kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Ian Armstrong (politician)

Ian Morton Armstrong (17 July 1937 - 16 December 2020) was an Australian politician. He was the Deputy Premier of New South Wales from 1993 to 1995. He was a member of the Parliament of New South Wales from 1981 to 2007. Armstrong was a member of the National Party.
Armstrong died on 16 December 2020 at the age of 83.
Kim Hyo-won

Kim Hyo-won (, Hanja Jin Xiao Yuan , 1532 1590), was a Korean scholar, writer, politician, and Neo-Confucian philosopher of the Joseon period.
Yasukazu Hamada

is a Japanese politician. He is the Minister of Defense since August 2022. He was in this role before from 2008 to 2009. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He is also in the House of Representatives since 1993.
Bicentenaria

Bicentenaria is a genus of carnivorous coelurosaurian theropods which lived during the early Upper Cretaceous (about 90 million years ago) in what is now Argentina. It contains only the type species, Bicentenaria argentina. Estimates suggest that it was in length. This name was first reported in June 2012.
The small carnivore is an early relative of the much later giant Tyrannosaurus.
Kanuites

Kanuites is an extinct genus of viverrid carnivore. It lived in Africa, during the Miocene epoch. The viverrids are a group of civet cats, and the group is rather cat-like in its form and life-style.
Description
Kanuites was about long, and looked very similar to modern genets. It was probably an omnivore and may have had retractable claws, like a feline. It may have lived in trees for part of its life.
Roberto Alagna

Roberto Alagna (born near Paris, 7 June 1963) is a French operatic tenor.
Alagna's family came from Sicily. He was born in Clichy-sous-Bois, Seine-Saint-Denis, near Paris, France in 1963. When he was a teenager he started singing pop music in Paris cabarets. Later he started to sing in operas. He won the Luciano Pavarotti Voice Competition. He started to sing professionally in 1988 singing the part of Alfredo Germont in Giuseppe Verdi's La Traviata with the Glyndebourne touring opera
Soon he was being asked to sing all over the world in opera houses such as La Scala, Covent Garden and the Metropolitan Opera. His performances of Romeo in Romeo and Juliet by Charles Gounod at Covent Garden in 1994 made him a great international star. When he sang that role on 15 December 2007 at the Metropolitan Opera with Anna Netrebko as Juliet the performance was broadcast by the Met into 447 theaters worldwide in high definition and seen by about 97,000 people.
Personal life
Alagna's first wife, Florence Lancien, died of a brain tumor in 1994; they had one daughter, Ornella, who was born in 1992. In 1996 he married the Romanian soprano Angela Gheorghiu. They often performed together in operas. However, they separated in 2009.
Biel, Valais

Biel is a village and former municipality in the canton of Valais, Switzerland.
On 1 January 2001 the former municipalities of Biel, Ritzingen and Selkingen merged into the new municipality of Grafschaft.
Glasscock County, Texas

Glasscock County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 1,116 people lived there. The county seat is Garden City.
Le Pellerin

Le Pellerin is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Lauraguel

Lauraguel is a commune of 609 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Gill

Gills are what fish, amphibians, and some other animals use to breathe in water. They have feathery parts which cause water to move across the animal's body, which contains dissolved oxygen, after the animal has swallowed the water. The oxygen is absorbed into the animal's blood, causing carbon dioxide moves out of the animal's blood and into the water through the gills.
Fish and frog gills are hidden on the sides of their heads. Sharks have many gills slits on their necks. Baby salamanders have gills that stick out like leaves from their heads.
In mushrooms, gills are the spore-bearing structure in agarics (gilled mushrooms) while fish and some young amphibians use them to get oxygen others breath.
Some insects that live in water have a plastron, which is a kind of gill. It is a patch of special hairs that keeps the water away from the insect's spiracles. This allows them to continue to take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide while they are under water.
Shawinigan

Shawinigan is a city on the Saint-Maurice River in Quebec, Canada. In 2011, 50060 people lived there.
Michel Angers was elected as mayor in the 2009 municipal election.
The name of the city has also been spelled different over periods of time: Chaouinigane, Oshaouinigane, Assaouinigane, Achawenegan, Chawinigame, Shawenigane, Chaouenigane and could either mean "portage", "portage of beeches", "angular portage" or "summit" or "crest".
Prime counting function

In mathematics, the prime counting function is the function counting the number of prime numbers less than or equal to some real number x. It is written as , but it is not related to the number p. Some key values of the function include , and .
In general, if stands for the n-th prime number, then .
Abel Laudonio

Abel Ricardo Laudonio (30 August 1938 - 12 August 2014) was an Argentine boxer. He competed in the Lightweight division during his career as an beginner. Laudonio won a Lightweight Bronze Medal at the 1960 Rome Olympic Games as a Member of the Argentine Olympic Team.
Laudonio turned pro in 1961 and challenged Nicolino Locche for the South American lightweight title, but lost a decision.
In 2004, Laudonio was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. In 2009, he suffered a stroke. Laudonio died in Buenos Aires, Argentina from a stroke, aged 75.
Kunytjanu, South Australia

Kunytjanu (commonly written Kuntjanu) is an Aboriginal outstation and waterhole in northwestern South Australia. It is serviced from the community of Pipalyatjara to the north. It is located on the road between Pipalyatjara and Watarru. The outstation was established in 1975, along with Iltur, Walytjatjata, Kunamata and several others that used Pipalyatjara as a base. It received a grant for development from the government in 1978.
The area around Kunytjanu is connected with several Dreamings. The waterhole itself is associated with the , the Dreaming of the water-snake or Rainbow Serpent.
Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – triathlon

The triathlon events at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letna Stadium. It was the first time of a combined track and field event at the Women's World Games. The triathlon event consisted on 100 metres, high jump and javelin throw competitions. The event concluded on 8 September 1930.
Entrants
In August 1930 entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the thriathlon event.
Results
Overall results
On 8 September, after all three the events.
Rule

Rule can mean:
A means of measurement (such as a slide rule.)
A law or regulation.
A precedent or conclusion drawn from experiments.
Musselshell County, Montana

Musselshell County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 4,538 people. Its county seat is Roundup. It was created in 1911.
Nargis Fakhri

Nargis Fakhri (born 20 October 1979) is an American model and actress who acts in Indian films. She has appeared on America's Next Top Model. Fakhri started her acting career in the 2011 Bollywood film Rockstar. She went on to star in the Bollywood films Madras Cafe (2013), Main Tera Hero (2014), and had a supporting role in the Hollywood film Spy (2015).
Sargans

Sargans is a municipality in Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. As of December 2016, 6,063 people lived there.
Sargans is known for its castle, which dates from before the founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291.
Langeberg Local Municipality

Langeberg Municipality (before 28 August 2009, Breede River/Winelands Local Municipality) is a local municipality located within the Cape Winelands District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. As of 2011 it had a population of 97,724.
Kameyama, Mie

is a Japanese city in Mie Prefecture on the island of Honshu.
History
In the Edo period, Kameyama-juku, Seki-juku and Sakanoshita-juku were the 46th, 47th and 48th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (shuku-eki) along the Tokaido road which connected Edo and Kyoto. All three Tokaido rest stops are within the boundaries of modern Numazu.
Ethan Cutkosky

Ethan Francis Cutkosky (born August 19, 1999) is an American actor and singer, best known for his roles as Barto in The Unborn and as Carl Gallagher on the Showtime series Shameless.
Kiyomitsu Kobari

Kiyomitsu Kobari (born 12 June 1977) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.
Jurong East MRT station

Jurong East Station (NS1/EW24) is an MRT station in Singapore. It is an interchange station along North South MRT Line and East West MRT Line. The station is a terminus for the North South MRT Line, and is currently the only elevated station to have triple island platforms.
History
This station was opened on 5 November 1988. The Branch MRT Line was opened on 10 March 1990, and it merged with North South MRT Line on 10 February 1996. The station code was originally W9. Two additional platforms were opened on 27 May 2011.
Cameroon (sheep)

The Cameroon () is a domesticated breed of sheep from west Africa which has been exported to Europe. As of 2008, there were less than 650 but the population was increasing.
Characteristics
The Cameroon is a hair sheep which it sheds yearly in the spring. Ewes can raise two lamb crops per year. Their most common color is brown with a black belly, head, and legs.
Bridge Creek, Oklahoma

Bridge Creek is a small town in Grady County in the US state of Oklahoma. As of the 2006 US census, about 340 people lived there.
History
Bridge Creek was made a town in 2000. It is part of an area of northern McClain and Grady Counties sometimes called the "Tri-City Area" with Newcastle, Tuttle and Blanchard.
DWAO-TV

DWAO-TV (channel 37) is a television station in Metro Manila, Philippines, serving as the flagship of UNTV News and Rescue/Public Service (formerly UNTV-37 and UNTV Life). Owned and operated by the Progressive Broadcasting Corporation, owned by Alfredo "Atom" Henares. It is maintained by the Breakthrough and Milestones Productions International, headed by veteran broadcaster Daniel Razon. the station maintains studios at the La Verdad Christian College - Caloocan Building, 351 EDSA, Brgy. Bagong Barrio West, Caloocan, and its hybrid analog and digital transmitter facility is located at Emerald Hills, Sumulong Highway, Antipolo.
Digital television
Digital channels
UHF Channel 38 (617.143 MHz)
Areas of coverage
Primary areas
Metro Manila
Cavite
Bulacan
Laguna
Secondary areas
Portion of Rizal
Portion of Pampanga
Portion of Nueva Ecija
Satellite broadcast
UNTV can be received via satellite in the Philippines and other countries in Asia, Australia, Middle East, Europe and Africa.
Pay television
Internet streaming
UNTV can be received via online streaming through its website or by encoding the network's streaming link URL in the VLC Media Player installed on personal computers and mobile devices.
Mobile application
In 2013, BMPI launched the UNTV Mobile App for Apple iOS, Google Android and Windows mobile and tablet devices. By downloading the mobile application, users with stable internet connection will be able to watch the broadcast feed of UNTV News and Rescue and listen to UNTV Radio La Verdad 1350 kHz for free.
Richard Hammond

Richard Mark Hammond (born 19 December 1969) is an English journalist, presenter and writer. He is best known for co-hosting the BBC Two motoring series Top Gear from 2002 until 2015 with Jeremy Clarkson and James May. In 2016, he started presenting The Grand Tour with Clarkson and May. Hammond has also presented Brainiac: Science Abuse (2003-2008), Total Wipeout (2009-2012) and Planet Earth Live (2012).
Hammond was born on 19 December 1969 in Solihull, Warwickshire. He is married to Amanda "Mindy" Hammond. The couple have two daughters, Isabella "Izzy" (born 2001) and Willow (born 2004).
Mobile, Alabama

Mobile () (pronunciation) is the third most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and is the county seat of Mobile County. The population within the city limits was 198,915 as of the 2000 census. It is at the head of Mobile Bay. Mobile is the principal municipality of the Mobile Metropolitan Statistical Area, a region of 399,843 residents which is composed solely of Mobile County and is the second largest MSA in the state. Mobile is included in the Mobile-Daphne-Fairhope Combined Statistical Area with a total population of 540,258, the second largest CSA in the state.
Barrie Keeffe

Barrie Colin Keeffe (31 October 1945 - 10 December 2019) was an English dramatist and screenwriter. He was best known for his screenplay for the 1980 movie The Long Good Friday. In 2010, his screenplay for Sus was one of his last works.
Keeffe died on 10 December 2019 in London after a short-illness, aged 74.
Les Ilhes

Les Ilhes is a commune of 52 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
John E. Cunningham

John Edward "Jack" Cunningham III (born March 27, 1931) is an American politician. He is a former Republican U.S. Representative from Washington's seventh district.
Cunningham served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1973 to 1975, and in the Washington Senate from 1975 to 1977.
Cunningham was elected as a Republican to the seventh district vacancy in a special election when U.S. Representative Brock Adams resigned to become Secretary of Transportation. However his victory in this extremely liberal district was more the result of confusion with Adams resignation. Cunningham lost reelection in 1978, and served from May 17, 1977 - January 3, 1979.
Governor-General of Pakistan

The Governor-General of Pakistan was the resident representative of King George VI in Pakistan from 1947 to 1952 and then Queen Elizabeth II ("Queen of Pakistan") from 1952 until 1956 when Pakistan was proclaimed a republic.
When Pakistan became an independent, self-governing nation in 1947, it, like post-independent India, provisionally continued to use the Government of India Act 1935, as its written constitution until a post-independence constitution could be drafted; by default this contemplated the continuation of the constitutional monarchy as a Commonwealth realm Dominion.
The monarch appointed a Governor-General, upon the advice of the Prime Minister of Pakistan to serve as de facto Head of State.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, considered Quaid-e-Azam ("Great Leader"), informed Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma: "when I am Governor-General the Prime Minister will do what I tell him to" -- however Jinnah's rapidly declining health made the issue moot.
After Jinnah's death the Governor-General of Pakistan continued to serve a larger role than the India Act prescribed, dismissing multiple Prime Ministers and consolidating power.
The office of Governor-General was replaced by the office of President of Pakistan when Pakistan became a republic in 1956. The then Governor-General, Iskander Mirza, became Pakistan's first president.
Martha Chase

Martha Cowles Chase (November 30, 1927 - August 8, 2003), also known as Martha C. Epstein, was an American geneticist known for having experimentally showed in 1952 (with Alfred Hershey) that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material of life.
Early Life and Education
Chase was born in 1927 in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1950 she received her bachelor's degree from the College of Wooster. In 1964 Chase received her PhD from the University of Southern California.
Research and Later Life
In 1952 Chase was a young laboratory assistant to American bacteriophage expert Alfred Hershey at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory at the Carnegie Institution for Science. This was where the well-known Hershey-Chase experiment was performed. The experiment , otherwise known as the 'blender experiment' showed that it was DNA, and not protein, that was the genetic material through which traits were inherited.
A series of personal setbacks through the 1960s ended Chase's career in science. She spent decades suffering from a form of dementia that affected her short-term memory. She died of pneumonia on August 8, 2003, at the age of 75.
Key paper
Hershey, A. D. and Martha Chase. "Independent Functions of Viral Protein and Nucleic Acid in Growth of Bacteriophage." J. Gen. Physiol., 36 (1): 39-56. September 20, 1952.
Sainte-Maure

Sainte-Maure is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Chehalis, Washington

Chehalis ( ) is a city in Lewis County, Washington, United States. The population was 7,259 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Lewis County.
Józef Grudzień

Jozef Grudzien (1 April 1939 - 17 June 2017) was a Polish boxer.
Grudzien was born in Piasek Wielki, Poland. He won two medals at the Olympic Games: gold in the Lightweight division at Tokyo 1964 and silver at Mexico City 1968. He also twice won medals at the European Amateur Boxing Championships, silver at East Berlin 1965 and gold at Rome 1967.
He was the winner of the Aleksander Reksza Boxing Award 1991.
Mark Szaranek

Mark Szaranek (16 August 1995) is a Scottish swimmer. Mark competed in the British team in the Men's 200 meter and 400 meter Individual medley events at the 2017 World Championships in Budapest.
Tropical Storm Hermine (2010)

Tropical Storm Hermine (also known as Tropical Depression 11-E in the eastern Pacific) was an unusual basin crossing tropical cyclone. The storm struck near Salina Cruz, Mexico before weakening into a low pressure system. It moved north, became Tropical Storm Hermine, intensified and then struck northeastern Mexico. Hermine continued north into Texas and Oklahoma, where it then fizzled out. From Guatemala to Oklahoma, the cyclone killed over 100 people and caused $740 million in damage, 240 million in the United States. Despite the devastation, the name Hermine wasn't retired.
Protozoa

Protozoa are microorganisms. They are single-celled heterotrophic eukaryotes, which eat bacteria and other food sources.
It is an old term, and the wider term protist is generally preferred today. However, 'protozoa' is often used for convenience, especially in junior education. It is a convenient hold-all term, and most systems of taxonomy classify 'protozoa' into several different phyla.
The term is problematic because modern biochemical and genetic techniques show that it includes several quite different kinds of cells. They are found only in moist or aquatic habitats. Many protozoan species are symbionts, some are parasites, and some are predators of soil bacteria and algae. About 30,000 protozoan species are known. The study of protists is called "protistology".
Middleton, Nova Scotia

Middleton is a Canadian town in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia.
Ricardinho (footballer, born May 1976)

Ricardinho (born 23 May 1976) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Atletico Mineiro.
Human rights in Armenia

Human rights in Armenia tend to be better than those in most former Soviet Republics and have drawn closer to acceptable standards, especially economically. Still, there are several considerable problems.
LGBT rights in Armenia
Homosexuality has been legal in Armenia since 2003. However, even though it has been decriminalized, the situation of local lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) citizens has not changed substantially. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Armenia have yet to be claimed and acquired. Homosexuality remains a taboo topic in parts of Armenian society as the nation trails other European nations in promoting LGBT rights. There is, moreover, no legal protection for LGBT persons whose human rights are violated regularly.
Beardsley, Minnesota

Beardsley is a city in Big Stone County, Minnesota, United States.
Planetary differentiation

In planetary science, planetary differentiation is the process of separating out different parts of a planetary body where the planetary body develops into distinct layers. The denser materials of a planet sink to the center, while less dense materials rise to the surface. Such a process usually creates a core and mantle. Sometimes a crust forms on top of the mantle. The process of planetary differentiation has happened on planets, dwarf planets, the asteroid 4 Vesta, and natural satellites (such as the Moon).
Allison Mack

Allison Mack (born July 29, 1982) is an American actress. She played Chloe Sullivan in the television series Smallville. She played Kate Jacobs in the television series Opposite Sex.
Mack was born in Preetz, West Germany to American parents.
Mack was arrested by the FBI in Brooklyn on April 20, 2018, on charges of sex trafficking, sex trafficking conspiracy and forced labor conspiracy. On June 30, 2021, she was sentenced to three years in prison. On July 3, 2023, she was released.
Alteglofsheim

Alteglofsheim is a municipality in Regensburg in Bavaria in Germany.
Khuman dynasty

The Khuman dynasty () is one of the seven ruling clan dynasties in Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak). It was subjugated under the Ningthouja dynasty in the end of the 14th century AD. The theory of the formation of the Khuman dynasty has both historic as well as mythical aspects. It was one of the three most powerful dynasties, the others being Ningthouja dynasty (Mangang dynasty) and Luwang dynasty.
Marielle Franco

Marielle Francisco da Silva, known as Marielle Franco, (27 July 1979 - 14 March 2018) was a Brazilian politician, feminist, and human rights activist. She was on the city council of Rio de Janeiro from January 2017 until she was assassinated on 14 March 2018. She was part of the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL).
Franco spoke out against Brazilian police hurting and killing people, as well as the recent federal intervention by Brazilian president Michel Temer in the state of Rio de Janeiro which resulted in the use of the army in police operations.
Parent

Parents are the mother and father or caretaker of their offspring.
In humans, a parent is the mother or the father figure of a child. They are either biologically or legally related to the person. When parents separate and choose who takes care of a child it is called custody. Parents who fail in their duty may be guilty of child abuse.
John Bercow

John Simon Bercow (surname pronounce BER-COE; born 19 January 1963) is a British politician who was the Speaker of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 2009 through 2019. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Buckingham.
Biography
John Bercow was active in the Conservative Party from a young age and was a Conservative councillor, for Lambeth, from 1986 to 1990. He stood as a candidate to become an MP at the 1987 and 1992 General Elections but was not successful. At the 1997 General Election, Bercow was elected the Conservative MP for Buckingham. He served in the shadow cabinets of Iain Duncan Smith and Michael Howard. After the Speaker Michael Martin resigned on 22 June 2009, Bercow was elected as the Speaker.
Bercow is the first Jewish Speaker. He is the first Speaker not to wear traditional court robes while presiding over the House of Commons.
But, along with tradition, Bercow does now display his coat of arms at Speaker's House.
On 9 September 2019, Bercow told the House of Commons that he would stand down on 31 October, or at the next general election, whichever occurs first. He officially left the office on 4 November 2019.
In 2021, Bercow became a member of the Labour Party, saying that Boris Johnson's leadership was making his old party "reactionary, populist, nationalistic and sometimes even xenophobic".
Campertogno

Campertogno is a comune in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Anytime You Need a Friend

"Anytime You Need a Friend" is a 1994 song by Mariah Carey and is the fifth and final single from her third studio album Music Box. It went to number 1 in Finland, number 5 in Canada and New Zealand, number 7 in Panama, number 8 in the United Kingdom, number 9 in Iceland, number 11 in the Netherlands, number 12 in Australia, France, Scotland and the United States, number 13 in Belgium, number 15 in Switzerland, number 16 in Ireland, number 25 in Austria, number 34 in Japan and number 41 in Germany.
Track listings
Austrian CD maxi-single
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (album version) - 4:36
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Soul Convention Remix) - 4:51
European 7-inch vinyl
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (album version) - 4:26
"Music Box" - 4:57
European CD maxi-single
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (album version) - 4:36
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (C+C radio mix) - 4:14
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Soul Convention Remix) - 4:51
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (C+C club version) - 10:53
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Dave's Empty Pass) - 10:54
Canadian and US CD maxi-single 1
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Soul Convention Remix) - 4:51
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Stringapella) - 4:49
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (album version) - 4:36
"Music Box" - 4:57
Canadian and US CD maxi-single 2
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (C+C club version) - 10:53
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Ministry of Sound Mix) - 9:45
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Dave's Empty Pass) - 10:54
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (7-inch mix) - 6:59
Anytime You Need a Friend EP
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (C+C radio mix) - 4:14
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (C+C club version) - 10:53
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (C+C extended mix) - 8:18
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (C+C dub) - 10:19
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Boriqua Tribe Mix) - 9:16
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (All That and More Mix) - 10:54
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Soul Convention Remix) - 4:51
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Ministry of Sound Mix) - 9:45
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (7-inch mix) - 6:59
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Dave's Empty Pass) - 10:54
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Anytime edit) - 4:45
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (video edit) - 6:10
"Anytime You Need a Friend" (Stringapella) - 4:49
Sagarmatha Zone

Sagarmatha () was one of the fourteen zones in Nepal. It included mountain districts of the Himalayas (including Mount Everest) in the north, hill districts in the center, and valley districts of the Terai in the south. It was bordered by China to the north, India to the south, the Koshi Zone to the east and the Janakpur Zone to the west. The main city of the Sagarmatha Zone was Rajbiraj which is also the headquarters.
Paraffin (disambiguation)

Paraffin can be:
Substances
Paraffin
Paraffin wax, a white or colorless soft solid that is used as a lubricant and for other applications
Liquid paraffin (drug), a very highly refined mineral oil used in cosmetics and for medical purposes
Alkane, a saturated hydrocarbon
Kerosene, a fuel that is also known as paraffin
Mineral oil, any of various colorless, odorless, light mixtures of alkanes in the C15 to C40 range from a non-vegetable (mineral) source, particularly a distillate of petroleum
Petroleum jelly, also called soft paraffin
Tractor vaporizing oil, a fuel for petrol-paraffin engines
Other uses
Paraffin - WiX command-line tool, a free software toolset that builds Windows Installer (MSI) packages from an XML document
Jocelyn Tseng

Jocelyn Tseng (born March 14, 1986) is an American rugby union player. She played for the United States women's national rugby union team at the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup.
She played for Stanford University.
Rocco Petrone

Rocco Anthony Petrone (March 31, 1926 - August 24, 2006) was an American mechanical engineer, U.S. Army officer and NASA official. He was director of launch operations at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) from 1966 to 1969. He was third director of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center from 1973 to 1974. He retired from NASA in 1975.
1986 United States bombing of Libya

The bombing of Libya by the United States in 1986 was codenamed Operation El Dorado Canyon. It was a series of airstrikes against Libya on 15 April 1986 ordered by President Ronald Reagan. The attack was made by the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps. It was in response to the bombing of a discotheque in Berlin, West Germany. It was reported that 40 Libyans were killed. One U.S. plane was shot down, killing two soldiers.
Clue (movie)

Clue is a 1985 American mystery comedy movie directed by first time director Jonathan Lynn and was based on the board game Cluedo. It stars Tim Curry, Christopher Lloyd, Eileen Brennan, Madeline Kahn, Michael McKean, Martin Mull, Lesley Ann Warren, Lee Ving and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It did poorly at box office and has become a cult classic.
Eric Holcomb

Eric Holcomb (born May 2, 1968) is an American politician. He currently serves as the 51st Governor of Indiana. He previously served as the 51st Lieutenant Governor of Indiana. He was nominated to fill the remainder of Sue Ellspermann's term. Ellspermann resigned on March 2, 2016 to become president of Ivy Tech Community College. He is a member of the Republican Party, and successfully ran for Governor of Indiana in the 2016 election.
Mumeno Matsushita

was an author and the spouse of the founder of Panasonic, Konosuke Matsushita who helped to establish the company. Her younger brother is Toshio Iue who founded Sanyo.
Publications
2014,6 January
1311

Events
March 15 - At the Battle of Halmyros, the Catalan Company beats Walter V of Brienne to take the Duchy of Athens.
Bolingbroke Castle gets into the House of Lancaster.
Maverick (TV series)

Maverick is an American western television series. It stars James Garner, Jack Kelly, Roger Moore, Robert Colbert, and Efrem Zimbalist, Jr.. It ran from September 1957 to April 1962.
Burrito

A burrito is a traditional Mexican dish. It is based on a tortilla filled with foods such as meat, beans or cheese. In the United States, however, there are usually several ingredients. They use foods such as Mexican rice, beans, lettuce, salsa (such as pico de gallo), meat (such as carne asada), avocado, cheese, and sour cream.
Plummet

Plummet is an American trance musical group. They are from Orlando, Florida. The members of the group are producer/remixer Eric B. Muniz (aka DJ X) and female singer Cheramy Burgess.
They became well knon in 2001 with their cover version of Plumb's "Damaged". It became a hit in Europe. The song got to number 12 in the UK Singles Chart.
The group also had success in the United States. Their covers of Sade's "Cherish The Day" in 2004, and Paul Simon's "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover" became hits on the Billboard Hot Dance Airplay chart. "Cherish The Day" also reached #35 in the UK chart.
Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa

His Royal Highness Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa (20 November 1935 - 11 November 2020) was a Bahraini royal and politician. He was the unelected 1st Prime Minister of Bahrain from 1971 until his death in 2020. He was the longest-serving prime minister in the world.
Khalifa is the uncle of the King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.
Khalifa died at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota on 11 November 2020, just two weeks before his 85th birthday.
Ragnarok Online

Ragnarok Online is an online computer game. It was made by Gravity Corp. It is a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game. The game was first released in 2002.
Henry Haller

Henry Haller (January 10, 1923 - November 7, 2020) was a Swiss-American chef. He served as Executive Chef of the White House from 1966 to 1987. He served under the presidencies of Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. He retired on October 1, 1987.
Haller was born in Altdorf, Switzerland. He studied as an apprentice at hotels and ski resorts in Bern, Davos and Lucerne. He married Carole Itjem in the 1950s. They had four children. Haller died on November 7, 2020 in Rockville, Maryland at the age of 97.
BK Häcken

BK Hacken is an association football club on the island of Hisingen in the town of Gothenburg in Sweden.
The men's soccer team won the Swedish Cup during the seasons of 2015-2016, 2018-2019 and 2022-23. It also won the 2022 edition of Allsvenskan and became Swedish champions for first time.
Shaka Sankofa

Shaka Sankofa aka Gary Graham born Gary Lee Graham (September 5, 1963 - June 22, 2000). Sankofa was put to death for the murder of fifty-three year-old Bobby Lambert in Houston, Texas on May 13, 1981. The murder happened when Sankofa was seventeen.
Sankofa was found guilty of shooting Lambert in the parking lot of a Houston supermarket. He told police that he had done ten robberies that week, but did not kill Lambert. The government believed he has done as many as 22 robberies which had happened in that area during that time. One of these included Graham using a shotgun to rob a man who Graham gave a ride to when the man's car stopped working on the highway. During that robbery, the man tried to escape and was shot by Graham but he did live. While there was no physical evidence to link Graham to the murder, one woman was in the parking lot at the time and saw him do it. She said she heard the gunshot and turned on the lights of her car. She saw Graham as he started running and followed him out of the parking lot with her car. There were several other people inside the store but none of them saw the shooting. Sankofa's supporters brought his case international attention, aruging that his conviction was based on the testimony of a single eyewitness who said she saw him for a few seconds in the dark parking lot committing the murder
and she was 30 feet away from the murder scene. The jury did not hear testimony from six other apparent eyewitnesses who believed that Sankofa was not the killer.
Sankofa put to death after many legal tries by his lawyers to stop it. These including an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. By a vote of 5 to 4, the Supreme Court refused to stop the execution. Sankofa's lawyers also filed a civil suit saying the execution was against his civil rights. District Court Judge James Nowlin rejected that claim.
Controversy
Many people believe that Sankofa did not kill Lambert. They believe that his lawyers did not do a good job because they thought he was guilty. Sankofa was put to death on an evidence of one person alone. None of the people that saw the man in the store and said this man was 6 inches shorter and thinner than Sankofa were used in the court case. Sankofa's lawyer at the time of his execution believed that the only person who saw the crime was not to be trusted because of how the police dealt with how she identified him. A gun found with Graham when he was arrested a week later was not the murder weapon. Most controversial of all is the fact that weapon used to kill Lambert did not produce any Gary Graham's fingerprints.
Some groups still claim he did not do this crime. Sankofa's supporters brought his case international attention. They also say that it is against international law to put someone to death for a crime they did before they became an adult of 18 years of age.
Such unprecedented convictions based on sole witness are rare but they happen in USA, other known example was Larry Griffin who was executed in 1991.
There are groups to this day trying to clear Shaka of murder.
Church of Pakistan

The Church of Pakistan is a united church in Pakistan, which is part of the Anglican Communion and also a member church of the World Methodist Council. It was established in 1970 with a union of Anglicans, Scottish Presbyterians (Church of Scotland), United Methodists, and Lutherans.
Dioceses
The Church is divided into eight administrative and organisational units, called dioceses. Each diocese has a number of parishes within its jurisdiction. Each diocese is presided over by a bishop, who sits at the diocesan head office, usually located in the district capital.
Ulster Volunteer Force

The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is a loyalist paramilitary (civilians trained as soldiers) group based in Northern Ireland. It was formed in 1966. Its name comes from the UVF of World War I. The Ulster Volunteer Force was started as a Protestant/Unionist militia (citizen military force) in 1912 to oppose the Home Rule campaign for a separate Irish parliament. Many UVF members formed the 36th (Ulster) Division that fought with the British Army in World War I. The Progressive Unionist Party is the political wing of the outlawed Ulster Volunteer Force and Red Hand Commando. Although the PUP is called a loyalist fringe party, it has more moderate unionist views than any of the traditional unionist parties.
Crimes
During the Troubles in Northern Ireland (1969-1998), the UVF carried out many attacks:
In 1971, they bombed McGurk's Bar in Belfast which was in a mostly Catholic area of the city. The blast killed 15 Catholics and destroyed the building.
In 1974, they placed three car bombs in the centre of Dublin and another in Monaghan, which were deliberately exploded at rush hour to kill as many people as possible. The bombs killed 33 people and injured over 300, making it the worst atrocity of the conflict.
In 1975, they shot dead three members of the Miami Showband, a popular showband from Dublin, as they were travelling home from doing a show in County Down, Northern Ireland.
In 1994, they attacked a bar in Loughinisland County Down and fired on the customers. The attack killed six Catholics and injured five others.
Following the murder of a Catholic taxi driver in Portadown in July 1996, the Mid-Ulster Brigade of the UVF was expelled. They immediately set up the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF).
Ceasefire and decommissioning
After a continuous campaign of 28 years, the UVF called a ceasefire in October 1994. They stated in October 2007 that they had ended their campaign and in June 2009 they announced they had decommissioned (destroyed their weapons), however the UVF have been involved in a number of incidents since then, which has put the announcement in doubt.
Deaths as a result of campaign
From the organization's creation in 1966 and ending of campaign in 2007, the UVF were responsible for at least 400 murders, however it is believed the actual figure is closer to 1,000. The UVF stated that their mission was to destroy Irish republican paramilitary groups, however over 80% of their victims were Catholic civilians.
Arrondissement of Ussel

The arrondissement of Ussel is an arrondissement of France, in the Correze department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Ussel.
History
When the Correze department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Ussel was part of that original department.
Geography
It is the northernmost arrondissement of the department with an area of . It has 32,898 inhabitants (2014) and a density of inhabitants/km2.
The arrondissement of Ussel is in the northern part of the department and is bordered to the northwest (a small part) by the Haute-Vienne department, to the north by the Creuse department, to the east by the Puy-de-Dome department, to the southeast by the Cantal department, and to the southwest and west by the arrondissement of Tulle.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
Lever-action firearms

Lever-action firearms are guns that hold multiple bullets and are loaded by pulling and pushing a lever at the bottom of the gun.
Lever-action rifles first became important weapons during the American Civil War. Two rifles made during this time were the Henry and Spencer rifles. They fired much more quickly and could be loaded much faster than muzzleloading rifles. However, their use was limited because many generals felt that the ability to shoot many bullets without reloading would cause soldiers to shoot with less accuracy. However, after the Civil War, lever-action guns became much more popular. They were popular with not just soldiers, but also with hunters and even civilians. They were so popular that the most famous lever-action rifle, the Winchester Model 1873, was called "the gun that won the West".
Both the militaries of the United States and the Russian Empire used lever-action guns often until the beginning of the 20th century. Even though lever action guns can fire much faster than bolt-action rifles (lever-actions can fire 2 rounds a second in skilled hands,) the bolt-action rifle was chosen to be the main gun for most infantry. This was because bolt-action rifles could easily be fired when soldiers are lying on the ground, but lever-actions cannot do so easily.
Lever-action guns were made for many different types of bullets, both pistol and rifle bullets. Most lever-action guns are rifles, but there are also lever-action shotguns as well. The most famous of these are the Winchester Model 1887.
Douglass, Kansas

Douglass is a city in Butler County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 1,700 people lived there.
History
19th century
The first settlement was founded at Douglass in 1869. Douglass is named after its founder, Joseph W. Douglass, a storeowner who was deadly shot at the town site in 1873 while apprehending a suspected chicken thief. Douglass was incorporated as a city of the third class in 1879.
In 1877, the Florence, El Dorado, and Walnut Valley Railroad Company built a train line from Florence to El Dorado, in 1881 it was extended to Douglass, and later to Arkansas City. The line was leased and operated by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. The line from Florence to El Dorado was abandoned in 1942. The train line connected Florence, Burns, De Graff, El Dorado, Augusta, Douglass, Rock, Akron, Winfield, Arkansas City.
21st century
In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was constructed about 1.8 miles west of Douglass, north to south through Butler County.
Geography
Douglass is at (37.516802, -97.011705).
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Climate
Douglass has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Koppen Climate Classification system says that Douglass has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,700 people, 625 households, and 452 families living in Douglass.
Education
Douglass is part of Douglass USD 396 public school district.
Notable people
Monty Beisel (b1978), football linebacker in NFL.
William Couch (1850-1890), leader of the Oklahoma Boomer Movement and as the first provisional mayor of what became Oklahoma City.
James Durham (1881-1949), pitcher in Major League Baseball.
Phyllis Haver (1899-1960), actress during silent movie era.
George Hill (1895-1934), movie director and cinematographer during silent movie era.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines

Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Haitian Creole: Jan-Jak Desalin; ; 20 September 1758 - 17 October 1806), was one of the leaders of the Haitian Revolution and the first ruler of Independent Haiti under the Constitution of 1805. Jacques would permanently end slavery in Haiti, he was named Emperor of Haiti by the leaders of the Revolution until his assassination in 1806; he is considered one of the founding fathers of Haiti. He is regarded as one of the founding fathers of Haiti.
In an act of genocide, he would provoke the Massacre in Haiti of 1804, where around 3,000 to 5,000 people would die, excluding the Polish Legionaries.
Rocky V

Rocky V is a 1990 American sports drama movie directed by John G. Avildsen and starring Sylvester Stallone, Talia Shire, Burt Young, Sage Stallone, Tony Burton, Tommy Morrison, Burgess Meredith, Richard Gant. It is the sequel to the 1985 movie Rocky IV and is the fifth movie in the Rocky franchise. The movie was distributed by United Artists and was nominated for 7 Razzie Awards in 1991.
Plot summary
Shortly after winning a boxing match against Ivan Drago, Rocky and his family return to the United States. When the family returns home, it is revealed that Paulie had signed a power of attorney over to Rocky's accountant, who sabotaged the family's entire fortune of real estate deals gone sour. In addition, the accountant did not pay Rocky's tax returns within the past known years, and the mortgage on the family's mansion is in debt worth $400,000. When Rocky sees a doctor, it is revealed that he has suffered some brain damage, which forces his to regret his decision to continue boxing and retire.
After selling the mansion and auctioning off some of the belongings, the family has paid off the mortgage debt and moves back to their former site in southern Philadelphia. One day, Rocky meets someone named Tommy Gunn, and agrees to train him. Rocky becomes so fixated on training Tommy that he ends up neglecting his family, especially for his son Robert, who is being harassed in school. Around the holidays, promoter George Washington Duke visits the Balboa residence, which foreshadows Tommy turning his back on Rocky. Rocky reconnects with his family, while Tommy wins the boxing championship against Union Cane. The media condemns Tommy for leaving Rocky, a concept of which Tommy brushes away. Duke recommends Tommy to have a street fight with Rocky, which proves to be the only way of facing a true contender.
Tommy engages Rocky in a street fight with nearby neighbors in support of Rocky. The duel ends in a stalemate, where the police arrest both Tommy and Duke for their actions. Later, Rocky and his son Robert discuss what might come of the future.
2014 North American polar vortex

The 2014 North American polar vortex was a weather system that caused extremely cold weather through Canada and the United States. Freezing temperatures went all the way down to Nashville, Tennessee. Several cities broke records: Chicago O'Hare International Airport set a record on 6 January with a temperature of , beating the record in 1884 and 1988. There were also power failures throughout Canada and United States. One in Newfoundland on 5 January took out the power of 190,000 customers. Almost 24,000 people lost electricity across Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.
In Minnesota, Governor Mark Dayton ordered all schools closed down due to weather. Across Indiana, over fifty of the state's ninety-two counties ordered roads closed to all traffic except emergency vehicles, mostly north of Indianapolis.
Several people were killed because of the extreme weather all across North America.
Interstate 880 (Iowa)

Interstate 880 (I-880) is an Interstate Highway in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, U.S. Its route was created in 2019 from a section of I-680. It follows the same routing as Interstate 80N (I-80N), which originally connected I-29 and I-80 from 1966 to 1973. The highway is long.
USRC Massachusetts

USRC Massachusetts was one of the original ten cutters built and used by the United States Revenue Cutter Service. While not the first USRS cutter to be launched, it was the first to enter active service.
History
Massachusetts was built at Newburyport, MA by shipwright William Searle. She was designed as a schooner. She was rigged with fore-and-aft sails on two masts.
On July 15, 1791 Massachusetts was launched. John Foster Williams was its first master. Her crew consisted of four officers, four enlisted men and two cabin boys. She was long by wide and had a shallow draft of only . Williams ordered an increase in her size without getting approval by the service. This increased her cost over what was originally budgeted. But the government accepted the Massachusetts as changed by Williams.
She had the shortest service life of any of the original ten cutters. The first Massachusetts turned out to be too expensive to operate and was too slow. On 9 October 1792 she was sold. In 1793 she was replaced by a smaller lighter sloop, the Massachusetts II.
Iris (eye)

The iris (plural: irides or irises) is a thin, circular structure in the eye. It controls the diameter and size of the pupils.
Eye colour is the colour of the iris. In humans, the iris may look green, blue, brown, hazel (a combination of light brown, green and gold), grey, violet, or even pink. In response to the amount of light exiting the eye, muscles attached to the iris expand or contract the pupil. The larger the pupil, the more light can enter the eye and reach the retina.