kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Blasphemy

Blasphemy is a word that means speaking badly about a religion, or insulting a god. Some religions see blasphemy as a religious crime. Many countries witha state religion have laws that make blasphemy a crime. For example, blasphemy can be punished with the death penalty in Saudi Arabia or Pakistan. In other countries, the punishment for the crime is a fine, or imprisonment.
Some countries do not have laws against blasphemy. For example, after the French Revolution, France made blasphemy legal to make sure people would have freedom of religion and the freedom of the press.
The United States, Canada, and many European countries, have laws to protect people who speak badly about religion. Sometimes people do this in a satirical way, like with a movie that makes fun of a religion. In these countries, profanity is often protected by freedom of speech as well.
Hausen, Upper Franconia

Hausen is a municipality in the district of Forchheim in Bavaria in Germany.
Football at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament

1996 Football at the Summer Olympics was held in the United States from July 20 to August 3.
Results
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Knockout stage
Trading Spouses

Trading Spouses: Meet Your New Mommy is a television show that aired in 2004-2007. Season 1 was released in 2004-2005, season 2 was released in 2005-2006, and season 3 was released in 2006-2007. Marguerite "God Warrior" Perrin (mother of Ashley Perrin and wife of Barry Perrin) (where she appeared in The Tyra Banks Show in 2006) (born 1961) appeared in this show.
Kate Higgins

Katherine Davis Higgins (born August 16, 1969) is an American actress, singer, and jazz pianist.
Higgins's major voice roles have been in English-language versions of Japanese anime, and she is best known as the voice of Sakura Haruno in Naruto and Talho Yuuki in Eureka 7.
She has also voiced CC in Code Geass and Saber in the original Fate/stay night.
Between 2010 and 2013, Higgins voiced Tails in the video game series Sonic the Hedgehog.
She also voices Kate, Stinky, and Lilly in the Alpha and Omega sequels. She is the current voice of Princess Aurora since 2010.
Ülo Tulik

Ulo Tulik (11 May 1957 - 30 April 2022) was a Estonian agronomist and politician. Tulik was born in Meremae, Estonia. He was the Voru County Governor from 2005 until 2010. He was Mayor of Voru from 2010 until 2011.
Tulik died on 30 April 2022 in Voru at the age of 64.
Professor Green

Stephen Paul Manderson (born 27 November 1983), better known by his stage name Professor Green, is an English rapper, singer, actor, television personality and mental health activist.
Green went on to become a multi-platinum artist, with 3.5 million combined sales in the UK. He is the former co-host of Lip Sync Battle UK on Channel 5. His autobiography featured on the Times bestseller list. He also is the patron of the suicide prevention charity CALM.
Super Bowl XXXIV

Super Bowl XXXIV (or Super Bowl 34) was a Super Bowl game between the St. Louis Rams and the Tennessee Titans in the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1999 regular season. The Rams won against the Titans 23-16. The game was played on January 30, 2000 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia.
It is best remembered for the final play of the game, where Mike Jones of St Louis tackled Kevin Dyson of Tennessee at the one yard line as time ran out, thus stopping Tennessee from scoring a touchdown that could have tied the game.
The game
Both teams did not play well early on in the game. St. Louis went inside the "Red zone" (the final 20 yards) of Tennessee's half six times in the first half, but only scored four times - three field goals, and one touchdown. They missed one field goal try, and had to abort another due to a bad snap. Tennessee also missed a field goal in the fist half. This gave St Louis a 16-0 lead at half time.
In the second half, Tennessee fought back, with two Touchdowns - but only scored the extra point on one of them, and then tied the game with a field goal.
St. Louis then scored in just one play to take the lead again, 23-16, with fewer than two minutes left.
With only one time-out remaining, Tennessee tried to drive into the End zone to score a touchdown that could have tied the game if they made the extra point. However, after using their time-out with just six seconds left, the final play had Kevin Dyson tackled at the one yard line. The time ran out, and St. Louis won the game.
Most Valuable Player (MVP)
St. Louis quarterback Kurt Warner was named the game's Most Valuable Player (MVP).
Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown

Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown () is a 1988 Spanish black comedy-drama movie directed by Pedro Almodovar and starring Carmen Maura, Antonio Banderas, Julieta Serrano, Maria Barranco, Rossy de Palma, Kiti Manver. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1989.
Last Pair Out

Last Pair Out () is a 1956 Swedish drama movie directed by Alf Sjoberg and was written by Ingmar Bergman. It stars Eva Dahlbeck, Harriet Andersson, Bibi Andersson, Bjorn Bjelfvenstam, Jarl Kulle, Hugo Bjorne, Jan-Olof Strandberg, Jullan Kindahl.
European Athletics Championships

The European Athletics Championships is a biennial (from 2010) athletics event organised by the European Athletics Association. It was first held in 1934 in Turin.
The Championships have taken place every four years, with a few exceptions. Since 2010, they have been organised every two years. However in years where with the Summer Olympics, the marathon and racewalking events are held, the championships are cancelled.
From 2018, European Championships not held in an Olympic year will form part of the European Championships.
Sam Vincent (voice actor)

Samuel Vincent Khouth is a Canadian voice actor working for Ocean Productions. He is best known for his roles as Double D in Ed, Edd n Eddy and Krypto in Krypto the Superdog. Vincent's notable roles in English dubs of anime include Athrun Zala in Mobile Suit Gundam SEED and its sequel Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny, Hikaru Shindo in Hikaru no Go, Julian Star in Cardcaptor Sakura and Tieria Erde in Mobile Suit Gundam 00.
Okinawan Japanese

Okinawan Japanese (Chong Nawa He Da He Kou , Uchinaa-yamatuguchi) is a form of the Japanese language in the islands of Okinawa. It comes from Standard Japanese, but many words are taken from the Okinawan and Kunigami languages. It is spoken by much of Okinawa and is used a lot by younger people.
Okinawan Japanese formed because of language mixing between Okinawan and Japanese. This happened because the Okinawa Islands were being assimilated by mainland Japan. The same thing also happened in the Amami Islands, causing Amami Japanese to form.
The Restoration

The Restoration was an time in the history of the British Isles that started in 1660. In 1660 the House of Stuart was restored to power after the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The Restoration came after The Protectorate, when Oliver Cromwell and his son Richard Cromwell had led the government. The kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland started to have a monarchy again. "The Restoration" means both the events at the start of Charles II's reign and the period of time after they happened.
Charles II came back to England after his exile and he became king of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Before this, the British Isles's monarchy had stopped after Charles I's execution. The three kingdoms became a republic, without a monarchy: the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Bell County, Texas

Bell County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 370,647 people lived there. The county seat is Belton.
1797

Events
January 3 - The Treaty of Tripoli (a peace treaty between the United States and Tripoli) is signed at Algiers.
January 7 - The parliament of the Cisalpine Republic adopts the Italian green-white-red tricolour as official flag. It is the birthday of the flag of Italy.
February 14 - The Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797), part of the Wars of the French Revolution.
February 18 - Spanish Governor Chacon peacefully surrenders the colony of Trinidad and Tobago to a British naval force.
February 22 - Attempted invasion of Britain at Fishguard in Wales by French forces
February 26 - The Bank of England (national bank of Britain) issues the first one-pound note (discontinued March 11, 1988).
March 4 - John Adams succeeds George Washington as the President of the United States of America.
May 12 - First Coalition: Napoleon I of France conquers Venice, ending the 1100 years of independence of the city. Last doge of Venice, Ludovico Manin, steps down.
July 24 - Horatio Nelson is wounded at Tenerife, causing a loss of one arm.
September 7 - Treaty of Campo Formio ends the War of the First Coalition.
October 21 - In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched to fight Barbary pirates off the coast of Tripoli.
Waverly Person

Waverly J. Person (May 1, 1926 - February 10, 2022) was an American seismologist. He helped create the National Earthquake Information Center. He began working for the United States Army and also worked for the United States Department of Commerce.
Person died in Boulder, Colorado on February 10, 2022, at the age of 95.
Saint-Maurice-d'Ibie

Saint-Maurice-d'Ibie is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Henry IV of England

Henry IV (April 3 1367 - March 20 1413) was a King of England. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, which is why he was often called "Henry Bolingbroke".
Rise to power
His father, John of Gaunt, was the third son of King Edward III, and had a lot of power in the reign of King Richard II.
Henry and Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk argued in 1398. King Richard ordered Henry to live outside England for ten years (with the approval of Henry's father, John of Gaunt) but Thomas de Mowbray was exiled from England for life.
The next year John of Gaunt died, and Richard would not allow Henry to inherit Gaunt's land. Instead, Henry had to ask for the lands from Richard.
Henry met with the exiled Thomas Arundel, former Archbishop of Canterbury. Henry and Arundel returned to England while Richard was on a military campaign in Ireland.
With Arundel as his advisor, Henry Bolingbroke began a military campaign, took land from those who opposed him and ordering his soldiers to destroy much of Cheshire.
Henry gained enough power and support to have himself declared King Henry IV. He sent King Richard to prison (who mysteriously died in prison) and by-passing Richard's seven-year-old heir presumptive Edmund de Mortimer.
Henry was crowned on 13 October 1399. It was the first time since the Norman Conquest in 1066 that the monarch made a public speech in English. Henry consulted with Parliament frequently, but was sometimes at odds with them, especially over religious matters. On Arundel's advice, Henry was the first English king to allow the burning of heretics, mainly to suppress the Lollard movement.
Deez Nuts (satirist)

Deez Nuts was a satirical presidential candidate. He was run by Brady C. Olson (born ). He ran in the 2016 United States presidential election. His form to run for office was filed with the Federal Election Commission in late July 2015.
Campaign
In polls by the Public Policy Polling in Iowa, Minnesota, and North Carolina in August of 2015, he got 8, 8, and 9 percent. He also got a large amount of attention from the media. On October 11, 2015, Deez Nuts wrote on his Facebook page that he would run for the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He said that he was able to be The Speaker even though he was not in the House of Representatives.
In August of 2016, a poll showed that people in Texas would rather vote for Deez Nuts than Green Party candidate Jill Stein. Harambe, a dead gorilla had 2% of the vote.
Olson also supported Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders for the Democratic nomination and Ohio Governor John Kasich for the Republican nomination.
Madisonville, Tennessee

Madisonville is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 3,939 at the 2000 census and 4,577 at the 2010 census.
Christian Alder

Christian Alder (born 3 September 1978) is a German former professional footballer who played as a defender.
Career
Alder was born in Wittmund, Lower Saxony. From 1997 and 2000 he played for Arminia Bielefeld through their relegation and promotion to the Bundesliga. He then played for VfL Osnabruck in 2001 and FC Augsburg between 2002 and 2004. From 2004 to 2006 he played for SSV Jahn Regensburg. In 2006, Alder moved to VfR Aalen and left the team in June 2009 and signed with Anorthosis Famagusta in 22 July 2009. Following the sacking of Ernst Middendorp, Alder was released on 13 August 2009. Alder left Cyprus in January 2010 and signed for German club KFC Uerdingen 05.
Partition table

A partition table maps out partitions onto a storage device. The two biggest examples are MBR and GPT. Others include Apple Partition Map (APM), which is used in Apple computers, and BSD disklabel.
MBR, or Master Boot Record, is a section at the very beginning of a storage device that uses MBR. It contains a partition table, along with storage for a bootloader so the computer can boot. It can only hold up to 2 tebibytes of data, and can only have up two four partitions.
GPT, or GUID Partition table, is a partition table that was developed as part of the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) standard. It can have up to 128 partitions. Depending on the size of the disk sectors, it can hold a large amount of data. If your sectors are 512 bytes, like MBR, it can hold 8 zebibytes of data.
Snidely Whiplash

Snidely Whiplash is a fictional character who originally appeared in the Dudley Do-Right of the Mounties segments of the animated television series The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. He is the archenemy of Dudley Do-Right. The character was voiced by Hans Conried in the original cartoon series. Alfred Molina played Whiplash in the 1999 live-action film version Dudley Do-Right.
Carles Puyol

Carles Puyol (born 13 April 1978) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Barcelona and the Spain national team.
National Primate Research Center

The National Primate Research Centers is a network of 8 research programs in the United States. It is funded by the National Institutes of Health to conduct biomedical research on primates. Each center is connected to a university or other host institution.
Tilde Fröling

Tilde Maria Henny Marta Froling (born May 15, 1980) is a Swedish television personality and actress. She is the daughter of actress Ewa Froling. Froling was born in Stockholm.
Taufkirchen (Vils)

Taufkirchen is a municipality in the district of Erding in Bavaria in Germany.
Taufkirchen is the place of the Wasserschloss Taufkirchen, a moated castle over 700 years old.
Smith County

Smith County is the name of four counties in the United States:
Smith County, Kansas
Smith County, Mississippi
Smith County, Tennessee
Smith County, Texas
Other
Smyth County, Virginia
Floriana Lima

Floriana Lima (born March 26, 1981) is an American actress and model. She played Maggie Sawyer on The CW's Supergirl. She began playing recurring character Darcy Cooper in season 2 of the ABC drama A Million Little Things.
In 2018, Lima played Krista Dumont in the second season of Netflix's The Punisher.
Knödel

Knodel or Klosse are large round poached or boiled potato or bread dumplings, made without yeast. They are normal parts of Austrian, German, Hungarian, Slovakian and Czech cuisine. They come in many different forms. They can be made from flour, potatoes, old bread, semolina, etc. In most types, they are used as a side dish for meat. They can also be served as a dessert or in a soup.
Names and varieties
In Hungary, they are called gomboc; in the Czech Republic, knedlik; in Slovakia, knedla, in Luxembourg, Kniddel(en), cnigle in Bukovina; and, in Italy, canederli. In some parts of the United States, klub is used to mean potato dumplings.
Klosse are large dumplings, steamed or boiled in hot water, made of dough from grated raw or mashed potatoes, eggs and flour. Similar semolina crack dumplings are made with semolina, egg and milk. They are called Griessklosschen.
Thuringer Klosse are made from raw or boiled potatoes, or a mixture of both, and are often filled with croutons or ham. In Austria and Hungary they make large sweet dumplings or plum dumplings called Zwetschkenknodel. Gombotzen are made with flour & potato batter, by wrapping the potato dough around whole plums or apricots. They then are boiled and rolled in hot buttered caramelized bread crumbs. Topfenknodel are made with quark cheese (Topfen) and are traditionally topped with cinnamon sugar and served with apple sauce or with streusel.
Konigsberger Klopse are not dumplings, they are made from ground meat and are related to Frikadeller.
Origin of water on Earth

The origin of water on Earth is only barely known. All life on Earth needs water, and most types of life started in the sea. Earth is the only planet known with liquid water on its surface. The water on Earth may have come from the Solar System as it formed, or it may have formed on Earth. Both are possible. We do know that hydrogen and oxygen, the elements that constitute water come from stars. Oxygen is created through fusion of helium and carbon atoms inside the core of red giants.
Earth is in the habitable zone, it is not so far from the Sun that all water freezes, and not so close to the Sun that all water evaporates. This is why liquid water, important for all life, still exists on the surface of Earth.
A long time ago, scientists thought that water on Earth did not come from the planet's region of the protoplanetary disk. Instead, it was thought water must have been delivered to Earth from the outer Solar System later in its history. However, recent research suggests that hydrogen inside the Earth played a role in the formation of the ocean. The two ideas are not mutually exclusive: there is evidence water was delivered to Earth by impacts from icy planetesimals similar in composition to asteroids in the outer edges of the asteroid belt.
One problem that hasn't been solved is that the noble gas isotope ratios of Earth's atmosphere are different than those of its mantle. This might mean they were created from different sources.
Nutmeg

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is a species of evergreen tree in the genus Myristica. It is found in tropical Southeast Asia and Australia.
Nutmeg powder can cause allergic reactions.
Ron Flowers

Ronald Flowers (28 July 1934 - 12 November 2021) was an English footballer and manager. He played as a midfielder. Flowers is most known for his time at Wolverhampton Wanderers. He was a member of England's victorious 1966 World Cup squad.
On 12 November 2021, it was announced that Flowers had died aged 87.
Peng Liyuan

Peng Liyuan (; born 20 November 1962) is a Chinese soprano and folk singer. She is the wife of Xi Jinping, the current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and President of the People's Republic of China.
Les Loges-Saulces

Les Loges-Saulces is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Forced prostitution

When people use threats or violence, to make other people to work as prostitutes, this is called forced prostitution. Forced prositution mostly affects women and children. It is a form of sexual abuse that often occurs together with human trafficking. Violence or force can be in different forms. Sometims people simply profit form the fact that a person has no other option. Forced prostitution is illegal under customary law, in all countries. The Rome Statute is an international treaty, of 2002. It includes forced prostitution as a war crime, and a crime against humanity.
Lehaucourt

Lehaucourt is a commune in France. It is in the Aisne Department, in the Picardie region. Until November 16, 1998, it was called Le Haucourt.
This table shows how many people lived in Lehaucourt in different years.
Phillipa Soo

Phillipa Soo (; born May 31, 1990) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for the role of Eliza Schuyler Hamilton in the Broadway musical Hamilton. She was nominated for the 2016 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for that role.
Tribadism

Tribadism is a lesbian sexual act in which a woman rubs her vulva against her partner's vulva or another part of her partner's body for sexual stimulation. It is also known as scissoring, a sex position in which the women intertwine their legs and rub their vulvas together, or as tribading or tribbing.
Khatib

Khatib or khateeb ( khatib) is an Arabic term used to describe a person who delivers the sermon (khutbah), during the Friday prayer or Eid prayers.
Liberal Democratic Party (Australia)

The Liberal Democratic Party (abbreviation as LDP or called the Liberal Democrats) is a political party in Australia. It is a libertarian party. It was started in 2001.
The party previously had one senator, David Leyonhjelm, in the Australian Senate. It also also has two representatives at the local government level in New South Wales and one member each in the New South Wales Legislative Council and the Victorian Legislative Council.
George O'Hanlon

George O'Hanlon (November 23, 1912 - February 11, 1989) was an American movie and voice actor, comedian and TV writer. He was known for his roles in the Warner Bros.' live-action Joe McDoakes short subjects from 1942 to 1956 and as the voice of George Jetson in Hanna-Barbera's 1962 prime-time animated television series The Jetsons and its 1985 revival.
Buick Rendezvous

The Buick Rendezvous was a midsize crossover SUV. It was built by General Motors from 2002 to 2007. The Rendezvous was built on a short wheelbase of the GM U platform similar to the Pontiac Aztek. It slotted between the Rainier and the Terraza. From 2002 to 2006, it offered the option of front-wheel-drive or all-wheel drive. This was dropped for the final model year. The Rendezvous was later discontinued due to a drop in sales and replaced by the slightly larger Buick Enclave CUV which also replaced the Rainier and Terraza.
Jerilderie

Jerilderie is a town of 768 people in the southern Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the only town in the Jerilderie Shire Council Local Government Area.
It can be found along the Newell Highway south-west of Sydney and north of the Victorian state border. Jerilderie's post code is 2716.
Osian Ellis

Osian Gwynn Ellis CBE (8 February 1928 - 6 January 2021) was a Welsh harpist and composer. He was known as the first harpist of the Melos Ensemble and for his musical works with Benjamin Britten. He was born in Ffynnongroyw, Flintshire, Wales.
Ellis died on 6 January 2021, aged 92.
Washington and Lee University

Washington and Lee University is a private liberal arts college in Lexington, Virginia, United States.
Alfred B. Hilton

Alfred B. Hilton (1842 - October 21, 1864) was a sergeant in the Union Army in Company H, 4th US Colored Infantry. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for action on September 29, 1864 at Chapin's Farm, Virginia during the American Civil War. His citation reads "When the regimental color bearer fell, this soldier seized the colors and carried it forward, together with the national standard, until disabled at the enemy's inner line."
1842 births
1864 deaths
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Military people from Maryland
Catarrhini

Catarrhini is one of the two subdivisions of the higher primates (the other is the New World monkeys). Catarrhines include the Old World monkeys and the apes. Apes are further divided into the lesser apes or gibbons and the great apes, consisting of the orangutans, gorillas, bonobos, chimpanzees and humans. They are all native to Africa and Asia.
Antonio Meucci

Antonio Meucci (Florence, April 13, 1808 - October 18, 1889) was an Italian inventor. He invented the first type of telephone, also known as the first 'talking telegraph' 1857. In 2002, the United States House of Representatives ruled that he invented the first working telephone, although Alexander Graham Bell was first to patent it.
Yoshihiro Natsuka

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Natsuka was born in Funabashi on October 7, 1969. After graduating from Narashino High School, he joined Fujita Industries (later Bellmare Hiratsuka) in 1988. In 1994, the club won 1994 Emperor's Cup and he was selected Best Eleven. In Asia, the club also won 1995 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. However, he left the club end of 1998 season due to financial strain. In 1999, he moved to J2 League club Consadole Sapporo. The club won the champions in 2000 and was promoted to J1 League from 2001. He retired end of the 2001 season.
On May 22, 1994, Natsuka debuted for the Japan national team against Australia. In 1994, he played full time in all matches included 1994 Asian Games. In 1995, he also played at 1995 King Fahd Cup. He played 11 games and scored 1 goal for Japan until 1995.
Egweil

Egweil is a municipality in the district of Eichstatt in Bavaria in Germany.
Chad

Chad (; , officially called the Republic of Chad), is a landlocked country in Central Africa. The capital is N'Djamena.
It was a French colony until 1960. It suffers from poverty, illness, drought, and armed conflicts. In 2011, the population of Chad was 11,535,000.
Arabic and French are the official languages. Islam and Christianity are the most widely practiced religions.
Chad has one of the highest levels of hunger in the world. Food insecurity is common in the country. 80% live in total poverty on less than a dollar a day, and 90% are unemployed in Chad. Chad has a low life expectancy. Life expectancy is 54 years old in Chad.
Chad is home to 134 kinds of mammals, 141 bird species, 52 kinds of reptiles, 30 amphibians and 130 kinds of fish. Many animals such as elephants, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, warthogs, giraffes, antelopes, lions, leopards, and cheetahs live in Chad.
Geography
Chad is the world's 21st-largest country. It is slightly smaller than Peru and slightly larger than South Africa. To the north is Libya, to the south is the Central African Republic, to the east is Sudan, and to the west are Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger.
The country's capital is from the nearest seaport Douala, Cameroon. Due to this distance from the sea and the country's largely desert climate, Chad is sometimes called the "Dead Heart of Africa".
Lake Chad is the largest wetland in Chad and the second largest in Africa. Lake Chad was 7000 years ago. Now it is . Chad's highest peak is the Emi Koussi in the Sahara.
The region's tall grasses and large amount of marshes make it good for birds, reptiles, and large mammals. Chad's major rivers are the Chari and Logone.
Regions
Since 2002, the Republic of Chad has been divided into regions. It was previously divided into prefectures, and then departments.
Below is a list of the 23 regions as of 2012.
ad since 2012
Cities
The largest cities in Chad are:
N'Djamena - 704,200
Moundou - 136,900
Sarh - 100,100
Abeche - 72,500
Kelo - 41,500
Koumra - 35,400
Pala - 34,600
Am Timan - 28,200
Bongor - 27,100
Mongo - 27,100
Languages
Chad's official languages are Arabic and French, but over 100 languages and dialects are spoken. Due to the important role of Arab traders and merchants, Chadian Arabic has become a lingua franca, a language for all to use.
Education
Attending primary school is required in Chad, though only about 50% of children attend school. Adult literacy is only 35%.
The University of N'Djamena provides higher education.
Agnieszka Kotulanka

Agnieszka Kotulanka, rightly Agnieszka Sas-Uhrynowska (born Agniesza Kotula; 26 October 1956 - 20 February 2018) was a Polish actress and a performer of actress songs. She was known for long-term appearance as Krystyna Lubicz in Polish soap opera Klan (1997-2013). She also appeared as Karska in the 1995 movie Holy Week directed by Andrzej Wajda.
Kotulanka died due to dipsomania in Warsaw on 20 February 2018 at the age of 61.
Allelopathy

Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that inhibits the growth of another.
Very important person

A very important person (VIP) is a person who is given special privileges due to the status or importance of the person. The term "VIP" (usually pronounced V-I-P) is often used as an abbreviation for very important person. Such a person might be a celebrity, a head of state, a politician, a rich person, or any other person who receives special service for any reason.
The term V.I.P. appeared before World War Two, starting in the Russian emigration. It abbreviated the Russian phrase "ves'ma imenitaya persona" which described someone accorded special privileges due to social status or importance.
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs

The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) is a branch of the United Nations General Assembly. UNOOSA creates, maintains and carries out the General Assembly's rules about space.
The building for UNOOSA is located in the United Nations Office in Vienna in Austria.
UNOOSA operates the Programme on Space Applications and maintains a list of objects sent into space - the Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space. UNOOSA also helps developing nations develop space technology to help their economies.
Latacunga

Latacunga (; Quechua: Latakunga) is a plateau town of Ecuador, capital of the Cotopaxi Province, south of Quito. At the time of census 2010 Latacunga had 98,355 people living here.
Debbie Stabenow

Deborah Ann Greer "Debbie" Stabenow (born April 29, 1950) is a United States Senator from Michigan. She become a member of the Senate in 2001. Before that, she was a member of the United States House of Representatives.
Biography
Stabenow was born in Gladwin, Michigan. She went to high school in Clare, Michigan. She earned a bachelor's degree and a master's degree from Michigan State University. After college she had some jobs in state government and was also a social worker. She became a member of the US House of Representatives in 1997, and she became a member of the US Senate in 2001.
In 1994, she ran for Governor of Michigan, but lost in the primary. She soon became the Lieutenant Governor candidate only to lose in the general election.
In January 2023, Stabenow announced her retirement, saying that she would not run for re-election to the Senate in the 2024 election.
Hossain Toufique Imam

Hossain Toufique Imam (; 15 January 1939 - 4 March 2021) was a Bangladesh Awami League politician. He was a political advisor to the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.
Imam died of kidney disease at a Dhaka hospital on 4 March 2021, aged 82.
A Snow Fairy Tale

A Snow Fairy Tale () is a 1959 Soviet fantasy movie directed by Aleksei Sakharov and Eldar Shengelaia. It stars Igor Yershov, Alla Kozhokina, and Yevgeny Leonov.
Spaghetti Junction

Spaghetti Junction is a motorway interchange in Birmingham, England. It is junction 6 of the M6 motorway.
The junction's official name is Gravelly Hill Interchange, but this name is not used very often. The junction links the M6 with the A38(M) motorway which passes through Birmingham. The interchange was opened in 24 May 1972, and was given its popular name by local journalists.
The junction covers 30 acres, serves 18 routes and includes 4 km (2.5 miles) of slip roads. There are five levels, and it flies over two railway lines, three canals and two rivers. It took nearly four years to build it, against an estimated three years. It cost PS8 million, which is a deceptively small amount. It can only be understood by realising the extent of monetary inflation during the past half century.
The junction has had a lot of repair work done a number of times since it was built. There is very heavy traffic through the junction, and there were some alleged cost-saving measures during its construction.
Inland Steel Building

The Inland Steel Building, located at 30 W. Monroe Street in Chicago is one of the city's defining commercial high-rises of the post-World War II era of modern architecture. It was built in the years 1956-1957 and was the first skyscraper to be built in the Chicago Loop following the Great Depression of the 1930s. Its principal designers were Bruce Graham and Walter Netsch of the Skidmore, Owings & Merrill architecture firm.
Brazilian imperial family

The Brazilian imperial family ruled the Empire of Brazil between 1822 and 1889, from the Independence of Brazil, who was later acclaimed emperor as Pedro I of Brazil, until the deposition of Pedro II during the Proclamation of the Republic, in 1889.
The Orleans and Braganca family, maternally descended from the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganca and paternally from the French house of Orleans, is considered by monarchists to be the current Brazilian imperial family.
Mandach

Mandach is a municipality in Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
LNER Class A4

The LNER Class A4 was a type of steam locomotive made in England in 1935. It was designed by Sir Nigel Gresley for the London North Eastern Railway. 35 locomotives were built in total.
They were designed to be very fast and had a very sleek shape. One of them, 4468 "Mallard", is the fastest steam locomotive ever made. It set a world speed record of 126 mph (202.7 km/h) on July 3, 1938.
Six A4s still exist today. The rest were scrapped when steam stopped being used to power trains in Britain.
Bridesmaid

A bridesmaid is a member of the bride's group in a wedding. A bridesmaid is usually a young woman, and often a close friend or sister. She helps the bride on the day of a wedding or marriage ceremony. Traditionally, bridesmaids were chosen from unmarried young women who were old enough to be married.
The main bridesmaid may be called the chief bridesmaid or maid of honor if she is unmarried, or the matron of honor if she is married. A junior bridesmaid is a girl who is clearly too young to get married, but who is included as an honorary bridesmaid.
River Annalee

The River Annalee is a river in County Cavan, Ireland. The source of the river is Lough Sillan near Shercock.
Roots (TV miniseries)

Roots is an American television miniseries based on Alex Haley's 1976 book Roots: The Saga of an American Family. It was first shown on ABC in 1977. It was shown over eight nights, from January 23 to January 30, 1977. It was followed by two sequels: Roots: The Next Generations, which was shown on ABC in 1979, and Roots: The Gift, a Christmas television movie which was shown on ABC in 1988. It got 37 Emmy Award nominations and won nine. It also won a Golden Globe and a Peabody Award.
The miniseries is about several generations of an African-American slave family. It shows their daily lives, where they are forced into labor, rape, and the sale and separation of their own family.
Mougins

Mougins is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Apicomplexa

The Apicomplexa are a large group of protists (protozoa) which are parasitic. They have developed some extraordinary adaptations which fit them in their parasitic life. They are all single-celled, they are all parasites of animals, and they all form spores.
They have a unique organelle, a plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure which gets them into a host's cell. They do not have structures such as flagella or pseudopods except in certain gamete stages. Body movement is by flexing or gliding.
The group were once called the Sporozoa, but this name is now discouraged.
Apicomplexans have complex life cycles, and there is much variation among different apicomplexan groups. Both asexual and sexual reproduction occur. Cell nuclei are haploid.
This is a diverse group including organisms such as coccidia, gregarines, piroplasms, haemogregarines, and malarias. Diseases caused by apicomplexan organisms include:
Babesiosis (Babesia)
Malaria (Plasmodium)
Coccidian diseases including:
Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium parvum)
Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora cayetanensis)
Isosporiasis (Isospora belli)
Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
Life cycle
Most members have a complex life-cycle, with both asexual and sexual reproduction. A host is infected by an active invasion by the parasites. The parasites divide to produce sporozoites which enter its cells. Eventually, the cells burst, releasing merozoites, which infect new cells. Eventually, gametes are produced, and they fuse to create new cysts. There are many variations on this basic pattern, however, and many Apicomplexa have more than one host.
The apical complex includes vesicles which open at the front of the cell. They secrete enzymes that allow the parasite to enter other cells. The tip is surrounded by a band of microtubules, called the polar ring, and among the Conoidasida there is also a funnel of tubulin proteins called the conoid.
The presence of alveoli and other traits place the Apicomplexa among a group called the alveolates. Several related flagellates, such as Perkinsus and Colpodella, have structures similar to the polar ring and were formerly included here, but most appear to be closer relatives of the dinoflagellates. They are probably similar to the common ancestor of the two groups.
Another similarity is that many apicomplexan cells contain a single plastid, called the apicoplast, surrounded by either 3 or four membranes. Its functions are thought to include tasks such as lipid and haem biosynthesis. It appears to be necessary for survival. The plastids are thought to have a common origin with the chloroplasts of dinoflagellates, and evidence points to an origin from red algae rather than green.
Surava

Surava was a municipality of the district Albula in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Alvaschein, Mon, Stierva, Tiefencastel, Alvaneu, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava merged to form the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.
Victorino Mapa

Victorino Montano Mapa (February 25, 1855 - April 12, 1927) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He later became the second Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands.
Wellenstein

Wellenstein () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Remich.
On 1 January 2012, the commune was merged with Burmerange to form the commune of Schengen.
Jermaine Jenas

Jermaine Jenas (born 18 February 1983) is an English footballer. He plays for Tottenham Hotspur and the England national team.
Between 2003-2009, Jenas is said to have 21 England caps.
In January 2016, Jenas officially confirmed about his retirement from football.
Oghuz Turks

Oghuz Turks were a historical western Turkic people that formed a tribal confederation in the area around the Caspian Sea in Central Asia during the early Middle Ages.
The Oghuz tribe also appears in Turkic Mythology. For example, the Oghuz Tribe would consist of 24 branches, from which the current Turks, Azeris and Turkmens would descend. The Oghuz people themselves are said to be descended from the legendary Turkish ruler Oghuz Khagan. Oghuz means "tribe" and Khagan means"ruler".
Operation Caban

Operation Caban was a military operation that happened in September 1979, to put former president, David Dacko back into power, and restore the Central African Empire to the Central African Republic by removing Emperor Bokassa I.
Melanie Brown

Melanie Brown (born 29 May 1975), also known as Mel B, is a British singer, songwriter and television personality. She is best known as a member of the Spice Girls.
Career
Spice Girls
The Spice Girls started in 1994. She became known for her big frizzy hair during the groups early years and her nickname was "Scary Spice". The band released three albums. They broke up in 2000. In 2007 the Spice Girls did a tour called The Return of the Spice Girls.
Solo Career
Mel B has also released two solo albums. Hot was released in 2000. "I Want You Back" was released as a single from the album. Missy Elliott rapped in it. It reached number one in the UK. Brown's second album L.A. State of Mind was released in 2005. In 1997 Brown acted in Spice World. She won the Razzie Award for Worst Actress.
Television
Mel B has also been a celebrity judge on the shows America's Got Talent,. Australia's Got Talent,. The X Factor UK, its Australian version and Masked Singer Australia.
Personal life
She was born in Harehills, Leeds, West Yorkshire to an English mother and Nevisian father. She grew up working class in Burley, Leeds. She has three daughters.
Corentin Tolisso

Corentin Tolisso (born 3 August 1994) is a French professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Bayern Munich and the France national team.
Leipheim

Leipheim is a town in Gunzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the Danube, west of Gunzburg, and northeast of Ulm. The village Riedheim and Weissingen are districts of Leipheim. Since 1993, Leipheim has been twinned with the Hungarian town Fonyod.
Jalapeño

The jalapeno is a type of Mexican pepper. It is a form of the Chili pepper. It is pronounced hala-PAYN-nyo or hala-PEE-nyoIt is named after the city of Xalapa, which is the capital of the Mexican state of Veracruz. A chipotle is a smoked, dried jalapeno. . The jalapeno is a reasonably spicy pepper, rated at between 2.500 and 8.000 Scoville. It is commonly sold in Mexico, and the southern United States, where it is used for cooking.
Jalapenos accound for about 30% of Mexican chili production.
Debra Baptist-Estrada

Debra Baptist-Estrada is a port commander from Belize. In 2016 she received the International Women of Courage Award.
Work
Estrada was Port Commander of Philip S. W. Goldson International Airport, the only international airport in Belize. For 20 years, she worked in the immigration department. In 2015 she helped U.S. officials to find a smuggling organization. The organization was smuggling drugs and people to the United States and Europe. Then she was transferred to the northern border of Belize. She worked as an immigration officer at the Santa Elena Border in Corozal. She continued to refuse bribes and enforce the immigration laws.
Common emerald dove

The common emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica), also called Asian emerald dove and grey-capped emerald dove, is a widespread resident breeding pigeon native to the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. The dove is also called the green dove and the green-winged pigeon. The common emerald dove is considered national dove of India and the provincial bird of the Indian subnational state of Tamil Nadu.
Battery charger

A battery charger is a device that makes a used battery able to be used again. It works by forcing electric current into it from the opposite polarity of the battery. However, only rechargeable batteries can be recharged with a battery charger.
Battery chargers can be found in many forms, such as for mobile phone batteries, an electric vehicle charger, and a laptop battery charger (adapter).
Bruay-la-Buissière

Bruay-la-Buissiere is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Alan Bean

Alan LaVern Bean (March 15, 1932 - May 26, 2018), (Capt, USN, Ret.), was an American former naval officer and aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and NASA astronaut.
He was the fourth person to walk on the Moon. He was selected to become an astronaut by NASA in 1963 as part of Astronaut Group 3. He made his first flight into space aboard Apollo 12, the second manned mission to land on the Moon, at the age of thirty-seven years in November 1969.
Bean died at a hospital in Houston, Texas on May 26, 2018 from a short-illness at the age of 86.
Cristina (singer)

Cristina Monet-Palaci (January 17, 1956 - March 31, 2020), better known as Cristina, was an American singer. She is best known for her new wave recordings made for Ze Records around the early 1980s in New York City. Her two studio albums were reissued in 2004. Notable singles by Cristina include "Disco Clone", "Is That All There Is?", "Drive My Car" and "Things Fall Apart".
On March 31, 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Cristina died of COVID-19. She was 64.
Aérospatiale SA-341 Gazelle

The Aerospatiale SA-341 Gazelle is a French helicopter designed and built by Aerospatiale. It was also built under licence in UK by Westland as Westland Gazelle for Royal Navy and Royal Air Force. Some were built and used by Yugoslavia as SOKO SA-341 Partizan.
It was used for anti-tank, reconnaissance and training.
Many are also used for private helicopter.
Bibliography
Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et helicopteres militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Lariviere editions, 1999. .
Frawley, Gerard, The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003 . London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
Chosen people

Many people have considered themselves to be the chosen people. Usually, a deity chose them to fulfill a specific role, or purpose. In monotheistic religions, this is used to construct "God's chosen people". One of the common cases was that the Israelites. Sometimes the claim is constructed because even though the people are not related to the Israelites, the ideas are similar.
Jan Schlaudraff

Jan Schlaudraff (born 18 July 1983) is a former German football player.
Blackland, Texas

Blackland is a city in Rockwall County, Texas, United States.
Arrondissement of Florac

The arrondissement of Florac is an arrondissement of France; it is part of the Lozere departement in the Occitanie region.
History
When the Lozere department was created on 17 February 1800, the arrondissement of Florac was part of that original department.
Geography
It is the smallest and southernmost of the two arrondissements of the department, with an area of . It has 13,313 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km2
The arrondissement is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Mende, to the east and south by the Gard department, and to the west by the Aveyron department.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
In the arrondissement of Florac, there are 2 cantons whose communes are in the arrondissement: Le Collet-de-Deze and Florac. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and arrondissements:
Communes
The arrondissement of Florac has 44 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Barre-des-Cevennes (48019)
Bassurels (48020)
Bedoues-Cocures (48050)
Les Bondons (48028)
Cans-et-Cevennes (48166)
Cassagnas (48036)
Le Collet-de-Deze (48051)
Florac Trois Rivieres (48061)
Fraissinet-de-Fourques (48065)
Gabriac (48067)
Gatuzieres (48069)
Hures-la-Parade (48074)
Ispagnac (48075)
La Malene (48088)
Mas-Saint-Chely (48141)
Le Massegros (48094)
Meyrueis (48096)
Moissac-Vallee-Francaise (48097)
Molezon (48098)
Montbrun (48101)
Le Pompidou (48115)
Pont-de-Montvert-Sud-Mont-Lozere (48116)
Quezac (48122)
Le Recoux (48125)
Rousses (48130)
Le Rozier (48131)
Saint-Andre-de-Lancize (48136)
Sainte-Croix-Vallee-Francaise (48144)
Sainte-Enimie (48146)
Saint-Etienne-Vallee-Francaise (48148)
Saint-Georges-de-Levejac (48154)
Saint-Germain-de-Calberte (48155)
Saint-Hilaire-de-Lavit (48158)
Saint-Julien-des-Points (48163)
Saint-Martin-de-Boubaux (48170)
Saint-Martin-de-Lansuscle (48171)
Saint-Michel-de-Deze (48173)
Saint-Pierre-des-Tripiers (48176)
Saint-Privat-de-Vallongue (48178)
Saint-Rome-de-Dolan (48180)
Vebron (48193)
Ventalon-en-Cevennes (48152)
Vialas (48194)
Les Vignes (48195)
There is only a town with more than 1,000 inhabitants, and it is the subprefecture, Florac Trois Rivieres, with 2,107 inhabitants.
Steve Chen

Steve Chen is a Taiwanese-American Internet entrepreneur. He is one of the co-founders and previous chief technology officer of YouTube. After having co-founded the company AVOS Systems, Inc. and built the video-sharing app MixBit, he joined Google Ventures in 2014.