kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland

This is a list of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland with cultural and natural heritage in Switzerland that are in UNESCO's World Heritage List.
Currently, eleven properties are on the World Heritage List. Eight of these are cultural properties and three are natural properties. The first three were added to the list in 1983 and the latest in 2011.
428

Year 428 (CDXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Events
Roman Empire
Bonifacius, Roman governor of Africa, asks for help from the Vandals in his revolt.
Flavius Felix is elected consul for the Western Empire.
Europe
King Gunderic, age 49, dies after a reign of 21 years. He is succeeded by his half-brother Genseric.
King Vortigern asks Germanic warriors to help him strengthen his position in Britain. He hires Saxons as mercenaries to fight against the Picts and the Scots beyond Hadrian's Wall.
Chlodio, king of the Salian Franks, invades Northern Gaul. He defeats the Roman army at Cambrai. He extends his kingdom south to the River Somme. Tournai (modern Belgium) becomes his residence.
Asia
Artaxias IV, last king of Greater Armenia, is deposed by Bahram V. The Arshakuni Dynasty ends and the kingdom becomes a province of the Persian Empire.
By topic
Astronomy
October 26 - The planet Venus occults the planet Jupiter.
Religion
April 10 - Nestorius is made patriarch of Constantinople. He preaches a new doctrine that will be called Nestorianism. It comes under immediate attack from pope Celestine I and Cyril of Alexandria.
Hydatius becomes bishop of Aquae Flaviae in Gallaecia (modern Chaves) in Portugal.
John succeeds Theodotus as patriarch of Antioch, and gives his support to Nestorius.
Euthymius the Great builds a monastery in Palestine, near the Dead Sea.
Kamrieng District

Kamrieng District () is a district (srok) of Battambang Province, in north-western Cambodia.
Administration
The district is subdivided into 6 communes (khum).
Duisburg

Duisburg (; , Ripuarian: Duisburch, Low Franconian: Duusborg) is a German city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is where the Rhine and the Ruhr rivers meet. About 500,000 people live in Duisburg.
Spectral Force

is a simualtion role-playing game franchises developed and published by Idea Factory.
1997 video games
Idea Factory games
PlayStation games
Japan exclusive video games
PlayStation 2 games
Nintendo DS games
Video game series
Inés Arrimadas

Ines Arrimadas Garcia (; born 3 July 1981) is a Spanish lawyer and politician. She has been a member of the Congress of Deputies since 2019 and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress. In 2020, she was elected party leader.
Ashmore and Cartier Islands

The Territory of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands () is the collective name for two groups of small low-lying uninhabited tropical islands. The islands are in the Indian Ocean north-west of Australia and south of the Indonesian island of Roti. The Australian mainland is about to the southwest, the island of Timor (and Roti next to it) is about to the north.
The territory includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island east with, a total area of within the reefs and including the lagoons, and of dry land. They have a long coastline, over , but there are no ports or harbours, only offshore anchorage. Nearby Hibernia Reef, northeast of Ashmore Reef, is not part of the territory, because it has no permanently dry land area, although large parts of the reef become exposed during low tide.
Government
The territory is administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment and Heritage. Therefore, it is a dependency within the commonwealth. The islands are visited by seasonal caretakers.
Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan

Tuanku Sir Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad (Jawi: ; 24 August 1895 - 1 April 1960) was the first Paramount Ruler or Yang di-Pertuan Agong of the Federation of Malaya, eighth Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Seri Menanti and second Yang di-Pertuan Besar of modern Negeri Sembilan.
Karl Miller

Karl Fergus Connor Miller (2 August 1931 - 24 September 2014) was a British literary editor, critic and writer. He was a founding editor of the London Review of Books from 1979 until 1992. Before this, he was an editor of The Listener magazine from 1963 until 1973. He later reviewed works by writers such as J. G. Ballard, Robert Burns, Graham Greene, Ted Hughes and Ian McEwan for The Times Literary Supplement.
Miller was born in the small town of Straiton, Loanhead in Midlothian to the south of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. He studied in both Edinburgh and at Downing College of the University of Cambridge. He was married to Jane Collet. They had three children: two sons, Daniel and Sam, and a daughter, Georgia.
Miller died on 24 September 2014 at his home in North London, aged 83.
Les chansons en or

'Les chansons en or' (English: The Golden Songs) is a greatest hits album by Canadian singer Celine Dion.
Track listing
"Ce n'etait qu'un reve" (Therese Dion, Celine Dion, Jacques Dion) - 3:52
"La voix du bon Dieu" (Eddy Marnay, Suzanne-Mia Dumont) - 3:22
"Tellement j'ai d'amour pour toi" (Marnay, Hubert Giraud) - 3:01
"D'amour ou d'amitie" (Eddy, Jean Pierre Lang, Roland Vincent) - 4:05
"Mon ami m'a quittee" (Marnay, Christian Loigerot, Thierry Geoffroy) - 3:05
"Les chemins de ma maison" (Marnay, Patrick Lemaitre, Alain Bernard) - 4:16
"Mon reve de toujours" (Marnay, Jean-Pierre Goussaud) - 4:23
"Melanie" (Marnay, Diane Juster) - 3:48
"Une colombe" (Paul Baillargeon, Marcel Lefebvre) - 3:13
"C'est pour toi" (Marnay, Francois Orenn) - 4:07
"Fais ce que tu voudras" (Marnay, Rene Grignon) - 3:43
Release history
1986 albums
Celine Dion albums
Pop albums
Eugene Wright

Eugene Joseph Wright (May 29, 1923 - December 30, 2020) was an American jazz bassist. He was a member of the Dave Brubeck Quartet.
Wright died on December 30, 2020 in Los Angeles at the age of 97.
Archaefructus

Archaefructus is an extinct genus of herbaceous aquatic seed plants. Its fossils come from the Yixian Formation in northeastern China, about 125 million years ago in the early Cretaceous. Archaefructus is the earliest known genus of flowering plants.
It lacks sepals and petals. Its reproductive organs, carpels and stamens, are produced on an elongate stem rather than condensed into a flower as in modern angiosperms. Archaefructaceae has been proposed as a new basal angiosperm family.
An alternate interpretation of the same fossil has the long stem as an inflorescence rather than a flower, with staminate (male) flowers below and pistillate (female) flower above. The discovery of Archaefructus eoflora supports this interpretation, because a bisexual flower is present between staminate and pistillate organs. If this is correct, Archaefructus may not be basal within angiosperms, but it may be close to the Nymphaeales or the basal eudicots.
Jeralean Talley

Jeralean Talley (nee Kurtz; May 23, 1899 - June 17, 2015) was an American supercentenarian who was, at the age of 116 years, 25 days, the verified world's oldest living person.
She was previously thought to be the oldest living American, from the death of Elsie Thompson on March 21, 2013 until Gertrude Weaver was verified to be older in July 2014. Upon Weaver's death on April 6, 2015, Talley became the world's oldest living person evidence of their age.
Talley is the oldest validated person ever born in the U.S. state of Georgia.
Daniel Bernoulli

Daniel Bernoulli (February 8, 1700 - March 8, 1782) was a Swiss mathematician and one of many famous mathematicians in the House of Bernoulli. He is remembered for his mathematical applications to mechanics, especially fluid mechanics, as well as for his pioneering work in probability and statistics. Bernoulli's scientific work is also studied in many schools around the world .
Biography
Daniel Bernoulli was born in Groningen, Netherlands. His father was Johann Bernoulli, his grandfather was Jacob Bernoulli, and his brother of Johann II. He was said to have a bad relationship with his father. They participated together and tied in a scientific context at the University of Paris. Johann was unable to bear the shame of having to compete with his son that banned Daniel from their house. Johann Bernoulli also stole some key ideas from Daniel's book Hydrodynamica to write his own book Hydraulica before Hydrodynamica was published. Despite Daniel's efforts to reconcile, his father carried the enmity until his death.
When Daniel was seven, his younger brother Johann Bernoulli II was born. While he was still in school, his father Johann encouraged him to study business. However, Daniel refused, because he wanted to study mathematics. But he then followed his father's will and studied business. His father then asked him to study medicine, and Daniel agreed with the condition that his father would teach him mathematics privately.
He had a close friendship with Leonhard Euler. He arrived St. Petersburg in 1724 as professor of mathematics. But with unhappiness there, Bernoulli fell ill in 1733 giving him an excuse to leave. He returned to the University of Basel, where he successfully held chairs in medicine, metaphysics and natural philosophy, until his death.
Mathematics study
His first mathematical work was Exercitationes, which was published in 1724 with the help of Goldbach. Two years later, he showed for the first time the analysis of an object's motion into translational and rotational motion. Daniel Bernoulli's main work is the Hydrodynamique (Hydrodynamica) published in 1738, it was similar to Joseph Louis Lagrange's Mecanique Analytique. It classified the results into a single principle, the conservation of energy. Bernoulli also wrote a large number of different questions in the field of mechanics, especially problems connected with vibrating strings, and the solutions were given by Brook Taylor and Jean le Rond d'Alembert.
Physics
Daniel Bernoulli was the first to formulate the aerodynamic theory, and he applied the ideas to explain Robert Boyle's laws.
He worked with Euler on physical elasticity, developing the Bernoulli equation, Bernoulli's principle, and aerodynamics .
Further reading
[Anon.] (1911) " Bernoulli, Encyclopaedia Britannica
[Anon.] (2001) "Daniel Bernoulli", Encyclopaedia Britannica
Blower, S. (2004), D, Bernoulli's " ", Reviews of Medical Virolology, 14 : 275-2880-435-54150-1
Mikhailov, GK, 2005, "Hydrodynamica" in Grattan-Guinness, I., ed., Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics . Elsevier: 131-42.
Novi, Michigan

Novi ( ) is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 55,224. The city is located about northwest of the center of Detroit. It is about northeast of the center of Ann Arbor.
Ryosuke Nakajima

Ryosuke Nakajima (born 28 April 1988) is a former Japanese football player.
DJ Jazzy Jeff

Jeffrey Allen Townes (born January 22, 1965), also known as DJ Jazzy Jeff, is an American record producer of hip hop and R&B. He is best known for taking part at the beginning of his career with Will Smith as DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince.
DJ Jazzy Jeff graduated from the John Bartram High School in Philadelphia where his name is inscribed as one of the students outstanding.
DJ Jazzy Jeff is not to be confused with MC Jazzy Jeff, which, in fact, filed and won a lawsuit over the name Jazzy Jeff against Jeff Townes when Jive Records signed DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince.
He also participated in the series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air as Jazz, making an appearance in several chapters.
Personal life
Jeff married Lynette C. Jackson on July 31, 2010. He has two sons.
Tiffany Young

Stephanie Young Hwang (Korean name: Hwang Mi-young; Hangul: hwangmiyeong; Hanja: Huang Mei Ying ; born August 1, 1989) is an American singer and dancer. She is known by her Stage name Tiffany or Tiffany Young. She was born in California, but moved to South Korea at the age of fifteen to start a music career. She became a member of the girl group Girls' Generation.
On August 15th, 2016, she was heavily criticized by Korean social media because she posted a Confederate Japanese flag on the Korean Liberation Day.
La Belle, Missouri

La Belle is a city in Lewis County, Missouri, United States.
Nikki van der Zyl

Monica "Nikki" van der Zyl (27 April 1935 - 6 March 2021) was a German voice-over artist. She was known for her dubbing work on the James Bond movie series.
Van der Zyl died on 6 March 2021 in London from problems caused by a stroke, aged 85.
2020 United States Senate election in South Carolina

An election happened on November 3, 2020, to elect a Senator from the U.S. state of South Carolina. The three people in the election were Lindsey Graham (Republican Party), Jaime Harrison (Democratic Party) and Bill Bledsoe (Constitution Party). Lindsey Graham won reelection for the fourth time. Jamie Harrison got more money for his campaign than any other politician.
There was two primary elections held on June 9, 2020. Lindsey Graham easily won the Republican Party primary and Jamie Harrison won the Democratic Party primary election.
Republican Party primary
Democratic Party primary
Jamie Harrison won the primary and Gloria Bromell Tinubu, William Stone, and Justin Wooton all stopped their race before the primary.
Courdimanche

Courdimanche is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
Maipo (river)

The Maipo is a river that flows from east to west through the Santiago Metropolitan and the Valparaiso regions in central Chile. It flows just south ot the national capital, Santiago, and ends in the Pacific Ocean.
The Maipo river is one of the main river of Chile an is an important source of irrigation and potable water for the region.
Geography
The Maipo river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .
Course
The Maipo river starts on the Andes, in the place called Los Nacimientos, on the side of the Maipo volcano, in the San Jose de Maipo commune (Santiago Metropolitan Region), at an elevation of about .
From its start, the river flows to the northwest through the Cajon del Maipo, a canyon; the El Volcan and Yeso rivers join the Maio before San Jose de Maipo near the town of San Gabriel and as right tributaries. After the city of San Jose de Maipo the river is joined, also as a right tributary, by the Colorado river and then turns to the southwest.
After a total of about , Maipo river leaves the Andes to the south of Puente Alto, still at near of altitude above sea level, and gets into the Maipo valley. Near Talagante, after flowing through the city of Santiago, the Mapocho river joins, as a right tributary, the Maipo river.
After crossing the coastal mountains, the Maipo gets to the town of Llolleo, just south of the port city of San Antonio, where it flows into the Pacific Ocean.
Main tributaries
Most of the tributaries of the Maipo river join:
Left tributaries:
Clarillo -
Right tributaries:
El Volcan-
Yeso -
Colorado -
Mapocho -
Uses
In the upper part, the Maipo is used to produce hydroelectricity. The Cajon del Maipo is a popular tourist region, mainly for water sports like rafting.
In the Maipo valley, grapes are produced with the water of the river and the valley is a very important wine region.
Presbyterian Church in Ireland

The Presbyterian Church in Ireland is the largest Presbyterian church in Ireland and the biggest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland. It has over 225,000 members, represented by over 500 congregations.
Master (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

The Master is a fictional vampire that appears in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and the spin-off Angel. He was played by Mark Metcalf and is the first Big Bad of the Buffy series.
Fictional biography
The Master is an elderly vampire who has been the head of a Hellmouth underneath Sunnydale High School. He killed Buffy but she was resurrected by Angel. Buffy later killed him, ending the Order of Arelius.
Reception
The Master was seen as a good Big Bad for the show.
Kuusamo

Kuusamo is a town in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It is in the eastern part of Lapland. Kuusamo has an area of . As of January 2014, it had a population of almost 16,000 people. Neighbouring municipalities are Posio, Salla, Suomussalmi and Taivalkoski. Oulanka National Park is in the areas of Kuusamo and Salla.
There is also an airport in Kuusamo.
Whip It (Devo song)

"Whip It" is a 1980 song by American new band Devo and it was taken from their third studio album Freedom of Choice. It went to number 11 in Canada and New Zealand, number 14 in the United States, number 51 in the United Kingdom and number 77 in Australia. The music video used sexual themes and despite this it became very popular on the fledging television channel MTV.
Notes
1980 songs
Devo songs
Synth-pop songs
2023 Emilia-Romagna floods

The 2023 Emilia-Romagna floods were a series of floods in and around the cities of Bologna, Cesena, Forli, Ravenna, and Rimini, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The first floods happened between 2 and 3 May 2023, killing two people. Heavy secondary floods happened on 16-17 May 2023, killing at least 14 people and displacing 20,000 others. The usual amount of rain that falls in seven months fell in two weeks which made twenty-three rivers to overflow causing the floods.
Effects
On 17 May, Stefano Bonaccini, the president of Emilia-Romagna said that "in the last 24 hours, more than 300 millimeters of rain have fallen" and described the floods as a "catastrophic event, never seen before".Later on, Bonaccini compared it the impact to the 2012 Emilia earthquakes, saying that the damage was likely to be less significant but would still cost the region billions of euros to repair. Lucia Mercalli, president of the Italian Meteorological Society, said that "two records were broken in 15 days in the same region. An event that occurred on 2 May might happen once in a century, but then other one hit the same areas only 15 days later."
Relief Efforts
Emergency operations were carried out in response to the flood, including members of the Italian Red Cross, various armed and police forces, Protezione Civile and the Carabinieri. The state-owned energy company Enel made a task-force that would cooperate with local companies and forces to restore electricity to the affected areas.
Quitman, Georgia

Quitman is a city in and the county seat of Brooks County, Georgia, United States. The population was 3,850 at the 2010 census. The Quitman Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Phil Proctor

Philip "Phil" Proctor (born July 28, 1940) is an American actor and screenwriter. He is a member of The Firesign Theatre. He has performed voice-over work for video games, movies and television shows. He was born in Goshen, Indiana and graduated from Yale University.
He voiced Howard Deville in Rugrats and All Grown Up! on Nickelodeon and "background" voices for Disney features, also provided "additional voices" in Pixar films, as well as voice work on Power Rangers Time Force. He also did two voices in the GameCube video Game Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem, and on the Playstation 2's Dark Chronicle.
He is the voice of The Professor and White Monkey in the Ape Escape series. He voiced Dr. Warren Vidic in Assassin's Creed and Bob the Seahorse in Finding Nemo.
Alfred Moisiu

Alfred Spiro Moisiu (; born 1 December 1929) is an Albanian politician. He was the fourth President of the Republic of Albania from 2002-2007. He is the eldest son of famed Albanian Army general Spiro Moisiu.
Nadia Boulanger

Juliette Nadia Boulanger (; 16 September 188722 October 1979) was a French music teacher and conductor. She taught many of the leading composers and musicians of the 20th century, and also performed occasionally as a pianist and organist.
She grew up in a musical family. Her first success was when she was at the Conservatoire de Paris. She believed, that she had no talent as a composer, she gave up that path. She became a teacher instead. As a teacher, she had a large influence on many young copmosers of the 20th century. Most of them were from the United States and other English-speaking countries. Among her students were people who later became important composers, soloists, arrangers and conductors. Some of them were Grazyna Bacewicz, Burt Bacharach, Daniel Barenboim, Lennox Berkeley, Idil Biret, Elliott Carter, Aaron Copland, John Eliot Gardiner, Philip Glass, Roy Harris, Quincy Jones, Dinu Lipatti, Igor Markevitch, Astor Piazzolla, and Virgil Thomson.
Boulanger taught in the US and England. She worked with music academies including the Juilliard School, the Yehudi Menuhin School, the Longy School, the Royal College of Music and the Royal Academy of Music. For most of her life, she was in her family's flat in Paris, where she taught for most of the seven decades from the start of her career until her death at the age of 92.
Boulanger was the first woman to conduct many major orchestras in America and Europe, including the BBC Symphony, Boston Symphony, Halle, and Philadelphia orchestras. She conducted several world premieres, including works by Copland and Stravinsky.
Mount Sinai

Mount Sinai ( Har Sinai; Aramaic: twr' dsyny Tura` Dsyny), also known as Jabal Musa (, translation: Mount Moses), is a mountain on the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. It is possibly the place where Moses was given the Ten Commandments, according to the Torah, Bible, and Quran, .
It is a high mountain near the city of Saint Catherine in the region known today as the Sinai Peninsula. The mountain is surrounded on all sides by higher peaks in its mountain range. It is next to Mount Catherine which, at , is the highest peak in Egypt.
Aage Niels Bohr

Aage Niels Bohr (19 June 1922, Copenhagen - 8 September 2009, Copenhagen) was a Danish physicist and the fourth son of Margrethe Bohr and Niels Bohr. He won the Nobel Prize in 1975 for his works in physics: he discovered the connection of the collective motion and the single-motion particle in the atomic nucleus, and also for the development of the nuclear structure. He was a professor at University of Copenhagen.
Jackson Bidei

Jackson Bidei is a retired wrestler from Nigeria. Jackson competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born on 10 October 1957.
Bořek Šípek

Borek Sipek (14 June 1949 - 13 February 2016) was a known Czech architect and designer. He was born in Prague. Sipek was known for his individual, unusual, colorful and rich style. He experiments with unexpected and often weird shapes. Sipek has been called the father of "neo-baroque". His architectural works and other designs are known worldwide.
He was the architect of Prague Castle under the presidency of Vaclav Havel, and designed Havel's Place. Sipek was knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. He had three sons, one of them with Leona Machalkova.
Sipek died on 13 February 2016 from cancer in Prague. He was aged 66.
The Blue Notebook

The Blue Notebook () is a 1963 Soviet drama movie directed by Lev Kulidzhanov. It stars Mikhail Kuznetsov, Mark Nikelberg, and Nikolay Lebedev.
Northern Catalonia

Northern Catalonia (, ) is a name that sometimes is used, mainly in Catalan writings, to refer to the territory given to France by Spain in 1659. The area corresponds approximately to the modern French departement of the Pyrenees-Orientales.
The French name, Catalogne Nord, is used nowadays, although less often than the more politically neutral Roussillon (in reference to the pre-Revolutionary province). Sometimes French Catalonia is also used.
Geography
Northern Catalonia forms a triangle between the Pyrenees to the south, the Corbieres to the north-west and the Mediterranean Sea to the east. The Plain of Roussillon in the east, by far the area where more people live, is formed by the floodplains of the Tech, Tet and Agly rivers (). The districts of Vallespir and Conflent cover the upper valleys of the Tech and the Tet respectively. The mountain Le Canigou (), , dominates much of the territory.
The climate is of the Mediterranean type, with hot, dry summers and winters which are relatively mild, at least on the Roussillon plain where snow is rare.
More of a quarter of the population of Northern Catalonia is in the city of Perpignan (). Perpignan is the only important administrative and service centre. Roads and trains run north-south through Northern Catalonia between France and Spain.
Languages
French is the only official language in France as whole and in these municipalities. Catalan, in its Northern Catalan variety, is recognized as a regional language only by the region of Languedoc-Roussilon. It is estimated to be spoken by a quarter of the population, but understood by a higher percentage.
In 1700, the government of Louis XIV prohibited the use of the Catalan language in official documents.
In the 1950s, after centuries of being forbidden in education, the Catalan language was permitted to be studied for one hour per week in secondary school. In the 1970s, the Arrels Association and Bressola network of private schools started to offer complete bilingual French/Catalan classes from nursery up to secondary education.
On December 10, 2007, the General Council of the Pyrenees-Orientales recognized Catalan as one of the languages of the department, alongside French and Occitan (in Fenouilledes), with the goal to further promote it in public life and education.
Alfred Miodowicz

Alfred Miodowicz (June 28, 1929 - September 17, 2021) was a Polish politician and trade union activist. He was born in Poznan, Poland.
Miodowicz was a member of communist Polish United Workers Party. He held posts in the State National Council, Central Committee and Political Bureau. He was also the leader of the All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions and took part in the Polish Round Table Agreement.
Miodowicz died on September 17, 2021 at the age of 92.
Ekerö Municipality

Ekero Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Ekero.
Middle East

The Middle East is a large area of land in the eastern hemisphere. The lands of the Arabian Peninsula and some of the lands of the eastern Mediterranean are part of the Middle East. The Middle East's population is mostly Muslim. The name of the Middle East comes from its position to the east of Europe and to the west of the Far East.
It is normal for the modern countries of Arabia (Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates) to be counted with the modern countries of Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine (the State of Palestine and Israel) as part of the Middle East.
The name "Middle East" does not always have the same meaning, and the size of the area is not always the same. When the name Middle East started to be common, it was the name for the lands in between the Near East and the Far East. The Indian subcontinent was part of the Middle East at that time. Now, parts of south-west Asia and northern Africa can count as the Middle East. The land between Egypt and Iran is a common definition. Many countries in the Middle East today are also part of the Near East. Sometimes, people name countries that are far away from these countries as countries in the Middle East. These countries can be in North Africa (like Morocco) and the Indian subcontinent (like Pakistan). This area also has the name Greater Middle East.
Many ancient civilizations began in the Fertile Crescent in the Middle East. These were Sumer, Babylonia and Assyria in the area called Mesopotamia. The Abrahamic religions that believe in one God also started in the Middle East. (Judaism and Christianity began in ancient Palestine and Islam began in Arabia.) Today, the Middle East is the homeland of Arabs, Turks, Persians, Kurds, and Jews, among many other ethnic groups. Islam is the most common religion in the Middle East. Islam came to most of the Middle East's lands in the 7th century AD, during the first Muslim conquests of the Sasanian Empire and of the Roman Empire's lands.
Today, the Middle East is very important because much of the petroleum that other countries use comes from here. There are also many arguments and wars, such as the conflict between Sunni and Shia, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the Syrian civil war.
Hyde amendment

The Hyde amendment is a law in the United States. It stops the use of federal funds for abortions in the country.
Eve (rapper)

Eve Jihan Jeffers (born November 10, 1978), better known as Eve, is an American rapper, songwriter and actress. She was the first winner of the Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2002 for the song "Let Me Blow Ya Mind", with Gwen Stefani. In 2002 her album Scorpion was also nominated for Best Rap Album.
Career
Eve released her first album Let There Be Eve...Ruff Ryders' First Lady in 1999. It went straight to number one in the American album chart. It was the third album by a female rap artist to reach number one in the United States.
In 2001 Eve's second album Scorpion was released. It entered the American album chart at number four. Eve won Best Female Hip-Hop Artist at the Black Entertainment Awards.
In 2002 Eve's third album, Eve-Olution, was released. Two singles were released from the album. The first single "Gangsta Lovin" is a song sung with Alicia Keys. It reached number two in the American singles chart.
Eve was on the remix of Michael Jackson's 2002 single "Butterflies".
In 2003 Eve started acting in a sitcom called Eve. The show was stopped in 2006. There were 66 episodes.
Eve rapped on Gwen Stefani's 2004 single "Rich Girl". It reached number seven in the Billboard 100. She rapped on "Never", Keyshia Cole's first single, in 2005.
In 2007 Eve released the single "Tambourine". She also rapped on Kelly Rowland's single "Like This". It reached number four in the UK Singles Chart. That year Eve started to make her fourth album.
Eve was in the 2009 documentary Good Hair.
She presented the MTV Africa Music Awards 2010. She rapped on Guy Sebestian's single "Who's That Girl". It reached number one in Australia and New Zealand.
In 2013 Eve's fourth album, Lip Lock, was released. The album included appearances from fellow rappers Missy Elliott and Snoop Dogg. On August 23, 2013 Eve started The Lip Lock Tour.
Formal verification

Formal verification is the process used to prove that a piece of software or hardware works according to its specification. Formal verification uses a mathematical proof. Systems such as those used in robots, or airplanes need to be proved correct, before they can be used.
Rosnay-l'Hôpital

Rosnay-l'Hopital is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Christine Goodfellow

Christine Goodfellow (8 November 1938 - 13 July 1985) was a British track and road cyclist. At the British National Road Race Championships she won the silver medal in 1966 and bronze medals in 1973 and 1974. At the British National Time Trial Championships she won the silver medal in 1972.
Goodfellow died on 13 July 1985.
A time trial race was named after her.
Phytoplasma

Phytoplasmas are a type of parasitic bacteria. They are pathogens of economically important plants, including coconut, sugarcane, and sandalwood.
They are obligate parasites of plant phloem tissue. Their vectors are insects which inject then into the plant cells. They were discovered by scientists in 1967 and were named mycoplasma-like organisms or MLOs. They cannot be grown in vitro (in laboratory conditions), and that limits the information about them. They are described by the special term "Candidatus", reserved for such difficult organisms.
Kje

Kje (or ) (Kj kj; italics: Kj kj) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.
QI

QI (Quite Interesting) is a British comedy television quiz show. It is now hosted by Sandi Toksvig who took over from Stephen Fry. There are four contestants in each show, of whom one is always Alan Davies. The shows' series are lettered (not numbered as most television shows are), for example the first series is Series A. To begin with, QI was shown on BBC Two but was moved to BBC One for Series F.
Jacques Arcadelt

Jacques Arcadelt (also called Jacob Arcadelt) (born probably in Liege, 1504 or 1505; died Paris, 14 October 1568) was a Franco-Flemish composer in the Renaissance period. He was an extremely popular composer of madrigals and chansons.
We know hardly anything about his early life, but we know he was living in Rome by 1539 when he was made a member of the Julian Chapel. Soon he joined the Sistine Chapel, where he had the job of "magister puerorum" (director of the boys choir), and later he became choirmaster. In the same year he published four of his total of six books of madrigals for four voices. Probably around 1553 he moved to France, where he spent the rest of his life. He wrote a very large number of chansons (French songs). He also wrote some masses.
Arcadelt's music became extremely popular because it was quite simple and easy to sing with beautiful melodies that people could remember. One very famous madrigal is called Il bianco e dolce cigno (The white and gentle swan). The style of Arcadelt's music influenced the next generation of madrigal composers.
Jerry Remy

Gerald Peter Remy, commonly known as Jerry Remy, (November 8, 1952 - October 30, 2021) was an American Major League Baseball broadcaster and Major League Baseball second baseman. An all-star second baseman originally drafted by the California Angels in 1971, he was traded to his hometown Boston Red Sox in 1977. After a series of injuries forced his retirement in 1985, he began a career in broadcasting.
In 1988 he joined NESN as a color commentator for Red Sox broadcasts.
Remy was born in Fall River, Massachusetts. He grew up in nearby Somerset, Massachusetts. He studied at Roger Williams University in Bristol, Rhode Island.
Remy suffered from depression. In 2008, Remy was diagnosed with lung cancer and had surgery. On June 12, 2017, Remy announced that the lung cancer returned. His cancer treatment ended in January 2018, but the cancer returned in August 2018.
Remy was married to Phoebe Remy. Together, they had three children. On August 16, 2013, his son, Jared, was arrested in the fatal stabbing of his girlfriend, Jennifer Martel, a charge he pleaded guilty to on May 27, 2014 and was sentenced to life in state prison without the possibility of parole.
Remy died on October 30, 2021 from lung cancer in Waltham, Massachusetts, aged 68.
Disappearance of Brian Shaffer

Brian Shaffer (born February 25, 1979) was a medical student at Ohio State University. On the night of March 31, 2006, Shaffer went out with friends to celebrate the beginning of spring break. He was separated from them and they thought he had gone home. Shaffer has not been seen or heard from since. The case has received national media attention.
Columbus police have several theories about what happened; some interest and suspicion has been directed at a friend of Shaffer's who went with him that night but who has refused to take lie detector tests about the incident.
While foul play has been suspected, including the possible involvement of the Smiley Face serial killer, it has also been speculated that he might be alive and living somewhere else under a new identity.
Greg Papa

Greg Papa is the current voice of the Oakland Raiders replacing veteran announcer Bill King. Papa is also the host of Chronicle Live and the co-host of The Wheelhouse with John Lund. He also served as a play-by-play voice for the Oakland Athletics, San Francisco/Golden State Warriors, and San Francisco Giants. Papa has called lacrosse games for the San Jose Stealth and the San Francisco Dragons. Papa currently calls college football and basketball games for the California Golden Bears. Outside of the bay area, he called games for the Indiana Pacers and the San Antonio Spurs. He was also the studio host for Giants telecasts.
Kalbajar–Lachin Economic Region

Kalbajar-Lachin was one of the 10 former economic regions of Azerbaijan, until the change of economic regions in 2021. Now, Kalbajar-Lachin lies entirely within the East Zangezur economic regions
Districts in the region were:
Gubadly (Qubadli)
Kalbajar (K@lb@c@r)
Lachin (Lacin)
Zangilan (Z@ngilan)
Molly Quinn

Molly Caitlyn Quinn (born October 8, 1993), also known as Molly C. Quinn, is an American actress. She is known for her roles in the television shows Castle and the English version of Winx Club. She also appeared in the movie We're the Millers (2013).
Quinn was born in Texarkana, Texas. She is of Irish ancestry.
Emma Cohen

Emma Cohen (born Emmanuela Beltran Rahola; November 21, 1946 - July 11, 2016) was a Spanish actress, director, producer and writer. She appeared in many Spanish language movies. She was known for roles in The Glass Ceiling, Voyage to Nowhere, and in The Grandfather.
Cohen was married to actor Fernando Fernan Gomez until his death in 2007.
Cohen died on July 11, 2016 of cancer in Madrid at the age of 69.
René Houseman

Rene Orlando Houseman (19 July 1953 - 22 March 2018), nicknamed Loco, was an Argentine footballer. He played as a right winger.
During his international career Houseman also played for the Argentina national team and participated at the 1974 FIFA World Cup, where he scored three goals.
Houseman died of tongue cancer in Buenos Aires on 22 March 2018 at the age of 64.
Czech Republic at the Olympics

The Czech Republic first took part in the Olympic Games as an independent country in 1994. It has competed in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then. Before 1993, Czech athletes took part in the Olympics from 1920 to 1992 as Czechoslovakia and from 1900 to 1912 as Bohemia.
Athletes from the Czech Republic have won a total of 43 medals at the Summer Games. Canoeing, shooting and athletics have been their best sports. They have also won 16 medals at the Winter Games. Most of their medals came from the Czech Republic national ice hockey team and cross-country skier Katerina Neumannova.
The National Olympic Committee for the Czech Republic is the Czech Olympic Committee. It was founded in 1899 and accepted by the International Olympic Committee in 1993.
Slave to the Rhythm (Grace Jones song)

"Slave to the Rhythm" is a 1985 song by Jamaican singer Grace Jones. It is the title track from her seventh studio album Slave to the Rhythm. It went to number 12 in the United Kingdom, number 20 in Australia, number 5 in Switzerland and New Zealand, number 6 in Italy, number 7 in Austria and number 16 in Spain and Finland.
Track listing
7" single (1985)
A. "Slave to the Rhythm" - 4:20
B. "G.I. Blues" - 3:37
12" single (1985)
A. "Slave to the Rhythm" (Blooded) - 8:26
B1. "Junk Yard" - 5:17
B2. "Annihilated Rhythm" - 3:37
CD maxi single (1994)
"Slave to the Rhythm" - 4:22
"Slave to the Rhythm" (Blooded) - 8:26
"Slave to the Rhythm" (D Monster Mix) - 9:51
"Slave to the Rhythm" (D's Vocal Dub) - 5:24
"Slave to the Rhythm" (D Beatsappella) - 5:22
2012–13 FC Augsburg season

The 2012-13 FC Augsburg season was the 106th season in the club's football history. In 2012-13 the club played in the Bundesliga, the top tier of German football. It was the clubs second consecutive season in this league, having been promoted from the 2. Bundesliga in 2011. FC Augsburg also participated in the season's edition of the DFB-Pokal. It was the fourth season for FC Augsburg in the SGL arena.
Review and events
The club also participated in the 2012-13 edition of the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup, where it reached the third round before losing to Preussen Munster.
Évreux

Evreux is a commune. It is found in the Eure department in France.
Kutzenhausen

Kutzenhausen may refer to:
Kutzenhausen, Bas-Rhin
Kutzenhausen, Germany
Swaroopanand Saraswati

Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati (2 September 1924 - 11 September 2022) was an Indian religious leader. In 1982, he became the Shankaracharya of Dwarka Sharada Peetham in Badrinath. Saraswati was born in Seoni, then-British India.
Saraswati died on 11 September 2022 in Narsinghpur, India from a heart attack, nine days after his 98th birthday.
Lithium disilicate

Lithium disilicate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Li2Si2O5. It is a glass ceramic. They are used as dental ceramics.
Lithium disilicate has a biaxial flexible strength in the range of 360 MPa to 400 MPa. It has high hardness (5.92 +/- 0.18 GPa) and fracture toughness (3.3 +/- 0.14 MPa m1/2).
PP

PP may refer to
Partido Popular - political party in Spain
PayPal - online payment company
PowerPoint - presentation application made by Microsoft
Struga

Struga is a small city in the southwest of North Macedonia at the Lake Ohrid. The Black Drin river runs through the town, dividing it into a western and an eastern part. About 15,000 people live in Struga. They are a mix of Albanians, (Slavic) Macedonians, Turks and Romani.
Struga is known for its tourism, mostly in the summer, when people come to take a bath at the shores of the Lake Ohrid and of the river Black Drin.
Struga is also the capital of the municipality with the same name including the town itself as well as nearby villages.
Clipstone

Clipstone is a village near Mansfield, in the county of Nottinghamshire, England. It was built in the early 20th century as a model village for the workers of the nearby colliery.
Our Band Could Be Your Life

Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981-1991 is a book by Michael Azerrad (). The book tells about the history of 13 alternative rock bands, including Sonic Youth, Fugazi, Minor Threat and Husker Du.
2015 FIFA corruption case

The 2015 FIFA corruption case was a court case that was about corruption in FIFA and its associations.
Walter Hallstein

Walter Hallstein (17 November 1901 - 29 March 1982) was a German academic, diplomat, and politician. He was the first president of the Commission of the European Economic Community. He was one of the founding fathers of the European Union.
Hallstein is also the person behind the Hallstein Doctrine, wich the former state of West Germany proclaimed in 1955. It meant that West Germany wouldn't have diplomatic relations with countries that recognized East Germany.
Duel (1944 movie)

Duel () is a 1944 Soviet drama movie directed by Vladimir Legoshin. It stars Sergei Lukyanov, Vladimir Belokurov, and Andrey Tutyshkin.
Dachstein, Bas-Rhin

Dachstein is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Sarcohyla celata

The Oaxaca tree frog (Sarcohyla celata) is a frog that lives in Mexico. It lives in cloud forests. Scientists have seen it between 2640 and 2890 meters above sea level in the Sierra Juarez in Oaxaca.
Wyolica

Wyolica is a two-person band from Japan. The members are Azumi (vocals) and So-to (guitar). The group is not well known outside of Japan. Their sound is very similar of many American pop acts but sung in Japanese.
Their first album, "Who Said La La?" was released in 2000. Since then they have released a number of albums and singles, including a six-song EP of acoustic songs.
Lestek

Lestek ( 900 - 944), also known as Leszek or Lestko, was the second Duke of the Polans from 900 until his death in 944.
Century Series

Century Series is the nickname of a group of fighter aircraft built in USA for the Cold War. It was all aircraft with number 100 in the code.
North American F-100 Super Sabre.
McDonnell F-101 Voodoo.
Convair F-102 Delta Dagger.
Lockheed F-104 Starfighter.
Republic F-105 Thunderchief.
Convair F-106 Delta Dart.
North American YF-107 Ultra Sabre.
Penetrometer

A penetrometer is a device to test the strength of a material.
It is often used on soil. The penetrometer is dropped on soil or it is pressed against soil to measure how deep a hole it makes. This is a way to decide if soil is strong enough to build a road on. Scientists can use a penetrometer to measure how much moisture is in soil. Penetrometers are used on space probes such as the Cassini-Huygens probe, to measure the amount of moisture in soil on other planets.
Sources
University of Arizona document, "An impact penetrometer for a landing spacecraft".
Nouria Mérah-Benida

Nouria Merah-Benida (born October 19, 1970 in Algiers) is an Algerian middle distance runner.
At the 1999 All-Africa Games in Johannesburg Merah-Benida won silver medals in both 800 metres and 1500 metres. At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney she won the gold medal. In 2000 she also won an 800 m silver medal and a 1500 m gold medal at the African Championships.
Myke Chilian

Martiros Michael "Myke" Chilian (b. May 9. 1981) is an American screenwriter, voice actor, musician and animator. He is most known for his work on the HBO Max program Tig n' Seek, He created the program and provides the voice for the main character, Tiggy. He is also known for working as a writer and artist on Cartoon Network's Uncle Grandpa and as a designer on Adult Swim's Rick and Morty.
In addition to his television work, Chilian plays the electric accordion with his alt-punk band, The Manx.
Republic of Crimea

The Republic of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: K'yrym Dzhumkhurieti, Qirim Cumhuriyeti; Russian: Respublika Krym, Respublika Krym) is an unrecognised Russian federal subject officially part of Ukraine. It is the Crimean peninsula in the Black Sea. It is located southeast of Ukraine and west of southern Russia. Its capital is Simferopol. The parliament of Crimea declared independence in 2014 after the victory of Euromaidan and joined Russia.
Edward VII

Edward VII (9 November 1841 - 6 May 1910) was the king of the United Kingdom from 1901 to 1910, which is called the Edwardian period. He was the first British monarch whose royal house was called the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. (King Edward's son, George V, changed the name to Windsor in 1917 and this name is in use today.)
Edward was born Albert Edward and was the oldest son of Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert. He was Prince of Wales and heir apparent for longer than any other person up until that time. His mother was queen for 63 years and Edward was 59 years old when he became king. In his younger years as Prince of Wales, he was known as a playboy and popularized many trends in fashion. He married Alexandra of Denmark, but he had many mistresses.
Family and legacy
Edward VII was the father of George V and grandfather of Edward VIII and George VI. He is also the great-grandfather of the late queen, Elizabeth II and great great grandfather to Charles III. There are a number of statues of Edward VII around the British Isles and Commonwealth realms.
Edward was given a grand state funeral with the largest gathering of royalty taken place anywhere in the 20th century. It included Wilhelm II, the Kaiser of the German Empire (who would later be at war with Britain) and Nicholas II, the Tsar of the Russian Empire, as well as many others. For the first time in royal history, Edward lay in state for the people to pay their last respects, a reflection of his immense popularity.
Edward was king for only nine years but made a lasting impression. He became increasingly popular with his people and was credited as a peacemaker for his work in maintaining world stability at a time when war seemed to be looming. He died at the age of 68 in 1910. Four years later, the peace he worked so hard to keep was broken with the start of World War I (1914-1918).
Chuck McCann

Charles John Thomas McCann (September 2, 1934 - April 8, 2018) was an American actor and television personality. He was known for his roles in Far Out Space Nuts, DuckTales, and G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero.
McCann died in Los Angeles, California of congestive heart failure on April 8, 2018 at the age of 83.