kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Anabolic steroid

Anabolic steroids (anabolic-androgenic steroids) are steroidal androgenics. They include natural androgens such as testosterone and synthetic androgens. The synthetic androgens have similar chemical structure and similar effects to testosterone.
The steroids increase protein within cells, mainly skeletal muscles. They cause the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics. They stimulate the growth of hair on the face and body.
The word anabolic, in reference to anabolism, comes from the Greek word anabole. That means: "That, which is thrown up, mound".
Androgens (or AAS) were synthesized in the 1930s. They are now used in medicine to bring on muscle growth and appetite. They also cause male puberty. AAS can also be used to treat chronic wasting conditions such as AIDS and cancer.
Long term use of androgens can lead to or cause harmful health effects. These effects include harmful changes in cholesterol levels, acne, high blood pressure and liver damage.
Use of androgens in sports, racing and bodybuilding as performance enhancing drugs is under controversy because of their adverse effects. There is also the chance to gain unfair advantage in physical competitions. The use of androgens in sports is called doping. Their use is banned by most major sporting bodies.
Fudan University

Fudan University () is a public research university in Shanghai, China. Most people think it is one of the best universities in China. It was founded in 1905, and was the first university in China started by the people instead of the government. Fudan is part of the C9 League of universities. The Chinese Ministry of Education calls the university a CLass A Double First Class University. This means they think it is very good.
Büren, Solothurn

Buren is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
Polish language

Polish () is the official language of Poland. It is the most common Western Slavic language and the second Slavic language, after Russian.
Polish has been an important language in Central and Eastern Europe. Polish is now spoken by over 43.5 million people as their first language in Poland. It is also spoken as a Second language in western parts of Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine. Because of emigration during different times, millions of Polish-speakers can be found in Australia, Ireland, Brazil, Canada, United Kingdom, United States and elsewhere. There are over 50 million speakers around the world.
Letters
There are 9 letters in Polish that English does not have. They look like English letters with marks above or below them.
In lower case, the 9 letters are: a c e l n s o z z
In upper case, the 9 letters are: A C E L N S O Z Z
There are 3 English letters not used in Polish: q, v, x.
There are 7 combinations of 2 letters that are like a single letter sound (similar to "th" or "qu" in English). These include "ch", "cz", "dz", "dz", "dz", "rz", "sz".
Sounds
Many letters have the same sound in Polish and English, such as "f" "m", and others, but other letters sound different: Polish "w" sounds like an English "v", and Polish "l" sounds like an English "w". There are also some Polish sounds that do not exist in English and some English sounds that do not exist in Polish.
The vowels "a" and "e" are nasal and so they are pronounced by blowing air partly out of both the nose and the mouth.
Most words are pronounced with an accent on the second-last syllable: "student" (which means the same as the English word) is pronounced with the accent on "stu" ("STU-dent"), and "studenci" (the plural form of "student") is pronounced with the accent on "den" (stu-DEN-ci).
Dialects
The Polish language has several dialects but they are more similar to one another than most other European languages. There are small differences, but all speakers can understand one another, and non-native speakers often cannot notice the differences.
Grammar
Grammar is complex, and has features that are unlike English.
Like many other languages, Polish has grammatical gender. A table (stol) is masculine, a book (ksiazka) is feminine, and a window (okno) is neuter.
Nouns and adjectives and verbs have many endings, depending on their role in a sentence. There are 7 cases that show the role of a noun in a Polish sentence. Each has its own ending, which also depends on the gender of the noun.
Word order is freer than in English, partly because the case and gender endings help to understand the role of the noun. In English, "The boy bites the dog" is quite different from "The dog bites the boy", but in Polish, both orders can be used without confusion.
Ardenais

Ardenais () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. It has a population of around 199 as of January 2019.
Bob Willis

Robert George Dylan Willis (born Robert George Willis; 30 May 1949 - 4 December 2019) was an English cricketer. He played for Surrey, Warwickshire, Northern Transvaal and England. He was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year for 1978. He was born in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England.
Willis died on 4 December 2019 at the age of 70.
2018 California gubernatorial election

The 2018 California gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect the governor of California. Then-incumbent Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom was elected the next governor of California.
Background
In February 2015, while Gavin Newsom was lieutenant governor, he announced he would run for governor in 2018, to succeed term limited governor Jerry Brown.
In mid-2017, businessman John H. Cox announced his candidacy for governor in 2018. After previously running for public office many times.
Election results
On November 6. 2018, Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom defeated republican candidate and businessman John H. Cox, in a wide and large margin.
Inauguration
Newsom became the 40th governor of California on January 7, 2019.
Mouse Trouble

Mouse Trouble is a Tom and Jerry short released in 1944, directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, with music direction by Scott Bradley. It that year it won an Oscar for Best Animated Short Film.
Saint-Aubert, Nord

Saint-Aubert is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,565 people lived there.
Massimo Corvo

Massimo Corvo (born July 9, 1959 in Rome) is an Italian actor and voice actor. He is the voice of Gendo Ikari in the original Italian dub of Neon Genesis Evangelion.
KYLD

KYLD (94.9 FM) is a commercial radio station in San Francisco, California, serving the San Francisco Bay Area and owned by San Antonio-based iHeartMedia. The station airs a Mainstream Top 40 format on its analog primary signal. The station has studios located in the SoMa district of San Francisco, and the transmitter is located atop the San Bruno Mountains.
Blocking (stage)

In theatre, blocking is the exact positioning of actors on a stage during a performance. The word comes from practices used by theatre directors of the 19th century, who worked out the staging of a scene on a model stage using wooden blocks to represent each of the actors. Today, the director usually determines blocking during rehearsal. They tell the actors where they should move for the proper dramatic and lighting effect, and to ensure that the audience can see everything.
The stage itself has been given named areas to help blocking.
The back of the stage is considered up-stage.
The front of the stage is down-stage.
Stage left and right refer to the actor's left and right facing the audience. Because this is sometimes misunderstood, the terms prompt (actor's or stage left) and bastard/opposite prompt (actor's or stage right) are also used.
House left and house right refer to how the audience sees the stage. The audience's left is called house left, and the audience's right is called house right.
Wawel Dragon

The Wawel Dragon is a well known Polish folktale. The dragon lived in a cave under Wawel Hill, on the banks of the Vistula River. Wawel Hill is in the city of Krakow, in Poland.
The Wawel Cathedral and Krakow's castle are built on Wawel Hill. In the cathedral there is a statue of the dragon. The dragon's cave under the castle is now a popular tourist stop.
History
There are many versions of the folk tale. This is one of them.
A long, long time ago, when Prince Krak was the ruler of Krakow, many young girls kept on being lost, and no one in Krakow knew what had happened to them. It turned out that there was an evil dragon living in a big cave under Wawel Hill. The dragon was stealing farm animals and young girls. Prince Krak said: "The person who kills the dragon will get half of the country and will marry my daughter." Many brave soldiers tried to kill the dragon, but none of them could. Finally, a young shoe-maker came up with an idea! He filled a sheep's skin with salt and left it in front of the dragon's cave. The greedy dragon saw the salt filled sheep and ate it in one bite. Soon he started to feel a burning pain in his stomach. The pain got worse. It burned more and more. Wanting water, he ran to the Vistula River and started to drink fast. He drank and drank but it was still burning. So he continued to drink, until he burst! The city was rid of the mean dragon, and the shoemaker got his prize from the ruler and married his daughter.
Wawel Dragon sculpture by Bronislaw Chromy
In 1970 a statue of the Wawel Dragon was placed in front of the dragon's den. It has six legs, and it breathes fire every few minutes.
Carina Görlin

Carina Gorlin, born 17 February 1963 in Borlange, Sweden, is a Swedish former cross country skier. She competed at international top level from 1991 to 1994. She participated during at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. She there had her best career finish of seventh in the 4 x 5 kilometers relay event. Her best individual finish was the 14th position during the 5 kilometers race.
Her best result during the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was when she ended up 10th in the 15 kilometers event in Val di Fiemme in 1991. Her best World Cup finish was two 12th places. They both occurred at 5 kilometers events in 1991.
In 1993, she won Tjejvasan.
Joanna Frank

Joanna Frank (born Johanna Bochco; March 7, 1941) is an American actress. Her first role was in Elia Kazan's 1963 movie America, America. She was also in the cult biker movie The Savage Seven (1968) and the romantic comedy Say Anything... (1989).
Saúl Rivero

Saul Lorenzo Rivero Rocha (23 July 1954 - 2 July 2022) was a Uruguayan football player and manager. He played as a midfielder. Rivero made nine appearances for the Uruguay national team from 1974 to 1976.
Carriage

A carriage is a type of vehicle that was used before cars were invented. It is a fancy type of cart or wagon, usually with four wheels and suspension. The carriages may be pulled by horses. Carriages are often used for weddings.
Presidential nominee

In United States politics and government, the term presidential nominee has two different meanings:
A candidate for president of the United States who has been selected by the delegates of a political party at the party's national convention (also called a presidential nominating convention) to be that party's official candidate for the presidency.
A person nominated by a sitting U.S. president to an executive or judicial post, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate. (See Appointments Clause, List of positions filled by presidential appointment with Senate confirmation.)
In United States presidential elections, the presumptive nominee is a presidential candidate who is certain to be their party's nominee, but has not yet been formally nominated or elected by their political party at the party's nominating convention.
James Bradley

James Bradley FRS (1693 - 13 July 1762) was an English astronomer. He was born in Sherborne, Gloucestershire, England. Bradley was educated at Northleach Grammar School and at Balliol College, Oxford. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1714 and a Master of Arts in 1717.
He became a member of the clergy and received an income at Bridstow in Herefordshire. Because of his friendship with Edmond Halley, in 1718 he was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society. He gave up his living at Bridstow to become a professor at Oxford in 1721. Bradley succeeded Edmond Halley as Astronomer Royal at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich in 1742. He held this post until his death in 1762.
In 1729 he published his discovery of the aberration of light (also called astronomical aberration). This was he first observational proof of the Copernican Hypothesis that the Sun is at the centre of the Solar System and not the Earth. He noticed a motion in the stars that did not fit the accepted pattern of the time. What he discovered was stellar aberration. In 1748 he published his discovery. That same year he was awarded the Copley Medal from the Royal Society for his discovery.
Britta Schall Holberg

Britta Schall Caroc Holberg (25 July 1941 - 23 February 2022) was a Danish politician. She was a member of the Venstre party. She was Minister of the Interior from 1982 to 1986, Minister for Agriculture from 1986 to 1987, and was a member of the Folketing from 1984 to 1988 and again from 2005 to 2011. Holberg was born in Glumso, Denmark.
Holberg died on 23 February 2022 in Copenhagen, Denmark the age of 80.
Voorst

Voorst is a municipality found in the Dutch province of Gelderland. In 2019, 24,417 people lived there.
IBook

The iBook was a line of laptop computers sold by Apple Inc. between 1999 and 2006. Apple designed these computer for the consumer and education markets, so they had lower specifications and prices than the PowerBook, Apple's higher-end line of laptop computers.
Apple replaced the iBook line with the MacBook in May 2006 while Apple changed to using Intel processors.
Bob Lanier (politician)

Bob Lanier (March 10, 1925 - December 20, 2014) was an American businessman and politician. He served as mayor of the city of Houston, Texas from 1992 to 1998. Lanier was born in Baytown, Texas.
On December 20, 2014, Lanier died at the age of 89 in Houston, Texas from natural causes.
Perach

Perach is a municipality in Altotting, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
Populist Movement

The Populist Movement, also known as the People's Party was a movement in late-19th century America. It grew out of groups such as the Grange Movement. It was largely a movement of farmers, who were poor and felt big businesses, such as railroads, were to blame. Its leaders included Thomas Watson and William Jennings Bryan. The populists had a series of demands known as the Omaha Platform. Here are some of the things the Omaha Platform wanted:
An income tax
Direct election of United States Senators
Free coinage of silver (at a rate of 16 ozs. of silver to one ounce of gold) to encourage inflation
Government ownership of railroads and other large businesses
Though the Populists never and only controlled a few state governments for a few years, many of the demands of the Omaha Platform, such as the income tax and direct election of Senators, were later done as part of the Progressive Movement
19th century in the United States
David Aradeon

David Aradeon is a Nigerian architect,urban planner and currator born in 1933 in Lagos.
Yonsei (fourth-generation Nikkei)

This article is about fourth-generation Japanese immigrants or emigrants. For other uses, see Yonsei.
is a Japanese language term used in countries in North America and South America to name the children born to Japanese people who immigrated. The emigrants or immigrants who were born in Japan are called Issei; and their children born in the new country are called Nisei (second generation). The grandchildren of Issei are called Sansei (third generation) and their great-grandchildren are called Yonsei.
The character and uniqueness of the Yonsei is recognized in its social history. The Yonsei are the subject of on-going academic research in the United States and Japan.
History
The earliest organized group of Japanese emigrants settled in Mexico in 1897.
Imigration to Brazil began in 1908. Today, the community which grew from the immigrant children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren has become the largest Japanese emigrant population outside of Japan, including approximately 1.5 million Brazilians. Other communities of Yonsei grew up in the United States, Canada, and Peru.
The use of the term Yonsei was modeled after an Issei pattern or template. In the 1930s, the term Issei came into common use. The word replaced the term "immigrant" (ijusha). This change in usage mirrored an evolution in the way the Issei looked at themselves. The label Issei also included the idea of belonging to the new country.
Cultural profile
The term Nikkei (Ri Xi ) was created by sociologists in the late 20th century. The Nikkei include all of the world's Japanese immigrants and their descendants.
The Issei were born in Japan, and their cultural perspective was primarily Japanese; but they were in another country by choice. Their Yonsei great-grandsons and great-granddaughters grew up with a national and cultural point-of-view that was different from their great-grandparents.
Although the Issei kept an emotional connection with Japan, they created homes in a country far from Japan. The Yonsei had never known a country other than the one into which they were born.
The Issei, Nisei and Sansei generations reflect distinctly different attitudes to authority, gender, religious practice, and other matters.
Select list of notable Yonsei
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
Warren Furutani (1947- ), American politician
Colleen Hanabusa (1951- ), US Congresswoman
Gina Hiraizumi
Garrett Hongo
David Horvitz.
Villarzel-Cabardès

Villarzel-Cabardes is a commune. It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Fauvillers

Fauvillers is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
In 2007, 2071 people lived there.
It is at .
Věra Chytilová

Vera Chytilova (2 February 1929 - 12 March 2014) was an avant-garde Czech movie director. She was known for her works in Daises, Wolf's Hole, A Hoof Here, a Hoof There, and The Inheritance or Fuckoffguysgoodday.
Chytilova was born in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia.
Cyprus DLR station

Cyprus is a station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) located in Cyprus, London, England. It is south of Beckton, in the Docklands area of Newham, East London. The station serves the University of East London Docklands Campus and the eastern end of the north quay of the Royal Albert Dock. The station is located on the DLR's Beckton branch, between Beckton Park and Gallions Reach stations. It is in Travelcard Zone 3.
Lyn Hancock

Lyn Hancock is an award-winning Australian-Canadian photojournalist, wildlife photographer, and book author.
She has raised numerous orphaned wild animals, including bears, cougars, eagles, puffins, raccoons, and seals; her experiences while doing so have formed the basis of her 20 books, including There's a Seal in my Sleeping Bag, There's a Raccoon in my Parka, Love Affair with a Cougar, and Tabasco the Saucy Raccoon.
She has also written travel literature describing her experiences in the Canadian North.
The Simon Fraser University has awarded her one of the 2009 Outstanding Alumni Awards for Arts & Culture.
Thalassa (mythology)

Thalassa is a Greek goddess. She is a personification of the sea, meaning people thought of the sea as a person, and that person was Thalassa. The word "Thalassa" means "sea."
The Latin author Hyginus wrote about her. He said she was the daughter of the gods Aether and Hemera. She is the wife of the god Pontus, who is also a personification of the sea.
Competitive eating

Competitive eating is a term for a sport where people play to see who can eat the most food in a given time. The sport is most commonly played in the United States and Japan. There are many different foods that can be eaten competitively. Common ones include hot dogs, hamburgers, hot wings, and pies.
The most famous competitive eating contest is Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest on Coney Island. It and other events are part of a tour known as Major League Eating. There are often competitive eating contests at American fairs and carnivals.
Guyencourt-Saulcourt

Guyencourt-Saulcourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Firefly (DC Comics)

Firefly (Garfield Lynns) is a fictional Batman character who dresses up as a firefly and shoots gas or poison from a gun. He appears in comic books by DC Comics. He also uses visual effects. He uses his wings to travel to places. He has a suit that keeps the toxic fumes to go into his lungs. He was once a visual effects artist.
Michelle Veintimilla played the character in the television series Gotham. Brendan Fraser was going to play him in the movie Batgirl, set in the DC Extended Universe.
William Ruckelshaus

William Doyle Ruckelshaus (July 24, 1932 - November 27, 2019) was an American attorney and government official. He worked during the Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan presidencies. He was known for resigning under the Nixon administration after he refused to carryout Nixon's orders to fire key investigators of the Watergate Scandal.
Ruckelshaus was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He studied at Harvard University and at Princeton University.
He served as the first head of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970, was subsequently acting Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and then Deputy Attorney General of the United States. During 1983 through 1985 he returned as EPA Administrator.
In 1968, he ran for the United States Senate in Indiana, but narrowly lost the election to Birch Bayh with 51.7% to 48.2%.
In November 2015, Ruckelshaus was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama during a ceremony at the White House.
Ruckelshaus died at his home in Medina, Washington on November 27, 2019 at the age of 87.
Ahetze

Ahetze is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Bennington, New Hampshire

Bennington is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, 1,476 people lived there.
Threshold (album)

Threshold was Swedish power metal band HammerFall's fifth album.
Axa

AXA is a French multinational insurance firm headquartered in Paris. It is engaged in global insurance, investment management, and other financial services.
The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.
Jeanne Ives

Jeanne M. Ives (nee Remmes, born October 4, 1964) is an American Republican politician. She was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives for the 42nd district from 2013 to 2019.
She ran in the Republican primary in the 2018 Illinois gubernatorial election, almost beating incumbent Governor Bruce Rauner.
She is a candidate in the 2020 election for United States House of Representatives in Illinois's 6th congressional district, running against Democrat Sean Casten. On March 17, she won the Republican primary.
Arnold Spielberg

Arnold Meyer Spielberg (February 6, 1917 - August 25, 2020) was an American electrical engineer of Jewish descent.
He was known for his help "to real-time data acquisition and recording that significantly contributed to the definition of modern feedback and control processes". For General Electric he designed, with his colleague Charles Propster, the GE-225 in 1959. He said that his greatest contribution was to be the first computer-controlled "point of sale" cash register.
He was the father of movie director Steven Spielberg.
Spielberg died on August 25, 2020 at his home in Los Angeles, aged 103.
McDonaldland

McDonaldland is a fictional universe made by McDonald's. The first character Ronald McDonald was made in 1963, and they created McDonaldland as a place for him and his friends to live. Ronald's usual friends are Grimace, The Hamburgler, and Birdie the Early Bird. Other people in McDonaldland include Mayor McCheese, Officer Big Mac, the McNugget Buddies, and the Happy Meal Gang.
In the 1970s and 1980s McDonald's had to change Mayor McCheese and Officer Big Mac, because they were too similar to another fictional world called H.R. Pufnstuf. People thought that McDonaldland got cancelled, but McDonald's was just trying to fix it by bringing in creative people from studios like SEGA and Klasky Csupo. The McDonaldland characters have slowly returned, and were even featured as Funko Pop figures in 2019 and 2021.
The Crying Game

The Crying Game is a 1992 British Japanese Irish romantic thriller movie directed by Neil Jordan and starring Stephen Rea, Forest Whitaker, Miranda Richardson, Jaye Davidson, Adrian Dunbar, Tony Slattery, Jim Broadbent, Birdy Sweeney, Ralph Brown. It was distributed by Miramax Films and was nominated for 6 Oscars and won an Academy Award for Neil Jordan in 1993.
Arizona's 1st congressional district

Arizona's 1st congressional district is one of nine congressional districts in the state of Arizona and one of 435 districts in the USA. It is, geographically speaking, the largest district in the state of Arizona, comprising much of the eastern portion of the state. As of 2020, the district was represented by Democrat Tom O'Halleran.
Dennis Ralston

Richard Dennis Ralston (July 27, 1942 - December 6, 2020) was an American professional tennis player. He was active during the 1960s and 1970s. Ralston was born in Bakersfield, California. He was coached by tennis pro Pancho Gonzales. He was the highest-ranked American player at the end of three consecutive years in the 1960s.
Ralston, a Davis Cup winner with the US Davis Cup team in 1963, continued to serve in the team as a coach from 1968 to 1971 and as a captain from 1972 to 1975, winning the title in 1972 over Romania.
Ralston was honored into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1987.
Ralston died on December 6, 2020 in Austin, Texas from cancer at the age of 78.
Burton Watson

Burton DeWitt Watson (June 13, 1925 - April 1, 2017) was an American scholar and translator of both Chinese and Japanese literature. He was born in New Rochelle, New York.
Watson received awards including the Gold Medal Award of the Translation Center at Columbia University in 1979, the PEN Translation Prize in 1982 for his translation with Hiroaki Sato of From the Country of Eight Islands: An Anthology of Japanese Poetry, and again in 1995 for Selected Poems of Su Tung-p'o. He also received the PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation in 2015.
Watson died on April 1, 2017 in Kamagaya, Japan, aged 91.
Roulans

Roulans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
World Inline Speed Skating Championships

The World Inline Speed Skating Championships is the main inline speed skating championships in World for Seniors, organized by International Roller Sports Federation.
Jan Narveson

Jan Narveson (; born 1936) is an American-Canadian political philosopher. He is the professor of philosophy emeritus at the University of Waterloo. He is an anarcho-capitalist and contractarian.
Works
Morality and Utility, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1967.
Moral Issues, Oxford University Press, 1983.
Political Correctness: For and Against co-authored with Marilyn Friedman, Rowman & Littlefield, 1995.
Moral Matters, 2nd ed., Broadview Press, 1999.
The Libertarian Idea, Paperback edition (with new preface). Broadview Press, 2001. (Orig. pub.: Temple University Press, 1988)
Respecting Persons in Theory and Practice: Essays on Moral and Political Philosophy, Rowman & Littlefield, 2002.
You and the State, 2008.
This is Ethical Theory, Open Court, 2010.
Are Liberty and Equality Compatible?, Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Procedural language

A procedural language is a programming language that follows instructions in a sequential manner. Consider the example below:Go to the market
Buy vegetables
Pay water and electricity bills
Go homeIn a procedural language the above instructions will have to be done from the top to the bottom. If one instruction is not carried out the other instructions below it will not be executed.
Examples of Procedural Programming Languages
BASIC
C
Java
FORTRAN
PASCAL
The above languages listed above are considered procedural because of the manner in which they execute when they are run. Consider one example in C programming:#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num1 = 5;
int num2 = 10;
int sum = num1 + num2;
printf("%d + %d = %d", num1, num2, sum);
return (0);
}
/* Output */
// 5 + 10 = 15As we can see the execution goes from top to bottom. In the event that one instruction is wrong the execution is halted and an error occurs in procedural languages if the error isn't handled.
Advantages
It makes learning of programming languages very easy.
Writing simple programs, testing them and debugging them is very easy when written in procedural manner.
They are well structured which makes readers easily understand what a program is doing.
Disadvantages
Code reuse is not possible. Which bring us to point number 2
Raises development costs due to the inability to reuse code
Testing is difficult especially when the project gets bigger and bigger.
Considering the above pros and cons is important as you develop projects.
Arcy-sur-Cure

Arcy-sur-Cure is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Rick Hendrick

Joseph Riddick Hendrick III (born July 12, 1949) is the owner of the NASCAR race team Hendrick Motorsports. In the time that he has owned the team, he and his team have won ten Sprint Cup series championships.
Dale Earnhardt Jr.

Ralph Dale Earnhardt, Jr. (born October 10, 1974) is an American racecar driver. Earnhardt last drove the #88 Chevrolet SS in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series for Hendrick Motorsports. Earnhardt, Jr. won the 2004 Daytona 500 with Dale Earnhardt, Inc.. Earnhardt is the son of the seven time Sprint cup champion Dale Earnhardt.
Sidewinder

The Sidewinder rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes), also known as the "Horned Rattlesnake", is a species of venomous pit viper. There are three subspecies. It is called a sidewinder because it uses sidewinding to move across sand.
Description
The Sidewinder rattlesnake is a small species of snake, with adults measuring to about long. The females are larger than the males, which is unusual for most snakes. The color of this snake is usually cream or yellowish-brown, and the belly is white colored.
Where it lives
In the southwestern United States of America it can be found in desert regions of eastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah and western Arizona. In northwestern Mexico, it can be found in western Sonora and eastern Baja California.
Behavior
The Sidewinder is nocturnal in hot months and diurnal in cooler months. The Sidewinder uses its tail to attract lizards which it eats, but when it becomes an adult it stops eating lizards and starts eating desert rodents.
Reproduction
A female Sidewinder Rattlesnake gives birth to around 5 to 18 young at a time. For 7-10 days the young stay with their mother in a burrow, they then shed for the first time and then leave the burrow. Sidewinders mature at the age of 2 or 3, then mate in April and May and sometimes in the fall. The female then has its 5-18 babies in the late summer. These babies are born 6-8 inches long. Males live a little bit longer than females, males live to about 13 years old and females about 11 years old.
Pope Adrian IV

Adrian IV (; c. 1100 - 1 September 1159), born Nicholas Breakspear or Breakspeare, was Pope from 1154 to 1159.
Breakspear was an English priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 170th Pope. He is the only Englishman ever to have been Pope.
Life
Breakspear was born near St. Albans in Hertfordshire in England. His father was Robert, who later became a monk at St Albans Abbey. Nicholas himself, however, was not yet to attend the monastery. He was told by the Abbot to 'wait to go on with his schooling so that he might be considered more suitable' (Abbey chronicles). He did not wait and went instead to Paris. He finally became a canon regular of the cloister of St. Rufus monastery near Arles. He rose to be Prior and soon was unanimously elected Abbot. This election has been traditionally dated to 1137. Evidence from the Abbey's chronicles suggests it was about 1145.
In 1146, Breakspear was made Bishop of Albano. Pope Eugene III raised Breakspear to the rank of Cardinal in the same year, 1146.
From 1152 to 1154, Cardinal Breakspear was the papal legate to Scandinavia.
Pope
Cardinal Breakspear was elected pope on 3 December 1154. He chose the name Adrian IV. He at once tried to bring down Arnold of Brescia, the leader of the anti-papal faction in Rome. Disorder in the city led to the murder of a cardinal. Adrian, shortly before Palm Sunday 1155, took the step of putting Rome under interdict. The Senate (City Council of Rome) then exiled Arnold.
Pope Adrian was involved in Italian and European political disputes.
A proposed alliance with the Eastern Byzantine Empire came to nothing. Adrian signed a Papal Bull (official letter) urging King Henry II of England to invade Ireland and bring the Celtic Christian church into the Roman system.
A dispute with Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor was happening when Adrian died. He was said to have died from choking on a fly in his wine. It was probably of quinsy.
Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu

Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu (22 January 1971 - 25 July 2017), often known simply as Gurrumul, was an indigenous Australian musician. He was best known as a singer. Most of his songs are sung in Galpu, Gumatj or Djambarrpuyngu, which are all languages of the Yolngu people of northeastern Arnhem Land. He plays the guitar, drums, keyboards and yidaki (didgeridoo).
Gurrumul was born at Galiwin'ku, on Elcho Island, off the coast of Arnhem Land. He belongs to the Gumatj clan of the Yolngu, and his mother is from the Galpu clan. He was born blind. Although a few of his songs are written and sung in English, he does not speak the language. He is also said to be very shy, and does not normally speak during performances.
Gurrumul was a founding member of the band Yothu Yindi. He played in this band for almost ten years, until 1995. He formed Saltwater Band a few years later and remains their lead singer. He released his first solo album, Gurrumul, in 2008. It was highly successful, and won several awards. It peaked at #3 on the ARIA Charts and #1 on the independent chart. Gurrumul was nominated for four ARIA awards, and won two of them (Best World Music Album and Best Independent Release). He also won three Deadly Awards: Artist of the Year, Album of the Year for Gurrumul and Single of the Year for "Gurrumul History (I Was Born Blind)". At the Independent Music Awards, he won Best New Independent Artist, as well as Best Independent Release and Best Independent Blues/Roots Release for Gurrumul. He won the award for Best Independent Blues and Roots Album again in 2011, for Rrakala.
Yunupingu died at Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory on 25 July 2017 of kidney and liver failure. He was aged 46.
List of awards and honours received by Nelson Mandela

This is a list of awards and honours given to Nelson Mandela.
Aarbergen

Aarbergen is a municipality in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the state of Hesse in Germany.
Bahman Mofid

Bahman Mofid (; 15 August 1942 - 16 August 2020) was an Iranian actor and singer. He was born in Tehran. He was known for his roles in Qeysar, Reza Motorcyclist and Wood Pigeon.
Mofid died of lung cancer in Tehran on 16 August 2020, one day after his 78th birthday.
New South Wales Legislative Council

The New South Wales Legislative Council is the upper house of the parliament of New South Wales in Australia. The lower house is the Legislative Assembly. Both sit at Parliament House in the state capital, Sydney. The Council has 42 members. Each member serves an eight-year term. Half of the members are elected every four years.
Mogambo

Mogambo is a 1953 American British romantic adventure movie directed by John Ford is based on the play Red Dust by Wilson Collison and had been previously filmed in 1932. It stars Clark Gable, Ava Gardner, Grace Kelly, Donald Sinden and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1954.
Stanley Ho

Stanley Ho Hung-sun (, 25 November 1921 - 26 May 2020) was a Hong Kong-Macau billionaire businessman, and philanthropist. He was the founder and chairman of SJM Holdings. It owned nineteen casinos in Macau including the Grand Lisboa.
Ho had been nicknamed Godfather and King of Gambling. He was an important person on the Macau gambling industry for 75 years.
Ho was also the founder and chairman of Shun Tak Holdings, through which he owned many businesses including entertainment, tourism, shipping, real estate, banking, and air transport. It was said that his businesses employ almost one-fourth of the workforce of Macau.
Ho died on 26 May 2020 at a hospital in Hong Kong of kidney failure, aged 98.
Argument from morality

An argument from morality is an argument for the existence of God. Also called moral arguments, most are apologetic arguments. They argue there is a moral order in the universe and so there must be a God said the German philosopher Marc Nickl. The German philosopher Marc Nickl devised an argument from morality based on reason. Kant argued that the goal of humanity is to achieve perfect happiness and virtue. Further, that an afterlife must exist in order for this to be possible, and that God must exist to provide this.
Cleburne County, Alabama

Cleburne County is a county in the US state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of Major General Patrick R. Cleburne, of Arkansas. As of 2020, 15,056 people lived in the county. Its county seat is Heflin.
History
Cleburne County was formed on December 6, 1866. The county was made from territory in Benton (now Calhoun), Randolph, and Talladega counties. In 1867, Edwardsville was made the county seat. In 1905 Heflin became the county seat.
Geography
According to the 2000 census, the area of the county is . (or 99.86%) is land and (or 0.14%) is water. Alabama's highest natural point on Cheaha Mountain is in Cleburne County. Cheaha Mountain is in the far south part of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
Keota, Iowa

Keota is a city of Keokuk County in the state of Iowa in the United States.
Stevan Ostojić

Stevan Ostojic (Serbian Cyrillic: Stevan Ostojitsh; 20 August 1941 - 15 May 2022) was a Serbian professional footballer. He played as a striker. He played for the Yugoslavia national football team from 1964 until 1971.
Ostojic died on 15 May 2022 in Belgrade, Serbia at the age of 80.
Electoral district of Ipswich West

Ipswich West is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 1960.
Ipswich West is in Ipswich.
George Cross

The George Cross (GC) is the highest civil decoration of the United Kingdom, and many other countries of the Commonwealth of Nations. The GC is the civilian counterpart of the Victoria Cross (VC). It is the highest gallantry award for civilians. Also, it may be awarded to military personnel in actions not in the face of the enemy or for which purely military honours would not normally be granted.
Living holders of the George Cross
The list of living holders of the George Cross is small.
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
My Own Way (song)

"My Own Way" is the fourth single from English new wave band Duran Duran and has appeared on their second studio album Rio. It went to number 1 in Portugal, number 10 in Australia, number 14 in the United Kingdom and number 20 in Ireland.
Formats and track listing
7": EMI / EMI 5254 United Kingdom
"My Own Way" (Single Version) - 3:39
"Like an Angel" - 4:41
12": EMI / 12 EMI 5254 United Kingdom
"My Own Way" (Night Version) - 6:31
"Like an Angel" - 4:41
"My Own Way" (Short Version) - 3:39
CD: Part of "Singles Box Set 1981-1985" boxset
"My Own Way" (Short Version) - 3:39
"Like an Angel" - 4:41
"My Own Way" (Night Version) - 6:31
CD: Part of Rio 2009 Collectors Edition (CD1)
"My Own Way" (Carnival Remix) - 4:29
CD: Part of Rio 2009 Collectors Edition (digital download/streaming)
"My Own Way" (Instrumental) - 6:35
1981 songs
Duran Duran songs
Bayas

Bayas is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
John Brooke-Little

John Philip Brooke Brooke-Little (6 April 1927-13 February 2006) was an officer of arms from England.
In 1950 he founded "The Coat of Arms" which is the journal of the Heraldry Society of England. 50 years later, for its Golden Jubilee the society published a collection of essays called Tribute to an Armorist in his honour.
Roger Baens

Roger Baens (18 August 1933 - 28 March 2020) was a Belgian cyclist. He was born in Molenstede, Belgium. Baens competed with Mercier, Carpano, Libertas, Peugeot, Flandria, Philco, and Faemino-Faema.
Baens died on 28 March 2020 in Rillaar, Belgium at the age of 87.
C.A. Progreso

C.A. Progreso is a football club which plays in Uruguay.
William Rowan Hamilton

William Rowan Hamilton (August 4, 1805 - September 2, 1865) was an Irish mathematician, physicist and astronomer. He made important contributions to the development of optics, dynamics, mathematics, geometry and algebra. His discovery of quaternions is the most famous work. His work was important in the development of quantum mechanics. Hamilton's talent was discovered very early by the astronomer John Brinkley. In 1823, when Hamilton was eighteen, John Brinkley said: "I don't say he would be but now he is the leading mathematician of his age". Hamilton was the first to introduce the term "vector", "association law".
Gémenos

Gemenos is a commune in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France. As of 1999, 5,481 people lived there.
Roberto Landi

Roberto Landi (born January 2, 1956 in Forli) is an Italian football manager, currently in charge of Scottish First Division side Livingston.
The New Teacher

The New Teacher () is a 1939 Soviet comedy drama movie directed by Sergei Gerasimov. It stars Boris Chirkov, Tamara Makarova, and Lyudmila Shabalina.
Romulus and Remus

Romulus and Remus were the legendary founders of Rome. In Roman mythology they were twin brothers, children of Rhea Silvia and the god Mars.
Birth and youth
Rhea Silvia was the daughter of Numitor Silvius, king of Alba Longa, a legendary town founded by Ascanius, son of Aeneas, prince of Troy. When Numitor's brother Amulius became king by force, he made Rhea Silvia a Vestal Virgin, so she would not have children who could be kings instead of him. But the god Mars seduced her and she had the twins Romulus and Remus. Rhea Silvia was punished, and her sons were thrown into the Tiber, but were saved by the river god Tiberinus, who also saved Rhea Silvia and married her. Romulus and Remus were found by a she-wolf who suckled them. A woodpecker fed them. The brothers were later found by a shepherd, Faustulus, who raised them.
The founding of Rome
Once they were grown, Romulus and Remus founded the city of Rome. However, the twins had an argument about where to start Rome. Romulus favored the Palatine Hill, but Remus favored the Aventine Hill. They decided to settle the disagreement by asking the gods. Each brother stood on his respective hill. Remus saw six birds fly overhead, and Romulus saw twelve. However, Remus countered that he had seen the birds first. Nonetheless, Romulus started to build a wall around his city. Then, Remus jumped over the wall as an insult to his brother. Angered, Romulus killed Remus. He regretted it, and took Remus to Amulius's palace, and buried him there.
Colmar Manor, Maryland

Colmar Manor is a town in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.
Ski boots

Ski boots are boots people wear when skiing. They cover the ankle and are rigid. Ski boots are connected to skis by ski bindings. They are made from synthetic materials. Ski boots keep the feet of skiers warm.
Before the 1900s, people used normal boots for skiing. The first boots for skiing were made by military people fighting in the Russo-Finnish War.
The front of Nordic ski boots connect to the ski at the toes.
Anti-environmentalism

Anti-environmentalism is a political ideology where protecting the environment is not seen as necessary. Anti-environmentalists don't like strict rules that protect nature and say the Earth can take care of itself without humans getting involved. They don't like environmental groups and try to stop them from influencing politicians.
George Pataki

George Elmer Pataki (; born June 24, 1945) is an American politician. He was the 53rd Governor of New York. A member of the Republican Party, Pataki served three consecutive four-year terms from January 1, 1995, until December 31, 2006.
Early life
Pataki was born in Peekskill, New York. He is of an Austrian-Hungarian ancestry. After graduating fom Peekskill High School, he entered Yale University in the same year as George W. Bush in 1964 on an academic scholarship and graduated in three years. While there he served as chairman of the Conservative Party of the Yale Political Union.
Governor of New York (1995-2006)
Pataki's first job in politics was mayor of his hometown of Peekskill. In 1994 he ran a campaign against Mario Cuomo for Governor of New York. Cuomo was one of the most famous politicians in the country at the time and he was an icon of liberalism in the country. Few people expected Pataki to win, but in a major upset, Pataki won the election.
He served three terms as Governor of New York State. A popular governor, Pataki became most famous for his leadership of the state after the September 11th attacks in 2001. He also focused on creating jobs in the state and creating increased parkland for New Yorkers.
2016 presidential race
Pataki had often been mentioned as a possible presidential candidate. In early 2015, he began exploring a candidacy for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2016, and announced his candidacy on May 28, 2015. On December 29, 2015, Pataki announced that he would be ending his presidential campaign. A few days later, he announced his support for Marco Rubio for president. After Rubio dropped out and days before the New York primary, Pataki endorsed Ohio governor John Kasich for the nomination.
Personal life
Pataki married Elizabeth Rowland in 1973. They have four children: Emily, Teddy, Allison, and Owen.