kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Eric Cartman

Eric Theodore Cartman is a fictional character in the animated television series South Park. He is voiced by co-creator Trey Parker.
Appearance
Eric is an overweight child, who wears a red winter jacket, yellow gloves, brown pants, and sports a light blue/cyan woolly hat with yellow rims and a yellow poof ball on top of it.
Overview
Cartman is one of four main characters in the series. He is often the main reason for their adventures because of his over-enthusiasm and selfishness.
Hates
Cartman often reacts violently to things that he hates. He hates any race or group of which he is not a member, particularly the Jews. He also has sociopathic tendencies. This comes from his rivalry with Kyle Broflovski.
In an older pilot episode for South Park, Cartman is killed, causing Stan and Kyle to utter the iconic phrase: "Oh My God, They Killed Kenny; You Bastards!", although, since it was "Cartman" who was killed, this makes us believe that originally, Cartman was Kenny (vice versa).
Evil Activities
Eric idolizes Adolf Hitler, Henry Ford, and Mel Gibson. He is also a fan of T.S. Elliot. He often tricks others, at which he is good at, to meet his own ends, no matter the consequences to other people, even if it can result in deaths. Cartman has gone to prison.
In the earlier seasons, Cartman was often seen taking advantage of or tricking Butters Stotch into doing something, at the expense of Cartman's enjoyment. These include, forcing Butters to stay in a bunker so Eric can take his place in going to an event and plastering a fake pair of testicles on his chin so he can go on television.
Family
Cartman lives with his mother. He previously had a pet pig and cat, but they both stopped appearing in episodes. In the original pilot episode, Cartman and his mother are seen eating dinner with a man and little girl, presumably his father and younger sister. Whilst episodes have been dedicated about the identity of Eric's father, nothing has ever been said of the mysterious sister. It is eventually revealed that his father is that of Mr. Tennerman, son of Scott Tennerman, Eric's one-time rival. What makes this worse is that, in one episode, he grinds Scotts' parents into chilli and feeds it to him. With this information, that means that in reality, Eric grinded up his own Father.
In an earlier season, Cartman, Linda, Kyle, Kenny, and Stan travel to the state of Nebraska to meet Eric's relative. Many of the younger male relatives have a striking resemblance to him, such as his youngest cousin, who was always carrying a melting chocolate ice pop and had chocolate smeered on his mouth. We never and hear of these Nebraskan relatives after the episode.
Cartman was briefly in a relationship with school student, Heidi Turner.
Flond

Flond is a former municipality of the district Surselva in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Flond and Surcuolm merged into the new municipality of Mundaun.
National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The "National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran" (; ) is the national anthem of Iran. It preceded the anthem during Khomeini times called "Payandeh Bada Iran".
Großweil

Grossweil is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.
India Gate

The India Gate (formerly known as the All India War Memorial) is a war memorial located astride the Rajpath, on the eastern edge of the "ceremonial axis" of New Delhi, India, formerly called Kingsway.
Following the so-called Bangladesh Liberation War in 1972, a structure consisting of a black marble plinth with a reversed rifle, capped by a war helmet and bounded by four eternal flames, was built beneath the archway.
Microtia

Microtia meaning 'small ear' is a deformation of the outer ear. Over 90% of the time, only one ear is affected, but both ears can be affected. More boys are affected than girls. The right ear is more affected than the left. One in 1000 people have microtia. It can affect hearing. There are four grades of microtia:
Grade I: A slightly small ear with identifiable structures and a small but present external ear canal
Grade II: A partial or hemi-ear with a closed off ("stenotic") external ear canal producing a conductive hearing loss
Grade III: Absence of the external ear with a small peanut vestige structure and an absence of the external ear canal and ear drum
Grade IV: Absence of the total ear {"anotia")
Grade III is most common, and can be corrected by surgery.
Kamyaran

Kamyaran (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak in Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. There is also a Shia minority and a few Jewish families in Kamyaran.
At the 2006 census, there were 46,760 people, in 11,186 families.
Séguret

Seguret is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Resident Evil (2002 video game)

Resident Evil, known in Japan as , is a survival horror video game developed and published by Capcom and a remake of the 1996 game of the same name. It has improved graphics, dialogue and gameplay. It was first released as a Nintendo GameCube exclusive game alongside the original game's prequel, Resident Evil Zero.
Gameplay
The game can let players play as either Jill Valentine or Chris Redfield of S.T.A.R.S.
Raceland, Louisiana

Raceland is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, United States.
ByteDance

ByteDance Ltd. () is an Chinese Internet technology company headquartered in Beijing which owns Toutiao and TikTok. It was founded by Zhang Yiming in 2012 and the shared ownership given to its employees.
Courland Governorate

Courland Governorate was one of provinces or governorates of the Russian Empire. It was formed in 1795 during the Third Partition out of territory of Duchy of Courland and Semigallia.
North of the governorate were the Gulf of Riga, the Baltic Sea and the Governorate of Livonia. West of it was the Baltic Sea. South of it were the Vilna Governorate and Prussia. East of it were the Vitbesk Governorate and the Minsk Governorate.
The governorate ended in 1915 when the German Empire conquered it. Russia surrendered the governorate during the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918.
Cockpit (sailing)

A cockpit is a name for the location of the controls of a vessel. It is usually an open well in the deck of a boat outside the cabin. In modern boats a cockpit may refer to an enclosed area. Smaller boats typically have an aft cockpit, towards the stern of the boat. Larger vessels may provide a center cockpit with greater protection from the weather. On a recreational sailboat, the cockpit is often the safest place for the crew.
History
In the Royal Navy, the term "cockpit" originally meant the place where the coxswain was stationed. This led to the word being used for the area near the stern of a small boat that houses the rudder controls. The midshipmen and master's mates were later assigned to sleep in the cockpit. It was also the place where the ship's surgeon and his mates were stationed during battle.
Neuville-sur-Margival

Neuville-sur-Margival is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Susana Giménez

Maria Susana Gimenez Aubert (born January 29, 1944 in Buenos Aires, Argentina), is an Argentine talk show host, actress, model and businesswoman. She is considered the biggest celebrity in Argentine television.
Gungnir

Gungnir is the mighty spear of the major Norse mythology god, Odin, which was fashioned for him by the dwarves known as the Sons of Ivaldi and is said to never miss its target.
French Constitution of 1791

The French Constitution of 1791 was the second written Constitution of France. The new French Government started using it after the French Revolution. It had the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen for its introduction.
This Constitution said that France was going to have a constitutional monarchy. The biggest disagreement was over how much power the King of France should have in such a system. After very long negotiations, the first Constitution was brought in September of 1791.
It created a constitutional monarchy. But the king ran away anyways, because he was scared of the Jacobins, who didn't like kings.
The idea of Separation of powers was the basis for the Constitution: The National Convention was the legislative body, the King and the Ministers made up the executive branch, and the judicial branch was independent from the other two. However, the French Revolution still continued after this document was signed.
The constitution tried to create a liberal bourgeois constitutional monarchy, but this did not work out. On 10 August 1792 the monarchy of France ended.
Nikah mut'ah

In some forms of the religion Islam, Nikah mut'ah is a form of marriage. It is also called Sigheh. Unlike Nikah, which is the other form of marriage in Islamic law, a Nikah mut'ah marriage does not last for the two people's whole lives. It lasts only limited time. Nikah mutah is about sexual pleasure. The Twelver Shia Muslims say that Nikah mut'ah is legal, but most other Muslims disagree.
Conditions
Some things must be true for a Nikah mut'ah:
The bride must not be married to anyone else at the time
If she has never been married, her legal guardian must agree
She must be a Muslim, or among the People of the Book (which means Christians, Jews, and Muslims, mostly)
After the contract ends, she must not have sex with anyone for some time. This is usually three months. This is so people will know that the father of any children she has if she becomes pregnant was her husband.
Nikah mut'ah is different from the other form of marriage in other ways too:
The husband is not required to provide alimony or shelter for his wife
There's no way to settle an inheritance in favor of the partner if one of the two dies
Nikah mut'ah does not have to be publicly announced. Islam says that Muslim men may have only four and no more, but this only applies to Nikah-marriages.
According to Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, the Nikah mut'ah is the only way a Muslim can marry a person of the Book who is not Muslim. He says Nikah is not possible with non-Muslims. Other Ayatollahs say that Muslims can marry non-Muslim people of the book.
Criticism
Nikah mut'ah has been used to cover child prostitution. Some Western writers have argued that mut'ah is similar to prostitution. Julie Parshall writes that mut'ah is legalised prostitution allowed by the Twelver Shia authorities. She quotes the Oxford encyclopedia of modern Islamic world to make a difference between marriage (nikah) and mut'ah. She also says that while nikah is for having children, mut'ah is just for sexual gratification.
David V. Picker

David Victor Picker (May 14, 1931 - April 20, 2019) was an American movie executive and producer. He worked in the movie industry for over 40 years. He served as president and chief executive officer (CEO) of the production companies/movie studios United Artists, Paramount, Lorimar and Columbia Pictures. He produced many movies, including The Jerk (1979). He was also a member of the Producers Guild of America. His memoir, Musts, Maybes and Nevers, was published in 2013.
Picker was born in New York City. He was from a Jewish family. His sister, Jean Picker Firstenberg, served as CEO and director of the American Film Institute. He was married to photographer Sandra Jetton.
Picked died of colon cancer in New York City on April 20, 2019. He was 87.
Nida, Lithuania

Nida is a seaside resort on the Curonian Spit on the southern outskirts of the city of Neringa. It gets about 200-300 thousand visitors every summer. There is a harbor, a marina, and a yacht club. Three km to the north-east is an airport .
The Dirty Energy Dilemma

The Dirty Energy Dilemma is a 2008 book by academic Benjamin K. Sovacool. In the book Sovacool discusses some of the "big energy challenges" facing the United States, and suggests that the fix for these problems is 'clean energy' in the form of energy efficiency and renewable energy. Sovacool sees no role for nuclear power in a clean energy transition.
The Dirty Energy Dilemma won a 2009 Nautilus Award.
Glial cell

Glial cells are support cells for the nervous system. In Greek, Glia means "glue". Glia are said to be the glue of the nervous system. Glia occur in both grey matter and white matter.
Glia are thought to have four main functions:
To surround neurons and hold them in place,
To supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons,
To insulate one neuron from another,
To destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons.
Glia may have more functions than just these four.
Types of Macroglia
Role in degenerative brain diseases
A type of glial cell are thought to play a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or motor neurone disease), Alzheimer's disease (a type of dementia) and Parkinson's disease.
The microglia are the macrophages of the nervous system. In these neurodegenerative disorders, it is thought that the microglia digest healthy brain cells, causing the degeneration of brain function. This is especially true for Parkinson's disease, where the Glia break down dopaminergic cells, causing the symptoms associated with Parkinson's.
Majuli

Majuli or Majoli (, is an island in the Brahmaputra River, Assam, India.
The island had a total area of at the beginning of the 20th century. Much land was eroded, so it had an area of only in 2014. Majuli has shrunk as the river surrounding it has grown. However, it is recognised by Guinness Book of World Records as the World's Largest River Island.
The Color of Milk

The Color of Milk (also called The Colour of Milk, Neither Naked nor Dressed, or Selma and Andy), original title Ikke naken, is a 2004 Norwegian family movie.
ISO 3166-2:HU

ISO 3166-2:HU is the entry for Hungary in ISO 3166-2, it is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which makes codes for the names of the subdivisions (like provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
Espoey

Espoey is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
10th Army (German Empire)

The 10th Army () was an army level command of the German Empire in World War I.
History
The 10th Army was formed 1 January 1915. The army was stationed on the Eastern Front where it fought against the Russian Empire. It was dissolved in January 1919.
Technosexuality

Technosexuality is a word used to mean two things:
Having a strong love of gadgets. This is a joining of the two words "technophile" and "metrosexuality". It was first used by Ricky Montalvo to describe someone who was in love with himself and his urban lifestyle, as well as gadgets such as mobile phones, PDAs, computers, software, and the web."
A different word for robosexuality. This meaning of technosexuality is a join of "technophile" and "sexual".
Sometimes "technosexual" is used as an insult, implying that someone would prefer a sex toy to an actual sexual partner.
The Calvin Klein company trademarked the term technosexual in 2005.
Luis Guillermo Solís

Luis Guillermo Solis Rivera (born 25 April 1958) is a Costa Rican politician. He was the President of Costa Rica from 2014 to 2018.
Issaquena County, Mississippi

Issaquena County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 1,406 people lived there. Its county seat is Mayersville.
Promised You a Miracle

"Promised You a Miracle" is a 1982 song by Scottish band Simple Minds. It is the leading single from their fifth studio album New Gold Dream (81-82-83-84) and went to number 13 in the United Kingdom, number 65 in the United States, number 25 in the Netherlands and Ireland, number 9 in New Zealand, number 17 in Sweden and number 10 in Australia.
Track listing
7" single
Virgin VS 448
"Promised You a Miracle" - 3:59
"Theme for Great Cities" - 5:50
12" single
Virgin VS 488-12
"Promised You a Miracle" (Extended) - 4:49
"Themes for Great Cities" - 5:50
"Seeing Out the Angel" (Instrumental) - 6:32
Emmanuel Petit

Emmanuel Petit (born 22 September 1970) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.
Banfora

Banfora is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the fourth largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 72,144 people lived in the city; 36,392 were male and 35,752 were female.
Premier League Golden Boot

The Premier League Golden Boot is a yearly football award that is given to footballers who score the most goals in a Premier league season. The winners are also given PS1000 for each goal they have scored in the season.
The first person to win the Premier League Golden Boot was Teddy Sheringham during the 1992-93 season. Arsenal F.C.'s Thierry Henry has won the award 4 times and currently holds the record for the most Golden Boots wins in the history of Premier League. Only two players have won the award for 3 consecutive (back-to-back) years, namely Thierry Henry and Alan Shearer. Most recently (2020-21), the award was won by Harry Kane; who won it for the third time.
The first international players to win the Premier League Golden Boot were Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and Dwight Yorke during the 1998-99 season.
List of Winners
Awards won by nationality
Awards won by club
Sponsorships
The award was sponsored by Carling for the time between 1994 and 2001. In 2001, Barclaycard took over the sponsorship rights and continued to own them until 2005 after which, Barclays bought the sponsorship rights of both the award and Premier league. Currently, the award is being sponsored by Cadbury.
German Americans

German Americans is a ethnic group of American citizens of German ancestry. According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2013 there were 46 million Americans who claimed some German ancestry. In parts of the Northern United States they outnumber any other ethnic groups. In Wisconsin, for example, 41% of the population is German-American. They are the largest ethnic group in the United States.
Har Gobind Khorana

Har Gobind Khorana (Sindhi: hr gwbnd khrnh) (also known as Hargobind Khorana; 9 January 1922 - 9 November 2011) was a biochemist. He shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley.
He is part of a poor family in India. He worked in Madison, Columbia, and Boston.
Their work was on the order of nucleotides in nucleic acids. Each triplet of nucleotides codes for a particular amino acid. Therefore the nucleic acid sequence controls how proteins are built. Khorana was the first to build a synthetic gene, in 1970. This helped a lot, with decoding the genetic code, which is based on amino acids.
Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee

"Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee" is the national anthem of Antigua and Barbuda. Novelle Hamilton Richards wrote the words. Walter Garnet Picart Chambers wrote the music. The country started using in on independence in 1981. God Save the Queen is still the Royal anthem.
Lyrics
Fair Antigua and Barbuda
We, your sons and daughters stand
Strong and firm in peace or danger
To safeguard our Motherland
We commit ourselves to building
A true nation brave and free;
Ever striving, ever seeking,
Dwell in love and unity.
Raise the standard! Raise it boldly!
Answer now to duty's call
To the service of thy country,
Sparing nothing, giving all;
Gird your loins and join the battle
Against fear, hate, poverty,
Each endeavouring, all achieving,
Live in peace where man is free.
God of nations, let our blessings
Fall upon this land of ours;
Rain and sunshine ever sending,
Fill her fields with crops and flowers;
We her children do implore them,
Give us strength, faith, loyalty,
Never failing, all enduring,
To defend her liberty.
Maria Prymachenko

Maria Prymachenko (d. 1997) was a Ukrainian folk art painter, who worked in the naive art style. She was a self-taught artist. She worked in painting, embroidery and ceramics.
She is now famous.
Early life: Prymachenko was born to a peasant family and spent her whole life in the village of Bolotnya in the Ivankiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast; That place is from Chernobyl.
She died on 18 August 1997. She was 88-years old.
Tammy Mahon

Tammy Louise Mahon (born 4 November 1980) is a Canadian volleyball player. She is part of the Canadian women's national volleyball team. She competed at the 2003 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2004 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, 2005 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, 2006 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, 2007 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, 2007 Women's NORCECA Volleyball Championship, 2008 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, 2009 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, 2010 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, 2011 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, and 2011 Pan American Games.
She played for the University of Manitoba's women's volleyball team and Panathinaikos.
Gerard Murphy (Irish actor)

Gerard Murphy (14 October 1955 - 26 August 2013) was an Irish movie, television and theatre actor. Due to his imposing stature, he often portrayed villains.
Murphy was born on 14 October 1955 in Newry, County Down, Northern Ireland. Murphy died at the age of 57 on 26 August 2013 from prostate cancer in England, which he had for over two years.
Frederick Hemke

Fred Hemke, DMA (ne Frederick Leroy Hemke, Jr.; July 11, 1935 - April 17, 2019) was an American classical saxophonist and educator. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was among the leading American composers and helped raise the recognition of classical saxophone. For a half century, from 1962 to 2012, Hemke was a full-time faculty music educator at Northwestern University's Bienen School of Music. Hemke retired from Northwestern University in 2012.
Hemke died on April 17, 2019 in Evanston, Illinois at the age of 83.
Shehu Ladan

Alhaji Shehu Ladan (21/09/1952 - 04/10/2011) was a Nigerian lawyer and was the Group Managing Director of NNPC.
Early life and education
Ladan had his early education at N.A Primary School Tudun Wada, Zaria before proceeding to Sheikh Sabah College (now Sardauna Memorial College) in Kaduna where he obtained his WASC.
He earned his bachelor (LLB) and masters (LLM) Law degrees at Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria. He is also attended professional courses at Harvard Business School, Oxford University and University of Dundee.
Career
Ladan served his National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) primary assignment in the State Ministry of Justice, Kano. He began his career as Staff Solicitor of the Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria. He later rose to Company Secretary/Legal Adviser Kaduna State Rural Electrification Board (REB) and Assistant Director Federal Legal Aid Council of Nigeria, Jos.
Ladan was appointed as Commissioner of Education in Kaduna state. He was also appointed as Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice in Kaduna state. During his tenure as education commissioner, he founded and established the Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic Zaria (formerly Kaduna State Polytechnic).
Hampton Court Palace

Hampton Court Palace is a royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, Greater London. The British royal family have not lived there since the 18th century. The palace is south west of Charing Cross and upstream of Central London on the River Thames.
The palace was bought by the English monarchy in 1528. This was when Thomas Wolsey gave it to Henry VIII. It stayed a royal palace for the next 220 years. In its lifetime, it saw twelve monarchs on the throne, until George III stopped living in it after the death of his wife. There was a fire at Hampton Court in 1986. It is currently owned by Historic Royal Palaces, which also owns places like the Tower of London. It is open to the public. It has many gardens, and also has a maze.
Liston

Liston is a village and civil parish in Braintree district, Essex, England. In 2001, there were 46 people living in Liston.
Amita Suman

Amita Suman is a Nepal-born British actress. She is well known as Inej Ghafa in the Netflix series Shadow and Bone.
Sten Mk II

The Sten Mk II was the main submachine gun of the British military in World War II.
Early in the war, the US lent many weapons to the British to fight German forces, including the Thompson submachine gun. However, since the Thompson was expensive to make in large numbers, the British made a submachine gun of their own, that would be cheap and quick to make. This was the Sten Mk II.
The weapon was only made of 47 parts, making it relatively fast to put together and take apart and therefore easy to ship and hide. This feature made it popular among resistance fighters, including the Free French.
It was also the first SMG to have a silencer made for it, making it useful for stealth and surprise. However, due to its low quality, it was not a very reliable weapon as it tended to jam very frequently and fire entire magazines without pulling the trigger.
It is stated that British soldiers who captured German MP-40 would often abandon the Sten and fight using the MP-40 instead. The switch was not difficult since both weapons fired the same type of bullet, the 9x19mm Parabellum, with the same type of magazines (which meant that they could use the enemy's ammunition to load their Stens or vice versa).
Smart Guy

Smart Guy is a 1997 The WB television series that ran from April 2, 1997 to May 16, 1999. The show is about a boy genius named TJ who lives in Washington D.C. is transferred from elementary school and gets transferred to Piedmont High School and attempts to fit in in high school.
Waterhole

A waterhole or water hole is a depression in the ground in which water can collect.
Joop Dikmans

Johannes Petrus Maria "Joop" Dikmans (31 January 1930 - 15 December 2022) was a Dutch actor.
Dikmans was from the 1940s until the late 1980s a clown under the name Handy Fool, at Dutch and Belgian circusses, including at Circus Renz. He was also a comedian in theaters.
Dikmans was most known in the television series Bassie & Adriaan where was the deaf crook "B2". He played in the following Bassie en Adriaan series: Het Geheim van de Schatkaart (1987), De Verdwenen Kroon (1988) and De Verzonken Stad (1989). He is seen by people as an television icon during their childhood.
Dikmans had dementie. He died in Heerhugowaard on 15 December 2022, at the age of 92.
Decaturville, Tennessee

Decaturville is a town in and the county seat of Decatur County, Tennessee, United States. 867 people lived here at the 2010 census.
Xis

Xis is a Brazilian rapper. He was born in Sao Paulo, Brazil on November 24, 1972.
Recent events
He participated in the second edition of Casa dos Artistas in 2002 in SBT. However, at 21 days of confinement, left home due to new program participants. In the same year, he won his second trophy "Best Video Rap" in VMB.
Vineyard, Utah

Vineyard is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States.
James Murdoch

James Rupert Jacob Murdoch (born 13 December 1972) is a British-American businessman.
Early life
Murdoch was born in the United Kingdom. He is the younger son of Rupert Murdoch.
At age 13, young James' citizenship changed. In 1985, his father gave up his Australian citizenship to become a citizen of the United States.
Career
He has worked in his family's international businesses.
Greek War of Independence

The Greek War of Independence (1821-1829), also commonly known as the Greek Revolution, was a successful war by the Greeks who won independence for Greece from the Ottoman Empire. Muhammad Ali Pasha sent his son Ismail with an army and a fleet to help fight the Greeks and the Greek Christian revolutionaries asked for help from European Christians. A fleet of the United Kingdom, France and Russia destroyed the Ottoman-Egypt fleet in the Battle of Navarino. After a long and bloody struggle, independence was finally achieved, and confirmed by the Treaty of Constantinople in July 1832. The Greeks were thus the first of the Ottoman Empire's subject peoples to be accepted as an independent sovereign power.
North–South Corridor, Singapore

The North-South Corridor (NSC), at first known as the North-South Expressway, will be the 11th expressway of Singapore. It will serve extra traffic along the north-south corridor that is currently being served by the Central Expressway (CTE). It was announced on 30 January 2008. It was announced during a major review of Singapore's transport network by the Land Transport Authority (LTA). The expressway would cost about S$7-8 billion when to build. It is planned to be finished being built in 2026. It will connect the East Coast Parkway (ECP) with the northern parts of Singapore.
The NSC will have 16 entrances and 17 exits to connect towns along the north-south corridor. They are Woodlands, Sembawang, Yishun, Ang Mo Kio, Bishan and Toa Payoh. It will connect them with the city centre. The NSC will also connect with already-built expressways, like the Seletar Expressway (SLE), Pan-Island Expressway (PIE) and East Coast Parkway (ECP).
According to the Land Transport Authority, the bus lanes along the NSC will reduce bus travelling times from Woodlands, Sembawang, Yishun and Ang Mo Kio to the city by up to 30 minutes. It is done through morning and evening peak express bus services. It can speed up bus routes between towns along the NSC faster by allowing buses to use the ramps and bus lanes in it. A cycling path along the entire length of the highway will link up Park Connector Networks and cycling path networks within HDB towns along the entire road to the city centre.
At first, it was supposed to be built by 2023. Because of construction delays, it now can only be built by 2026.
History
On 19 January 2011, the government allowed the expressway to be built. It was to be built between the roads Admiralty Road West and Toa Payoh Rise. On 15 November 2011, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) revealed the whole route of the North-South Corridor.
It was first planned to be an expressway for vehicles to be built by 2020. However, the corridor will now be built as Singapore's first "integrated transport corridor". It will have bus routes and cycling path along the entire expressway. Its construction was supposed to start in 2017, and it was supposed to be finally built by 2023. However, the first contract was only given in November 2017, with construction work starting in early 2018.
Now, it is planned to be finished by 2026.
Route
The NSC will stat at Admiralty Road West in the North of Singapore. It would go south and pass by Woodlands and Sembawang. It would have a junction with the Seletar Expressway. It would then go through Toa Payoh. It would run parallel with the Central Expressway, and then join the East Coast Parkway in the city.
The LTA tried to use as much state land as possible. This makes sure that as few private properties are take as possible. Even though the expressway is underground in its Southern part, some land had to be taken. This is because there are MRT tunnels blocking its way. The Rochor Centre had to be demolished because of this. Some underpasses at Novena Square had to be demolished. The Ellison Building may also have to be demolished.
Penin

Penin is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Paul Morgan (rugby)

Paul Morgan (3 October 1974 - 12 January 2015) was a Welsh professional rugby union and rugby league footballer, rugby union coach, and cricketer. He was born in Pencoed. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Pencoed RFC (twice), London Welsh RFC (while at Brunel University), Whitland RFC, Aberavon RFC (twice), Llanharan RFC, Bridgend Ravens, Maesteg RFC, as a Centre, i.e. number 12 or 13.
He played at a representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales (Heritage #432), and at club level for Aberavon Fighting Irish, Bridgend Blue Bulls (twice), Celtic Crusaders, as a , or , i.e. number 2 or 5, or, 3 or 4, playing cricket for Pencoed Cricket Club (captain), and coaching club level rugby union (RU) for Neath Athletic RFC, and Aberavon Quins RFC.
First Lady

First Lady is an unofficial title used for the wife of a non-monarchical head of state or chief executive.
Some countries have a title, official or unofficial, that is or can be translated as first lady. The title is not normally used for the wife of a head of government who is not also head of state.
First Gentleman is used where the head of state's spouse has been a man, such as the Philippines or Malta. While there has never been a male spouse of a U.S. President, "First Gentleman" is used in the United States for the husband of a governor.
First Spouse, a rare version of the title, can be used in either case where the spouse of a head of state is male or female. This term is used to promote gender equality and gender neutrality.
Jorma Kaukonen

Jorma Ludwik Kaukonen, Jr. (born December 23, 1940) is an American blues, folk and rock guitarist. He is best known for his work with Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him #54 on its list of 100 Greatest Guitarists.
Kaukonen was born in Washington, D.C.. He moved to San Francisco, California in the 1960s and studied at Santa Clara University.
Phulala Sugandh Maticha

Phulala Sugandh Matichaa () is an Indian Marathi language television series which aired on Star Pravah.
Biomolecule

A biomolecule is any molecule produced by a living organism. That includes large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as many smaller molecules.
Biomolecules are used in biological processes such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development.
Just four elements--oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen--make up 96% of the human body's mass. But many other elements, such as the various biometals, are also present in small (but vital) amounts.
Biometals are at the heart of many biomolecules. One or two molecules of copper, zinc, iron or manganese are in the most important biological molecules. They act as cofactors, electron donors, at the heart of key biological molecules.
Jimmy Page

James Patrick Page OBE (born 9 January 1944 in Heston, Middlesex, England) is an English guitarist, songwriter and producer. He began his career as a studio session guitarist in London. From 1966 to 1968 he was a member of The Yardbirds. After that band ended Page went on to form the band Led Zeppelin.
Allmusic describes Page as "one of the most influential and important guitarists in rock history". In 2003, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked Page #9 in its list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".
From the early 1970s to the early 1990s, Page owned the Boleskine House. Earlier, the house had belonged to occultist Aleister Crowley. Page was interested in the magic that Crowley used.
Along with Tony Iommi of Black Sabbath, Page is often considered one of the greatest riff writers of all time.
Jimmy Page has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. The first time was in 1992 as a member of The Yardbirds. He was inducted again in 1995 as a member of Led Zeppelin.
The River Wild

The River Wild is a 1994 American adventure movie directed by Curtis Hanson and starring Meryl Streep, John C. Reilly, Kevin Bacon, David Strathairn, Joseph Mazzello, Benjamin Bratt. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.
List of Turkic dynasties and countries

This is a list of Turkic nations.
Lichtenfels, Bavaria

Lichtenfels is a town in the Upper Franconian region of Bavaria, Germany, the administrative seat of Lichtenfels district. It is mainly known as the German "Basket City".
Geography
It is on the upper path of the river Main, about southeast of Coburg, and northeast of Bamberg. The hilly landscape is called Gottesgarten am Obermain ("God's garden on the upper Main"), referring to the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and Banz Abbey. The Maintal (valley of the Main) goes from East to West. The most important cities of the district are Burgkunstadt, Bad Staffelstein and the district city of Lichtenfels. The Rodach river, a tributary of the Main, runs through the area and reaches its greatest width in the northern part between Hochstadt am Main and Lichtenfels.
The district of Lichtenfels is in the western part of the government region (Regierungsbezirk) of Oberfranken (Upper Franconia). It is surrounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Coburg, Kronach, Kulmbach, Bayreuth and Bamberg.
The southern edge of the Main stretches up to the mountain range of the Franconian Jura (Frankische Alb) below the Staffelberg close to Bad Staffelstein. The northern edge of the Main stretches up to the Itz-Baunach Highlands.
Administrative division
The town is divided into several districts:
Buch am Forst, Degendorf, Eichig, Gnellenroth, Hammer, Isling, Klosterlangheim, Kosten, Kottel, Krappenroth, Lahm, Mistelfeld, Monchkrottendorf, Oberlangheim, Oberwallenstadt, Reundorf, Roth, Rothmannsthal, Schney, Schonsreuth, Seehof, Seubelsdorf, Stetten, Stocken, Tiefenroth, Trieb, Unterwallenstadt und Weingarten.
Trial of Conrad Murray

The trial of Conrad Murray (People of the State of California v. Conrad Robert Murray) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray. Murray was charged with the involuntary manslaughter of the pop star for giving him an overdose of propofol. The trial started on September 27, 2011 at Los Angeles County Superior Court. In November 2011, the jury found Murray guilty. Murray was sentenced to four years in jail. In October 2013 Murray was released two years early. This was of California prison overcrowding, plus good behavior. After Murray was released from jail he was on 60 Minutes. He said that Jackson killed himself.
Bessay

Bessay is a commune. It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Sabine Lisicki

Sabine Lisicki (; born 22 September 1989 in Troisdorf) is a German professional tennis player. Lisicki won her first WTA title match in more than three seasons in Hong Kong in September 2014. She reached her high rank of world no. 12 on 21 May 2012 in singles.
Cornice

In architecture, a cornice (from the Italian word "ledge") is any decoration mould that has a building or furniture.
McBain, Michigan

McBain is a city in Missaukee County, Michigan, United States.
Tœufles

Toeufles is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Versus (EP)

Versus EP is the first extended play by American singer Usher. It was released on August 24, 2010 on LaFace Records and Jive Records. It was produced by Polow da Don, Jim Jonsin, Rico Love, Drumma Boy, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Tha Cornaboyz and Max Martin. Versus was the "last chapter of Raymond v. Raymond". The songs talked about Usher being a single father.
The EP debuted at number four on the Billboard 200. It sold 46,000 copies the first week. It became Usher's sixth top-ten album in the United States. The album released two singles. These include "Hot Tottie" and "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love". Versus reached the top-20 in Canada, top-30 in France, top-40 in Germany, Belgium, and on the Dutch Albums Chart. Many music critics did not like that album was a "pop" album. However, it was given most positive reviews.
Track listing
Personnel
Credits for Versus from Allmusic.
Ivan the Terrible

Ivan IV Vasilyevich (25 August 1530 - 28 March 1584), more often known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the first Tsar (Emperor) of Russia. He was the Grand Prince of Moscow before that. He was called Ivan the Terrible because in those days the word terrible meant "formidable" or "fearsome", not "really bad". This is comes from his Russian nickname Ivan Grozny, which also means "Ivan the Formidable".
Life
Ivan became the Grand Prince of Moscow when he was just three years old. When he was young, a group of Russian nobles ran the country in his place. In those days, Russia was divided into many kingdoms like Moscow. At the age of 16, Ivan and his government changed his title to Tsar of all Russia. Over the next few years, Ivan took full control of the government and conquered lands to the east of the Tatars. He began turning Russia from a divided group of kingdoms into an empire with one powerful ruler, at the cost of many lives.
Wars
In 1558-63, Russia fought countries to the west in the Livonian War. They lost lands around the Baltic Sea to the west, but the war gave Ivan more control over his own country. Ivan was harsh towards the Russian nobles (known as the boyars). He executed many and took lands from others in order to make himself more powerful. This was known as the oprichnina, and it was done by his private army called the Oprichniks. In 1570 Ivan and the Oprichniks also killed many people in Novgorod, a city he thought was not being loyal to him. Later in his reign, Russia had battles with the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) and Tatars and conquered more lands to the east, including Siberia. Ivan also increased trade with England and set up Russia's first printing press.
Ivan was known to get very angry at times. His behaviour seems to have varied a lot, as he could at times be intelligent and quiet. His mental health became worse in the second half of his reign, especially after the death of his first wife Anastasia in 1560. It is believed that during one of his rages he caused the death of his son and heir Ivan as well as the same son's unborn son. His other son Feodor would be the next Tsar. Feodor was a weak ruler, and this led to a war called the Time of Troubles.
Ottawa

Ottawa is the capital of Canada and is part of the province of Ontario. It is south of the Ottawa River. In 2004, there were about 808,391 people in the city. The region has about 1,146,790 people. The mayor of the city today (since December 2010) is Jim Watson. Ottawa is in the Ottawa Valley on the border with the province of Quebec which is divided by the Ottawa River. Ottawa is the fourth largest city in Canada and the second largest city in Ontario (after Toronto). Ottawa is the only officially bilingual city in Canada, where the English language and the French language are official languages and have equal status. Every official sign in the city is, as a result bilingual. The reason for this bilingual status, is not only because Ottawa borders the French-speaking province of Quebec, the city itself has a large French-speaking minority.
When people talk about Ottawa, they are sometimes using the name as an eponym meaning the highest government in Canada, and not its local government or the city.
The cities of Ottawa, Kanata, Nepean, Gloucester and Vanier and the villages of Manotick and Rockcliffe Park joined in the year 2000 to form the new city of Ottawa. Ottawa also includes Orleans, which joined at that same time.
The city began with the name Bytown and became the city of Ottawa in 1855. The Rideau Canal ends in Ottawa.
Ottawa has many museums, many buildings for the government of Canada and many parks. There is a market area downtown.
There are many festivals during the year including Winterlude in February, The Tulip Festival in May, and BluesFest in the summer. There is also a large celebration on July 1st for Canada Day.
The Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL) play ice hockey in an arena called Canadian Tire Centre. The Ottawa Redblacks of the Canadian Football League (CFL) also play in the city.
Media
CFRA 580
CKKL Kool 93.9
Climate
Ottawa has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification: Dfa).
Rain and snow
The average yearly precipitation in Ottawa is 943 millimetres.
Sam Aston

Samuel David Aston (born 7 June 1993) is an English actor, known for playing the role of Chesney Brown on the ITV soap opera Coronation Street. Aston made his television debut at the age of five, as an extra in Eddie Mountain.
Aston was awarded Best Newcomer at the National Television Awards in 2004. He also won Best Dramatic Performance for a Young Actor or Actress at the British Soap Awards.
Livingston

Livingston is a town in the Scottish county of West Lothian. It is home to the Scottish Premiership football club Livingston F.C.
Minor

Minor can mean:
Minor (law), a young person who has not yet reached the age of majority or some other legal age
Minor scale, a minor key in music
Coulonges-Cohan

Coulonges-Cohan is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Silvio Piola

Silvio Piola (29 September 1913 - 4 October 1996) was a former Italian football player. He was born in Robbio (Lombardy). Piola won the 1938 FIFA World Cup with Italy, scoring two goals in the final. He is the current Serie A top scorer of all time.
Jennifer McClellan

Jennifer Leigh McClellan (born December 28, 1972) is an American politician and lawyer. She has been the U.S. representative for Virginia's 4th congressional district since 2023. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
Before, she was a member of the Virginia State Senate from 2017 to 2023 and of the Virginia House of Delegates from 2009 to 2017. She ran in the Democratic primary for governor of Virginia in the 2021 election, losing to former governor Terry McAuliffe.
Canada Day

Canada Day is a national and an official holiday in Canada celebrating its anniversary of Confederation. It takes place annually on July 1st.
Other page
O Canada - legally adopted on Canada Day in 1980.
Pete Geren

Preston M. Geren, III (born January 29, 1952 in Fort Worth, Texas) was the 20th United States Secretary of the Army from 16 July 2007 to 16 September 2009.
He had already been acting United States Secretary of the Air Force, between 29 July 2005 and position he served in until the confirmation of his successor Michael Wynne on 4 November 2005.
Geren was also a member of the United States House of Representatives from Texas.
Ted

Ted may refer to
TED (conference), yearly conferences about many topics
Ted (movie), a 2012 comedy movie
Ted 2, a sequel to Ted, the comedy movie
Ted Phillips, an English retired footballer
Ted Kacinsky, the Unabomber
Ailly-le-Haut-Clocher

Ailly-le-Haut-Clocher is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
In 2006 the population was 881.
Vic Hadfield

Victor Edward Hadfield (born October 4, 1940 in Oakville, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He is best known for playing with the New York Rangers where he is one of the most popular players in the history of the team. He also played with the Pittsburgh Penguins for the last three seasons of his career.