kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Scots

Scots is a West Germanic language. It is sometimes called Lowland Scots or Lallans. It is not Scottish English but the two are similar. Scottish English is a dialect of English and Scots is a separate language. Ulster Scots is a form of Scots found in the north of Ireland. Scots is very different from the Scottish Gaelic language, which is a Celtic language.
There have been disagreements about the linguistic, historical and social status of Scots. Focused broad Scots is at one end of a scale, with Scottish Standard English at the other. Scots is generally regarded as one of the ancient varieties of English, and has its own distinct variants such as Doric.
History
Origin
Northumbrian Old English was established in what is now southeastern Scotland as far as the River Forth by the seventh century. The region was part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. Early Scots began to diverge from Northumbrian English in the twelfth and thirteenth century. There was immigration of Scandinavian-influenced Middle English-speakers from the North and Midlands of England.
Later influences on the development of Scots were from Romance languages via ecclesiastical and legal Latin, Norman and later Parisian French from the Auld Alliance and Dutch and Middle Low German influences by trade and immigration from the Low Countries. Scots also includes loanwords from contact with Gaelic.
13-14th century
From the 13th century, Early Scots spread further into Scotland through the burghs established by King David I. The growth in prestige of Early Scots in the 14th century and the decline of French in Scotland made Scots the prestige dialect in most of eastern Scotland.
17th century
From 1610 to the 1690s, during the Plantation of Ulster, many Scots-speaking Lowlanders, about 200,000, settled there. In the core areas of Scots settlement, there were five or six times as many Scots as English settlers. Southern Modern English was adopted as the literary language after 1700, and "Modern Scots" is sometimes used to describe the spoken language after 1700.
Public house

Public houses (better known as pubs) are businesses that serve alcoholic drinks such as beer, cider and ale, and usually also non-alcoholic drinks such as lemonade, cola, tea, and coffee to be consumed within the limits of the public house. They are subject to the licensing laws of the country. They may be closed down if not properly conducted. Many pubs also sell food such as fish and chips and meat pies.
Pubs are found in English-speaking countries such as England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Canada, Australia and the United States. In villages and small towns in many parts of England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, pubs are the centre of community life. Some pubs hire bands or singers to entertain customers. If the pub has rooms where people can sleep at night, it is usually called an inn.
Ownership and staffing
Public houses may be owned and operated in different ways. Breweries may own a number of pubs themselves. Pubs may be run as franchises by large catering companies. However they are owned, a pub will be managed by a "landlord" or "landlady". Employees do different jobs to provide good service. Bartenders (also called "barmen" or "barmaids") serve drinks at the bar. In most pubs, the customer orders the drinks at the bar and waits for them to be prepared, then carries the drinks back to the tables or area of seating. In some types of pubs may sit at the bar or remain standing with their drinks. Some pubs hire servers, called waiters or waitresses, to bring drinks to people who are sitting at tables or in chairs. Some pubs also hire people to take away empty bottles and glasses, though commonly the bartenders will do this as well.
Pubs that serve food have cooks, dishwashers, and servers to prepare, cook, and serve the food. Bands and singers who entertain customers during the evening are not usually employees of the pub. Instead, the pub signs a contract with these entertainers, in which the entertainer promises to come to the pub on a specified day or night, in return for a sum of money.
Comparison with nightclubs
Another type of business that serves alcohol is the nightclub. Like pubs, some nightclubs also serve food and have bands or singers as entertainers. Most people go to nightclubs because they enjoy the music and dancing. However, nightclubs often have a much wider selection of alcoholic drinks than pubs. Most nightclubs sell a number of different brands of spirits, liqueurs, wine, sherry, and aperitifs.
The bartenders (also called "barmen" or "barmaids") at nightclubs often make a much larger variety of mixed drinks, or cocktails, than those who work in pubs.
Schwerte

Schwerte is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 48,000 people live there. Schwerte is in the Ruhr valley just north of the mountainous Sauerland region. The Ruhr river runs through the center of Schwerte. Schwerte is a popular cycling destination for tourists.
History
Schwerte received civic rights in the 12th century. It was a member of the medieval Hanseatic League. During World War II Schwerte housed a branch of the Buchenwald concentration camp. The camp held 710 prisoners.
Controversy
In 2015 Schwerte officials have proposed housing refugees at the site of the former concentration camp. The plan has been criticized as a bad idea by many Germans including the premier of North Rhine-Westphalia. Officials say the buildings were built after the war and should not be a problem. Refugees coming to Germany include those from Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Kosovo and Serbia.
Nikolai Krogius

Nikolai Vladimirovich Krogius (July 22, 1930 - July 14, 2022) was a Russian Chess Grandmaster, International Arbiter (1985), psychologist, chess coach, chess administrator, and author. He coached World Champion Boris Spassky for many years. He also was chairman of the USSR Chess Federation. He was the co-winner of the 1993 World Senior Chess Championship.
Krogius died on July 14, 2022 in New York City, eight days before his 92nd birthday.
Jerry Adler

Jerry Adler (born February 4, 1929) is an American actor, director and producer. He is probably best known for his roles as Herman "Hesh" Rabkin in The Sopranos (1999-2007) and as Howard Lyman in The Good Wife (2011-2016). He has also directed a number of plays.
Adler was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He grew up in a Jewish household.
Banchory

Banchory (Scottish Gaelic: Beannchar, 'blessed place') is a burgh or town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, lying approximately 18 miles west of Aberdeen, near where the Feugh River meets the River Dee.
Wamba

Wamba is a small town in Kenya. It is in the Samburu district. The Wamba administrative division is there. The town has a big Catholic hospital. The hospital is considered important to the Samburu district. The town plays a role in the tourism industry in Kenya. It has strong ties with Prince William of Britain due to his efforts to promote conservation and ties with Samburu communities.
The Saturday Evening Post

The Saturday Evening Post is an American magazine. It started publication in 1897. Its origins are traced to Benjamin Franklin's colonial newspaper The Pennsylvania Gazette. The Post was famous for its covers by Norman Rockwell and the single-panel comic strip Hazel by Ted Key. Contents included short fiction, poetry, and humor. Jack London's novel The Call of the Wild was first published in the Post in 1903.
Clermont-Créans

Clermont-Creans is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Robin Chandler Duke

Robin Chandler Duke (born Grace Esther Tippett; October 13, 1923 - February 6, 2016) was an American socialite, journalist, women's rights advocate and diplomat. She served as the United States Ambassador to Norway from September 12, 2000 until March 1, 2001.
Duke was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She was married to actor Jeffrey Lynn and later diplomat Angier Biddle Duke until his death in 1995. She had three children.
Duke died on February 6, 2016 in Charleston, South Carolina. She was aged 92.
Council of Women World Leaders

The Council of Women World Leaders, created in 1996, is a network of 77 current and former Presidents and Prime Ministers. It is the only organization in the world dedicated to women heads of state and government. The Council's Ministerial Initiative also involves current and former cabinet ministers and secretaries in the work of the Council.
Lina Al-Tarawneh

Lina Nayel Al-Tarawneh () is a Jordanian-Qatari climate activist.
Activism
Lina Al-Tarawneh has Jordanian nationality but she was born in Qatar. She lived in Doha and studied "medicine" at Qatar University. In 2015, she and her parents made a trip to Al Khor Island (also known as Purple Island) about 50 kilometers north of Doha. There, she saw the mangroves for the first time. She fell in love with the beautiful region. She discovered that few people in Qatar knew this region. She also saw that there was a lot of litter. So, she decided to do something about it. In October 2016, Al-Tarawneh applied and won a competition called the "Harvard Social Innovation Collaborative Global Trailblazer". The program gave five young entrepreneurs from around the world the opportunity to present their ideas at the annual "Igniting Innovation Summit on Social Entrepreneurshipat Harvard University". Together with her elder sister Dina, she founded the NGO "Green Mangroves" in 2017. After receiving a $15,000 of grant from the Ford Motor Company in 2017, she invested in the NGO. It was through the purchase of kayaks. The association organizes kayak trips with the aim of clearing litter.
Laura Olascuaga

Laura Victoria Olascuaga Pinto (born 1995 in Cartagena, Colombia) is a Colombian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Colombia 2020 pageant on November 16, 2020. She will represent Colombia at Miss Universe 2020.
Life and career
Early life
Olascuaga was born in Cartagena, the capital of the department of Bolivar. She graduated from the Universedad del Norte in Barranquilla, where she earned her bachelor's degree in social communication and journalism.
Pageantry
Olascuaga began her pageantry career representing the department of Bolivar in Senorita Colombia on November 12, 2018. She placed first runner up, being awarded the title of "Virreina", but resigned the following day. On November 16, 2020, Olascauga, representing the department of Bolivar, won the title of Miss Universe Colombia 2020 and was crowned by former Miss Germany and current director of Miss Universe Colombia, Natalie Ackermann. As the new titleholder, Olascuaga will represent Colombia at Miss Universe 2020.
Neotropic

In context of biogeography, Neotropic or Neotropical means one of the world's eight terrestrial ecozones.
This ecozone includes South and Central America, the Mexican lowlands, the Caribbean islands, and southern Florida, because these regions share a large number of plant and animal groups.
It is sometimes used as a synonym for the tropical area of South America, although the ecozone also includes temperate southern South America.
Its fauna and flora are distinct from the Nearctic (which includes most of North America) because of the long separation of the two continents. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama joined the two continents 2 to 3 million years ago.
The Neotropic includes more tropical rainforest than any other ecozone. They extend from southern Mexico through Central America and northern South America to southern Brazil and include the Amazon Rainforest. These rainforest ecoregions are one of the most important reserves of biodiversity on Earth. Extensive deforestation in the late 20th century has reduced this diversity to a degree.
Liganga

Liganga is a place in Tanzania where iron is mined. There is also Vanadium and Titanium there. It is near Lake Malawi.
Anton Ažbe

Anton Azbe (30 May 1862 - 5/6 August 1905) was a Slovene painter and teacher of painting. He painted in the realist style. Less than 30 of his paintings and drawings survive. The National Gallery of Slovenia in Ljubljana holds most of his works. He was most famous for his private painting school which he opened in Munich in 1892. Many foreign students came to study with him including Alexej von Jawlensky and Wassily Kandinsky.
Life and career
Anton Azbe and his twin brother Alois were born to a peasant family in Dolencice, a small village in Slovenia. Their father died of tuberculosis when the boys were seven years old. Their mother had a very bad mental illness. She could not look after the farm or take care of the boys. A guardian took care of them. Anton had very poor health. He did not grow like a healthy child. He remained very short all his life. He also had problems with his spine and his legs. His guardian sent him to Klagenfurt as an apprentice to a merchant. After five years Azbe ran away. He went to Ljubljana. In Ljubljana he met the painter Janez Wolf. He helped Wolf paint frescos in churches.
In 1880 Wolf helped Azbe get into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna. Azbe studied for there for two years, but he did not like the academy's teaching method. He thought it was old-fashioned. In 1884 he moved to the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. The Munich academy was much more modern. Azbe did very well there. His teachers, Gabriel von Hackl and Ludwig von Lofftz, admired his work. The academy gave him a scholarship. He and his friend Ferdo Vesel, another art student, earned extra money by selling their drawings and paintings. They also earned money by helping other students with their painting and drawing assignments.
Azbe finished his studies at the Munich academy in 1891. By that time he was already known for his portrait painting. His paintings were shown in art exhibitions at the Glaspalast. The Glaspalast was a large glass and iron exhibition building in the old botanical garden of Munich. It was modeled after the Crystal Palace in London. In 1892, Ferdo Vesel encouraged Azbe to give private lessons to art students in Munich. He started with seven students who rented a room for their lessons, but the number grew very fast. Soon Azbe was able to rent a building on 16 Georgenstrasse for the school. He also had his own studio on that street. The door to the school had a sign that said "Nur fest!" ("Be bold!"). The school became very famous. It specialised in painting nudes and portraits. Famous artists who studied at Azbe's school included Alexej von Jawlensky and Wassily Kandinsky.
Electronic game

An electronic game is either a game console that can connect to a TV to play a video game or a game that be played in someone's hand. Electronic games are often bought by younger people including kids, teenagers and people who have special needs as people with special needs particular autism like games with repetitive sound.
Electronic games were most common being sold in the 1990's when it was the best time in the world to make them, manufacturer and sell them.
In the 1980's, a game called Simon was released by Milton Bradley which also had a 'Super' variant called the Super Simon.
In the 90's there were 2 major games being sold - Bop It and Brain Warp, as well as a second edition of Bop It called the Bop It Extreme which was released in 1999 by Hasbro voiced by Scott Parkin. There was a game called Brain Shift that wasn't popular, but a rare low pitched unit was discovered in 2003 which lasted until 2009. Bop It was re-released again in 2008 as Bop It! and Simon was also re-released 3 years later by Hasbro and then KID Group made Simon Swipe.
Electronic games require batteries to run and the manufacture adds a hidden 'test mode' on which the user can use to capture samples to make another game. Although the samples themselves won't be as good as the original studio quality samples, they can be good quality enough to be re-used in another game.
Lingwa de planeta

Lingwa de planeta (also Lidepla or LdP) is a constructed international auxiliary language. It uses words from the ten most widely spoken languages in the world: Arabic, Chinese, English, Spanish, German, Hindi, Persian, Portuguese, Russian and French.
Pavlo Kuznietsov

Pavlo Serhiyovych Kuznietsov (; 1 May 1950 - 27 January 2022) was a Ukrainian politician. He was a member of the Communist Party of Ukraine. He was in the Verkhovna Rada from 1998 to 2002. He was born in Taganrog, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.
Kuznietsov died of COVID-19 in Kyiv, Ukraine on 27 January 2022, at the age of 71.
Enrico Berlinguer

Enrico Berlinguer (1922 - 1984) was an Italian politician. He was national secretary of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) from 1972 until his death.
Berlinguer was considered the most popular leader of the PCI. He is known for lessening the influence of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Italy.
Berlinguer was an atheist.
Susan

The name Susan [ soo-zuhn ] is a female given name, based around the name Susanna; the name was extremely popular in the United States during earlier parts of the 20th century. The moniker Susan has its roots in Hebrew and signifies "lily." Its etymology can be traced back to the Hebrew term "shoshan," which also means "lily." In biblical references, the lily symbolizes purity and innocence and is frequently associated with the Virgin Mary. Famous people with the name include Susan Lucci and Susan Sarandon. Susan Collins is a United States Senator from Maine; she has been so since 1994. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
Isomalt

Isomalt is a natural substitute for sugar. It is a kind of sugar alcohol. It is used mainly to replace sugar in some products, like bubble gum, candies,chocolate or ice cream. This makes it different from other artificial sweeteners. It is also known as E563.
Ashford & Simpson

Ashford & Simpson were an American R&B music duo who had a lot of hit singles dating to the mid 1960s and continuing through the early 1990s. The duo consisted of Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson. Ashford was born May 4, 1941 and died due to throat cancer, August 22, 2011; Simpson was on August 26, 1946. Singers associated with Ashford & Simpson included Marvin Gaye and Diana Ross.
Eureka College

Eureka College is a Christian liberal arts college in the United States. It is in Eureka, Illinois. It was established in 1855. Abraham Lincoln once spoke on the campus of the college in 1856. Ronald Reagan graduated from the college in 1932. In 2010, Eureka College was made a national historic district by the National Park Service.
Pierce Brosnan

Pierce Brendan Brosnan (born 16 May 1953) is an Irish-American actor. Brosnan holds both Irish and American citizenship. He was born in Drogheda, County Louth. He used to play the part of James Bond. He played the roles of Mr. Brunner and Chiron in Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, Stu Dunmeyer in Mrs. Doubtfire, and was in Mamma Mia!. He will play Doctor Fate in the 2022 DC Extended Universe movie Black Adam.
Gerry Steinberg

Gerald Neil "Gerry" Steinberg (20 April 1945 - 21 August 2015) was a Labour Party politician. He was Member of Parliament for the City of Durham from 1987 until his retirement in 2005.
Steinberg was born in Durham. He died on 21 August 2015 after a long illness, aged 70.
Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho

Moshoeshoe II (2 May 1938 - 15 January 1996), previously known as Constantine Bereng Seeiso, was the paramount chief of Lesotho. He was king of Lesotho from 1966 until his exile in 1990, and from 1995 until his death in 1996.
Migration period

The migration period, or barbarian invasions or Volkerwanderung happened in AD 300-700 in Europe, at the end of ancient history and during the Early Middle Ages.
The migrations included the Goths, Vandals, Franks, and other Germanic; Bulgar; and Slavic tribes. They may have been influenced by attacks of the Huns in the East and may also be connected to the Turkic migrations in Central Asia, overpopulation, or climate changes. The migration period also included groups of Angles, Saxons, Frisians, and some Jutes to Britain.
Migrations would continue well into the Middle Ages, beyond 1000 AD, with successive waves of Slavs, Roma, Avars, Bulgars, Hungarians, Pechenegs, Cumans, and Tatars, which changed the ethnic makeup of Eastern Europe. Historians in Western Europe, however, tend to stress the migrations that were most relevant to that area.
Dimbsthal

Dimbsthal is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Crash Test Dummy

A crash test dummy is a test device (commonly abbreviated 'ATD') that is made to be close to the same shape, size, heaviness, proportions and articulation of the human body. They sometimes have equipment embedded in them that measures data about how hard things are hitting it and how fast the ATD is moving around. ATDs have many applications but are commonly used in simulated (test) car crashes to see how safe the cars are for people when they crash. There are many different kinds of dummies with different weights, for example, dummies that are the same size and weight as a baby.
Mohammadreza Abbasi

Mohammadreza Abbasi (born July 27, 1996) is an Iranian Footballer Winger who currently plays for Zob Ahan.
Club career
Zob Ahan
Abbasi was part of Zob Ahan Academy since 2010. He promoted to first team by Yahya Golmohammadi as summer 2014 with 3 years contract. He made his debut for Zob Ahan as September 4, 2014 against Saipa as a starter.
Michel Roux

Michel Roux (19 April 1941 - 11 March 2020), also known as Michel Roux Sr., was a French-born British chef and restaurateur. Along with his brother Albert, he opened Le Gavroche, later to become the first restaurant in Britain to have three Michelin stars. The brothers also opened The Waterside Inn, which was the first restaurant outside France to hold three stars for a period of 25 years.
The Roux brothers have been described as the "godfathers of modern restaurant cuisine in the UK." He founded the Roux Brothers Scholarship, along with Albert, in 1984. He worked as a consultant for companies such as British Airways and Celebrity Cruises. He was also a food writer and appeared on television shows such as Saturday Kitchen, MasterChef and The Roux Legacy.
Roux was born in Charolles, Saone-et-Loire. His son is chef Alain Roux. Chef Michel Roux Jr. is the son of his brother Albert.
On 11 March 2020, Roux died in Bray, Berkshire, at the age of 78. The cause of his death was idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Kirby Puckett

Anthony Kirby Puckett (more often known simply as Kirby Puckett; March 14, 1960 - March 6, 2006) was an American baseball player. He was born in Chicago. He played for the Minnesota Twins from 1984 to 1995. He had many home run hits and doubles. He retired because of bad vision in one eye. Kirby died on March 6, 2006 in Phoenix, Arizona from a hemorrhagic stroke.
World Games

The World Games are an international multi-sport event. The sports played at The World Games are sports which are not played in the Olympic Games. They are governed by the International World Games Association.
The first World Games were held in 1981 in Santa Clara, California. Since then, they are held every four years, the year after the Summer Olympics.
Paraves

Paraves is a branch-based clade containing birds (clade Aves) and other closely related dinosaurs. The paravians include the Avialae, such as Archaeopteryx, and the Deinonychosauria, which includes the dromaeosaurids and troodontids.
The name Paraves was coined by Paul Sereno in 1997. The clade was defined by Sereno in 1998 as a branch-based clade containing all Maniraptora closer to modern birds than to Oviraptor.
The work of Xu and colleagues provide examples of basal and early paravians with four wings, including members of the Avialae (Pedopenna), Dromaeosauridae (Microraptor), and Troodontidae (Anchiornis).
Relationships
The cladogram presented below follows a study by Zhang and colleagues.
Aparajitavarman

Aparajitavarman (fl. c. 880-897 CE) was a king of the Pallava dynasty. He was the last king of the Pallava dynasty. He was killed in 897 CE in a battle against Aditya I. In 880 CE Aparajita had defeated and killed Varagunavarman II.
R188 (New York City Subway Cars)

The R188 is a New York City Subway Car by Kawasaki for the New York City Subway. This series is composed of 126 new cars built from 2012 to 2016 and 380 R142A conversation cars originally built from 1999 to 2002. The R188 are used by the A division and run exclusively on the IRT Flushing Line.
George Lamming

George Lamming OCC (8 June 1927 - 4 June 2022) was a Barbadian novelist, essayist, and poet. He was best known for his 1953 novel In the Castle of My Skin. He also was a professor at Duke University and a visiting professor in the Africana Studies Department of Brown University.
Lamming died in Barbados on 4 June 2022, four days before his 95th birthday.
Abderrahmane Meziani

Abderrahmane Meziani (12 May 1942 - 2 June 2016) was a professional Algerian footballer. He played as a forward for the national football team in 1963.
Meziani died from a heart disease in Algiers on 2 June 2016, aged 74.
Ipatinga

Ipatinga is a Brazilian city in the Vale do Aco metropolitan area, state of Minas Gerais. Its population in 2009 was 244.508 inhabitants. Its area is . The city was founded in April 29, 1964.
It's limited with Caratinga, Coronel Fabriciano, Mesquita, Santana do Paraiso and Timoteo.
Alexey Sorokin (admiral)

Alexey Ivanovich Sorokin () (28 March 1922 - 4 March 2020) was a Soviet Admiral of the Fleet. He was a member of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union. He was a political officer and studied at the Lenin Military-Political Academy between 1948 and 1952.
Sorokin died on 4 March 2020 in Moscow at the age of 97.
Richard R. Ernst

Richard Robert Ernst (14 August 1933 - 4 June 2021) was a Swiss physical chemist. He was born in Winterthur, Switzerland. Ernst won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1991 for his works on the creation of Fourier transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy while at Varian Associates in Palo Alto, California.
Ernst was married to Magdalena until his death. Together, they had three children.
Ernst died on 4 June 2021 in Winterthur at the age of 87.
Ninian Stephen

Sir Ninian Martin Stephen, (15 June 1923 - 29 October 2017) was an Australian jurist, civil servant, and politician. He served as the 20th Governor-General of Australia and as a Justice in the High Court of Australia.
Stephen died in Melbourne on 29 October 2017, aged 94.
Upasni Maharaj

Upasni Maharaj (May 15, 1870 - December 24, 1941) was a Hindu guru who lived in a small village called Sakori in Maharashtra, India. Upasni had been a yogi and after coming to the famous Indian saint Sai Baba of Shirdi, and staying in his care for three years, he is said to have become a sadguru. Upasni is most famous as the guru of Indian spiritual teacher Meher Baba. There are still disciples of Upasni Maharaj today who live in Sakori and take care of his temple there.
The principal teachings of Upasni Maharaj were:
Don't trouble others
Become useful to others, even if it costs you suffering.
Always remain content and in the state of Be as it may.
Enköping Municipality

Enkoping Municipality () is a municipality in Uppsala County in central Sweden. The seat is in Enkoping.
Merlot

Merlot is a type of red wine and it is the main agricultural production of the Swiss canton called ticino.
Times Square Ball

The Times Square Ball is a time ball (a ball dropped at a certain time) at the top of the One Times Square building in Times Square in New York City. It is used as part of the New Year's Eve celebration held yearly in Times Square.
Every year at 11:59 p.m. EST, the ball is lowered 141 feet (43 m) from a flagpole, reaching the bottom at midnight to signal the start of a new year. The first ball drop took place on December 31, 1907. It has been dropped every year since then (except in 1942 and 1943 because of World War II). The ball's design has been changed many times over the years. The current design has LED lighting and triangle-shaped crystal panels. Starting in 2009, the ball is shown in One Times Square throughout the year.
The Times Square ball drop is one of the best-known New Year's Eve celebrations in the world. Over one million people come to Times Square every year to see the ball drop. The ball drop is shown on several major television networks. The best known is ABC, which broadcasts Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve, hosted by Dick Clark until his death in 2012. Ryan Seacrest has hosted the show since 2005-06. In 1904 they organized an New Years Eve party at Times Square without the ball.
Monster's Ball

Monster's Ball is a 2001 American romantic drama movie directed by Marc Forster and starring Billy Bob Thornton, Halle Barry, Heath Ledger, Peter Boyle, Sean Combs, Mos Def. It was distributed by Lionsgate Films and was nominated for 2 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 2002.
Karl Ravens

Karl Ravens (June 29, 1927 - September 8, 2017) was a German politician.
Ravens was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He served as the Federal Minister of Regional Planning, Construction and Urban Development for West Germany from 1974 to 1978.
He was also a member of the synod of the Evangelical Church in Germany from 1979 to 1981.
Ravens was born in Achim, Lower Saxony, and died in Hanover, at the age of 90.
Inō Tadataka

, also romanized as "Inou", was born in Kujyukuri, Chiba. His real name was Jinbo Sanjiro. He was a Japanese surveyor and mapmaker. He was the first person who made an accurate map of Japan. He started his travel through Japan in 1800. He walked together with his group about 44,000 km to create a map of Japan. When he died in 1818, Takahashi Kageyasu took over and finished the map in 1821.
History
He was born in Kujukuri, Chiba. When he was 18 years old, he was adopted by the Inou family in Sawara. The Inou family was in a difficult situation because they did not earn much money. However, he ran the family business and it succeeded. When he was 50 years old, he went to Edo to study astronomy because he was interested in it.
Making a map
In 1800, when he was 55 years old, he went to Hokkaido and started to make a map. After three years, he finished making a map of East Japan. Before making a map, the government opposed him making it but it was very accurate. Therefore, the government ordered him to make a map of West Japan. In 1815, he completed it.
Commemoration
After his death, some monuments and commemoration were built. For example, Ino Tadataka Anniversary Park in Kujukuri is one of the famous commemorations. In 1995, the Japanese government made a commemorative 80 Yen postage stamp.
Farmers to Families Food Box

The Farmers to Families Food Box program is set up by the United States' government during the COVID-19 pandemic to help get fresh food from farmers to consumers. The food is put into "family-sized" boxes containing produce, dairy products and/or meat. The programs is run by the USDA (Department of Agriculture). It is part of the government's general response to the pandemic, called the Coronavirus Food Assistance Program run by the USDA. It was announced on April 15, 2020. According to the program's home page, over 70,000,000 boxes were invoiced between the start date and then end of August. As of the second week of August 2020, the program's budget was three billion dollars.
The USDA buys the produce from farmers. Then the food is sent to local packaging companies. These companies distribute the packages to local organizations such as NGOs and religious orga
nizations. The program sets no restrictions on which families may pick of the boxes.
Reception
The program has been positively received. However, there has been some criticism. For example, the boxes weigh forty pounds. This can make it difficult for people without a car to get the boxes home. Also, the program initially only had boxes with produce, dairy products and meat. Since some people do not eat dairy or meat products, this created a problem.
It has also been stated that specialty-crop farmers have not been helped enough by the program.
Thunder

For the aircraft, see P-47 Thunderbolt and A-10 Thunderbolt II.
Thunder is a very loud sound that is made sometimes during a very big rain storm.
Thunder is so loud, it can be heard from a very far distance.
It can sound like a boom, a crash, or a rumble.
Thunder is made when lightning strikes.
The energy from the lightning heats up the air so much that it makes a kind of explosion.
When lightning is very near, thunder will be heard soon after the lightning flash, and the sound will be very loud. If the lightning is farther away, the thunder will be a few seconds or many seconds after the lightning. People can guess how far away the lightning is by counting the number of seconds between the time they see the lightning and hear the thunder.
Roane County, Tennessee

Roane County is a county of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,404. Its county seat is Kingston. Roane County is included in the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Piotr Rocki

Piotr Rocki (January 11, 1974 - June 1, 2020) was a Polish football player. He was born in Warsaw. He played for Polonia Warsaw, Hetman Zamosc, Gornik Zabrze, Odra Wodzislaw Slaski and later for Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski. His career lasted from 1990 to 2017.
Rocki died on June 1, 2020 in Bytom, Poland after suffering from an aneurysm, aged 46.
51 (number)

Fifty-one is a number. It comes between fifty and fifty-two, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 17, and 51.
Joe Hart (politician)

Joe Hart (May 8, 1944 - September 11, 2022) was an American Republican politician. He was the 11th State Mine Inspector of Arizona from 2007 to 2021. He also was a member of the Arizona House of Representatives representing Arizona's 2nd Legislative District from 1992 to 2001. Hart was born in Kingman, Arizona.
Hart died on September 11, 2022 at the age of 78.
Mariska Beijer

Mariska Beijer (born 29 June 1991) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, 2016 Summer Paralympics. and gold medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
She played at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.
She played at the 2015 European Women's Wheelchair Basketball Championships.
Hipercor bombing

The Hipercor bombing was a car bombing by Basque separatist group ETA. It happened on 19 June 1987 at the Hipercor shopping centre on Avinguda Meridiana, Barcelona, Spain. It killed 21 people and injured another 45.
Karel Černý (art director)

Karel Cerny (7 April 1922 - 5 September 2014) was a Czech art director and production designer. He is known for being the production designer of the movie Amadeus. He won an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the Amadeus.
Cerny died in Tabor, Czech Republic, aged 92.
Manuel García Ferré

Manuel Garcia Ferre (October 8, 1929 - March 28, 2013) was a Spanish-Argentine animation director and cartoonist. He was known for his animated series Hijitus.
Ferre was born on October 8, 1929 in Almeria, Spain. He was raised in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ferre became an official Buenos Aires citizen in 2009. He was never married. Ferre died on March 28, 2013 in Buenos Aires after going through heart surgery, aged 83.
Sanskara

In Hinduism and Buddhism, Sanskaras are the faint memories left on your mind by experiences you had in your present life or in past lives. Sanskaras change how you look at things in the future and how you act.
Max von Gallwitz

Max Karl Wilhelm von Gallwitz (2 May 1852 - 18 April 1937) was a German general from Breslau (Wroclaw), Silesia. He served during World War I.
Carnoux-en-Provence

Carnoux-en-Provence is a commune of 7,042 people (1999). It is in Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in south France.
Never Die Young (movie)

Never Die Young is a 2013 Luxembourgian documentary drama movie directed by Pol Cruchten. It was selected for Best Foreign Language Film for Luxembourg at the Oscars and was not nominated.
Angela Bettis

Angela Bettis (born January 9, 1973) is an American movie, television, and stage actress. She was born in Austin, Texas. In the 2002 telefilm Carrie, Angela, Jodelle Ferland and the baby replaced Sissy Spacek for being Carrie.
Willis Carto

Willis Allison Carto (July 17, 1926 - October 26, 2015) was a known American figure on the American far right. He called himself aJeffersonian and populist, but was known for his promotion of conspiracy theories and Holocaust denial.
Early life
Carto was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
Career
Carto was thought to be one of America's most influential political racial theorists through the Liberty Lobby and successor organizations which he helped create. Carto ran a group supporting segregationist George Wallace's 1968 presidential campaign which formed the basis for the National Youth Alliance which promoted Francis Parker Yockey's political philosophy.
Death
Carto died from cardiac arrest in Virginia at the age of 89.
Baud

In telecommunications, Baud is the unit to measure the symbol rate. If one symbol can be transmitted per second, this is equal to one Baud. The unit is named after Jean-Maurice-Emile Baudot a French telecommunications engineer who invented the Baudot code. The Baud rate is different from the gross bit rate, measured in bits/second.
Various electric signal schemes invented in the 20th century such as Phase-shift keying can make bit rates much higher than signal rates. In another example, gigabit ethernet has a symbol rate of 125MBd. Gigabit ethernet uses pulse-amplitude modulation and can transmit two bits of payload data per symbol. Gigabit ethernet uses four balanced pairs for transmission.
It can transmit .
Buena Park, California

Buena Park is a city in Orange County, California, United States.
Jeff Garlin

Jeffrey "Jeff" Garlin (born June 5, 1962) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, producer, voice artist, director, writer and author. He is best known for playing Murray Goldberg on the ABC sitcom The Goldbergs and Jeff Greene on the HBO sitcom Curb Your Enthusiasm. He is also a producer on the show.
Garlin was born in Chicago, Illinois. He grew up in Morton Grove, Illinois. Garlin is Jewish.
University of Latvia

The University of Latvia is an independent public university in Riga, Latvia. It was started in 1919, although the library was started in 1524, and Riga Polytechnic started in 1862.
In 2022 there were 15250 students - 10,994 were women. 1021 were from other countries.
Uri Savir

Uri Savir (; 7 January 1953 - 14 May 2022) was an Israeli politician and diplomat. He was born in Jerusalem, Israel. He was a member of the Centre Party and New Way. From 1999 to 2001, he was a member of the Knesset. From 2001 until 2005, he was the Ambassador to Eritrea. He was the chief negotiator of the Oslo Accords.
Savir died on 14 May 2022 at the age of 69.
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the head of the United States House of Representatives. The Speaker is elected by the current members of the House. The person with the most votes becomes Speaker.
Duties
The Speaker has always been a member of the majority party (the party with the most members) but does not have to be an elected member of the House (this has not happened yet). The job of the Speaker is to keep the House in order and to assign committee memberships and chairmanships. It is an important and powerful position in government.
Background
Sam Rayburn is the only person to have served as Speaker of the House for more than ten years.
Theodore M. Pomeroy served as Speaker of the House for one day after Speaker Schuyler Colfax resigned to become Vice President of the United States; Pomeroy's term as a Member of Congress ended the next day.
Sam Rayburn, Henry Clay, Thomas Brackett Reed, Joseph William Martin, Jr., Frederick Muhlenberg, John W. Taylor, and Nancy Pelosi are the only Speakers of the House to have ever served in non-consecutive Congresses (i.e. another Speaker served in between each tenure).
Order of succession
The Speaker of the House is third in line for the Presidency of the United States. If the President of the United States dies or steps down, the Vice President of the United States becomes President. If there is no vice president, the Speaker of the House automatically becomes acting president.
List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives
It includes the congressional district and political affiliation of each speaker as well as the number of their Congress and time they spent in the position.
Napkin

A napkin, or face towel (also in Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia: serviette) is a rectangle of cloth used at the table for wiping the mouth while eating. It is usually small and folded.
The Expendables (2010 movie)

The Expendables is a 2010 action movie that was produced by Avi Lerner, Kevin King Templeton, John Thompson and Robert Earl and was directed by Sylvester Stallone.
Plot
The movie is about a team of mercenaries that are sent to a South American country to overthrow a cold-blooded dictator.
Cast
Sylvester Stallone as Barney Ross
Jason Statham as Lee Christmas
Jet Li as Yin Yang
Dolph Lundgren as Gunner Jensen
Eric Roberts as James Munroe
Randy Couture as Toll Road
Steve Austin as Dan Paine
David Zayas as General Garza
Giselle Itie as Sandra
Charisma Carpenter as Lacy
Gary Daniels as The Brit
Terry Crews as Hale Caesar
Mickey Rourke as Tool
Bruce Willis as Mr. Church
Arnold Schwarzenegger as Trent "Trench" Mauser
Ratings
The Expendables gained mixed reviews:
Rotten Tomatoes - 43%
Metacritic - 45% out of 100
Sequels
The Expendables 2, The Expendables 3 and The Expendables 4 were respectively released in 2012, 2014 and 2023.
Reflection (song)

"Reflection" is a song that is on the soundtrack of the 1998 animated movie, Mulan. It was the first single by American singer Christina Aguilera. It was performed in the movie by Lea Salonga. Ming-Na Wen played the speaking voice of the main character Fa Mulan. Aguilera approached RCA Records. They allowed her to record the song. Disney was looking for a performer who could sing a musical note that was difficult for most performers. Aguilera recorded herself singing Whitney Houston's song, "Run To You". This was a response to Disney, who were impressed by her performance. Aguilera agreed to take a trip to Los Angeles to spend a week recording the album.
The song received a mixed review. Many reviewers agreed that it is a "nice song", however, they said it was not memorable. "Reflection" helped fund for Aguilera's debut album. It also gained her popularity among songwriters and music producers. Because the song was not released for commercial audiences, it only charted on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. It peaked at number 19. The music video was included on the DVD release of Mulan. Aguilera had performed the track on four televised performances. This includes at the CBS This Morning show. This caught the attention of songwriter Diane Warren.
Law Lords

A Law Lord, officially called a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, was a judge given a place in the British House of Lords. The law was changed in 2009, so no more have been made since then. Since then judges are made Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.
Before 1876 the House of Lords was the highest court in the United Kingdom, but it did not actually have judges. After that the most senior judges were made members, and formed a committee to hear appeals. There were 3 to start with but the number was increased to 12.
Bouzincourt

Bouzincourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
VFW-Fokker 614

The VFW-Fokker 614 is a West German airliner. It is a twin-turbojets aircraft. Its uniqueness lies in the implementation of its two turbojets above the wing. VFW-Fokker 614 can carry between 40 and 44 passengers.
It was used by airlines in Denmark, France, and Germany until 2007. German Air Force, the Luftwaffe, also used this aircraft for speed liaisons and VIP transport.
Ramjerd

Ramjerd (, formerly, Kushkak (), also Romanized as Kushkak) is a city and capital of Dorudzan District, in Marvdasht County, Fars Province, Iran.
Aliud

Aliud is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Treyarch

Treyarch is an American video game developer company. Peter Akemann and Dogan Koslu started the company in 1996. Activision bought it in 2001. It is in Santa Monica, California.
In 2005, Gray Matter Interactive and Treyarch became one company.
As part of the 2007 Leipzig Games Convention, Activision announced that Treyarch would be one of three developers making their first James Bond game, Quantum of Solace. The game started to be sold on 31 October 2008 in Europe and 4 November 2008 in North America. Beenox and Vicarious Visions made the PC and handheld versions of the game. Treyarch also plays an important part in developing the Call of Duty series. They have made Call of Duty 2: Big Red One, Call of Duty 3, Call of Duty: World at War, and Call of Duty: Black Ops.
Call of Duty: Black Ops had the record for the biggest entertainment release ever for any kind of entertainment. It broke the record during the first day it was sold Sales from the game worldwide reached US $650 million within five days after its release.Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 later broke the record again.
Farida Vakil

Farida Vakil founded one of the first all female bands in India. Her girl group, The Ladybirds, only lasted a couple of years. The Ladybirds was considered a "landmark" in Indian music history. She then joined a group called The Riot Squad. Vakil won the Simla Beat Contest shortly after joining The Riot Squad.
Early life
Vakil as a child enjoyed cooking, sewing and music. She wondered why she never saw female lead guitarist at beat shows. She made it her mission to be one of India's first female lead guitar players.
Career
She grew up with no girl bands to look up to. The music scene around that time period was dominated by mainly male groups. Vakil started one of the first all female bands in India. Her group was called The Ladybirds. The Ladybirds soon broke up. Vakil then joined a group called the Riot Squad. The Riot Squad was a big success amongst many audiences. Vikal was known as the "lead lady guitarist." She was very popular. When she was only 19 years old she was interviewed in a popular magazine.
Personal life
Farida Vakil was exposed to many different types of music. Vakil's sister worked in the airline industry. She frequently brought back records from all over the world which broadened Farida's taste in music. Her dad managed her bands. He was very protective over his daughter but also very supportive of her. Vakil got married in 1973, a couple of years after she joined The Riot Squad.
Awards
Vakil won the Simla Beat contest in 1971 along with her band, The Riot Squad.
Achievements
Farida Vakil got a record deal with the Riot Squad after winning the Simla Beat Contest.
Robert O'Hara Burke

Robert O'Hara Burke (1821--1861) was an Irish policeman, who led the Burke and Wills expedition. This was the largest and best equipped expedition to explore Australia. They successfully crossed the country, from Melbourne to the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1861. The expedition ended in disaster when Burke and his second in command, William John Wills died from starvation at Cooper Creek on their way back to Melbourne.
Telepopmusik

Telepopmusik is a music group. Angela McClusky sang in the song "Brighton beach" and "Don't look back" off their album Angel Milk. "Breathe" is their most famous song.
NORAD Tracks Santa

NORAD Tracks Santa is an annual Christmas-themed program in which NORAD simulates the tracking of Santa Claus, who is said to leave the North Pole to travel around the world on his mission to deliver presents to children every year on Christmas Eve. The program starts on December 1, but the actual Santa-tracking simulation starts on midnight of December 23. It is a community outreach function of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and has been held annually since 1955.
Tappahannock, Virginia

Tappahannock, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.