kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Canton, Pennsylvania

Canton is a borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,976 at the 2010 census.
Kassel

Kassel is a city in Germany, in the state of Hessen.
It has about 195,000 inhabitants and a university.
Every 5 years there is an international arts exhibition documenta in Kassel. The best football team KSV Hessen Kassel plays in the Regionalliga, the fourth Division in Germany.
Samognat

Samognat is a commune. It is found in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region in the Ain department in the east of France.
Orléans

Orleans is a city in France, the prefecture of the Centre-Val de Loire region and the Loiret department. It is on the Loire River and was formerly a busy port.
Eddy Clearwater

Eddy "The Chief" Clearwater was the stage name of Edward Harrington (January 10, 1935 - June 1, 2018), an American blues singer and musician. His main genre work was in Chicago blues. Blues Revue said he plays "joyous rave-ups...he testifies with stunning soul fervor and powerful guitar. He was known for playing guitar with Muddy Waters.
The release of his 1980 album, The Chief, on the Rooster Blues label, made him known on the Chicago blues scene. Two encores for Rooster Blues, Help Yourself (1992) and Mean Case of the Blues (1996), made Clearwater famous.
His album Cool Blues Walk was released in 1998, followed by Chicago Daily Blues in 1989 and Reservation Blues in mid-2000. In 2004, he was nominated for a Grammy Award with Los Straitjackets for their collaborative album Rock 'n' Roll City.
Clearwater died at his home in Skokie, Illinois on June 1, 2018 of heart failure at the age of 83.
Taylor Hackford

Taylor Edwin Hackford (born December 31, 1944) is an American movie director. He was president of the Directors Guild of America. He won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for Teenage Father (1979). He is known for directing An Officer and a Gentleman (1982) and Ray (2004).
Mystic, Iowa

Mystic is a city in Iowa in the United States. Its population was 588 at the 2000 census. The United States Census Bureau says the city has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.6 km2). All of it is land.
History
At the end of the 19th century, "the valley of Walnut Creek was one long mining camp, known under different names, Jerome, Diamond, Mystic, Clarksdale, Rathbun and Darby" (later known as Darbyville). A. M. Elgin opened the first coal mine in the Mystic area in 1857. It was about 1.5 miles north of Mystic on Little Walnut Creek. The Mystic coal crack was seen on the surface there, and drifts were opened and left, over the next few decades until the hills were full with mines.
Bizanet

Bizanet is a commune of 1,685 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Wellsville, Utah

Wellsville is a city in Cache County, Utah, United States.
L'Argent (1983 movie)

L'Argent (, meaning "Money") is a 1983 French Swiss drama movie directed by Robert Bresson and is loosely based on the first part of Leo Tolstoy's novella The Forged Coupon. It stars Christian Patey, Vincent Risterucci, Caroline Lang, Sylvie Van Den Elsen and was distributed by MK2 Diffusion.
1310

Events
May 11 - In France, 64 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake for heresy
Abu al-Fida becomes governor of Hama.
The first purpose-built accommodation for students (Mob Quad) completed in Merton College, Oxford, England.
Basarab I, after the battle against the Tatars, is named "big prince" of Wallachia by the feudal lords of the region. The country is to remain under Hungarian domination until 12 October 1330 and the Battle of Posada.
Aix-en-Diois

Aix-en-Diois is a former commune in the Drome department. It is in southeastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Solaure-en-Diois.
Langlade County, Wisconsin

Langlade County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. There were 20,740 people living in Langlade County as of the year 2000. Its county seat is Antigo. The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of 888 square miles.
Bitburg

Bitburg (; ; ) is a city in Germany, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate approximately northwest of Trier and northeast of Luxembourg city.
The American Spangdahlem Air Base is nearby.
Cynthia Green

Cynthia Green is a sprinter from Jamaica. Green competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. She was born on 10 September 1960.
Arianna Huffington

Arianna Stassinopoulos Huffington (born Ariadne-Anna Stasinopoulou, ; on July 15, 1950) is a Greek-American author and syndicated columnist. She is best known for her news website The Huffington Post. She was a one-time liberal democrat. She later became a popular conservative commentator in the mid-1990s, after which she adopted liberal political beliefs in the late 1990s. She is the former spouse of former Republican congressman Michael Huffington.
Political career
In 2003, she ran as an independent candidate for Governor in the California recall election.
Personal life
Huffington was born Arianna Stasinopoulou in Athens, Greece on July 15, 1950. She studied economics at Girton College, Cambridge. Huffington was married to Michael Huffington from 1986 until they divorced in 1997. She became an American citizen in 1990.
List of countries by past and projected GDP (nominal)

This is an alphabetical list of countries by past and projected gross domestic product (nominal) as ranked by the IMF.
UN estimates between 1970 and 1979
The following Table is based on UN GDP data.
IMF estimates between 1980 and 1989
IMF estimates between 1990 and 1999
IMF estimates between 2000 and 2009
IMF estimates between 2010 and 2019
IMF estimates between 2020 and 2024
CIA estimates in 1990
GDP (Nominal) data in 1990, with some countries only GNP (Nominal) was provided by the CIA World Factbook.
Achievement of trillions in GDP
The following is a list of countries reaching a certain threshold of nominal GDP in a specific year according to International Monetary Fund, United Nations, and World Bank.
Long term GDP estimates
The following table provides GDP estimates for the 20 largest economies from 2016 to 2050 made by UK based PricewaterhouseCoopers in February 2017.
The following table provides GDP estimates for the 50 largest economies in 2033 made by UK based Center for Business and Economic Research in December 2018.
1053

Year 1053 (MLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
June 18 - Battle of Civitate: 3,000 horsemen of Norman Count Humphrey defeat the troops of Pope Leo IX.
Byodo-in, Uji, Kyoto Prefecture, is built. Heian period (approximate date).
Jocho makes Amida Buddha, Byodo-in. Heian period (approximate date).
Ellie Gall

Ellie Gall (born May 5, 1996) is an Australian actress. She is slated to portray the main role Catherine Langford alongside Connor Trinneer in the upcoming science fiction web-series Stargate Origins.
Fasa County

Fasa County () is a county in Fars Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Fasa. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 188,189, in 45,333 families. The county is subdivided into four districts: the Central District, Now Bandegan District, Sheshdeh and Qarah Bulaq District, and Shibkaveh District. The county has six cities: Fasa, Zahedshahr, Now Bandegan, Sheshdeh, Qarah Bolagh & Miyanshahr.
Kelmis

Kelmis or La Calamine is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liege.
In 2007, 10472 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 43 North, 06deg 00 East.
George Hugh Niederauer

George Hugh Niederauer (June 14, 1936 - May 2, 2017) was an American bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Archbishop Emeritus of San Francisco. Before that, Niederauer served as Bishop of Salt Lake City from 1994 to 2005.
Niederauer was born in Los Angeles, California. He studied at Stanford University, at the Catholic University of America and at Loyola University. Niederauer died on May 2, 2017, in San Rafael, California from lung cancer at the age of 80.
WWE Saturday Morning Slam

WWE Saturday Morning Slam was a professional wrestling show made by the WWE.
During its televised history in the United States it was shown on The CW during its Vortexx Saturday morning block. It was centered around being more family-friendly and targeted towards children. The show ran from August 25, 2012 to May 11, 2013. The show was cancelled because of creative differences between both the WWE and Saban Brands.
Nicosia, Sicily

Nicosia is an Italian city in Sicily. It has about 13,000 inhabitants.
Savournon

Savournon is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
Population
Transport
Road
The D21, D48 and D221 roads pass through the commune.
New Deal

The New Deal was a series of programs launched by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt to solve the problems caused by the Great Depression. The New Deal is often split into two smaller New Deals: the First New Deal and the Second New Deal. During the First Hundred Days of Roosevelt's presidency, Roosevelt and his administration proposed many plans to fix the economy.
Saint-Mariens

Saint-Mariens is a commune. It is found in the Aquitaine region in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Jude Law

David Jude Heyworth Law (born 29 December 1972) is an English actor. He was born in Lewisham, London and grew up in Blackheath, London. He played major roles many movies. These include The Talented Mr. Ripley, Enemy at the Gates, A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Road to Perdition, Cold Mountain, Alfie, Closer and The Holiday.
For his work in The Talented Mr. Ripley, he won 2000 BAFTA Award for "Actor in a Supporting Role".
Joan Antoni Solans Huguet

Joan Antoni Solans i Huguet (15 October 1941 - 2 September 2019) was a Spanish Catalan architect. His works were about urban planning . He was born in Barcelona.
Between 1980 and 1997 he was General Director of Town Planning of the Generalitat de Catalunya during the government of Jordi Pujol and vice president of the Institut Catala del Sol between 1988 and 2000, when he resigned.
He was the architect of the new territorial planning of Catalonia and some cities.
Huget died on 2 September 2019 in Barcelona after being hit by a car at the age of 77.
Pyxicephalidae

Pyxicephalidae is a family of frogs. They are found in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Classification
Pyxicephalidae has two subfamilies, with a total of 13 genera. This family was formerly considered part of the family Ranidae.
Philippine Sea

The Philippine Sea is the body of water east of the Philippines and Taiwan. It is a part of the western end of the Pacific Ocean. The Philippine Sea is bounded by china Japan to the north, the Marianas to the east and Palau to the south.
Geology
It straddles on the Philippine Plate.
Carrier-sense multiple access

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) is a Media Access Control (MAC) protocol. When transmitting on a medium that is shared by many transmitters, the transmitter first checks to see that nothing else is already transmitting. Examples of shared transmission medium include an electrical bus, or part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
ISO 21482

ISO 21482 is a standard that specifies a warning symbol to warn against the dangers of radiation. The warning is made of the trefoil on the top, which warns against radiations. There are lines towards the bottom. On the bottom left, there is a skull, which warns against poison. On the bottom right, there is a running figure, and an arrow pointing outside the sign. The color red was chosen because children said it expresses danger better than yellow. The Gallup Organization recommended the symbol, after showing it to 1650 people.
The new symbol does not replace the old one, but it amends it. It was designed to show the danger of radiation to people who do not know about radiation, or who do not know the symbol for it. The symbol was developed because of nuclear accidents that happened because people opened containers with radioactive materials, such as the Goiania accident in 1987, or the Samut Prakan disaster near Bangkok in 2000. The new symbol will not be placed on the containers. Rather, it will directly placed on the substances emitting radiation, of the highest categories, 1 to 3. Containers will continue to bear only the old symbol, as they do not pose a direct risk. This also applies to rooms with radiation sources or x-ray equipment in them.
Bill Nye

William Sanford Nye (born November 27, 1955), often known as Bill Nye the Science Guy, is an American actor, comedian, engineer, and educator. He is most known for hosting the children's TV show Bill Nye the Science Guy. Nye is also the CEO of The Planetary Society. Nye was born in Washington, D.C. and went to school at Cornell University. Early in his life, Nye worked as an engineer for Boeing in Seattle. He also was a member of the Seattle comedy troupe Almost Live!. He hosted Bill Nye the Science Guy from 1993 to 1997. Since then, he has hosted several TV shows and specials concerned with science and the environment. He also designed the sundial on the Mars Rover. Nye currently lives in the San Fernando Valley.
Joel Hastings Metcalf

Joel Hastings Metcalf (January 4, 1866-February 23, 1925) was an American astronomer.
Metcalf graduated from Harvard Divinity School in 1892. He served as a Unitarian minister in Burlington, Vermont and then later in Taunton, Massachusetts, Winchester, Massachusetts and Portland, Maine.
He found or co-found many comets, such as 23P/Brorsen-Metcalf and 97P/Metcalf-Brewington; he also found many asteroids.
Mabandla Dlamini

Prince Mabandla Ndawombili Fred Dlamini (born 11 November 1930) is a Eswatini politician. He was Prime Minister of Swaziland from 23 November 1979 to 25 March 1983.
Stepanakert

Stepanakert () or Khankendi () is a city in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, legally in Azerbaijan, but militarily controlled by the Armenian forces as the capital city of the unrecognised Republic of Artsakh (also known as Nagorno-Karabakh Republic). The city has about 40,000 ethnic Armenians. The entire Azerbaijani population left the city during the Nagorno-Karabakh War and it is currently populated fully by Armenians.
Lapland (parliamentary electoral district)

Lapland (, , Sami languages: Lappi) is an electoral district of Finland.
Ethnic conflict

An ethnic conflict (or ethnic war) is a conflict where different ethnic groups fight each other. It is different from a civil war, where a single nation or ethnic group is fighting among itself.
Examples of ethnic wars since the 1990s were typically caused by secessionist movements leading to the breakup of multi-ethnic states along ethnic lines: the Yugoslav Wars, the First Chechen War, the Nagorno-Karabakh War, the Rwandan Civil War and the War in Darfur, among others
Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally fall into one of three schools of thought: primordialist, instrumentalist or constructivist. Intellectual debate has also focused around the issue of whether ethnic conflict has become more common since the end of the Cold War, and on finding ways of managing conflicts, through instruments such as consociationalism and federalisation.
Fernando Picun

Fernando Picun (born 14 February 1972) is a former Uruguayan football player. He has played for Uruguay national team.
Teen idol

A teen idol is a celebrity or famous person who is very popular with teenagers. Teen idols are often young, but are not always teenagers themselves. They are often pop singers or actors. People started to call celebrities teen idols in the 20th century. Some early teen idols were Rudolph Valentino, Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, Elvis Presley and James Dean.
In the 1960s and 1970s some pop singers became known as teen idols, like The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Monkees, Donny Osmond and David Cassidy. In the 1990s, bands like New Kids on the Block and Backstreet Boys were very popular with teenagers. In the 21st century, some teen idols have been Britney Spears, Miley Cyrus and the Jonas Brothers.
Koshigaya

is a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.
Cities in Japan
Settlements in Saitama Prefecture
Diana Taylor (superintendent)

Diana Lancaster Taylor (born February 6, 1955) is an American businesswoman. She was the New York Superintendent of Banks from 2003 to 2007. Taylor was the First Lady of New York City from 2002 to 2013. She is the domestic partner of politician and businessperson Michael Bloomberg.
Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation

The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (abbreviated to GHMC) is an urban planning agency that oversees Hyderabad, India. The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation is also the local government for the City of Hyderabad.
SWPS University

The SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities is a private university in Warsaw, Poland. There are five campuses of the SWPS, located in Warsaw, Wroclaw, Sopot, Poznan, and Katowice.
There are about 16,500 students enrolled.
Overview
It was founded in 1996 by three professors as the first private university. SWPS means High School of Social Psychology (Szkola Wyzsza Psychologii Spolecznej).
In 2008, Piotr Voelkel took the position of SWPS University founder.
In 2015, it received a university status under Polish law.
There are 8 faculties in SWPS University:
Warsaw Faculty of Psychology
Warsaw Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
Warsaw Faculty of Law
Sopot Faculty of Psychology
Katowice Faculty of Psychology
Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology
Wroclaw Faculty of Law and Communication
Poznan Faculty of Social Sciences and Design
The University's main study areas are Psychology, Law, Languages, Literature and Culture Studies, Media and Communication, Management, and Design.
Marc Allan Feldman

Marc Allan Feldman (October 10, 1959 - June 22, 2016) was an American physician, political commentator, and activist. Feldman was also a practicing physician. He had been employed at the Cleveland Clinic since August 1998. He was also the owner of a small business called Openivo, Inc. Feldman had also served as the president of the Ophthalmic Anesthesia Society.
On January 13, 2015 Feldman announced that he was running for President of the United States in the 2016 election as a Libertarian. His main goal in running was to address how much money influences the political system. He had called his campaign "Votes Not For Sale" and wouldn't take any donations over $5. On May 26, 2016, Feldman participated in a political debate at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention, alongside Gary Johnson, Austin Petersen, John McAfee, and Darryl W. Perry. Feldman would place fifth on the second nominating ballot, losing to Gary Johnson.
On June 22, 2016, Dr. Feldman was found unresponsive at the America's Best Value Inn in Brook Park, Ohio. He was pronounced dead at the scene a short time later. The cause of death was atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Mutation

In biology, a mutation is a change in the genetic material. This means changes to the DNA or to the chromosomes which carry the DNA. These changes are heritable (can be passed on to the next generation) unless they have lethal effects.
Mutations can happen for several reasons. It can happen because of errors when meiosis produces the gametes (eggs & sperms). Damage by radiation, or by certain chemicals may cause mutations. Mutations occur at random.
Also, by derivation, an individual carrying the mutation may be called a mutant or a mutation. So is the trait (character) most obviously affected by the mutation.
Types of mutation
DNA mutations
When DNA is copied mistakes are sometimes made - these are called mutations. There are four main types of mutations:
Deletion, where one or more DNA bases are left out.
Insertion, where one or more extra base is put in.
Substitution, where one or more bases are changed for another base in the sequence.
Duplication, where whole genes are copied.
Chromosome mutations
These terms are explained in the third diagram.
Deletion: a piece of chromosome is lost, together with any genes which may be on it.
Duplication: part of a chromosome is repeated
Inversion: part of a chromosome is reversed end to end
Insertion: a smaller chromosome is added into a longer chromosome
Translocation: part of a chromosome gets moved onto another chromosome
Results of mutation
Mutations may be bad for the organism, or neutral, or benefit the organism. Sometimes mutations are fatal for the organism - the protein made by the 'new' DNA does not work at all, and causing the embryo to die. On the other hand, evolution is moved forward by mutations, when the new version of the protein works better for the organism.
Mutations are the ultimate source of variation, upon which natural selection acts. What happens is that some mutations affect the organism's ability to live and reproduce. This is an important part of the theory of evolution. The amount of heritable variation carried by a population can be huge, and as a result natural populations can change and adapt to conditions in their environment.
Averlak

Averlak is a municipality in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Karnes City, Texas

Karnes City is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Karnes County.
Leaf litter

Leaf litter is dead plant material, including leaves, that has fallen to the ground. Leaf litter is an important part of ecosystem.
Kansas Jayhawks

The Kansas Jayhawks, commonly referred to as KU, are the athletic teams that represent the University of Kansas. KU is one of three schools in the state of Kansas that are in the NCAA Division I. The Jayhawks are also a part of the Big 12 Conference. KU athletic teams have won eleven NCAA Division I championships: three in men's basketball, one in men's cross country, three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, and one in women's outdoor track and field.
The name "Jayhawks" comes from the Kansas Jayhawker freedom fighter and anti-slavery movement during the Bleeding Kansas era of the American Civil War.
Sports
The University of Kansas officially has 16 sports: 6 men's and 8 women's. There are also club-level sports for rugby, ice hockey, and men's volleyball. The school used to have a wrestling team, though the sport was stopped during the 1960s.
Football
KU began playing football in 1890. The Jayhawks have been to the Orange Bowl in 1948, 1969 and 2008, winning in 2008. The team plays in Memorial Stadium (capacity 50,071). It the seventh oldest college football stadium in the United States. It opened in 1921.
Softball
The Jayhawks softball team has appeared in seven Women's College World Series, in 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979 and 1992.
Lowari Pass

Lowari Pass (or Lowari Top) (elevation ) is a high mountain pass that connects Chitral with Dir in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Lowari Top is a relatively low pass, by far the lowest pass to enter Chitral, the rest all being 12,000 to 15,000 feet.
List of number-one singles of 2021 (Finland)

This is a List of number-one singles in Finland in 2021. The source is the Official Finnish Charts.
Monassut-Audiracq

Monassut-Audiracq is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Natasha Gregson Wagner

Natasha Gregson Wagner (born September 29 1970) is an American television and movie actress from Los Angeles. She is the daughter of actress Natalie Wood. She starred in the 1992 comedy Buffy the Vampire Slayer alongside Kristy Swanson. She also starred in the television series ER for several episodes.
Oroville East, California

Oroville East or Kelly Ridge is a census-designated place (CDP) in Butte County, California.
Lampenberg

Lampenberg is a municipality of the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.
Abdul Halim Khaddam

Abdul Halim Khaddam ( (; 15 September 1932 - 31 March 2020) was a Syrian politician.
Khaddam was Vice President of Syria from 1984 to 2005. He was one of the few Sunni Muslims to make it to the top of the Alawite-dominated Syrian leadership. He was long known as a loyalist of Hafez al-Assad, and held a strong position within the Syrian government until he resigned his positions and fled the country in 2005 in protest against certain policies of Hafez's son and successor, Bashar al-Assad.
He served as interim President of Syria from 10 June 2000 to 17 July 2000 when Hafez al-Assad died in June 2000. He was later replaced by Bashar al-Assad.
Khaddam died on 31 March 2020 in France of a heart attack, aged 87.
Reflektor

Reflektor is the fourth album by Arcade Fire. It was released on October 28, 2013. The album has two discs. The first disc has seven songs. The second disc has six songs. It got good reviews from music critics. Pitchfork gave it a score of 9.2 out of 10. The first single from the album, "Reflektor", was released on September 9, 2013. The album was number one in several countries including the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.
Track listing
Notes
means there is an extra producer on the track
"We Exist" is the second track of the album on CD and digital releases, but the fourth on the vinyl version (as the first song of Side B, or 1:4).
On CD, "Joan of Arc" ends with 30 additional seconds of the room tone that also opens "Here Comes the Night Time II".
Saint-Fortunat-sur-Eyrieux

Saint-Fortunat-sur-Eyrieux is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Forrest Compton

Forrest Compton (September 15, 1925 - April 4, 2020) was an American actor. He is known for playing Mike Karr, the central character in the long-running soap opera The Edge of Night (1970-1984) and Lieutenant Colonel Edward Gray in the 1960s sitcom Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.. His other television credits include The Troubleshooters, The Twilight Zone, 77 Sunset Strip, My Three Sons, Mayberry R.F.D., Mannix, Hogan's Heroes, That Girl, Another World, Loving, One Life to Live, As the World Turns and Ed. His movie appearances include The Outsider (1961) and McBain (1991).
Compton was born in Reading, Pennsylvania. In 1975, he married Jeanne Sementini. On April 4, 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Compton died of COVID-19 in Shelter Island, New York. He was 94.
Judith Chapman

Judith Chapman (born Judith Shepard on November 15, 1952) is an actress well known to fans of daytime television in the United States. She has appeared on many daytime dramas since the mid-1970s. Her first daytime role was that of "Natalie Bannon Hughes" on As the World Turns from 1975 to 1978. Her character became known as "Nasty Natalie." Her present role started in January 2005, when she joined the cast of The Young and the Restless replacing Joan Van Ark in the role of Gloria Fisher.
In addition to her many daytime television roles, Chapman has had a long career in both stage and movies. Her most recent movie role was that of the mother of Judy (Parker Posey) in the 2002 romantic comedy, The Sweetest Thing.
Personal life
Chapman was born in Greenville, South Carolina on November 15, 1952. She is the daughter of United States Air Force general Leland Shepard.
In her spare time, Chapman enjoys yoga and directing local theater in the Palm Springs, California area. She has a home in that area as well as one in Los Angeles where her show is made. Until recently, she was part-owner of St. James at The Vineyard, a fancy restaurant in Palm Springs.
She received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Desert Theatre League (DTL) on Sunday, November 20, 2005, at the DTL's 18th "Desert Stars Awards" Ceremony held at the Riviera Resort in Palm Springs.
Filmography
Television
Chapman was also a guest actress on two episodes of Magnum, P.I. - "The Black Orchid" from season 1, and "The Woman on the Beach" from season 2. two of the most popular episodes of that series.
ANZUS

ANZUS is an active war alliance between the United States, Australia and New Zealand.
Arab Federation

The Hashemite Arab Federation was a short-lived country that was formed in 1958 from the union between the Hashemite Kingdoms of Iraq and Jordan. Although the name implies a federal structure, it was de facto a confederation.
Rationalism

Rationalism is the view that reasoning by itself is a source of knowledge or proof. It is a philosophical movement that began in the 17th century, but the same ideas were also talked about before then. Rationalist philosophers believe that all knowledge can be understood through a process of reasoning, without any external sources. They do not believe that human beings can understand everything this way, but that it is theoretically possible. Rationalist philosophers attempt to understand ideas like God and the soul in this manner.
The first people to talk about rationalism were Marin Mersenne and Rene Descartes, of the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries. Other philosophers who are seen as rationalist today include Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz and Immanuel Kant. Famous people opposed to this idea were David Hume and John Locke. These opponents favored a view called empiricism.
Rationalism also influenced natural law. Natural law is a theory that says that there are laws given by nature, valid everywhere. Deism was also influenced by rationalism. According to deism, a supreme being created the universe. This being, and other religious truths can be determined by observing nature, and finding natural laws. This would make religions that are based on revelation unnecessary.
Buchs, Zürich

Buchs is a municipality in the district of Dielsdorf in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.
Stamp Act 1765

The Stamp Act 1765 was made by the Parliament of Great Britain in 1765, which affected things like paper and prints or any legal document, and needed to be paid in British currency, also to show that they paid, every paper needed a revenue stamp, similar to a postage stamp. The purpose of the tax was to pay for troops in North America after the British victory in the Seven Years' War and the French and Indian War.
Castelnau-de-Médoc

Castelnau-de-Medoc is a commune. It is found in the Aquitaine region in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Federal Security Service

The FSB (FSB) is an organisation in Russia that takes care of security of the country. It is the organisation that came after the KGB, relating to internal affairs inside the country. It is usually simply called the FSB in English-language sources.
Its main responsibilities are within the country. It does counter-intelligence, internal and border security, counter-terrorism, and surveillance. It also investigates some other types of serious crimes. Its headquarters are in Lubyanka Square, Moscow's centre, in the main building of the former KGB. The Director of the FSB since 2008 is army general Aleksandr Bortnikov.
List of rivers of China

The following is a list of rivers in China, by where they flow into:
Arabian Sea
Indus (Yin Du He )
Bay of Bengal
Yarlung Tsangpo River (Brahmaputra) (Ya Lu Cang Bu Jiang ) (joins the Ganges)
Andaman Sea
Salween (Sa Er Wen Jiang or Nu Jiang )
South China Sea
Mekong (Mei Gong He )
Red River (Vietnam) (Hong He , a.k.a. Yuan Jiang )
Pearl River (Zhu Jiang) (Zhu Jiang )
Beijiang (Bei) (Bei Jiang )
Dongjiang (Dong) (Dong Jiang )
Han (Han Jiang )
Mei (Mei Jiang )
Ning (Zhu Jiang )
Ting (Ting Jiang )
Dajing (Da Jing He )
Xijiang (Xi) (Xi Jiang )
Yujiang (Yu) (Yu Jiang )
Yongjiang (Yong) (Yong Jiang ))
Zuojiang (Zuo) (Zuo Jiang )
Youjiang (You) (You Jiang )
Xunjiang (Xun) (Xun Jiang )
Qiangjiang (Qiang) (Qian Jiang )
Rongjiang (Rong)(Rong Jiang )
Hongshui (Red River) (Hong Shui He )
Beipan (Bei Pan Jiang )
Nanpan (Nan Pan Jiang )
Ba (Ba Shui or Ba He )
Guijiang (Gui) (Gui Jiang )
Lijiang (Li) (Li Jiang )
Taiwan Strait
Min (Fujian) (Min Jiang )
East China Sea
Qiantang River, Qian River (Qian Tang Jiang or Qian Jiang , upper reach known as Xin An Jiang )
Huangpu River (Huang Pu Jiang )
Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) (Chang Jiang , upper reach known as Jin Sha Jiang )
Tongtian River
Yalong River (Ya Long Jiang )
Min (Sichuan) (Min Jiang )
Wu (Wu Jiang )
Jialing (Jia Ling Jiang )
Bailong (Bai Long Jiang )
Baishui (Bai Shui )
Qujiang (Qu Jiang )
Fujiang (Fu Jiang )
Xiang (Xiang Jiang )
Xiaoshui (Xiao Shui )
Zhengshui (Zheng Shui )
Lishui (Li) (Li Shui )
Yuanjiang (Yuan) (Yuan Jiang )
Wu River (Wu Shui )
Zijiang (Zi) (Zi Jiang )
Hanshui (Yi Jiang or Yi Shui )
Gan (Gan Jiang )
Zhang (Zhang Jiang )
Gongshui (Gong Shui )
Mei (Mei He )
Xiang (Jiangxi) (Xiang Shui )
Yellow Sea
Huai (Huai He )
Shaying (Sha Ying He )
Yi (Yi He )
Shu (Shu He )
Si (Si He )
Jiao (Xiao He )
Yalu (Ya Lu Jiang ) - Korea Bay
Bohai Sea
Wei (Wei He )
Xiaoqing (Xiao Qing He , formerly known as Ji He )
Yellow River (Huang He) (Huang He )
Daxia (Da Xia He )
Fen (Fen He )
Wei (Wei He )
Jing (Jing He )
Luo (Luo He )
Hai (Hai He )
Wei (Wei He )
Zhang (Zhang He )
Yongding (Yong Ding He )
Luan (Luan He )
Liao (Liao He )
Sea of Japan
Tumen River (Tu Men Jiang )
Heilong Jiang (Heilongjiang) (Hei Long Jiang )
Songhua River (Song Hua Jiang )
Arctic Ocean
Irtysh (E Er Qi Si He ) - Gulf of Ob (joins Ob River)
Canals
Grand Canal of China (Da Yun He )
Rivers that do not flow into any larger body of water
Muzat River - tributary of the Tarim River
Tarim River - ends in the Taklamakan Desert
Ili river - ends in Lake Balkhash
Karakash (Black Jade River) (Hei Yu Jiang ) - ends in the Taklamakan Desert
Yurungkash (White Jade River) (Bai Yu Jiang ) - ends in the Taklamakan Desert
Guadalupe County

Guadalupe County is the name of three counties in the United States:
Guadalupe County, New Mexico
Guadalupe County, Texas
LZ 129 Hindenburg

The LZ 129 Hindenburg was a large German airship, built in 1936. It was named in honor of the German field marshal and statesman Paul von Hindenburg. Such airships are called Zeppelin. Along with another Zeppelin, LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin, it was the biggest airship in the world at the time it was built.
The Zeppelin gained lots of publicity and became very famous. The boxer Max Schmeling flew on it back to Germany after defeating Joe Louis in the United States. It was also present during the opening ceremony of the 1936 Summer Olympics which were held in Berlin. This attention was part of the Zeppelin company's plan to offer a fleet of their airships for trans-atlantic service.
The disaster
On May 6, 1937, the Hindenburg was landing in New Jersey after a transatlantic flight, when it burst into flames. 36 people died and many were injured. The Hindenburg was destroyed by the burning of the hydrogen that was inside it. There are many opinions on what started the fire.
An announcer, Herbert Morrison reported the landing and then screamed and said, "Oh the humanity" after it caught on fire. Morrison's line is now famous around the world as well as photos and film footage of the disaster.
The rock group Led Zeppelin used a picture of the fire for the cover of their self-titled debut album.
Killing of Peter R. de Vries

In the evening of 6 July 2021, Dutch investigative journalist and crime reporter Peter R. de Vries was shot in the head after leaving the television studio of RTL Boulevard in Amsterdam. Many shots were fired at him at the Lange Leidsedwarsstraat while he was on his way to his car. He was taken to the VU University Medical Center in critical condition. De Vries died as a result of the shooting on 15 July 2021.
Reason
Later in his career, de Vries became one of the most visible figures in the journalistic investigation of cold cases in the Netherlands, such as the death of Nicky Verstappen, in which he supported the victim's family in court.
In 2021, De Vries supported the crown witness Nabil Bakkali in the Marengo process. Less than two years earlier, Bakkali's lawyer, Derk Wiersum, had been murdered outside his home in Amsterdam.
Suspects
The Dutch police arrested three suspects the same day of the shooting. Two suspects were in a car that was stopped on the A4 motorway near Leidschendam. The third person was released the next day, and is no longer a suspect. A 35-year-old Polish man, Kamil E., is the suspected getaway car driver, while a 21-year-old Dutchman, Delano G., is the suspected shooter. Dutch media has reported that the suspected killer is the nephew or cousin of one of the henchmen of Ridouan Taghi, known as the Netherlands' most-wanted criminal. De Vries was involved in the prosecution of Taghi.
General Motors

General Motors Company is the largest American car company. It is based in the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan. It was founded in 1908 by a man named Billy Durant. It makes cars and trucks in 31 countries. About 209,000 people work for it. It is the second largest car company in the world, after Toyota.
In the 1950s and 1960s, it dominated the car industry, but it fell into decline by the 1980s and 90s. The company went through a bankruptcy in 2009 and was bought by the US Government, which has been selling its stake in the company.
As of April 2014, GM is being investigated by the United States Congress over the deaths of 13 people involving faulty ignition systems that have been used in many GM cars, with some built as early as 1997. In May 2014 the company was fined $35 million from NHTSA over the ignition problem.
Brands
GM has many brands, including:
Cadillac
Chevrolet
Buick
GMC
In the past, General Motors has used other brands, including Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Saturn, Hummer, Geo, and Daewoo, but none of these are produced by GM as of 2014. They either have gone out of business or were merged into Chevrolet. GM also owned Saab from 1989 to 2010, and also held stakes in Isuzu and Suzuki until 2008. In 2017 they sold Opel and Vauxhall Motors to Groupe PSA. Holden gone defunct in 2020.
Michael McKean

Michael John McKean (born October 17, 1947) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and musician. He played Lenny Kosnowski in Laverne & Shirley, David St. Hubbins in This Is Spinal Tap, and Chuck McGill on Better Call Saul.
Conditional

Conditional may refer to:
Conditional probability, the probability of some event given that another event happened
Conditional proof, a proof method in logic
Material conditional, a logical connective
Conditional (computer programming), a way of checking something in a computer program
The Trump Organization

The Trump Organization is an American limited liability conglomerate founded in 1971. It is based in Trump Tower in Manhattan, New York City. The current trustees are Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump, and Allen Weisselberg. The company is owned by Donald Trump.
Taymyr Peninsula

The Taymyr Peninsula () is a peninsula in the Far North of Russia.
Ryuki Kozawa

Ryuki Kozawa (born 6 February 1988) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.
Najmul Hossain Shanto

Najmul Hossain Shanto is a cricketer from Bangladesh. Shanto plays for the Bangladesh national cricket team. He was born on August 25, 1998.
4 (Beyoncé album)

4 is the fourth studio album by American singer Beyonce. It was released June 24, 2011. Seven singles were released from the album. "Run the World (Girls)" was the first single from the album. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 8 out of 10.
The single "Love on Top" won the Best Traditional R&B Performance Award at the Grammy Awards. The album has sold three million copies. The third song on the album "I Miss You" was written by Frank Ocean.
Lviv

Lviv () is the capital city of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine. 860,000 people live in Lviv. 88% of the people living there are Ukrainian, 8% are Russian, and 1% are Polish. An extra 200,000 people commute to Lviv every day for work.
During the city's history, it was ruled by many countries. When part of Poland it was called Lwow (pronounced and sometimes spelled Lvov). In German, it was known as Lemberg, that was part of the Austrian and Austro-Hungarian Empires and again under Nazi German occupation. From 1350 until 1772 it belonged to the Kingdom of Poland and from 1918 to 1939 to the Republic of Poland.
Piero Gobetti

Piero Gobetti (; June 19, 1901, Turin - February 15, 1926, Neuilly-sur-Seine) was a young journalist, intellectual, and radical liberal person. He was a very active critic during the years of crisis in Italy after the First World War and during the early years of Fascist rule. He had to leave Italy and settled down in Paris, where he soon died. He died because his health was bad, after the Fascists had terrorized him.
Donald II of Scotland

Donald II was king of the Picts and the last to be officially named that, although Constantine II claimed to be king of the Picts, in reality he ruled the newly founded Alban kingdom. He ascended to the throne in 889 after the abdication/deposition of Giric and disputably Giric. He was the son of Constantine I, king from 862-877. Donald died in 900 and was buried in Iona, Scotland.
Birth
The exact date of his birth is unknown but thought to be around c. 862, when the reign of his father Constantine I began, after the death of Donald I, the previous of his name.
Reign
Donald's reign began in 889 after the end of Giric and Eochaid's reigns. His reign lasted for 11 years when he died in 900. He was succeeded by Constantine II, even though he had 2 children. Malcolm I of Scotland and NN mac Causantin.
Death
It is unknown how Donald died but it happened in 900, 11 years after the start of his reign.
Marriage?
Donald possibly married Sigurda Mac Causantin sometime between 880-900 giving him his 2 children, 1 of whom would go on to rule Alba later on.
Siegbert Tarrasch

Siegbert Tarrasch (Breslau, now Wroclaw, 5 March 1862 - Munich, 17 February 1934) was a German doctor, and one of the strongest chess grandmasters of the day.
Tarrasch was born in Breslau, in Prussian Silesia. He left in 1880 to study medicine, and qualified as a physician. He lived most of his life in Nuremberg, Bavaria, and later in Munich. Tarrasch was born Jewish, and converted to Christianity in 1909. He was a patriotic German, who lost a son in World War I, but he faced antisemitism in the early stages of Nazism.
Tarrasch won more strong tournaments in the 1890s than any other player, and drew a 22-game match against Mikhail Chigorin, the leading Russian player. Tarrasch was also an influential chess writer, who summarised the chess ideas of the 1890s. It was his ideas against which the hypermoderns reacted in the early 1920s.p411
Occupied with his profession, Tarrasch did not challenge Steinitz, and turned down the young Emanuel Lasker's request for a match. This turned out to be a mistake, for Lasker then challended Steinitz, and won the world chess championship. Later Tarrasch unsuccessfully challenged Lasker for the world championship, in 1908. He was by then past his best, though he continued to play in tournaments for many years. His best result in later years was to reach the final pool in the strong St. Petersburg 1914 tournament. He came fourth, behind Lasker, Capablanca and Alekhine.
Chess author
Tarrasch was a highly esteemed chess writer. His Dreihundert Schachpartien (1895; 300 chess games) was a landmark; it was the first 'best game collection' with in-depth annotations. The notes were readable and could be understood by ordinary players. This led to his being described as the praeceptor mundi, which is Latin for 'teacher of the world'. The book was called by the American grandmaster Reuben Fine "One of the monuments of our game".f/w
Tarrasch regularly wrote tournament reports and notes for games in the Deutsch Schachzeitung, the German-language chess magazine. These annotations were read throughout the world, since that was the leading chess magazine of the day.
Moirangmayum

Moirangmayum is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Senate (Jordan)

The Senate of Jordan is the upper house of the Jordanian parliament which, along with the House of Representatives forms the legislature of Jordan.
All the Senate members of the country are chosen by the king of Jordan, but must follow the terms from Constitution of Jordan. The Speaker of the Senate has a term of two years which can be renewed. A Member of the Senate though has a term of four years which can also be renewable as well.
The decisions they make are determined by the number of votes, not including the Speaker. But if there is a tie in the votes the Speaker may take a vote.
Irene Hirano

Irene Hirano Inouye (nee Yasutake; October 7, 1948 - April 7, 2020) was an American business executive. She was a sansei, or a third-generation Japanese-American. She was the founding president of the U.S.-Japan Council from 2009 until her death in 2020. She also served as president and founding chief executive officer of the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles, California from 1988 to 2008.
Hirano was born in Los Angeles. She married Hawaii Senator Daniel Inouye in 2008. The couple were together until Inouye's death in 2012. Hirano died of leiomyosarcoma on April 7, 2020, in Los Angeles. She was 71.
Goaria language

Goaria is a Marwari Rajasthani language spoken by some 25,000 people in Sindh Province, of Pakistan. The people are predominantly Hindu, and use the Hindi language for worship.
Fenrir

In Norse mythology, Fenrir (Old Norse: "he who dwells in the marshes"), also known as Fenrisulfr (Old Norse: "Fenrir's wolf"), or Vanargand ("Monster of the River Van"), is a giant, monstrous wolf, son of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, and the brother of Hel and Jormungandr.
Fenrir was tied up by the gods but was destined to break free from his bonds and devour Odin during Ragnarok, after which he is killed by Odin's son, Vidarr.
Fenrir has two sons, Hati ('hate') and Skoll.
The Legend of Fenrir
Odin found out about a prophecy that the children of Loki and Angora would cause trouble for the gods. He had Fenrir brought to him along with its brother Jormungandr and its sister Hel.
After throwing Jormungandr into the sea and sending Hel into the land of the dead, Odin had the wolf raised among the AEsir. Only the god Tyr was brave enough to feed the growing monster. The wolf got stronger and stronger. The gods were scared that he would eventually destroy them. They tried to chain it up. He agreed to be chained two times. Both times he easily broke the chains.
Odin had the dwarfs make the chain Gleipnir ("deceiver" or "entangler"). It looked like a silken ribbon but was made of six magical ingredients: the sound of a cat's step, the beard of a woman, the roots of a mountain, bear's sensibility, fish's breath, and bird's spittle.
The gods challenged Fenrir to break this chain as well. The wolf saw how thin and well made Gleipnir was and thought it was a trick. He agreed to try and break the chain, but only if one of the gods would put his hand in the wolf's mouth. He believed this would force them to free him if he could not break the chain. Only Tyr was willing to put his hand in the wolf's mouth. Fenrir tried to break the chain. The more he tried, the tighter the chain held him. When the gods would not free him, the wolf bit off Tyr's hand at the wrist.
It is said that at Ragnarok, the wolf will break free. He will join forces with the enemies of the gods and will then eat Odin. After that Vidarr, Odin's son, will slay the wolf to avenge his father's death.