kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Johann Pestalozzi

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (12 January 1746 - 17 February 1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer. He was a humanist and romantic in his approach.
He founded several schools in German and French-speaking regions of Switzerland, and wrote explaining his principles of education. His motto was "Learning by head, hand and heart".
In 1780 Pestalozzi published anonymously a series of aphorisms, entitled The Evening Hours of a Hermit. They are his earliest works which outline ideas that would later be known as Pestalozzian.
He drew from these experiences and published four volumes of a story titled Leonard and Gertrude. These four volumes are about the lives of four characters: Gertrude, Gluphi, an unnamed parish clergyman and Arner. Gertrude is a wife and mother who teaches her children how to live moral upstanding lives. Gluphi, a school teacher, sees the success Gertrude has with her children and tries to model his school around her teachings. A parish clergyman also adopts Gertrude's teachings. The work of Gertrude, Gluphi and the clergyman are helped by Arner, a politician, who gets help from the state. Through these four, harmony is achieved and a comprehensive education is offered to all people.
His next endeavor, Enquiries into the course of nature in the development of the human race, was not so popular. His education was built on the idea that all understanding can be achieved through a psychologically ordered sequence of learning.
Tumbes River

The Tumbes River ( or Rio Tumbez in Peru; Rio Puyango in Ecuador), is a river in South America. The river's sources are located between Ecuadorian El Oro and Loja provinces. It borders Ecuador and Peru. The city of Tumbes is located along the river.
Mount Parnassus

Mount Parnassus, also Parnassos, is a mountain of limestone in central Greece. It is north of the Gulf of Corinth. According to Greek mythology, this mountain was sacred to Apollo and the home of the Muses.
Mythology
Mount Parnassus is named after Parnassos, the son of the nymph Kleodora and the man Kleopompus. Parnassos was leader of a city that was flooded by rains. The people ran from the flood up the mountain slope. There the survivors built another city and called it Lykoreia. According to some traditions, Mount Parnassus was the site of the fountain Castalia and the home of the Muses. As the home of the Muses, Mount Parnassus became known as the home of poetry, music, and learning.
Mount Parnassus was the site of several unrelated minor events in Greek mythology.
In some versions of the Greek flood myth, the ark of Deucalion comes to rest on the slopes of Parnassus. This is the version of the myth told in Ovid's Metamorphoses.
Orestes spent his time in hiding on Mount Parnassus.
Parnassus was sacred to the god Dionysus.
The Corycian Cave, located on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, was sacred to Pan and to the Muses.
In Book 19 of The Odyssey, Odysseus tells a story of how he was gored in the thigh during a boar hunt on Mount Parnassus in his youth.
Parnassus was also the home of Pegasus, the winged horse of Bellerophon.
Parnassus today
Today, the slopes of Mount Parnassus have two ski centres. The Parnassos Ski Centre has two sections, Kellaria and Fterolakka, which together make up the largest ski centre in Greece. A smaller ski centre (only two drag lifts) called Gerontovrahos is across a ridge from Kellaria.
Parnassus is mined for its large supply of bauxite. The bauxite is converted to aluminium oxide and then to aluminium.
Chester (disambiguation)

Chester might mean:
Places
Chester, a city in England
Chester City F.C., a football club in the English city
Chester, Illinois, United States
Chester, Iowa, United States
People
Chester A. Arthur, 21st President of the United States
Chester Bennington, lead singer of the band Linkin Park
Yuki Tamura

Yuki Tamura (born 31 December 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Guarani.
Kurt Eisner

Kurt Eisner (14 May 1867 in Berlin - 21 February 1919 in Munich) was a Bavarian politician and journalist. As a German socialist journalist and statesman, he organized the Socialist Revolution that took over the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918.
He is used as an example of charismatic authority by Max Weber.
Eisner was of Jewish descent.
Idempotence

Idempotence is a property that an operation in mathematics or computer science may have. It roughly means that the operation can be carried out again and again without changing the result.
The word idempotence was made by Benjamin Peirce because he saw the concept when studying algebra.
The meaning is different if we are talking about different kinds of operations. It can also be used to describe elements than an operation can take:
For a unary operation (or function), that we label f, we say that f is idempotent if for any x in the domain of f it is true that: f(f(x)) = f(x). For example, the absolute value: abs(abs(x)) = abs(x).
We say that an element c in the domain of f is an idempotent element if f(f(c)) = f(c). This means that f is idempotent if every element of its domain is an idempotent element.
For a binary operation, that we label *, we say that * is idempotent if for any x which the binary operation can take the following is true: x * x = x.
We say that an element c which * can take is an idempotent element for * if c * c = c. For example, the number 1 is an idempotent element for multiplication because 1 times 1 is 1.
Examples in the real world
If a call button inside an elevator is pressed then the elevator will go to the floor that is on the button. If it is pressed again then it will do the same thing. This means that the operation of pressing a button to make the elevator change floors is an idempotent operation.
If we mix two pots which have the same liquid in them into a new pot then we will have the same liquid in that pot. If we only care about what kind of liquid is in the pot (not how much) then mixing liquids is an idempotent binary operation.
The face of a clock looks the same if 12 hours have passed. So for the operation of "letting time pass on a clock" we see that letting 12 hours pass is an idempotent element (this is also true for all multiples of 12 like 24, 36, 48, ...).
London Regional Select Committee

The London Regional Select Committee was one of nine regional select committees of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The House of Commons agreed to create the committee on 25 June 2009, after committees for the eight other regions of England were created in November 2008. 'Regional ministers' were appointed by Gordon Brown when he was made Prime Minister in June 2007. The committee was created on 1 January 2009. It ceased to exist upon the dissolution of Parliament on 12 April 2010.
Květa Fialová

Kveta Fialova (1 September 1929 - 26 September 2017) was a Czech actress. She was best known for her performance in Lemonade Joe. She was born in Velke Dravce, Czechoslovakia. She also appeared in Dinner for Adele (1977) and I Enjoy the World With You (1982).
Fialova died in Prague, Czech Republic on 26 September 2017 at the age of 88.
Kristin Herrera

Kristin Lisa Herrera (born 21 February 1989) is an American actress. She performs mostly on television. She played Lourdes Del Torro in General Hospital. She played Dana Cruz in Zoey 101. Herrera took a break from acting starting in 2008.
Herrera was born in Los Angeles.
Hartsburg, Missouri

Hartsburg is a village in Boone County, Missouri, United States.
Roppongi Station

Roppongi Station (Liu Ben Mu Yi ,rotsupongieki) is a Railway station of Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway in Tokyo. There is an exit from the station into Roppongi Hills.
Weirton, West Virginia

Weirton (pron. WEER-ton) is a city in Brooke and Hancock counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 19,746.
Disney Junior (Scandinavian TV channel)

Disney Junior is a Scandinavian television channel. It is for preschoolers targeting the Nordic countries. It does not screen advertisements. The channel is funded by subscriptions instead.
Kaufland

Kaufland is a German hypermarket chain. It is a part of the Schwarz Gruppe. Schwarz Gruppe also owns Lidl and Handelshof. In 1984, the first store was opened in Neckarsulm and quickly expanded to become a leader in what was formerly East Germany. The chain operates over 1,200 stores in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia. Kaufland plans to open stores in Australia, and Moldova.
Sun and moon letters

In Arabic and Maltese, consonants are divided into two groups: the sun/solar letters ( , Maltese: konsonanti xemxin) and moon/lunar letters ( , Maltese: konsonanti qamrin).
In those languages, all nouns start with the word "al" (l) in Arabic or "il" in Maltese. Both words mean "the." If a sun letter comes after the consonant, the "l" sound in "al" or "il" is dropped and is replaced by whatever sound the letter makes. However, if a moon letter comes after, the "l" sound in those words stays.
In Arabic, the word for "the sun" is ash-shams because the "sh" sound is a sun letter. Meanwhile, the word for "the moon" is al-qamar because the "q" sound is a moon letter.
Rule
Below is a chart of the sun and moon letters in Arabic.
Writing
The l 'al- is written down in Arabic regardless of how it is pronounced. In the case of sun letters, a mark called the shaddah (W) is written over the sun letter. For moon letters, a mark called the sukun ()is written over the letter l lam in the al-.
Maltese
Below is a chart of the sun and moon letters in Maltese.
If a word starts with any of the moon letters, the word il- stays the same. However, if it stats with a sun letter, the word il-changes to ic-, id-, in-, ir-, is-, it-, ix-, iz-, iz-.
If a word begins with two consonants, it changes to "l-i-." For example, skola (school) becomes l-i'skola (the school).
First-Year Student

First-Year Student () is a 1948 Soviet movie directed by Ilya Frez. It stars Natalya Zashchipina, Tamara Makarova, and Tatyana Barysheva.
FC Martigues

F.C. Martigues is a football club which plays in France.
Waseda Jitsugyo

Waseda Jitsugyo () is a Japanese private school with an elementary school (), junior and senior high school (). Waseda Jitsugyo was founded in 1901, in Tokyo and attached to Waseda University. This means that all students who have successfully finished this school are allowed to enter Waseda University.
Centovalli

Centovalli is the name of a valley, in Ticino. It starts at Intragna, near Locarno and runs to the Swiss-Italian border. In Italy, the Italian part of the valley is known as Valle Vigezzo. There's the Domodossola-Locarno railway line, which is also known as Centovalley railway.
Livingston, Montana

Livingston is a city in Montana, United States. It is the county seat of Park County. About 7,000 people lived there in 2010.
It is along the Yellowstone River, north of Yellowstone National Park.
2023 Tver plane crash

On 23 August 2023, Embraer Legacy 600 crashed in Kuzhenkino, Tver Oblast, Russia. The crash killed all ten people onboard, including three crew members. The Russian Federal Air Transport Agency said that the passenger list included the names of the leader of the Wagner Group, Yevgeny Prigozhin and its co-founder, Dmitri Utkin. It is likely that both Prigozhin and Utkin were on the aircraft. On 27 August, the Russian Investigative Committee used DNA testing to confirm the identities of all the crash victims, including Prigozhin.
Background
The airplane was first registered in Slovenia as S5-ALS and then had different owners. Prigozhin purchased it in 2020 or 2018. The US didn't let the plane enter because Prigozhin was under sanctions for being involved in interference with 2018 United States elections.
The plane was also linked to taking Prigozhin to Belarus after a rebellion involving the Wagner Group.
Crash
According to Flightradar24.com, the airplane was (already) flying at 15:00 UTC. At 15:11, it was 8,500 m up. It stayed at this height until 15:19. Then, it climbed to 9,200 m. Next, it went down to 8,400 m and up to 8,900 m.
The airplane crashed in Kuzhenkino, Tver Oblast, about 60 miles (100 km) north of where it took off in Moscow.
Flight records suggested that Yevgeny Prigozhin, Dmitry Utkin, and other Wagner Group officials were on the plane. As a result, both Prigozhin and Utkin are now both presumed dead, although it is hard to confirm because Prigozhin has faked his death before.
Jimmy Collins (basketball)

James Earl Collins (November 24, 1946 - December 13, 2020) was an American basketball player and coach. He was born and raised in Syracuse, New York. He played for the Chicago Bulls from 1970 to 1972.
Collins was the head coach of the men's basketball team at the University of Illinois at Chicago from 1996 to 2010. He helped push the team to the NCAA Tournament in 1998, 2002 and 2004, and an NIT showing in 2003.
Collins died on December 13, 2020 from heart surgery-related problems in Chicago at the age of 74.
County government in Nebraska

County government in Nebraska is organized in two ways:
Township counties: the county is divided into townships and governed by a 7-member board of supervisors. 27 counties are governed this way.
Commissioner counties: the county is governed by a 3- or 5-member board of commissioners, but is not divided into organized townships. 66 counties are governed in this way.
Elected county officials
Board of Commissioners (commissioner counties) or Board of Supervisors (township counties)
County assessor
County attorney
County clerk
County sheriff
County treasurer
Register of Deeds
Other county officials (such as the county Surveyor and the election commissioners) are appointed; in smaller counties, these officials may be shared by multiple counties.
Makassar

Makassar () is the capital of the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. It is the largest city in the region of Eastern Indonesia and the country's fifth-largest urban center after Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, and Medan.
Åby, Norrköping Municipality

Aby is a locality in Norrkoping Municipality in Ostergotland County in Sweden. In 2010, 4,980 people lived there.
Woodland Hills, Utah

Woodland Hills is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States.
Phasianidae

The Phasianidae is a family of birds which includes the pheasants, partridges, grouse, junglefowl (including chicken). These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump, with broad relatively short wings. Many have a spur on their legs.
Males of the larger species are often brightly coloured. The typical diet is seeds with some insects and berries.
Ariadne

Ariadne, in Greek mythology, was daughter of King Minos of Crete and his queen, Pasiphae, daughter of Helios, the Sun-titan. She helped Theseus in defeating the Minotaur (by giving him a length of string to escape the labyrinth). But Theseus abandoned her so she became the consort of the god Dionysus. She is the Greek goddess of passion and mazes.
Saracen

Saracens () were Arab Muslims during the Middle Ages.
In the early centuries of the Common Era, Greek and Latin writings used the term to talk about the people who lived in desert areas in and near the Roman province of Arabia Petraea, and in Arabia Deserta.
The oldest known source mentioning Saracen dates to the 7th century.
Hawthorne, California

Hawthorne is a city in Los Angeles County, California. Its population is 88,083 as of 2020. The area was first settled by the Shoshonian Indians during the 1500s.
Famous residents
Marilyn Monroe lived in Hawthorne until she was six. The Beach Boys members Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, and Dennis Wilson grew up there. George Harrison's second wife, Olivia Harrison graduated from Hawthorne High School.
Big Love

Big Love is an American television drama series that aired on HBO from March 2006 to March 2011. It is about an extreme Mormon family, in which the man has several wives. This practice is called polygamy.
Antonio de la Cruz

Antonio de la Cruz (born 7 May 1947) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

Kitty Hawk is a town in northeastern North Carolina. It is on the Outer Banks. There were 3,272 people living there at the 2010 census.
In 1903, Kitty Hawk got famous when the Wright brothers made the first powered airplane flight at Kill Devil Hills on December 17.
Jamal Khashoggi

Jamal Ahmad Khashoggi (13 October 1958 - 2 October 2018) was a Saudi Arabian journalist and Washington Post columnist, author and the former general manager and editor-in-chief of Al Arab News Channel.
Khashoggi was kept hostage in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018. According to Turkish sources, they believe that Khashoggi was then brutally tortured for several days and later killed inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul.
On 15 October, an inspection of the consulate, by both Saudi Arabian followed by Turkish officials took place and found evidence of "tampering" during the inspection, and evidence that supported the belief Khashoggi was killed.
On 20 October, the Saudi government admitted that Khashoggi had died inside the Turkish consulate, claiming he had been strangled to death after a fight had broken out. He was 49.
Lorenzo Semple Jr.

Lorenzo Elliott Semple III (March 27, 1923 - March 28, 2014), better known as Lorenzo Semple Jr., was an American screenwriter and playwright. He was best known for his work on the campy television series Batman. He also wrote the movies Papillon, The Parallax View (1974), Three Days of the Condor (1975), Flash Gordon (1980), and Never Say Never Again (1983). He was born in New Rochelle, New York.
Semple died from natural causes on March 28, 2014 at his home in Los Angeles, California. He died a day after his 91st birthday.
Ziziphus mauritiana

Ziziphus mauritiana (or Indian jujube) is a type of fruit tree. It is most often found in south-east Asia, usually India.
Paraza

Paraza is a commune of 622 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Gila River Arena

The Gila River Arena is a sports arena in Glendale, Arizona. The arena opened on December 26, 2003, and is the current home to the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena was originally known as Glendale Arena until online company Jobing.com acquired naming rights in late 2006 for 10 years, which cost a reported $30 million. The building became Jobing.com Arena on January 1, 2007. In 2014, the team ended the contract with Jobing.com and reached a new deal with the Gila River Casinos, owned by a local tribe of Native Americans. The new arena name became official on September 10, 2014.
The arena currently seats 17,125 people (17,534 with standing room). The Arizona Sting of the National Lacrosse League (NLL) also played in the arena from 2003 to 2007.
Mike Posner

Mike Posner (born February 12, 1988) is an American pop singer. His first studio album was 31 Minutes to Takeoff. It was released on August 10, 2010. This album included the single "Please Don't Go" and the hit song "Cooler Than Me". He was born in Southfield, Michigan.
Elisabeta Polihroniade

Elisabeta Polihroniade (24 April 1935 - 23 January 2016) was a Romanian chess player and journalist. She became a Woman Grandmaster in 1982. She was also an International Arbiter. She won the Romanian Women's Championship in 1966, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1976 and 1977. She was born in Bucharest.
Polihroniade died on 23 January 2016, aged 80.
1992 Summer Olympics

The 1992 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad, were held in Barcelona, Spain from 25 July to 9 August.
Pharisees

Pharisees were Jewish leaders who composed and enforced religious law at a certain period in Jewish history. At times, the Pharisees were a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, Pharisaic beliefs became the foundation for Rabbinic Judaism. The term 'Judaism' today almost always refers to Rabbinic Judaism.
Paul of Tarsus, disciple of Jesus, was a Pharisee before he became a Christian.
Hold On Tight (Electric Light Orchestra song)

"Hold on Tight" is a 1981 song by British band Electric Light Orchestra and taken from their ninth studio album Time. It went to number one in Spain and Switzerland, number 2 in Austria and Germany, number 5 in Australia and the Netherlands, number 7 in New Zealand, number 4 in the United Kingdom and number 10 in the United States.
Simon Hoggart

Simon David Hoggart (26 May 1946 - 5 January 2014) was an English journalist and broadcaster.
He was born in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, the son of Richard Hoggart and elder brother of Paul Hoggart.
Hoggart wrote opinions about politics for The Guardian. He also wrote opinions about wine for The Spectator. Until 2006, he presented The News Quiz on Radio 4. His journalism sketches have been published in a series of books.
Hoggart died from pancreatic cancer on 5 January 2014. He was aged 67.
Kiss of Death (1995 movie)

Kiss of Death is a 1995 suspense-thriller movie. A former convict living in New York City tries to go straight. He is derailed when he gets into transportation of stolen cars. Samuel L. Jackson plays Detective Calvin, Helen Hunt plays Bev Kilmartin, David Caruso plays ex-con Jimmy Kilmartin and Nicolas Cage plays Little Junior Brown. This movie was released in April 1995 and received mixed reviews from the critics.
Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial in Israel

The Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial in Israel (Hebrew: AndrTt Hlly p`vlvt hAybh, Andartat Halalei Pe'ulot HaEiva) is a memorial to all victims of terrorism in Israel from 1851 onward. The memorial is located at the National Civil Cemetery of the State of Israel in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. The memorial includes the names of Jewish and non-Jewish people who have been killed in acts of terror.
Ricardo Boechat

Ricardo Eugenio Boechat (July 13, 1952 - February 11, 2019) was an Argentine-born Brazilian journalist and news anchor. He worked for newspapers such as O Globo, O Dia, O Estado de Sao Paulo and Jornal do Brasil.
Boechat won three Esso Journalism Awards. He entertained a weekly column at news magazine IstoE. In 2002, he authored the book Copacabana Place.
Boechat died in a helicopter crash on February 11, 2019, in Sao Paulo, Brazil at the age of 66.
Western saloon

A Western saloon is a type of bar that was popular during the Old West.
The very first saloon was created in Brown's Hole, Wyoming, in 1822 and served fur trappers. Some of the saloons offered dancing girls, some of them sometimes doubled as prostitutes. A lot of saloons offered poker, faro, brag, dice games, three-card monte, billiards, darts, and bowling. Some saloons included piano players, can-can girls, and theatrical skits. During his lifetime, Wyatt Earp owned and worked in many saloons.
Waterloo, Iowa

Waterloo is a city in northeast part of the US state of Iowa. It is near Cedar Falls. These two cities make up the Waterloo-Cedar Falls area. The University of Northern Iowa is in the area. Waterloo is the county seat of Black Hawk County.
Étais-la-Sauvin

Etais-la-Sauvin is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Othmar Mága

Othmar Maga (10 June 1929 - 28 January 2020) was a Czech-born German conductor. He was chief conductor internationally, including the Odense Symphony Orchestra in Denmark and the KBS Symphony Orchestra in Korea. From 2002 until 2003 he was GMD of the Niederrheinische Sinfoniker at the Theater Krefeld und Monchengladbach.
Maga died in Kiel, Germany on 28 January 2020, aged 90.
Got to Be There

Got to Be There is the debut studio album by Michael Jackson. It was released in 1971. It has sold over 3.2 million copies around the world. Four singles were released from the album. It includes the hits "Got to Be There" and "Rockin' Robin" (originally sung by Bobby Day).
Braveheart

Braveheart is an American historical movie war drama movie starring Mel Gibson and Sophie Marceau. It is loosely based around the life of 13th century Scottish warrior William Wallace, who fought against the English when they occupied Scotland.
Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders

Baldwin IV of Flanders (980-1035) known as Baldwin the Bearded, was a French nobleman and the Count of Flanders. He ruled from 987 until his death. His reign saw Flanders grow into a powerful principality.
Career
Baldwin IV, born c.980, was the son of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders and Rozala of Ivrea. When his father died in 987 Baldwin succeeded him as Count of Flanders . His mother, Rozala, was the regent of Flanders until he reached the age of majority. After his father's death, his mother's second marriage was arranged by Hugh Capet. She married Hugh's son Robert II, King of France as his first wife. When Robert repudiated her in 991 Baldwin rebelled. When they came to terms Artois and Ostrevant, once taken from Flanders, were returned to Baldwin.
Unlike his predecessors Baldwin was more interested in what lay east of Flanders. He left the southern part of his territory in the hands of his vassals the counts of Guines, Hesdin, and St. Pol. Baldwin was the first count of Flanders to extend Flemish control eastward. He was given Zeeland as a fief by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II. He also received Valenciennes from the emperor. Then Baldwin obtained parts of the Cambresis as well as Saint-Omer and the northern Ternois (1120).
In the French territories the principality of Flanders remained powerful throughout the Capetian period. The Flemish economy saw strong growth during Baldwin's reign. Baldwin IV died on 30 May, 1035.
Family
Baldwin married first, Ogive of Luxembourg. She was a daughter of Frederick of Luxembourg, by whom he had a son and heir:
Baldwin V, Count of Flanders (1012-1067). He succeeded his father as count.
He secondly married Eleanor of Normandy, daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy, by whom he had a daughter:
Judith (1033-1094) who married Tostig Godwinson. She secondly Welf I, Duke of Bavaria.
James Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead

James Henry Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead, KBE, PC (27 August 1920 - 9 March 2015) was a Northern Irish Unionist politician. He was leader of the Ulster Unionist Party from 1979 to 1995. He was a leading member and sometime Vice-President of the Conservative Monday Club. An Orangeman, he was also Sovereign Grand Master of the Royal Black Institution from 1971 to 1995.
Rueun

Rueun was a municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Rueun, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.
Itterbeck

Itterbeck in Bentheim in Lower Saxony is an old farming community that has developed into an independent community with almost 1,800 residents (2005). Itterbeck belongs to the Joint Community (Samtgemeinde) of Uelsen, whose administrative seat is in the like-named community.
Itterbeck's constituent communities (Ortsteile) are Itterbeck, Egge, Itterbeckermoor, Kleine Striepe, Balderhaarmoor, Itterbeckerdoose and Ratzel.
Cessna 172

The Cessna 172 is one of the best-selling single engine airplanes in the world. Over 43,000 of them have been made. It is made by Cessna Aircraft Company. It can carry 4 people including the pilot. From 1956 until 1967 it had a Continental six-cylinder piston engine. Beginning in 1968, the 172 was powered by a Lycoming four-cylinder piston engine.
Canadian Prairies

The Canadian Prairies is a region of Canada. There are different ways of deciding what parts of Canada is included in this region. Usually, the Prairie provinces include Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, since these provinces include prairie areas.
The prairie grasslands only cover the southern parts of these provinces. The geography of the prairie provinces also include forests, the Canadian Shield, and the Canadian Interior Plains.
Shelby, Montana

Shelby is a city in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Toole County. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 3,376 people living there.
Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides daily service to Shelby.
Moira Yip

Moira Yip is a British linguist. She earned her PhD in Linguistics in 1980 from MIT. She retired in 2009 from University College London (UCL). She had been Professor of Linguistics there. At UCL she also was co-director of the Centre for Human Communication. She was also Pro-Provost for China. Before joining UCL, she was Professor of Linguistics and Acting Dean at the University of California-Irvine (1992-1999) and Associate Professor at Brandeis University (1982-1992).
Moira Yip worked on theory of phonology (ideas about how sound is important in language). She was especially interested in phonology of Chinese. Her dissertation on the Tonal phonology of Chinese was published in the Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics series (Routledge). In 2002 she published the first modern textbook on tone in the Cambridge University Press linguistics textbook series.
She is married to business academic, George Yip.
Important publications
Yip, Moira J. 1980. The tonal phonology of Chinese. PhD dissertation, MIT.
Yip, Moira. 1988. The Obligatory Contour Principle and Phonological Rules: a Loss of Identity. Linguistic Inquiry, 19 (1), 65-100.
Yip, Moira. 1989. Contour tones. Phonology, 6(1), 149-174.
Yip, Moira. 2002. Tone. Cambridge University Press.
Hichem Djait

Hichem Djait (), (December 6, 1935 - June 1, 2021) was a Tunisian historian and scholar of Islam.
Djait was born in Tunis, Tunisia.
He was a Emeritus Professor at the University of Tunis. He was also a visiting professor at the McGill University and the University of California at Berkeley.
Djait was a specialist in Medieval Islamic history, he was member of the International Scientific Institute for the General History of Africa edited by the UNESCO.
Barbara Guest

Barbara Guest, born Barbara Ann Pinson (September 6, 1920 - February 15, 2006), was an American poet and prose writer.
Guest was part of the first generation New York School of poets who often used words as painters use paint. She wrote more than 20 books of poetry. She also wrote a novel, art criticism, essays, and plays.
Guest was born in Wilmington, North Carolina and raised in California. She went to college at UCLA and got a B.A. in 1943 from UC Berkeley. She worked in the editor's office at ARTnews magazine from 1951-1959.
In 1999, she was awarded the Frost Medal for Lifetime Achievement by the Poetry Society of America. She was also well known for her biography of the poet H.D., Herself Defined: The Poet H.D. and Her World.
Books
The Location of Things (1960)
Poems: The Location of Things, Archaics, The Open Skies (1962)
The Open Skies (1962)
The Blue Stairs (1968)
I Ching, with lithographs by Sheila Isham (1969).
Magna Carta Holy Grail

Magna Carta Holy Grail (sometimes written as Magna Carta... Holy Grail) is the twelfth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z. It was released for digital download on 4 July 2013. It was then released in album form on 8 July 2013 by Roc-A-Fella and Roc Nation while being shared by Universal Records. Justin Timberlake, Nas, Rick Ross, Frank Ocean and Beyonce also sang in the album. The album was promoted with commercials that were presented by Samsung. Even though some critics didn't like the album, it still reached #1 on the American, British, Swiss and Canadian music charts. It debuted at #1 on the US Billboard 200 Chart.
Songs
Holy Grail (with Justin Timberlake)
Picasso Baby
Tom Ford
FuckWithMeYouKnowIGotIt (with Rick Ross)
Oceans (with Frank Ocean)
F.U.T.V.
Kaysersberg

Kaysersberg is a former commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Kaysersberg-Vignoble.
Tuas West Road MRT station

Tuas West Road MRT Station (EW32) is a MRT station along the East West Line in Tuas, Singapore. This station is to provide rail connection to the western part of Tuas and Tuas South from the rest of the island, and vice versa. It was formerly W17 before the opening.
History
It was first announced on 11 January 2011 by Transport Minister Mr Raymond Lim in a speech while visiting Bedok when new platform screen doors opened there. It was expected to be completed by 2016 and would benefit an estimated 100,000 commuters daily.
John Poindexter

John Marlan Poindexter (born August 12, 1936) is a retired United States naval officer and Department of Defense official. He was Deputy National Security Advisor and National Security Advisor for the Reagan administration. He was convicted in April 1990 of multiple felonies as a result of his actions in the Iran-Contra affair, but his convictions were reversed on appeal in 1991.
Serafin R. Cuevas

Serafin R. Cuevas (25 June 1928 - 9 February 2014) was a Filipino lawyer and a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines appointed during the government of Ferdinand Marcos.
Early life and education
Serafin R. Cuevas was born on 25 June 1928 in Bacoor Cavite.
He went to Las Pinas Elementary School in his elementary education and to the University of Manila in his secondary education. He obtained his Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of the Philippines in 1952 and passed the Bar examination the same year.
Career
He started his career as a professorial lecturer at the College of Law of the University of the Philippines and at the Institute of Law of the Far Eastern University. Afterwards, he became an Assistant Fiscal of the City of Manila and then as Judge to the Court of First Instance.
Before his appoinment as an Associate Justice to the Supreme Court of the Philippines on May 31, 1984, he was Associate Justice to the Intermediate Appellate Court.
Death
Justice Cuevas died on February 9, 2014 from liver cancer. He was 85.
Ryan Raburn

Ryan Neil Raburn (born April 17, 1981) is a baseball player who plays for the Washington Nationals. He previously played for the Detroit Tigers, Cleveland Indians, and Colorado Rockies. He has played many positions, but mostly second base and left field.
Pembroke, New Hampshire

Pembroke is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States.
2022 Toronto mayoral election

The 2022 Toronto mayoral election is scheduled for Monday, October 24, 2022. The election will elect the mayor of the City of Toronto.
Registration for candidates for the office of mayor will officially open on Monday, May 2, 2022. The deadline for candidate nominations is Friday, August 19 at 2 p.m.
Prospective candidates
John Tory, incumbent mayor since 2014
Declined
Joe Cressy, Councillor for Ward 10 since 2014.
Tamins

Tamins () is a municipality of the district of Imboden in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
Athletics at the Summer Olympics

Athletics, known as Track and Field in the United States, has been contested at every Summer Olympics since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics.
Men's events
No new events have been added to the men's athletics programme since 1952 when the short racewalk was added. The roster of events has not changed since then, with the exception of the omission of the long racewalk in 1976. The long racewalk is the only event held for men but not included on the women's programme.
A total of 52 different events have been held in the men's competition. The current list has 24 events.
Many of the discontinued events were similar to modern ones but at different lengths, especially in the steeplechasing, hurdling, and racewalking disciplines.
Team racing events were only run in the six early editions of the Games.
The athletic multi-discipline triathlon (3 events) and pentathlon (5 events) have been replaced by the 10 event decathlon, and the medley relay replaced by relay races where each section is the same length as the others.
Standing jump competitions are no longer held, nor are the various modified throwing events which were experimented with in 1908 and 1912.
Dothan, Alabama

Dothan is a city and county seat of Houston County, Alabama. The city has a population of about 70,000 people. Dothan has an area of about and sits at a height of .
Sotaro Sada

Sotaro Sada (born 18 March 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Thespa Kusatsu.
Sophie Reynolds

Sophie Reynolds (born April 2, 1999) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Ashley Parker in Gamer's Guide to Pretty Much Everything and Isabel McKenna on L.A.'s Finest.
Life and career
Reynolds grew up in Vancouver, Washington, a suburb of Portland, Oregon. She has an older brother. The family moved to Los Angeles when she was 15.
Reynolds started dancing at the age of three. She trained in ballet, jazz, contemporary, hip hop and tap dance. At the suggestion of her dance teachers, Sophie tried acting to expand her palate, eventually falling in love with the craft.
She gained prominence through her role as Ashley Parker in the Disney XD series Gamer's Guide to Pretty Much Everything. In 2015 she starred in Mostly Ghostly: One Night in Doom House, an adaptation of a book by R.L. Stine. In 2017 she joined the cast of Anna Akana's YouTube Red series Youth & Consequences. In 2019 she played the character of Isabel McKenna in the show L.A.'s Finest.
Gymnastics at the 1972 Summer Olympics

Gymnastics at the 1972 Summer Olympics was represented by 14 events: 6 for women and 8 for men. The competition was held from August 27 to September 1 at the Sports Hall in Munich.
Format of competition
The scoring in the team competition event and in event finals was the same, as for gymnastics events at the previous Olympics. But in the all-around the scoring system became similar to that of event finals: for the all-around a gymnast showed one's skills once more on each of the apparatuses; to get the "Total" value for the all-around performance, marks in the team competition were added together, the result was divided by two ("Prelim" value) and added to the sum of marks for all-around routines ("Final" value). Judging system was basically the same, as at the previous Olympics.
Medals
Men's events
"C" stands for "Compulsory exercises" and "O" stands for "Optional exercises".
Individual all-around
"Prelim" mark is the value from the "Score" column of the team competition table, divided by two.
Team competition
Floor exercise
"Prelim" value is the sum of two marks for compulsory and optional routine in the team competition on the respective apparatus, divided by two.
Pommel horse
Rings
Vault
Parallel bars
Horizontal bar
Women's events
"C" stands for "Compulsory exercises" and "O" stands for "Optional exercises".
Individual all-around
"Prelim" mark is the value from the "Score" column of the team competition table, divided by two.
Team competition
Vault
"Prelim" value is the sum of two marks for compulsory and optional routine on the respective apparatus in the team competition, divided by two.
Uneven bars
Balance beam
Floor exercise
Note:country names are given in the form they were used in the official documents of the IOC in 1972.
CERN

CERN is a research institute near Geneva, Switzerland. The full name is Organisation Europeene pour la Recherche Nucleaire (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The letters "CERN" are left over from the older Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (European Council for Nuclear Research). CERN was founded in 1954. Today 22 nations are members of the organisation. It is the world's biggest laboratory for particle physics. About 2600 people work there full-time, and over 7800 scientists from about 500 universities and research institutes work there in total.
The Large Hadron Collider, the largest particle accelerator in the world, is at CERN.
Agny

Agny is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Les XX

Les XX was a group of twenty Belgian painters, designers and sculptors. It was formed in 1883 by the Brussels lawyer, publisher, and entrepreneur Octave Maus. For ten years 'Les Vingt', as they called themselves, held a yearly exhibition of their art. Each year twenty international artists were also invited to be in the exhibition. Artists invited over the years included: Camille Pissarro (1887, 1889, 1891), Claude Monet (1886, 1889), Georges Seurat (1887, 1889, 1891, 1892), Paul Gauguin (1889, 1891), Paul Cezanne (1890), and Vincent van Gogh (1890, 1891).
In 1893, the society of Les XX was changed into "La Libre Esthetique".
Tony Momoh

Prince Tony Momoh (27 April 1939 - 1 February 2021) was a Nigerian journalist and politician. He was Nigerian Minister of Information and Culture from 1986 to 1990 during the military regime of General Ibrahim Babangida. Momoh was born in Auchi, Nigeria.
He died on 1 February 2021 in Lagos, Nigeria at the age of 81.
James Saito

James Tomio Saito (born March 6, 1955) is a Japanese-American actor. Saito played the original Shredder in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Dr. Chen in the ABC series Eli Stone, Harry Kim in the Netflix movie Always Be My Maybe, and Kenji on Modern Love.
155 North Wacker

155 North Wacker is a 48-story skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois designed by Goettsch Partners and was developed by the John Buck Company. It is 638 feet (195 m) tall. It has received LEED silver pre-certification.
Tomas Joson III

Tomas Noriel Joson III (May 10, 1948 - July 23, 2020) was a Filipino politician, businessman and lawyer. He was a Governor of Nueva Ecija for one term from 1992 to 1995, and was re-elected for another three terms from 1998 to 2007. Joson was born in Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija.
In 2019, Joson was found guilty of three counts of graft and sentenced to between six and ten years' imprisonment for each count. Joson was acquitted in 2020.
Joson died on July 23, 2020 at the age of 72.
St Kilda, New Zealand

St Kilda is a suburb of Dunedin. It was named after the Melbourne suburb of St Kilda. It had a racecourse called Forbury Park Raceway that ran until its closure in 2021. From 1875 to 1989 it had a borough until it was adsorbed into Dunedin City Council in 1989. It is located near the suburbs of St Clair, Forbury, Tainui, South Dunedin and Musselburgh.
Ray-Ban Wayfarer

Wayfarer glasses are thick-framed, usually plastic/acetate eyeglasses or sunglasses with square or trapezoidal rims. The style was invented by Ray-Ban in 1956 and represented a refreshing break from the metal wire-rim glasses of the past. The original design resembles Cadillac tail fins. Wayfarer glasses are seen by many as synonymous with punk, hipster or geek chic style.
London Underground 1962 Stock

The 1962 Tube Stock was a type of London Underground tube train built for use on the Central line. They were used on the Central line between 1962 and 1995. These tube trains were very similar to the 1938 stocks used on Piccadilly line.
Unsleben

Unsleben is a municipality in Rhon-Grabfeld in Bavaria in Germany.
Geography
Unsleben is in the Main-Rhon area.
Near its south-east sides, the brook Els flows into the stream Streu.
Thank You (Meghan Trainor album)

Thank You is the second major-label studio album by American singer-songwriter Meghan Trainor. The album was released exclusively on Apple Music on May 6, 2016, and was fully released on May 13, 2016, through Epic Records.
Lakewood Ranch, Florida

Lakewood Ranch is a planned community located in southeastern Manatee County and northeastern Sarasota County, Florida, United States. It is about .
It is part of the North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Megasthenes

Megasthenes (, ca. 350 - 290 BCE) was a Greek ethnographer and explorer in the Hellenistic period. He wrote the work Indica. He was born in Asia Minor (now Turkey).
Arrian says that Megasthenes lived in Arachosia, with the satrap Sibyrtius. He visited India from there:
"Megasthenes lived with Sibyrtius, satrap of Arachosia, and often speaks of his visiting Sandracottus, the king of the Indians." Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri
At the beginning of his Indica, he speaks about the older Indians who know about when Dionysus and Hercules arrived in India. This story was very popular during the Alexandrian period. What he says about the religions of the Indians is important. He mentions the devotees of Heracles (Lord Krishna) and Dionysus (Lord Shiva or King Lord Indra). However, he does not mention Buddhists. This could mean that the religion was not well known before Ashoka took power.
Writers like Arrian, Strabo, Diodorus and Pliny refer to Indica in their works. Arrian said the best things about Megasthenes, but Strabo and Pliny do not treat him with as much respect.
Megasthenes' Indica is the first well-known description of India by someone from the Western world.
John Dall

John Dall (born John Jenner Thompson, May 26, 1918 - January 15, 1971) was an American actor.
He was born in New York City. He starred in Rope with Farley Granger and James Stewart. Dall played the male lead role in Gun Crazy.
Dall died of a heart attack in Beverly Hills, California.
Paradise Now

Paradise Now () is a 2005 Palestinian Dutch French German Israeli drama movie directed by Hany Abu-Assad and starring Kais Nashef, Ali Suliman, Lubna Azabal, Hiam Abbass. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 2006.
Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester

Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, (Richard Alexander Walter George; born 26 August 1944) is a member of the British royal family.
He is the second son of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, as well as the youngest of the nine grandchildren of George V and Queen Mary. He is currently 30th in line of succession to the British throne, and the highest person on the list who is not a descendant of George VI, who was his uncle. At the time of his birth, he was 5th in line to the throne, behind his first cousins Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and Princess Margaret, his father, and his elder brother Prince William of Gloucester.
Marriage and family
On 8 July 1972, Richard married Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen in St Andrew's Church at Barnwell, Northamptonshire; they have three children:
Alexander Patrick Gregers Richard Windsor, Earl of Ulster (born 24 October 1974 at St Mary's Hospital, London); he married Claire Booth in 2002. The couple have two children.
Lady Davina Elizabeth Alice Benedikte Windsor (born 19 November 1977 at St Mary's Hospital, London); she married Gary Lewis in 2004, and they divorced in 2018. They have two children.
Lady Rose Victoria Birgitte Louise Gilman (born 1 March 1980 at St Mary's Hospital, London); she married George Gilman in 2008. The couple have two children.
The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester's official residence is at Kensington Palace in London.
Fermat's primality test

Fermat's primality test is an algorithm. It can test if a given number p is probably prime. There is a flaw however: There are numbers that pass the test, and that are not prime. These numbers are called Carmichael numbers.
Concept
Fermat's little theorem states that if p is prime and , then
.
If we want to test if n is prime, then we can pick random a'''s in the interval and see if the equation above holds. If the equality does not hold for a value of a, then n is composite (not prime). If the equality does hold for many values of a, then we can say that n is probably prime, or a pseudoprime.
It may be in our tests that we do not pick any value for a such that the equality fails. Any a such that
when n is composite is known as a Fermat liar. If we do pick an a such that
then a is known as a Fermat witness for the compositeness of n.'' is the modulo operation. Its result is what remains, if p is divided by n. As an example,
.
What this test is used for
The RSA algorithm for public-key encryption can be done in such a way that it uses this test. This is useful in cryptography.