kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Anglican Communion

The Anglican Communion is an association of all Anglican churches in full communion with the Church of England. There is no single "Anglican Church" with universal authority, because each national or regional church has full autonomy. With over one hundred and ten million members, the Anglican Communion is the third largest communion in the world, after the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Churches.
The status of full communion means that all rites conducted in one church are recognised by the other. Some of these churches are known as Anglican, explicitly recognising the link to England (Ecclesia Anglicana means "Church of England").
The Archbishop of Canterbury, religious head of the Church of England, has no formal authority outside that jurisdiction, but is recognised as symbolic head of the worldwide communion.
Dohis

Dohis is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Cronobacter

Cronobacter is a type of Gram-negative bacteria in the shape of a rod.
Growth
It can grow using air. But it can also grow on its own if there is no air. They are able to move most of the time, they take away Nitrate from the body, and use Citric acid to live. They use water to break down Arginine (a protein that the body must have to live) and Aesculin, (a sugar which is found in certain foods.) They can take carbon from a chemical compound called "Ornithine" and turn it into Carbon Dioxide, which can cause a low amount of Ornithine in the body, causing bad things when peeing.
Dangers and Spreading
Cronobacter entering the body for an adult can happen. Though, Most of the time does not lead to anything bad. In babies though, it can cause very bad things. It can cause Sepsis or cause the areas around the brain and Spinal cord to grow too big which can cause people to die very fast, (Meningitis.)
Cronobacter spreads mainly through powder used to make milk. Problems in factories can make an Outbreak happen.
Rohrbach, Bavaria

is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.
Personalities
Johann Andreas Schmeller (1785-1852), Germanist and linguist; spent the childhood and youth in Rinnberg near Rohrbach.
Papowo Biskupie

Papowo Biskupie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chelmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
List of governors of Texas

The governor of Texas is the chief executive of the U.S. State of Texas, the presiding officer over the executive branch of the Government of Texas, and the commander-in-chief of the Texas National Guard, the state's militia.
Bioorthogonal chemistry

The term bioorthogonal chemistry is about any chemical reaction that can happen inside of living systems without causing any problems with its native biochemical processes. The term was created by Carolyn Bertozzi in 2003. The idea of bioorthogonal reaction has caused a larger study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids.
Sarton, Pas-de-Calais

Sarton is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Mayonnaise

Mayonnaise (also known as Mayo) is a thick sauce. It is an emulsion of vegetable oil and egg yolk, with either lemon juice or vinegar. It is often used as a condiment for food such as salads, sandwiches and french fries.
Tim Walz

Timothy James Walz (; born April 6, 1964) is an American politician. Waltz is a member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL). He is the 41st Governor of Minnesota.
He was a U.S. Representative for from 2007 to 2019.
In March 2017, Walz announced that he would not run for reelection to Congress. He ran for Governor of Minnesota and on August 14, 2018, he won the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party nomination. He won the general election in November 2018.
Tomio Fukuoka

(born January 1, 1936) is a Japanese educator and Academian. He is the founder/Chairman of Kobe Denshi and Graduate School of Information Technology (KIC).
Biography
Tomio Fukuoka was born in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. He founded KIC in 1958 as a small Electronic school in the city of Kobe, Japan was called Kobe Electronic School, which received the recognition Institute of Advanced Vocational Education from the Japanese Ministry of Education in 1988 for its vital contribution to Japanese computing society. Now KIC is one of the major institutes for professional, vocational, practical oriented education in ICT and other Digital related industries in Japan over 18,000 alumni.
Awards and Honors
Medals of Honor (Japan)|Medal with Blue Ribbon
Awarded for significant achievements in the areas of public welfare and public service by the Government of Japan in 1993.
Order of the Sacred Treasure (GOLD AND SILVER RAYS)
Awarded for distinguished achievements in research fields, social work, state/local government fields, or the improvement of life for handicapped/impaired persons by the Emperor of Japan in 2008.
Geraldine, Alabama

Geraldine is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Angry Kid

Angry Kid is a British adult live-action/stop-motion animated comedy web series about a redheaded teenager named Angry Kid, created by Darren Walsh.
Synopsis
The show centers around teenage schoolboy Angry Kid (voiced by Darren Walsh) and his crazy adventures of being chased by dogs, making prank phone calls, and annoying his friends and family.
Urine-diverting dry toilet

Urine-diverting dry toilet (UDDT) is a toilet that does not use water. It has a device that moves the urine away. This toilet can give safe and cheap sanitation in many places on Earth.
Adrienne Jablanczy

Adrienne Jablanczy (born 11 September 1948) is a French economist, professor, and, since 1997, Head of the Institut superieur europeen de gestion group.
Jablanczy graduated from the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne and the Institut d'etudes politiques de Paris. She started her career in 1976 as a economics and teacher at Pantheon-Assas University. In 1997, she was nominated Director of the ISEG. She is also a financial markets teacher at the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications de Bretagne.
Jablanzcy specializes in management of business schools, financial markets and Islamic finance.
Audio editing software

For use with music
Editors designed for use with music typically allow the user to do the following:
The ability to import and export various audio file formats for editing
Record audio from one or more inputs and save the recording
Edit the start time, stop time, and duration of any sound on the audio timeline
Fading into/out of or in-between audio clips.
Mix multiple sound sources/tracks, combine them at various volume levels and pan from channel to channel to one or more output tracks
Apply simple or advanced effects or filters, including compression, expansion, flanging, reverb, audio noise reduction, and equalization to change the audio
Playback sound (often after being mixed) that can be sent to one or more outputs, such as speakers, additional processors, or a recording medium
Conversion between different audio file formats, or between different sound quality levels
Typically these tasks can be performed in a manner that is non-linear. Each time the edited audio is played back, it is reconstructed from the original source and the specified editing steps.
Hilfikon

Hilfikon was a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Since 2010, it is part of the municipality of Villmergen.
Fellsmere, Florida

Fellsmere is a city of Florida in the United States.
History
Fellsmere was created in 1905.
Crime fiction

Crime fiction is the genre of fiction that has to do with crimes, their solving, criminals, and their reasons for doing crime. Sometimes, crime fiction is also in the science fiction or historical fiction genres, but usually they are separate. It has several sub-genres, such as mystery fiction, legal thriller, (see John Grisham) and courtroom drama.
Houston Rockets

The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Houston, Texas. They play their home games at the Toyota Center. They began playing in the NBA in 1967 and were originally known as the San Diego Rockets from 1967 to 1971.
Hakeem Olajuwon was a star player for the Rockets leading them to their first championship in 1994 and their next in 1995 with Hakeem being the Finals MVP both times. Yao Ming and James Harden were also a star players for the Rockets.
Michael Dobbs

Michael Dobbs is a British author and politician who supports the British Conservative Party. Dobbs is a Baron. Dobbs was in the House of Lords when Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister. Dobbs is most known for the House of Cards books.
Motif

In art, a motif is a repeated pattern, image, or theme. Paisley designs are called motifs. Many designs in mosques in Islamic culture are motifs. Two major Roman motifs are egg and tongue, and ball and reel.
Motifs may have iconographic significance within a work of art.
Aurigny Air Services

Aurigny Air Services Limited, known as aurigny.com is an airline with its head office at Guernsey Airport in the Channel Islands, and is owned by the States of Guernsey. It operates passenger and freight services between the Channel Islands, northern France and the United Kingdom. Its main base is Guernsey Airport, with other aircraft and crew based at Jersey Airport and Alderney Airport. Aurigny is one of the longest operating regional airlines in the world, and is one of the oldest airlines in Britain except for Loganair and Monarch Airlines. The name means Alderney.
Mohammad Ali Jauhar

Muhammed Ali (/mo:'la:n@ mU'ha:m@d a:'li:/; Arabic: mHmd `ly; 1874 - 13 October 1951) was an Indian writer and leading figure of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam.
Peschiera del Garda

Peschiera del Garda (; ; , Arilica) is a town and comune in the province of Verona, in Veneto, Italy.
Rebecca Kimitch

Rebecca Kimitch is an American journalist. She won a 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting.
She studied at Northwestern University. She worked for the Daily Breeze, Los Angeles News Group, and Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.
Peru at the Olympics

Peru at the Olympics is a history which includes 20 games in 15 countries and 300+ athletes. Since 1900, the Peru has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Peru is PER.
History
The Peru National Olympic Committee was formed in 1924. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1936.
Peru's team first competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris.
Since 1936, the nation has been in all but one Summer Olympic Games. Peru was in the Winter Olympic Games in 2010.
Camillo Berneri

Camillo Berneri (also known as Camillo da Lodi; 1877, Lodi-May 5 1937, Barcelona) was an Italian professor of philosophy, anarchist militant, propagandist and theorist.
Berneri, a World War I veteran, University of Florence professor of humanities, and a member of the Unione Anarchica Italiana, fought always Fascists, and he started to fight fascism until 1926, when he was forced to escape from Italy and he went in France, then Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and finally the Netherlands. In all these countries, Berneri was frequently placed under arrest, and then often expelled, because he was an anarchist. When he was in these countries he wrote lot of anti-clerical and anti-fascist articles.
With Carlo Rosselli, Berneri organized the first troop (column) of Italian volunteers to fight in the Spanish Civil War against Francisco Franco. After months he became highly critical of the involvement of Confederacion Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) members in the Popular Front government, and he sent a letter to Federica Montseny (Anarchist minister for Health in the government against fascism).
During the Barcelona May Days, as troop of Communist Party of Spain members (apparently under orders from Joseph Stalin) searched and then murdered him. His body, riddled with bullets, was found during the night, near the headquarters of the Generalitat de Catalunya.
He was married to Giovanna Berneri and was father of Marie-Louise Berneri and Giliane Berneri. The children were anarchists as the father Camillo.
Richard Stone

Sir John Richard Nicholas Stone (30 August 1913 - 6 December 1991) was a British economist. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1984.
Early life
Stone was born on 30 August 1913 in London, England. He studied at the Cambridge University.
Career
In 1984, Stone received the Nobel Prize in Economics. He won the Nobel Prize for developing an accounting model that could be used to track economic activities on a national and, later, an international scale.
He is sometimes known as the 'father of national income accounting', and is the author of studies of consumer demand statistics and demand modeling, economic growth, and input-output.
Personal life
Stone was married to Winifred Mary Jenkins from 1936 until they divorced in 1940. Then he was married to Feodora Leontinoff from 1941 until her death in 1956. Then he was married to Giovanna Croft-Murray Saffi from 1960 until his death in 1991. Stone had one daughter, Caroline Stone.
Death
Stone died on 6 December 1991 in Cambridge, England from pneumonia, aged 78.
7 July Memorial

The 7 July Memorial is a permanent memorial to the 52 victims of the 7 July 2005 London bombings. It is on the east side of Hyde Park, by Lover's Walk and Park Lane, close to Curzon Gate and about north of the well-known statue of Achilles.
Vandalism
The memorial had graffiti put on two weeks after its creation ceremony in 2009, with words written on the memorial with a black marker pen. It was graffitied on for a second time in 2014, being found on the morning of the ninth anniversary of the attacks. In the 2014 incident slogans such as "4Innocent Muslims", "Blair Lied Thousands Died" and "J7 Truth" were written in red and black marker on the memorial, and were removed shortly after being discovered by the park's manager.
Servant of the People

Servant of the People or Servants of the People may refer to:
Servant of the People (political party), a Ukrainian political party
Servant of the People (TV series), a Ukrainian television program
2017–18 Premier League

The 2017-18 Premier League is the 26th premier league as Chelsea are the defending Champions. The season started on 11 August 2017 and finished on 13 May 2018. Newcastle United F.C. Brighton and Hove Albion and Huddersfield Town got promoted to the Premier League from the English Football League. Brighton are playing in the Premier League for the first time in their history.
League table
Results
Season record
Scoring
Top scorers
Hat-tricks
Note
4 Player scored 4 goals; (H) - Home ; (A) - Away
Top assists
Clean sheets
Discipline
Player
Most yellow cards: 11
Oriol Romeu (Southampton)
Most red cards: 2
Wilfred Ndidi (Leicester City)
Jonjo Shelvey (Newcastle United)
Club
Most yellow cards: 73
West Bromwich Albion
West Ham United
Most red cards: 5
Leicester City
Awards
Monthly awards
PFA Team of the Year
The PFA Team of the Year was:
Goalkeeper: David de Gea (Manchester United)
Defence: Kyle Walker (Manchester City), Nicolas Otamendi (Manchester City), Jan Vertonghen (Tottenham Hotspur), Marcos Alonso (Chelsea)
Midfield: David Silva (Manchester City), Christian Eriksen (Tottenham Hotspur), Kevin De Bruyne (Manchester City)
Attack: Mohamed Salah (Liverpool), Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur), Sergio Aguero (Manchester City)
PFA Player of the Year
The PFA Players' Player of the Year was awarded to Mohamed Salah.
PFA Young Player of the Year
The PFA Young Player of the Year was awarded to Leroy Sane.
Mange tout

Mange Tout (also called snow pea or sugar pea) is a pea which has an edible pod and is eaten when the pod is young and flat. The name in French explains that you can eat the pod too and it translates to 'eat it all.' It is a garden pea which grows well in a small garden. The season for Mange Tout in the UK is between June and September. Mange Tout have to be eaten quickly before they spoil. Fresh Mange Tout should be moist and broken crisply. The colour should be green and not yellow.
Mauerstetten

Mauerstetten is a municipality in Ostallgau in the southwest of Bavaria in Germany.
Cairon

Cairon is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Nerbudda River

The Nerbudda River (other spellings are "Narbudda" and "Narmada") is a river in western India. The source of the Nerbudda is in the east of the state of Madhya Pradesh. At Jabalpur it turns southwest and follows a course between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges. It then follows a more westerly course across Madhya Pradesh and then Gujarat. Finally the river flows into the Gulf of Khambhat through an estuary 13 miles wide.
Senegal bushbaby

The Senegal bushbaby (Galago senegalensis), also known as the Senegal galago, lesser galago, or lesser bushbaby is a small, nocturnal primate which lives in trees. They prefer dry woodland regions and savannah regions. At the end of the night, group members use a special rallying call and gather to sleep in a nest made of leaves, in a group of branches, or in a hole in a tree.
They are small primates (130mm and 95-300 grams) with woolly thick fur that ranges from silvery gray to dark brown. They are good jumpers.
Bush babies have 1-2 babies per litter, with gestation period being 110--120 days.
Stapler

A stapler is an office tool that is used to place thin items such as paper together. It uses a small piece of wire (a staple) to put them together. The ends of the staple are pointed and go into the paper. There is also a chain of stores called Staples, which sell office supplies.
When you press the stapler down, it will release a staple. The staple is pressed into the paper, and then bent. That way the pieces of paper get stuck together.
Munising, Michigan

Munising is a city in Alger County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,355 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Alger County.
Mason County, Texas

Mason County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 3,953 people lived there. The county seat is Mason.
Tallinn University

Tallinn University in its present form was started on 18 March 2005 by joining together of several universities and research institutions in Tallinn:
Academic Library of Estonia (1946),
Baltic Film and Media School (1992/97),
Estonian Institute of Humanities (1988),
Institute of History (1946)
Tallinn Pedagogical University (1919)
There are about 7,000 degree students and about 14,000 more taking part in continuing education programmes. This makes Tallinn University the third largest provider of higher education in Estonia. Among degree students, 11% were not Estonian. There are 860 people working at the university in 2022. About 10% are international academics.
It is divided into five schools:
School of Educational Sciences,
Baltic Film, Media, Arts and Communication School - which teaches in English.
School of Humanities,
School of Natural Sciences and Health
School of Governance, Law and Society.
The School of Digital Technologies supports the other five.
Unified Modeling Language

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field of software engineering. UML is used to provide a standard way to show what the design of a system looks like.
UML was originally developed to standardize the different notational systems and approaches to software design. It was developed by Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson and James Rumbaugh at Rational Software in 1994-95, with further development led by them through 1996.
In 1997, UML was adopted as a standard by the Object Management Group (OMG), and has been managed by this organization ever since. In 2005 the Unified Modeling Language was also published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as an approved ISO standard.
There are different types of diagrams, which serve different purposes:
That way, business analysts can agree on the design of a system, for example by showing use-case diagrams
Software developers can show activvityy diagrams, to expalin what the software does at a given moment, or how a certain operatio is structured.
System engineers can rol out the software, and describe their work in a deployment diagram.
UML is mostly about diagrams, and finding a common language to describe these diagrams.
Disappearance of Morgan Nick

Morgan Nick is a person who was born on September 12, 1988. She was kidnapped and went missing on June 9, 1995.
Disappearance
On June 9, 1995, Morgan and her family were at a baseball game. Around an hour later, Morgan asked her mother if she could get fireflies with her friends. Her mother did not want to allow Morgan to go at first, but agreed after other parents said that it would be safe. She was last seen getting sand out of her shoes next to her mothers vehicle. Her friends reported seeing a stranger. She was never seen again.
GI (military)

GI or G.I. is a term used to describe a member of the United States armed forces or an item of their equipment. The term is often thought to be an initialism of "Government Issue" but the origin of the term is in fact galvanized iron after the letters "GI" that were used for equipment such as metal trash cans made from it in U.S. Army inventories and supply records.
I Am (Leona Lewis album)

I Am is the fifth studio album by British recording artist Leona Lewis. It was released on 11 September 2015, by Island Records after Lewis left Syco Music in June 2014, she had been with that label ever since she had won The X Factor in 2006.
Selkingen

Selkingen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2001 the former municipalities of Selkingen, Biel and Ritzingen merged into the new municipality of Grafschaft.
Samuel Sadela

Reverend Samuel Akinbode Sadela (Ifon Osun, 25 August 1900? - Lagos, 26 August 2014) was a Nigerian pastor and an unverified claimant for the world's oldest man. If his age is true, he would have been the oldest living man, the oldest living person in Africa, the oldest person in Nigeria, and the 10th oldest living person. Sadela is also known for being married at 107 years old to a 30 years old woman.
Rev. Samuel Akinbode Sadela was a remarkable man of God who was instrumental to almost all the Christian revivals which happened in Nigeria. He put an amazing 82 years into the preaching of the gospel of Jesus Christ. He was the founder of the Gospel Apostolic Church.
His first school was St. Paul's Primary School in Ifon Osun. In 1914, he was forced to drop out of school and start working. In 1918, he returned to school. He went to the University of London in 1925. After graduation, he became a priest.
Before the news of his death, the high priest claimed that Samuel was in the hospital and that he was receiving medical treatment. Apparently he died on the premises of his church in Lagos, Nigeria. On 26 August 2014, he died at the claimed age of 114 from natural causes.
Naorem

Naorem is a Meetei family. It is native to Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur). People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
History
During the era of King Samuroiba Ningthou, the Naorem clan built a temple dedicated to God Khamlangba at Kakching Wairi. The holy shrine was looked after by the Naorem family.
Quake III: Arena

Quake III: Arena is a video game in the Quake series. It has been published from 1999, for Microsoft Windows and other platforms.
It is a first person shooter and its main goal is to kill ("frag") other players using various weapons. You can fight against computer-guided characters ("bots") in singleplayer mode, or against human players in multiplayer mode (via LAN or Internet).
Game modes
There are four game modes:
Tournament: 1 vs. 1.
Free for all (FFA): standard "deathmatch" (everyone vs. everyone)
Team Deathmatch (TDM): players are divided into two teams (red and blue)
Capture the flag (CTF): two teams, you have to get the flag of the enemy and bring it to your base
Expansions
You can install many expansions for this game: new levels and new characters, or entire "mods" (light or heavy modifications of the game, with new items, rules, weapons...).
Arquata Scrivia

Arquata Scrivia (local dialect: Auqua) is a comune in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont. It is about southeast of Turin and about southeast of Alessandria.
Sara Wedlund

Sara Christina Wedlund (27 December 1975 in Vallingby, Sweden - 11 June 2021) was a Swedish long distance and cross-country runner. She scored successes in the mid 1990's as one of most successful Swedish participaters at the time. She participated at the 1995 World Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden and also participated at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. She was awarded the Victoria Scholarship in 1996.
Wedlund died on 11 June 2021, at the age of 45.
Sun Myung Moon

Sun Myung Moon (25 February 1920 - 3 September 2012) was a Korean religious leader, businessman and political activist. He believed he was the second coming of Jesus Christ. He founded the Unification Church. He was an ardent anti-communist and advocate for Korean reunification. He was recognized by the governments of North and South Korea. His business interests included New World Communications, an American news group that owned The Washington Times.
Moon was born in what is now North Korea. He moved to the United States in 1971. He became well-known after giving a series of public speeches based on his beliefs.
Critics called Moon a cult leader because he made high demands on his followers. He was criticized for his relationships with political and religious people, such as Presidents of the United States Richard Nixon, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush. His wedding ceremonies drew criticism, especially when they involved members of other churches, such as the Roman Catholic bishop Emmanuel Milingo.
Moon died on 3 September 2012 of pneumonia and its complications.
Abdul

Abdul is a well-liked name among Arabic-speaking communities, typically given to boys. Its origin comes from two Arabic words: "abd," which translates to "servant" or "slave," and "al," which means "the." As a result, Abdul signifies "servant of the" followed by one of the 99 names of Allah, as per Islamic tradition.
The Waltons

The Waltons (September 14, 1972-June 4, 1981) was an American television series. It was about a family in rural Virginia between 1933 and 1946, during the Great Depression and the Second World War. The series was distributed by Lorimar and syndicated via Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution. Six television movies followed this: three in 1982, and another three in the 1990s. The series lasted almost nine years.
Although the story takes place in Virginia, the entire series was filmed in Los Angeles in the Warner Bros. Studios. The house (outside and inside) was build in the studio, just for the series.
The mountain in the background (which has the Hollywood Sign that was hidden, and which was shown as heavily forested and green with special effects) stood in for the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia.
Efficiency

Efficiency could mean:
Power Efficiency: e = Eout / Ein 100%
e is the efficiency (expressed as a percentage),
Eout is is the energy output (in Joules), and
Ein is the energy input (also in Joules).
Energy efficiency, useful work per quantity of energy
Energy conversion efficiency, desired energy output per energy input
Energy conservation, reducing the use of energy
Electrical efficiency, useful power output per electrical power consumed
Fuel efficiency, converting energy in fuel to kinetic energy or work
Specific impulse, in propulsion systems, a measure of fuel-efficiency
Volumetric efficiency, in internal combustion engine design
Lighting efficiency, visible light from a light source per unit of power, in lumens per watt
Mechanical efficiency, the effectiveness of a simple machine, mechanical advantage over ideal mechanical advantage
Thermodynamic efficiency, useful work per change in heat
Exergy efficiency, measure of 2nd-law themodynamic loss
Thermal efficiency, useful work per the higher heating value of the fuel
Radiation efficiency, ratio of radiated power to power absorbed at the terminals of an antenna
Efficiency (aerodynamics), for fixed wing aircraft the Lift-to-drag ratio
Efficiency (economics), a general term, to capture the amount of waste or other undesirable features
Pareto efficiency, making one individual better off, without making any other individual worse off
Kaldor-Hicks efficiency, like a less stringent Pareto efficiency
Allocative efficiency, an optimal distribution of goods
The optimisation of a social welfare function
Efficiency wages, paying workers more than the market rate for increased productivity
Efficiency (statistics), a measure of desirability of an estimator
Efficiency ratio, expenses as a percentage of revenue, etc.
Aschères-le-Marché

Ascheres-le-Marche is a French commune. It is in the Loiret department.
Jet aircraft

Jet aircraft are aircraft with jet engines. Unlike propeller-powered aircraft, jet aircraft normally fly at altitudes as high as 100 to 1,5 meters, about 33 to . At these altitudes, jet engines can achieve maximum efficiency over long distances. The engines in propeller powered aircraft achieve their maximum efficiency at much lower altitudes.
1257

Events
Robert de Sorbon founds the College de Sorbonne at Paris, giving a formal college (and still-common name) to the already existing University of Paris in France.
Matthew Paris, English historian, personally interviews King Henry III of England for a week straight while compiling his major work of English history, Chronica Majora.
King Henry III of England orders the production of an twenty pence English coin of pure gold, the first high-denomination coin minted in England and the first to use gold. Unfortunately for King Henry, the bullion value of the coins was about 20% higher than the nominal face value, leading to poor circulation as coins were melted down by individuals for their gold content.
The second Genoese War breaks out between Genoa and Venice in Outremer known as the War of Saint Sabas.
The city of Krakow is rebuilt by Boleslaus V of Poland after being nearly destroyed in the Tatar invasions in 1241.
The Japanese Kogen era ends, and the Shoka era begins.
Mongols take Annam (northern Vietnam).
Aberdeen Grammar School opened.
Ayr, North Dakota

Ayr is a city in Cass County, North Dakota, United States.
Nick Sibbeston

Nick G. Sibbeston (born November 21, 1943) is a retired Canadian Senator. He represented the Northwest Territories. He was nominated to the Senate by Liberal prime minister Jean Chretien in 1999 and sat until 2017, when he resigned on his 74th birthday. He was Premier of the Northwest Territories from 1985 to 1987.
Hickory Ridge, Arkansas

Hickory Ridge is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Wiesent, Bavaria

Wiesent is a municipality in Regensburg in Bavaria in Germany.
Gu-Win, Alabama

Gu-Win is a town in the state of Alabama in the United States.
Izzy Gray

Izzy Gray (born 19 January 1974) is a New Zealand rugby union player. She played at the 2002 Women's Rugby World Cup.
Interstate 71

Interstate 71 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Louisville, Kentucky northeast to Cleveland, Ohio. The route is long.
Arsen Yegiazarian

Arsen Yegiazarian (; 18 May 1970 - 20 April 2020) was an Armenian chess player. He was born in Yerevan. He became a Grandmaster in 2000, and a FIDE senior trainer in 2010-11. He was part of winning team of 1995's European Chess Club Cup. He also competed at the Chess Olympiad in 1994 and 1996.
Yegiazarian died on 20 April 2020 at the age of 49.
UEFA stadium categories

UEFA stadium categories are categories for football stadiums laid out in the UEFA Stadium Infrastructure Regulations. Using these regulations, stadiums are rated as category one, two, three, or elite (in order going up). These categories replaced the old method of ranking stadiums as four or five star in 2006. A stadium must be categorised as elite to host the final of the UEFA Champions League or the UEFA Europa League. These are UEFA's two top club competitions.
Water music

Water music can refer to different pieces of music:
Water Music (Handel), Suites HWV 348,349, and 350 by Georg Friedrich Handel
An overture in C major, by Georg Philipp Telemann
Boris Klyuyev

Boris Vladimirovich Klyuyev (; 13 July 1944 -- 1 September 2020) was a Soviet and Russian actor and teacher. He was named a People's Artist of Russia in 2002. He was born in Moscow. Klyuyev D'Artagnan and Three Musketeers, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson and TASS Is Authorized to Declare....
Klyuyev died on 1 September 2020 in Moscow from lung cancer, aged 76.
Chavannes-de-Bogis

Chavannes-de-Bogis is a municipality in Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Klaus Iohannis

Klaus Werner Iohannis () (born 13 June 1959, Sibiu, Romania) is a Romanian politician, since December 2014 he is the President of Romania. Since 2000 he has served as mayor of Sibiu. He was re-elected in 2004, 2008 and 2012. In February of 2013 he joined the PNL. He was immediately made vice-president that party. On 28 June 2014 he was made president of PNL (after Crin Antonescu quit).
Iohannis is a Transylvanian Saxon by ethnicity. This is one of the oldest German minority group in Romania. Saxons settled in Transylvania (then part of the Kingdom of Hungary) in the 12th century. He is a physics teacher by profession.
Closed source

Closed source (or proprietary software) means computer programs whose source code is not published. The source code is not shared with the public for anyone to look at or change. Closed source is the opposite of open source.
Most companies who sell their software for money make it closed source so people cannot easily change it or copy it for free.
Even some who give their software for free do not show the source code, because they think it looks bad, or that somebody will change the authors' names to their own (a kind of plagiarism) without making the program better. Some programs called "freeware" are given away for free, but they are not the same as free software that anyone can do whatever they want with.
Leiopelmatidae

Leiopelmatidae, or New Zealand and North American primitive frogs, is a family belonging to the suborder Archaeobatrachia. There are only four Leiopelma and two Ascaphus species alive now. Leiopelma are only found in New Zealand. Ascaphus are only found in North America.
Overview
Leiopelmatidae have an extra vertebrae. They have the remains of the tail muscles.
When Leiopelmatid jump, they land in a "belly flop". After landing, Ascaphus skids to a halt before recovering.
They are very small frogs, only in length. Most species lay their eggs in moist ground, typically under rocks or plants. After hatching the tadpoles nest in the male's back. They do not need standing or flowing water. Life span may be long at more than 30 years.
Species
Family LEIOPELMATIDAE
Genus Leiopelma
Archey's Frog, Leiopelma archeyi Turbott, 1942
Hamilton's Frog, Leiopelma hamiltoni McCulloch, 1919
Hochstetter's Frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri Fitzinger, 1861
Maud Island Frog, Leiopelma pakeka Bell, Daugherty & Hay, 1998
Genus Ascaphus
Tailed Frog, Ascaphus truei
Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog, Ascaphus montanus
Extinct species
Three extinct species are known by subfossil remains, also from New Zealand. They became extinct during the past 1,000 years.
+Leiopelma auroraensis
+Leiopelma markhami
+Leiopelma waitomoensis
Much older fossils, dating back to the Jurassic, have been found in Argentina, such as Notobatrachus.
London, Midland and Scottish Railway

The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) was one of the Big Four British railway companies from 1923 to 1948. It was formed on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act of 1921, which required the grouping of over 120 separate railways into four. The companies merged into the LMS included the London and North Western Railway, the Midland Railway, the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (which had previously merged with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922), several Scottish railway companies (including the Caledonian Railway), and numerous other, smaller ventures.
For the Modern Company, see London Midland.
Anneli Jäätteenmäki

Anneli Tuulikki Jaatteenmaki (born 11 February 1955) is a Finnish politician. She was the first female Prime Minister of Finland from 17 April 2003 to 24 June 2003. From 2004 to 2019, she was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Finland. She was the chairwoman of the Centre Party of Finland from 18 June 2000 to 5 October 2003. In 2003, Jaatteenmaki was the Speaker of the Parliament of Finland.
Edmund Spenser

Edmund Spenser (; c. 1552 - 13 January 1599) was an poet from England. He was most known for his poem The Faerie Queene, which talks about different knights who fight against evil. The poem also praises Queen Elizabeth I of England. He wrote also many sonnets and poems. The sonnets were collected under the name of Amoretti.
Edmund Spenser made a new rhyme-scheme for sonnet (abab bcbc cdcd ee) and a nine-line stanza (ababbcbcc). These forms are now called Spenserian sonnet and Spenserian stanza. Spenserian stanza was later used by many poets, among others by George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats and Alfred Tennyson.
Optimum (cable brand)

Optimum is an Internet, TV, Mobile and Home phone company serving the New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania Tri-State area, and North Carolina.
Overview
Altice One is the company's flagship home entertainment platform. The device combines TV, streaming apps and more into one space-saving design.
Television
Optimum TV offers cable television service in three tiers
Core: 220+ Channels
Select: 340+ Channels (includes Starz Encore)
Premier: 420+ Channels (includes HBO, Showtime, and Starz)
Internet
Optimum offers internet speeds up to 940 megabits per second. Currently there are four speed tiers available:
"1 Gig", Optimum's flagship speed tier. This speed tier offers 940Mbit/s download speed and is marketed as a "fiber" connection. Fiber connections may also have a 940Mbit/s upload speed. However, fiber is not guaranteed in all locations. Optimum may instead use a coaxial connection for this speed tier, causing service to be 940Mbit/s download and up to only 50Mbit/s upload.
400 Mbit/s
300 Mbit/s
200 Mbit/s
The company also offers a low-cost broadband option, Altice Advantage Internet, for certain eligible customers.
Voice
Optimum offers landline VOIP telephone service branded as Optimum Voice; the service uses a telephone cable modem to provide the service, either alone or combined into a household's main cable modem box.
Business
Optimum provides small and mid-sized businesses with internet, phone, TV, mobile, Smart WiFi and ad services.
Narrowcasting
With the introduction of more than Optimum's original 30 channels, narrowcasting was added to the service's offerings, since it was now economical to provide "programs of much significance to small audiences."
Conflicts
A New Jersey company that named itself "Optimum Networks Inc." was sued by then-owner Cablevision Systems Corporation (CSC) for violation of the OPTIMUM trademark in 2010.
Glyndon, Minnesota

Glyndon is a city in Clay County, Minnesota, United States.
Rawlins, Wyoming

Rawlins is a city in Carbon County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 9,259 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Carbon County.
Substantia nigra

The substantia nigra is a part of the brain. This is the part of the midbrain that produces dopamine involved in movement. It is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.
Degen, Switzerland

Degen was a municipality, in the new municipality of Lumnezia and the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
BT Group

British Telecommunications Group plc which trades as BT, (sometimes known as British Telecom and still occasionally referred to by that name) is the privatised UK state telecommunications operator.
BT Group is the largest communications service provider in the United Kingdom.
Sehnsa

Sehnsa () is a large town in Azad Kashmir. It is a sub-district of the Kotli District.
Keith O'Brien

Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien (17 March 1938 - 19 March 2018) was a Scottish Catholic cardinal. He was the Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh from 1985 to 2013.
O'Brien was opposed to homosexuality and same-sex marriage, which he described as "moral degradation".
O'Brien's resignation followed publication of allegations he had engaged in inappropriate and predatory sexual conduct with junior priests and student priests, also that he abused power. He stepped down as a result.
On 20 March 2015, the Vatican announced that though he remained a member of the College of Cardinals O'Brien would not exercise his rights or duties as a cardinal, in particular voting in papal conclaves.
O'Brien died from complications of a fall on 19 March 2018 at a hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne at the age of 80.
Driftwood

Driftwood is wood that has been washed onto the shore of a sea, river, or lake by winds, tides, waves or man.
In some waterfront areas, driftwood is a major nuisance. However, the driftwood provides shelter and food for birds, fish and other aquatic species as it floats in the ocean. Gribbles, shipworms and bacteria decompose the wood and gradually turn it into nutrients that are reintroduced to the food web. Sometimes, the partially decomposed wood washes ashore, where it also shelters birds, plants, and other species. Driftwood can become the foundation for sand dunes.
Driftwood can be:
a tree or part of a tree that is in a large body of water because of strong winds or flooding
buildings and their contents that are in the sea because of floods, storms and tsunamis
wooden objects placed into the water from shore
remains of wooden ships and boats
lost cargo
In history
According to Norse mythology, the first humans, Ask and Embla, were formed out of two pieces of driftwood, an ash and an elm, by the god Odin and his brothers, Ve and Vili.
Driftwood carried by Arctic rivers was the main, or sometimes only, source of wood for some Inuit and other Arctic populations living north of the tree-line until they came into regular contact with European traders.
Many people use driftwood as parts of decorative furniture or other art forms, and it is a popular element in the scenery of fish tanks.
Joe Ricketts

John Joseph Ricketts (born July 16, 1941) is an American businessman and philanthropist. He is the founder, former CEO and former chairman of TD Ameritrade. He had a net worth of US$2.7 billion as of 2019 according to Forbes. Ricketts also engages in philanthropy through The Ricketts Art Foundation, Opportunity Education Foundation, The Cloisters on the Platte Foundation, and The Ricketts Conservation Foundation.
Ed O'Neill

Edward Phillip "Ed" O'Neill, Jr. (born April 12, 1946) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles as Al Bundy in Married... with Children and as Jay Pritchett in Modern Family. He has won two Screen Actors Guild Awards for his role as Pritchett.
O'Neill was born on April 12, 1946 in Youngstown, Ohio. He studied at Youngstown State University. O'Neill has been married to Catherine Rusoff since 1986. They have two children.
Stone County

Stone County is the name of three counties in the United States:
Stone County, Arkansas
Stone County, Mississippi
Stone County, Missouri
El Centro, California

El Centro is a city in and county seat of Imperial County, California, United States. In 2020, the population was 44,322.
Gender performativity

Gender performativity is a term first used by the feminist philosopher Judith Butler in their 1990 book Gender Trouble. They argue that being born male or female does not determine behavior. Instead, people learn to behave in particular ways to fit into society. The idea of gender is an act, or performance. This act is the way a person walks, talks, dresses, and behaves. They call this acting "gender performativity." What society regards as a person's gender is just a performance made to please social expectations and not a true expression of the person's gender identity.
Pedro Bigas

Pedro Bigas Rigo (born 15 September 1990 in Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands) is a Spanish footballer. He plays for RCD Mallorca as a left midfielder or defender.
He start playing football at la Salle Palma, after that he played in Montuiri, and then in the Mallorca B. He left Mallorca B to join the Athletico de Baleares. While he was playing for Athletico de Baleares he was offered a position in RCD Mallorca.
Gender euphoria

Gender euphoria (GE) is a proposed term for the opposite of gender dysphoria. It is the satisfaction, enjoyment, or relief felt by trans people when they feel their body matches their personal gender identity. Transgender congruence is also used for transgender individuals feeling genuine, authentic, and comfortable with their gender identity and appearance.
Fraud

Fraud (or defrauding or scamming) is a crime in which someone tricks somebody else to get unfair or unlawful gain. Frauds are almost always about money, either directly or indirectly.
A fraudster or a fraud is the person who commits the fraud. Fraudulence is the adjective, as in He tried to pass a fraudulent cheque. To defraud someone is to commit a fraud against them.
Fraudsters may find people to defraud by phone calls, emails, or websites. Fraud often starts by saying there is a free or low price item. The fraudster then asks for personal information, such as a home address and bank account numbers. Instead of giving an item, the fraudster takes their money. Fraudsters often target senior citizens.
Fraud is a criminal wrong: a fraudster may be prosecuted and imprisoned. It is also a civil wrong: a fraud victim may sue the fraudster to get compensation.
All societies have laws against fraud, but the details differ in each jurisdiction. In England an Act of Parliament defines three kinds of fraud.
fraud by false representation,
fraud by failing to disclose information, and
fraud by abuse of position.
Lesser cases are heard in a Magistrates' Court; more serious offences are tried in the High Court (jury proceedings).
Flask

A flask is a type of container made of glass. They are a common piece of apparatus used in laboratories. Their size are chosen by the volume they can hold, and is measured in metric units, like litres (L) or millilitres (mL). Their shape depends on what they are used for, but they usually consist of a wider body, which contains the materials, and a more narrow neck with an opening at the top. The opening is the way to insert materials into the body. Some flasks have more than one neck and opening at the top.
Flasks are used to contain substances. They are usually made of glass or borosilicate glass (Pyrex). This is to ensure that the substances inside the flask do not react with the flask itself, due to the volatile nature of many chemicals (such as hydrochloric acid), They can be used to heat a substance. There are many different types of laboratory flasks. They differ in their shape and what they are used for. The most common types of flask are:
Erlenmeyer flask
Florence flask
Volumetric flask
Buchner flask
Fernbach flask
Flasks can be used to make and hold solutions, to measure chemicals, and to contain chemical reactions like boiling, precipitation and analysis.
Ahmed Al-Qadri

Ahmed Al-Qadri (1956 - 3 September 2020) was a Syrian agricultural engineer and politician. He was born in Al-Hasakah, Syria. He was a member of Bashar al-Assad's cabinet. He was Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform between February 2013 to August 2020.
Al-Qadri died of COVID-19 on 3 September 2020 at a hospital in Damascus at the age of 64.
Mohammad Baqer Shirazi

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mohammad Baqir Shirazi (; 26 November 1931 - 13 May 2014) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja.
Shirazi died in Iran from a long illness, aged 82.