kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Nauru Bwiema

"Nauru Bwiema" (; "Nauru, Our Homeland") is the national anthem of Nauru.
Lyrics
The lyrics are in the Nauruan language.
Colin Bean

Colin Bean (15 April 1926 - 20 June 2009) was an English actor. He was best known for his role as Private Sponge in the BBC comedy series Dad's Army. He appeared in 45 episodes between 1968 and 1977. He also had roles in Are You Being Served?, Hi-de-Hi! and Z Cars.
Bean was born in Wigan, Lancashire (now Greater Manchester). He died on 20 June 2009, aged 83.
Flatworm

Flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Greek "platy"': flat; "helminth": worm) are a phylum of invertebrates. They are relatively simple animals. They have soft bodies.
With about 25,000 known species, they are the largest phylum of animals without a body cavity. Flatworms can be found in marine, freshwater, and even damp terrestrial environments.
A troublesome terrestrial example is the New Zealand flatworm, Arthurdendyus triangulatus. It is an invasive species which colonized large areas of Ireland and Scotland. It was brought there by accident in the 1960s. Since then, it has destroyed most of the indigenous earthworms.
Most free-living flatworms found in Britain are very small ranging from 5mm to less than 1 cm. They are usually black and can easily be mistaken for debris. These are mostly found in freshwater rivers or streams and are of the Turbellaria class.
Most flatworms (over 50%) are parasitic on other animals. There are four classes:
Trematoda (Flukes): internal parasites.
Cestoda (Tapeworms): internal parasites.
Monogenea: external parasites.
and
Turbellaria: free-living flatworms, sometimes called 'Planarians'. Planaria is actually a genus.
Flatworms are one of the invertebrate groups which are studied in school biology. The main reason for this is that they may infect humans, pets and farmyard animals. Some do enormous harm to humans and their livestock. Schistosomiasis, caused by one genus of trematodes, is the second most devastating of all human diseases caused by parasites, surpassed only by malaria. Effective treatments are now available for these infections. Also, in first-world countries, regulations on domestic cattle prevent infected meat from reaching the human hosts.
Cogolin

Cogolin is a commune of 11,556 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Chameleon

Chameleons are a family of lizards. Most can change the colour of their skins for camouflage, or to signal mood to other chameleons.
They are a distinct clade of lizards. They have parrot-like zygodactylous feet, Their eyes are separately mobile and stereoscopic. Their very long tongues can flick out, and their movement sways like leaves in the wind. Their prehensile (grabbing) tail can hang onto branches and many can change colour. They eat insects.
There are about 160 species, living in Africa, Madagascar, Spain and Portugal, across south Asia, Sri Lanka. They have been introduced to Hawaii, California and Florida, and are found in warm habitats that vary from rain forest to desert conditions. Chameleons are often kept as household pets.
Chameleons have long sticky tongues that they can fire out in a fraction of a second. They stretch up to twice their body size. Their eyes can move independently. The largest species is about 1.5 feet when fully grown. They are mainly insectivores, but larger species may take occasional smaller lizards and young birds.
Tiny chameleons
The world's tiniest reptile has been found on Madagascar. It is a chameleon 13.5mm long. It hunts for mites on the rainforest floor and hides from predators at night in blades of grass. Other species of tiny chameleons have been found.
Vision
Chameleons have 360-degree eye-turning, the ability to zoom in and out, and binocular vision.
Each of the chameleon's eyes can move separately, allowing them to see all around them at all times.
Chameleons have two eyes whose vision overlaps. This gives them 3D vision. They can switch to monocular vision, which is seeing with each eye independently. This gives them more flexible sight.
Hōtoku

was a after Bun'an and before Kyotoku. This period started in July 1449 and ended in July 1452. During this time, the emperor was .
Events of the Hotoku era
8 May 1449 (Hotoku 1, 16th day of the 4th month): Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa is honored with the gift of a sword from the emperor.
1451 (Hotoku 3, 7th month ): A diplomatic mission from the Ryukyu Islands is received for the first time in Heian-kyo (Kyoto).
1451 (Hotoku 3, 8th month ): Shogun Yoshimasa sent a letter to the Emperor of China.
Related pages
Muromachi period
Scott County, Minnesota

Scott County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2020, 150,928 people lived there. The county seat is Shakopee.
Jordan Sinnott

Jordan James Sinnott (14 February 1994 - 25 January 2020) was an English footballer. He played as a midfielder. His father, Lee Sinnott, captained Huddersfield Town.
Sinnott was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire. His professional career lasted from 2012 until his death in 2020. He played for Huddersfield Town, Altrincham, Bury, Halifax Town, Chesterfield, Alfreton Town and Matlock Town during his career.
On 25 January 2020, Sinnott was found beaten in Retford, Nottinghamshire. He died later that day at the age of 25.
Mike Burney

Mike Burney (1 November 1944 - 13 November 2014) was an English jazz saxophonist. He was known for his performance in Roy Wood's band Wizzard playing the saxophone.
Burney died from cancer, aged 70.
Jerome Bettis

Jerome Bettis (born February 16, 1972) is a former American football player. He was a running back for the Pittsburgh Steelers. He is now retired. His nickname is "The Bus".
Jerome Bettis was picked in the first round (10th overall) of the 1993 NFL draft by the Los Angeles Rams. On July 22, 1993, Bettis signed a three-year $4.625 million contract with a signing bonus over $2 million. He was named a First-Team All-Pro and Offensive Rookie of the Year. He rushed for over 1,000 yards in each of his first two seasons with the Rams.
Governor Jennifer M. Granholm of the State of Michigan declared February 1, 2006 to be Jerome Bettis Day.
Flesch Reading Ease

The Flesch Reading Ease (FRES) score says how easy something is to read. J. Peter Kincaid and others made this formula for the U.S. Navy in 1975.
How it works
The FRES test works by counting the number of words, syllables, and sentences in the text. It then calculates the average number of words per sentence and the average number of syllables per word. The idea is that shorter words and shorter sentences are easier to read. The higher the score, the easier the text is to understand. The formula is:
Some points of reference for the score are:
The highest score possible is 121.22. It is gained if every sentence only has a one-syllable word.
"The cat sat on the mat" scores 116. There is no lower limit to this score. Some very complicated
sentences can have negative scores.
The Flesch score is usually lower for technical documentation because the topic itself is complicated.
Someone who uses the test regularly will develop a sense of a reasonable score for this type of writing.
They can then aim to align with this score.
The Flesch score for this subsection is 74.
Vaginitis

Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina. It may result in discharge, itching and pain. Vulva irritation or infection is often involved. It is usually because of the latter.
A woman having this condition may have these symptoms:
irritation and/or itching of genital area
foul vaginal odor
vaginal discharge
irritation/pain with sexual intercourse
inflammation
Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal sickness in women.
Blood In Blood Out

Blood In Blood Out (also known as Bound by Honor and Blood In Blood Out: Bound By Honor) is a 1993 American Mexican epic crime drama movie directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Damian Chapa, Jesse Borrego, Billy Bob Thornton, Benjamin Bratt, Delroy Lindo, Danny Trejo, Ving Rhames, Lanny Flaherty, Raymond Cruz. It was distributed by Hollywood Pictures.
Cockneys vs Zombies

Cockneys vs Zombies is a British zombie apocalypse-comedy film produced by Limelight Molinare and co-Director
Matthias Hoene starring Harry Treadaway, Rasmus Hardiker, Michelle Ryan, Georgia King, Richard Briers, Honor Blackman and Alan Ford.
Egyptian Army

The Egyptian Army is the largest service branch in the Egyptian Armed Forces. The modern army was started by Muhammad Ali Pasha (ruled 1805-1849), the founder of modern Egypt.
The most significant engagements by this army in the 20th century were in Egypt's five wars with the State of Israel (in 1948, 1956, 1967, 1967-1970, and 1973). In one of those wars, the Suez Crisis of 1956, the army also struggled against the forces of Britain, and France.
The Egyptian army also engaged in the North Yemen civil war, and the brief Libyan-Egyptian War in July 1977. Its last major engagement was Operation Desert Storm, the liberation of Kuwait from Iraqi occupation in 1991, in this operation, the Egyptian army was the second-largest of the allied forces.
In 2014, the army had about 310,000 soldiers, approximately 90,000-120,000 of them are professionals, while the rest are conscripts.
Flotsam and Jetsam

Flotsam and Jetsam is an American thrash metal band made in Phoenix, Arizona, in 1981. Before 1984, the band used three other names: Paradox, Dredlox and Dogz. The current members of the band are singer Eric Knutson, guitarists Michael Gilbert and Steve Conley, bassist Bill Bodily, and drummer Ken Mary. Many people have joined and left the band. Knutson is the only person who has been in the band since 1981. Jason Newsted used to be in the band, but left to join Metallica.
Flotsam and Jetsam have made fourteen studio albums. Their newest album is Blood in the Water. It was released in 2021.
The House with a Clock in Its Walls

The House with a Clock in Its Walls is a 2018 American fantasy comedy movie directed by Eli Roth and was based on the 1973 novel of the same name by John Bellairs. It stars Jack Black, Cate Blanchett, Owen Vaccaro, Renee Elise Goldsberry, Sunny Suljic, Colleen Camp, Lorenza Izzo, Kyle MacLachlan and was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Sin-le-Noble

Sin-le-Noble (; ) is a commune in the Nord in northern France. In 2019, 15,428 people lived there.
Gender binarism

Gender binarism or genderism is the social system or belief that gender is binary and that there are only two gender identities, feminine or masculine.
Airpush

Airpush is an American private company founded in 2010 working in the sphere of mobile advertising. It is one of the largest mobile ad platforms. The company is based in Los Angeles, California. Airpush was founded by Asher Delug.
Roger Christian

Roger Christian (born 25 February 1944) is an English set decorator, production designer and feature movie director. Christian was born in London, England.
He won an Academy Award for his work on the original Star Wars and was Oscar-nominated for his work on Alien. Christian directed the second unit on both Return of the Jedi and Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace as well as feature movies including The Sender and Nostradamus. He also directed the 2000 movie Battlefield Earth which is regarded as one of the worst movies ever made.
In 2006, he directed an action/adventure/mystery movie, Prisoners of the Sun, starring John Rhys-Davies, David Charvet, Carmen Chaplin, and Gulshan Grover.
Camila Mendes

Camila Carraro Mendes is an American actress. She was born in Charlottesville, Virginia. She is known for playing Veronica Lodge on The CW teen drama series Riverdale.
Alburnoides eichwaldii

Alburnoides eichwaldii is a type of freshwater fish that lives in temperate waters.
Rolandas Paksas

Rolandas Paksas (born 10 June 1956) is a Lithuanian politician who was President of Lithuania from 2003 until his impeachment and removal from office in 2004. He was Prime Minister of Lithuania in 1999 and again from 2000 to 2001, and he was Mayor of Vilnius from 1997 to 1999 and again from 2000 to 2001.
He is thought to be worst President of Lithuania in modern history.
Daigo Watanabe

Daigo Watanabe (born 3 December 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kyoto Sanga. He has 2 younger brothers, Kazuma Watanabe and Mitsuki Watanabe, who are both footballers.
John Franzese

John "Sonny" Franzese, Sr. (February 6, 1917 - February 24, 2020) was an Italian-American longtime member and underboss of the Colombo crime family. Franzese was famous as the oldest active member of the American Mafia. Franzese was an associate producer of the 2002 movie This Thing of Ours.
Franzese was born in Naples and raised in New York City.
Franzese was released from the Federal Medical Center in Devens, Massachusetts on June 23, 2017, at the age of 100.
Franzese died on February 24, 2020, in a New York City hospital at the age of 103.
Grenade (song)

"Grenade" is a song by the singer and songwriter Bruno Mars. It was released in September 2010. Critical reception was mostly positive. The song reached #1 in many countries. "Grenade" is a heartbreak single about masochism during love relationships.
2010 songs
Pop songs
Bruno Mars songs
Within Temptation songs
Una Mae Carlisle

Una Mae Carlisle (December 26, 1915 - November 7, 1956) was an American jazz singer-songwriter and pianist.
When Carlisle was still a child, she performed often on WHIO (AM) in Dayton, Ohio.
In 1932, when Carlisle was still in her teens, Fats Waller discovered her while she was a Cincinnati, Ohio performer. Her piano style was influenced by Waller's. She incorporated humor into her sets.
Carlisle played by herself starting in 1937. Late in the 1930s, she toured Europe repeatedly and recorded with Waller.
In the 1940s, Carlisle recorded as a leader with Bluebird Records.
Carlisle also saw success as a songwriter. Her 1941 song, "Walkin' by the River", made her the first black woman to have a composition on any United States' Billboard chart. She had her own radio show The Una Mae Carlisle Radio Show on WJZ-ABC. That made her "the first Black American to host a national radio show." Later in the 1940s, Carlisle hosted several television programs.
Carlisle was born in Zanesville, Ohio. She died from pneumonia at the age of 40 in Harlem, New York City.
Octuple whole note

The octuple whole note (also called a maxima, duplex longa, or larga) is a note that has a value of 8 times a whole note, which is where it gets its name. In the time signature it has a value of 32 beats or 8 measures.
Maniche

Maniche (born 11 November 1977) is a Portuguese football player. He plays for Koln and Portugal national team.
The Avengers (movie)

The Avengers is a 2012 American superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers. It is produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sixth movie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and the last movie of Phase One. It premiered in Los Angeles on April 11, 2012 and was released in the United States on May 4. The movie was written and directed by Joss Whedon. It stars Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Tom Hiddleston, and Samuel L. Jackson, with Stellan Skarsgard, Clark Gregg, Cobie Smulders, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Paul Bettany in supporting roles. It was positively welcomed from audiences, fans, and film critics alike. Three sequels have been released, titled Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).
Père Goriot

Le Pere Goriot (, "Old Goriot" or "Father Goriot") is an 1835 novel by French novelist and playwright Honore de Balzac (1799-1850). It is in the Scenes de la vie privee section of his novel sequence La Comedie humaine. It is set in Paris in 1819. It follows the lives of three characters: the elderly Goriot, a mysterious criminal named Vautrin and a naive law student named Eugene de Rastignac.
The novel takes place during the Bourbon Restoration. It brought major changes to French society. The struggle by individuals to reach a higher social status is a major theme in the book. Balzac analyzes through Goriot and others the nature of family and marriage that provides a pessimistic view of them.
Publication
In the first book edition, the novel had seven chapters:
In the first volume:
Une Pension bourgeoise (A Bourgeois Boarding House)
Les Deux Visites (The Two Visits)
L'Entree dans le Monde (The Entrance into the World)
In the second volume:
L'Entree dans le Monde (Suite) (The Entrance into the World (Continuation))
Trompe-la-Mort (Cheat-the-Death, Death-Dodger, or Dare-Devil)
Les Deux Filles (The Two Daughters)
La Mort du Pere (The Father's Death)
The character Eugene de Rastignac had appeared as an old man in Balzac's earlier philosophical fantasy novel La Peau de chagrin. While writing the first version of Le Pere Goriot, Balzac named the character "Massiac", but he decided to use the same character from La Peau de chagrin. Other characters were changed in a similar way.
Legacy
Le Pere Goriot is widely considered Balzac's essential novel. Its influence on French literature has been considerable, as shown by novelist Felicien Marceau's remark: "We are all children of Le Pere Goriot."
In his book Le Pere Goriot: Anatomy of a Troubled World, Martin Kanes calls it "the keystone of the Comedie humaine". It is the central text of Anthony Pugh's study Balzac's Recurring Characters. Entire chapters have been written about the detail of the Maison Vauquer.
Thus, says Balzac biographer Graham Robb, "Goriot is one of the novels of La Comedie humaine that can safely be read in English for what it is."
According to the editor of the Norton Critical Edition, Peter Brooks, the book is now seen as "the most endurable and popular of Balzac's myriad works" and a "classic of the [18th]-century European novel".
A well-known line of this book by Balzac is when Vautrin tells Eugene, "In that case I will make you an offer that no one would decline."
This has been reworked by Mario Puzo in the novel The Godfather (1969) and its movie adaptation (1972) as "I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse".
It was ranked as the second most significant cinematic quote in AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes (2005) by the American Film Institute.
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1949

The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1949 was a law that was passed in South Africa in 1949. It was one of the first laws passed during an era known as Apartheid. It made it illegal for "white people" to marry "non-white people". One year later, another law required all people living in South Africa to register as one of four racial groups. The other groups were Black, Coloured and Asian. The law did not criminalize sexual relationships between people of the other groups.
The law was changed in 1968 and abolished in 1985.
According to a study by the South African Statistical Office, there were 1393 mixed-race marriages in 1987; this accounts for 2.1 percent of all marriages of that year.
Dommartin, Ain

Dommartin is a former commune. It is found in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region in the Ain department in the east of France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of Bage-Dommartin.
La Habra, California

La Habra is a city in Orange County, California, United States.
Houdain

Houdain is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Habo Wolley

Habo Wolley is a volleyball club in Habo in Sweden. The club started in 1987. The men's team qualified for the Swedish top division, Elitserien, in 1998.
Ultratop 50 Singles

Ultratop 50 Singles, often called Ultratop 50, is the weekly chart of fifty best-selling singles in Flanders, Belgium. Ultratop 50 and is produced and published by the Ultratop organization. The chart has existed since March 31, 1995. It is published in Dutch, French, and English, and is presented on several Belgian radio stations as well as on TMF Flanders television.
Its equivalent in the Wallonia region of Belgium is known as the "Ultratop 40 Singles" chart.
Three other charts from the Ultratop organization bear similar names: two separate and usually different charts named "Ultratop 50 Albums" tracking weekly album performance in the Dutch-speaking Flanders and French-speaking Wallonia regions, respectively; and one chart named "Ultratop 50 Alternative Albums". All of these charts, too, are published in three languages.
Ouija board

The Ouija (pronounced wee-jee or wee-jah) is a game board supposedly used to talk to the dead. It is designed to be a fun activity based on self-deception. They are also called "spirit boards" or "talking boards. It is a flat board with the numbers 0-9 and all the letters of the alphabet. It has the words "yes" and "no" at the top with the word "goodbye" on the bottom. The board uses a planchette, which is a small wooden plank in the shape of an upside down heart. It has a glass circle (or plain hole) in the top. The player asks a question. Then one or more players guide the planchette to the letters or numbers to spell out a message. However, Scientists know the game is based on the ideomotor effect. A participant believes they are not controlling the message, that it comes from ghosts or spirits. It can seem very mysterious. But anyone can test a Ouija board by blindfolding or hiding the board from the ones moving the planchette. What usually results is gibberish and no message.
Ternat

Ternat is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 14765 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 52 North, 04deg 10 East.
Birgitta Ulfsson

Birgitta Margaretha Ulfsson, (1 July 1928 - 8 October 2017) was a Finnish actress and theater director. She was born in Helsinki. She started her career at Svenska Teatern, a theater in Helsinki for Swedish-language theater productions. She later moved on to Lilla teatern.
Between 1952 and 1984 she was married to actor Lasse Poysti. She was known for her narrator role for the television series Rederiet.
Ulfsson died in Helsinki on 8 October 2017 at the age of 89.
Saint-Aubin, Fribourg

Saint-Aubin is a municipality in the district of Broye in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 1991, the former municipality of Les Friques merged into Saint-Aubin.
Gironde (disambiguation)

Gironde is a department in southwestern France.
Mayo Doko

is a Japanese football player. She plays for the Japan national team.
Biography
Doko was born in Toda on May 3, 1996. In 2012, when she was 15 years old, she joined Nadeshiko League club Nippon TV Beleza (later Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza) from their youth team. She played many matches as center back from first season. The club also won the champions for 5 years in a row (2015-2019).
In August 2012, when Doko was 16 years old, she was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2012 U-20 Women's World Cup was held in Japan. At this tournament, she played as center back in all 6 matches and Japan won the 3rd place. On July 29, 2018, Doko debuted for the Japan national team as substitute center back from the 68th minute instead Aimi Kunitake for injury against Brazil.
Olga Tokarczuk

Olga Nawoja Tokarczuk (; born 29 January 1962) is a Polish writer and activist.
In 2018, she won the Man Booker International Prize for her novel Flights, becoming the first Polish writer to do so. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for the year 2018 (awarded in 2019).
Teylingen

Teylingen is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 37,061 people lived there.
It was created on 1 January 2006 from the former municipalities of Sassenheim, Voorhout, and Warmond.
Liège (province)

Liege (, , , , , , ) is the easternmost province of the Walloon Region, in Belgium. Its capital is the city of Liege.
It is an area of French and German ethnic groups. Most of its inhabitants speak French and a minority of them speaks German.
History
The present province comes from a department created by the French government in the late eighteenth century, the Department of Ourte. In 1815, after the defeat of Napoleon, the eastern part (Eupen, Malmedy, Saint-Vith and four other German municipalities) was given to the Prussian empire.
While maintaining the French administrative borders, King William I of the Netherlands gave back the more traditional names of the provinces instead of the names used by the French. He named the province as Liege, remembering the old principality of Liege, although the region did not correspond much to the old principality.
In 1919, after the Prussian defeat, the cantons Eupen, Malmedy and Saint-Vith were again part of the province of Liege.
Geography
The province of Liege is in southeastern Belgium and borders on (clockwise from the North) the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and in Belgium the provinces of Luxembourg, Namur, Walloon Brabant (Wallonia), and those of Flemish Brabant and Limburg (Flanders).
The province has an area of and a population of about 1,111,000 in 2022. The province is divided into four arrondissements (arrondissementen in Dutch) with 84 municipalities, 75 French-speaking municipalities and 9 German-speaking municipalities.
With , the Signal de Botrange is the highest point of the province and of Belgium. It is in Waimes, Verviers district.
Rivers
The main river is the Meuse (Dutch: Maas) river; its source is in France, in Champagne-Ardenne and then flows through Belgium by the provinces of Namur and Liege. After , it flows into the North Sea.
Other rivers in the province are:
Ourthe, tributary of the Meuse.
Vesdre, also a tributary of the Meuse.
Ambleve, tributary of the Ourthe.
Warche, tributary of the Ambleve.
Geer, another tributary of the Meuse.
Administrative divisions
The province of Liege is divided into 4 arrondissements (Huy, Liege, Verviers and Waremme) and a total of 84 municipalities.
Population by arrondissement
Population x 1,000 (on 1 January since 1980).
Ryuichi Kamiyama

Ryuichi Kamiyama (born 10 November 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Avispa Fukuoka.
Greenland halibut

The Greenland halibut or Greenland turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) is part of the Pleuronectidae family and is the only species of the genus Reinhardtius.
It is a deep water fish, ranging between about , and is found in the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific Ocean.
The Greenland halibut is a flatfish, and the left eye has migrated during the fish's development so that it is on the right side of the head.
This fish is used for food and is caught mostly by trawling. Greenpeace thinks the fishery is unsustainable and has added the Greenland halibut to its seafood red list. This designation is widely considered to be based upon limited and unverifiable data.
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca was one of the first explorers of America. He was one of four men who had survived Narvaez expedition. After returning to Spain, he wrote a book named La relacion y comentarios.
Historical Dictionary of Switzerland

The Historical Dictionary of Switzerland is an encyclopedia on the history of Switzerland. It tries to use modern historical research to provide information in a broad manner. It is published by a foundation supported by the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (SAGW/ASSH) and the Swiss Historical Society (SGG-SHH). It is financed by national research grants. Other than 35 people at the central offices, it is written by a team including 100 academic advisors, 2500 historians and 100 translators.
Print edition
The encyclopedia is being edited at the same time in the three national languages of Switzerland: German (Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz, HLS), French (Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse, DHS) and Italian (Dizionario Storico della Svizzera, DSS). There are 13 volumes. The first was published in 2002. The last volume was published in 2014.
The 36,000 headings are grouped into:
Biographies (35%)
Articles on families and genealogy (10%)
Articles on places (municipalities, cantons, other nation states, fortresses, signories, abbeys, archeological sites) (30%)
Subject articles (historical phenomena and terms, institutions, events) (25%)
On-line edition
The on-line edition has been available since 1998. All articles in the print version are available, for free, but no images. It also lists all 36,000 topics that are to be covered.
8th century BC

The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC.
Standardized test

A standardized test is a test that is done and scored in a consistent, or "standard", manner. Standardized tests are designed so that everything about them are standard. They are administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner.
Often they are used as a test to join an institution or gain a license of some sort. The grading system is the same no matter where they are taken. They can be used for university entry, like the SAT and ACT in the United States or the Gaokao in the People's Republic of China (PRC). They can be used a requirement to get a job, like the LSAT for lawyers.
In the United States the term is often used for the multiple-choice questions used in the educational system. They are thought by some to be a poor way to measure educational progress. They are, however, convenient and cheap. Marking does not require expertise in the subject-matter.
Many psychological tests are designed to be standardized. They are designed to be "an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior".
The first known standardized test was in Imperial China, when Empress Wu allowed anyone who passed the test to be a government official based on their merit rather than birthright, meaning that people work to become leaders rather than being born into leadership. However, we do not know the details of this system.
Le Noyer, Hautes-Alpes

Le Noyer is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
Population
Transport
Road
The D17, D17T, D57, D617, D817 and N85 roads pass through the commune.
Adenoidectomy

Adenoidectomy is the process of taking out a person's adenoids from the back of their throat through the process of surgery. They may be removed for several reasons, including difficulty breathing through the nose and having ear infections. The surgery is common in young kids. The procedure is usually performed using a substance called anaesthesia (Greek for "without sensation"), and the substance puts a person to sleep when it is applied. Recovery time from the operation can vary from several hours to a few days.
Adenoidectomy is usually done on young children because their adenoids were infected by a virus. If the disease was to be left alone, it would worsen. The affected person could have harder times breathing or hearing, and may possibly be killed from the disease. Normally functioning adenoids help maintain the body's healthy immune system during early childhood. They shrink when a person gets older. When a person becomes an adult, their adenoids completely disappear.
2012–13 Premier League

The 2012-13 Premier League will be the 21st season of the English Premier League, England's top football league. The season will start on August 18, 2012 and end on May 19, 2013. The defending champions are Manchester City.
Agostino Giuseppe Delfino

Agostino Giuseppe Delfino (17 June 1935 - 18 October 2020) was an Italian-born Central African Republic Roman Catholic bishop. Delfino was born in Arenzano, Italy. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1959. He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Berberati, Central African Republic from 1991 to 2010.
Delfino died on 18 October 2020 in Savona, Italy at the age of 85.
Luke Curtin

Luke Curtin (born September 23, 1977) is a retired American professional ice hockey player. He was selected by the Colorado Avalanche in the 4th round (134th overall) of the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. Curtin predominately played in the ECHL and in November 2010, he was named to the 12-man ECHL All-Decade Team, which honored the best ECHL players from 2000-01 through the 2009-10 ECHL season. In 2011 Curtin was inducted into the ECHL Hall of Fame.
Vandoncourt

Vandoncourt is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Alamogordo, New Mexico

Alamogordo is the seat of Otero County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 30,403 as of the 2010 census.
Pale Rider

Pale Rider is a 1985 American western movie directed by Clint Eastwood (who also stars) and also starring Carrie Snodgress, Michael Moriarty, Chris Penn, Richard Kiel, Sydney Penny, Doug McGrath, Richard Dysart. It was distributed by Warner Bros..
Feldkirch, Haut-Rhin

Feldkirch is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Saint-Jean-sur-Erve

Saint-Jean-sur-Erve is a former commune of 489 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Blandouet-Saint Jean.
Bakers Narrows, Manitoba

Bakers Narrows is a community in Manitoba, Canada.
YouTube Premium

YouTube Premium, previously known as Music Key or YouTube Red is a premium subscription service to YouTube. It allows users to watch videos without any advertisements and allows users to download videos to their mobile devices (but not desktop computers). It costs $11 USD per month as of April 2020, with a free trial that is given new users.
YouTube Premium was originally launched on November 14, 2014, as Music Key, offering advertisement-free streaming of music videos from participating labels on YouTube and Google Play Music. The service was then revised and relaunched as YouTube Red on October 31, 2015, expanding its scope to offer advertisement-free access to all YouTube videos, as opposed to just music.
YouTube announced the rebranding of the service as YouTube Premium on May 17, 2018, alongside the return of a separate, YouTube Music subscription service. Later in the year, it was reported that YouTube was planning to make some of the original content associated with the service available on an ad-supported basis.
Features
A YouTube Premium subscription allows users to watch videos on YouTube without advertisements across the website and its mobile apps, including the dedicated YouTube Music, YouTube Gaming, and YouTube Kids apps and services. Through the apps, users can also save videos to their device for offline viewing, play their audio in the background, and in picture-in-picture mode on Android Oreo and newer. YouTube Premium also offers original content that is exclusive to subscribers, which is created and published by YouTube's largest creators.
Arto Paasilinna

Arto Tapio Paasilinna (20 April 1942 - 15 October 2018) was a Finnish writer. He was a journalist turned comic novelist. He was one of the most successful novelists of Finland. He won a broad readership outside of Finland. He was born in Kittila, Finland.
Paasilinna was known for his 1975 novel The Year of the Hare (Janiksen vuosi), a best-seller in France and Finland. His brother is former MEP Reino Paasilinna.
Paasilinna died on 15 October 2018 in Espoo from complications of a stroke, aged 76.
Tonkatsu

Tonkatsu (, or ) is a Japanese dish of fried pork meat.
Either pork fillet or pork loin, is sliced. It is then coated in flour, dipped into beaten eggs, and rolled in breadcrumbs. It is then fried in hot oil. People often use a Japanese Worcester sauce, but some use a vinegar-soy-sauce called ponzu when they eat it. Tonkatsu originated as a cutlet, but it is also used as a sandwich filling or in combination with curry.
Tonkatsu originated in Japan in the 19th century. Now it is known as a Japanese food by most of the world. It is usually prepared for special occasions, for example a wedding. It is always served with a type of alcoholic drink.
San Cristóbal, Táchira

San Cristobal is the capital city of the Tachira State in Venezuela, a mountain state. It is located in the southwest region of Tachira. San Cristobal was founded by Juan de Maldonado in March 31, 1561. San Cristobal makes a frontier by the west with Cucuta, Colombia; by the east with the Apure state; and by the north with the states of Zulia, Barinas and Trujillo.
Education
San Cristobal has a large student population. There are many post-secondary schools, both public and private, in San Cristobal. Major colleges and universities of San Cristobal are listed below:
Universidad Nacional Experimental del Tachira (UNET)
Universidad de los Andes (ULA)
Universidad Catolica del Tachira (UCAT)
Universidad Nacional Experimental de las Fuerzas Amadas (UNEFA)
Universidad Nacional Abierta (UNA)
Instituto Universitario Politecnico Santiago Marino
Instituto Universitario Antonio Jose de Sucre
Instituto Universitario Monsenor Talavera
Instituto Universitario Jesus Enrique Lozada
Climate
The weather in San Cristobal is tropical; the temperatures are between 19 and 28 (66 degF and 83 degF). San Cristobal is characterized has two seasons: summer and spring. The temperatures between those two seasons do not change a lot. However, there is more rain in the spring than in the summer.
Political Divisions
Parroquia San Juan Bautista
Parroquia La Concordia
Parroquia Pedro Maria Morantes
Parroquia San Sebastian
Parroquia Francisco Romero Lobo
Sports
The Deportivo Tachira Futbol Club was founded in 1974 by Gaetano Greco. The Stadium of the Deportivo Tachira is located in the north side of San Cristobal, and it is called Polideportivo de Pueblo Nuevo, and it has a capacity for 38,755 people.
Famous Citizens
Rafael de Nogales Mendez, soldier and writer.
Isaias Medina Angarita, served in the military and former president of Venezuela.
Manuel Felipe Rugeles, poet and journalist.
Luis Felipe Ramon y Rivera, folklorist and musician.
Francisco Arias Cardenas, Former Governor of Zulia State, Presidential Candidate and Representat of Venezuela at the UN.
Veruska Tatiana Ramirez, model and former Miss Venezuela.
Giancarlo Maldonado, footballer.
Tomas Rincon, footballer.
Edgar Ramirez, actor.
Raytown, Missouri

Raytown is a city in Jackson County, Missouri, United States.
Retribution (1967 movie)

Retribution () is a 1967 Soviet drama movie directed by Aleksandr Stolper. It stars Kirill Lavrov, Anatoliy Papanov, and Lyudmila Krylova.
List of tallest buildings in Thailand

This list of tallest buildings in Thailand ranks skyscrapers in Thailand by height.
A Currently topped out; expected completion in 2009.
Alpine marmot

The Alpine marmot is a species of marmot. It can be found in mountain regions of central and southern Europe. It is the third-largest rodent on the European continent. The Eurasian beaver and the Crested porcupine are both larger than it. Alpine marmots mature in their third year. For this reason, marmots live in family groups of up to twenty animals. Alpine marmots have been around since the ice age. Today, their range is limited to the higher mountain regions.
Gray Frederickson

Gray Frederickson (July 21, 1937 - November 20, 2022) is an American film producer. He has often worked with Francis Ford Coppola. He won an Oscar for The Godfather: Part II. He was producer for The Godfather trilogy, Apocalypse Now and The Outsiders.
Navneet Dhaliwal

Navneet Dhaliwal is a cricketer from Canada. He plays for the Canada national cricket team. He was born on October 10, 1988.
Goran Bunjevčević

Goran Bunjevcevic (;, 17 February 1973 - 28 June 2018) was a Serbian footballer. He played as a defender in Serbia, England and the Netherlands. He played for FR Yugoslavia from 1998 to 2003. He also played for Graficar, BASK, Rad Belgrade, Red Star Belgrade, Tottenham Hotspur and for ADO Den Haag.
Bunjevcevic died on 28 June 2018 from a stroke at the age of 45.
Song Kang-ho

Song Kang-ho (born January 17, 1967) is a South Korean actor. He is known for his roles in No. 3 (1997), Joint Security Area (2000), Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance (2002), Memories of Murder (2003), The Host (2006), and A Taxi Driver (2017).
He also appeared in Snowpiercer (2013) and Parasite (2019).
Thal District

Thal is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the center of the canton.
Petula Clark

Petula Clark, CBE (born 15 November 1932) is a British singer, actress and composer. She was born in Epsom, Surrey. She began her career as a child and was popular in Britain during World War II. In the 1950s, she became a successful pop singer, first in the UK, then in continental Europe, and finally in the United States in the mid-1960s. Her most famous song is "Downtown," which was recorded in four languages and sold nearly five million copies worldwide. Her films include The Card (1952), The Runaway Bus (1956), Finian's Rainbow (1968), and Goodbye, Mr. Chips. She continues to record and perform in concert.
Never Be the Same (Christopher Cross song)

"Never Be the Same" is a 1980 song by Christopher Cross and is the third single from his debut studio album Christopher Cross. It went to number 15 in the United Kingdom, number 12 in Canada, number 41 in New Zealand, number 25 in Ireland and number 42 in Australia.
Face Down

"Face Down" is the first single off American rock band the Red Jumpsuit Apparatus's first studio album Don't You Fake It. The song was released on July 4, 2006.
The song was able to make it to #3 on the Alternative Airplay, #10 on the Mainstream Top 40, and #24 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. It made it to #52 on Billboard's year-end Hot 100 Songs chart. It was also certified 5x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
The song is about domestic violence. In the song, Ronnie Winter asks the woman why she still stays in the abusive relationship and asks the man if he feels strong abusing her. Ronnie Winter and his brother Randy Winter said they wrote the song because they grew up watching their mother suffer from domestic violence.
A music video for the song was released. In the video, A woman arrives home from work. The band plays in the living room. She looks in the mirror at bruises on her body. She walks through the house while furniture is thrown around and the house is being destroyed. While walking, she looks at pictures of her and her boyfriend. At the end of the video, she throws the pictures in the garbage.
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC, ), also known as the People's PCC (, ) or simply the PCC (), is a political organization in the People's Republic of China. The organisation is made up of delegates from eight legally-allowed political parties and other organisations, as well as independent members.
The CPPCC is controlled by the United Front Work Department.
Lenhovda

Lenhovda is a locality in Uppvidinge Municipality in Kronoberg County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,744 people lived there.
Morizès

Morizes is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Christopher Guest

{{Infobox person
|name = Christopher Guest
|image = guest4.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_alt =
|caption = Guest speaking at Vancouver Film School in 2008
|pseudonym =
|birth_name = Christopher Haden-Guest
|birth_date =
|birth_place = New York City, New York, US
|death_date =
|death_place =
|occupation = Actor, comedian, director, musician, screenwriter
|education = The High School of Music & Art
|alma_mater = New York University
|years_active = 1971-present
|nationality = British-American
|citizenship = United StatesUnited Kingdom
|subject =
|spouse = Jamie Lee Curtis (1984-present; 2 children)
|domesticpartner =
|relations = Tony Curtis (father-in-law),Janet Leigh (mother-in-law),Kelly Curtis (sister-in-law)
|notable_works = This Is Spinal TapThe Princess BrideBest In ShowA Mighty WindFor Your Consideration
|signature =
|website =
|footnotes =
|current_members =
|past_members =
|module =
}}
Christopher Haden-Guest, 5th Baron Haden-Guest (born February 5, 1948), usually simply known as Christopher Guest, is an English-American actor, comedian, director, musician, and screenwriter. He is known for his work in This Is Spinal Tap, The Princess Bride, Best in Show, A Mighty Wind, and in For Your Consideration''. He has won an Emmy Award.
Early life
Guest was born on February 5, 1948 in New York City, New York. He studied at The High School of Music & Art and at New York University.
Marriage and family
Guest married Jamie Lee Curtis in 1984. They have two adopted children.
Nausibius major

Nausibius major is a type of silvanid flat bark beetle in the species family type Silvanidae. They live in central America and North America.
Pindi Point

Pindi Point () is a mountain-view tourist spot in Murree, Punjab, Pakistan. It has a view of the high mountains and forests of Murree.
From Pindi Point, one can see the cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
Calcium hypophosphite

Calcium hypophosphite is used in the poultry industry. It helps when birds don't have enough calcium and phosphorous. Not having enough of those can cause thin-shelled eggs, lameness, weak bones, etc.
Gorenflos

Gorenflos is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Hardly Working

Hardly Working is a 1980 American comedy movie directed by Jerry Lewis (who also stars) and also starring Susan Oliver, Roger C. Carmel, Deanna Lund, Harold J. Stone, Steve Franken, Buddy Lester, Leonard Stone.
Djibril Cissé

Djibril Cisse (born 12 August 1981) is a French football player. He plays for S.C. Bastia.
Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas

The Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas presides over the Arkansas Senate with a tie-breaking vote, serves as Governor of Arkansas when the governor resigns, is impeached or dies in office.
Melissa Segura

Melissa Segura is an American journalist. She is an investigative reporter at BuzzFeed News. She won a 2018 George Polk Award.
M69 motorway

The M69 is a controlled-access highway in the Midlands of England. It goes between the M6, near Coventry, and the M1, near Leicester. The motorway is about long and first opened in 1977.
Takashi Umeda

Takashi Umeda (born 30 May 1976) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Oita Trinita.
Power bloc

In international relations, a power bloc is an association of groups, especially nations, having a common interest and acting as a single political force.
Balakh Sher Mazari

Sardar Mir Balakh Sher Mazari () (8 July 1928 - 4 November 2022) was a Pakistani politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 18 April 1993 through 26 May 1993. He replaced Nawaz Sharif.
Bukittinggi

Bukittinggi (Indonesian for "high hill", formerly called Fort de Kock) is a city in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The population of this city was estimated at 120,000 according to the 2010 census. Bukittinggi became the capital city of Indonesia from 1948 to 1949 when Indonesia was at war with the Netherlands.
Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder

Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder (March 3, 1933 - August 17, 2015), often called "MV", was the Vice President of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Prior to his UEFA career, Mayer-Vorfelder was a politician of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany. He served in the state cabinet of Baden-Wurttemberg from 1976 to 1998. He was later president of German soccer club VfB Stuttgart, and the German Football Association.
Heliodorus (minister)

Heliodorus (minister) was a minister of the Seleucid Empire. He worked for King Seleucus IV Philopator.
Seleucus had to pay taxes to the Roman Republic in exchange for the Romans not invading Syria but couldn't afford them so he sent Heliodorus to Judea to tax the Second Temple but Heliodorus came back from Jerusalem empty handed. The Jews said it was because Heliodorus was stopped by angels.
According to the historian Appian, Heliodorus killed Seleucus while Seleucus's oldest son Demetrius was a hostage in Rome and Seleucus's second son Antiochus was too young to rule as king so Heliodorus could proclaim himself regent of the Seleucid Empire. Then Seleucus's brother Antiochus overthrew Heliodorus and had him either exiled or killed and proclaimed himself King Antiochus IV.
Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado

Osvaldo Dorticos Torrado (17 April 1919 - 23 June 1983) was a Cuban politician. He was the president of Cuba from 1959 to 1976. He was a close ally of Cuban revolutionary and longtime leader Fidel Castro.