kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Old World

The Old World is the three continents, Europe, Asia and Africa, whose people knew about each other from ancient times.
Humans originated in Africa, but modern history is mostly about European history. This is because the Europeans wrote more history. For a long time "history" meant the history of Europe and the Middle East. That is still the kind of history which is taught in many schools. Having history depends on having writing. The first writing we know of comes from the Middle East, and the Chinese claim they also had early writing.
People had no idea there were other continents, and no idea that those continents (the Americas and Australasia) had humans living there. They also knew little about Africa beyond the coasts until the 19th century.
In 1492 Spain sent Columbus to the New World. They found Native Americans there. Then there was trade, warfare and spreading disease. They had foods and animals the Native Americans had not seen before, like sugarcane, pigs, and horses. But they did not know that they were also causing sickness. The people of the Old World called the Americas the New World.
Europeans discovered Australia, New Zealand and Papua/New Guinea in the 17th century. The British Royal Navy did more exploration in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Both the Americas and Australasia had humans living there already, who were not known to Europeans before the voyages of discovery, as it is called.
Billy Idol

William Michael Albert Broad (born 30 November 1955), known professionally as Billy Idol, is an English rock musician and singer-songwriter. He became famous in the 1970s as a member of Generation X. He later began a solo career which led to international fame and made Idol a lead artist during the MTV-driven "Second British Invasion" in the United States.
Idol's second studio album, Rebel Yell (1983), was a major commercial success, featuring hit singles "Rebel Yell" and "Eyes Without a Face". In 1986, he released Whiplash Smile. Idol then released two studio albums, Charmed Life (1990) and the concept album Cyberpunk (1993).
Roggenburg, Basel-Landschaft

Roggenburg is a municipality of the district Laufen in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.
Bilat Paswan Vihangam

Bilat Paswan, who writes under the nome de plume, Vihangam, was an Indian writer and politician, known for his writings in Hindi & Maithili literature. He is a former chairman of Bihar Public Service Commission & former chairman of Bihar Inter University Board. Born in 1940 to Bhutai Paswan in Bihar, he represented Rajnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) at the Bihar Legislative Assembly for two terms in 1968 and 1972 & Khajauli (Vidhan Sabha constituency) at the Bihar Legislative Assembly for two terms in 1985 and 1990, running under Indian National Congress candidature, defeating Ram Lakhan Ram of the Communist Party of India on both the elections. He also ran in two elections unsuccessfully, in 1980 and 2000. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2005, for his contributions to literature.
Carli Tornehave

Carli Tornehave, born 26 August 1932 in Stockholm, is a Swedish singer and actor.
He has participated at Melodifestivalen six times; in 1962, her performed Anneli and Nar min van, in 1963, he performed Twist till menuett and En gang i Stockholm. The song "En gang i Stockholm" won the contest, but Monica Zetterlund was appointed to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest in London. In 1966, he performed Monte Carlo and Harliga sondag ending on third and eighth place.
The Buccaneer (1958 movie)

The Buccaneer is a 1958 American adventure movie directed by first time director Anthony Quinn and starring Inger Stevens, Henry Hull, Claire Bloom, Charles Boyer, Charlton Heston, Lorne Greene, Robert Warwick, E. G. Marshall. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and is a remake of the 1938 movie of the same name.
John N. Mitchell

John Newton Mitchell (September 5, 1913 - November 9, 1988) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the 67th Attorney General of the United States (1969-1972) under President Richard Nixon and a convicted criminal.
He was chairman of Nixon's 1968 presidential campaign, and one of Nixon's closest personal friends.
He was chairman of Nixon's 1972 presidential campaign. He committed many crimes during the Watergate affair. Mitchell was sentenced to prison in 1977 and served 19 months, during which time he was known as Inmate No. 24171-157.
Mitchell died of a heart attack on November 9, 1988 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 75.
Dunlap, Iowa

Dunlap is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Zubin Mehta

Zubin Mehta (born 29 April 1936) is an Indian conductor of Western classical music. He is the music director of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (IPO).
Career
Mehta was Music Director of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra from 1961 to 1967, and Music Director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra from 1962 to 1978, being the youngest music director ever for any major North American orchestra. In 1969, he was appointed Music Adviser to the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra and in 1981 Mehta became its permanent Music Director for Life.
In 2016, Mehta has been appointed as Honorary Conductor of the Teatro San Carlo, Naples.
In December 2016, the Israel Philharmonic announced that Mehta is to retire from his permanent position as music director in October 2019.
Awards
The Government of India honoured Mehta in 1966 with the Padma Bhushan and in 2001 with India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan.
In September 2006 the Kennedy Center announced Mehta as one of the recipients of that year's Kennedy Center Honors, presented on 2 December 2006 by President George W. Bush.
277

Year 277 (CCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Roman Empire
Emperor Probus travels with his army west across the Sea of Marmara (Turkey). He defeats the Goths along the lower Danube.
Probus enters Rome to get his title of Emperor approved by the Senate.
Asia
Tuoba Xilu succeeds his father Tuoba Liwei as chieftain of the Tuoba clan.
Tayasal

Tayasal is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site from the Postclassic period. The site is in the southern Maya lowlands on a small island in Lake Peten Itza. This island is now part of the Department of Peten in northern Guatemala. Tayasal was the capital of one of the last independent Maya polities to be conquered by the Spanish conquistadores and colonizers, along with Zacpeten (the capital of the Ko'woj Maya) and Eixequil (the Yalnain capital), in 1697.
As an archaeological site, it was heavily damaged by the Spanish after its fall. The capital city of the modern Peten department, Flores, has been built over the island and the nearby shores of the lake.
The Itza left the Yucatan region in the 13th century and built the city later known as Tayasal as their capital. They called it Noh Peten, or literally "City Island". It was also called Tah Itza, or Place of the Itza.
In 1541, Hernan Cortes came to the island, on route to Honduras, but needed to move on and did not try to conquer it due to its very good defensive position.
The Spanish were not able to conquer the island until 1697, after several attempts, that begun in 1629, when they marched in, from Corozal in Belize, Yucatan and Alta Verapaz, attacked with boats, and destroyed it. Many Itza people hid in the jungle for years. The structures of Noh Peten were turned into the Roman Catholic Church and other buildings in the city of Flores.
Neubeuern

Neubeuern is a municipality in Rosenheim, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
Peter Schmidhuber

Peter Schmidhuber (15 December 1931 - 26 December 2020) was a German politician. He was a member of the CSU party. Schmidhuber was born in Munich. He was a member of the Munich city council from 1960 to 1966. From 1965 to 1969 and again from 1972 to 1978, he was a member of the Bundestag.
Schmidhuber also held many political posts in the European Union during the Jacques Delors commission.
Schmidhuber died on 26 December 2020 in Munich at the age of 89.
Marco Rose

Marco Rose (born 11 September 1976) is a former player and now German football manager. He manages Borussia Dortmund. He was a defender for Lokomotive Leipzig, Hannover 96 and Mainz 05.
Playing career
He started his career at Rotation Leipzig. In 1987 he went to Lokomotive Leipzig. This is the club he played ten matches in the second league. In 2000 Rose joined Hannover 96. After the promotion to the Bundesliga in 2002, Rose went to Mainz 05 on loan. After Mainz being promoted signed Rose permanently. He played 199 games for Mainz's first and second team. He scored seven goals, three of them in the Bundesliga.
Coaching career
Early career
In the 2010-11 season Rose was assistant coach and player for Mainz 05 II. 2012-13 he was coach of Lokomotive Leipzig.
Red Bull Salzburg
2013 Rose became coach of Red Bull Salzburg's U16 team. Rose became coach of the U18 team when Thomas Letsch became headcoach of FC Liefering. The team won the Austrian U18 championship in his first season and the UEFA Youth League in April 2017.
2017 he became head coach of the first team following Oscar Garcia. In his first season the team won the Austrian championship. The final of the Austrian cup against Sturm Graz was lost. In the Europa League Salzburg reached the semi-finals, beating teams like Borussia Dortmund and Lazio.
In his second season, RB Salzburg started the league with ten wins in a row which broke the previous record. In the Europa LeagueSalzburg reached the quarter final against Napoli. During his time as Salzburgcoach Rose lost no homematch.
Borussia Monchengladbach
For the 2019-20 season Rose joined Borussia Monchengladbach. With Gladbach he reaches the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League.
Borussia Dortmund
On 15 February 2021, Monchengladbach announced that Rose would leave at the end of the season to join Borussia Dortmund.
Personal life
He is a believing Christian. Rose is the grandson of Walter Rose, who played for the German national football team and different teams from Leipzig in the 1930's and 40's.
Scorpion II

Scorpion, also King Scorpion or Scorpion II refers to the second of two kings so-named of Upper Egypt during the Protodynastic Period.
In popular culture
Scorpion's name was borrowed for the 2002 movie The Scorpion King.
William Golding's novel The Scorpion God is loosely based upon this period of Egyptian History.
A villain named Scorpion claims lineage with the king in the 1997 movie Legend of the Lost Tomb.
RAF

RAF may refer to:
Royal Air Force - Air force of the United Kingdom
Red Army Faction
Jurassic Park: The Ride

Jurassic Park: The Ride is a water-based amusement ride. It is based on the Steven Spielberg movie Jurassic Park and Michael Crichton's novel. It is at Universal Studios Hollywood. The ride was researched and built while the movie was in its production phase.
The ride opened on June 21, 1996. Duplicates of the ride have since been built at Islands of Adventure and Universal Studios Japan. A river rapids ride version of the attraction, Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure, opened in Universal Studios Singapore in 2010.
Osiris

In Egyptian mythology, Osiris is the god of life, death, the flooding of the Nile, and the afterlife. He was the brother and husband of Isis. They had a son named Horus. Osiris was murdered by his brother Set because Osiris was the pharaoh, which Set wanted to be. Osiris was killed when Set tricked him into getting into a box, then poured lead onto the box to close it so Osiris could not get out of it. However, Isis brought Osiris back to life for one night. After Horus was old enough, he defeated Set and became the pharaoh. Osiris' mother was the goddess Nut, father Geb, sister Nephthys, and sister as well as wife Isis.
Osiris and Dionysus
By the Hellenic era, Greek awareness of Osiris had grown, and attempts had been made to merge Greek philosophy, such as Platonism, and the cult of Osiris (especially the myth of his resurrection), resulting in a new mystery religion. Gradually, this became more popular, and was exported to other parts of the Greek sphere of influence. However, these mystery religions valued the change in wisdom, personality, and knowledge of truth, rather than the exact details of the accepted myths on which their teachings were overlayed. Thus in each region that it was exported to, the myth was changed to be about a similar local god, resulting in a series of gods, who had originally been quite distinct, but who were now synonymous with Osiris. These gods became known as Osiris-Dionysus.
Why Egypt loved Osiris
Egyptian civilization loved Osiris because he was a wise and gentle king. He taught them law and order and led them away from savage practices like cannibalism and human sacrifice. Osiris also taught them the art of agriculture and the appropriate rites for worshipping the gods. When he was done civilizing the people in Egypt, he left the country to his wife Isis and made peace in many other places. When he finished his job he then returned to Egypt.
Purpose
Osiris was the god of the Underworld. He was also one of the Nine Gods. One of his duties as Lord of the Dead was to do the very last judgment of the Dead, and after that to protect people from the dangers of the Underworld. The transition between life and death must have been a great experience, but still perilous .
Appearance
Osiris was shown in the form of a mummified pharaoh. He wore a white atef crown with feathers on the side, and held a crook and flail; tools of a pharaoh. Osiris had green skin, symbolizing rebirth to the Egyptians.
Gustavo Peña

Gustavo Pena Velasco (22 November 1942 - 19 January 2021) was a Mexican football defender and manager. He was born in Talpa de Allende, Mexico. He made 82 appearances for the national football team between 1961 and 1974.
Pena died on 19 January 2021, aged 78.
Peoples Temple

Peoples Temple was an organization founded in 1955 by Jim Jones that, by the mid-1970s, possessed over a dozen locations in California including its headquarters in San Francisco. It is best known for the death of over 900 of its members on November 18, 1978 in Guyana, at the Peoples Temple Agricultural Project (informally called "Jonestown"), a nearby airstrip at Port Kaituma, and Georgetown.
Petitioner

A petitioner is a very specific legal term. It is the person who presents a formal legal petition to a court or a legislature that requests a certain action be taken. A petitioner is also the person who files a motion or an appeal to a higher court. A party who petitions the Supreme Court to review a case is known as either the petitioner or the appellant. The person or entity (such as a corporation or government) who opposes the petition is called a respondent. In some cases a third party, an amicus curiae (friend of the court), may be heard.
Appeal process
In the case of an appeal, the petitioner is usually the party who lost in a lower court. This can be either the plaintiff or the defendant who files the petition to the higher court for judicial review. If the petition is granted, the petitioner files an appellate brief giving the legal arguments for filing the appeal. The respondent is given a short period of time to respond to the brief with arguments for their side of the case and to refute any arguments made by the petitioner. In some jurisdictions, the petitioner is allowed to file a short reply. In all three cases, arguments must be based on the trial record which includes the Transcripts of testimony and evidence from the original trial.
Civil law
In civil law the person who files the case against another person is called the petitioner or plaintiff. In a divorce this is the party who files or starts the action to legally end the marriage.
Jens Okking

Jens Dyhr Okking, (18 December 1939 - 21 January 2018) was a Danish actor and politician. Okking is mostly known outside of Denmark from Lars von Triers TV-series The Kingdom. Okking was a member of the European Parliament in 1999-2003.
Styracosaurus

Styracosaurus was a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous, about 76.5 to 75 million years ago.
Hermann Carl Vogel

Hermann Carl Vogel (born 3 April 1841, died 13 August 1907) was a German astronomer. He was born in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony.
Vogel was one of the first astronomers to use a spectroscope in astronomy. He used it to read the chemicals on planets far away and to measure the time it takes the Sun to spin. He could read it by measuring the Doppler effect.
In 1882, Vogel became the Director at the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam and he is best known for some work there in 1890. Vogel found that the colour of some stars changed over time, becoming red and then later becoming blue. His idea was that the star was moving toward and then away from the Earth, and that the colour changes were the because of that movement. These stars seemed to be orbiting around a hidden star as if they were double-stars but the second star could never be seen, only known by the colour changing Doppler effect.
Volgel proved that Algol was a double star that could not be seen (spectroscopic binary star) and it was one of the first of these double stars proven to exist.
The Bear and the Doll

The Bear and the Doll () is a 1970 French romantic comedy movie directed by Michel Deville and starring Brigitte Bardot, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Daniel Ceccaldi, Julien Verdier, Sabine Haudepin. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Nobuhiro Takeda

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Takeda was educated at and played for Shimizu Higashi High School. He joined Japan Soccer League side Yomiuri in 1986. When Japan's first professional league J1 League started in 1993, Yomiuri was transformed to Verdy Kawasaki (later Tokyo Verdy) for whom he continued to play. His partnership with Kazuyoshi Miura up front was one of the key elements that brought successes to the club in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He was transferred to Jubilo Iwata for the 1996 season but came back to Verdy (1997), then moved to Kyoto Purple Sanga (July 1997-December 1997), JEF United Ichihara (1998-1999), again Verdy (2000), Paraguayan side Sportivo Luqueno (June 2000-December 2000), and finished his playing career at Verdy (2001).
Takeda played 18 times for the Japanese national team between 1987 and 1994. He made his international debut on April 8, 1987 in a 1988 Summer Olympics qualification against Indonesia. He scored his sole international goal in the match. He was a member of the Japan team that won the 1992 Asian Cup but he did not play in the tournament.
Under national coach Hans Ooft, Japan reached the 1994 World Cup qualification final stage for the 1994 World Cup. He was on the pitch, after replacing Masashi Nakayama in the 81st minute, when Japan's hope to play in the finals in the USA was dashed by an injury-time Iraqi equaliser in the last qualifier, the match that the Japanese fans now refer to as the "Agony of Doha" (dohanoBei Ju ).
UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying Group B

This page shows the results for Group B of the UEFA Euro 2012 qualification. Russia qualified, and the Republic of Ireland went to the playoffs.
Green means that the team automatically qualifies.
Blue means the team is going to the playoffs.
The top scorer of the group was Henrikh Mkhitaryan (Armenia) with 6 goals.
Feldberg, Baden-Württemberg

Feldberg is a municipality in Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Wurttemberg in southern Germany. It is near the Feldberg, the highest mountain in Baden-Wurttemberg.
Jimmy Boyd

Jimmy Boyd (January 9, 1939 - March 7, 2009) was an American musician and actor. He became known for his performance and recording of "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus".
He was born James Boyd in McComb, Mississippi. He died from cancer, age seventy, in Santa Monica, California.
Gacha game

A gacha game is a video game that has a mechanic of getting items or characters by spending in-game currency. The items or character players receive is random. The rewards are usually graded by rarity. Players can purchase in-game currency with real-world money.
Some gacha games have a pity system, where after a certain amount of draws without getting anything rare, the system guarantees the player a rare item.
How to Steal a Million

How to Steal a Million is a comedy movie of 1966. It is about a high-skilled art forger that fakes being an art collector. His daughter, Nicole, is concerned about his behavior, and more importantly that he might be caught. Audrey Hepburn plays Nicole.
This movie was released on July 13, 1966.
Magnavox Odyssey

The Magnavox Odyssey is a home video game console made by Magnavox in 1972. It is the first video game console ever made. It is part of the Magnavox Odyssey series.
The console could only display three square dots on the screen, and they could be moved with two controllers. To get a different game, you had to put a sheet of plastic on the TV screen and insert a card into the console that matches the number. It has no switch. The games start automatically if the console is powered.
Nadine Heredia

Nadine Heredia Alarcon de Humala (born May 25, 1976) is a Peruvian politician. She is the wife of former President of Peru Ollanta Humala. She was the First Lady of Peru from 2011 to 2016. She was President of the Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) from 2013 until 2016.
Muhammad in World Scriptures

Muhammad in World Scriptures is a book. It was first published in 1936. Abdul Haque Vidyarthi wrote the book. When wrote the book, it's name was Mithaq-al-Nabiyeen (mythq lnbyyn, Promise of the prophets). It was written in Urdu in 1936. The book was translated in English in 1942 and then it's name was Muhammad in World scriptures. After publication of the translation, the book became very popular across the world. The book claims the mention of Muhammad in scriptures of the world's major religions including Abrahamic religions and Indian religions. The english translation has 3 editions with 3 volumes. The book has been translated in many languages including turkish, Indonesian, french etc. The book das been quoted extensively by many inter-faith scholars including Ahmed Deedat, Zakir Naik, Ved Prakash Upadhyay, Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad, Muhammad Jawad Mughniyya etc.
Víctor Claudio

Victor Claudio is a boxer from Puerto Rico. Victor competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 15 July 1961.
Noriko Horiuchi

Noriko Horiuchi (born 28 October 1965) is a Japanese politician. She has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2012. She is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. In October 2021, she became Minister of State for Vaccinations in the Fumio Kishida cabinet. She was born in Isawa, Japan.
Pheasant

Pheasants are a group of large birds in the order Galliformes. Males pheasants are usually larger than the females, and they have feathers of bright colours and long tails. There are 35 species of pheasant in 11 different genera.
In many countries pheasant species are hunted, often illegally, as game, and several species are threatened by this and other human activities.
Chukar is the official National bird of Pakistan.
Province

A province is a subdivision of a country. It is a kind of local government.
Some countries are divided into provinces. The word "province" comes from the Latin word provincia.
South Africa, Canada, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Spain, and Denmark are examples of countries that are divided into provinces.
In some countries, provinces have different names:
Departement: France
Canton: Switzerland
State: United States, Mexico, Brazil, Australia
Bundesland: Germany and Austria
Voivodeship: Poland
District: Serbia (okrug), Belize, Bhutan
Prefectures (Xian ): Japan
Estados: Venezuela
County: United Kingdom
Suba: Pakistan
Pradesh: the Hindi word for states: Republic of India
Fylke: Norway
Parish: Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago
Departements usually have less power than provinces. States, Bundeslander and autonomous communities have more power than provinces.
Small countries like Singapore or Monaco are not divided.
Robert Louis Freeman Sr.

Robert Louis "Bobby" Freeman (April 27, 1934 - May 16, 2016) was an American attorney and politician. He was born in Plaquemine, Louisiana. He was the Democratic lieutenant governor of the U.S. state of Louisiana from 1980 to 1988. He worked with governor Edwin Edwards. Before becoming a politician, Freeman was an amateur boxer.
Freeman died at a hospital in Baton Rouge, Louisiana from an aneurysm on May 16, 2016, aged 82.
William A. Egan

William Allen Egan (October 8, 1914 - May 6, 1984) was an American Democratic politician. He was the first and the fourth governor of the State of Alaska from January 3, 1959 to 1966 and 1970 to 1974.
Egan died on May 6, 1984 at the age of 69 from lung cancer in Anchorage, Alaska.
Myton, Utah

Myton is a city in Duchesne County, Utah, United States.
Kubo and the Two Strings

Kubo and the Two Strings is a 2016 American animated fantasy movie set in Japan. It stars Charlize Theron, Art Parkinson, Ralph Fiennes, George Takei, Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Brenda Vaccaro, Rooney Mara, and Matthew McConaughey. It was released on August 13, 2016. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Film.
Yukihiro Aoba

Yukihiro Aoba (born 26 July 1979) is a former Japanese football player.
Brad Williamson (ice hockey)

Brad Williamson (born July 4, 1977) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman.
Paul Aussaresses

Paul Aussaresses (7 November 1918 - 4 December 2013) was a French Army general. He fought during World War II, the First Indochina War and Algerian War. His actions during the Algerian War, and later defense of those actions, caused considerable controversy. He was perhaps best known for wearing an eye patch.
Aussaresses was badly criticized in 2000, when in an interview with the French newspaper Le Monde, he defended the use of torture during the Algerian war. He repeated the defense in an interview with CBS's 60 Minutes, further arguing that torture ought to be used in the fight against Al-Qaeda.
Aussaresses died on 4 December 2013 from natural causes in Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines, France, aged 95.
Lakeside, Montana

Lakeside is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Flathead County, Montana, United States. The population was 2,669 at the 2010 census.
DeSoto Parish, Louisiana

DeSoto Parish (French: Paroisse DeSoto) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 26,656. The parish seat and most populous municipality is Mansfield. The parish was formed in 1843.
The Way It Is (Keyshia Cole album)

The Way It Is is the debut studio album by American R&B singer Keyshia Cole; it was released on June 21, 2005, by A&M Records. The album debuted at number 6 on the US Billboard 200 and it was supported by five singles, including "Never", "I Changed My Mind", "(I Just Want It) To Be Over", "I Should Have Cheated" and "Love". The album sold 89,000 units in its first week.
The album was certified gold within 17 weeks, and then platinum, only eight weeks later. The album stayed on the charts for over a year, eventually selling over 1.6 million copies and it is Cole's second highest-selling album to date.
Torn

"Torn" is a song covered by Australian singer-songwriter Natalie Imbruglia from her debut album Left of the Middle.
Imbruglia get for track a Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, losing to Celine Dion's "My Heart Will Go On".
Music video
The music video, directed by Alison Maclean shows Natalie Imbruglia singing along with the song are interspersed with footage of her and Jeremy Sheffield engaging in a romantically conversation. These couple of scenes turn out to be B-roll footage. During the last chorus, the apartment walls start wobbling and the crew comes to dismantle it. Natalie Imbruglia begins to dance during the finishing guitar solo as her "world" crumbles around her.
The video of the song was rated the second best video of all time by MTV Italy.
Chart performance (Sale)
The physical single of Imbruglia's version of the song has sold more than 4 million copies worldwide, including more than 1 million copies in the UK alone. In the UK, it is the 85th biggest selling single of all time. The track peaked at #2 for three weeks, being held off the top spot by Aqua's "Barbie Girl" and then dropped to #4. As a result, the song is the second biggest-selling single in history not to have topped the UK Singles Chart. On 24 September 2007, Natalie Imbruglia's version of the song re-entered the UK Singles Chart at #70, on the strength of digital sales after her greatest hits album was released. In the Flanders region of Belgium, the single peaked at a number one for 7 weeks and charted for 22 weeks.
As of 2011, "Torn" holds the record for most played song on Australian radio since 1990, played more than 300,500 times since its 1998 release.
In the United States, the song peaked at #1 on the Hot 100 Airplay chart for 11 consecutive weeks.
In 2003, "Torn" was declared the No. 1 Best Pop Song on a top 10 list, part of a larger collection of songs by Q magazine in their special edition 1001 Best Songs Ever. Billboard ranked "Torn" the No. 26 Best Pop Song based only on pop radio charts compiled between 1992-2012.
Vladimir Naumov

Vladimir Naumovich Naumov (; 6 December 1927 - 29 November 2021) was a Russian director and writer. His 1981 movie Teheran 43 won the Golden Prize at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival.
Naumov died on 29 November 2021 in Moscow at the age of 93.
Faster Than the Speed of Night (song)

"Faster Than the Speed of Night" is a 1983 song by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler and is the title track from her fourth studio album Faster Than the Speed of Night. It went to number 9 in Norway, number 17 in Ireland and number 43 in the United Kingdom.
Track listing
7" single
"Faster Than the Speed of Night" -- 3:30
"Gonna Get Better" -- 3:06
Executioner tree frog

The executioner tree frog, executioner clown frog or hangman swamp frog (Dendropsophus carnifex) is a frog that lives in the Andes Mountains in Ecuador. Scientists have seen it between 1250 and 2500 meters above sea level. Scientists think it might also live in Colombia.
The adult male frog is 24.6 to 27.7 mm long from nose to rear end, and the adult female frog is 29.2 to 32.5 mm long. This frog is pale in color, light brown to bronze, with darker marks on its skin.
It is called the "executioner tree frog" because scientist John D. Lynch found many of the sample frogs. In English, "lynch" means to kill someone by hanging them by the neck.
Gold

Gold is a soft, dense, yellow metal. It is a chemical element. Its chemical symbol is Au. Its atomic number is 79. As a precious metal, it has been used for many thousands of years by people all over the world, for jewelry, and as money. Gold is important because it is rare, but also easier to use than other rare metals. It is also used to repair and replace teeth and in electronic equipment such as computers. The color of this metal is also called gold.
Mining methods for gold are similar to other metals. Gold is so valued that the discovery of a new place to mine has sometimes caused a gold rush. The deepest workplaces for miners in the world are in South African gold mines.
Often, gold is found as a native metal. This means it is not part of an ore, and does not need smelting. It may be in large, pure nuggets but more often must be separated from other minerals and soil.
Most of the gold on Earth is deep inside the Earth's core because it is dense. Nearly all discovered gold was deposited on the surface by meteorites.
Properties
In chemistry, gold is chemical element 79, a transition metal in Group 11. It has an atomic weight of 199.966 a.m.u. Its symbol is Au, from the Latin word for gold, aurum. It is a "noble metal" meaning it has low chemical reactivity.
Gold is very soft. It is malleable, meaning a goldsmith can hammer it into thin metal sheets. It is also ductile, which means it can be pulled into wire. When it is used in money or in jewelry, it is often alloyed with silver or some other metal to make it harder.
Most metals are gray in color. Gold is yellow because of the way its electrons behave. The only other metal in common use that has a non-gray color is copper. Caesium also has a gold-like color, but it is not commonly used as a metal because it reacts with water.
Gold is a fairly good electrical conductor, better than aluminium, but not as good as copper or silver. Copper and brass electrical connectors, especially those used with computer and audio/video equipment, are often plated with gold for corrosion resistance. Gold is also a good heat conductor, although it is not commonly used for this purpose due to its cost.
Language and culture
Gold can mean that something or someone is very good or has done very well. A gold medal is often the given to the first-place winner in a race or other sports. Something that is in some way good may be given gold status.
Safety
Metallic gold is non-toxic, which is unusual for a heavy metal. Soluble gold compounds, however, are toxic to the liver and kidneys. Gold is non-flammable, even in a pure oxygen environment or when finely powdered. It does not react with most household or laboratory chemicals. Gold is commonly processed with cyanide, which is highly toxic. Most of the cyanide is destroyed in the production process, so it is not present in the final product, but it can be a hazard to workers in a gold processing plant. Since gold conducts electricity, gold jewelry should never be worn when working with electricity.
Laura Spencer (actress)

Laura Spencer (born May 8, 1986) is an American actress.
London Stansted Airport

London Stansted Airport is a large passenger airport in the Uttlesford District of the English county of Essex about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of London. It is about outside Bishop's Stortford and outside Harlow.
Stansted is a hub for a number of major European low-cost carriers. It is the fourth busiest airport in the United Kingdom and is the third largest airport serving the London area after Heathrow and Gatwick; and is one of London's five international airports along with Luton and London City Airports. Stansted is owned and operated by Manchester Airports Group, which also owns and operates three other UK airports, including Manchester and Bournemouth.
The airport had to abandon plans for a second runway after the campaign Stop Stansted Expansion succeeded.
Bot

A bot is a computer program which acts automatically. It may do things that a person wouldn't normally do, or take a long time to do. It is an automated or semi-automated tool or script. They may be simple, or advanced and complex:
Software agents acts for a user doing things which the user programs it for. Software agents which interact with people (such as chatbots) have features which make this possible, such as natural language processing.
More advanced agents:
Intelligent agents can use artificial intelligence.
Autonomous agents change the way they do things to achieve the same objectives. Also, there are multi-agent systems which can work together to get a result which could not be done by a single agent.
Mobile agents can move (relocate) their working to different processors.
Issues with bots
Societies are going through a rapid learning process at present. The freedom of bots to mine data is challenged. By mining data is meant collecting information about use, and about users, so as to advance some commercial or other purpose. In the European Union, for example, bots must now ask for permission to mine data from users. Before, they could collect any data they liked from users inorder to promote the welfare of the companies that used them.
There is a Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases. It is a directive of the European Union in the field of copyright law, made under the Treaty of Rome. The need to protect the data of users is a more recent development.
Data mining is certain to be extremely important in the future. On Wikipedia the use of bots is frequent (see link above), but the use of data mining is minimal.
Flag of Togo

The flag of Togo was created in April 1960.
Appearance
It has five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow. There is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner.
Robert Hughes (critic)

Robert Studley Forrest Hughes, AO (28 July 1938 - 6 August 2012) was an Australian-born art critic, writer and maker of television documentaries.
Early life
Hughes was born in Sydney, Australia in 1938. He had a brother, Tom, who is a politician. Hughes died on August 6, 2012 in The Bronx, New York, aged 74.
Career
In 1970, he became the art critic for Time magazine.
Biodiesel

Biodiesel is a type of fuel prepared by changing vegetable oil, animal fat, special types of algae and possibly even sewage. It is considered a type of renewable energy, since it all comes from living plants and animals. It can be used to power an engine, usually for vehicles, including airplanes. It replaces diesel that comes from petroleum, a type of fossil fuel.
Biofuel prepared from biomass is different since it does not start from oil and uses a different chemical process to make the fuel.
Advantages and disadvantages
Biodiesel is much cleaner and has less pollution than diesel fuel made from fossil fuels. It also acts as a solvent (like soap). In fact, it cleans the engine so much that it might pull out old dirt in the engine and clog up the filters. After the filters are replaced then it is fine.
In the United States and several other places, new laws say that regular diesel fuel must be low in sulfur. This gets rid of pollution, especially acid rain, but it also makes the fuel less slippery. Adding in biodiesel helps keep the fuel slippery and the engine running smoothly.
Most biodiesel comes from plants. This means a lot of farmland is used to grow plants for fuel instead of for feeding animals and people. There are scientists, chemical engineers and agricultural engineers who are studying ways to use algae and saltwater plants to make oil. This would not take away farmland that is used to grow food. Also, some biodiesel comes from waste oil and waste animal fat, that would otherwise be thrown away. NASA is testing biodiesel made from chicken fat to fuel their airplanes.
All diesel fuel has a problem starting an engine in cold weather, but biodiesel has more of a problem. This can be solved by mixing biodiesel and regular diesel at the right mixture. Or by heating the fuel before it is used by the engine. There might be a heater built into the vehicle for this.
Biodiesel from plants
Most biodiesel is made from oilseed. Oilseed is any type of seed that has enough oil in it to be useful in making vegetable oil.
In Brazil, castor beans are the best plants to make biodiesel.
In Germany biodiesel is usually made from rapeseeds.
Soybeans and sunflower seeds are commonly used in the United States.
In Thailand, the raw material will most likely come from palm oil, coconut oil, Jatropha oil, and animal fat.
Jatropha trees also grow in India and Africa.
Some people make their own biodiesel by converting old oil that is used in restaurants to fry foods. The exhaust smells a bit like french fries.
Biodiesel from algae
Someday algae might be used to make more biodiesel than is made today with vegetable oil. Algae can be grown in places that food cannot be grown in, so it would not take food away from people. But right now it is still too expensive, but scientists are looking at ways to make the process better.
Café

A cafe is a type of restaurant which typically serves coffee and tea, in addition to light refreshments such as baked goods or snacks. The term "cafe" comes from the French word meaning "coffee".
A cafe setting is known as a casual social environment where you can find people reading newspapers and magazines, playing board games, studying or chatting with others about current events. It is also regarded as a place where information can be exchanged.
A cafe is sometimes called a coffeehouse or a coffee shop or tea shop in English, a cafe in French and a bar in Italian (cafe or cafe is the common spelling used in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese et al. however the word is spelled "caffe" in Italian). It shares some characteristics of a bar and some characteristics of a restaurant given its selection of foods and beverages served, but is distinct from a cafeteria which is a type of restaurant where customers can choose from many dishes displayed on a serving line. In some countries, cafes are designed to more closely resemble restaurants whereby offering a range of hot meals and possibly licensed to serve alcohol. Most British cafes however, do not sell alcohol likely due to the prominent pub culture.
Cafe variations
In the Netherlands, cannabis-selling cafes face an uncertain future under a planned new law banning smoking in public places. The cafes, which attract millions of tourists each year, allow customers to buy marijuana over the counter and openly smoke it. The acronym CAFE, Cannabis and Fine Edibles is used in Canada to represent the largest retail chain in the country, post-legalization.
A new type of cafe, known as the Internet cafe, was introduced in the 1990s and went hand in hand with the rising prevalence of computers in society. Computers and Internet access in a contemporary atmosphere created a youthful, modern public space compared to existing locales including traditional bars and old-fashioned diners. Nowadays, many cafes offer public wireless Internet or even have computers, telephones, and newspapers for customer use. Further integrating internet usage to the cafe atmosphere, some stores like Starbucks allow you to order directly from your smartphone, tablet, or other devices through their free store app or websites online.
More recently alongside the growing popularity of geek and gaming culture, gaming cafes have also begun to open in cities worldwide. These cafes offer a library of board games and tabletop games, from childhood classics such as Monopoly to indie games, for customers to play at their leisure for a nominal fee.
Kukernag

Kokernag () is a town in the Anantnag District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Pecquencourt

Pecquencourt is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 6,088 people lived there.
Differential privacy

Differential privacy is a mathematically-rigorous definition of privacy. An algorithm uses a dataset to calculate its output. An algorithm is said to be differentially private if, based on its output, it is impossible to tell whether or not a particular individual was in the dataset.
In simpler terms, this property is fulfilled if the algorithm's behavior does not noticeably change when a single individual joins or leaves the dataset.
Yamata-no-Orochi

or , is a mythical Japanese dragon with eight heads and eight tails.
In popular culture
Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba () is a Meitei language play that interweaves the stories of the two legendary creatures, Yamata-no-Orochi of Japanese mythology and Keibu Keioiba of Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology). In the play, the role of Yamata-no-Orochi was played by Maisnam Momocha.
Beverly Hills, California

Beverly Hills is a city in the west of Los Angeles County, California, United States. Beverly Hills and the neighboring city of West Hollywood are surrounded by the city of Los Angeles.
Beverly Hills is bordered on the east by the city of West Hollywood, on the north by Bel-Air and the Santa Monica Mountains, the Carthay neighborhood of Los Angeles, and the Fairfax District of Los Angeles, and on the south by the Beverlywood.
The largest and most expensive homes in Los Angeles County and in the United States are in Beverly Hills. These homes range from really large and luxurious, to more common and modern homes, and then to smaller homes with less than , which is still quite large.
In 2007, Coldwell Banker lists Beverly Hills as having the most expensive houses. The houses in Beverly Hills cost a lot. However the houses are large, spacious, and fancy and that is why a lot of celebrities live there, and also because it is close to Hollywood.
Dick MacPherson

Richard Francis "Dick" MacPherson (November 4, 1930 - August 8, 2017) was an American football coach.
He was born in Old Town, Maine. He served as the head coach at the University of Massachusetts Amherst from 1971 to 1977 and at Syracuse University from 1981 to 1990.
Career
He had a career college football record of 111-73-5. MacPherson was the head coach of the National Football League's New England Patriots from 1991 to 1992, tallying a mark of 8-24. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2009.
MacPherson also served as an assistant coach with the Denver Broncos and the Cleveland Browns.
Personal life
MacPherson died at a hospital in Syracuse, New York on August 8 2017 at the age of 86.
Yanam district

Yanam district is one of the four districts of the Union Territory of Puducherry.
Yanam is a small territory of just 20 km2. It is in Andhra Pradesh. But Yanam district, Mahe district, Karaikal district and Puducherry district comes under Puducherry Union territory, as they were French colonies up to 1954.
Yanam is surrounded by the district of East Godavari of Andhra Pradesh. Yanam district consists of 7 revenue villages and a town. Yanam is a town as well as the district headquarters. The other villages are Agraharam, Darialatippa, Farampeta, Guerempeta, Kanakalapeta, Kurasampeta and Mettakur. The total population of the district is just 55,616, roughly equal to the population of Greenland.
R. Nicholas Burns

Robert Nicholas Burns (born January 28, 1956) is an American diplomat and academic. He is the 13th United States Ambassador to China since 2022. Burns was a professor of diplomacy and international politics at the John F. Kennedy School of Government.
He writes a bi-weekly column on foreign affairs for The Boston Globe.
He was United States Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs within the United States Department of State during the George W. Bush presidency.
President Joe Biden nominated Burns to be Ambassador to China in August 2021. He was confirmed by the entire Senate on December 16, 2021 by a vote of 75-18.
Alfonso XIII

Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 - 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, the monarchy was abolished when the Second Republic was proclaimed.
Alakshmi

Alakshmi is the second wife of demon Kali (demon). She is often recounted as "cow-repelling, antelope-footed, and bull-toothed."
Jack Whitaker

Jack Whitaker (May 18, 1924 - August 18, 2019) was a retired sportscaster.
CBS Sports
He called play-by-play for NFL on CBS, PGA Tour on CBS, NPSL on CBS, NASL on CBS, and Major League Baseball on CBS. His hosting duties at CBS include Thoroughbred Racing, CBS Sports Saturday, and The NFL Today as well as a sideline reporter for the Super Bowl. He was also a game show host. He hosted The Face Is Familiar. Then he moved to ABC Sports.
ABC News and ABC Sports
He was a sports reporter for World News Tonight, a sideline reporter for ABC's coverage of the Super Bowl, and worked on Olympics on ABC.
Swahili coast

Swahili coast refers to the East cost of Africa inhabited by the Swahili people, that is Kenya, Tanzania and the northern part of Mozambique. Sometimes the islands off this coast are also included. Examples of such islands are Zanzibar, Cormoros and Pate.