kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Firewall (disambiguation)

Firewall may refer to:
Firewall (networking), a device which prevents unwanted communication between private and public networks
Firewall (movie), a 2006 action movie starring Harrison Ford
eu:Suhesi
Mobster

"Mobster" is a slang term for someone who is part of the mafia or a mafia-like group. A mobster is a criminal. The word '' "Gangster" often means the same thing.
Angola (disambiguation)

Angola is a country in southern Africa.
Pavel Morozenko

Pavel Semenovich Morozenko (; ; born July 5, 1939 - died July 14, 1991) was a Soviet movie and theatre actor.
In 1960, Morozenko graduated from the National University of theatre, cinema and television of Karpenko-Kary, and in the same year, he made his movie debut in Roman and Francesca, a movie directed by Vladimir Denisenko. In 1973, he was awarded the title of Honored artist of the Ukrainian SSR.
Morozenko died on July 14, 1991. He was aged 52.
Vouzeron

Vouzeron is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. About 587 people lived there in January 2019.
Wikitongues

Wikitongues is an American non-profit organization registered in New York. Its goal is to document all the languages in the world. It was founded by Frederico Andrade, Daniel Bogre Udell and Lindie Botes in 2014.
Oral histories
By May 2016, 329 videos in over 200 languages were recorded for Wikitongues. As of 2018, the amount of languages increased to 350 languages, or 5% of the languages in the world, with plans to increase the amount of languages to 1000 in the coming years.
Poly
Poly is an open-source software program designed to be used to share and learn languages. Wikitongues earned $52,716 USD combined from 429 backers on Kickstarter, which helped Poly be developed. Poly is currently under development.
Licenses
All videos recorded for Wikitongues are released under a CC-by-NC 4.0 license. It was recently made possible to use a CC-by-SA 4.0 license instead.
Yoronjima

Yoronjima (Yu Lun Dao , Okinawan and Yoron: yunnu Yunnu; Kunigami: yunnu Yunnuu) is one of the Amami Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.
In 2018, it had 5,056 people. Most of them are Ryukyuan, who are the natives of the Ryukyu Islands.
Fraga

Fraga (; ) is the major town of the comarca of Bajo Cinca () in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. It is located by the river Cinca. According to the 2014 census, it had a population of 14,926 people.
Noyelle-Vion

Noyelle-Vion is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Trånghalla

Tranghalla is a village in Jonkoping Municipality in Jonkoping County in Sweden. In 2005, 1,251 people lived there.
Buffalo Bandits

The Buffalo Bandits is a professional box lacrosse team in Buffalo, New York. It plays in the East Division of the National Lacrosse League. The team started in 1992 as part of the Major Indoor Lacrosse League. It won the league championship in 2008.
All-Star Cheer Squad

All-Star Cheer Squad is a rhythm video game by Gorilla Systems Corp. It is made for Wii and Nintendo DS. It is one of several Wii games to use the Wii Balance Board. It is about cheerleading.
The game is THQ's "first original property created specifically for girls".
Overview
The game follows a year in the life of a cheerleader. The cheerleader learns new cheers, participates in practices and creates her own routines. She joins the squad and eventually becomes captain.
The Wii Remote and Nunchuk, along with the Balance Board can be used to perform cheer and dance moves. Cheerleading choreographer Tony G of Bring It On fame acted as chief consultant to the game.
Sequel
All Star Cheer Squad 2 is a sequel to All Star Cheer Squad. It was released October 27, 2009.
Players start out as the captain of the Tiger Squad. The game has an all-new move set that includes real-world aerial stunts, tumbling, formation changes and advanced moves on the Wii Balance Board. Moves can be executed by using two Wii Remotes.
Malincourt

Malincourt is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 489 people lived there.
Sacatepéquez Department

Sacatepequez is a department in Guatemala. The capital is Antigua Guatemala.
Aire-sur-l'Adour

Aire-sur-l'Adour is a commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Landes department in southwest France.
It is on the river Adour.
Oybek Kasimov

Oybek Omilovich Kasimov (Uzbek Latin: Oybek Omilovich Kasimov, Uzbek Cyrillic: :ru:Kasimov, Oibek Omilovich, 26 August 1980) is currently the Secretary General of the National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Meat ant

The meat ant (Iridomyrmex purpureus), also called the meat-eater ant, is a species of ant found all around Australia. The ants are often used by farmers to clean the remaining meat off dead animals.
Fardin Abedini

Fardin Abedidni (; born November 18, 1991) in Tabriz, Iran) is an Iranian football defender.
Club career
He played his first match for Esteghlal in 2010-11 season. He then loaned to Tractor and played two seasons there, although he missed his final season due to heavy injury. He returned to Esteghlal before the start of 2013-14 season.
Toulouse School of Economics

Toulouse School of Economics (TSE) is a school for the study of economics. The school is in Toulouse, France. It is one of the most famous research and teaching centers of economics in the world. It was created in 2006.
TSE is specialist in the fields of economics. Its President is Jean Tirole, who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2014.
Former students
Philippe Crebassa, French aerospace engineer and businessman.
José Adauto Bezerra

Jose Adauto Bezerra (3 July 1926 - 3 April 2021) was a Brazilian politician. He was governor of Ceara from 1975 to 1978. He was a member of the Ceara Legislative Assembly from 1959 to 1979. Aduato Bezerra was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1979 to 1983.
Adauto Bezerra died of COVID-19 in Ceara on 3 April 2021, aged 94.
Walter Yetnikoff

Walter Yetnikoff (August 11, 1933 - August 8, 2021) was an American music industry businessman. He was the president of CBS Records International from 1971 to 1975 and then president and CEO of CBS Records from 1975 to 1990. He was known for helping produce many Michael Jackson music albums. He was born in New York City. Yetnikoff was born in New York City.
Yetnikoff died on August 8, 2021 in Bridgeport, Connecticut from bladder cancer, just three days before his 88th birthday.
Crosby, Merseyside

Crosby is a coastal town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton. It used to be in Lancashire. It is about 6 miles (9.6 km) north of Liverpool.
It grew because of the Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway which opened in 1848.
At the 2001 UK census, Crosby had a population of 51,789. On Crosby beach is Antony Gormley's art installation Another Place.
Weld Money

Weld Money is one of the biggest Ukrainian fintech platforms. In 2022, Weld Money technology helped to create the world's first crypto-aid card for victims of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
It issues digital shares of the company (WELD tokens). In total, Weld Money issued 250 million tokens.
In August 2021, the company sold its own tokens to investment funds such as Concorde Capital (Ukraine), Magnus Capital (USA) and 7 O'Clock Capital (China). The company used the funds from the agreement to launch the platform.
As of 2022, the holding company, which includes Weld Money, operates in 40 cities and has about 250 specialists.
Tornado warning

A tornado warning is an alert that means that a tornado or funnel cloud has been spotted around the area, and that people should take cover. When tornadoes have been spotted, the tornado sirens make sound in that place, letting people know that they have been seen.
Tornado warnings are higher than the warning of a Tornado watch, but there is an even higher level, which is a tornado emergency.
End of Watch

End of Watch is a 2012 American action thriller movie directed by David Ayer and starring Jake Gyllenhaal, Michael Pena, Natalie Martinez, Anna Kendrick, David Harbour, Frank Grillo, America Ferrera. It was distributed by Open Road Films.
Albert Chernenko

Albert Konstantinovich Chernenko (January 6, 1935 - April 11, 2009) was a Russian philosopher. His father was Konstantin Chernenko, the fifth General Secretary of the Soviet Union.
Used to Love You

"Used to Love You" is a song recorded by American singer Gwen Stefani for her third studio album, This Is What the Truth Feels Like (2016). It was written by Stefani, Justin Tranter, Julia Michaels, Jonathan "J.R." Rotem and Teal Douville, and produced by Rotem.
Track listing
Credits and personnel
Recording
Recorded at Westlake Studios, Los Angeles, California
Personnel
Gwen Stefani - vocals, songwriting
Teal Douville - additional drum programming
Chris Gehringer - mastering
Serban Ghenea - mixing
John Hanes - mixing engineering
Samuel Kalandjian - engineering
Julia Michaels - songwriting
Jonathan "J.R." Rotem - production, songwriting
Phil Seaford - mixing engineering assistance
Justin Tranter - songwriting
Credits adapted from the liner notes of This Is What the Truth Feels Like.
Azy, Cher

Azy is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. It has a population of around 445 as of January 2019.
Nash, North Dakota

Nash is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Walsh County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 32 at the 2010 census. It was founded in 1890.
Nash is located at (48.470556, -97.513056).
Islam in Nigeria

About 85,000,000 Nigerians are Muslims. That is about half of the people of Nigeria. Most of the other people are Christian. Muslims in Nigeria are mostly Sunni in the Maliki school, which is also the Sharia law in the government. However, there is a important Shia minority, mostly in Sokoto State (see Shia in Nigeria). A smaller number of people follow the Ahmadiyya Islam, a reformatory sect that started in India in the 19th century. Pew Forum on religious diversity says that 12% are Shia Muslims while 3% are Ahmadi Muslims.
Leonid Potapov

Leonid Vasilyevich Potapov (; 4 July 1935 - 12 November 2020) was a Russian politician. He was the President of the Buryat Republic in Russia from August 1991 to July 2007. He was born in Uakit, Soviet Union. Potapov was a member of the Communist Party.
Potapov died on 12 November 2020 at a Moscow hospital from COVID-19, aged 85.
Juliette Goglia

Juliette Rose Goglia (born September 22, 1995) is an American actress, guitarist and singer. She is best known for playing Sierra in the Disney Channel series That's So Raven, Hannah West in the CBS series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, and Eve Henry on The Michael J. Fox Show. She was born in Los Angeles. Her career began in 2003.
Geraint Jones

Geraint Owen Jones MBE was born 14 July, 1976 in Kundiawa, Papua New Guinea. He is a former cricketer who played for England and Papua New Guinea. He played 34 tests and 51 one-day internationals for both countries from 2004 to 2014.
East End, Arkansas

East End is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.
Naja

Naja is a genus of venomous snakes, which is commonly known as true Cobras. It contains about 30 species, which can be found in Africa and Asia. The most recognizable feature of these snakes is that they can spread the upper part of their neck. Very often, it also has some coloring. These species usually feed on small mammals and birds. Note that there are some snake species which have cobra in their name, but which are not true cobras: Examples are the King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) or the Rinkhals (Hemachatus haemachatus, also called ring-necked spitting cobra)
Elapidae
Argun (Caucasus)

The Argun River () runs through the northern Caucasus, Georgia, and the Chechen Republic of Russia.
Presque Isle, Maine

Presque Isle is a city in Aroostook County, Maine, United States.
Pore

A pore, in general, is some form of opening, usually very small.
Montrose, Missouri

Montrose is a city in Henry County, Missouri, United States.
Vuarrens

Vuarrens is a municipality in the district Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Match of the Day

Match of the Day is a football programme, broadcast on BBC One on Saturday nights, during the Premier League season. The show's presenter is former England international striker Gary Lineker.
It is one of the BBC's longest-running shows. It started on 22 August 1964. In 2015, Guinness World Records said it was " the longest-running football television programme in the world".
Dafydd Iwan

Dafydd Iwan Jones (born 24 August 1943) is a Welsh folk singer and politician. He was the president of Plaid Cymru from 2003 to 2010. He first rose to fame as a singer-songwriter of folk music in the Welsh language.
Iwan was born in Brynamman (), Carmarthenshire. His brothers include actor Huw Ceredig (1942-2011) and politician Alun Ffred Jones.
2022 Eastern Kentucky floods

On July 27, 2022, very heavy rainfall hit parts of eastern Kentucky and southwest Virginia, including surrounding Appalachia communities. This cause large floodings in Kentucky. The flooding caused 25 deaths with many reportedly missing.
On July 29, President Joe Biden said the flooding was a major disaster in Kentucky and ordered federal aid to help state and local recovery efforts in the areas affected.
Hidekazu Tajiri

Hidekazu Tajiri (born 19 April 1975) is a former Japanese football player.
Jim Sensenbrenner

Frank James Sensenbrenner Jr. (; born June 14, 1943) is an American politician. He represented in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 2021. He is a Republican.
Sensenbrenner announced in September 2019 that he would not run for re-election in 2020.
Vanishing point

In art, a vanishing point is the point in a perspective drawing where lines that either parallel to each other or are not parallel to the main subject of the painting come together. At this point the two parallel lines seem to converge. It can be experienced in real life while seeing a parallel set of rails or the two parallel lines of a road .
Flåm

Flam is a village in Norway. It is in the municipality of Aurland in Sogn og Fjordane county.
The closest airport is Sogndal Airport, Haukasen, which is about from Flam. The European route E16 highway between Oslo and Bergen runs through Flam.
Population
In 2014, the population was reported to be around 350.
Jim Gardner (politician)

James Carson Gardner (born April 8, 1933) is an American businessman and Republican politician. He was a U.S. Representative from 1967 through 1969 and as the 30th Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina from 1989 through 1993. Gardner was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina.
Bard

The bard probably belonged to a social class in Celtic Europe. Bards were poets or singers and were most likely were in the service of Celtic nobility. They were probably employed to tell about how good their master (the nobleman) was or to sing about what he did. Today, it is not quite clear what the difference was from a druid. Early Roman scolars used the word vates to refer to all of them, which has been translated as "prophet" or "soothsayer". It is also a common school in the North East Pacific West.
Well known bards
Taliesin, lived in the 7th century, wrote the Book of Taliesin
Aneirin, a late 6th century Brythonic poet who wrote the Book of Aneirin.
Dafydd ap Gwilym, a 14th-century Welsh poet, generally regarded as the greatest Welsh poet of all time.
Iolo Morganwg, an 18th-century Welsh rogue and bard, famous for his forgeries and lies.
Iolo Goch, a 14th-century Welsh poet and bard, famous for several surviving works, especially 'The Labourer'.
Chuck Mosley

Charles Henry Mosley III (December 26, 1959 - November 9, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter. He was best known as the frontman for Faith No More from 1984 to 1988. During his time with the band, they released two albums, We Care a Lot and Introduce Yourself.
Mosley died on November 9, 2017 from complications of alcoholism in Cleveland, Ohio at the age of 57.
Humboldt, South Dakota

Humboldt is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Minnehaha County, and 589 people lived there at the 2010 census. Humboldt became a town in 1891.
Going Postal

Going Postal is a Discworld novel by Terry Pratchett. It tells the story of a con man who has to take over the post office.
2019 UEFA Europa League Final

The 2019 UEFA Europa League Final will be the last match of the 2018-19 UEFA Europa League of the 48th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 10th season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. It will be played at the Olympic Stadium in Baku, Azerbaijan on 29 May 2019.
Chelsea won the final 4-1 for their second UEFA Europa League title. As winners, they will play against the winners of the 2018-19 UEFA Champions League in the 2019 UEFA Super Cup. Chelsea have already qualified for the Champions League group stage through their league performance, the group stage berth reserved for the Europa League winners was given to the third-placed team of the 2018-19 Ligue 1, Lyon, as Ligue 1 was the 5th-ranked association according to next season's access list.
Starting from this season, the Europa League final was played in the same week as the Champions League final. In March 2018, UEFA announced that a fourth substitution will be allowed in extra time and that the number of substitutes has been increased from 7 to 12. The kick-off time has also been changed from 20:45 CEST to 21:00 CEST. The match was also the first fixture (and final) of the Europa League to use the video assistant referee (VAR) system.
Road to the final
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).
Match
Details
The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws, which was held on 15 March 2019 at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.
Julio Cobos

Julio Cesar Cleto Cobos (born Mendoza, Argentina, April 30, 1955) is an Argentine politician. He is the Vice President of Argentina for President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner from 2007 to 2011. He started as part of the Radical Civic Union (UCR). He became Governor of Mendoza in 2003.
Capture the Flag (movie)

Capture the Flag (Spanish: Atrapa la bandera) is a 2015 Spanish computer animated movie produced by 4 Cats Pictures and Lightbox Entertainment, It was directed by Enrique Gato. It was released on 25 August 2015 in the Spain.
Cusano Milanino

Cusano Milanino is an Italian city in Lombardy. It is about 13 kilometers far from the center of Milan. About 18,000 people live there.
Cusano is the birthplace of former football player and coach Giovanni Trapattoni.
Mohammed bin Faisal Al Saud

Mohammed bin Faisal (1937 - 14 January 2017) was a Saudi businessman and a member of House of Saud. He was a son of King Faisal. He was one of the pioneers in the establishment of Islamic banking. He was born in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Mohammed bin Faisal was the chairman of the board of trustees of the King Faisal Foundation. He was also a member of Effat University's board of founders and of trustees.
Mohammed bin Faisal died on 14 January 2017 in Mecca, Saudi Arabia at the age of 80.
Ghiffa

Ghiffa is a comune in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Phil Ivey

Phil Ivey (born February 1, 1977) is a professional U.S Texas hold em poker player. He has won 10 world series of poker bracelets. In 2017 Ivey was put into the poker Hall of Fame. Ivey was born in Riverside, California.
Kingda Ka

Kingda Ka is a steel roller coaster at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey, USA. It was built by Stakotra, a subcontractor to Intamin. Built in 2005 to be the worlds tallest and fastest roller coaster Kingda Ka is one of only two strata coasters in the world. Kingda Ka held the record for the worlds fastest roller coaster until the completion of Formula Rossa at Ferrari World in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Kingda Ka goes up and can go . It first opened on May 21, 2005. To get up 456 feet, the train is launched by a machine to 128 miles per hour in 3 seconds. The train goes up the tower, and back down. At the bottom the train goes over a hill while it is slowing down. Soon it is going slow enough to be able to arrive safely back where it started. The ride lasts 28 seconds from the time it is launched.
History
In the past, Kingda Ka has been struck by lightning and shut down for almost a whole year. The launch cable snapped once and the ride was shut down for a while. Something happened to the braking fins so they shut down the ride. It also can get shut down by weather. The train is made so that if it rolls back it gets placed back to be launched. This happens when the hydraulic launch system does not get enough power to get over the hill or the brakes on the top off the hill stop you too much.
Story
Kingda Ka is named for a 500-pound mythical tiger. A tiger in the safari was named after the roller coaster. It is surrounded by bamboo to make it look more real. It also plays music.
Features
The ride has 4 trains with 5 cars. They are 9 rows in each car that can hold 18 people and there are 2 people in each row. Each seat has shoulder harnesses and buckles that keep the shoulder harness down to make sure passengers are safe. At the top, passengers are weightless for a second, and after riders enjoy a beautiful view, it is followed by a drop.
Restrictions
Passengers must be 4'7 to ride Kingda Ka.
Problems
The train may sometimes experience a rollback after it is launched. A rollback happens when the train doesn't make it to the top of the hill and rolls back down the track. The launch track has magnetic brakes so that the train doesn't go back to the station.
Masculinity

Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. There is evidence that some behaviors considered masculine are influenced by both cultural and biological factors. It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex, as both males and females can exhibit masculine traits. Standards of masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods.
Giuliano Giannichedda

Giuliano Giannichedda (born 21 September 1974) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Leon Trotsky

Lev Davidovich Bronstein ( (; also transliterated Leo, Lev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij and Trotzky; October 26 (O.S.) = November 7 (N.S.), 1879 in Kropyvnytskyi (nowadays Ukraine) - August 21, 1940 in Coyoacan, Mexico) was the public name of Leib or Lev Davidovich Bronstein. He was a Russian revolutionary and political theoretician. He was of Jewish-Ukrainian descent. After leading the Red Army in the Russian Civil War, he disagreed with other Bolsheviks and had to leave Russia.
Trotsky was a socialist and a Marxist. In 1905 there was a 1905 Russian revolution in Russia. Trotsky helped organize a committee of workers in St Petersburg which was called the Soviet. When the leader of the Soviet was arrested, Trotsky became leader of the Soviet in his place. Trotsky helped to expand on the idea of Permanent Revolution, which is a theory originally thought up by Karl Marx.
After the revolution Trotsky left Russia for his own safety. In 1917, he returned to Russia because of the Russian Revolution. He helped to bring about communism in Russia and defend it during the Russian Civil War. He was in charge of the army at this time. When the leader of the Bolsheviks (the party who led the revolution) Vladimir Lenin died, Trotsky became involved in a power struggle with Joseph Stalin for the leadership of the party. He lost, and Stalin came to power. He had to leave Russia because of Stalin, who was now his own enemy and wanted to harm Trotsky. In 1938 Trotsky founded the Fourth International. Stalin had one of his spies, Spaniard Ramon Mercarder, stab Trotsky to death in Mexico in 1940 who was ordered by Lavrentiy Beria .
People who believe in Trotsky's ideas are called Trotskyists and follow Trotskyism. Trotskyism is seen as being a more democratic form of communism than others, such as Stalinism and Maoism. The main Trotskyist organization today is the Socialist Workers Party in the UK and the International Socialist Tendency worldwide.
In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, Trotsky is represented by Snowball the pig and Stalin is represented by Napoleon who was also a pig. The book reflected real world events.
Plaza Mayor of Madrid

The Plaza Mayor of Madrid was built in the 1400's on the same location as the old Plaza del Arrabal (square outside the walls). It was used as a market in the Middle Ages. It is also called the Plaza de la Constitucion.
In the 1560s, King Philip II and his architect, Juan de Herrera planned to change it into a proper square for the Courts. The first part to be finished was the Casa de la Panaderia (bakery) in 1590. Gomez de Mora gave it the rectangular form. The ground is still cobbled. It finally opened in 1620 under the rule of King Philip III.
The statue in the middle is King Philip III on horseback made by Juan de Bologna. The statue was moved from the Casa de Campo to the Plaza Mayor in 1848.
In the 1700's, it was used for the crowning of kings, bullfights, carnivals and even executions. People watched from the balconies around the square.
The Plaza has been damaged by three fires. Juan de Villanova had the plaza built again in 1853 and that is what is seen today. People can enter the plaza through nine different arches.
Meteor burst communication

Meteor burst communication uses radio waves which bounce off the ionized trails made by meteors as they enter the earth's atmosphere. It is also called Meteor scatter communication.
Meteors are lumps of rock which are floating about in space. There are always meteors which are entering the earth's atmosphere. They normally burn up in the atmosphere. A few very large ones that hit the earth are called 'meteorites'. Most meteors are only tiny specks of dust. As they enter the atmosphere the heat made by air friction rips off electrons. This produces an ionized trail. This trail can reflect radio waves in the same way that a wire would.
The meteors that are used for meteor burst communication are between one thousandth and one hundredth of a gram. Meteors which are smaller than this are too weak to be used. Larger ones are not frequent enough.
The ionized trail can last for several seconds. During this time messages can be sent between two radio communication stations. The messages will be transmitted very fast: about 200 times as fast as with ordinary shortwave radio communication. A teletypewriter may type several lines of text during a meteor burst. The two stations that want to communicate will have to be ready all the time as they never know when the next burst of communication will come. They may have to use several meteor bursts before the whole message is received. The transmitters are often put on buoys in the sea.
Meteor burst communication was first widely used in the 1950s. It was particularly useful for military communications, because a receiver could not tell exactly which direction the message had come from. This was because the message was reflected on the way, so it did not travel in a straight line (i.e. in a simple great circle round the earth's curve).
The use of communications satellites in the late 20th century has made meteor burst communication rare.
Work (thermodynamics)

In thermodynamics, work transfer is an energy transfer in which temperature is not considered during energy transfer. Unit is always in Joules. It is also a result of force acting through the distance. W=FxD
History
1824
Work, i.e. "weight lifted through a height", was originally defined in 1824 by Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot in his famous paper Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire. Specifically, according to Carnot:
1845
In 1845, the English physicist James Joule wrote a paper On the mechanical equivalent of heat for the British Association meeting in Cambridge. In this work, he reported his best-known experiment, in which the work released through the action of a "weight falling through a height" was used to turn a paddle-wheel in an insulated barrel of water.
In this experiment, the friction and agitation of the paddle-wheel on the body of water caused heat to be generated which, in turn, increased the temperature of water. Both the temperature change T of the water and the height of the fall h of the weight mg were recorded. Using these values, Joule was able to determine the mechanical equivalent of heat. Joule estimated a mechanical equivalent of heat to be 819 ft*lbf/Btu (4.41 J/cal). The modern day definitions of heat, work, temperature, and energy all have connection to this experiment.
Overview
According to the First law of thermodynamics, it is useful to separate changes to the internal energy of a thermodynamic system into two sorts of energy transfers. Work refers to forms of energy transfer which can be accounted for in terms of changes in the macroscopic physical variables of the system, for example energy which goes into expanding the volume of a system against an external pressure, by driving a piston-head out of a cylinder against an external force. This is in contrast to heat energy, which is carried into or out of the system in the form of transfers in the microscopic thermal motions of particles.
The concept of thermodynamic work is slightly more general than that of mechanical work because it includes other types of energy transfers as well. The electrical work required to move a charge against an external electrical field can be measured, as can the work required to move heat against a temperature gradient. Thermodynamic work need not have any mechanical component to be considered such.
Meadowbrook Farm, Kentucky

Meadowbrook Farm is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Encyclopédie

Encyclopedie, ou dictionnaire raisonne des sciences, des arts et des metiers () was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772. The full title was Encyclopedie, ou Dictionnaire raisonne des sciences, des arts et des metiers, par une societe de gens de lettres, mis en ordre par M. Diderot de l'Academie des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Prusse, et quant a la partie mathematique, par M. d'Alembert de l'Academie royale des Sciences de Paris, de celle de Prusse et de la Societe royale de Londres.
The Encyclopedie was the first encyclopedia to include contributions from many people, and it was the first to include applied science and engineering. Still, the Encyclopedie is famous above all for representing the thought of the Enlightenment. According to Denis Diderot in the article "Encyclopedie", the Encyclopedie'''s aim was "to change the way people think."
The Encyclopedie was conceived as a translation of Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia (1728). In 1743, the translation was given by the Parisian book publisher Andre Le Breton to John Mills, an Englishman living in France. In May 1745, Le Breton announced the work as available for sale, but Mills had not done the work. Le Breton beat Mills with a cane. Mills sued for assault, but Le Breton was set free because he was justified. For his new editor, Le Breton chose mathematician Jean Paul de Gua de Malves. In August 1747, Gua de Malves was fired for being a poor leader. Le Breton then hired Diderot and Jean d'Alembert as the new editors. Diderot would remain editor for the next twenty-five years, seeing the Encyclopedie through to completion.
Contributors
Many of the most noted figures of the French Enlightenment contributed to the Encyclopedie, including Voltaire, Rousseau, and Baron d'Holbach. The most prolific contributor wrote 17,266 articles, or about eight per day, between 1759 and 1765.
Marissa Nadler

Marissa Rachael Nadler (born April 5, 1981) is an American folk singer. She released her first album in 2004.
Early life
Nadler was raised in Massachusetts.
Career
Nadler's first album Ballads of Living and Dying was released on Eclipse Records in 2004. It was given a score of 8 out of 10 by Pitchfork. In 2005 her second album The Saga of Mayflower May was released. In 2007 Peacefrog Records released Nadler's third album Songs III: Bird on the Water. In 2009, Kemado Records released Little Hells. In 2011 Box of Cedar Records released Nadler's fifth album Marissa Nadler. In 2012 Nadler's sixth album The Sister was released. In 2014 Sacred Bones Records released July.
Walt Whitman

Walter "Walt" Whitman (May 31, 1819 - March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist and journalist. He was an important American poet of the 19th century.
His most famous collection of poems is Leaves of Grass, which was first published in 1855 with his own money. The work was an attempt at reaching out to the common person. Whitman kept adding to this book right up until he died of pneumonia, in 1892. It was controversial because readers thought it was obscene. It included some sexuality.
Whitman was either bisexual or homosexual. However, there is disagreement about whether Whitman had actual sexual experiences with men.
Whitman was deeply influenced by deism. He denied any one faith was more important than another, and embraced all religions equally.
Leaves of Grass
Whitman first tried writing in many different popular genres. In 1850, he began writing Leaves of Grass, a collection of poetry which he would continue working on until his death. Whitman wanted to write an epic that was clearly American, using free verse. At the end of June 1855, Whitman surprised his brothers with the first copies of Leaves of Grass. His brother George "didn't think it worth reading".
Whitman paid for the publication of the first version of Leaves of Grass himself and had it printed at a local print shop. A total of 795 copies were printed. The first page was an image of Whitman, but he doesn't write his name until 500 lines into the body of the text. Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote a kind five-page letter to Whitman and praised the book to friends. The first edition of Leaves of Grass was very popular, but was some people didn't like the "obscene" or offensive parts of the poetry.
In the months after the first edition of Leaves of Grass, people became more upset about the sexual themes. Because of this, the publisher almost did not release the second edition. In 1856, 20 new poems were added. Different versions of Leaves of Grass continued to be published throughout the rest of Whitman's life. Many famous writers like Amos Bronson Alcott and Henry David Thoreau liked the work enough to visit Whitman.
1932 Freeport hurricane

The 1932 Freeport hurricane was a severe tropical cyclone. The storm happened in August 1932. It mostly affected certain areas of the Upper Texas coast.
It was the second storm and first hurricane of the season. It developed near the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula on August 12. As it moved to the northwest, it began to get stronger the next day. It fastly went from a Category 1 hurricane to a Category 4. Winds got as high as 150 mph (240 km/h).
The storm struck near Freeport, Texas as a Category 4 with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph.
The storm caused heavy rainfall inland. Rainfall peaked at 9.93 inches near Angleton.
There were 40 deaths from the hurricane.
ʻEta

The `eta, also called by several other names, is a unicameral consonant letter used within the Latin script to mark the phonemic glottal stop, as it is used in many Polynesian languages.
Meerhout

Meerhout is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 9463 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 07 North, 05deg 04 East.
2004 Sri Lanka tsunami train wreck

The 2004 Sri Lanka tsunami train wreck was the largest single rail disaster in history (by death toll). It was caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
Train
Train #50, the Matara Express, also known as the "Queen of the Sea" line, was a regular train between the Sri Lankan capital Colombo and Matara. The train, overcrowded with 1800+ passengers, left Colombo on 26 December 2004.
Tsunami strikes the train
At 9:30 am in the village of Peraliya, the beach saw the gigantic waves arriving towards. The first wave flooded the carriages and caused panic among the passengers. The next wave arrived after 10 minutes. It was huge and washed away the train and smashed it against trees and houses which were nearby.
Casualties
The huge waves of tsunami had destroyed the train and only 150 passengers out of 1800+ survived. About 1700 were reported dead, even though only 900 bodies were recovered. The Sri Lankan authorities do not know where the train was washed to. After 4 pm, Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa's helicopter identified it. Even though rescue operations was held not more than 150 people survived and the village was also washed away by the deadly waves.
Waukesha parade attack

On November 21, 2021, at around 4:39 p.m. local time, a red Ford Escape sport utility vehicle broke through barricades and drove into the annual Christmas parade in Waukesha, Wisconsin, United States. This killed six people and injured more than 68 others.
Waukesha police officers took the car and arrested a person. At least one officer fired their gun in an attempt to stop the SUV.
On October 26, 2022, Darrell Brooks, the driver of the SUV, was found guilty of all 76 charges against him. He was sentenced to six life sentences without parole.
Hit 'Em Up

"Hit 'Em Up" is a diss song by rapper 2Pac featuring his group the Outlawz. It was released on June 4, 1996. The song is the B-side for the song "How Do U Want It". It is from 2Pac's fourth studio album All Eyez on Me.
The song attacks many East Coast rappers and mainly attacks 2Pac's former friend and rival The Notorious B.I.G.. The song was a big part in causing the rivalry between East Coast and West Coast hip hop to become worse. "Hit 'Em Up" is considered to be one of the greatest "diss songs" ever recorded because of the explicit lyrics and the seriousness of violent intent by 2Pac and his friends towards their rivals.
Producer Johnny "J" said that Shakur was first fueled by his anger against Biggie and Bad Boy Records because he thought that they had a part in the November 30, 1994 attack on Shakur. Shakur was also angry at Biggie's release of another diss song "Who Shot Ya?" only months after the shooting happened. Even though it did not mention his name, Shakur believed that it was directed towards him. It was not. Shakur admitted that he had released "Hit 'Em Up" as a response to "Who Shot Ya?", almost two months after the 1994 attack.
Marcella Filippi

Marcella Filippi is a basketball player from Italy. Filippi competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics. She was born on 27 September 1985.
Why I Am Not a Christian

Why I Am Not a Christian is an essay by the British philosopher Bertrand Russell. It describes the reasons why Russell does not believe in God and doubts religion.
History
At first, a talk given March 6, 1927 at Battersea Town Hall, at the South London Branch of the National Secular Society. It was published that year as a pamphlet and was later published, with other essays, in the book, Why I Am Not a Christian: And Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects ().
Related works by other authors
Why I Am Not a Muslim, by Ibn Warraq, is also critical of the religion in which the author was brought up -- in this case, Islam. The author mentions Why I Am Not a Christian towards the end of the first chapter, stating that many of its arguments also apply to Islam.
Why I Am Not a Hindu, a 1996 book in a similar vein by Kancha Ilaiah, an activist opposed to the Indian caste system.
Why I Am Still a Christian is a book by Catholic theologian Hans Kung, published in 1987.
Andorran

Andorran may mean:
Something of, or related to Andorra, such as a person from Andorra, or of Andorran descent
Andorran cuisine
A person from Andorra, Teruel, in Spain
Reasnor, Iowa

Reasnor is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is in Jasper County. There were 152 people living there in 2010.
1829

1829 was a common year.
Births
September 7 - Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz, German organic chemist (d. 1896)
Castillo de Garcimuñoz

Castillo de Garcimunoz is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 209.
Rolando Filidei

Rolando Filidei (Navacchio, 1914 - Rosignano Solvay, 1980) was an Italian artist. Filidei went to the school of art to Florence, until 1937 when he finished school. After school he became a soldier. After serving as a soldier he returned in Rosignano where he worked with wood, stone and bronze. Filiedei showed his art in more than 50 festivals and meeting about art in Italy and in many cities in the word. He worked too as a teacher from 1947 until 1977 in the school of "Ernesto Solvay of Rosignano".
Abéché

Abeche is a city in Chad. It is the capital city of the Ouaddai prefecture.
Hovid

Hovid is a locality in Sundsvall Municipality in Vasternorrland County in Sweden. In 2010, 225 people lived there.
Chevrolet El Camino

The Chevrolet El Camino is a small pickup truck produced by Chevrolet of General Motors from 1959 to 1960 and 1964 to 1987.
The 1964-1977 El Camino is based on the Chevelle platform.
Kylo Ren

Kylo Ren (born Ben Solo) is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He was introduced in the 2015 movie Star Wars: The Force Awakens. He was portrayed by Adam Driver. He is the main villain of The Force Awakens, The Last Jedi , and is redeemed in the final installment The Rise of Skywalker.
Kylo Ren is the pseudonym of Ben Solo, the son of original Star Wars trilogy characters Han Solo, who he later killed, and Leia Organa. Though trained by his uncle Luke Skywalker as a Jedi, he has been drawn to the dark side of the Force, and wants to be as powerful as his grandfather, Darth Vader who he praised and thought was the king of evil, not the one who killed the emperor. Throughout all of The Force Awakens and the first two acts of The Last Jedi, Ren wants to be fully committed to the dark side, but there are times where the light side tries to pull him back in. This can be seen because when he kills his father Han, he hesitates before he does it. Even when he has a chance to kill his mother Leia, he chooses not to after giving it thought. This makes him a complex character.
Kylo Ren is the master of the Knights of Ren and a commander for the First Order, an organization created from the fallen Galactic Empire.The First Order believed that the Empire's leader, Emperor Palpatine, had been killed by Luke Skywalker, not Darth Vader. He is featured in The Force Awakens media and merchandising, and has appeared in the movie's sequel, Star Wars: Episode VIII - The Last Jedi''.
Roger Perry

Roger Perry (May 7, 1933 - July 12, 2018) was an American actor. His career began in the late 1950s. He served as an intelligence officer in the United States Air Force during the early 1950s. He was born in Davenport, Iowa. He was known for his role as Jim Harrigan, Jr. in Harrigan and Son. He co-starred in the 1963-1964 series Arrest and Trial as Detective Sergeant Dan Kirby.
Perry died at age 85 on July 12, 2018, at his home in Indian Wells, California, from prostate cancer.
Cephas

Cephas may refer to:
Religion
The title of Saint Peter
Diocese of Cephas, an ancient episcopal seat of the Roman province of Mesopotamia, in present-day Tur Abdin, Turkey
Cephas of Iconium, among the Seventy Disciples of Jesus, bishop of Iconium or Colophon, Pamphylia
Moses Bar Cephas or Moses Bar-Kepha (c. 813-903), Syriac writer and bishop of the Syriac Orthodox Church
People
Given name
Cephas Yao Agbemenu (born 1951), Ghanaian sculptor and a traditional African wood carver and Art Professor
Cephas Bansah (born 1948), Ngoryifia ("developmental chief") of the Gbi Traditional area of Hohoe, Ghana
Cephas Chimedza (born 1984), Zimbabwean footballer
Cephas Lemba (born 1970), Zambian sprinter
Cephas Lumina, Zambian lawyer and human rights expert
Cephas Malele (born 1994), Angolan-born Swiss footballer
Cephas Matafi (born 1971), Zimbabwean long-distance runner
Cephas Mark (1872-1942), Canadian druggist and political figure
Cephas Msipa (1931-2016), Zimbabwean politician
Cephas Pasipamiri, Zimbabwean long distance and marathon runner
Cephas Thompson (1775-1856), American itinerant portrait painter
Cephas Washburn (1793-1860), Christian missionary and educator
Cephas Zhuwao (born 1984), Zimbabwean cricketer
Cephas Fianyeku (born 1979) Ghanaian Banker and criminologist
Middle name
Collen Cephas Gwiyo, Zimbabwean politician and deputy secretary general of the Zimbabwe Congress
Edward Cephas John Stevens (1837-1915), New Zealand politician
Jasmine Cephas Jones (born 1989), American actress
Ron Cephas Jones (born 1957), American actor
Surname
Kassian Cephas (1845-1912), Javanese photographer
McColm Cephas (born 1978), Liberian footballer
Other uses
Cephas & Wiggins, an American acoustic blues duo
Hoplite

A hoplite was a citizen-soldier of the Ancient Greek city-states. A hoplite's main weapon was his spear. They fought close together in what was called a phalanx formation. In a phalanx, each man's shield protected himself and also gave some protection to the right arm of the man on his left.
The word "hoplite" comes from the type of the shield used by the soldiers. In later texts, the term hoplite is used to denote any armoured infantry, regardless of armament or ethnicity.
The armour of a hoplite included:
helmet with face covered
shield
body armour
greaves (leg armour)
sword
spear
A hoplite was usually a free citizen who supplied his own armour and weapons. In most Greek city-states citizens received basic military training and served in the standing army for a specified time, participating in any military campaign undertaken during that period. The citizens of Sparta were renowned for their lifelong combat training and military prowess. Their great adversaries, the Athenians, were exempted from service after the 60th year of life.
The phalanx trained to work as a team eight rows or more deep. The first row would stab at their opponents while trying to maintain close formation. The ranks behind would support them with their spears and gently push them with their shields, not to force them into the enemy but to keep them steady and in position. Upon command of an officer, the phalanx would take a certain number of steps forward.
Phalanxes tended to drift right in battle as each hoplite sought to keep his right arm behind the shield of his neighbour. Also, the right side of the phalanx, where right arms were unprotected by neighboring shields, was more vulnerable than the left. Thus the most experienced hoplites were often placed on the right side of the phalanx to counteract these problems.
Checkered Past (TV programming block)

Checkered Past is an Adult Swim programming block featuring cartoons from the 90s and early 2000s that launched on August 28, 2023. It will air shows such as Courage the Cowardly Dog, Ed, Edd n Eddy, Dexter's Laboratory, and The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy.
Saint-Jean-sur-Veyle

Saint-Jean-sur-Veyle is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Juan Velasco Alvarado

Juan Francisco Velasco Alvarado (June 16, 1910 - December 24, 1977) was a Peruvian general who served as the 58th President of Peru after a successful coup d'etat against Fernando Belaunde's presidency in 1968.
Under his presidency, nationalism, as well as left-leaning policies that addressed Indigenous Peruvians, such as nationalization or agrarian reform were adopted.
These policies were reversed after another coup d'etat in 1975 led by his Prime Minister, Francisco Morales-Bermudez.
Bruce Smeaton

Bruce Smeaton (born 5 March 1938) is a composer, well known for writing music for Australian movies and television. He has written music for movies, short films, television, documentaries and advertisements.
He was born in Brighton, Victoria and currently lives in Binalong, New South Wales.
He has written music for movies including Picnic at Hanging Rock, Seven Little Australians, The Cars That Ate Paris and The Devil's Playground.
His music has been published by Southern Cross Records and 1M1 Records labels.
Huaso

A huaso (feminine huasa, but most commonly china) is a Chilean countryman and skilled horseman, very similar to the gauchos, cowboys, vaqueros and charros. Huasos are found in central and southern Chile.
Huasos are an important part of the culture of Chile, and are a vital part of parades, parties, and holidays. The Region of O'Higgins is the place where are found the most of the Chilean huasos.