kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
HAT-p-40

HAT-p-40 b is a gas giant exoplanet which orbits an F-type star. The F-type star is right after an G-type star.
Profile
The mass of HAT-p-40 b is 0.48 Jupiters. It takes 4.5 days to complete one orbit around it's F-type star. HAT-p-40 b was discovered in 2012. HAT-p-40 b is about 1411.9 lightyears away from our Solar System.
F-type star
An F-type star is one of the many type of stars, ranging lowest at an M-type star than an K-type star and after that an G-type start which is our sun type. The type of star determines it's characteristics. There is also an F-type main-sequence star which is a is a main-sequence, hydrogen-fusing star of spectral type F and luminosity class V2.
Nithing pole

A Nithing pole, according to ancient Scandinavian and Germanic pagan beliefs, was a kind of pole used for cursing enemies.
The way of cursing was supposed to be, to cut a horse's head from its body, and put it on top of the pole. Cursing words were carved into the wood, too. This was done to stop the soul of a cowardly person, or "Nithing". Also, the terrible shame of the coward was called "Nith".
He Ying

He Ying is an archer from China. She was born on 17 April 1977 in Siping. Ying competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, 2000 Summer Olympics, and the 2004 Summer Olympics and won two medals.
Jovita Idár

Jovita Idar Vivero (September 7, 1885 - June 15, 1946) was a Mexican American teacher, writer, and activist. She fought for the right to education, the right for women to vote, and for the rights of Mexican-Americans.
She became a teacher in 1903 but quit to write for La Cronica (a newspaper owned by her father). In October, 1911 she founded La Liga Feminil Mexicaista (the League of Mexican Women). The League of Mexican Women allowed Mexican-American students get access to education. In 1914, she wrote an editorial in El Progreso (The Progress) newspaper which criticized the US army interfering in the Mexican Revolution. She also wrote an editorial supporting women's suffrage. The Texas Rangers tried to shut the newspaper down, but when they came to El Progreso's office, Jovita Idar stood in the doorway so they had to turn back. The officers shut it down the next day when she was not there. However, she continued to use La Cronica to voice her opinions. Eventually, she and her brothers took it over. For the rest of her life, she used the freedom of the press to keep arguing for civil rights.
Oirschot

Oirschot is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 18,623 people lived there.
Zangskari language

Zangskari is a Tibetic language spoken in Ladakh and Baltistan of the Kashmir region. It is spoken by Buddhist monks and is almost extinct.
I've Got a Picture of Us on My Mind

"I've Got a Picture of Us on My Mind" is a 1979 song by country singer Loretta Lynn. It was released as a single via MCA Records and was later included on her studio album Loretta. It went to number 5 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles charts and number 2 on Canadian Country Songs charts.
Track listings
7" vinyl single
"I've Got a Picture of Us on My Mind" - 2:45
"I Don't Feel Like a Movie Tonight" - 2:56
Sainte-Vertu

Sainte-Vertu is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Spaceflight IC-1

Spaceflight IC-1: An Adventure in Space is a 1965 British science fiction movie directed by Bernard Knowles and starring Bill Williams, Norma West, John Cairney, Donald Churchill, Kathleen Breck, Linda Marlowe, Margo McLennan, Mark Lester. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Bill Young

Charles William "Bill" Young (December 16, 1930 - October 18, 2013) was the U.S. Representative for , serving in Congress since 1971.
Early life
Young was born in Harmarville, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh, on December 16, 1930. Young dropped out of St. Petersburg High School to support his ill mother and was wounded in a hunting accident.
Career
He was a member of the Republican Party, and was at the time of his death the longest-serving Republican member of Congress. He served as chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations from 1999 to 2005 and sat on the Committee until his death.
Young served as a member of the Florida Constitution Revision Commission from 1965 to 1967. He was also a Florida delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1968, 1972, 1976, and 1984.
Personal life
In 1985, Young divorced his first wife, with whom he had three children, and married his current wife, Beverly. They have had two children together, Billy, and Patrick, and the couple raised Beverly's son, Robbie, from her first marriage.
Health
On October 17, 2013, Young's family told the Tampa Bay Times that Young was continuing medical treatment at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center but his "condition turned for the worse overnight and he is gravely ill. Earlier that day, several news sources erroneously reported that Young had died.
Death
On October 18, 2013, Young died at Walter Reed in Bethesda, Maryland from multiple myeloma. He had been hospitalized for almost two weeks with back problems that resulted from injuries he sustained in a small plane crash in 1970. He was 82 and is survived by his wife and five children.
Sand Rock, Alabama

Sand Rock is a town of Cherokee and DeKalb counties in the state of Alabama, in the United States.
Thousand Foot Krutch

Thousand Foot Krutch is a Canadian Christian hard rock band that was formed in 1997.
They have released a number of albums (including 2 remix albums) the latest being Exhale, sequel to Oxygen: Inhale.
While TFK had rap influences, obvious with Trevor's vocals in earlier TFK albums, "The Flame In All Of Us" and "Welcome To the Masquerade" have moved away from that, and used a more rock-based sound. But "The End Is Where We Begin" returns to the band's Rap roots.
While "The Last Song" from "The Flame In All Of Us", has been thought by some to be an outro from the band, TFK still continues touring, and Trevor has said that they were very tired, and it's only a sarcastic "Here it all is: love it or hate it".
Touring
The band is known for a lot of touring. They usually do 200 concerts in a year.
Spring 2008 (march to may) is when TFK went on the comatose Tour (see Concert) and performed in over 30 cities. They have toured with bands such as Skillet.
About the band
The name Thousand Foot Krutch came from the belief that God is a crutch you can lean on, even if your problems pile a thousand feet high. What they mean is, you can ask God for help even if you have very serious or many problems in your life.
They have gone through certain line-up changes. For example, Steve Augustine has not always been a part of the band, and Christian Harvey was their original drummer.
Nitrobacter

The genus Nitrobacter consists of gram-negative (gram staining negative) bacteria with pear-shaped or different-sized rod shapes. Their size is around 0.5-0.9um in width and 1.0-2.0 um in length. The optimal growth temperature is between 28 and 30 degC, and the optimal pH is 7.5 ~8.0.
Nitrobacter bacteria reproduce by separating a body into two new parts (binary fission) or by budding (when new individuals develop from parent organisms). Nitrobacter grow at a quite slow rate.
Nitrobacter spp. generally occur in soil and water and are organisms that derive energy from chemical reactions (chemoautotrophic). They possess compartments inside their cells, which contain a specific type of protein (enzyme nitrite oxidoreductase.
Nitrobacter bacteria are responsible for the conversion (oxidation) of nitrite (NO2-) to nitrate (NO3-). The chemical reaction is shown below. This reaction is called nitrification and it is coupled with low rates of carbon fixation via the Calvin cycle.
NO2- + H2O -> NO3- + 2H+ + 2e-
Nitrification benefits plant growth and is important to the ocean, as it takes about half of the nitrate consumed by phytoplankton (microscopic marine algae) growth. However, it also may lead to eutrophication (enriching the water with nutrients, generally nitrogen/phosphorus) and drinking water pollution.
In the presence of oxygen, Nitrobacter bacteria use nitrite as the energy source and utilize carbon dioxide as the main source of carbon. Nitrobacter bacteria can also carry out anaerobic respiration (without oxygen) by reducing nitrate to nitrite, nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O).
History
Russian microbiologist Sergei Winogradsky first found nitrification and isolate first nitrifiers. He also found these nitrifiers were chemoautotrophic.
Markt Einersheim

Markt Einersheim is a market town and municipality in Kitzingen in Bavaria, Germany.
Melsheim

Melsheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Richard Timberlake

Richard H. Timberlake, Jr. (June 24, 1922 - May 22, 2020) was an American economist. He was Professor of Economics at the University of Georgia. He was a known supporter of free banking. He believed that money should be issued by private companies, not by the government.
He wrote about the Legal Tender Cases of the U.S. Supreme Court in his book Constitutional Money: A Review of the Supreme Court's Monetary Decisions. He was born in Steubenville, Ohio.
Timberlake died on May 22, 2020 in Athens, Georgia at the age of 97.
Yukiko Shimazaki

is a Japanese actress and singer. She appeared in more than twenty movies from 1950 to 1964. She was married to director Tatsumi Kumashiro from 1955 to 1967. Her best known roles were in Repast (1951) and in Seven Samurai (1954).
Zombieland

Zombieland is a 2009 American adventure comedy horror movie that was produced by Gavin Polone and was the directorial debut for director Ruben Fleischer.
The writers are currently planning a sequel to Zombieland. The sequel will star the original cast and will be shot in 3-D.
Plot
A cowardly shut-in named Columbus (Jesse Eisenberg) is forced to join up with a seasoned zombie slayer named Tallahassee (Woody Harrelson) in order to survive the zombie apocalypse. As Tallahassee sets out on a mission to find the last Twinkie on Earth, the duo meets up with Wichita (Emma Stone) and Little Rock (Abigail Breslin), two young girls who have resorted to some rather unorthodox methods to survive amidst the chaos. Reluctant partners in the battle against the undead, all four soon begin to wonder if it might be better to simply take their chances alone.
Cast
Woody Harrelson as Tallahassee
Jesse Eisenberg as Columbus
Emma Stone as Wichita
Abigail Breslin as Little Rock
Amber Heard as 406, Columbus's attractive dorm neighbor
Mike White as Gas Station Owner
Bill Murray as Himself (Cameo)
Character Names
The character names for Tallahassee, Columbus, Wichita and Little Rock come from the places they are traveling in the movie.
Ratings
Zombieland received mostly positive reviews of reviewers:
Rotten Tomatoes - 7.3/10 (184 reviews)
Top Critics - 86% approval (29 reviews)
Metacritic - 73% approval
Roger Ebert - 3 out of 4 stars
Zombieland debuted at #1 at the box office in North America, with ticket sales of $24,733,155 on the opening weekend and is the top-grossing zombie movie in history.
Julie Gonzalo

Julieta Susana "Julie" Gonzalo (; born September 9, 1981) is an Argentine-American actress and producer. She was born in Buenos Aires. She starred as Pamela Rebecca Barnes in the TNT drama series Dallas (2012-14).
Gonzalo is also known for her roles in movies, including Freaky Friday, A Cinderella Story, and Christmas with the Kranks, and on television series Veronica Mars and Eli Stone.
Electoral district of Holsworthy

Holsworthy is an electoral district of New South Wales. It was created in 2015.
It is normally a conservative electorate, having always been held by the Liberal Party. However, the Labor Party almost won the seat in 2023.
Holsworthy is in Southern and Greater Western Sydney.
Prague 17

Prague 17 () is a municipal district in Prague. It is located in the western part of the city.
A German Requiem

A German Requiem is a musical work for soprano and baritone soloists, choir and orchestra. It was written by Johannes Brahms. It was first performed in Leipzig, Germany in February 1869.
Irish State Coach

The Irish State Coach is a carriage used by the British monarch to ride from Buckingham Palace to the Palace of Westminster to open Parliament. It was built in 1851 by the Lord Mayor of Dublin. It is enclosed. It was damaged by fire in 1911. It was restored in 1989 by the Royal Mews carriage restorers. The outside is blue and black with golden-colored decoration. The inside is covered in blue damask (a cloth). It is driven from the box seat using four horses. It is kept in the Royal Mews. It can be seen by the public.
Lauderdale County, Mississippi

Lauderdale County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 80,261 people lived there. Its county seat is Meridian. The county was founded in 1833. It is named for Colonel James Lauderdale, who was killed at the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812.
Christmas Raid

The Christmas Raid or Magazine fort raid happened on the 23 December 1939. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) stole a lot of weapons and ammunitions (bullets) from the Irish Army. Although the theft from the Magazine Fort building in Phoenix Park was successful, most of what was stolen was recovered by the Irish Army a few days later. Several IRA volunteers were arrested.
Reasons for raid
The reason for the raid was that the IRA had many Thompson submachine guns. They found it hard to get the .45 ACP bullets used in these guns in Europe. Because the Irish Army also used the Thompson and had large supplies of bullets, the IRA decided to steal some.
The raid
Around 2030 the gate bell rang, and the Military Police officer on guard opened the gate a little for a civilian who said he had a parcel to deliver to the officer-in-charge. The unidentified man told the MP to open the gate fully and put his hands up. At this point the IRA team appeared from both inside and outside the fort, confiscating the weapons of the sentry and MP.
The two hostages were then forced to act as human shields for the two intruders to the guardroom where the remaining soldiers were caught by surprise and gave up without a fight. The captives heard 'many' heavy lorries coming and going from the depot. At 2210 hrs the IRA locked the prisoners in the so-called 'C' Magazine area which the raiders had completely emptied.
It was 2250 by the time a party of soldiers was sent from Portobello Barracks to find out what was happening at the fort. They managed to catch two of the raiders.
A total of 1,084,000 rounds of ammunition had been taken and removed in thirteen lorries with no casualties.
Over the next three to four days a large, nationwide hunt was organised to find the stolen items.
On 1 January 1940 it was reported that almost three-quarters of the ammunition had been found, a total of 850,000 rounds;
two and a half tons were found in Dundalk, County Louth,
eight tons in Swords, County Dublin,
sixty-six cases of Thompsons and ammunition in South Armagh (2 and a half tons captured by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC)),
one hundred crates containing 120,000 rounds in Straffan, County Kildare.
In addition, some IRA volunteers who were caught storing the ammunition were arrested.
What happened after the raid
The raid was not good for the IRA. The massive hunt to find what was stolen turned up all and more. It caused IRA Volunteers to be arrested.
The day after the raid the Irish Minister for Justice, Gerald Boland, at an emergency meeting of the Dail (government) introduced the Emergency Powers bill to allow internment (taking prisoner), Military Tribunal, and executions for IRA members. It became the Emergency Powers Act.
Kyuss

Kyuss is an American rock band from Palm Desert, California. They started in 1987 as Katzenjammer, became Sons of Kyuss in 1989 and then changed their name to Kyuss in 1991. The band now performs as Vista Chino.
Kyuss was considered guitarist Josh Homme's band before their 1995 breakup.
Career
The band was formed in 1987 and its first name was "Katzenjammer" (A German slang word for "hangover") but changed this to Sons of Kyuss in 1989 and recorded an EP. This EP is the only release by the band that features bass player Chris Cockrell.
After Chris Cockrell left, Nick Oliveri (who played guitar in the band when they were called "Katzenjammer") replaced him and the band shortened their name to "Kyuss".
After performing shows in the Palm Desert area and gaining fans, the band signed to Dali records and released their first album "Wretch" in 1991. The band were unhappy with the album, as it didn't sound the way they wanted it to, because it wasn't produced properly and not enough money was spent on making it.
In 1992, the band hired a new producer who would be more capable to making their next album sound how the band wanted it to. This next album was called Blues For The Red Sun. It was more successful than Wretch and is considered their best album. However, bassist Nick Oliveri left after the band finished recording the album, and Scott Reeder became his replacement.
When Dali Records had problems with money, the band signed to Elektra (a bigger label) and recorded another album. The album is supposed to be called "Kyuss" but fans call it "Welcome To Sky Valley" because of the sign on the front cover. Like Blues For The Red Sun, the album was successful, although it took over a year for the album to be brought out due to the band changing record labels. Drummer Brant Bjork left shortly after it was recorded as well, and was replaced with Alfredo Hernandez.
In 1995, the band released the last album of their initial run, called ...And The Circus Leaves Town. The album wasn't quite as successful as the previous two and fans and critics had mixed opinions of it. After the band broke up later that year, people started to respect the album more.
For several years after the breakup, people wondered if the band would ever reform. Guitar player Josh Homme (who had formed a band called Queens Of The Stone Age since the breakup) was unhappy with the idea of it, believing it would be wrong after a "great history" they had between 1987-1995. However, bass player Scott Reeder believed the other members of the band would be happy to reunite.
Eventually, in 2010, A Kyuss reunion had begun. However, Josh Homme still didn't agree with a reunion, so guitar player Bruno Fevery replaced him, playing with singer John Garcia, bass player Nick Oliveri, and drummer Brank Bjork as "Kyuss Lives!". John Garcia decided to go with this name as he believes there is not a "Kyuss" without Josh Homme.
Because of a lawsuit filed by Homme, Kyuss Lives! changed their name to Vista Chino. Nick Oliveri has since left again to be replaced by Billy Cordell. Vista Chino released their debut album Peace in September 2013.
René Desayere

Rene Desayere (born 14 September 1947) is a former Belgian football player.
Greta, Victoria

Greta is a small town in Victoria, Australia. It is east of the city of Benalla. The local government that looks after Greta is the Rural City of Wangaratta. At the 2006 census, there were 231 people living in and around Greta.
History
The area had four villages, all of which were called Greta at some time. The first township known as Greta, on Fifteen Mile Creek, is now called Greta West. The name is thought to come from Greta River in Cumberland, England.
After gold was found near Beechworth in 1852, roads to the gold diggings passed through the Greta area. At that time, there was a large swamp, which was later drained. The town site was laid out at Fifteen Mile Creek in 1852. During the 1860s the land was sold into small farm lots, used for cereals, cattle grazing, and dairying. At this time the township started with the Post Office opened on September 4, 1863. It closed in 1971, though post offices at Greta West and Greta South remained open until 1994.
In 1867 a Catholic school was started. By the 1880s there were 5 schools in the Greta area; Greta, Greta South, Greta West, Hansonville, and Fifteen Mile Creek. Today, only 2 of the 5 schools remain; Greta Valley and Fifteen Mile School Camp.
The nearby city of Benalla was joined to the railway in 1873. This meant that less people passed through Greta. It became mainly a farming area.
A Methodist church was started in 1878 and an Anglican church in 1890. A public hall was built in 1916.
The Kelly family
Bushranger Ned Kelly's family lived on a small farm near Greta. It was in the small cottage at Greta that Constable Fitzpatrick tried to sexually assault Ned's sister, Kate Kelly. In the fight that followed, Fitzpatrick was injured. His mother, Ellen Kelly was put in gaol for 4 years for trying to murder Fitzpatrick. The police tried to arrest Ned and his brother Dan Kelly, but they had escaped into the bush. This was the start of the Kelly Gang.
After the siege at Glenrowan, Dan Kelly and Steve Hart, were buried in the Greta Cemetery. Ellen Kelly died at Greta in 1923, and is buried in the Greta Cemetery. Ned's younger brother, Jim Kelly, lived in the cottage at Greta until 1948. He is buried in the Greta Cemetery.
The Town today
The town has a football team playing in the Ovens & King Football League.
Zürich Wilderness Park

Zurich Wilderness Park (Wildnispark Zurich in German) is a nature park located near the city of Zurich in Switzerland. It consists of two main areas: the Sihlwald forest and the Langenberg Wildlife Park. The Sihlwald forest is the biggest mixed forest in the Swiss Mittelland and the Langenberg Wildlife Park is the oldest wildlife park in Switzerland. These sites are located in the Sihl Valley, to the south of Zurich.
History
Hapsburgers gifted the Sihlwald forest to the city of Zurich in 1309 and again in 1524. It provided timber and firewood to the city for many years. Since the 1990s, the forest has been preserved by forest director Andreas Speich, who stopped cutting down trees to protect its unique composition.
The Langenberg Wildlife Park was founded in 1869 by city forester Carl Anton Ludwig von Orelli.
On August 28, 2009, the Sihlwald forest was named a "regional nature park of national importance" by the FOEN (Federal Office for the Environment).
Zurich Wilderness Park was officially formed, bringing together the Langenberg Wildlife Park and the Sihlwald forest.
Today, the park welcomes more than half a million visitors every year. Visitors can barbecue, hike, cycle, ride horseback through the park.
Trams in Biel

There was a tram system in Biel, Switzerland, from 1877 to 1948. As the idea of having trams was not popular, there was only one route from Bozingen to Nidau.
The tram was originally a horse carriage on rails. There were only a few carriages from other tram systems. Although it was very small there were summer and winter carriages.
After Biel City bought the system in 1901, it became electrical with more carriages and a bigger route. The tram was not very popular and the owner did not earn much money. This was the reason why only very few routes were built.
All the four routes started at the train station in Biel, today known as 'Zentralplatz'. The tram to Meinisberg went through Mett but because there was a big distance between Biel and Meinisberg, there were only a few stations.
Biel City started to reduced the system in 1930. First, route 1 and 2 became route 1. Then, in 1940, routes 2 and 3 were replaced by buses and finally, route 1 became a bus route, too.
Today
Biel has a well-organized bus system since 1948. It grew more and more and is quite large, with over 15 different routes today. Some of them use the old tram routes but more were added, especially in the last 20 years. There are also different bus types today. Some are electrical, others run on fuel.
Raw Footage

Raw Footage is the eighth studio album by American rapper, Ice Cube. Raw Footage was released on 19 August 2008 through Lench Mob Records. The album featured the singles "Gangsta Rap Made Me Do It" and "Do Ya Thang".
The album debuted at #1 on both the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and the Top Rap Albums Charts. It also debuted at #5 on the Billboard 200.
Lerm-et-Musset

Lerm-et-Musset is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Fairmont Pacific Rim

The Fairmont Pacific Rim is a hotel and condominium building in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The high-end skyscraper is of 48 stories. It was opened on February 4, 2010. It is also part of the Fairmont Hotels and Resorts.
Location
The building is located at 1038 Canada Place in Downtown Vancouver in the Coal Harbour neighbourhood. It is right beside the Shaw Tower. It was opened just over a week before the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. The first 22 floors make up a hotel, with the rest of the floors being condominiums.
On July 13, 2013, Glee star Cory Monteith, aged 31, was found dead in his room on the 21st floor.
The hotel occupies the first 22 floors of the 44 storey building.
History
This is the fourth Fairmont Hotel in the Vancouver Metropolitan Area.
In 2007, the condominiums were pre-sold at a price of $2,100 per square foot one of the highest in Canada at the time.
Abas (name)

Abas can be used as both a first name and a last name.
Curtin Springs

Curtin Springs is a large working cattle station in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is on the Lasseter Highway, east of Yulara. The property is in size. Mount Conner is inside the southern border of the property. Curtin Springs was built in 1943 and is owned and operated by the Severin family. It also includes a roadhouse, an inn and a campground.
In September and October 2012, bushfires destroyed over of bush, nearly a quarter of its pasture land.
Gliese 667 Cc

Gliese 667 Cc is an extrasolar planet 22.18 light years away. It orbits around the red dwarf star Gliese 667 C, one of the Gliese 667 triple star system. The system is in the constellation of Scorpius. It is the most Earth-like planet in 50 light years. It's ESI (Earth Similarity Index) is 0.85. It is present in the hot inner edge of the habitable zone than the Earth. It absorbs 90% of light from it's star, as the Earth does but it is tidally locked.
Gliese 667 Cc was first found by the European Southern Observatory on 21 November 2011. They used the wobble method (also known as radial velocity). They watched how the star "wobbled" as Gliese 667 Cc circled around its star. On 2 February 2012 researchers at the University of Gottingen and the Carnegie Institution for Science confirmed the planet's existence.
Physical characteristics
Gliese 667 Cc circles its star every 28 days, and is 0.125 AU away from its star. It fits within the habitable zone. Its mass is 3.8 times that of the Earth. Its size is probably about 50% larger than Earth.
Tidal locking
Because of Gliese 667 Cc's distance from its star, it is predicted to be tidally locked to its star. Just as Earth's Moon always shows the same face to the Earth, the length of Gliese 667 Cc's day would then match the length of its year. This means it would be permanently light on one half and permanently dark on the other half of its surface. Tidal locking also means the planet would have no axial tilt and that means the planet would not experience any seasons.
Eek, Alaska

Eek is a town in Alaska. It is about 400 miles west of Anchorage.
The name comes from an Eskimo word that means "two eyes".
1237

1237 was a common year.
Events
Thomas II of Savoy becomes count of Flanders.
Elblag, Poland is founded.
Representatives of all 4 khanates lead 150000 Mongol, Turkish and Persian troops into Europe.
The Mongols invade Russia.
Gualdo Tadino, Italy, is destroyed by fire.
The County of Artois is founded in France.
Baldwin II becomes Latin Emperor of Constantinople.
Conrad IV of Germany becomes King of Germany.
The Livonian Brothers of the Sword unite with the Teutonic Knights.
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Lombard League at Battle of Cortenuova
A major fire destroys some 30,000 dwellings in the Chinese capital city of Hangzhou.
Hempstead

Hempstead is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 422 people living in Hempstead. It is 7 miles east of Saffron Walden.
Chaumontel

Chaumontel is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
Illies, Nord

Illies () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 1,635 people lived there.
Rhacophorus baluensis

The Balu flying frog or Kinabalu tree frog (Rhacophorus bipunctatus) is a frog. It lives in Malaysia and Indonesia in Borneo. People have seen it between 1200 and 2200 meters above sea level.
Women in the history of Manipur kingdom

Manipuri women have been known for their valor, skill and active involvement in social, economic, political and cultural activities, besides holding almost all the household responsibilities as a mother, wife, daughter, sister and daughter in law.
Thomas Callan Hodson, the then British Political Agent of 1908 Manipur, quoted in his monograph, The Meitheis, as follows:
"The women hold a high and free position in Manipur, all the integral trade and exchange of the produce of the country being managed by them. The habit of the country is to have bazars (markets) at convenient spots by the road side, where a handful of women congregate at the early hour...!"
List
Leima Linthoingambi
Leima Linthoingambi was the queen of king Ningthoukhomba (1432-1567) of Manipur. During the invasion of the Ankla tribes, the king had to proceed at the war field. At the King's absence in the capital city, the Tangkhul tribes raided the city. But in disguise as the king, the queen resisted their revolution by offering strong wine at the king's absence. With her wits, the kingdom was saved. This account is recorded in the Ningthourol Lambuba.
Kuranganayani
Kuranganayani, originally known as Shija Phongalokpi, is the biological daughter of King Gaurishyam and the adoptive daughter of King Bhagyachandra. She was offered hand in marriage to the Ahom king to strengthen the relationship between the two kingdoms as well as to get military aid from the Ahoms for the Meiteis to resist the Burmese conquest of Manipur. But she turned out to be a heroine even in the Ahom kingdom. It was she who saved the Ahom kingdom from the hands of the Moamoriya revolts.
Yairipok Thambalnu
Thambalnu was a lady from a poor family in Yairipok town of Manipur. But her beauty and charm causes conflicts among many able men in the kingdom in her times. During flood times from the Imphal river in the kingdom, the Royal Oracle proclaimed that the water god Wangbren will be pleased if a young girl is offered to Him. Since Thambalnu became a problem for numerous men, she was chosen to be offered to the deity. So, she was forcibly (or voluntarily) put in sacrifice to the strong river flow. After her death, the flood was also gone.
Maharani Kumudini
Queen Kumudini was widowed when her son was at a ripe age. She devised many diplomatic relations and plots to protect the throne from the other family members of the royalty. When her son, Chandrakirti became the king, she was known as a popular feminine icon in the kingdom.
Lascelles Abercrombie

Lascelles Abercrombie (January 9, 1881 - October 27, 1938) was a British poet and critic of Literature, and he was a member of a group of famous poets called "Dymock poets". He was born in Ashton upon Mersey and studied at the University of Manchester.
Before the First World War, he lived for a time at Dymock in Gloucestershire. In 1922, they gave him the job of Professor of English at the University of Leeds. In 1929 he moved on to the University of London, and in 1935 to the University of Oxford. He wrote many poems, that were put together in a book called 'Poems' (1930). In the same year he wrote his most important poem, The Sale of Saint Thomas in six Acts. He was the brother of the architect Patrick Abercrombie, and his son was the scientist Michael Abercrombie.
Marcelcave

Marcelcave is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Tina Knowles

Celestine Ann Beyince (born January 4, 1954), known as Tina Knowles-Lawson, is an American businesswoman and fashion designer. She is known for her House of Dereon and Miss Tina by Tina Knowles fashion brands. She is the mother of singers Beyonce and Solange Knowles. Until 2011, she was married to Mathew Knowles, the manager of Destiny's Child as well as Beyonce.
Phillip Bennett

General Sir Phillip Harvey Bennett (27 December 1928 - 1 August 2023) was an Australian politician. He is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army. He served as Chief of the Australian Defence Force from 1984 to 1987, and later as Governor of Tasmania from 1987 to 1995.
Aileen Wuornos

Aileen Carol Wuornos Pralle (born Aileen Carol Pittman; February 29, 1956 - October 9, 2002) was an American serial killer. She was born in Rochester, Michigan. She confessed to killing six men in Florida and was executed in Florida State Prison by lethal injection for the murders. Wuornos said that the men she killed had raped her or tried to rape her while she was working as a prostitute.
Wuornos was diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder.
The movie, Monster is about her life. Two documentaries were made about her.
Early life
Wuornos was born Aileen Carol Pittman in Rochester, Michigan. She never met her father. Wuornos was adopted by her grandparents. When she was 13 she became pregnant. She started working as a prostitute when she was 14.
Chełm

Chelm (; ) is a city in Lublin Voivodeship in Poland. It is about from the border with Ukraine. In 2015, 63,949 people lived there.
Pradal serey

Pradal Serey or Khmer kickboxing is a martial arts of the Khmer people in Cambodia. It is used by people as self-defense and as a sport. In pradal serey, people use punches, kicks, elbow attacks and knee attacks. Clinching is also used when people battle for dominant position so they can have the perfect opportunity to land an attack. Pushing and grabbing the opponent's upper body is common in clinching. There is a lot of strategy in clinching. It is also common to grab an opponent's leg to defend against a kick.
Match
Pradal serey has matches in a boxing ring. There are 5 rounds of 3 minutes each. There is a 2 minute break between each round. A competitor can win in three ways. The referee can stop the match with a TKO when the opponent can not fight anymore. A competitor can knock out their opponent unconscious and win the match. A competitor can also win by points scored. A draw is called if both people have the same amount of points. Few matches last all five rounds. A competitor is not allowed to attack an opponent when they are on the ground or when their back is facing the competitor. Traditional music is played before and during the match. Before the match, both competitors perform a ritual dance and prayer to warm up. Each competitor wears boxing gloves and shorts. No shoes are allowed.
Televison promoters
Matches are hosted by TV stations. Each TV station have their own arena and event. Some of the TV station that host matches are CTN, TV5 and Bayon. TV stations are responsible for any injuries during matches.
Training
Training for pradal serey is very tough. People who train have to be strong and athletic. It is also important to become flexible to use high kicks. Most people who compete professionally are young.
Massac, Aude

Massac is a commune of 29 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Evelyn van Leeuwen

Evelyn van Leeuwen (born 15 May 1972) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
She played at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics, and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.
Live Session EP

Live Session EP is an EP released by the rock band Panic at the Disco on June 13, 2006. It is available only as a digital download from the iTunes Store. It has a more acoustic feel to the songs.
Živko Radišić

Zivko Radisic (, ; 15 August 1937 - 5 September 2021) was a Bosnian Serb politician. He was the 5th Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
From 1982 to 1985 he headed the defense ministry of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1996, he became a founding member of the Socialist Party of Republika Srpska.
Radisic was elected Bosnian Serb member of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency in September 1998, defeating the incumbent Momcilo Krajisnik by 45,000 votes.
Radisic died on 5 September 2021 at a hospital in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina at the age of 84.
Exerodonta catracha

The Zacate Blanco tree frog (Exerodonta catracha) is a frog that lives in Honduras. Scientists have seen it between 1800 and 2160 meters above sea level. Scientists think it might also live in El Salvador.
Optare Alero

The Optare Alero was a low-floor minibus that was built by Optare between 2001 and 2008.
Around 300 were built in the first five years of being built. Most Aleros were used for rural routes.
Frank Kameny

Franklin Edward "Frank" Kameny (May 21, 1925 - October 11, 2011) was an important person in the American gay rights movement.
Early life
Kameny was born on May 21, 1925 in New York City, New York. He studied at Richmond Hill High School and at Queens College.
1957 incident
In 1957, Kameny was fired from his position as an astronomer in the U.S. Army's Army Map Service in Washington, D.C. because of his homosexuality. This helped him to begin "a Herculean struggle with the American establishment" that would help a rights movement of the early 1960s for homosexuals.
Kameny protested his firing by the U.S. Civil Service Commission due to his homosexuality, and argued this case to the United States Supreme Court in 1961. Although the court denied his petition, it is notable as the first civil rights claim based on sexual orientation.
Death
Kameny died on October 11, 2011 in Washington, D.C. from heart disease. He was 86 years old.
Legacy
Following Kameny's death, the giant rainbow flag on the tall flagpole at the corner of Market Street and Castro Street in the Castro neighborhood of San Francisco was flown at half-staff for 24 hours beginning on the afternoon of October 12, 2011 at the request of the creator of the rainbow flag, Gilbert Baker.
On November 2, 2011, Kameny's house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
On July 3 2012, Minor Planet (40463) Frankkameny was named in Kameny's honor by the International Astronomical Union and the Minor Planet Center.
Fontaine-Couverte

Fontaine-Couverte is a commune of 388 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Alan Freeman

Alan Leslie "Fluff" Freeman (born 6 July 1927 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, died 27 November 2006 in London, England) was an Australian radio presenter who worked for most of his career in the United Kingdom.
In May 2000 he was presented with a Lifetime Achievement award at the Sony Radio Academy Awards.
Freeman was best known for presenting Pick of the Pops on BBC Radio 1 throughout the 1960s and 1970s.
Freeman was openly bisexual.
James Milner

James Philip Milner (born 4 January 1986) is an English football player. He plays for Liverpool and the England national team.
Noritomo Harada

Noritomo Harada (born 14 July 1984) is a former Japanese football player.
Nahanni National Park Reserve

Nahanni National Park Reserve is a national park reserve in Northwest Territories, Canada. It is about west of Yellowknife. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1978. The park has an area of about .
Golden Road (album)

Golden Road is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on October 8, 2002. The producers of the album were Dan Huff and Keith Urban. The album stayed on the Billboard Hot Country Albums chart for 108 weeks peaking at #2 and peaked #11 on the Billboard 200. The album reached double Platinum in Canada selling 200,000 units.
Washington State Route 515

State Route 515 (SR 515) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Washington in King County. The highway goes from SR 516 in Kent to SR 900 in Renton. The highway is long.
SR 515 meets with Interstate 405 also in Renton.
Internet Engineering Task Force

The Internet Engineering Task Force, or IETF, is the main organization that researches and promotes new Internet standards. It is an open volunteer organization.
A Request for Comments, or RFC, is a document from the IETF. These are divided into several categories: Informational, Historical, and Standard-track. Only Standard-track are Internet Standards.
Magny-Fouchard

Magny-Fouchard is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
San Francisco Ballet

The San Francisco Ballet (SFB) is a ballet company. It was founded in 1933 as part of the San Francisco Opera Ballet. The company is based in the War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco, California under the direction of Helgi Tomasson who has been directing it since 1985. SFB is the first professional ballet company in the United States.
Confucianism

Confucianism is the philosophy based on the teachings of Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC), who was an important Chinese philosopher. Confucianism has a complete system of moral, social, political, and religious thought, and has had a large influence on the history of Chinese civilization. Some people think Confucianism should be called a religion but others do not agree.
Confucianism was made to stop the fall of former Chinese society. After the Zhou Dynasty fell, people cared only for themselves and did not have any respect for others. Confucianism became a social order for China, teaching that social relationships are the most important. People slowly started to believe in it, because they wanted to have peace, but they had to care for themselves too. As a result, Confucianism brought the people love, harmony, and respect for one another.
Confucianism was started in Ch'u-fu, Confucius's birthplace. Today, Confucianism has spread around the world, but it is still more important in China.
The teachings of Confucius focus largely on the respect of one's parents, elders, and ancestors. He also taught that humans 'can never stop learning'; meaning that knowledge is infinite, therefore we will always learn, never stopping. For example, he once asked a seven-year-old child to be his teacher, because the child knew something that he did not.
Confucianism Beliefs and Teachings
Confucianism is mainly built on the idea of etiquette and building good relations within a community. Confucius, founder of Confucianism, taught that harmony was a fundamental aspect of the world, and viewed God (Tian) as not the personal maker of the universe, but as the governing order and regularity of the universe, and that people should regularly engage in ritual dedicated to God in order ground oneself and the community with the divine.
The Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues: are the bases of morality.
Bonds:
Father and son
Lord and retainer
Husband and wife
Virtues:
Ren (Jen), altruism and humanity.
Yi, righteousness.
Li, good conduct.
Zhi, knowledge.
Xin, loyalty.
Chinese culture that exists today has its roots in Confucianism. Confucius believed that families are the building blocks of a society, which is why he laid emphasis on Filial Piety, which is known as xiao (Xiao ) in Chinese. Filial Piety means loyalty towards one's family. A Filial son is expected to take care of his parents and go to any extent to make their wishes come true. Confucians venerate their ancestors in the form of ritual dedicated to statues or representations of them.
Confucianism advocates for people to strive for achieving the title of a Junzi, or "gentleman". The Confucian Junzi acts as a leader to the community, has the ability to see beyond himself and works in the interest of the whole rather than himself, works towards gradual, rather than immediate, goals, and is loyal and humble.
I Ching divination is regularly practiced in the realm of Confucianism, as the book of I Ching is part of the Confucian Five Classics.
The book, Analects, describes the teachings of Confucius and was written by his disciples.
Cepheid variable

Cepheids are a type of very luminous variable stars. There is a strong direct relationship between a Cepheid's luminosity and its pulsation period. This makes Cepheids important standard candles for the galactic and extragalactic distance scales.
Cepheid variables are divided into several subclasses which have clearly different masses, ages, and evolutionary histories:
Classical Cepheids
Type II Cepheids
Anomalous Cepheids
Dwarf Cepheids
The first cepheid known was Delta Cephei in the constellation Cepheus, found by John Goodricke in 1784. Delta Cephei is of great importance because its distance is extremely well known, thanks in part to it being in a star cluster,<ref
name=dezeeuw1999>de Zeeuw P.T. et al 1999. A HIPPARCOS census of the nearby OB associations, AJ</ref> and the precise Hubble Space Telescope/Hipparcos parallaxes.
Cepheids are one of two ways in which the rate of expansion of the Universe can be measured.
Classes
Classical Cepheids
Classical Cepheids (also known as Population I Cepheids, Type I Cepheids, or Delta Cephei variables) pulsate with very regular periods of the order of days to months. Classical Cepheids are population I young variable stars which are 4-20 times more massive than the Sun, and up to 100,000 times more luminous. Cepheids are yellow supergiants of spectral class F6 - K2. When they pulsate, their radii change by ~25%. For the longer-period I Carinae this means millions of kilometers for a pulsation cycle.
Type II Cepheids
Type II Cepheids (also termed Population II Cepheids) are population II variable stars which pulsate with periods between 1 and 50 days. Type II Cepheids are typically metal-poor, old (~10 giga years), low mass objects (~half the mass of the Sun). Type II Cepheids are divided into several subgroups by period.
Type II Cepheids are used to fix the distance to the galactic center of the Milky Way, globular clusters, and galaxies.
Anomalous Cepheids
A group of pulsating stars on the instability strip have periods of less than two days, similar to RR Lyrae variables but with higher luminosities. Anomalous Cepheid variables have masses higher than type II Cepheids, RR Lyrae variables, and our Sun. It is unclear whether they are young stars on a "turned-back" horizontal branch, blue stragglers formed through mass transfer in binary systems, or a mix of both.
Double-mode Cepheids
A small proportion of Cepheid variables have been observed to pulsate in two modes at the same time, usually the fundamental and first overtone, occasionally the second overtone. A very small number pulsate in three modes, or an unusual combination of modes including higher overtones.
John Barth

John Simmons Barth (; born May 27, 1930) is an American writer. He is best known for his postmodernist and metafictional fiction. He won the National Book Award in 1973. Barth was born in Cambridge, Maryland. In 1974, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
His first two books were The Floating Opera and The End of the Road. His best known works include: The Sot-Weed Factor, Giles Goat-Boy, Lost in the Funhouse, Chimera, LETTERS and Once Upon a Time: A Floating Opera.
1159

Events
In the Roman Catholic Church, Cardinals are given the right of election of the Pope. Prior to this, the pope was selected by election by the clergy and congregation of the church.
Heiji Rebellion in Japan
Tunis is conquered by the Almohad caliphs.
Marie of Boulogne becomes the Countess of Boulogne
Deaths
September 1: Pope Adrian IV dies.
Germanwings

Germanwings was a low-cost airline owned by Lufthansa. It was based in Cologne. It was founded in 2002. It has more than 81 airplanes. It goes to 86 airports.
On March 24, 2015, a Germanwings A320 flying from Barcelona to Dusseldorf crashed in the French Alps. All of the 150 people on board died in the accident. This is the worst accident in the operating history of Germanwings.
Turks and Caicos Islands national football team

Turks and Caicos Islands national football team is the national football team of Turks and Caicos Islands.
Orschwiller

Orschwiller is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
The Chateau du Haut-Koenigsbourg is in the commune.
1000 (number)

1000 (1,000, one thousand or thousand for short) is the natural number after 999 and before 1001. One thousand thousands is known as a million.
In Roman numerals, 1000 is written as M.