kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Heat

Heat, or thermal energy, is the sum of the kinetic energy of atoms or molecules. In thermodynamics, heat means energy which is moved between two things, when one of them has a higher temperature than the other thing.
Adding heat to something increases its temperature, but heat is not the same as temperature. The temperature of an object is the measure of the average speed of the moving particles in it. The energy of the particles is called the internal energy. When an object is heated, its internal energy can increase to make the object hotter. The first law of thermodynamics says that the increase in internal energy is equal to the heat added minus the work done on the surroundings.
Heat can also be defined as the amount of thermal energy in a system. Thermal energy is the type of energy that a thing has because of its temperature. In thermodynamics, thermal energy is the internal energy present in a system in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium because of its temperature. That is, heat is defined as a spontaneous flow of energy (energy in transit) from one object to another, caused by a difference in temperature between two objects; therefore, objects do not possess heat.
Properties of Heat
Heat is a form of energy and not a physical substance. Heat has no mass.
Heat can move from one place to another in different ways:
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
The measure of how much heat is needed to cause a change in temperature for a material is the specific heat capacity of the material. If the particles in the material are hard to move, then more energy is needed to make them move quickly, so a lot of heat will cause a small change in temperature. A different particle that is easier to move will need less heat for the same change in temperature.
Specific heat capacities can be looked up in a table, like this one.
Unless some work is done, heat moves only from hot things to cold things.
Measuring heat
Heat can be measured. That is, the amount of heat given out or taken in can be given a value. The calorie is one of the units of measurement for heat but the joule is also used for all kinds of energy including heat.
Heat is usually measured with a calorimeter, where the energy in a material is allowed to flow into nearby water, which has a known specific heat capacity. The temperature of the water is then measured before and after, and heat can be found using a formula.
Navy Pier

Navy Pier is a pier on the Chicago shoreline of Lake Michigan. It is long. It is in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side community area. The pier was built in 1916. It cost $4.5 million. It was a part of the Plan of Chicago developed by architect and city planner Daniel Burnham and his partners. The pier has a tall Ferris wheel.
La Ville-aux-Bois

La Ville-aux-Bois is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
Australia Day

Australia Day is a public holiday held on 26 January every year in Australia. It is celebrated to remember the day that the First Fleet landed in Australia. On 26 January 1788 British people landed at Sydney Cove and began a British convict settlement.
Disputes
Some people do not believe that Australia Day should be celebrated on this date. For example, some indigenous Australians call the date Invasion Day or Survival Day because it was the day that their native land was invaded.
Arrival of the First Fleet
On 13 May 1787, 11 ships were sent from Great Britain to Australia. The ships carried mostly prisoners to Australia where many were going to be living the rest of their lives. The ships were led by Captain Arthur Phillip, who was later promoted to an Admiral.
Something Got Me Started

"Something Got Me Started" is a 1991 song by British band Simply Red and is the leading single from their fourth studio album Stars. It went to the top 20 in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Track listings
7-inch, cassette, and mini-CD single
"Something Got Me Started"
"A New Flame"
UK 12-inch single
A1. "Something Got Me Started" (Perfecto mix)
B1. "Something Got Me Started" (instrumental)
B2. "A New Flame"
UK CD single
"Something Got Me Started"
"Come on in My Kitchen"
"A New Flame"
"Something Got Me Started" (Perfecto mix)
US 12-inch single
A1. "Something Got Me Started" (Hurley's house remix) - 5:56
A2. "Something Got Me Started" (Hurley's dub) - 5:44
B1. "Something Got Me Started" (E-Smoove's Late Night mix) - 5:00
B2. "Something Got Me Started" (Smoove dub mix) - 5:44
US CD single
"Something Got Me Started" - 4:00
"Come on in My Kitchen" - 1:30
"If You Don't Know Me by Now" - 3:24
"Something Got Me Started" (Perfecto mix) - 5:13
Charades

Charades or charade ( or ) is a word guessing game. A player acts out a word or phrase and the other players attempt to guess what the word or phrase is in a certain amount of time. The person who is acting usually pantomimes similar sounding words. The game has also been adapted into television shows like Acting Crazy, Party Game, Give Us a Clue, Body Language and Celebrity Charades.
Thomas Jefferson Byrd

Thomas Jefferson Byrd (25 June 1950 - 3 October 2020) was an American actor. He was known for starring in many movies by director Spike Lee. He was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance in the 2003 Broadway revival of Ma Rainey's Black Bottom. He was born in Griffin, Georgia.
Byrd was shot and killed in Atlanta, Georgia on 3 October 2020, aged 70.
Idiotville, Oregon

Idiotville is a ghost town in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States. It is near the mouth of Idiot Creek on the Wilson River.
Svealand

Svealand is the central region in Sweden. It consists of the historical provinces of Dalarna, Narke, Sodermanland, Uppland, Varmland, Vastmanland.
Edward Rosling

Sir Edward Rosling (4 December 1863 - 19 January 1946) was a Ceylonese tea planter and politician.
Edward Rosling was born 4 December 1863 in Barnes, Surrey, England. He was the eldest son of his parents. His father Joseph Rosling (1830 - 1890) was a timber merchant in Nutfield. His mother's name was Julia Victoria nee Black (1838 - 1927). He had two half siblings: Mary (b.1858) and Katherine (b.1859) from his father's first marriage. He had three sisters: Margaret (b. 1866), Ethel (b.1869) and Josephine (b.1872) and one brother, Percy (b.1867).
Rosling was educated at Queenwood College, Hampshire. In 1886, at the age of 23, he travelled to Ceylon. He was apprenticed as a "creeper" in Ceylon on a tea plantation in Ambagamuwa. In late 1888 he took up a position as a manager on a tea estate in Nanu Oya. He worked as a tea planter for 27 years. He served as the chairman of the Anglo-Ceylon and General Estates Company Limited. In 1899, he was elected as the president of the Hill Club in Nuwara Eliya. In 1900, he was elected as the chairman of the Planter's Association. After serving for a year, he was re-elected as chairman between 1909 and 1911. In November 1902, Rosling was appointed as an unofficial member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon and a Justice of the Peace. He served on the Council for ten years. He was retired from the Council in 1913. His position on the Council was later filled by William Duff Gibbon.
He married to Isabella Graham White (1866-1958) on 28 June 1888 at Duncairn Church in Belfast, Ireland. They had seven children: Josephine (b.1890), Alfred (b.1892), Edward (b.1895), Isobel Phyllis (b.1898), Percy Campbell (b.1902), Edward (b.1904) and Hugh Patrick (b.1910).
Rosling was knighted in June 1913 for his services on the Legislative Council of Ceylon. After retirement, he returned to England and became the chairman of the Ceylon Association in London between 1914 and 1915.
He died on 19 January 1946 in Weybridge, Surrey, England. He is buried in the cemetery at St. Peter's church in Hersham, Surrey.
Redwall (TV series)

Redwall was a Canadian/French/German animated television series. It was based on the book series Co-Produced by Canadian studio Nelvana Limited and French animation studio Ahlpanim (Season 1) and German Animation Studio TV-Loonland AG (Season 2-3) and with the participation of Teletoon and In Co-production With France 3 (Season 1) and France 2 (Season 1). It aired from 1999 to 2002
Canadian animated television series
Indiangrass

Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), also called Indian grass, is a North American prairie grass, and is the official state grass of both Oklahoma and South Carolina.
Heiligenfelde

Heiligenfelde is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmarkische Hohe.
Exmoor pony

The Exmoor pony is a breed of horse. It is native to the British Isles.
Features
The fur is brown, from beige and brown to dark brown and black. The Exmoor pony eats grass and hay. It can be up to tall and weigh . The breeding time is 336 days. They can become 25 years old.
Needles and Pins (song)

"Needles and Pins" is a 1963 rock song by Jackie DeShannon. It was written by Sonny Bono and Jack Nitzsche and went to number 1 in Canada. The most successful version is the 1964 song by The Searchers and went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, Ireland and South Africa and by Smokie in 1977.
Byers island

Benjamin Morrell writes that he landed on an island he called Byers Island, on 12th July 1825. According to Morrell, this island was at a position of 28 degrees 32 minutes North, and 177 degrees 4 seconds East. He writes about this, in his book A narrative of four voyages.
This island is a phantom island, and does not exist. Just before, he visited Pearl and Hermes Reef, and gives exact positions for the reef. It can therefore be excluded, that he landed on Kure, and gave a wrong position for it.
Byers is the name of the owner of the ship, and one of Morrell's employers.This is another hint that Morrell may be the source of the hoax. According to Burton R. Pollin, Morrells ghostwriter was the magazine editor and playwright Samuel Woodworth.
So even though Morrell may not be the source of this and other false items in his work, he certainly knew about them. He knew about the "rectified" content of his book.
Morrell sacrificed his scientific reputation in order to be able to increase the sales of his book.
The official maritime manual of 1899 already lists Byer island and Morrell Island as doubtful.
Despite this, globes of 1960s still show the islands, along four other phantom islands, northwest of Kure.
Reference works
Henry M. Stommel: Lost Islands. The Story of Islands That Have Vanished from Nautical Charts. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver 1984, ISBN 978-0-7748-0210-9 .
Saving Abel (2008 album)

On March 11, 2008, the rock band Saving Abel released their hit studio album called Saving Abel (the second self-titled album). A song in this particular album is featured on Saving Abel's previous studio album called 18 Days. There are two major singles on this album called "Addicted" and "18 Days". The album has 11 studio tracks on it, and 2 original B-Sides. The album was produced by producer Skidd Mills. The album's songs have some of the songs featured on it from the previous self-titled studio album like "18 Days", "Drowning (Face Down)", "Running Away from You", and "Beautiful You".
Carlos Luna

Carlos Luna is a retired volleyball player from Venezuela. Carlos competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He was born on 25 January 1981.
Metastability

Metastability has slightly different meanings in different fields of knowledge. The general idea, however, is that something is metastable if it is not changing, yet given a small force ("nudge") it will transition to another, more stable state.
For example, a block is sitting on a slope (an "inclined plane"). It keeps sitting there until it is nudged, or the slope is gently struck, setting up vibrations. Then the block starts to slide. At that point it keeps sliding until it reaches the bottom. The block sitting at the bottom is stable. The block sitting on the slope but not moving is metastable. And the block as it is moving is unstable.
A real life example of this is an avalanche of snow. The avalanche is unstable (the snow is sliding down the mountainside). When the avalanche is over the snow is stable. Before the avalanche starts, the snow is metastable, since some small perturbation is enough to cause it to lose what might have seemed to be stability, but in fact was only metastability.
International Energy Agency

The International Energy Agency (IEA; ) is an autonomous intergovernmental organization created in 1974 after the 1973 oil crisis. It is based in Paris.
On 1 September 2015, Fatih Birol succeeded the 2011 Executive Director of the IEA, Maria van der Hoeven.
Susan Greenfield

Susan Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield, (born Hammersmith, London, 1 October 1950) is a British scientist, writer and broadcaster. She specializes in studying how the human brain works and has done a lot of research into diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease which are common in older people. She has written several books and appeared frequently on radio and television. She is very good at explaining what she does to the wide public, using words that ordinary people (non-scientists) can understand. In 1994 she gave the series of Christmas lectures on television for young children.
Life and work
Susan Greenfield was born in Hammersmith, West London. Her parents were of Russian and Austrian origin. She studied at the University of Oxford and also got a doctorate degree from the College de France in Paris. She is Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Oxford and fellow of Lincoln College. She is the head of a group of 18 scientists who study degenerative brain diseases. Until recently she was director of the Royal Institution.
Susan Greenfield is very well known to the wider public through the books she has written and the lectures she has given on radio and on television. In 1994, she was the first woman to give the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures which were sponsored at that time by the BBC. She called those lectures "Journey to the centre of the brain".
Greenfield frequently lectures about the future of the brain and, in particular, the effect that computers are having in the way we think. She says that computer could be very useful for old people because it keeps their minds active. On the other hand she is worried that young people are using computers too much. Although activities such as video games are good for developing certain skills (such as quick reactions), there are many other skills that we need in life (such as the ability to communicate with people and understand other people's emotions) that they do not teach us.
Political
Baroness Greenfield sits in the United Kingdom Parliament in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. She does not belong to any particular party.
Awards and Honours
She has been given many awards, including the CBE for helping the public to understand science. a Chevalier Legion d'Honneur by the French Government. She has been given several honorary degrees and in June 2001, she was made a Life peer, as Baroness Greenfield, of Ot Moor in the County of Oxfordshire.
Personal life
Greenfield was married to an Oxford University Professor of Physical Chemistry, Peter Atkins; they divorced in 2005.
Program specification

In computer science, a program specification is the definition of what a computer program is expected to do. It can be informal, in which case it can be considered as a blueprint or user manual from a developer point of view, or formal, in which case it has a definite meaning defined in mathematical or programmatic terms. In practice, most successful specifications are written to understand and fine-tune applications that were already well-developed, although safety-critical software systems are often carefully specified prior to application development. Specifications are most important for external interfaces that must remain stable.
Overview
In systems engineering a specification is a document that clearly and accurately describes the essential technical requirements for items, materials, or services including the procedures by which it can be determined that the requirements have been met. Specifications help avoid duplication and inconsistencies, allow for accurate estimates of necessary work and resources, act as a negotiation and reference document for engineering changes, provide documentation of configuration, and allow for consistent communication among those responsible for the eight primary functions of Systems Engineering. They provide a precise idea of the problem to be solved so that they can efficiently design the system and estimate the cost of design alternatives. They provide guidance to testers for verification (qualification) of each technical requirement.
Tschirn

Tschirn is a village in Kronach in Oberfranken (Bavaria, Germany). In the Frankenwald mountain range, it incorporates the sections Tschirn, Dobermuhle and Gemeindeschneidmuhle. The oldest historical record dates 1276.
Javier Otxoa

Javier Otxoa Palacios (born August 30, 1974 in Vizcaya - August 24, 2018, Alhaurin de la Torre) was a cyclist from Spain. He was a race car driver before being run over by a car. After being run over by a car, he decided to be a cyclist all the time. He has a disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a C3 type cyclist. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number 1 racer to finish in the Combined Road race. He was the number 2 cyclist in the Individual Pursuit track race. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number 1 racer to finish in the Road Trial race. He was the number 2 cyclist in the road race.
Otxoa won two gold medals and two silver medals at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and the 2008 Summer Paralympics.
Otxoa died on 24 August 2018 in Alhaurin de la Torre, Spain from sepsis at the age of 43.
Masashi Miyamura

Masashi Miyamura (born 18 February 1969) is a former Japanese football player.
Benevento Calcio

Benevento Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.
Batatais (footballer)

Algisto Lorenzato (May 20, 1910 - July 16, 1960), is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
United States federal executive departments

The United States federal executive departments are among the oldest primary units of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States-the Departments of State, War, and the Treasury all being established within a few weeks of each other in 1789.
My Way (Usher album)

My Way is the second studio album by American singer Usher. It was released by LaFace Records on September 16, 1997. The album had three singles "Nice & Slow", "My Way" and "You Make Me Wanna...".
History
The album debuted at number 15 on the Billboard 200 chart. It sold 66,000 copies the first week. It also debuted at number four on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It reached number one for three weeks. My Way was then certified 6x Platinum for shipping 6,000,000 copies in the United States. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award. It also became his "breakthrough album". Many music critics gave positive reviews for the album.
Northern Province, Zambia

Northern Province is a province in Zambia. The capital is Kasama.
Buttwil

Buttwil is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
The village is west of Muri.
Taula

A taula ('table' in Catalan) is a stone monument in the shape of a T. It is found on the Balearic Islands of Minorca. They were built by the Talaiotic culture sometime between 1000 BC and 300 BC. Their meaning is unknown but it was probably made for either religious and/or astronomical purposes.
Dynamics (music)

In music, the dynamics in the piece is the variation in loudness between notes or phrases.
In written music the dynamics are shown by letters which stand for Italian words for the dynamic levels. They are listed in the table below. Notice that "piano", as a dynamic level, is pronounced the Italian way ("pi-AH-no").
Use more than two ps or fs to show that the music is very, very quiet, or very, very loud. Tchaikovsky sometimes used five ps or fs, though only up to three are normally found in sheet music.
Dynamic levels are not something that can be measured exactly. Exactly how loud mp should be depends on several things: what is happening in the music, the instrument, the size of the room in which the music is being played etc. The important thing is that dynamic levels should be correct in relation to one another.
Some composers are very precise about writing the dynamics they want. Others leave a lot to the performer to decide. Historically, composers several centuries ago, such as Bach, only wrote occasional dynamic marks. Even Mozart only wrote a few, mostly p and f. By the 19th century composers were writing dynamics in much more detail in their music.
Sometimes accents are shown by marks similar to dynamic marks. Sforzando means a strong, sudden accent and is abbreviated as sf, sfz or fz. The notation sfzp (or sfp) means a sforzando followed immediately by piano
The terms crescendo, and diminuendo (or sometimes decrescendo), mean a gradual getting louder or quieter. They can also be shown by signs known as "hairpins". A hairpin opening out is a crescendo, one which closes is a diminuendo.
Filiași

Filiasi is a town in Dolj County, Romania, on the Jiu River. In 2002, the population was 18,848.
Tidal (album)

Tidal is the 1996 first album by Fiona Apple. Six singles were released from it: "Shadowboxer", "Slow Like Honey", "Sleep to Dream", "The First Taste", "Criminal" and "Never Is a Promise". "Criminal" received the 1997 Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance. Tidal reached number 15 on the U.S. Billboard 200. Rolling Stone put it at #83 in their 100 Best Albums of the Nineties.
Track listing
All songs written by Fiona Apple.
Tônia Carrero

Maria Antonieta de Farias Portocarrero (August 23, 1922 - March 3, 2018), known professionally as Tonia Carrero, was a Brazilian actress. She was born in Rio de Janeiro. She was known for her movie role in Tico-Tico no Fuba and for her television roles in Agua Viva and in Louco Amor.
She was awarded with Premio Saci.
Carrero died in Rio de Janeiro on March 3, 2018 of post-surgery cardiac arrest at the age of 95.
Faroese Americans

Faroese Americans are Americans of Faroese descent or Faroe Islands-born people who reside in the United States. The Faroe Islands are a group of eighteen islands between Iceland and Norway, and they are a part of the Kingdom of Denmark. There are approximately 50,000 Faroese people living in the Faroe Islands today. It is not known how many Faroese Americans there are.
Osman Öcalan

Osman Ocalan (1958 - 15 November 2021) was a Turkish Kurdish militant politician He was the commander of the Kurdistan Workers' Party.
Ocalan died of COVID-19 on 15 November 2021 in Erbil, Kurdistan Region at the age of 63.
Substitute (The Righteous Brothers song)

"Substitute" is a 1975 song by The Righteous Brothers and the better known version is the 1978 song by South African all girl group Clout. It went to number 1 in Germany, Ireland, New Zealand and South Africa, number 2 in Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, number 10 in Austria and number 12 in Australia.
Whisky (movie)

Whisky is a Uruguayan movie that is both funny and sad (tragicomic). It was directed by Juan Pablo Rebella and Pablo Stoll. It was released in 2004. The movie stars Andres Pazos, Mirella Pascual, Jorge Bolani, Ana Katz, and Daniel Hendler. The actors do not talk much or show much feeling. It was first shown at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Un Certain Regard and FIPRESCI Awards.It was Juan Pablo Rebella's last movie before he died in 2006.
Stella Bail

Stella Bail is a British track cyclist.
She won the silver medal at the 1958 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, in the women's team pursuit event. The 1958 UCI Track Cycling World Championships where the first Track Cycling World Championships where female competed, and so she is the first British female medalist at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships, next to Kathleen Ray who won bronze.
Tessa Virtue

Tessa Virtue is an ice dancer from Canada. Her skating partner is Scott Moir. Virtue and Moir have been skating together since 2008. In the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, the duo won the gold medal in the ice dancing competition; which was not only a first for them, but also for the country of Canada. They went on to win two silver medals in 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics and two gold medals in 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics. They are now the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history.
Virtue and Moir were the most successful junior-level Canadian ice dancers ever. They won Canada's first gold medal in ice dancing at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships in 2006. In that year, they also won the bronze medal at the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a senior-level competition for skaters who are from countries that are not in Europe.
In their first full season skating at the senior level, Virtue and Moir won the silver medal (second place) at the Skate Canada International and again at Nationals. Their debut at the World Championships was the highest debut by any team in over two decades when they placed 6th. This made them immediately seeded skaters going into the 2007/2008 season.
Virtue and Moir are known for their artistry, musicality, and grace on the ice. They often look as if they were dancing, not skating. They have a close connection. While most of their programs have been soft and romantic, Virtue and Moir have also done humorous programs in exhibition.
Virtue and Moir were coached by Igor Shpilband and Marina Zueva.
Fino Mornasco

Fino Mornasco is a comune in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy.
Phasmahyla guttata

The spotted leaf frog (Phasmahyla guttata) is a frog that lives in Brazil. It lives in the mountains not far from the ocean.
Patriarch Kirill of Moscow

Kirill or Cyril (, secular name Vladimir Mikhailovich Gundyayev, ; born 20 November 1946) is a Russian Orthodox bishop. He became Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' and Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church on 1 February 2009.
Before becoming Patriarch, Kirill was Archbishop (later Metropolitan) of Smolensk and Kaliningrad from 26 December 1984. He was also Chairman of the Russian Orthodox Church's Department for External Church Relations and a permanent member of the Holy Synod beginning in 1989.
Siphonophore

The Siphonophores are an order of cnidarian invertebrates in the class Hydrozoa. The Portuguese man o' war is an example.
A siphonophore is not a single animal. It is a colony of four kinds of zooids. Zooids are very small, highly modified individuals. All the zooids in a colony are genetically identical. These zooids are specialized polyps and medusoids.
Though structurally similar to other cnidarians, the zooids do not live by themselves: they are attached to each other. Each type of zooid is not self-sufficient. It depends for survival on the others doing what it cannot do by itself.
So close do the zooids fit together that the colony looks like a single individual. It was a triumph of 19th century biology to discover the real nature of the siphonophores.
Tielt-Winge

Tielt-Winge is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
In 2007, 10103 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 56 North, 04deg 54 East.
Letters from Prague

Letters from Prague () is a 2016 Indonesian musical drama movie directed by Angga Dwimas Sasongko and starring Tio Pakusadewo, Julie Estelle, Widyawati, Rio Dewanto.
Steve Lamacq

Steve Lamacq (born 16 October 1965) is a disc jockey for BBC radio stations. He is known by his nicknames Lammo or "The Cat". He was born in Basingstoke, Hampshire and grew up in Essex.
Maizet

Maizet is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Ryoko Uno

(former name; Ryoko Kobayashi, Xiao Lin Liang Zi ) is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Uno was born in Sagamihara on November 9, 1975. She joined Yomiuri Beleza (later NTV Beleza) in 1990. The club won Nadeshiko League championship for 4 years in a row until 1993. She was selected Best Eleven for 3 years in a row from 1991 to 1993. In 2000, she moved to YKK Tohoku Ladies SC Flappers (later TEPCO Mareeze). In 2007, she retired.
National team career
In May 1991, when Uno was 15 years old, she was selected the Japan national team for 1991 AFC Championship in Fukuoka. At this competition, on June 3, she debuted against Singapore. She also played at 1993 AFC Championship. She was a member of Japan for 1995 World Cup. She played 6 games for Japan until 1996.
Grey matter

Grey matter (or gray matter) is a main component of the central nervous system. It is composed of neurons (that is, the cells usually called 'brain cells') and glial cells. By contrast, the white matter is composed of long-range myelinated axon tracts (nerve fibres) and glial cells.
The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a very light grey colour with yellowish or pinkish hues, which come from capillary blood vessels and neuronal cell bodies.
Velafrons

Velafrons (meaning "sailed forehead") is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Mexico. Its fossils were found in the Upper Cretaceous Cerro del Pueblo Formation (about 73.5 million years old), near Rincon Colorado, Coahuila, Mexico. The type specimen is CPC-59, and the type species is V. coahuilensis.
Coral bleaching

Coral bleaching occurs when stony corals turn white.
Stony corals are simple animals that form large reefs. The animals live in a endosymbiotic relationship with single-celled algae. To get sunlight the corals live just below sea level. The algae make food products for the coral polyp by photosynthesis.
Coral polyps are sensitive to changes in their environment. This includes the temperature of the water they live in. Under stress, coral polyps may expel the algae which live inside their tissues. The algae provide up to 90% of the coral's energy. Bleached corals continue to live but begin to starve after bleaching. Some corals recover.
Warmer sea water temperatures caused by global warming is the leading cause of coral bleaching.
The United Nations Environment Programme says that the longest recorded global bleaching events happened between 2014 and 2016. Coral was killed on an unprecedented scale. In 2016, bleaching of coral on the Great Barrier Reef killed between 29 and 50 percent of the reef's coral.
In 2017, the bleaching got into the central region of the reef. The interval between bleaching events has halved between 1980 and 2016.
Recent research showed that the coral-algae relationship is much older than was thought. This suggests it has survived many climate changes.
Some corals change color instead of turning white when they are bleached. The colors can be very bright. In May 2020, scientists from the University of Southampton said that the colors act like sunscreen and protect the coral cells from light. The scientists said this means some corals can lose their algae for a while and might have developed bright colors as a way to make it easier for the algae to come back and to stay alive until then.
Courante

A courante () is a dance that was popular in Baroque music in the 17th and early 18th centuries. The word comes from the French word for to "run".
The courante was a fast, running dance with 3 beats in a bar (the time signature was often 3/2, although sometimes it was 3/4). During the 17th century the French courante started to become slower than the Italian corrente, and it often had more counterpoint (imitating parts). However, this was not a strict rule, and the courantes that Bach wrote were both Italian and French in style, and sometimes he called them "courante" and sometimes "corrente".
Composers of the Baroque period often composed a group of several dances. This was called a suite. There was usually an allemande, then the courante was the second dance, followed by a sarabande and a gigue and sometimes one or two other dances or as well.
Open Source Initiative

The Open Source Initiative (OSI) It is a California-based public-benefit nonprofit corporation. They aim to contribute to open source software.
Tales of a Wayside Inn

Tales of a Wayside Inn is a book of poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. It was published in 1863. The book is set in a real place. That place was a tavern in Sudbury, Massachusetts. Longfellow lived 20 miles away in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The inn was a favorite place for the people of Cambridge to go. The people in the book were real people, too. They were friends of Longfellow. In the book, they tell stories to each other while visitng the Wayside Inn. The best known poem is "Paul Revere's Ride". It begins: "Listen my children and you shall hear / Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere."
Longfellow wrote the book to help him cope with his wife's death. She died at home. She was standing in front of a fireplace. Her skirt caught fire. Longfellow visited the real tavern in 1862. It was called the Red Horse Tavern at that time. It was closed because the owner had died the year before. Longfellow said it was "a rambling, tumble-down building". Two more books about the Wayside Inn were published. One book was published in 1870, and other in 1872.
William Fichtner

William Edward "Will" Fichtner, Jr. (born November 27, 1956) is an American actor. He was known for his roles in Prison Break, Armageddon, Heat, The Perfect Storm, and in The Dark Knight.
Early life
Fichtner was born on November 27, 1956 in Mitchel Air Force Base, New York. He is of German ancestry. He was raised in Cheektowaga, New York.
Fichtner studied at Maryvale High School, at the Farmingdale State College and at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. He was married to Betsy Aidem until they divorced in 1998. They had one child. He has been married to Kymberly Kalil since 1998. They have one child.
David Copperfield (1935 movie)

David Copperfield is a 1935 black and white movie directed by George Cukor. The movie was based on the 1850 book of the same name by Charles Dickens. The movie was a great success. It was nominated for the Best Picture Academy Award.
Israel Philharmonic Orchestra

The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra in Tel Aviv is the most famous orchestra in Israel. It is usually called the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, or abbreviated IPO. In Hebrew it is written: , pronounced: ha-Tizmoret ha-Filharmonit ha-Yisre'elit. It was started in 1936 by the violinist Bronislaw Huberman when it was known as the Palestine Orchestra. At this time the Nazis were in power in Germany and Jews were being persecuted. Many European orchestras were getting rid of their Jewish musicians. The orchestra gave their first concert in Tel Aviv on 26 December 1936, and was conducted by Arturo Toscanini.
The orchestra tours to many parts of the world. In 1971 they visited Germany. Some of the world's greatest conductors have conducted the orchestra. Leonard Bernstein and Zubin Mehta in particular have had a close relationship with them. They did not have a main conductor until 1977 when Mehta was made Music Director.
The IPO have made many recordings with Mehta, and also with Bernstein.
After 1938 the orchestra have refused to play the music of Richard Wagner because he was anti-Jewish.
Musical Advisors/Music Directors
Until 1977 the orchestra had no Music Directors. The conductors most closely associated with the orchestra were called musical advisors.
Croats

Croats () are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world. Large Croat communities exist in a number of countries, including Chile, the United States, Argentina, Australia, Germany, New Zealand and South Africa. Croats are noted for their unique culture, which comes from their location on the edge of the Western world which subjected them to various non European influences. The Croats are predominantly Catholic and their language is Croatian.
Ina Isings

Clasina Isings (15 February 1919 - 3 September 2018) was a Dutch professor of classical archeology. From 1961 to 1995, she managed the collection of the Provincial Utrecht Society of Arts and Sciences (PUG). She was born in Soest, Netherlands. She also worked at University of Utrecht.
Isings died in Bilthoven, Netherlands on 3 September 2018 at the age of 99.
Wetterhoun

A Wetterhoun (West Frisian: "Wetterhun" English: "Water dog") is a type of water dog breed that came from the Friesland province of the Netherlands. It was originally used as a hunting dog. The population is small which could threaten the breed.
Health
Even though it is a very rare breed, it is still generally healthy. Hip evaluation, elbow evaluation, and Severe Combine Immune Deficiency Syndrome tests are recommend for the breed.
Temperament
The breed is a little stubborn, but it usually stable.
Wilson Roosevelt Jerman

Wilson Roosevelt Jerman (January 21, 1929 - May 16, 2020) was a butler. He worked for 11 different American presidents in the White House. He was born in Seaboard, North Carolina.
Jerman was promoted to butler under John F. Kennedy, and continued in that role until his retirement in 1993 during the Bill Clinton administration. He returned to the White House in 2003 in the George W. Bush administration. He worked as a maitre d' and elevator operator for Barack Obama before his final retirement in 2012.
Jerman died at the age of 91 on May 16, 2020 from COVID-19 in Woodbridge, Virginia at the age of 91.
Kota Ogi

Kota Ogi (born 5 May 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Ventforet Kofu.
Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh

Castlereagh (born in Dublin; 1769-1822) was a British politician. He became a Viscount when his father was made Earl of Londonderry. He became British Foreign Secretary but killed himself.
Groscavallo

Groscavallo is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Kil, Kil Municipality

Kil is an urban area in the county of Varmland in Sweden. It is the seat of Kil Municipality.
Bent (song)

"Bent" is a 2000 song by Matchbox Twenty. It is the leading single from their second studio album Mad Season. It went to number 1 in the United States and Canada, number 19 in Australia and number 20 in New Zealand.
Track listings
US CD single
"Bent"
"Push" (acoustic)
UK and Australian CD single
"Bent" - 4:16
"Don't Let Me Down" (live from Australia) - 4:11
"Busted" (live from Australia) - 4:33
European CD single
"Bent" - 4:19
"Don't Let Me Down" (live from Australia) - 4:16
Saint-Ciers-de-Canesse

Saint-Ciers-de-Canesse is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Sugnens

Sugnens was a municipality in the Gros-de-Vaud district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the municipalities of Dommartin, Naz, Poliez-le-Grand and Sugnens joined together to become the new municipality of Montilliez.
Houston County, Alabama

Houston County is a county in the state of Alabama, United States
It is the newest county in Alabama, as it was only created on 9 February 1903. It is named after the former state Governor George Smith Houston.
The county seat is Dothan.
Economy
Houston County is mostly agricultural. Peanuts, cotton and corn are the main things that are grown. Small grains, melons and vegetables are also grown a lot. Beef cattle, hogs and dairy cattle are the main animals farmed in the County.
Saint James

Saint James could mean any of the following:
People
Several men mentioned in the New Testament:
James, son of Zebedee, an apostle, brother of John the Apostle, venerated at Santiago de Compostela
James (son of Alphaeus), an apostle, brother of Matthew the Evangelist
James the Less, son of Clopas and Mary of Clopas, often identified with the son of Alphaeus
James the Just, the brother of Jesus, head of the early Christian Church in Jerusalem
James the Deacon, 7th century missionary to England
James the Confessor, Bishop of Catania in the 8th Century
Rebecca St. James, Christian pop and rock artist
Places
In transportation,
Saint James station (disambiguation), several railway stations around the world
In the United States:
St. James, Maryland
St. James, Minnesota
St. James, Missouri
St. James, New York
Saint James Parish, Louisiana
The St. James Theatre, on Broadway in New York City
St. James Court Art Show in Louisville, Kentucky
St. James Catholic Church in Vancouver, Washington
St. James Middle School, a school in Horry County in South Carolina
St. James High School, also a school in Horry County in South Carolina
In the United Kingdom:
St. James's Palace, London
Court of St. James's, London
St. James's Park, London
St James' Park, Newcastle upon Tyne, home of football club Newcastle United.
Erasmus Bridge

The Erasmus Bridge is a bridge in the city of Rotterdam. The bridge was the second bridge built over the Maas river. The bridge is named after Desiderius Erasmus who was born in Rotterdam. The bridge connects the northern and southern parts of Rotterdam. The bridge was designed by Ben van Berkel. Queen Beatrix opened the bridge in 1996. The bridge is a long cable-stayed bridge. It is high. Between the pillar and the district "Kop Van Zuid" is a long bascule Bridge (it lifts to allow ships to pass under it). The Erasmusbridge has the biggest and heaviest bascule bridge in Europe. The bridge was used in events such as 2010 Tour de France, Rotterdam Marathon and The World Port Days.
Doner kebab

Doner kebab (also spelled doner kebab) (, ; or ) is a type of kebab. A Doner can be made from bread, salad, lamb, chicken or beef. It is cooked on a vertical rotisserie then thinly sliced. When bought from kebab shops it usually comes with salad or french fries.
Restaurants in Germany offer hot chili sauce and garlic yoghurt-style sauce. Barbecue sauce, burger sauce, lemon juice, or a mint sauce similar to raita are also popular.
Doners are often eaten as take-away food on the way home after a night out. There are several common ways in which doner kebabs are served.
Wrapped in pita bread (the most common)
On pita bread
Served as a dish of "doner meat" (and maybe chips), typically including salad
Often preferred to be garnished with a range of sauces such as tomato ketchup, mayonnaise, chili sauce, mint or garlic sauce.
It is a very popular German fast food. The Doner was introduced to the Germans in the 1970s.
In the UK
Kebabs are very much part of the Friday and Saturday night culture in the UK rather than breakfast or lunchtime food. UK doner kebab often uses a different mixture of spices, because immigrants from Cyprus run many of the shops. They may offer doner, shish (lamb and chicken) and kofte kebabs, with a 'special' including some of each with bread and chips.
Silva (movie)

Silva () is a 1944 Soviet musical movie directed by Aleksandr Ivanovsky. It stars Zoya Smirnova-Nemirovich, Niyaz Dautov, and Margarita Sakalis.
Neuvy, Allier

Neuvy is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
Fresneville

Fresneville is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
David IV of Georgia

David IV, also known as David II or David III, or David the Builder (Georgian: davit` ag'mashenebeli, Davit Aghmashenebeli) (1073 - January 24, 1125), from the House of Bagrationi, was King of Georgia from 1089 to 1125.
1908 United States presidential election

The 1908 United States presidential election was the 31st election in the history of the United States. It occurred on November 3, 1908. This election was between Secretary of War William Howard Taft of Ohio and former Congressman from Ohio and Democratic Party Nominee in 1896 and 1900 William Jennings Bryan. Taft won the election with 321 electoral votes, while Bryan got only 162 electoral votes.
This would be the fourth and most recent election in the history of the United States, where both major candidates share the same first name, with the last three being in 1860, 1896, and 1900.
Guinea-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau is a country in Africa. It borders Senegal to the north, Guinea to the south. The official language is Portuguese, and the capital is Bissau. About 1,442,000 people live in Guinea-Bissau as of 2006. The country was a Portuguese colony in the 19th century. At that time is was called Portuguese Guinea. It became independent in 1973. In 1974, the name of the country's capital was added so that it would not be confused with the neighboring country Guinea.
Chorges

Chorges is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
New Statesman

The New Statesman is a British left-wing political magazine that is published weekly in London.
History
The New Statesman was founded in 1913 with the support of George Bernard Shaw and other prominent members of the Fabian Society.
In 1930 the Statesman merged with the Liberal weekly the Nation, and changed its name to the New Statesman and Nation, which it remained until 1964. The chairman of the Nation'''s board was the economist John Maynard Keynes, who came to be an important influence on the paper.
During the 1930s, the Statesman'' moved to the left politically. It became strongly anti-fascist and was generally critical of the government policy of appeasement of Mussolini and Hitler.
Spaulding, California

Spaulding is a census-designated place in Lassen County, California. It is above sea level, near Eagle Lake. At the 2020 census, 178 people lived there. The town has a small airport.
Grant Woods

Grant Woods (May 19, 1954 - October 23, 2021) was an American attorney and politician. He was the Attorney General of Arizona from 1991 until 1999. He was born in Elk City, Oklahoma.
Woods was a moderate Republican who was John McCain's chief of staff when he was a congressman. In 2018, he became a Democrat.
Woods supported Hillary Clinton in the 2016 election and Joe Biden in the 2020 election.
Woods died on October 23, 2021 at a hospital in Phoenix, Arizona from a heart attack, aged 67.
Millennium Park

Millennium Park is a public park in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois.
Pedrinho (footballer, born 1973)

Pedro Aparecido Santana, better known as Pedrinho, is a retired Brazilian football player. He was born in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Club career
Pedrinho starting playing for Edessaikos in the Greek second division in 1997.
He played for 3 other clubs before retiring after he was released by Honduran club, F.C. Motagua.
Kisai Marvazi

Abul Hasan Abu Ishaq Kasa'i Marvazi (or Marvzi) (953 - 10th century)
() or Kasai is a Persian poet. He was born in Marv. He was a poet in the court of Mahmud Ghaznavi. He converted to Shia Islam. He has praised Ali ibn Abi Talib many times in his poems. All of his poems are in Persian. His poems are collected in a Diwan.
953 births
10th-century deaths
Persian poets