quasthoff

Thomas Quasthoff (born Hildesheim, Germany, 9 November 1959) is a German bass-baritone. He is thought of as one of the best singers of today. It was not easy for him to get a good musical education because of his physical disability. However, he has became one of the world's finest singers of German song (Lieder) and he also sings a wide variety of styles including Baroque music, opera and jazz.
Life
Quasthoff was born in Hildesheim, Germany. His mother had been taking the drug thalidomide during the pregnancy and this resulted in Thomas being born with physical handicaps. He has flipper-like hands and no arms, and he has very short legs.
Quasthoff wanted to study music at the conservatory, but he was not allowed to do so because there was a rule that every music student had to play the piano. It was impossible for Quasthoff to play an instrument because of his disability.
Quasthoff decided to study singing privately. After he had graduated from school he went to university to study law. He did not enjoy the subject, and after studying for three years he chose music as a career. At first he worked as a radio announcer. He got some experience in singing oratorio. Then, in 1988, he won the ARD International Music Competition in Munich. Many people, including Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, were very impressed with his singing. He became known as a Lieder singer. He first sang in America in 1995. He won many awards, including the Grammy Award for Best Classical Vocal Performance in 2000. It was for his performance together with the mezzo-soprano Anne Sofie von Otter of Mahler's Des Knaben Wunderhorn. They were accompanied by the Berlin Philharmonic conducted by Claudio Abbado. He won prizes for his singing of songs by Schubert, Brahms and Liszt, and Bach Cantatas.
Quasthoff teaches singing at the Hanns Eisler School of Music in Berlin. He is "artist in residence" at the Barbican Hall, London. A series called "Die Stimme" (The Voice) was made to celebrate his 50th birthday. It was also the title of his autobiography which was published in 2006.
In 2006 he married. His wife is a television journalist. The couple have a daughter and they live in Berlin.
Welsh Springer Spaniel

The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a breed of dog and a member of the spaniel family. They are similar to the English Springer Spaniel and historically have also been called the Welsh Spaniel and the Welsh Cocker Spaniel. This breed is usually energetic and helps hunters. They are used as a flushing dog. They are closely related to the English Springer Spaniel and the Cocker Spaniel.
York County, South Carolina

York County is a county located in the north-central section of the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 226,073. Its county seat is York, South Carolina, and its largest city is Rock Hill.
Odd Future Records

Odd Future Records is a record label founded by Tyler The Creator in 2011. It is based on the group Odd Future. It has signed acts such as Odd Future as well as its subgroups. It also has signed other acts such as The Jet Of Tommorow and Internet.
Kenny McCormick

Kenneth James "Kenny" McCormick is a fictional character in the animated television series South Park.
Appearance
Kenny always wears an orange parka, which partially obscures his face. Kenny's voice is hard to understand because of his parka. This is done mainly because the things he says are usually vulgar, when compared to other characters. Even though his dialogue is not understood by the viewer, Stan, Kyle, and Cartman can understand him clearly.
Family
Kenny comes from a very poor family. He is the most cosmopolitan of the four boys. Kenny is close friends with Eric Cartman, Stan Marsh, and Kyle Broflovski. The others often ask him to explain sexual terms they do not understand.
Dying
It was an on-going part during the earlier episodes of the series that Kenny dies in most of the episodes. His death is not permanent. He usually returned for the next episode but characters rarely talk about him having ever died. Kenny's face is always somewhat hidden by his parka or other things that can cover his face.
In one episode in season five, Kenny dies from an illness and is not seen again for another season. During this time, the three boys look for a new fourth member. This included: Timmy Burch (briefly), and Tweek Tweak and Butters Stotch (who both shared the main role of fourth member).
Tropaeolum

Tropaeolum is a genus of roughly 80 species of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants and the only genus in the family Tropaeolaceae. The genus Tropaeolum is native in Central America and South America. The roots of the specie T. polyphyllum from Chile can survive underground when air temperatures drop as low as -15degC (5degF).
Northwestern China

Northwestern China is made up of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai Provinces and Ningxia and Xinjiang Autonomous Regions. It is China's poorest and driest region. It is also where most of China's Muslims live. The largest city in the region is Xi'an, the capital of of Shaanxi Province. Northwest China is where the Silk Road used to be. Food in Northwest China is often made of mutton, beef, spices, and wheat.
Jerry Adriani

Jerry Adriani (Jair Alves de Sousa; 29 January 1947 - 23 April 2017) was a Brazilian singer, musician and actor. He began his career in television while working with Rede Tupi in Sao Paulo. His early works were as a vocalist for the group Os Rebeldes.
Adriani died at a hospital in Rio de Janeiro from cancer on 23 April 2017, aged 70.
Bill Mack (songwriter)

Bill Mack (June 4, 1932 - July 31, 2020) was an American country music singer-songwriter, and radio host. He was born in Fort Worth, Texas. He was known for his songs "Blue" and "Drinking Champagne". He was also known for hosting radio shows on WBAP and XM Radio.
Mack died of COVID-19 in Fort Worth on July 31, 2020 at the age of 88.
Brian Kobilka

Brian Kent Kobilka (born May 30, 1955) is an American physiologist. He is best known for his work with G protein-coupled receptors, for which he was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Robert Lefkowitz.He is currently a professor in the department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2011.
Acellular

Acellular or non-cellular life is life that exists without a cellular structure. Some scientists say that a virus is a type of life form.
Dubliner cheese

Dubliner is an Irish type of hard cheese made from pasteurized cow milk. It is aged for a year or two and mostly made by Carbery in County Cork. It is named after the city of Dublin.
The cheese has a sharp and sweet flavour.
Supermarine Spitfire

The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft. It was used by the Royal Air Force and many other Allied countries throughout the Second World War, gaining its respect when defending the English Channel from the Luftwaffe in Operation Sea Lion and the Battle of Britain. The Spitfire was designed by R. J. Mitchell as a short-range, high-performance interceptor aircraft. There were more Spitfires made than any other British aircraft and it was the only British fighter that was being made throughout the war.
The Supermarine Spitfire was no doubt one of the very best British warplanes, and a large roleplayer of WWII. It had great speed, agility and weaponry. Over time, the Spitfire evolved into an even better aircraft. This is all a pilot could ask for. It had very few flaws, the main being that the engine would usually stall when entering a dive or when experiencing negative pressure/G-Forces due to its float carburetor engine.
The Spitfire's elliptical wing had a thin cross-section. This allowed a higher top speed than other fighters of the time, including the Hawker Hurricane. The elliptic shaped wing gives the aircraft a very low amount of induced drag. Speed was seen as essential to carry out the mission of home defence against enemy bombers. The original airframe was designed to be powered by a Rolls-Royce Merlin engine producing 1,030 hp (768 kW).
Because of its higher performance, Spitfire units had a higher victory-to-loss ratio than units flying Hurricanes.
Tony Sparano

Tony Sparano (October 7, 1961 - July 22, 2018) was an American Football offensive coodinator for the New York Jets of the National Football League. He was previously the head coach of the Miami Dolphins. (Took over from Cam Cameron.) In his first season with Miami (2008), Sparano got the team from a 1-15 record to 11-5 and the division lead. However, the remainder of Sparano's Dolphins career was a disappointment.
Personal
Sparano and his wife, Jeanette, have two sons: Tony, Andrew, both members of the University at Albany. At age 17, Sparano had an incident which burnt his eyes, which is why he always wears his signature sunglasses even at night.
On July 19, 2018, Sparano was hospitalized in Eden Prairie, Minnesota after suffering from chest pains. He was released the following day and died two days later from a type of coronary heart disease at the age of 56.
La Bouteille

La Bouteille is a commune. It is in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in north France.
Boethius

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly called Boethius (; also Boetius ; 477 - 524 AD), was a Roman philosopher. He was from the important Roman Anicia family, which included the Roman Emperors Petronius Maximus and Olybrius. In 510 Boethius became consul in the kingdom of the Ostrogoths. He was put in prison and later executed, by King Theodoric the Great, who thought he was secretly working with the Byzantine Empire. In prison, Boethius wrote the Latin philosophy book Consolation of Philosophy. In the Middle Ages, it was a famous and important book.
Kamala Nehru Park

SHOE PARK
a park in India. It covers an area of 4,000 sq yd (3,300 m2). It is located at the top of Mumbai's Malabar Hill. The park is named after Kamala Nehru, the wife of India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
A place often visited by schoolchildren, it has little to offer by way of entertainment apart from a structure shaped like a shoe. The shoe structure is inspired by the nursery rhyme "There was an old woman."
From the garden, one can see Chowpatty Beach, and the DOLLY
NECKLACE's
Parks in India
Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics

The association football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics were held from 3 to 20 August in Brazil.
The tournament were feature both the men's and women's teams. The men's teams can only have players who were born on or after 1 January 1993, and the women's teams have no age limit.
The tournament were played in six cities: Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Brasilia, Salvador, Sao Paulo, and Manaus.
Qualified teams
Men
The top 4 teams in the 2015 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualify, the winner of the 2015 Pacific Games qualifies, the top 2 teams in the 2015 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualify, the top 3 teams from the 2015 Africa U-23 Cup of Nations qualify, the top 3 teams from the 2016 AFC U-23 Championship qualify and the winner of the 2016 CONCACAF-CONMEBOL play-off qualifies.
Women
The best two European teams from the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup qualify, the winner of the 2014 Copa America Femenina qualifies (which was Brazil but they already qualified for being hosts, so the runners-up qualified instead), the top 2 teams from the 2015 CAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament qualify, the winner of the 2016 OFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament qualifies, the top 2 teams from the 2016 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualify, the top 2 teams from the 2016 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament qualify and the winner of the 2016 UEFA Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament qualifies.
Graham T. Allison

Graham Tillett Allison Jr. (born March 23, 1940) is an American political scientist and educator. He is a professor at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard.
His book Remaking Foreign Policy: The Organizational Connection was published in 1976. He had some influence on the foreign policy of the administration of President Jimmy Carter who took office in early 1977.
Since the 1970s, Allison has also been a leading analyst of U.S. national security and defense policy, with a special interest in nuclear weapons and terrorism.
Hail to Bermuda

"Hail to Bermuda" is the anthem of Bermuda.
Lyrics
Tropical Storm Bret (1993)

Tropical Storm Bret was a deadly storm that crossed Venezuela, Colombia and eastern Nicaragua. Winds of this storm peaked at 60 miles an hour. Bret caused serious damage and the deaths of almost 200 people along its path. The storm happened in early August 1993. It was the deadliest Atlantic cyclone of the 1993 Atlantic storm season.
Fionnula Flanagan

Fionnula Flanagan (December 10, 1941) is an Irish actress who works mostly in movies and television. She has also acted on stage, and is also a political activist. Flanagan was born in Dublin, Ireland.
Stowmarket railway station

Stowmarket railway station is a station in Suffolk, England for Stowmarket. Trains are run by Greater Anglia to London, Norwich, Ipswich, Cambridge and Peterborough.
North Mankato, Minnesota

North Mankato is a city in Nicollet and Blue Earth counties in the State of Minnesota. The population was 13,394 at the 2010 census.
Blood Work (movie)

Blood Work is a 2002 American mystery thriller movie produced, directed by, and starring Clint Eastwood. The movie co-stars Jeff Daniels, Wanda De Jesus, and Anjelica Huston. It is based on the 1998 novel of the same name by Michael Connelly.
The movie was released on August 9, 2002 to mixed reviews.
Närke

Narke is a historical province in central Sweden. The older spellning, Nerike, is still around in the name of local newspaper Nerikes Allehanda.
Sally Carman

Sally Carman-Duttine (born 9 May 1981) is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Kelly Maguire in the Channel 4 comedy-drama series Shameless (2005-2013), and Abi Franklin in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2017-present).
Carman was born in Mexborough, South Yorkshire, the county of England. At 18, she attended the LAMDA drama school in London.
She has also appeared in Doctors, Heartbeat, and Holby City.
2021 Myanmar coup d'état

On 1 February 2021, there was a coup d'etat in Myanmar. Important leaders including State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and President Win Myint were detained as the military (Tatmadaw) took control of the government.
History
Myanmar (also known as Burma) has been under military rule before. General Ne Win led a coup in 1962. In 1988, many people protested against the military government because they were not happy with it. They wanted elections with many parties running so that normal people could change the government. The military killed many protestors.(3000-10000 as estimated).
Aung San Suu Kyi is the daughter of General Aung San, who helped free Burma from British rule. After 1988, she became a pro-democracy activist. In 1990, her party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), won the elections in a landslide. However, the government refused to say that her party won.
In 2011, Suu Kyi's party won the elections. However, she is not allowed to be president of the country because her family (her late husband Michael Aris and two sons) are British citizens. So she became State Counsellor, which is like a prime minister.
In 2020, there was an election in Myanmar. The NLD won the election but Tatmadaw accused that there was an election fraud and made a coup at the early morning of February 1st of 2021. However, the proof that there was a fraud is not found, so far and people believes that Tatmadaw made the coup because the generals wants to restart the military dictatorship which ended about 10 years ago. After coup, people protests began in the whole country with many people because they wanted their elected government back but Tatmadaw disagree and killed many protesting people (around 1000 estimated), which led the People Defensive War, the national wide armed resistance against the military regime,
Events
Early in the morning of 1 February, Suu Kyi and other leaders in her party were taken away in a raid. Then the Internet and phone lines were cut off so that people could not talk to others inside or outside the countries.
Reactions
A lot of leaders in other countries around the world said that they were really worried about what was going on in Burma.
Paul Marland

Paul Marland (19 March 1940 - 7 April 2021) was a British Conservative politician.
Marland became a Member of Parliament for the marginal seat of West Gloucestershire from Labour in 1979. He served until 1997.
He was president of the National Conservative Convention in 2005.
Marland died in April 2021 at the age of 81.
Hold My Hand (Michael Jackson and Akon song)

"Hold My Hand" is a song by Michael Jackson featuring Akon. It was recorded in 2008. It was released posthumously in 2010, a year after Jackson's untimely death. It reached ten in the UK Singles Chart.
Sandra Gomez Perez

Sandra Gomez Perez (born May 22, 1986 in Pamplona, Navarra) is a swimmer from Spain. She has a disability: she is blind and is an B2/S12 type swimmer. She raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and 2008 Summer Paralympics. She finished first at the 2004 Games in the Women's SB12 100 meter breaststroke race. She finished second in the Women's SB12 100 meter breaststroke at the 2008 Games.
Scrotum

The scrotum is the bag that holds the testicles (commonly called balls) in male mammals. It is made of skin and muscle and is found between the penis and anus. It is often covered in pubic hair and becomes tight when the male is aroused. The scrotum has a seam or slightly raised line of skin which is called the raphe.
Use
The function of the scrotum is to keep the testicles less warm than the rest of the body. Human testicles work best at 36.8 degrees Celsius (98 degrees Fahrenheit) when normal body temperature is 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit). Higher temperatures than 36.8 degrees will damage the sperm inside the testicles.
The temperature is controlled by moving the testicles closer to the abdomen when they are too cold, and away when too hot. This is done by muscles contracting or relaxing. This lifts and lowers the testicles inside the scrotum. The scrotum will usually tighten during erection. The testicles can also be lifted by tightening the anus and pelvic muscles.
Some men put jewelry on the scrotum, mainly for decoration.
Temperature
The best temperature for the testes varies between species, but usually it is a bit cooler than body temperature. This means that the testicles have to be held outside of the body in most male mammals.
Protection
The scrotum may move the testes closer to the abdomen when in danger. Testes are extremely sensitive, and hitting or injuring them causes extreme pain. Males avoid this by involunatirly moving the testes closer.
Another explanation for the location of the scrotum is to that their exterior location protects the testes from jolts and being crushed inside the body. Animals that have slow movements - such as elephants, whales, and moles - have internal testes and no scrotum.
When the scrotum is hanging loosely, the testicular cords that the testicle hangs from can get twisted. This is especially prone to happen during exercise. This is called testicular_torsion. It is a medical emergency.
Dick Smith (third baseman)

Richard Harrison Smith (July 21, 1926 - January 25, 2021) was an American professional baseball player. He appeared in 70 games over parts of five Major League Baseball seasons (1951-1955) as a member of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Smith was born in Blandburg, Pennsylvania.
Smith died on January 25, 2021 in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania at the age of 94.
Jesse James Hollywood

Jesse James Hollywood (born January 28, 1980 in Los Angeles, California) is an American drug dealer and former fugitive. He kidnapped and had someone murder Nicholas Markowitz.
Marvin Kalb

Marvin Leonard Kalb (born June 9, 1930) is an American journalist. Kalb was the founding director of the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy and Edward R. Murrow Professor of Press and Public Policy from 1987 to 1999.
Kalb spent 30 years as an award-winning reporter for CBS News and NBC News. Kalb was the last newsman hired by Edward R. Murrow to join CBS News.
At NBC, he served as chief Diplomatic Correspondent and host of Meet the Press. His brother, Bernard Kalb, is also a journalist.
Free as a Bird

Free as a Bird may mean:
"Free as a Bird" (song), a song by The Beatles
Free as a Bird (album), an album by Supertramp
Wikon

Wikon is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Jefferson, Iowa

Jefferson is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is the county seat of Greene County. The number of people living in Jefferson was 4,345 at the 2010 census. It is the home of the Mahanay Memorial Bell Tower, which is in the town square, and can be seen for miles.
Amritsar Tahsil

Amritsar Tahsil was an administrative subdivision of the Lahore Division in British Punjab of British India. The tahsil had an area of 545 square miles. To the west was Lahore situated on the Ravi River and east was the Beas River, which divided it from the State of Kapurthala. The area contained fertile land irrigated by the Bari Doab Canal. The city of Amritsar city is located in this area. The population of the tahsil in 1901 was 488,383, compared with 462,734 in 1891. The city of Amritsar (population, 162,429 in 1901) was the headquarters. It also contained the towns of Majitha (6,403) and Jandiala Guru (7,750); and 373 villages.
Clumanc

Clumanc is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.
Geography
The river Asse de Clumanc flows south through the commune.
Radekhiv

Radekhiv (, ) is a city in Lviv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Radekhiv Raion. About 9,230 live there.
Emptiness

Emptiness is a sense of general boredom, feeling socially separated from other people, and feeling that you do not care any more. Feelings of emptiness often accompany depression, loneliness, or despair. A sense of emptiness is also part of a natural process of grief, caused by separation from or the death of somebody you love.
While Christianity and Western sociologists and psychologists consider a state of emptiness as a negative, bad condition, in some Eastern philosophies such as Buddhist philosophy and Taoism, emptiness is seen as a real achievement.
Lucy Hale

Karen Lucille "Lucy" Hale (born June 14, 1989 in Memphis, Tennessee) is an American actress and singer. Her movies include Scream 4, Bionic Woman and Privileged. She also acted in the TV series Pretty Little Liars.
Hradec Králové

Hradec Kralove () is a city in the Czech Republic. It is the capital of the Hradec Kralove Region. It has about 93,000 inhabitants.
F.C. Pakhtakor Tashkent

F.C. Pakhtakor Tashkent is a football club which plays in Uzbekistan.
Ui Miyazaki

; born August 23) is a Japanese voice actress from Tokyo, Japan.
Anime cast in
Ar Tonelico as Orica Mestomille
D.C.S.S. ~Da Capo Second Season~ as Aisia
Gift ~eternal rainbow~ as Kirino Konosaka
Hime-sama Goyojin as Na-na
Izumo: Takeki Tsurugi no Senki as Suzaku
Magical Kanan as Emi Kojima
Ray as Aka Ribbon
Strawberry Panic! as Remon Natsume
Sumomomo Momomo as Iroha Minamoto
Stenian

The Stenian is the last geological period in the Mesoproterozoic. It began 1.2 billion years ago, and ended at 1 billion years ago. Before it was the Ectasian. It is followed by the Tonian.
The supercontinent Rodinia began forming in this period.
Fossils of the first known sexually-reproducing eukaryotes are found at the end of the previous period in the Hunting Formation on Somerset Island, Nunavut, Canada.
This period includes the Keweenawan Age at about 1100 mya.
Fritz Levitus

Fritz Levitus was an Austrian football player and coach.
He played in the Austrian championship first with Wiener AF in the seasons 1915, 1915-16 and 1916-17, and then with Hakoah Wien in the seasons 1921-22 and 1922-23.
Later he became a coach and managed Yugoslav club FK Vojvodina between 1936 and 1938. He also coached Maccabi Brno in Czechoslovakia.
Pedestrian scramble

A pedestrian scramble, or 'X' crossing is also known as a diagonal crossing, Barnes dance (US), or scramble intersection / scramble corner (Canada).
It is a type of crossing which temporarily stops all traffic. This lets pedestrians cross an intersection in every direction.
It was first used in Canada and the United States in the late 1940s. It fell out of favor with traffic engineers, because it gave priority to pedestrians over the flow of car traffic. Its safety and benefits to pedestrians has led to its being installed in many countries recently.
Mérindol

Merindol is a commune of 1,923 people (2006). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France. The town has a Mediterranean climate with hot and dry summers and mild winters. It does not rain very often and snow is rare. Protected by the Luberon, a mountain range, the town is sheltered from the mistral, a cold dry wind that blows from the north. The town was first built on a hill which was easy to defend. After the town was destroyed in 1545, it was rebuilt on the plain, near the river.
History
A ferry was in use to cross the Durance River in the year 1240. Merindol was abandoned, probably because of plague, in the 15th century.
In the late Middle Ages, Louis II of Provence sold the land to the lords of Abacus-Cental and Rocca Sparviera. They moved in farming families from Piedmont. The farmers were followers of Pierre Vaudes (Peter Waldo). They were part of a group, known as the Vaudois or Waldensians, who had separated from the Catholic Church in 1170. They believed in a simple life based on a line in the Gospel of Matthew. This put them in opposition to the rich and powerful church. In 1530, a Dominican priest, Jean de Roma, began a campaign against the Vaudois because he said they were heretics. His gangs attacked the town and burnt many houses and killed many of the people.
In 1540, de Roma arrested a flour miller from Merindol, took his mill, and then burned the man at the stake. On November 18 1540, 19 more people were sentenced to death by burning at the stake, and the town was ordered to be completely destroyed. A group from the town went to the king to save the people and the village. He gave them until 1545 AD to give up their religion and rejoin the Catholic Church. On April 18 1545, the village was completely burned and about 12 of the Vaudois still living there were killed. Over one week there were attacks on 11 other small villages, and it is thought that about 3000 people were killed. Many of the Vaudois from Merindol were able to escape and ran away to Switzerland.
The Path of Memory
In 1977, members of Vaudois organizations in Germany, France and Italy built a path in memory of the people who had been killed for their religious beliefs. The path leads to the ruins of the Vaudois church.
Sandomierz

Sandomierz (pronounced: ; ) is a historical town in south-eastern Poland. In 2017, 23,863 people lived here.
Freemasonry

Freemasonry is an organization of people who believe in brotherhood and helping others. Its members are known as "Freemasons" (in full: "Ancient Free and Accepted Masons", or simply "Masons"). Freemasons also help one another in times of hardship. Freemasonry can be found all over the world in various forms. About 6 million people are Freemasons.
The local groups in various countries are known as "lodges". At the State or National level are "Grand Lodges". These are independent of each other. "Regular" Freemasonry is only for men, but there are also co-ed Masonic lodges (and lodges for only Women) that are not recognized as legitimate by the "regular" groups. All of these lodges believe in "brotherly love, relief and truth". They do work for charities such as running schools for orphaned children. There is a Royal Masonic Hospital which is a home for old members and their families.
The word mason means a construction worker who works with stone. He is also called a "stonemason". Freemasonry grew from the groups (guilds) of stonemasons in the Middle Ages. These men were building cathedrals and other big buildings. They were called freemasons because they were free, they were not servants who belonged to a rich lord, like many workers were in those days. They often changed jobs and moved from one town to another. In this way they were different from other craftsmen who often worked in one place and had guilds in one town. The stonemasons tried to keep their skills secret so only they knew how to do their job. This is probably why the Freemasons have hand shakes and passwords that they swear to keep secret.
About 1650, Masons' guilds started to let people who were not masons into their guilds. In 1717, the first Grand Lodge (the Grand Lodge of England) was formed. It developed into the governing body of Freemasonry in England. In 1813, it merged with a rival and is now called the United Grand Lodge of England.
Freemasonry is controversial and has been opposed. The Anti-Masonic Party (1827-34) was important in early American politics. The Catholic Church opposes Freemasonry, although Freemasonry itself does not block Catholics. Political authorities also sometimes oppose it. Nazi Germany and Eastern Bloc nations outlawed freemasonry.
Israel Yinon

Israel Yinon (11 January 1956 - 29 January 2015) was an Israeli conductor. He was known for reviving works of forgotten German composers who were forbidden under Adolf Hitler.
Yinon died after collapsing onstage at a youth concert at the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts in Switzerland. He was 59 years old. His cause of death is currently unknown.
Meslay, Calvados

Meslay, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie, in the Calvados department, in the northwest of France.
Solar rotation

Like other celestial bodies, the Sun rotates. This is known as solar rotation. Because the Sun is not solid, the speed of rotation is different in different parts of its atmosphere. At the equator, one rotation takes about 25 days. At the poles, one rotation takes about 38 days. Why this rotation speed varies is currently being researched. The upper and lower chromosphere rotates when the sun rotates.
Kazuyoshi Miura

is a Japanese football player. He plays for the Japan national team. His brother Yasutoshi Miura also played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Miura was born in Shizuoka on February 26, 1967. After he dropped out from Shizuoka Gakuen High School, he moved to Brazil in 1982. He played several clubs including Santos, Palmeiras and Coritiba. In 1990, he returned to Japan and joined Japan Soccer League (JSL) club Yomiuri (later Verdy Kawasaki). In 1992, JSL was folded and the club joined new league, J1 League. The club won the last two JSL titles in 1991 and 1992, and Verdy Kawasaki won the first two J1 League titles in 1993 and 1994. He was named the first J1League MVP award in 1993. Miura then became the first Japanese footballer to play in Italy, joining Genoa in the 1994/95 Serie A season. In 1995, he returned to Verdy Kawasaki. He became a top scorer with 23 goals in 1996. In January 1999, he moved to Croatia Zagreb. The club won the Prva HNL in 1998/99 season. In July 1999, he returned to Japan and joined Kyoto Purple Sanga. However the club was relegated to J2 League end of 2000 season. In 2001, he moved to J1 club Vissel Kobe. His opportunity to play decreased in 2005 and he moved to J2 club Yokohama FC in July. In November, he moved to Sydney FC on loan and also played at 2005 Club World Championship. In 2006, he returned to Yokohama FC and won the champions in J2. In 2007, the club played in J1 first time in the club history. However the club finished at the bottom place and was relegated to J2 in a year. The club was promoted to J1 from 2020 again.
In 1990, Miura was selected the Japan national team for 1990 Asian Games. At this tournament, he debuted against Bangladesh on September 26. In 1992, he was selected the Japan for 1992 Asian Cup which held in Japan and Japan team won the champions. In 1993, he played at 1994 World Cup qualification in Doha. However Japan failed to qualify for the 1994 World Cup. It was known as the "Agony of Doha" (dohanoBei Ju ) in Japan. He also played at 1994 Asian Games, 1995 King Fahd Cup and 1996 Asian Cup. In 1997, Miura scored 14 goals in 13 matches for Japan during 1998 World Cup qualification, leading the Japan to their first ever World Cup. However was not selected Japan for 1998 World Cup. He played 89 games and scored 55 goals for Japan until 2000.
The Yellow Kid

The Yellow Kid is the name of a comic strip character. He appeared from 1895 to 1898 in the New York World, and later in the New York Journal. The Yellow Kid was created and drawn by Richard F. Outcault in the comic strip Hogan's Alley. It was one of the first Sunday supplement comic strips in an American newspaper. Its graphical layout had already been established in political and other, purely-for-entertainment cartoons.
The Yellow Kid was a bald, snaggle-toothed boy who wore an over-sized yellow nightshirt and hung around in a slum alley. This alley was typical of certain areas of squalor that existed in turn of the 19th to 20th century New York City. Hogan's Alley was filled with equally odd characters, mostly other children. With a goofy grin, the Kid spoke in a ragged, peculiar slang. This slang was printed on his shirt, a device meant to mock advertising billboards.
Jane Campion

Dame Elizabeth Jane Campion (born 30 April 1954) is a New Zealand director, screenwriter, and producer. She became the first woman to be nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Director. She is also the first female filmmaker to win the Palme d'Or for The Piano (1993). This movie also won her the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. She won the Oscar for Best Director for her movie The Power of the Dog (2021).
Le Moulinet-sur-Solin

Le Moulinet-sur-Solin is a French commune. It is in the Loiret department.
Verne Lundquist

Merton Laverne "Verne" Lundquist, Jr. (born June 17, 1940) is a longtime sportscaster with CBS Sports and formally with Turner Sports and ABC Sports.
He backed up Chris Schenkel for ABC'S covering of bowling. He also called college football games for ABC. He started his career as the voice of the Dallas Cowboys. During his time at Turner Sports, he called college football, NFL, and NBA games for TNT and/or TBS. Lundquist replaced Gary Bender as play-by-play announcer for TNT Sunday Night Football before ESPN took over for Sunday Night Football full-time.
Lundquist currently calls SEC games and other college football games for CBS with Gary Danielson and sideline reporter Tracy Wolfson. Lundquist also calls college basketball and golf tournaments for CBS. He used to call NFL and NBA games for the network.
Lundquist is a native of Duluth, Minnesota. He graduated from Texas Lutheran College.
Pre-shared key

In cryptography, a pre-shared key or PSK is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it is used. Such systems almost always use symmetric key cryptographic algorithms.
The characteristics of this secret or key are determined by the system which uses it; some system require that such keys be in a specific format. It can be a password like 'bret13i', a passphrase like 'Idaho hung gear id gene', or a hexadecimal string like '65E4 E556 8622 EEE1'. The secret is used by all systems involved in the cryptographic processes used to secure the traffic between the systems.
The term is used in Wi-Fi encryption such as WEP or WPA, where both the wireless access points (AP) and all clients share the same key.
Since one weakpoint of the crypto system is the encryption algorithm's key, the key strength is important, and since the strength of a key is in part dependent on the key length, it is important to choose a key whose length is cryptographically secure (see password strength). There are several tools available to help one choose a strong key. The Diceware method is one example.
Lambda calculus

In mathematical logic and computer science, lambda calculus, also l-calculus, is a formal system (a system that can be used to figure out different logical theories and ideas). It was made to explore different ways of creating and using mathematical functions, and it lays out rules for doing this. It is also a tool for exploring recursion, and it has been used to explain what a computable function is. It was made by Alonzo Church and Stephen Cole Kleene in the 1930s. In 1936, Church used lambda calculus to show that there is no solution to the Entscheidungsproblem.
Lambda calculus can be called the smallest universal programming language. At its core, lambda calculus is made up of just one transformation rule (something called variable substitution) and just one way to define a function. Each function definition has a list of the function's parameters, which are all of the variables that can be used in that function. Variable substitution is where specific variables in a function are replaced by other values (for example, the value could take the place of every spot in a function where the variable appears). This is called a transformation rule because it can be used to transform lambda expressions by changing around their values.
Lambda calculus is considered "universal" because it can be used to both create and find the answer to any computable function. This is exactly what a Turing machine can do, so lambda calculus and Turing machines are said to be equivalent. However, lambda calculus focuses more on the use of transformation rules. It does not care about the actual machine that puts those rules into place. It is an approach more related to software than to hardware.
There is no way to answer the question of whether two lambda calculus expressions are the same as each other (in more specific words, there is no general algorithm that can show that two lambda expressions are equivalent). This was the first problem where the idea of undecidability could be proven. Later, undecidability was also proven for the halting problem, where it was shown that there is no general way to show whether or not a program will keep running forever. Lambda calculus has had large effects on lots of functional programming languages, such as LISP, ML, and Haskell.
Denny Miller

Denny Scott Miller (born Dennis Linn Miller; April 25, 1934 - September 9, 2014) was an American actor. He was best best known for his role as Tarzan in the movie Tarzan, the Ape Man (1959). He also appeared in many television series such as Wagon Train, Gilligan's Island, Magnum, P.I., The Brady Bunch and Gunsmoke.
Miller was born in Bloomington, Indiana. He was married to Kit Smythe until their divorce. He was later married to Nancy Miller until his death.
Miller died from Lou Gehrig's disease on September 9, 2014 in Las Vegas, Nevada. He was 80. He was also diagnosed with the disease in January 2014.
Coincy, Aisne

Coincy is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
James IV of Scotland

James IV (17 March 1473 - 9 September 1513) was King of Scotland from 1488 through 1513. He was an effective ruler and popular king unlike his unpopular father James III of Scotland.
Death
He was killed in battle at the Battle of Flodden on 9th September 1513 and was replaced by his 17 month old son James V of Scotland.