kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Percentage

Percent means out of one hundred. It is often shown with the symbol "%". It is used even if there are not a hundred items. The number is then scaled so it can be compared to one hundred. Percent is also used to indicate changes in numerical quantities.
For example, we have a bowl of fruit with three apples and one orange. The percentage of apples is 3 out of 4, or 3/4 = 75/100 = 75%.
A percentage is only one way of writing a ratio; one can also write it as a fraction or decimal. There are ways to convert fractions to percentages or decimals to percentages.
Uses
Percentages are useful in practice, because it allows one to compare things that are not out of the same number. For example, exam marks are often percentages, which can compare them even if there are more questions on one exam paper than the other.
Mercy Hospital and Medical Center

Mercy Hospital and Medical Center is a 292-bed general medical and surgical Catholic teaching hospital in Near South Side, Chicago, Illinois. It was built in 1852.
The hospital was the first chartered hospital in Chicago. In 1859, Mercy Hospital became the first Catholic hospital to affiliate with a medical school--Lind Medical School--and the first to require a graded curriculum.
Mercy also is the hospital used by the Daley family: all of their children were born there. Mercy sold a plot of land to the north of their hospital for 60 million dollars in 2008. It is also the main women's cancer center in Illinois.
It accepted patients from Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center and absorbed the ambulance routes when the hospital closed in 2008. In 2012, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center was ranked #35 for all hospitals in the State of Illinois and #27 in the Chicago metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report.
On November 19, 2018, four people were shot near the hospital.
Metz

Metz is a city in France, the prefecture of the Lorraine region and the Moselle department.
History
There was once a city in Roman times, called Divodurum. It was the capital of a Celtic tribe called Mediomatrici. They were called the "Mettis" for short, which is where the name "Metz" comes from. The Romans controlled this city for a long time as an important center in Gallia, but it was captured by Attila the Hun in 451. It was shortly after taken over by the Franks.
Metz remained a very important city, and as the borders changed over the years, it became the capital of Austrasia (from 561 to 751) and of Lotharingia (from 843 to 925), before becoming part of the Holy Roman Empire (from 925). The city was handed to King Henry II of France in 1552. In 1633, it became the capital of a French province called the "Three Bishoprics". The Prussians captured the town in 1870 and Metz once again became part of Germany, until 1918 when it was won back by France. The Germans captured it once more in1940 but France regained it in 1944.
Monuments
In this city, there are a lot of monuments like :
The Opera-theatre, XVIIIdegs, the oldest theatre of France, it is on an island.
The Place Saint-Louis, XIVdegs, it is triangular, with arcaded houses typical of the architecture of Metz.
The Cathedrale Saint-Etienne (St. Stephen's Cathedral), Xdegs, gothic style, with 6000m2 of stained glass.
The Jardin botanique de Metz (Botanical garden of Metz), 1866, there are 490.000 flowers every years and there is a greenhouse.
Climate
Metz has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).
Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor

The Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor was created immediately after World War I. The US Navy decided to recognize via the Medal of Honor two manners of heroism. One in combat and one in the line of a sailor's profession. The original upside-down star was designated as the non-combat version and a new pattern of the medal pendant, in cross form, was designed by the Tiffany Company in 1919. It was to be presented to a sailor or Marine who "in action involving actual conflict with the enemy, distinguish[es] himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty" and without detriment to his mission. This pendant became the Tiffany Cross.
Description
The Tiffany Cross is suspended from the classic light blue Medal of Honor ribbon with 13 white stars. At the ribbon top is a bar with the word "VALOUR". The medal is a gold cross pattee overlaying an oak and laurel wreath on the obverse side, with an antique anchor in each arm of the cross. The center, overlaying the cross, is an octagon with the phrases "UNITED STATES NAVY" to the top and "1917*1918" to the bottom, on the perimeter separated by two stars. The center of the octagon is the Great Seal of the United States. The reverse side is flat, suitable for engraving. Recipients medals often had intricate inscriptions.
Authorization
On 4 February 1919 Congress, in the same act that created the Navy Cross and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Congress provided:
Designed by Tiffany Company, this medal became the Tiffany Cross and eligibility was retroactive to 6 April 1917, when the United States entered World War I.
Inconsistent presentations
Despite the "actual conflict" guidelines, the Tiffany Cross was awarded to Floyd Bennett and Richard Byrd for arctic exploration, and to John Siegel for a rescue at sea. In the words of the Congressional Medal of Honor Society, the Tiffany Cross Program was "poorly regulated and documented."
Unpopularity and deauthorization
The Tiffany Cross was unpopular, perhaps because it so closely resembled the German Iron Cross. Recipients, such as Admiral Byrd, requested, received, and wore the classical inverted star design. Byrd received his Tiffany Cross on 27 February 1927 from President Coolidge. He received his classical Medal of Honor on 20 June 1930 from President Hoover. His motives for the change are not remarked upon. In 1942, the Navy returned to using only the original 1862 inverted 5-point star design, and ceased issuing the award for non-combat action.
Next lower award
During the Tiffany Cross's active status, the next lower naval award was the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, followed by the Navy Cross. By congressional action on 7 August 1942, in the same act that terminated the Tiffany Cross, the Distinguished Service Medal and the Navy Cross swapped places, with the Navy Cross also becoming solely a combat award.
Non-player character

A non-player character (or an NPC) is a character played by a computer in a video game. NPCs are in many video games and help the player learn how to play the game or guide the player through the game.
Developmentalism

The Developmentalism is an economic theory. It says that the best way for third world countries to develop is through a strong and varied internal market and by having high tariffs on imported goods.
Developmentalism is based on the assumptions that:
There are similar stages to development for all countries.
There is movement from one stage to another. This movement goes from traditional or primitive to modern or industrialized.
Paris Lees

Paris Lees is a British journalist and activist for transgender rights. She is a bisexual trans woman. She is an editor for META magazine. She has written for newspapers including The Independent, The Guardian, and The Daily Telegraph. She works with Trans Media Watch. In October 2013 Lees was the first transgender person to be on Question Time. That month she was named by The Independent as the most influential LGBT person in the UK.
Early life
Lees grew up in Hucknall in Nottingham. Until she was eighteen she thought that she was gay.
When Lees was eighteen she was in prison for 8 months for robbery. While she was there she stopped smoking and decided she wanted to live as a woman and go back to college to do her A Levels. She moved to Brighton to study English at university after getting her A Levels.
Otar Patsatsia

Otar Patsatsia () (May 15, 1929 - December 9, 2021) was a Georgian politician. He served as the country's Prime Minister from August 20, 1993 to October 5, 1995.
American pygmy shrew

The American pygmy shrew (Sorex hoyi) is a type of shrew. It found in Northern Alaska, Canada, and the northern and southern United States.
It is found in northern coniferous and deciduous forests of North America. It is believed to be the second-smallest mammal in the world. Because of its fast metabolism, it is always eating.
Description
The American pygmy shrew is the smallest mammal native to North America. Its is about 5 cm (2 in) long. It weighs about 2.0 to 4.5 g (0.07 to 0.16 oz). Its fur is reddish or grayish brown during the summer. It is white-gray during the winter. It molts about two times a year. It has a narrow head with a pointed nose, and whiskers. The eyes are small.
Distribution
They are found from Northern Alaska, to the Rocky Mountains. They are also found from the Great Lakes region, to the Appalachians, to the eastern side of Canada. Even though the American pygmy shrew prefers wet habitats, it has been seen in places with both wet and dry soil.
Feeding
It mainly eats insects and insect larvae, and worms. To stay alive, the American pygmy shrew has to eat every 15 to 30 minutes, day and night.
Predators
Predators of the American pygmy shrew include hawks, brook trout, owls, snakes, and domestic cats.
Reproduction
Little is known about the reproduction of American pygmy shrews. They appear to mate all year round. The gestation period is estimated to be 18 days. Females give birth to three to eight young ones. They usually leave the family at the age of 25 days. The maximum lifespan of an American pygmy shrew is believed to be about 16-17 months.
Behavior
Pygmy shrews dig through soil to look for food. They can use tunnel made by other animals to help them look for food. They do not sleep or rest for a long time. They have great senses of smell and hearing to help them find their food.
Montserrat Caballé

Montserrat Caballe (12 April 1933 - 6 October 2018) was a Spanish (Catalan) operatic soprano. She was one of the greatest opera singers of the 20th century. She sang a wide variety of roles. She was particularly associated with the bel canto repertoire in which she was considered one of the finest modern examples. She had a voice of great range.
Life and career
Caballe was born in Barcelona, Spain. She studied at the Music Conservatory there and graduated in 1954 with a gold medal. She began her professional career in Basel in 1956 as Mimi in La boheme. She then joined the Bremen Opera. She sang from 1959 to 1962 in a wide variety of roles.
International recognition came in 1965, when she appeared in a concert performance of Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia at Carnegie Hall in New York City as a replacement for an indisposed Marilyn Horne. The performance won her great acclaim from the public and critics alike, and it made her an overnight sensation. Her success led to her first performance at the Metropolitan Opera that same year as Marguerite in Gounod's Faust.
She was later invited to sing at most of the major opera houses and festivals of the world. She was especially admired in works by composers such as Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini and Verdi. She revived a number of long-neglected works by these composers.
In 1987, she duetted with Queen frontman Freddie Mercury for the hit single Barcelona. That single became a hit again in 1992 during the Olympics that were being held there.
From 1964 until her death, she was married to tenor Bernabe Marti. They had two children.
Caballe died on 6 October 2018 at the age of 85 from a gallbladder infection in Barcelona.
Notes
Sources
The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
Le Guide de l'Opera, Roland Mancini & Jean-Jacques Rouveroux, Fayard, 1986.
Minigame

A minigame is a small video game found in a bigger video game. There are games that only have mini-games, like Mario Party.
Claude C. Krijgelmans

Claude C. Krijgelmans (9 January 1934 - 5 December 2022) was a Belgian writer, translator and painter. He made his debut in 1959 with the story Moderatus Caligula in Nieuw Vlaams Tijdschrift. Later published among others in , and with De Bezige Bij. Publishing house , founded in 2007, is named after a story from his collection Tandafslag, which was the first publication of this publisher. He won the 1968 Ark Prize of the Free Word for Homunculi. Work of Krijgelmans in part of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp collection.
Krijgelmans emigrated to the United States. He died at home in Reston, Virginia in his sleep on 5 December 2022, at the age of 88.
Val-du-Faby

Val-du-Faby is a commune of 562 people (in the year 2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former communes of Fa and Rouvenac.
Balaclava

A balaclava (or ski mask) is a type of clothing worn over the head. It has holes for eyes, the mouth and the nose. They are normally worn to protect from cold weather, and is often worn by skiers.
The name "balaclava" comes from the town of Balaklava, near Sevastopol in Crimea, Russian Federation.
Étaples

Etaples is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Génissac

Genissac is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Lighthouse of Alexandria

The Lighthouse of Alexandria, or the Pharos, was a tall tower built between 285 and 247 BCE. It was built on the island of Pharos in Alexandria, Egypt to serve as a lighthouse for sailors. The top of the tower had a mirror that reflected sunlight during the day; a fire was lit at night.
The word for "lighthouse" in some languages is pharos or its equivalent.
Construction
Legend holds that Ptolemy I Soter would not allow Sostratus to put his name on the tower, but the architect left the following inscription on the base's walls:
SOSTRATOS DEKsIPhANOU KNIDIOS ThEOIS SOTERSIN UPER TON PLOIZOMENON. (Sostratus of Cnidus, son of Dexiphanes, to the Gods protecting those upon the sea.)
These words were hidden under a layer of plaster, on top of which was chiseled another inscription honoring Ptolemy the king as builder of the Pharos. After centuries the plaster wore away, revealing the name of Sostratus, the son of Dexiphanes.
With a height estimated at between 115 and 145 meters (384 - 469 ft), it was among the tallest man-made structures on Earth for many centuries. It was identified as one of the Seven Wonders of the World by Antipater of Sidon. It was the third tallest building after the two Great Pyramids (of Khufu and Khafra). It was destroyed by earthquakes.
Recent archaeological research
Divers discovered remains of the lighthouse in fall 1994 on the floor of Alexandria's Eastern Harbour. Some of these remains were brought up and were lying at the harbour on public view at the end of 1995. An episode of the PBS television series Nova chronicled the discovery. Later satellite imaging has revealed further remains. It is possible to go diving and see the ruins.
Hello Internet

Hello Internet is a podcast made by YouTube content creators CGP Grey and Brady Haran. It was started in January of 2014 and currently has 136 episodes, two bonus episodes, one episode which was released only as a vinyl record and one as a wax cylinder. Grey said that the podcast had 600,000 to 900,000 downloads per episode in August of 2017.
The podcast features discussions having to do with their lives as professional creators for YouTube, the content of their most recent videos as well as their interests and annoyances. Typical topics include how to behave on the internet, movie and TV show reviews, plane accidents, flags, future studies, Apple devices, and the differences between Grey's and Haran's personalities and lifestyles. Listeners can talk about the podcast in CGP Grey's subreddit, the Hello Internet subreddit, or Twitter, where the hosts are often active. Usually, each episode usually starts with feedback from listeners. The podcast has an official flag called the "Nail & Gear" which was decided by postal referendum.
Charlotte Eagles

The Charlotte Eagles are a soccer club that plays in Charlotte, North Carolina. The team's first season was 1993. They play in the 2nd Division of the United Soccer Leagues.
Wasserburg am Inn

Wasserburg am Inn (Central Bavarian: Wassabuag am Inn) is a town in Rosenheim, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
Sporting Honour

Sporting Honour () is a 1951 Soviet movie directed by Vladimir Petrov. It stars Aleksei Gribov, Grigori Sergeyev, and Margarita Lifanova.
Tom Gannon

Thomas P. Gannon (April 5, 1943 - January 10, 2021) was an American politician. He was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1979 to 2006. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Gannon died on January 10, 2021 in Upland, Pennsylvania at the age of 77.
Scheinfeld

Scheinfeld is a town in Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 14 km northwest of Neustadt (Aisch), and 40 km east of Wurzburg. Schloss Schwarzenberg is next to the town. The town is home to an Adidas testing factory.
Sioux County, Iowa

Sioux County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In the 2020 census, 35,872 people lived there. The county seat is Orange City.
Homs

Homs ( ) is the third largest city in Syria. It used to be called Emesa (Greek: Emesa, Emesa). It is the capital of both the Homs District, and the Homs Governorate. It has 652,609 people (2004). It is on the Orontes River.
Homs is home to the Al-Baath University. The university is one of four major universities in Syria.
Homs has two football clubs. The Al-Karamah Sports Club was founded in 1928 and is one the oldest sports club in Syria. The Al-Karamah Sports Club has won eight Syrian League titles, and eight Syrian Cup titles. The second sports club of the city is Al-Wathba Sports Club. They started in 1937. The Khaled Ibn Al Walid Stadium has a 35,000-seat capacity. The stadium is home to both football clubs.
Jim Forbes (Australian politician)

Alexander James de Burgh Forbes (16 December 1923 - 10 August 2019) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was a government minister under five Prime Ministers: Robert Menzies, Harold Holt, John McEwen, John Gorton and William McMahon. Forbes served as Minister for the Army (1963-1966), Minister for Health (1966-1971) and Minister for Immigration (1971-1972). He was also MP for Barker from 1956 to 1975.
Forbes was born in Hobart, Tasmania. He served in the army during World War II, and was discharged in 1947. He later attended the University of Adelaide and Oxford University. Forbes lived for many years in the suburb of St Peters in Adelaide, South Australia.
Forbes died at a hospital in Adelaide on 10 August 2019. He was 95.
Codex Sassoon

Codex Sassoon may refer to several different manuscripts or codices collected by David Solomon Sassoon.
Notable codices include:
Codex Sassoon 1053, more recently known as Codex S1, a 10th century Hebrew bible which in 2023 was put on commercial auction as the earliest complete Hebrew bible.
Damascus Pentateuch, also known as Codex Sassoon 507, a 10th century copy of the Five Books of Moses.
Luc Oursel

Luc Oursel, (7 September 1959 - 3 December 2014), was a French businessman. He was the former chairman of the board of the nuclear company Areva and member of its Executive Committee.
He resigned on October 20, 2014 for health reasons. Until June 2013, he was the President of the French Nuclear Energy Corporation.
Shiboprosad Mukherjee

Shiboprosad Mukherjee (born 20 May 1974) is an Indian Bengali filmmaker, writer and actor.
Early life and Education
Shiboprosad Mukherjee was born on 20 May 1974 at Baranagar in the northern fringes Kolkata, West Bengal, India. He was a student of Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School and later completed his high school from Hindu School. He pursued his graduation in Political Science Honours from Jadavpur University.
Gone to Coney Island and Booming Business

Gone to Coney Island and Booming Business is a 1910 American silent comedy movie. It stars Anna Rosemond, Frank H. Crane, and Violet Heming.
Plot
The movie tells about a maid named Kate who works at Mrs. Green's house. Her lover works in Coney Island and asks to leave the family and get a job as a salesman, but Mrs. Green is against it.
Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani

Grand Ayatollah Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani (; February 20, 1919 - February 1, 2022) was one of the most senior Twelver Shia Marja. He was a supporter of the Islamic revolution in Iran.
In 2012 he became widely known for his fatwa calling for the death of rapper Shahin Najafi for apostasy.
Golpaygani died in Qom, Iran on 1 February 2022 from cardiac arrest at the age of 102.
Qinhuangdao

Qinhuangdao (Qin Huang Dao ) is a city in the north of China. The name in Chinese means "island of the Qin Emperor" or "Emperor Qin's island", since it was where Emperor Qin Shi Huang sent men to search for immortals, or living beings who cannot die or grow old, across the sea. It is in Hebei Province. It is about east of Beijing, on the Bohai Sea. The city had 2,987,605 people as of 2010. Qinhuangdao is one of fourteen coastal open cities, which are important foreign trade ports in north China. It was approved as a national grade tourist city by the State Council. Famous scenic spots include Shanhaiguan and Beidaihe. Qinhuangdao City is a state-level economic and technological development zone of Qinhuangdao.
Geography
Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, is in the northeast of China , north latitude 39 deg 24 '~ 40 deg 37', longitude 118 deg 33 '~ 119 deg 51'. Qinhuangdao's climate is a humid, temperate, monsoon climate, influenced by the ocean.
Transportation
Qinhuangdao's train station serves the Beijing-Harbin Railway, Daqin Railway and Tsuyama railway. China's first express passenger line between Qinhuangdao and Shenyang Passenger starts here. The line became the official carrier on October 12, 2013.
Qinhuangdao Shanhaiguan Airport has flights from Shijiazhuang, Wuhan and Shanghai.
Qinhuangdao's Port is one of China's bigger energy output ports. It is one of the major ports where China's Shanxi Coal can go to other countries. It is a natural, ice-free harbor.
Industry
The very important industries are glass, ship making, Metallurgy (making gold), and auto parts.
Education
Yanshan University and the Hebei Institute of International Business and Economics (HIIBE) is in Qinhuangdao.
Palazzo Carignano

The Palazzo Carignano is a former palace in Turin, Italy. It was the residence of the Princes of Carignano, a line directly related to the royal family. It is famous for its unique rounded facade. It was also the birthplace of Princess Marie Louise of Savoy. It was the birthplace of Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy, the first king of Italy. The building is near the larger Royal Palace of Turin.
Game engine

A game engine is a tool box that carries all the necessary equipment needed to rapidly build a consistent world just like the real world. For example, in real life you would expect an apple to fall to the floor if you let it go from your hand. Game makers use game engines to apply similar rules into their games which allow consistency across their game.
Components
Main game program
Game engines help game creators make rules for their games, which is also known as game logic.
Rendering engine
The rendering engine creates the 3D images found in video games; most rendering engines rely on dedicated graphics tools and applications to complete these functions. To put it simply, graphics applications like Direct3D, OpenGL, or Vulkan streamline the difficult process of dealing directly with the computers graphics processing unit , the component of the computer that handles the display of images.
Audio engine
The Audio Engine components of the Game Engine incorporates algorithms related to loading and modifying audio input and output. Audio engine's allow developers to load sound onto the game by decompressing and playing audio files to simulate game sound. Possibilities are endless, an example of how complex audio engine's can expand is the idea of a doppler effect. Doppler effects can be represented as echoes, pitch/amplitude adjustments, and oscillations.
Physics engine
Is responsible for emulating realistic laws of physics within the application. This consists of a set of functions for simulating physical forces and collisions. Which acts on various objects within the application during run time.
Artificial intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is implemented into different parts of the main game program. For example, in player vs player video games, AI is used to create bots players can play against.
Twait shad

The twait shad or twaite shad (Alosa fallax) is a fish. It was much eaten, and thought to be one of the best-tasting fish.
Its life style is rather similar to the salmon. The adults live in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, but come up rivers to breed. They have vanished from the dinner table because the Victorians build weirs in the Severn which stopped the fish getting to their breeding grounds The Severn, in SW England, is vital to the fish. It is by far the largest river opening in that part of the Atlantic. Overfishing, pollution and habitat destruction have also helped the shad's decline.
Now, ways round the weirs are being built, so the fish can once again reach its ancestral breeding grounds.
Endymion (poem)

Endymion is one of the major poems of the English Romantic poet John Keats. It is his longest poem. Keats wrote the poem in 1817, and it was printed in a book in 1818. The poem's opening line is one of the most famous lines of poetry in English literature:
A thing of beauty is a joy forever.
Keats called the poem "A Poetical Romance." He wrote in four sections or "Books," and each section is about a thousand lines long. The poem is written in a form called rhymed couplets, which means that every two lines rhyme together. The story is based on the tale of Endymion from Greek mythology.
Endymion was criticized harshly when it was first published. Some of Keats's friends and admirers, like the poet Shelley, believed that the stress of this hostile reaction had a bad effect on Keats's mind, and partly caused his early death from tuberculosis at the age of 25. But most modern critics and scholars of English literature do not think this is true.
Firmware

In computing, firmware is a computer program that is "embedded" in a hardware device and is an essential part of the hardware. It is sometimes called embedded software. An example is a microcontroller, a part of the microprocessor that tells the microprocessor what actions to take. It can also be a larger program stored on flash memory, or uploaded onto existing hardware by a user.
As its name suggests, firmware is somewhere between hardware and software, connecting the two worlds. It can mean slightly different things to different people, especially as stand-alone electronic devices become more like computers. Like software, it is a computer program which is run by a microprocessor. But it is also linked to a piece of hardware and has no meaning without it.
On a Computer
A computer can have both firmware and software. The firmware is permanently stored in the computer, such as the BIOS, and cannot be easily changed or added to. Software, even the OS, can be replaced by reformatting the hard drive. Software includes the applications that a person operating a computer sees, like a web browser or a word processor. Sometimes a device driver is called firmware, since it is needed to run that piece of hardware, like a printer or a video card. The device driver is on the main part of the computer and can be easily updated (if an update exists).
On an Electronic Device
Other electronic devices may not look like a computer, but they still have an embedded system such as a microcontroller inside, with a program telling them what to do. This is also firmware. A TV cable box, an elevator controller and a card reader in a hotel door lock all run firmware. In this case, the firmware is the only software on the device and it runs everything, from handling button presses to turning motors on or off.
In the past, firmware was stored in ROMs but now it is often stored in media that can be written to such as EEPROMs and Flash. Firmware in many machines such as routers can now be updated without any special hardware, other than a computer and a USB cable. This is done by downloading a new version from the World Wide Web to update the device, using instructions from the device manufacturer.
An electronic device is said to be "bricked" if it cannot be started because of firmware issues. It is then as useful as a brick. Loading the wrong firmware into a device might cause this. Firmware is stored as a binary image file.
Examples
Examples of firmware include:
The BIOS found in IBM-compatible Personal Computers
Code inside a printer (in addition to the printer driver that is on the computer)
Software controlling a heart defibrillator
Software controlling the lights in an office building
Software controlling electronics in a car -- the radio, the ABS (anti-lock braking system), engine controls, etc.
Sequential proportional approval voting

Sequential proportional approval voting (SPAV) is a way of electing candidates that gives proportional representation. It combines approval voting and the highest averages method.
Overview
SPAV elects the candidate who would win an election in Approval voting (ignoring any candidates that were already elected), and then reduces the power of voters who voted for that candidate. This repeats until there are as many elected candidates as necessary.
The strength of a voter's vote after a candidate they voted for wins is equal to (1/m+1), with m being the number of candidates the voter supported that have won so far. For example, a voter who voted for 2 candidates that won and 3 that did not has only 1/3rd of their vote power remaining.
Stanisław Konturek

Stanislaw Jan Konturek (8 October 1931 - 8 August 2019) was a Polish physiologist and gastroenterologist. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Learning from 1986 until his death in 2019. He was a professor at the Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum. He was born in Zakliczyn, Poland.
Konturek died on 8 August 2019 in Krakow, Poland at the age of 87.
Gene Siskel

Eugene Kal "Gene" Siskel (January 26, 1946 February 20, 1999) was an American movie critic and journalist for the Chicago Tribune. Along with his friend Roger Ebert, they hosted a series of movie review programs from 1975 until his death in 1999.
Siskel was born in Chicago, Illinois and was educated at Yale University. Siskel was married to Marlene Iglitzen in 1980 until his death, they had 3 children; Kate, Calie, and Will. Siskel died from complications from surgery to remove a brain tumor in Evanston, Illinois, aged 53. He is buried at Westlawn Cemetery in Norridge, Illinois.
Bill Haley

William John Clifton Haley (; July 6, 1925 - February 9, 1981) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He was one of the first to make rock and roll music popular in the 1950s with his band Bill Haley & His Comets. He sold 25 million records worldwide with hits such as "Rock Around the Clock" (1954), "Shake, Rattle and Roll" (1954) and "See You Later, Alligator" (1956).
Personal life
Haley was born in Highland Park, Michigan. At the age of four, he had operation on his inner-ear, which cut an optic nerve, making him blind in his left eye.
He died of a heart attack caused by alcoholism on February 9, 1981 aged 55.
Grammy Hall of Fame
The following recording by Bill Haley was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1982.
Dry county

A dry county is a county in the United States whose government does not allow the sale of any kind of alcoholic beverages. Some don't allow off-premises sales, some don't allow on-premises sale, and some don't allow both. Many dry counties exist in the United States. Most of them in the South. Some smaller jurisdictions also exist, such as cities, towns, and townships, which don't allow alcohol to be sold. These are known as dry cities, dry towns, or dry townships. Dry jurisdictions can be contrasted with "wet" (minimal alcohol prohibitions) and "moist" (fewer prohibitions than "dry" but more than "wet").
John N. Brandenburg

John Nelson Brandenburg (April 29, 1929 - January 14, 2020) was an American lieutenant general in the U.S. Army. He was born in Enid, Oklahoma. He was a commander of the I Corps at Fort Lewis, a post which he served from 1981 to 1984. He was also a commander of the 101st Airborne Division from 1978 to 1980. He retired from the military in May 1984 after 33 years of service.
On January 14, 2020, Brandenburg died at his home in Canton, Georgia. He was 90.
Rosières-près-Troyes

Rosieres-pres-Troyes is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Watchmen (movie)

Watchmen is a 2009 superhero movie based on the acclaimed graphic novel by Alan Moore.
Lamborghini Huracán

The Lamborghini Huracan is a sports car built by Lamborghini. It replaced the Lamborghini Gallardo. It has been produced from 2014 to present. The name Huracan comes from the Spanish language. It means Hurricane. Huracan was also the name of a brave fighting bull. And the Mayan god of wind, storm and fire.
Huracan LP610-4 Coupe (2014-)
The LP610-4 is the base model of the Huracan. It is a coupe with two doors and two seats. The name LP610-4 means that the car has a longitudinal engine with 449 kW and all-wheel drive.
Huracan LP620-2 Super Trofeo (2014-)
The LP620-2'' is a rear-wheel drive version of the LP610-4 coupe. It is built especially for the Lamborghini Blancpain Super Trofeo Series, a race series for Lamborghini only.
Huracan LP610-4 Spyder (2016-)
The LP610-4 Spyder is a convertible version of the LP610-4 coupe. It was first shown at the 2015 International Motor Show Germany in Frankfurt. It has the same engine as the LP610-4 coupe.
Huracan LP580-2
The LP580-2''' is also a coupe on the basis of the LP610-4, but instead has 427 kW and rear-wheel drive. This is to decrease the cost.
Specifications
Engine
The Huracan has the same mid-engine V10 as the Lamborghini Gallardo. It has 449 kW. The displacement of the engine is 5,204 cm3.
Performance
The top speed of the Huracan is 325 km/h. It can accelerate to 100 km/h in 2.5 seconds. The Huracan weighs 1,422 kg, which means it has a power-to-mass ratio of 0.32 kW per kg. The maximum torque is 560 Nm at 6,500 rpm. The CO2 emissions are 290g/km.
Clinton County, Missouri

Clinton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the county had a population of 21,184. Its county seat is Plattsburg. The county was organized January 2, 1833 and named for Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York.
Espelette

Espelette is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in southwest France.
Bua Province

Bua is a province in Fiji. It is on the island of Vanua Levu in the Northern Division.
It has a land area of 1,379 square kilometers. About 15,500 people lived there in 2017.
The Heart of O'Yama

The Heart of O'Yama is a 1908 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Florence Lawrence, George Gebhardt, and D. W. Griffith. The movie is based on the play La Tosca by Victorien Sardou.
Saignelégier

Saignelegier is a municipality in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district of Franches-Montagnes.
The bog and nature preserve around etang de la Gruere is in the municipality.
On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Goumois and Les Pommerats merged into the municipality of Saignelegier.
Iceland at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

Iceland sent people to compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Iceland sent one man to Pyeongchang. He competed in para-alpine skiing.
Team
Iceland sent one man to Pyeongchang. He competed in para-alpine skiing.
The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Iceland") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.
Moral equivalence

Moral equivalence is a term used in political arguments or debate. It is an informal fallacy. The phrase describes a kind of indirect proof, but the reasoning is flawed because it distorts issues. It draws comparisons between different things to make a point that one is just as bad as the other or just as good as the other.
The user of the term imagines a kind of independent position above or beyond the two contenders. The moral equivalence theory allows someone using the term to appear both objective and detached at the same time.
The general form of the context for the use of the trope is
The actions of A are morally equivalent to the actions of B, therefore A is just as good or bad as B, regardless of what the actual actions are.
Doing X is morally equivalent to doing Y, therefore someone doing X is just as good or bad someone doing Y, regardless of what X and Y actually are.
The concept of moral equivalence is not a term of philosophy; rather, it is only a logical fallacy used in arguments.
History
It is usually used to suggest a moral or ethical hierarchy for two sides in a conflict -- that one is better or worse than the other. The term originates from a 1906 speech The Moral Equivalent of War by William James.
The term's popular use was expanded by Jeane Kirkpatrick, who was US ambassador to the United Nations when Ronald Reagan was President of the United States. In 1986, Kirkpatrick published "The Myth of Moral Equivalence" which responded to the argument that there was "no moral difference" between the Soviet Union and democratic states.
Jonathan Schell

Jonathan Edward Schell (August 21, 1943 - March 25, 2014) was an American writer. He was also a visiting fellow at Yale University. He is best known for campaigning against nuclear weapons. He was born in New York City, New York.
Schell died from cancer on March 25, 2014 at his home in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. He was 70 years old.
Faisal Baltyuor

Faisal Baltyuor (Arabic: fySl blTywr) is a Saudi film producer and film industry pioneer and CEO of Muvi Studios .
Career
Baltyuor is a Saudi Film Producer and director since 2004, Former CEO of the Saudi Film Council , headed the film industry development initiatives at the Ministry of culture. Also he is board member at Manga production by Misk Foundation and advisor in 3 Saudi universities and several film foundations. also founded one of the fastest growing distribution companies in Saudi Arabia Cine Waves films, which has the biggest Saudi Film library
Cine Waves films became lately a preferred partner aggregator for Netflix in MENA region. Faisal worked to establish strong relations to initiate education programs with best film schools in US, France, Germany and UK. The programs supported more than 3000 Saudi talents.
and he has created the first Cinema magazine in Saudi Arabia ( Kurrasat ) Faisal holds a master degree in digital media from University of Newcastle in Australia
Faisal worked at King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture where he headed ithra Cinema and film initiatives including the local and international productions, film events and training programs. Faisal is a producer and executive producer of more than 40 feature and short films, some were in the first waves of Saudi films to be acquired by Netflix and some been selected in the official competition of A list film festivals such as Venice International film festival, Toronto international film festival and London international film festival.
Alcides Ghiggia

Alcides Ghiggia (22 December 1926 - 16 July 2015) was a former Uruguayan-Italian football player. He has played for Uruguay national team and Italy national team.
Ghiggia died on 16 July 2015 at his home in Las Piedras, Uruguay from a heart attack at the age of 88.
Arrondissements of the Cher department

There are 3 arrondissements in the Cher department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.
If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.
Arrondissements are further divided into communes.
Tiandao

Tiandao (; Vietnamese: Thien Dao, Japanese: Tendo) is a Chinese word used in many philosophical and religious contexts in China and the Sinosphere. It can also refer specifically to:
Tao, often referred to as Tiandao, is an important concept passed down from ancient Chinese thinkers to the present day.
Jerry González

Jerry Gonzalez (June 5, 1949 - October 1, 2018) was an American bandleader, trumpeter and percussionist. He was of Puerto Rican descent.
Along with his brother, bassist Andy Gonzalez, he played an important role in the development of Latin jazz during the late 20th century. During the 1970s, both played alongside Eddie Palmieri and in Manny Oquendo's Conjunto Libre, and from 1980 to 2018 they directed The Fort Apache Band.
From 2000 to 2018, Gonzalez worked for Los Piratas del Flamenco and El Comando de la Clave.
On October 1, 2018, Gonzalez died of a heart attack after a fire in his home in Madrid, aged 69.
Lori Alan

Lori Alan is an American actress and voice actress. She has played a long-running role as Pearl Krabs in SpongeBob SquarePants. She also voiced Diane Simmons in Family Guy, the Invisible Woman on Fantastic Four and The Boss in the Metal Gear series.
Ish Sodhi

Inderbir Singh "Ish" Sodhi is a New Zealand cricketer from India. He plays for the New Zealand national cricket team. He was born on October 31, 1992.
Hideyuki Mukai

(born June 8, 1969) is a Japanese researcher and educator.
Publications
2012(31 May)
Jack London

John Griffith "Jack" London (born John Griffith Chaney, January 12, 1876 - November 22, 1916) was an American writer. He wrote many books. He lived in the U.S. state of California but also spent a lot of time in Hawaii and Alaska.
His most famous book was The Call of the Wild. The Call of the Wild is about a dog named Buck who is taken to Alaska to work with a pack of dogs pulling a sled. This book took place during the Klondike Gold Rush. Many people bought The Call of the Wild and Jack London became a famous writer. He also wrote other books about dogs and wolves. Another one of his famous books is White Fang.
Jack London was also a hobo at one time. He wrote a book about this called The Road. Jack London had political beliefs. He was a socialist. One of his famous books is The Iron Heel, which is the story of the government using force against the socialist movement.
He also spent some time at sea and making a living as an "oyster pirate". He wrote many books about sailing and boats. One of his best-known books about life at sea was The Sea Wolf.
He married Charmian London born Kittredge (second wife). He was on the vanguard of animal welfare and attempted a model pig farm, and experimented with early ecological agriculture. He died in a state of depression.
Hamster

Hamsters are rodents belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae. The subfamily contains about 25 species in six or seven genera. They have become established as popular small house pets. They are a bit like a mouse. Wild hamsters live in the desert, but people all over the world keep domesticated hamsters as pets.
In the wild, hamsters are crepuscular and stay underground during the day. They feed on seeds, fruits, and vegetation, and occasionally eat burrowing insects. Hamsters are distinguished by their large cheek pouches, and relatively short tail. They use their long cheek pouches (extending to their shoulders) to carry food back to their burrows.
Hamsters as pets
There are six main types of hamsters: the Syrian hamster (the kind most people have as pets), winter whites, campbells, the Russian dwarf hamster (a hybrid of winter white and Campbell's dwarf hamsters), the Chinese hamster, and the Roborovski hamster. Unlike other species, the Chinese hamster has a long tail. All Syrian hamsters are the descendants of 12 baby hamsters found in Syria in 1930.
Pet hamsters should live in cages with wood shavings or recycled newspaper (pine or cedar shavings are toxic to hamsters). Plain toilet paper is also a cheap, safe option, but straw should only be given in small amounts. Hamsters eat mostly hamster food sold at a pet shop, but they can also eat many vegetables and fruits in small portions. Hamsters store food in natural pouches in the sides of their mouths.
Because they are rodents, hamster incisors grow constantly. They need wooden blocks and hard food to wear the teeth down and prevent them from getting too long. Most hamsters also have a wheel to run on for exercise. A 6-inch (15 cm) wheel is recommended for most dwarf hamsters, and at least an eight-inch (20 cm) wheel for Syrians. If the wheel is too small, the hamster's spine can become bent. Some people get other kinds of exercise equipment for their hamsters, like a "hamster ball" in which the hamster can roll around the floor (though these are not recommended by some animal welfare groups), or a long network of tubes with air holes for hamsters to crawl through. They should live in a tank or cage. Hamsters are not recommended for young children.
Mr. Freeze (roller coaster)

Mr. Freeze: Reverse Blast (previously known as Mr. Freeze) is a steel launched shuttle roller coaster.
Sapodilla

Manilkara zapota is a fruit tree in the Sapotaceae family. It is commonly known as the Sapodilla or Sapota. It is from southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. It is often grown for its fruit, which has a very malty and sweet flavor, and tastes like a pear.
Cindy Adams

Cynthia "Cindy" Adams (nee Sugar; later Heller; born April 24, 1930) is an American gossip columnist and writer. She is the widow of comedian/humorist Joey Adams. She was born in New York City.
She began to work as a photographer's model in Manhattan. Since 1979, Adams has written a gossip column for the New York Post, a New York City newspaper. She also contributed to Sunday Today in New York. Adams became a syndicated newspaper columnist in 1981.
Roundheads

The Roundheads were a group of people who supported Parliament & Oliver Cromwell during the English Civil War. They were also called 'Parliamentarians'. They fought against Charles I and the Cavaliers otherwise known as 'Royalists'. The Parliamentary army put their soldiers in red coats. The British army continued using red in later centuries.
Some Puritans, but by no means all, wore their hair closely cropped round the head or flat and there was an obvious contrast between them and the men of fashion, who wore long ringlets. "Roundheads" appears to have been first used as a term of derision toward the end of 1641, when the debates in Parliament in the Clergy Act 1640 were causing riots at Westminster. According to John Rushworth the word was first used on 27 December 1641 by a disbanded officer named David Hide, who during a riot is reported to have drawn his sword and said he would "cut the throat of those round-headed dogs that bawled against bishops". A few decades later "Whigs" was the word for men of similar opinions.
Jimmie Walker

James Carter "Jimmie" Walker, Jr. (born June 25, 1947) is an American actor and comedian. He was known for playing James Evans Jr. (J.J.) on the CBS television series Good Times, which ran from 1974 to 1979.
3 Maccabees

The book of the 3 Maccabees is found in most Orthodox Bibles.
However, the book actually has nothing to do with the Maccabees. It does not have anything to do with their revolt against the Seleucid Empire, either (as described in 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees). Instead, it tells the story of persecution of the Jews under Ptolemy IV Philopator (222-205 BC). The name of the book seems to come from the similarities between this book and the stories of the martyrdom of Eleazar and the Maccabeean youths in 2 Maccabees. The High Priest Shimon is also mentioned.