kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Camille

The name Camille [ kuh-mil-uh ] is a usually feminine given name, though there are some males by the name. The name is a French form of the name Camilla. People named Camille include Camille Claudel, a painter. Camille is a name that exudes beauty and elegance and has been favored for centuries. It is a name with a rich history, having been used in various cultures with different interpretations. The name Camille originated from the French language and is derived from the Latin word "camillus," which refers to a young ceremonial attendant. Since the 17th century, it has been a popular name in France and has also gained popularity in other countries worldwide. One of the most well-known individuals named Camille is the French artist Camille Pissarro, who was a prominent figure in the Impressionist movement. He is renowned for his stunning depictions of landscapes and cityscapes. Another famous individual with the name Camille is the French composer Camille Saint-Saens, who was a prolific composer and is most recognized for his opera, Samson and Delilah.
In mid August 1969, Hurricane Camille hit the Gulf Coast States of Mississippi and Alabama, causing heavy damage and killing over two hundred people.
Lars Petrus

Lars Petrus (born in 1960) is a speedcuber from Sweden. He invented a method of solving the Rubik's Cube very quickly. He became the Swedish national champion of speedcubing in 1982. He finished fourth overall at the first official Rubik's Cube World Championships held in Budapest. He later published his own special method, known as the Petrus method, on the internet.
Liev Schreiber

Liev Isaac Schreiber (; born October 4, 1967) is an American actor, producer, director, and screenwriter. He was known for his role in Scream, Phantoms, The Sum of All Fears, X-Men Origins: Wolverine, Salt, Taking Woodstock, and in The Butler.
Schreiber was born on October 4, 1967 in San Francisco, California.
List of cities in Venezuela

This is a list of cities, towns and communities in Venezuela. Capitals of states are marked with a *.
Djurgården

Djurgarden () is an island in the town of Stockholm in Sweden. Attractions here are the amusement park Grona Lund and the open air museum, Skansen.
David Bennett Sr.

David Bennett Sr. (1964 - March 8, 2022) was an American medical patient. He was the first patient to have a xenotransplantation with a genetically modified heart. On January 7, 2022, aged 57, he received the heart of a gene-edited pig. He was born in Maryland.
Bennett died in Baltimore, Maryland on March 8, 2022, at the age of 57.
Disease, transplantation and death
Bennett suffered from advanced heart failure, accompanied by cardiac arrhythmias. Due to insufficient adherence to therapy - among other things, he had not made sufficient efforts to control his blood pressure - the treating physicians saw him as unsuitable for an allotransplantation. There were doubts as to whether, given the very scarce human organs, one should be able to give one to a person whose subsequent compliance was not assured. Therefore, with Bennett's approval, an exemption was sought from the Food and Drug Administration to perform a pig heart transplant.
The procedure took place on January 7, 2022 and was performed by US cardiac surgeon Bartley P. Griffith at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore.
The clinic reported January 10 with video from the operating room and a picture of the isolated pig heart. The patient had survived the typical period of a rapid rejection reaction, was conscious and reflected on his situation. He knows it's "a shot in the dark," but it's his last chance. The clinic quoted him as saying he was looking forward to getting up soon. By January 18, Bennett was off the heart-lung machine and able to communicate with those around him.
One month after the procedure, it was reported that the patient remained bedridden. Attempts were made to mobilize him with physiotherapy. A rejection reaction to the foreign organ had not materialized until then.
Two months after the transplant, Bennett died on March 8, 2022, after his health had deteriorated over a few days.
About two months after Bennett's death, doctors announced that he had been diagnosed with a swine virus. It was also said that it was possible that the virus had been the cause of death. It could also have been silent and had no effect on the patient. A combination with other factors contributing to the cause of death can also be considered.
.ws

.ws is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Samoa. It is administered by SamoaNIC, for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of Samoa.
Volvo B10BLE

Volvo B10BLE is a bus produced by Volvo from 1992 until 2002.
Eduardo Guardia

Eduardo Refinetti Guardia (January 19, 1966 - ) was a Brazilian economist and politician. He was the Finance Minister of Brazil from 2018 to 2019 during the Michel Temer presidency. He was Executive Secretary of the Ministry of Finance from 2016 and 2018 and Secretary of the National Treasury in the early 2000s. In 2019, he became a partner in and the CEO of BTG Pactual Asset management. Guardia was born in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
On April 11, 2022, it was announced that Guardia had died at the age of 56.
2022 NFL Draft

The 2022 NFL Draft was the 87th National Football League's yearly draft and was held from April 28-30, 2022, at the Caesars Forum on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada.
Player selections
The following is the breakdown of the 262 players selected by position:
37 cornerbacks
33 linebackers
28 wide receivers
24 offensive tackles
22 running backs
21 defensive ends
19 safeties
19 offensive guards
19 tight ends
19 defensive tackles
9 quarterbacks
6 centers
4 punters
1 kicker
1 fullback
Trades
In the explanations below, (PD) indicates trades completed prior to the start of the draft (i.e. Pre-Draft), while (D) denotes trades that took place during the 2022 draft.
Paul Badura-Skoda

Paul Badura-Skoda (6 October 1927 - 25 September 2019) was an Austrian pianist, known for his performances on historical instruments.
In 1947 he won first prize in the Austrian Music Competition. Badura-Skoda was a part of the ""Viennese Troika" along with Friedrich Gulda and Jorg Demus. In 1974 he went on a tour in all the large cities in South Africa.
Badura-Skoda was performing works of Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, and also had an extensive repertoire including many works of Chopin and Ravel. In his collection Badura-Skoda kept a few period instruments including replicas, which he used in concerts and for recordings. As a successful recording artist, Badura-Skoda made over 200 records, including many duplicates created to highlight the sound of different pianos. He died on 25 September 2019.
Saint-Martin-de-la-Lieue

Saint-Martin-de-la-Lieue is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Westborough, Massachusetts

Westborough is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Mary Beth Hughes

Mary Beth Hughes (November 13, 1919 - August 27, 1995) was an American stage, movie and television actress. She played Henry Fonda's former girlfriend in The Ox-Bow Incident (1943). She also played Sylvia in The Great Profile.
Early life and career
She was born Mary Elizabeth Hughes in Alton, Illinois. Hughes' parents, George Joseph Hughes and Mary Frances Hughes, separated when she was an infant and divorced in 1923.
Personal life
Death
Hughes died, aged 75, on August 27, 1995 from natural causes in Los Angeles.
Annelöv

Annelov is a locality in Landskrona Municipality in Skane County in Sweden. In 2010, 380 people lived there.
Ben Herring

Ben Herring (born 14 March 1980, Auckland, New Zealand) is a former rugby union player. He played for the Leicester Tigers in the Guinness Premiership. His position is flanker. Herring missed out on a 2007 Super 14 rugby contract with any New Zealand Super 14 team. He negotiated a move to join the Leicester Tigers in early 2007. In April 2009 Herring retired on medical advice after suffering a series of concussions.
The Phantom of the Opera (musical)

The Phantom of the Opera is a 1986 musical. Andrew Lloyd Webber and Richard Stilgoe wrote the book. Charles Hart and Stilgoe wrote the lyrics. Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote the music. The musical is based on the 1910 novel, The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux.
West End and Broadway premieres
Phantom opened at Her Majesty's Theatre in the West End on 9 October 1986. Michael Crawford originated the titular role, with Sarah Brightman played Christine and Steve Barton as Raoul.
The musical opened on Broadway on 26 January 1988 at the Majestic Theatre. Crawford, Brightman, and Barton played their West End roles in the Broadway production.
Main roles
The Phantom of the Opera, a disfigured man
Christine Daae, a young opera singer
Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny, Christine's love interest
Story
The story is about a deformed musical genius who lives in a sewer beneath the opera house in Paris. Obsessed with a young soprano by the name of Christine, he terrorizes everyone at the opera in an effort to make her a star.
Awards
The musical won various awards over the years, including the 1986 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical. Michael Crawford won the Olivier and Tony Awards for Best Actor in a Musical.
Adaptations
The musical was made into a movie with the same name in 2004. It stars Gerard Butler as the Phantom, Emmy Rossum as Christine, and Patrick Wilson as Raoul.
Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazagam

The Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam (transl. Amma People Progressive Federation; abbr. AMMK) is an Indian regional political party with great influence in the state of Tamil Nadu and union territory of Pondicherry. AMMK is a Dravidian party founded by T. T. V. Dhinakaran at Madurai on 15 March 2018 as a breakaway faction from the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.C. Gopal and TTV Dhinakaran assigned the post of president and general secretary of the party respectively.
Futabasaurus

Futabasaurus was a plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous. A complete skeleton of one has not been found. It is not known very well.
Futabasaurus is the first elasmosaurid found in Japan. The type species is F. suzukii. Many of the bones of the type specimen show apparent scavenging or predation by sharks.
Runaround Sue

"Runaround Sue" is a 1961 song by Dion and is the title track from his debut studio album Runaround Sue. It went to number 1 in the United States, New Zealand and Canada and number 2 in Australia. It was covered by Del Shannon and Leif Garrett in 1977.
Aeroscopia

Aeroscopia is a museum in Blagnac, France, close to Toulouse. It was created on 14 January 2015. It has two Concorde aircraft.
Presles, Val-d'Oise

Presles is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
Masao Takahashi

Masao Takahashi (June 24, 1929 - February 14, 2020) was a Canadian judoka, author and coach. He was born in Stave Falls, British Columbia, Canada. Takahashi was the founder of the Takahashi School of Martial Arts.
He was involved in judo for more than 70 years, and was ranked hachi-dan (eighth-degree black belt), making him one of the highest ranked Canadian judoka. In 2002 he was decorated by the Emperor of Japan with the Order of the Sacred Treasure. He was added into the Judo Canada Hall of Fame in 1998.
Takahashi died on February 14, 2020 in Ottawa at the age of 90.
Ashanti (1979 movie)

Ashanti (also called Ashanti, Land of No Mercy) is a 1979 Swiss American action adventure movie directed by Richard Fleischer and was based the 1977 novel Ebano by Alberto Vazquez-Figueroa. It stars Michael Caine, Peter Ustinov, Kabir Bedi, Beverly Johnson, Omar Sharif, Rex Harrison, William Holden, Zia Mohyeddin, Jean-Luc Bideau, Tariq Yunus and was distributed by Warner Bros..
Catgirl

A catgirl (Mao Niang , nekomusume) is a female anthropomorphic character with cat traits. Catgirls are often found in various fiction genres and in particular Japanese anime and manga. Catboys are the male counterparts to catgirls. Some catgirls or catboys can be seen wearing a french maid outfit. In late 2020, catboys gained more recognition as femboys became popularized by the app TikTok, with many of the femboys on the app donning feline accessories due to popular memes that encouraged them to "put on the cat ears" or promoted catboys in general.
Geoff Harvey

Geoffrey John Harvey (6 August 1935 - 30 March 2019) was an English-Australian pianist, conductor, musical director and television personality. He worked at the Australian Nine Network for 38 years. He was known for starring on The Mike Walsh Show and Midday. He was born in London.
Awards and recognition
Harvey was a recipient of the Medal of the Order of Australia during the 2006 Queen's Birthday honours for "service to the community as a musician and entertainer, and through support for charitable organisations".
Death
Harvey died on 30 March 2019 in Berrima, New South Wales at the age of 83.
Rockford, Michigan

Rockford is a city in Kent County, Michigan. As of 2010, the population is 5,719. It is just north from Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Bernardo Rezende

Bernardo Rocha de Rezende known as Bernardinho (born August 25, 1959) is a Brazilian volleyball coach and former player. He is the current coach of both Brazil national volleyball team and the female volleyball team Rio de Janeiro Volei Clube. Rezende is the most successful coach in the history of volleyball, accumulating more than 30 major titles in twenty-year career directing the Brazilian male and female teams.
Curium

Curium is a synthetic chemical element in the periodic table that has the atomic number 96. It has the chemical symbol Cm and it is a radioactive metal. In chemistry it is placed in a group of metal elements named the actinides. Curium is a transuranic element. It is a radioactive element that does not exist in nature. Curium has a silver color and it is made by bombarding a plutonium target with alpha particles (helium ions). Curium was named after Marie Curie and her husband Pierre.
Uses
Curium is used currently in rovers and space machinery.
Free-to-play

Free-to-play video games are games that don't cost money to play most of their content.
Fort Hays State University

Fort Hays State University (FHSU) is a public university in Hays, Kansas. It is the third-biggest of the six state universities governed by the Kansas Board of Regents. They have about 15,100 students (4,648 on campus, 6,882 online, 3,570 Chinese program).
History
During the Great Flood of 1951, a tributary of the Kansas River flooded nearly all of campus. It forced a midnight evacuation.
Student media
Student Media at Fort Hays is housed under the banner Tiger Media Network. It includes radio and TV, coming from their website.
James W. Loewen

James William Loewen (February 6, 1942August 19, 2021) was an American sociologist, historian, and author. He was best known for his 1995 book, Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. He was born in Decatur, Illinois. Loewen worked at the University of Vermont and The Catholic University of America.
Loewen died on August 19, 2021 at a hospital in Bethesda, Maryland from bladder cancer at the age of 79.
Communes of the Manche department

The following is a list of the 602 communes of the Manche departement, in France.
Willem Barents

Willem Barents (or Barentsz, probably from Barentzoon, son of Barent) was a Dutch explorer. He was born on Terschelling around 1550, and died on the 20th June 1597 near Novaya Zemlya.
The Barents Sea, Barentsburg and Barents Region were all named after him.
Saint-Aignan-de-Couptrain

Saint-Aignan-de-Couptrain is a commune of 360 people as of 1999. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Parasympathetic nervous system

The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS or PSNS) is part of the autonomic nervous system. It does the opposite things of the sympathetic nervous system, the other part of the autonomic nervous system. This way, the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems balance each other's effects. The sympathetic nervous system helps a person "fight or flight" when they are in danger. When the danger is gone, the parasympathetic nervous system lets the person "rest and digest," "feed and breed."
Effects
The parasympathetic nervous system has many different effects. It affects every part of the body, including:
The heart: The heart relaxes and beats slower. This makes the heart rate and blood pressure lower.
The lungs: Breathing slows down. The bronchi (the tubes that bring air to the lungs) also get narrower.
The eyes: The pupils get smaller.
The digestive system: Extra blood is sent to the stomach and intestines. The stomach and intestines also work faster. This helps the person digest the food in their stomach.
The blood vessels: The blood vessels in the parts of the body that are far away from the heart, lungs, and brain get wider. (This is called vasodilation.) This helps make the blood pressure lower. It also makes the skin warmer, and can cause a man to have an erection.
Because of these effects, the parasympathetic nervous system always has to balance with the sympathetic nervous system. For example, if only the parasympathetic nervous system was working, a person's heart rate and breathing would keep getting lower and lower. Eventually the person would stop breathing or their heart would stop beating.
However, in a healthy person, the brain realizes when the parasympathetic nervous system's effects are getting too strong. For example, the brain may realize that the person is breathing too slowly, or that their heart rate is too low. The brain reacts by making the sympathetic nervous system kick in. Because the sympathetic nervous system has the opposite effects, it will make the person breathe faster and raise their heart rate. These two systems have to balance each other constantly for a person to stay healthy.
Control
The parasympathetic nervous system is controlled mostly by the vagus nerve. This is an important nerve that comes from the brain and goes all the way down to the bottom of the spinal cord. The vagus nerve sends out chemical messengers called neurotransmitters - mostly one called acetylcholine. This chemical causes changes in many different parts of the body.
Louis Agassiz

Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz (May 28, 1807 - December 14, 1873) was a Swiss-born and European-trained biologist and geologist. His work on natural history in Europe and the Americas was important.
His reputation now is less good, because he fought against the theory of evolution, and held wrong ideas about human races. He thought the different human races were of different origins. This idea is called "polygenism". Darwin's comment at the end is interesting:
"...when the principle of evolution is generally accepted, as it surely will be before long, the dispute between the monogenists and the polygenists will die a silent and unobserved death".
After visiting Harvard University in mid-career, he emigrated to the U.S. in 1847 and became a professor of zoology and geology at Harvard. He founded its Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Agassiz made extensive contributions to ichthyology (including extinct species). He founded glaciology, the study of ice fields and ice ages.
Space Needle

The Space Needle is a tower in Seattle, Washington. It is at the Seattle Center. The Space Needle was built for the 1962 World's Fair. During this time, almost 20,000 people used the elevators every day. Over 2.3 million visitors came to the World Fair overall. The Space Needle is high and wide. It weighs 9,550 tons. When it was completed it was the tallest building to the west of the Mississippi River. It is built not to fall in wind up to and earthquakes of up to 9.1 magnitude. This gives protection against an earthquake as powerful as the 1700 Cascadia earthquake. The tower also has 25 lightning rods on its roof to protect it against lightning.
The Space Needle has a deck at , where people can look down and look at the view around them. It also has a gift shop with a rotating SkyCity restaurant at . From the top of the Needle, the Downtown Seattle skyline, the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Elliott Bay and islands around it can be seen. Photographs of the Seattle skyline often show the Space Needle.
Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by using elevators. These elevators travel at . The trip to the top takes 41 seconds. Some tourists wait in hour-long lines so that they can go to the top of the tower. On windy days, the elevators are slowed down to a . The Space Needle was made a historic landmark on April 19, 1999, by the city's Landmarks Preservation Board.
Toni Preckwinkle

Toni Preckwinkle (nee Reed; March 17, 1947) is an American politician. She is the current Cook County Board President and a former alderman in the Chicago City Council representing Chicago's 4th ward in Cook County, Illinois, United States.
She was elected on November 2, 2010, as President of the Cook County Board, the Executive Branch of Cook County government. Preckwinkle first sought office in 1983 and was defeated twice before securing election in 1991 and being re-elected as alderman four times.
On September 20, 2018, Preckwinkle announced her candidacy for Mayor of Chicago in the 2019 election to replace Rahm Emanuel. She advanced to the runoff election on April 2. She was defeated by Lightfoot by nearly 50%.
Gundremmingen

Gundremmingen is a municipality in Gunzburg in Bavaria in Germany.
Plankinton, South Dakota

Plankinton is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Aurora County.
Kurt Busch

Kurt Thomas Busch (born August 4, 1978) is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Race car driver from Las Vegas, Nevada. He drives the No. 1 Chevrolet for Chip Ganassi Racing. Busch has raced for Roush Fenway Racing, Penske Racing, Stewart-Haas Racing and Phoenix Racing. He has won one NASCAR Sprint Cup Championship, which he won in 2004. In 2014, Busch raced in the Indianapolis 500, where he finished in sixth place. The Indianapolis 500 was Kurt Busch's first try at racing in the IndyCar Series.
Villy, Yonne

Villy is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Cockburn Island, Ontario

Cockburn Island is an island in the Canadian province of Ontario, found in the Manitoulin District. It has the least number of people living in it while still being a municipality of Canada. It had a population of 2 people in 2006. There is an Indian reservation, or place where Indians live, on Cockburn Island.
Makati

Makati, officially known as the City of Makati ( ; ), in the Philippines, is one of the sixteen cities that make up Metro Manila. Makati is the financial center of the Philippines. As the host of various embassies, it is also an important center for international affairs.
With 529,039 people, Makati is the 16th-largest city in the country and ranked as the 41st most densely populated city in the world with 19,336 inhabitants per square kilometer.
Makati became the financial center of the Philippines during the 1960s. It is home to the Philippine Stock Exchange and the Makati Business Club.
Makati is notable for its exceptionally multicultural lifestyle, as a significant center for intercontinental matters and for its reputation as a major entertainment center in the metropolis.
The city is also known for its cosmopolitan culture because of its major shopping centers, condominiums, financial hubs, hotels, and entertainment hubs, which are located around the city.
Makati first became as the financial center of the Philippines during the 1960s. The Philippine Stock Exchange and the Makati Business Club are there.
Barangays
Makati has divided into 33 barangays.
Avadi

Avadi is a residential locality. It is located in the Western part of the metropolitan city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. it is a Special Grade Municipal Corporation of Chennai Metropolitan Area.
The neighbourhood has its own railway station, Avadi Railway Station of the Chennai Suburban Railway. The Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF) is located in Avadi. Avadi has a lake with the same name.
Major military establishments having divisions in Avadi are the Indian Air Force, Indian Army, Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF), EFA-Engine Factory, Avadi, Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Indian Navy, Central Vehicle Depot (CVD), The Ordnance Depot [OD], Unfit Vehicles Park [UVP] and the Ordnance Clothing Factory (OCF).
According to the 2011 census of India, Avadi had a population of 345,996.
Flora, Mississippi

Flora is a town in Madison County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,886 at the 2010 census.
Jublains

Jublains is a commune of 699 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. It is an old Roman town called Noviodunum. It includes:
A well preserved theater.
A temple.
A Castellum with a museum about the town.
Terms (Roman baths).
Various other Roman things.
Area code 401

Area code 401 is an area code for the U.S. State of Rhode Island. It is the only area code for Rhode Island. It was one of the first area codes, created in 1947.
Hampton, Connecticut

Hampton is a town in Connecticut. It is part of Windham County. There were 1,728 people living in Hampton in 2020.
Digamma

Digamma or Wau (uppercase/lowercase W w s) was an old letter of the Greek alphabet. It was used before the alphabet converted its classical standard form. It looked like a Latin "F", but it was pronounced like "w". In the 5th century BC, people stopped using it because they could no longer pronounce the sound "w" in Greek. However, they kept it as a sign for the number "6" in the system of Greek numerals. It was originally called "Wau" because of its sound. Later, when the sound was lost, it was called "Digamma", which means "double Gamma", because it looks like a Gamma (G) with two hooks. The Latin letter F was also taken over from Wau.
In mathematics, the name "digamma" is used in digamma function, which is the derivative of the logarithm of gamma function (that is, ).
Gowanda, New York

Gowanda is a village in western New York, United States. It is partly in Erie County and partly in Cattaraugus County. 2,512 people lived there at the 2020 census. The name comes from the Seneca language. It means "almost surrounded by hills" or "a valley among the hills". The Cattaraugus Reservation is next to the village. The natives here are mainly Seneca people.
Native Americans of the Iroquois Confederacy used to live in the larger area of western New York. The Erie tribe and the Wenrohronon lived the closest to present-day area around Gowanda.
Ascaris

Ascaris is a genus of parasitic nematode worms known as the "giant intestinal roundworms". One species, A. suum, typically infects pigs, while another, A. lumbricoides, affects humans, typically in sub-tropical and tropical areas with poor sanitation. A. lumbricoides is the largest intestinal roundworm and is the most common worm infection of humans, an infection known as ascariasis. Infestation can cause morbidity, and sometimes death, by compromising nutritional status, affecting cognitive processes, inducing tissue reactions, such as granuloma, and provoking intestinal obstruction or rectal prolapse.
The roundworms are members of the phylum Nematoda. They are an extremely successful group; it is estimated that they represent 90% of all life on the seafloor.
Nightgown

A nightgown or nightdress is a gown worn for sleeping. It is usually loose-fitting. There are different lengths, hip-length (called baby-doll), floor-length (called negligee) or knee-length.
Men wore them until about the 1940s when they changed to pajamas. Today, they are mostly worn by women.
Dickin Medal

The PDSA Dickin Medal is an award for animals. It was created in the United Kingdom, by Maria Dickin, in 1943. At first, the award's goal was to honor the work of animals during World War II. The award is often called "the animals' Victoria Cross."
Maria Dickin was the creator of the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA), a British veterinary charity. She created the award for any animal who showed "conspicuous gallantry [obvious bravery]" and devotion to its job while serving with the United Kingdom's armed forces or their allies. The Medal was awarded 54 times between 1943 and 1949 - to 32 pigeons, 18 dogs, three horses, and one cat.
The PDSA started awarding the Dickin Medal again in 2000. In that year, they honored a Newfoundland dog named Gander. The award was given posthumously - after Gander's death. During the Battle of Hong Kong in World War II, Gander had saved the lives of Canadian soldiers.
In early 2002, three dogs were awarded the Dickin Medal for their work in responding to the September 11 attacks. The PDSA also awarded the Medal to two dogs serving with the British military in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Iraq.
In December 2007, 12 animals who had received the Dickin Medal and were buried at the PDSA Animal Cemetery in Ilford, Essex, were given full military honors. This marked the end of a project to restore the cemetery, which was aided by the United Kingdom's National Lottery.
The first recipients of the Medal, in December 1943, were three pigeons. Serving with the Royal Air Force, all three helped make it possible to rescue air crew from ditched planes during the Second World War. The most recent animal to receive the Medal was Diesel, a dog who was killed while serving with the French police during the November 2015 Paris attacks. Diesel's award will be presented in a ceremony in 2016. As of December 2015, the Dickin Medal has been awarded 66 times.
Medal recipients
Pigeons
Throughout history, homing pigeons have been used to carry messages over long distances. Homing pigeons can find their way home over very long distances. Because of this special ability, homing pigeons have often been used in wars to carry messages. For example, air force flyers could carry homing pigeons in their planes. If a plane started to crash, the airmen could throw the pigeon out of the plane with a message attached to its leg saying where the plane was crashing. The pigeon would find its way back "home" - to a military base - where the message would tell the military where to look for their stranded pilots.
The United Kingdom used about 250,000 homing pigeons in World War II. Of these, 32 were awarded the Dickin Medal for carrying messages that helped save lives:
Horses
Horses have been used in wars for over 5,000 years. By World War II, they were usually not used in battle. However, they were used for scout units, and also to carry soldiers and supplies.
Sue Gardner

Sue Gardner (born May 11, 1967) is the former Canadian executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation in San Francisco from 2007 to 2014. She was the director of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's website and online news outlets. She is currently the executive director of The Markup.
Life and journalism career
Gardner grew up in Port Hope, Ontario, Canada. She is the daughter of an Anglican minister and school principal. Gardner earned a degree in journalism from Ryerson University. She began her career on Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) radio in 1990. She worked on the program As It Happens at first. Gardner worked for more than a decade as a producer, reporter and documentary-maker for CBC Radio current-affairs. She also worked for Newsworld International. Her time at Newsworld dealt mainly with pop culture and social issues.
In March 2006, she replaced Claude Galipeau as Senior Director. She was in charge of 150 people who worked on CBC.ca, the CBC website.
Wikimedia and recent work
In May 2007, Gardner left CBC. Soon after that, she started working with the Wikimedia Foundation. She helped as an advisor on how the foundation worked and how it was governed.
In December 2007, she was hired as the Foundation's Executive Director. Over the next two years, the number of employees of the foundation grew. This included the addition of a fundraising team. She also guided the foundation as it moved its office from Tampa to San Francisco.
In October 2009, the Huffington Post said Gardner was as one of ten 'media game changers of the year'. They said this because of the affect she had on new media because of her work for Wikimedia.
List of Regionalligen

Regionalliga may refer to:
German Regionalliga, the 4th division of football in Germany
Regionalliga Nord, a current sub-division of the German Regionalliga
Regionalliga Nordost, a current sub-division of the German Regionalliga
Regionalliga West, a current sub-division of the German Regionalliga
Regionalliga Sudwest, a current sub-division of the German Regionalliga
Regionalliga Bayern, a current sub-division of the German Regionalliga
Regionalliga Berlin, the 2nd division of football in West Germany between 1963 and 1974
Regionalliga Nord (1963-1974), the 2nd division of football in West Germany between 1963 and 1974
Regionalliga Sud (1963-1974), the 2nd division of football in West Germany between 1963 and 1974
Regionalliga Sudwest (1963-1974), the 2nd division of football in West Germany between 1963 and 1974
Regionalliga West (1963-1974), the 2nd division of football in West Germany between 1963 and 1974
Regionalliga West/Sudwest, the 3rd division of football in Germany between 1994 and 2000
Regionalliga Sud (1994-2012), the 4th division of football in Germany between 1994 and 2012
Regionalliga (ice hockey), the 4th division of hockey in Germany
American football Regionalliga, the 3rd division of American Football in Germany
Austrian Regionalliga, the 3rd division of football in Austria
Regionalliga Ost, a current sub-division of the Austrian Regionalliga
Regionalliga Mitte, a current sub-division of the Austrian Regionalliga
Regionalliga West (Austria), a current sub-division of the Austrian Regionalliga
Nintendo World Store

The Nintendo World Store is a specialty store that sells Nintendo video games and merchandise. It is located at 10 Rockefeller Center in New York City. It is owned by Nintendo. It opened on May 14, 2005, replacing the Pokemon Center that was there before.
The store is a two-story building. The first floor has Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and Pokemon Black 2 and White 2 sections. The second floor has a section with Wii consoles available for anyone to play. In addition, there are also Nintendo 3DS consoles available to play in the store. Some of the things that are sold there are exclusive to the store, meaning that they can only be bought there.
The store holds special tournaments and shows for new games. Early copies of the game and prizes are given out to the winners.
Quentin Bryce

Dame Quentin Alice Louise Bryce (nee Strachan; born 23 December 1942) was the 25th Governor-General of Australia, from September 2008 to March 2014. She was the first woman to be the Governor-General. Before this she was the Governor of Queensland and she used to be a lawyer.
For her community works she was created a Dame of Grace of the Order of St John in 2003. If she were not already a Dame, she would have become a Dame of Justice when she became Prior of the Australian Priory of the Order of St John.
Shropshire

Shropshire, sometimes known as Salop and sometimes shortened to Shrops in print, is a ceremonial county of England. It has no cities and only a few large towns - Shrewsbury, Telford, Ludlow and Oswestry. It is a very rural county with many hills, forests, farms and rivers within its borders.
The county borders Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east, Herefordshire to the south and Powys and Wrexham County Borough, counties of Wales, to the west.
The county's county town is Shrewsbury, the birthplace of evolutionist Charles Darwin, however its largest town is Telford. Telford is known for its tourist attraction, Ironbridge Gorge. Ironbridge Gorge is the world's first iron structure. Shrewsbury is also the location of the Ditherington Flax Mill, also known as the Flaxmill Maltings, the world's the first iron-framed building. It is seen as the world's first skyscraper, described as "the grandfather of skyscrapers".
Atelier Iris 2: The Azoth of Destiny

Atelier Iris 2: The Azoth of Destiny known in Japan as Atelier Iris: Eternal Mana 2 is an role-playing video game. It was developed by Gust Co. Ltd. for the PlayStation 2. A sequel to Atelier Iris: Eternal Mana (2005), atough it is a prequel.
1265

Births
Dante
Emperor Fushimi
Deaths
Hulagu Khan
Bradley Whitford

Bradley Whitford (born October 10, 1959 in Madison, Wisconsin) is an American actor. He has played White House Deputy Chief of Staff Josh Lyman on the NBC television drama The West Wing, Danny Tripp on Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip, Dan Stark in the Fox police buddy-comedy The Good Guys, Timothy Carter in the CBS series The Mentalist, and Eric Gordon in the movie Billy Madison.
Mercury(I) nitrate

Mercury(I) nitrate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Hg2(NO3)2. It has mercury and nitrate ions in it. The mercury is in its +1 oxidation state.
Properties
It is a white solid. It is a weak reducing agent in air. It oxidizes to mercury(II) oxide and mercury(II) nitrate. It reacts slowly with water when it is dissolved in water. This makes a basic mercury(I) nitrate and some nitric acid. The basic mercury(I) nitrate is yellow. Mercury(I) nitrate can kill you if you eat or inhale it.
Preparation
It is made by reacting mercury with a dilute solution of nitric acid. A concentrated solution of nitric acid makes mercury(II) nitrate.
Dracula

Dracula is a horror novel written by the Irish writer Bram Stoker. Bram Stoker published the novel in England in 1897. The character 'Dracula' may have been based in part on Sir Henry Irving (who was an actor and friend of Bram Stoker) and on Vlad III the Impaler (a Romanian king). The story is about a vampire called Dracula. A vampire is a kind of monster associated with death and the Devil.
Plot
A young solicitor (a type of lawyer) Jonathan Harker goes to the country Transylvania to sell a house in England to a nobleman named Dracula. After living in the castle for a week, he realizes that Dracula is a vampire. Dracula traps Harker in his castle with three other vampire women (who are called his brides) and goes to England, by hiding on a ship and killing the crew. When he gets to England, he bites a young woman called Lucy Westenra and turns her into a vampire. Lucy is then killed by Abraham van Helsing (a medical doctor) and the other characters in the book. Then Dracula bites Jonathan's wife Mina. Because of this, the other characters try to defeat Dracula, by chasing him back to Transylvania and killing him.
Ideas for the story
People have written about where Stoker got his ideas for the Dracula story. It has been said that Stoker's mother Charlotte telling him of the events of the terrible cholera plague in Sligo, Ireland may have given him some ideas. These included:
Doctors trying to stop people dying and then being killed.
Smells and mists associated with terrible things.
Roman Catholic priests bravely fighting the terrible things.
People being buried when they were not dead and some not dying.
The idea of blood may have come from Bram's early years when he was unheathly and in bed all the time and doctors may have tried bleeding him to make him healthly.
Ideas for the person of Dracula may have been taken from Henry Irving. Stoker worked for Irving at the Lyceum Theatre in London for 30 years.
Most famous adaptations of Dracula
1922, (Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror). First adaptation of the novel. Directed by F. W. Murnau. Max Schreck has the role of Count Orlok. The movie director could not get permission to use the actual story from Stoker's widow, who ordered many copies of the movie to be destroyed after its release.
1931, Dracula. Horror, directed by Tod Browning and starring Bela Lugosi as Dracula.
1958, Horror of Dracula. Horror, stars Christopher Lee as Count Dracula.
1979, Dracula. Horror, stars Frank Langella as Dracula.
1979, Love at First Bite. Comedy, stars George Hamilton as Count Vladimir Dracula.
1992, Bram Stoker's Dracula. Horror, directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Gary Oldman as Dracula.
Dracula: Dead and Loving it. Comedy, directed by Mel Brooks and starring Leslie Nielsen as Count Dracula.
Van Helsing is a 2004 movie that has Hugh Jackman as the title character (Gabriel Van Helsing) and Richard Boxburgh as Count Vladislaus Dracula.
2014, Dracula Untold, directed by Gary Shore
Online texts
http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45839
Bram Stoker Online Full text and PDF versions of this novel.
Chirality

Chirality is when an object is present in two forms which are mirror images of each other.
The two forms cannot be superimposed. Human hands are chiral. The left hand is a mirror image of the right hand. You cannot turn or move one of your hands to look exactly the same as the other. This is why you can not put a left handed glove on your right hand, or shake the right hand of a person using your left hand.
In chemistry
In chemistry, chirality refers to molecules. If a molecule is chiral it has two forms that are mirror images of each other but otherwise identical.
Chemists call these enantiomers or optical isomers. Because the difference between right and left hands is easy to understand, chemists call enantiomers either 'right-' or 'left-handed'. A mixture of equal amounts of the two enantiomers is called a racemic mixture.
Molecular chirality is quite common. It is found in stereochemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and biochemistry.
The symmetry of a molecule (or any other object) tells us whether it is chiral. A molecule is achiral (not chiral) if it has an axis of symmetry.
Racemic mixtures
A racemic mixture is one which has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule.
Homochiralism in biology
Many biologically active molecules are chiral, including amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) and sugars. Most of these compounds are of the same chirality. Most amino acids are L (left-handed) and sugars are D. (right-handed). Proteins made of L amino acids, are known as left-handed proteins, whereas D amino acids produce right-handed proteins.
The origin of homochirality in the first place is much discussed. Most believe that the original origin of chiralities was purely random. They think if carbon-based life forms exist elsewhere in the universe, the chemistry might have different chirality. Other theories are possible.
Enzymes, which are chiral, usually only work with one enantiomer of a chiral substrate. Imagine an enzyme as having a glove-like cavity that binds a substrate. If this glove is right-handed, then one enantiomer will fit inside and be bound, whereas the other enantiomer will have a poor fit and is unlikely to bind.
It was economical for life-forms to adopt one form or the other of each type of chiral compound. That way we do not need two enzymes for every chemical reaction which involves chirality.
Sergio Aragonés

Sergio Aragones Domenech (; born September 6, 1937) is a popular cartoonist. He was born in Spain and grew up in Mexico. He is most famous for his cartoons for MAD Magazine and the comic book Groo the Wanderer.
Douglas, Massachusetts

Douglas is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Germany's Next Topmodel

Germany's Next Topmodel (also known as GNTM) is a television show hosted by supermodel Heidi Klum. The first cycle (season) was in 2006. The 8th cycle finished showing in May 2013.
Overview
A group of girls are chosen to live together for a few weeks and compete to become Germany's Next Topmodel. Each week, one girl is asked to leave because she is not good enough to stay in the competition and become a top model. The last three/four girls are in the finale. The winner is then chosen with help of the group of judges. There have been 8 cycles of the show so far.
Bobs Worth

Bobs Worth (21 May 2005 - 20 January 2022) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. He won the Albert Bartlett Novices' Hurdle in 2011, the RSA Chase in 2012 and the Cheltenham Gold Cup in 2013 at the Cheltenham Festival. He was the first horse since Flyingbolt in the 1960s to win three different races every year at the Cheltenham Festivals.
Bobs Worth died on 20 January 2022, aged 17.
Yasuaki Oshima

is a Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="4"|Otsuka Pharmaceuticals||rowspan="4"|Football League||27||13||3||1||colspan="2"|-||30||14
|-
|2002||17||4||3||2||colspan="2"|-||20||6
|-
|2003||21||19||2||1||colspan="2"|-||23||20
|-
|2004||29||20||1||2||colspan="2"|-||21||21
|-
|2005||rowspan="5"|Tokushima Vortis||rowspan="5"|J. League 2||20||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||20||5
|-
|2006||23||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||24||2
|-
|2007||20||1||1||1||colspan="2"|-||21||2
|-
|2008||26||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||27||5
|-
|2009||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2009||New Wave Kitakyushu||Football League||9||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||5
|-
|2010||Giravanz Kitakyushu||J. League 2||||||||||||||||
194||74||12||7||0||0||206||81
194||74||12||7||0||0||206||81
|}
Stoddard, New Hampshire

Stoddard is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States.
Peter Schulz

Peter Schulz (25 April 1930 - 17 May 2013) was a German politician, member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and First Mayor of Hamburg (1971 - 1974).
Schulz was born in Rostock. He studied law at the University of Hamburg and after his graduation in 1958 Schulz founded his own office. Schulz died on 17 May 2013 in Hamburg, Germany, aged 83.
Vara Municipality

Vara Municipality () is a municipality in Vastra Gotaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Vara.
Raval

Raval is the God of the large Imperial Group known as The Imperial Zongian Empire, which hails from the internet game Second Life.
Legends of Raval
The Origin of Raval (In Zongian Lore) is that he was a one of the members of the rogue Linden group which is lost to SL history, named the Race Maker's a group which set out to build their own races on the game within the very pre-release of Second Life, all 10 Race Makers filled with National Socialist, Communist and Imperial ideas for how a society should be ran, Raval being the only Race Maker to proclaim himself a God, the rest proclaiming themselves the political rulers of their society, Instead Raval decided to make his first Zongian the Emperor of his society, which was the Legendary Emperor - Altmoss Torok.
Real Life Raval
The real life Raval's true identity is unknown, claiming to be immortal due to a incident he claims: "I was there with Howard Carter, when we uncovered King Tut, the others became cursed, I became blessed, by the grace of Ra sun God of the Egyptian peoples" the rest of his claim is fuzzy and hard to understand, all "Zongian-blooded" people believe his claim many who don't believe, the claim have been said to have gone missing, many scholars believe this to be the work of the Zongian High Council in real life. Tray Quandry, one of the Virtual planet's greatest Commanders once stated "Raval is my master, he is something I would not cross unless I wanted to die a coward".
Steve McKean

Stephen Ronald McKean ( - 3 May 2021) was an American-born New Zealand basketball coach. He first moved to New Zealand in 1971. He was coach of the New Zealand men's national basketball team. He also coached in the New Zealand NBL and was the league's coach of the year in 1992.
McKean was married and had a daughter. He died of cancer on 3 May 2021 in New Plymouth. He was 77.