kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Antón Arieta

Anton Arieta-Araunabena Piedra (6 January 1946 - 7 May 2022), known as Arieta, was a Spanish footballer. He played as a striker. He was born in Durango, Spain. He played for the Spain national football team from 1970 until 1972, making seven appearances.
Arieta died on 7 May 2022 at the age of 76.
Felicity and Perpetua

Felicity and Perpetua were 3rd century Christian Martyrs in Carthage. They are believed to have died 7 March 203. Their feast day is March 7.
Chupacabra

El Chupacabra (or El Chupacabras) is a cryptid said to live in Puerto Rico, Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Anaheim California. Gilbert Arizona. Texas to Florida, Michigan, Maine and even Oregon. Its name comes from the Spanish translation of "goat sucker", because of its habit of attacking and drinking the blood of livestock, including goats. The legend was started in 1987 when there was a huge, gruesome massacre of livestock all over. All the animals had two puncture wounds on their neck in which the blood had been drained.
Steamboat

A steamboat (also called a steamship or steamer) is a ship that uses a steam engine or steam turbine to move. At first, these were paddle steamboats. Some had a paddle wheel on the back. Others had two wheels on the sides. Most went down rivers. From about 1836, marine propellers, invented by Josef Ressel, were used. Claude Francois Jouffroy d'Abbans built the first working steamship in 1783.
There were many steamboats in the 19th century in the United States and other countries. However, the first steamboat was built by John Fitch in 1787. It had many paddles. Fitch tried to make money from the steamboat, but could not do so. He died in 1798, and did not live long enough to see Robert Fulton become the first person to build a steamboat that could make money. In 1807, Fulton built a steamboat that could travel from New York City to Albany in 32 hours. Steamboats became much faster later in the 19th century.
After the middle 19th century paddle steamers became rare, as the marine propeller gave more speed and burned less fuel. The new vessels were suited to the open ocean, and were usually called "steamships". During the 20th century, marine Diesel engines largely replaced steam propulsion.
Ron Klain

Ronald A. Klain (born August 8, 1961) is an American politician and lawyer. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the 30th White House Chief of Staff from January 20, 2021 until February 8, 2023 in the Joe Biden administration.
He was the chief of staff to two U.S. vice presidents: Al Gore (1995-1999) and Joe Biden (2009-2011).
In early 2020, Klain joined Biden's presidential campaign as a senior advisor.
On November 11, 2020 it was announced he would be the White House Chief of Staff for President Joe Biden.
In January 2023, Klain announced his plans to resign as chief of staff in the weeks after President Biden's State of the Union Address in February.
Hiromasa Tokioka

is a former Japanese football player.
Club statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="3"|Consadole Sapporo||Football League||0||0||2||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|1998||J. League 1||8||0||1||0||4||0||13||0
|-
|1999||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
8||0||3||0||5||0||16||0
8||0||3||0||5||0||16||0
|}
Malpas, Doubs

Malpas is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Geography
Malpas is about southwest of Pontarlier and from the Lac de Saint-Point.
Super Mario Bros. 2

Super Mario Bros. 2 is the second game of the Mario series. It is the name of two different games. In Japan, the game was created by Nintendo. Shigeru Miyamoto thought that the original Super Mario Bros. 2 was too hard for Americans, and decided to remake a Japanese game called Yume Kojo: Doki Doki Panic, and replaced the old characters with the Mario characters Mario, Luigi, Princess Peach, and Toad. The game was much different from other Mario games because of this.
Gameplay
This game features four characters: Toad, Luigi, Mario, and Princess Peach. Each one has different characteristics. Luigi can jump higher than the other characters, Peach can stay afloat for a few seconds longer than the others when jumping, Toad can pull items out of the ground quicker whilst Mario has generic all-round abilities. The player can pick the character at the start of each level.
Unlike the regular Mario games, Mario and his friends have vegetables and can pick up some enemies and throw them.
Escouloubre

Escouloubre is a commune of 73 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
1969 French presidential election

The 1969 French presidential election took place on 1 June and 15 June 1969. It happened after the resignation of President Charles de Gaulle on 28 April 1969.
Ruth Gavison

Ruth Gavison (; March 28, 1945 - August 15, 2020) was an Israeli Law professor. She was born in Jerusalem. She worked at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She was a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. In 2011, she won the Israel Prize.
Gavison was nominated for a position on Israel's Supreme Court in 2005 but failed to secure a majority for the appointment.
Gavison died on August 15, 2020 in Jerusalem at the age of 75.
Photographic filter

A photographic filter is a lens that is used in photography to filter the light. There are different kinds of filters:
Clear filters, commonly known as window glass are put in front of a lens to protect the camera lens.
UV filters are used to reduce the haziness, strong UV filters can be used for warming up certain types of color photos in the shade. They can also correct some of the purple haze on certain digital cameras
Filters are used for color correction; the main use there is to be able to use daylight-type film indoors, or indoor-type film outdoors.
Filters are used to enhance contrast. Examples for this are color filters (red, orange, green,..) in black and white photography or polarizing filters in color photography.
Polarizing filters remove light with a certain polarity to reduce or increase glare, particularly from window reflections or water.
Neutral Density filters reduce light without changing the color.
Color filters remove light of a particular color.
There are special filters that must be used with film that is sensible to infrared light.
So called diopters or close-up lenses make the image bigger. They are a cheaper way to do macro photography
A diffusion filter shows a subject softer, by adding some 'fuzziness'; this can be wanted in some cases, usually portraits of a person.
Filters can be cheap or expensive. Glass (or plastic) that is treated or coated in different ways usually costs more. Some filters can be screwed in front of a lens that is made for this. Others can be placed in the back of the lens, or in special filter holders screwed in at the front.
Gary Coleman

Gary Wayne Coleman (February 8, 1968 - May 28, 2010) was an American actor. Coleman was an African American who was born in Zion, Illinois, with a kidney disease causing nephritis. Nephritis is an autoimmune destruction of the kidney. The disease stopped his growth at an early age. Because of this, he was only tall. His height was his most notable feature. He received two kidney transplants, one in 1973 and one in 1984. He then needed dialysis every day. He was adopted. He was famous for his role as Arnold Jackson in the American sitcom Diff'rent Strokes. He died of a hemorrhage cause by an accidental fall in Provo, Utah.
Petr Pokorný (theologian)

Petr Pokorny (April 21, 1933 - January 18, 2020) was a Protestant theologian. He was a professor at Charles University in Prague, and pastor of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren. He was one of the leading biblical scholars in the Czech Republic.
Frédéric Bazille

Jean Frederic Bazille (6 December 1841 - 28 November 1870) was a French painter. He was born in Montpellier. He was killed in action in the Franco-Prussian War. It was at the Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande in France while leading his unit into a assault on the German position. He died at the age of 28.
Ion Chicu

Ion Chicu (born 28 February 1972) is a Moldovan politician. He was the Prime Minister of Moldova from 14 November 2019 until 31 December 2020. He became Prime Minister after Maia Sandu was forced out of office in a motion of no confidence by the Parliament of Moldova.
Chicu resigned as Prime Minister in 23 December 2020 because of the protests in Moldova demanding early parliamentary elections.
Chloroflexi

Chloroflexi is one of four classes of bacteria that produce energy from light and are named for their green pigment, usually found in photosynthetic bodies.
Chloroflexi are typically filamentous (they look like microscopic strings), and can move about through bacterial gliding. They are facultatively aerobic (they can survive with oxygen or without it), but do not produce oxygen in the process of producing energy from light, or phototrophy. Additionally Chloroflexi have a different method of phototrophy (photoheterotrophy) than true photosynthetic bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis (looking at DNA) indicates that they had a separate origin.
Charlie Day

Charles Peckham "Charlie" Day (born February 9, 1976) is an American actor, musician, screenwriter and television producer. He is best known for portraying Charlie Kelly on It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, as well as for his roles in the movies Horrible Bosses (2011) and Pacific Rim (2013).
Hepatitis

Hepatitis is a disease of the liver. In hepatitis, the liver is inflamed. There can be several reasons why the liver is inflamed. For this reason there are several kinds of hepatitis. The most common forms are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Most cases of Hepatitis are caused by viruses. Some forms are caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis or syphilis can also cause hepatitis; so can the parasite that causes malaria.
Hepatitis can also be caused by alcohol. About one in four people who drink more than three alcoholic drinks a day (over a period of 10-15 days) will have some form of hepatitis caused by alcohol.
Various drugs and chemicals can also cause hepatitis, most notably paracetamol (overdose), yellow phosphorous, and others. Hepatitis may also be caused by other diseases.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A can be spread through personal contact, eating raw seafood, or drinking water with the hepatitis A virus in it. This happens mostly in third world countries. Strict personal hygiene and avoiding raw and unpeeled foods can help prevent an infection.
Once a person has hepatitis A, their immune system makes antibodies to fight the virus. This will make them immune against future infection.
People with hepatitis A should rest, drink a lot of water and avoid alcohol. The time between the infection and the start of the illness can run from 15 to 45 days. About 15% of people with hepatitis A have symptoms from six months to a year after the first diagnosis. Infected people excrete the hepatitis A virus in their stool two weeks before and one week after the appearance of jaundice.
There is a vaccine for hepatitis A. It will protect against hepatitis A for life.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is not spread by food or casual contact. Instead, hepatitis B is spread by blood or body fluids from an infected person. A baby can get it from its mother during childbirth, and it can also be spread by sexual contact, use of street drugs, and unsafe medical care. Some people just have hepatitis B for a little while and then suppress the infection. Others can be infected for life, usually with few or no symptoms for many years. Hepatitis B sometimes damages the liver severely, and can cause cancer and cirrhosis.
There is a vaccine that can prevent hepatitis B. There is no cure for hepatitis B, but there is treatment.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is not spread by food or casual contact. It is spread in ways that are similar to hepatitis B. There is no vaccine, and the treatment is somewhat unpleasant. People with hepatitis C who drink alcohol greatly increase their risk for liver damage.
Alejandra Guzmán

Gabriela Alejandra Guzman Pinal (born February 9, 1968), known professionally as Alejandra Guzman, and nicknamed "La Reina de Corazones" (The Queen of Hearts) is a Mexican musician, singer, composer, and actress. She won a Latin Grammy. She is one of the most successful Mexican female singers.
She is the daughter of actress Silvia Pinal and singer Enrique Guzman.
The Young Swingers

The Young Swingers is a 1963 American musical comedy movie directed by Maury Dexter and starring Rod Lauren, Molly Bee, Gene McDaniels, Jack Larson. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Cheminformatics

Cheminformatics (also known as chemoinformatics and chemical informatics) is the study of large amounts of chemical information. It is done mostly with the help of computers. These tools are used by pharmaceutical companies to discovery new drugs.
Cheminformatics uses computer science and information technology to help solve chemistry problems. Cheminformatics deals with algorithms, databases and information systems, web technologies, artificial intelligence and soft computing, information and computation theory, software engineering, data mining, image processing, modeling and simulation, signal processing, discrete mathematics, control and system theory, circuit theory, and statistics, for generating new knowledge of chemistry.
History
The term chemoinformatics was defined by F.K. Brown in 1998:
Basics
Cheminformatics combines the scientific working fields of chemistry and computer science.
Cheminformatics can also be applied to data analysis for the paper, pulp and dye industries.
Uses
Storage and retrieval
The primary application of cheminformatics is in the storage of information relating to compounds. The efficient search of such stored information includes topics that are dealt with in computer science as data mining and machine learning.
File formats
Computers represent chemical structures in specialized formats such as the XML-based Chemical Markup Language or SMILES. While some formats are suited for visual representations in 2 or 3 dimensions, others are more suited for studying physical interactions, modeling and docking studies.
Virtual libraries
Chemical data can pertain to real or virtual molecules. Virtual compounds may be used to explore chemical space and predict new
compounds with desired properties.
Virtual libraries of classes of compounds (drugs, natural products, diversity-oriented synthetic products) were recently generated using the FOG (fragment optimized growth) algorithm.
Virtual screening
Instead og testing the actual chemicals, virtual screening involves
screening compounds by computer, to identify members likely to possess desired properties such as biological activity against a given target.
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)
This is to predict the activity of compounds from their structures. These studies link cheminofrmatics to chemometrics. Chemical expert systems are also relevant. They represent parts of chemical knowledge in computers.
Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca

Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca, KUOM (born 7 December 1958) is a Maltese politician. She was the 9th President of Malta from April 2014 to April 2019. She served as a member of the Labour Party, she was a Member of Parliament in the Parliament of Malta from 1998 to 2014, and served as the Minister of the Family and Social Solidarity from March 2013 to March 2014.
Wierden

Wierden is a municipality and town in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 25,000 were living there in 2021. It lies in Twente region.
Sharpsburg, Iowa

Sharpsburg is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Bubsheim

Bubsheim is a municipality of the district of Tuttlingen in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany.
Pielenhofen

Pielenhofen is a municipality in Regensburg in Bavaria in Germany. It is on the Naab River.
Servas, Ain

Servas is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Control engineering

Control engineering is the engineering field that focuses on mathematical modeling of dynamical systems, and uses control theory to create controllers that cause the systems to behave in some desired manner. Modern control engineering is closely related to electrical, electronic, and computer engineering. As engineering continues to develop, control engineering is often wanted.
In most cases, control engineers make use of feedback when designing control systems. For example, in an automobile with sail control, the machine's speed is continuously checked and fed back to the system, which then adjusts the motor's spin power on the fly. Recently, control systems are also used in nanotechnology. In chemical engineering, control engineering is known as process control. Many advancements in science, finance, and even human action, can be attributed to control engineering.
Many control systems rely on feedback. However, there are also control systems that work without feedback. Such a system is known as an open-loop control. An open-loop controller, also called a non-feedback controller, relies only on the model and the input signal fed to the system. An example of open-loop control can be found in washing machines, which work by running pre-programmed cycles but, most importantly, do not rely on any measurements of the speed of the barrel or water volume to adjust the machine on the fly.
Michael Alram

Michael Alram (born 1956) is an Austrian historian and numismatic. He got a doctorate in Ancient Numismatics and Classical Archaeology in the University of Vienna in 1982.
He has been Director of the Vienna Coin Cabinet at the Kunsthistorisches Museum since 1982. He is also a member of the Numismatic Commission of the Austrian Academy of Science.
Works
Michael Alram, "Indo-Parthian and early Kushan chronology: the numismatic evidence," in Coins, Art, and Chronology: Essays on the Pre-Islamic History of the Indo-Iranian Borderlands, eds.
Kardzhali Province

Kardzhali Province is a province of Bulgaria. The capital city is also named Kardzhali.
Municipalities
The Kardzhali province has seven municipalities. The following table shows the names of each municipality, the main town (in bold) or village, and the population as of 2009.
Chandigarh

Chandigarh, also called "The Beautiful City", is a city in India. It is a union territory, because it is the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. As a territory it does not belong to either state. Before 1 November,1966 it was capital of Punjab, but after formation of Haryana on 1 November, 1966 it become a union territory.There are many tourism places in Chandigarh like Rock garden, Rose garden and Sukhna lake.
Chandigarh came into existence in 1952 when its first stone was laid. It is one of the modern cities of India, designed by a French architect Le Corbusier. It was the dream city of India's first Prime Minister, Sh.Jawahar Lal Nehru.
It is well known for its mixed cultural background and its fast development in the field of Information Technology. It has outlets of many famous multinational companies established here and is emerging as a hub for business development. The territory covers an area of 44 mi2 or 114 km2, it is bigger than Montserrat but smaller than Jersey. It's also the proposed capital of Khalistan.
Hungarian Americans

Hungarian Americans (Hungarian: amerikai magyarok) are Americans of Hungarian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau has estimated that there are approximately 1.396 million Americans of Hungarian descent as of 2018. The total number of people with ethnic Hungarian background is estimated to be around 4 million.
Shahram Rostami

Shahram Rostami (born 19??) was an Iranian flying ace in the Iran-Iraq War. He was an F-14 Tomcat pilot. He shot down 6 Iraqi fighters: 1 MiG-21, 3 Mirage F1s and 2 MiG-25s. He was the first fighter pilot in the world, who shot down a MiG-25.
Vuollerim

Vuollerim is a locality in Jokkmokk Municipality in Norrbotten County in Sweden. In 2010, 732 people lived there.
Hesper, Kansas

Hesper is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas. It is two and a half miles southeast of Eudora.
History
Hesper was created in 1858 by Quakers. They wanted to help the free-state cause. In 1884, the Hesper Academy opened, but it closed in 1912.
A post office was opened in Hesper in 1868. It closed in 1900.
Friends University in Wichita was created by James Davis. He was from Hesper. The college football player and coach John H. Outland was also from Hesper. The Outland Trophy was named after him.
Lawrence County, Pennsylvania

Lawrence County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 91,108. Its county seat is New Castle.
Battlefield, Missouri

Battlefield is a city in Greene County, Missouri. The 2019 United States Census show about 6,622 people living in the city. Battlefield is part of the Springfield metro area.
Battlefield was named for its proximity to the 1861 Battle at Wilson's Creek, part of the American Civil War.
Vanesa Capo Perez

Vanesa Capo Perez (born October 3, 1982 in Balearic Islands) is a swimmer from Spain. She has a disability: she has cerebral palsy and is an S6 type swimmer. She raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. She raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. She finished second in the 4 x 50 meter Relay 20pts race.
Raimon Carrasco

Raimon Carrasco Azemar (17 February 1924 - 20 March 2022) was a Spanish businessman and football executive. He was the 1st president of FC Barcelona from 1977 until 1978. He was born in Barcelona, Spain.
Carrasco died on 20 March 2022 in Barcelona at the age of 98.
Johan van Hulst

Johan Wilhelm van Hulst (January 28, 1911 - March 22, 2018) was a Dutch retired politician. He served as Member of the Senate from July 3, 1956 until June 10, 1981. He was the Parliamentary leader of the Christian Historical Union in the Senate from December 10, 1968 until June 8, 1977 when the Christian Historical Union merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal.
Van Hulst was also a chess player and a former academic.
On March 22, 2018, Van Hulst died in Amsterdam at the age of 107.
The New Moscow

The New Moscow () is a 1938 Soviet comedy movie directed by Aleksandr Medvedkin and Aleksandr Olenin. It stars Daniil Sagal, Nina Alisova, and Mariya Barabanova.
Madonna (Madonna album)

Madonna (retitled Madonna: The First Album for the 1985 reissue) is the self-titled debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna, it was released on July 27, 1983, by Sire Records.
Christopher M. Fairman

Christopher M. Fairman (1960 or 1961 - July 22, 2015) was an American professor of law at the Ohio State University Moritz College of Law and Associate Dean for Faculty. He was also the C. William O'Neill Professor in Law and Judicial Administration. He was known for his book Fuck: Word Taboo and Protecting Our First Amendment Liberties. Fairman was born in Kansas. He was awarded the "Outstanding Professor Award 2003" by the Graduating Class of 2003.
Fairman died after suffering cardiac arrest in Columbus, Ohio, aged 54.
Brahe Basket

Brahe Basket is a basketball club in Huskvarna in Sweden. The club was established in 1976. The club has played in the Swedish top division on both the men's and the women's sides. The women's team lost the Swedish national championship playoff finals in the season of 2003-2004. They lost to the Solna Vikings.
Madeira Beach, Florida

Madeira Beach is a city of Florida in the United States.
Business class

Business class (also known as executive class or upper class) is a high quality second-tier travel class available on some commercial airlines and rail lines. Its level of accommodation is higher than economy class and domestic first class but lower than international first class. However, many airlines offer only business class as the highest level of international service.
Ivar Aronsson

Ivar Mauritz Aronsson (24 March 1928 - 6 February 2017) was a Swedish rower. He competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal in the coxed fours and finished fourth in the eights competition. He won two silver medals in these events at the 1955 European Championships.
Béalencourt

Bealencourt is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Gelora Bung Karno Stadium

Gelora Bung Karno Stadium is a main stadium in Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is officially called the Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium and also known as the GBK Stadium. The stadium was made for use during the 1962 Asian Games then reused during the 2018 Asian Games and 2018 Asian Para Games.
FC Gifu

is a Japanese professional football club in Gifu Prefecture.
History
The club was founded in 2001.
Blanquefort, Gers

Blanquefort is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Cho Yang-ho

Cho Yang-ho (; 8 March 1949 - 7 April 2019), also known as Y. H. Cho, was a South Korean businessman. He was the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Korean Air, South Korea's flag carrier and largest airline. He served as chairman of the Hanjin Group. He was also a founding member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. He was born in Incheon, Gyeonggi.
Cho died on 7 April 2019 after an illness in Los Angeles, California, United States. He was 70.
Bold (type)

In formatting, bold type is a little bit darker and bigger than normal type. It is used to emphasize a few words as a bolded text can attract attention from the reader.
Usage
Markup languages provide different ways to make a word bold. For example:
In HTML, the <b> and the </b> tags are used to surround the text that needs to be bolded.
In Wikitext, an editor can bold a text using three apostrophes (''') around the text to be bolded to produce the same results.
Qasim ibn Muhammad

Qasim ibn Muhammad (), was the son of Muhammad and Khadija bint Khuwaylid. He died in 601 CE (before the start of his father's prophethood in 609), after his third birthday and is buried in Jannat al-Mu'alla cemetery, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. He was Muhammad's first child. That is why Prophet Muhammad's nickname or Kunia was A'bul Qasim. Qasim was born before the Prophethood and died in Makkah as a child.
Salem, Missouri

Salem is a city in Missouri, United States. It is the county seat of Dent County.
Kingdom of Bulgaria

The Tsardom of Bulgaria (), also called the Third Bulgarian Tsardom (), sometimes translated in English as Kingdom of Bulgaria (), was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe. It was established on 5 October (O.S. 22 September) 1908, when the Bulgarian state became a Tsardom.
Mental breakdown

Mental breakdown (also known as a nervous breakdown) is a non-medical term used to describe an acute, temporary, short phase of a disorder with features of depression or anxiety.
Definition
The terms 'nervous breakdown' and 'mental breakdown' are not formally defined in a diagnostic system such as the DSM-IV or ICD-10. The terms are not often used in the scientific literature on mental illness.
Specific cases are sometimes described as a 'breakdown' only after a person cannot function in day-to-day life. It is a temporary condition.
Causes
Different things can cause a mental breakdown. A study found that problems with intimate relationships, such as divorce or separation, contributed to 24% of nervous breakdowns. Problems at work and school accounted for 17% of cases, and financial problems for 11%. Surveys suggest that in the United States, health problems have decreased in importance as a contributor to nervous breakdowns, as these accounted for 28% of nervous breakdowns in 1957, 12% in 1976, and only 5.6% in 1996.
In themselves, nervous breakdowns are considered a 'health problem' by most professionals.
Keyboard instrument

A keyboard instrument is an instrument that is played by pressing the keys of a keyboard. In a keyboard, the notes are arranged with naturals (usually white notes) forming the main body of the keyboard, and sharps and flats (usually black notes) placed in cuttings into the upper half of the naturals.
The ways in which the sound is made varies a lot:
In the piano, hammers hit the strings.
In the organ, air is sent through pipes.
In the electronic organ or synthesizer, sound is made electronically.
In the harpsichord, the strings are plucked by quills or "jacks".
In the clavichord, the strings are hit by a metal "tangent".
In the 17th and 18th centuries, the word Clavier was used in Germany to mean any kind of keyboard instrument. Often, the naturals were black and the sharps and flats were white (see picture of harpsichord), but the layout was exactly the same.
The development of electronic instruments in the 20th century has brought about many different types of electronic keyboard instruments. These include the ondes Martenot and the synthesizer.
Nowadays, people often talk about a keyboard meaning an electronic keyboard (e.g. "He plays the keyboard"). The plural form of the word is "keyboards".
Yamaha have now made the most successful keyboards, selling over 770,000 a year
Types of keyboards
Keyboard types include:
Arranger keyboards
Digital workstation keyboard
Arranger keyboard
Arrangers are mainly aimed at performers. Arrangers are mainly identified by their automatic accompaniment styles. They are used widely by musicians who perform by their own, more like a one-man band. Arrangers offer extensive libraries containing prerecorded accompaniment tracks in nearly every music style imaginable. The instrument can support their singing with onboard effects, vocal harmony, and lyric display while providing MIDI and/or audio file playback. Music played by the keyboardist can often be recorded and saved into a memory bank. Arrangers also help in writing songs and can provide realistic drum styles that match with the tempo and style the musician developed.
The top seller for arrangers include Yamaha and Korg which are used by many keyboardist worldwide.
Workstation keyboard
A keyboard workstation is a keyboard that is used to change the features of a variety of sounds on a keyboard. Workstation allows one to create new voices using filters, effects and modulations. It also allows for mixing sounds.
Top brands for these are Nord, Yamaha, Korg, Casio which are used by many keyboardists worldwide.
Rex Patrick

Rex Lyall Patrick (born 8 May 1967) is an Australian politician. He has served as a Senator for South Australia since 2017. He is a member of the Centre Alliance. He was born in Whakatane, New Zealand and moved to South Australia as a child. Patrick served in the Royal Australian Navy from 1983 to 1994.
In March 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Patrick tested positive to COVID-19.
Les Lucs-sur-Boulogne

Les Lucs-sur-Boulogne is a commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in west France.
Danny Elfman

Daniel Robert "Danny" Elfman (May 29, 1953) is an American film composer, singer and songwriter. He is Jewish (of British Jewish, Polish Jewish and Russian Jewish descent). He wrote music for many movies and television series. In 2002, he married actress Bridget Fonda. They have one child, Oliver Elfman (born September 19, 2003).
Influences
Elfman stated composers & Musical Artists like Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Alfred Newman, David Tamkin, George Bruns, Alban Berg, Thomas Tallis, Max Stiener, Buddy Baker, Dimitri Tiomkin, Franz Waxman, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Carl Orff, Dr. Seuss, Jakob Gimpel, Kurt Weil, Peter Gabriel, Harry Partch, George Gershwin, Dimitri Tiomkin, Alice Cooper, Leonard Bernstein, Elmer Bernstein, Jerry Goldsmith, John Barry, Maurice Jarre, John Williams, Lalo Schifrin, Oliver Wallace, Henry Mancini, Randy Newman, Bernard Herrmann, Frank Zappa, Carl W. Stalling, Scott Bradley, Frank Churchill and Hans Zimmer as influences.
Elfman's work in rock and pop music and specifically as songwriter for Oingo Boingo was influenced by The Specials, Madness, Selecter, Devo, The Soft Boys and XTC, as well as British comedy rock band Alberto y Lost Trios Paranoias.
Some of his music
Elfmans has written music for dozens of movies, for video games and for me. Some of his famous works include:
Filmography
The Simpsons
Sesame Street
The Muppet Show
Space Jam: A New Legacy
Men in Black
Batman Returns
Good Will Hunting
Spider-Man
Dick Tracy
Beetlejuice
Sommersby
Batman
Corpse Bride
The Nightmare Before Christmas
Edward Scissorhands
Pee-Wee's Big Adventure
Sleepy Hollow
Big Fish
Frankenweenie
Justice League
The Grinch
Awards
Elfman has been nominated for many awards in the music and movie business.
Steve Morse

Steven J. "Steve" Morse is an American rock guitarist and songwriter. He was born on July 28, 1954 in Hamilton, Ohio. He began by starting the band Dixie Dregs in 1975. They played southern rock music. He is most famous for being the guitarist in the band Deep Purple. He was also a member of Kansas for a while. He has had a successful solo career.
He plays rock, country, classical and jazz fusion styles of music.
Antiquity

Antiquity may mean:
Generally it means "ancient history," and may be used for any historical period before the Middle Ages.
More specifically it means the classical antiquity of ancient Greece and Rome.
It may also be used for several periods of ancient history, like Ancient Egypt, Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak), ancient Mesopotamia or other early civilizations of the Near East. It is less commonly used for civilizations of the Far East.
The term, almost always in the plural in modern usage, is also used of antiquities, or archaeological or other objects surviving from ancient cultures.
Antiquity (journal) is a quarterly journal of archaeological research.
Antiquities (Magic: The Gathering) an expansion to the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game.
Hans Ooft

Hans Ooft (born 27 June 1947) is a former Dutch football player. He has played for Feijenoord Rotterdam.
M180 motorway

The M180 is a motorway in England. It connects the M18 with Scunthorpe (through the M181) and Grimsby (through the A180). The motorway first opened in 1977. It is about long.
Pat McCrory

Patrick Lloyd "Pat" McCrory (born October 17, 1956) is an American politician. He was the 74th Governor of North Carolina from 2013 to 2017. He served a record 14 years as the 53rd Mayor of Charlotte from 1995 to 2009, and as a city councilman from 1989 to 1995. In 2016, McCroy lost his re-election bid to Democrat Roy Cooper.
In April 2021, McCrory announced his candidacy for the United States Senate in the 2022 election to replace retiring Republican Senator Richard Burr. He lost the Republic nomination to Ted Budd in May 2022.
Utility cycling

Utility cycling encompasses any cycling done simply as a means of transport rather than as a sport or leisure activity. It is the original and most common type of cycling in the world.
Utility or "transport" cycling generally involves travelling short and medium distances (several kilometres, not uncommonly 3-15 kilometers one way, or somewhat longer), often in an urban environment. It includes commuting for example going to work, school or university, going shopping and running errands, as well as heading out to see friends and family or for other social activities.
Coppergate Helmet

The Coppergate Helmet (or York Helmet) is an eighth-century Anglo-Saxon helmet found in York. It was discovered in May 1982.
The helmet is one of six Anglo-Saxon helmets which have survived to the present day. It is by far the best preserved. It is similar to the helmet found in Wollaston, Northamptonshire. Other helmets--from Benty Grange, Sutton Hoo, Shorwell, and Staffordshire--are also similar.
These "crested helmets" were used in England and Scandinavia from the sixth to eleventh centuries. This helmet is now in the collections of the Yorkshire Museum.
List of British Rail power classifications

The British Transport Commission, later British Railways, used engine power output to categorise its new main line diesel locomotive fleet following the 1955 modernisation plan. These categories were from Type 1 to Type 5 and are listed below.
Songwriter

A songwriter is a writer who creates songs. A songwriter generally writes songs for popular music, rather than art songs or classical music. Many songwriters are also singers, and perform the songs they write - they are called singer-songwriters. Other songwriters have their songs performed by other singers.
History
The history of writing songs is thousands of years old. Scholars believe that men and women may have created and sung songs even at the time of prehistory. Many modern bands have one or two members who write songs for the band. Others have more members contribute songs, or give the whole band credit for writing. Others perform songs by outside writers.
Roberto Donadoni

Roberto Donadoni (born 9 September 1963) is a former Italian football player. He has played for the Italy national team.
Dave Eggers

Dave Eggers (born March 12, 1970) is an American writer, editor, and publisher. He wrote the best-selling memoir A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius.
Eggers is also the founder of McSweeney's, a co-founder of the literacy project 826 Valencia and the human rights nonprofit Voice of Witness, and the founder of ScholarMatch.
Bolognetta

Bolognetta is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Palermo in the Italian region of Sicily.
RCA

RCA Corporation, originally the Radio Corporation of America, was an American electronics company. It was in existence from 1919 to 1986. The RCA trademark is used by Sony Music Entertainment and Talisman Brands, which licenses the name to other companies, among them Voxx International, Alco Electronics, Curtis International and TCL Corporation.
History
After World War I began in August 1914, the western Allies cut the German transatlantic telegraph cables. This caused a tremendous increase in radio traffic across the Atlantic Ocean. The General Electric corporation bought the stock of the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America in 1919. With this they formed the Radio Corporation of America (RCA). In 1926, RCA created the first nationwide broadcast network, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). After the golden age of radio had passed, RCA began to decline. In 1982 they ended most of their public affairs programs. Finally, in 1986, General Electric bought back RCA, along with NBC, for $6.28 million. In 1988, General Electric sold the right to use its brand on consumer electronics, as well as various assets of RCA, excluding NBC, to Thomson.
Sebastian Brant

Sebastian Brant (or Brandt) (1458 - 10 May 1521) was a German humanist and satirist. He was also professor of jurisprudence in University of Basel. His moral satire Das Narrenschiff (Ship of Fools) published in 1494 made him popular German humanist.
Indigenous Australians

Indigenous Australians are the native people of Australia. They include the Aboriginal Australians as well as Torres Strait Islanders, and are often known together as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
In the past, Indigenous Australians used weapons like boomerangs sticks and spears to kill animals for food. It is unknown where they came from and how they appeared in Australia. It is estimated they first arrived in their homeland between 50,000 and 65,000 years BP. Aboriginal people have their own type of art.
Many indigenous Australians suffered when Europeans from Britain and Ireland arrived in Australia. Disease and the loss of their hunting lands are two of the reasons.
History of Aboriginal Australia
The first people of Australia were nomadic people who came to Australia from southeast Asia. Scientists do not know exactly when they arrived but it is at least 60,000 years ago. They were hunter-gatherers.
When the British came to Australia in 1788, they called these native people "aboriginals", meaning people who had lived there since the earliest times.
There are now about 650,000 Aboriginal people living in Australia.
Dreamtime
Aboriginal Australians believe that they have animal, plant, and human ancestors who created the world and everything in it. This process of creation is called Dreamtime. There are many songs and stories about Dreamtime, which generations of Aboriginal people have passed down to their children.
Art
The modern-day art of the Aboriginal Australians is mostly based on old stories about Dreamtime. Paintings of the people, spirits, and animals of Dreamtime cover sacred cliffs and rocks in tribal territories. Some of the pictures are made in red and yellow ochre and white clay, others have been carved into the rocks. Many are thousands of years old.
Boomerangs
The typical boomerang is designed to be self-returning, but it has to be properly thrown. Modern computer-designed boomerangs may have three or four wings instead of the traditional two.
Boomerangs have been discovered in cultures with no connection with Australia (such as ancient Egypt), so their design was presumably mutually independent. Boomerangs are one of a group of weapons known as "throwsticks".
Land claims
When British people came to live in Australia, they decided that the land was empty: that nobody "owned" the land, in the way Europeans used that word. This was called "terra nullius", Latin words for "empty land".
In 1976, the Australian government agreed that Aboriginal people have rights to the land where their tribes were originally located and gained the right to use the land. On 3 June, 1992, the High Court of Australia said that the idea of terra nullius was wrong, and the government brought in new laws, to set up Native Title. If Aboriginal people can prove they have always used particular land, it has not been sold, or changed by government acts, then the land could be claimed as Aboriginal land.
Steve Adubato Sr.

Stephen N. Adubato Sr. (December 24, 1932 - October 13, 2020) was an American politician and teacher. He was born in Newark, New Jersey.
In 1962, Adubato ran for office as a Democratic District Leader in Newark's North Ward, to which he was elected. In 1968 he was elected as North Ward Democratic party chairman.
He was one the executive board of the Newark Teachers' Union and worked as their legislative representative.
Adubato Sr. died on October 13, 2020 in Newark at the age of 87.
Anupriya Kapoor

Anupriya Kapoor is an Indian television Actress from Delhi. She known for her role as Taani Bannerjee in Tere Liye.
Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)

"Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)" is a single by Lady Gaga. It appeared on Gaga's debut album The Fame and was released as a single on January 10, 2009. Its music video references Gaga's Italian heritage. Though the single did not chart in the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America certified the song gold on February 29, 2016, for shipments and streams equal to 500,000 copies there. "Eh, Eh" charted in the top ten in France, New Zealand and Sweden.
2008 songs
Lady Gaga songs
Pop songs
Quranism

Quranism (; al-Qur'aniyya) is the belief that the Quran is the only source for Islam. Followers of the group are called Quranist Muslims, or Quran alone Muslims or Quraniyoon. Quranists reject the Hadiths as they believe that the Hadith literature which exists today is apocryphal, as it had been written three centuries after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad; thus, it cannot have the same status as the Quran.
Roland Daggett

Roland Daggett is a fictional Batman character who owns Daggett Industries a rival of Bruce Wayne. He had created Clayface the way he is and had tried to corrupt Wayne Enterprises. He uses his medicine company to try to take control over animals of the people of Gotham from mind-control.
He was voiced by Ed Asner in Batman: The Animated Series. He was played by Ben Mendelsohn as John Daggett in The Dark Knight Rises.
Mian Family of Baghbanpura

The Mian Arain family of Baghbanpura is an old family of Lahore, now in Pakistan. They used to live in the Baghbanpura neighborhood of Lahore. They were the official caretakers of the Shalimar Gardens Lahore during the time of the Mughal Empire and were later made into court nobles by the Mughals.
The family has produced many famous people who played an important role in the social, cultural and political life of Lahore city.
Villadossola

Villadossola (Piedmontese: Vila d'Ossola) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont.
Villadossola borders the following municipalities: Beura-Cardezza, Domodossola, Montescheno, Pallanzeno, Seppiana.
Jean Beaudin

Jean Beaudin (6 February 1939 - 18 May 2019) was a Canadian movie director and screenwriter. He directed 20 movies, including French-language movies J.A. Martin Photographer (1977), The Alley Cat (1985), Being at Home with Claude (1992) and The Collector (2002). He was born in Montreal, Quebec. Beaudin's partner of more than 20 years was actress Domini Blythe (1947-2010).
Beaudin died on 18 May 2019, at the age of 80.
Mustafa Badreddine

Mustafa Badreddine, (; 6 April 1961 - c. 12 May 2016), also known as Mustafa Badr Al Din, Mustafa Amine Badreddine, Mustafa Youssef Badreddine, Sami Issa and Elias Fouad Saab, was a Lebanese military leader. He was a member of Hezbollah. He both the cousin and brother-in-law of late Imad Mugniyah. He was nicknamed Dhu al-Fiqar.
Badreddine escaped from the prison in 1990 during the invasion of Kuwait or the Iraqis released the imprisoned Badreddine and the others.
On 12 May 2016, it was said that Badreddine had been killed by an explosion causes by an airstrike near the Damascus International Airport. The cause and timing of which is unclear.
John Charles Haines

John Charles Haines (May 26, 1818 - July 4, 1896) served as mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1858-1860) for the Democratic Party.
Haines was born on May 26, 1818 in Deerfield, New York. Haines died on July 4, 1896 in Waukegan, Illinois, aged 78.
Sandro Lopopolo

Sandro Lopopolo (18 December 1939 - 26 April 2014) was an Italian light welterweight boxer who was born in Milan. Lopopolo won the silver medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. He fought as a professional from 1961 to 1973. Lopopolo held the light welterweight titles from Italy, Europe and the World at times during his career. When Lopopolo retired from boxing he had a record of 58 wins (20 KOs), 10 losses and 7 draws. Lopopolo died after a long respiratory illness on 26 April 2014 in Milan. He was 74.
Princess Elizabeth of Great Britain

Princess Elizabeth (Elizabeth Caroline; 10 January 1741 - 4 September 1759) was a member of the British Royal Family, a grandchild of George II and sister of George III.
Keith Pontin

Keith Pontin (14 June 1956 - 2 August 2020) was a Welsh professional footballer who played as a central defender.
Pontin began his career with Cardiff City. He made nearly 200 league appearances and earning two caps for the Welsh national team. He later played for Merthyr Tydfil and Barry Town.
At the age of 59, Pontin was diagnosed with dementia.
Pontin died on 2 August 2020, aged 64.
Benno Pludra

Benno Pludra (October 1, 1925 - August 27, 2014) was a German children's author. He was born in Muckenberg, now Lauchhammer-West.
Pludra wrote narratives and novels for children and teenagers. His books in total sold more than five million times, which made him one of the most successful authors of East Germany. Some of his books have been made into movies.
Pludra died in Potsdam, Germany, aged 88.
Argemone

An argemone or prickly poppy is a plant used for decoration. It is related to the poppy. The plant is common in the Americas.
The Lost World

The Lost World is a book written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in the year 1912. In it, Professor Challenger and his companions travel to find a large plateau in South America where dinosaurs still live. After a long journey they find the plateau, and witness not only dinosaurs, but two tribes - an ancient Native American people and ape-men who resemble the missing link.
After many adventures, they return to London and attempt to describe their adventures to a disbelieving public.
The Story of Nampoo

The Story of Nampoo () is a 1984 Thai drama movie directed by Euthana Mukdasanit and based on the novel of the same name (known in Thai as ) by Suwanni Sukhontha. It stars Rewat Buddhinan, Amphol Lumpoon, Patravadi Sritrairat.