kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
George Enescu

George Enescu (August 19, 1881, Liveni - May 4, 1955, Paris) was a Romanian composer. He was born in Liveni, Romania. He studied the violin at the Vienna Conservatory. He moved to Paris in 1895 to study composition at the Paris Conservatoire with Jules Massenet and then Gabriel Faure. Other students at this time were Maurice Ravel and Charles Koechlin.
In 1927 he taught the violin to Yehudi Menuhin.
Miracle (Chvrches song)

"Miracle" is a 2018 song by the Scottish synth-pop band Chvrches. It is the fourth single from their third studio album Love Is Dead which was released in 2018.
Renieblas

Renieblas is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Uffe Ellemann-Jensen

Uffe Ellemann-Jensen (, informal: (1 November 1941 - 18 June 2022) was a Danish politician. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1993. He was leader of the Danish Liberal Party Venstre from 1984 to 1998 and President of the European Liberals from 1995 to 2000. Ellemann-Jensen was born in Haarby, Denmark.
Ellemann-Jensen was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2011 and in 2019, the cancer metastasized to his spine. He died on 19 June 2022 from the disease in Copenhagen, Denmark at the age of 80.
Jondachi tree frog

The Jondachi tree frog (Hyloscirtus staufferorum) is a frog. It lives in Ecuador. Scientists have seen it between 2040 and 2500 meters above sea level.
Rudi Hoffmann

Rudi Hoffmann (born 11 February, 1935) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
Muriel Pavlow

Muriel Lilian Pavlow (27 June 1921 - 19 January 2019) was an English actress. Her mother was French and her father was Russian.
Career
Pavlow began work as a child actress with John Gielgud and the Royal Shakespeare Company in the 1930s.
Pavlow's roles include the Maltese girl Maria in Malta Story (1953), where she played alongside Alec Guinness; Joy, the girlfriend of Simon Sparrow, in Doctor in the House (1954); Thelma Bader, the wife of the Second World War fighter pilot Douglas Bader (played by fellow Doctor in the House cast member Kenneth More) in Reach for the Sky (1956); and the daughter of an irascible curmudgeon (played by fellow Doctor in the House cast member, James Robertson Justice) in Murder, She Said (1961).
Pavlow retired in 2009.
Personal life
Pavlow was born in Lewisham, East London, England. She was married to the actor Derek Farr from 1947 until his death in 1986. She died on 19 January 2019 at the age of 97.
Shipai metro station

Shipai is a metro station on the Tamsui-Xinyi Line in Taipei, Taiwan. The station code is R19.
Station layout information
The station platforms are above ground level. Platform 1 is for Tamsui or Beitou and Platform 2 is for Xiangshan or Daan.
Little River, California

Little River (also known as Littleriver, Bell's Harbor, and Kent's Landing) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mendocino County, California.
Qinling Mountains

The Qinling Mountains (Traditional Chinese: Qin Ling , Simplified Chinese: Qin Ling ) are a major mountain range. Most of them are in the Eastern province of Shaanxi, in China. The mountains provide a natural boundary between the North and South of the country. They support a large variety of plants and wildlife, some of which is found nowhere else on Earth.
Carbon-12

Carbon-12 (also written 12C) is an isotope of carbon. It is the most common isotope of carbon, as 98.89% of all carbon is this type of carbon. It is one of two stable (non-radioactive) isotopes of carbon. The other is carbon-13.
Carbon-12 is important in chemistry as it is the benchmark from which all other relative atomic masses are worked out. Its relative atomic mass is exactly 12.
Gordon Forbes

Gordon Forbes (21 February 1934 - 9 December 2020) was a South African professional tennis player and author. During the 1950s and 1960s, he was the doubles partner of countryman Abe Segal. He was born in Burgersdorp, Cape Province. Forbes won the singles title of the South African Championships in 1959 and 1961 and was runner-up in 1955, 1962, 1963 and 1964.
He played for the South African Davis Cup team in 14 ties in the period 1955 to 1963 and had a record of 20 wins and 11 losses.
Forbes died of COVID-19 on 9 December 2020 in Plettenberg Bay, Cape Province at the age of 86.
Primo Levi

Primo Levi (31 July 1919 - 11 April 1987) was an Italian Jewish chemist and writer. He was the author of two novels and many short stories, poems and essays. His best-known book is If This Is a Man, a true story about his time as a prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.
Levi was an atheist and born in Turin.
Bruno N'Gotty

Bruno N'Gotty (born 10 June 1971) is a French football player. He has played for France national team.
Wunsiedel (district)

Wunsiedel () is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany.
The district is in the mountains of the Fichtelgebirge, with the highest elevation the 1051 m high Schneeberg. The river Ohre () starts in the district.
Fridtjof Nansen

Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (10 October 1861 - 13 May 1930) was a Norwegian explorer, historian, scientist, diplomat, humanitarian and a Nobel Peace Prize winner. From 1922 to 1927, Nansen was the League of Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
Career
In his youth a champion skier and ice skater, he led the team that made the first crossing of the Greenland interior in 1888, and won international fame after reaching a record northern latitude of 86deg14' during his North Pole expedition of 1893-96. Although he retired from exploration after his return to Norway, his techniques of polar travel and his innovations in equipment and clothing influenced a generation of subsequent Arctic and Antarctic expeditions.
Nansen studied zoology at the Royal Frederick University, and later worked as a curator at the Bergen Museum where his research on the central nervous system of lower marine creatures earned him a doctorate and helped establish modern theories of neurology. After 1896 his main scientific interest switched to oceanography; in the course of his research he made many scientific cruises, mainly in the North Atlantic, and contributed to the development of modern oceanographic equipment. As one of his country's leading citizens, in 1905 Nansen spoke out for the ending of Norway's union with Sweden, and was instrumental in persuading Prince Charles of Denmark to accept the throne of the newly independent Norway. Between 1906 and 1908 he served as the Norwegian representative in London, where he helped negotiate the Integrity Treaty that guaranteed Norway's independent status.
In the final decade of his life Nansen devoted himself primarily to the League of Nations, following his appointment in 1921 as the League's High Commissioner for Refugees. In 1922 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on behalf of the displaced victims of the First World War and related conflicts. Among the initiatives he introduced was the "Nansen passport" for stateless persons, a certificate recognised by more than 50 countries.
Death and honors
He worked on behalf of refugees until his sudden death from a heart attack in 1930, after which the League established the Nansen International Office for Refugees to ensure that his work continued. This office received the Nobel Peace Prize for 1938. Nansen was honoured by many nations, and his name is commemorated in numerous geographical features, particularly in the polar regions.
Further reading
Brogger, Waldemar Christofer and Rolfsen, Nordahl (translated by William Archer (1896)). Fridtiof Nansen 1861-1893. New York. Longmans Green & Co.
(First published in 1997 by Gerald Duckworth)
also available on Project Gutenberg
Hestmark, Geir (1991): Fridtjof Nansen and the Geology of the Arctic. Earth Sciences History 12: 168-212.
Hestmark, G. (1995): Fridtjof Nansen and the Spirit of Northern Wilderness. In: Vance G. Martin & Nicholas Tyler: Arctic Wilderness - The 5th World Wilderness Congress. North American Press, Golden, Colorado. pp. 113-117.
Hestmark, Geir (1999). Vitenskap og nasjon - Waldemar Christopher Brogger 1851-1905. Oslo, Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard). 890 pp.
Surauli Buzurg

Surauli Buzurg, is a village under Sumerpur block, Uttar Pradesh in India. It is near the bank of Yamuna river.
Education
The village has a primary school.
Boscobel House

Boscobel House is a house on the Shropshire/Staffordshire border, near Wolverhamptonand Albrighton, England. It was built around 1632 when landowner John Gifford of White Ladies Priory turned a farmhouse into a hunting lodge. Charles II famously hid in a tree at the Boscobel House to escape discovery by Parliamentary soldiers after the Battle of Worcester in 1651. The tree became known as the Royal Oak
42 days after the Battle of Worcester, Charles escaped to France on a coal ship called Surprise. Nine years later, Charles ll was invited back to England to become king. In 1660, he came back to England to be the king and Charles named that day "Oak apple day".
Songbird (Oasis song)

"Songbird" is a song by English rock band Oasis, from their fifth studio album Heathen Chemistry, and is the first single by Oasis written by vocalist Liam Gallagher.
Liam has said of the song: "I like beautiful things . . . It's not all dark in Liam World. I take me shades off every now and again and have a look at the world and see some nice things." Noel Gallagher stated jokingly in an interview with Patrick Kielty that Liam decided to "write a song about his bird", and states the title "Song . . . bird" in a cave man like manner. The song was written as a tribute to then-fiancee Nicole Appleton. "Songbird" was composed in the key of G major using common time at 132 beats per minute.
"Songbird blew my head off when I first heard it because it was that f--king simple and that direct. But when Liam plays you a song he wants you to instantly f--king drop dead on the spot and then, when you come around, stab yourself in the heart and be in awe of the f--king sonic ability of the man."
The song was released as the fourth single from the band's Heathen Chemistry album, on 3 February 2003 and peaked at number 3 in the UK charts. It is included on the band's compilation album Stop the Clocks. Being written by lead singer Liam Gallagher, it was the first time the band had released a single not written by his brother Noel. "(You've Got) The Heart of the Star" and "Columbia" are B-sides, the latter of which was recorded live at the Glasgow Barrowlands, in October 2001.
The demo of the song is a typical Oasis approach to the song, featuring overdriven guitar and a stronger beat, as well as a guitar solo. Courtney Love has said that she and Liam played a version with her whistling and Gallagher playing guitar and singing, this was noted in the book Kurt and Courtney: Talking. Gallagher played the song for UK Radio Aid in January 2005.
Lane County, Oregon

Lane County is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the county has a population of 382,971 people, making it the fourth-most populous county in Oregon. The county seat is Eugene.
Danilo Gomes

Danilo Gomes may refer to:
Danilo Gustavo Vergne Gomes (born 1981), Brazilian former football midfielder
Danilo Gomes Magalhaes (born 1999), Brazilian football attacking midfielder
Joey Bosa

Joseph Anthony Bosa (; born July 11, 1995) is an American football outside linebacker for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Ohio State and was selected third overall by the (then San Diego) Chargers in the 2016 NFL Draft, where he was named NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year. Bosa has since been seen as one of the best pass rushers in the NFL. He is the son of former NFL player John Bosa and the older brother of current NFL player Nick Bosa.
Ussel-d'Allier

Ussel-d'Allier is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
Cyclic redundancy check

A Cyclic redundancy check (often shortened to CRC) is a way to calculate a checksum, based on a polynomial. In computer science, CRCs are used to check that no errors occurred transmitting the data. The transmitted messages are divided into predetermined lengths which, used as dividends, are divided by a fixed divisor. The remainder of the calculation is appended onto and sent with the computer recalculates the remainder. If it does not match the transmitted remainder, an error is detected. At this point, the data is re-sent. Ethernet packets have a (CRC) code.
For example:
If 'm' is your message of 16 bits, and you are calculating a CRC of 8 bits (CRC-8), then let 'x' be message 'm' appended by 7 zeroes. Let 'y' be a "magic" number. Divide 'x' by 'y', until you obtain a remainder that is not divisible further. Take this remainder and subtract it from the "magic" number 'y' and add this result to 'x' to obtain 'z'. 'z' is now a multiple of the "magic" number 'y' and dividing 'z' by 'y' will give a zero remainder. 'z' can now be transmitted to the receiver. The receiver will perform this division and check if the remainder is zero to confirm that there were no errors in transmission. The message can be recovered by simply reading the most significant 16 bits in the 24 bit transmission.
In real world systems, these long division operations are performed in hardware by bit-shifting and XORing, a feat which is trivial for digital electronics to perform at extremely high speeds.
Sourcery

Sourcery is a fantasy novel by Terry Pratchett and the fifth book in the Discworld series.
Villaurbana

Villaurbana (Biddobrana) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,643 people lived there. Its area is 58.7 km2. It is 110 meters above sea level.
Electoral divisions of the Northern Territory

There are currently 25 electoral divisions of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly.
List of rivers of Japan

These are the Rivers of Japan.
Hokkaido
There are 316 rivers in Hokkaido.
List of rivers in Hokkaido by length
The following table is a list of rivers of Hokkaido by length.
Willy Schmidt

Willy Schmidt (29 October 1926 - 15 May 2020) was a Dutch footballer. He was born in Alkmaar, North Holland. He played for FC Eindhoven from 1951 to 1956, AFC Ajax from 1956 to 1959 and for Fortuna Sittard from 1959 to 1960.
Schmidt died on 15 May 2020 in Almere, Flevoland at the age of 93.
Silvia Cartwright

Dame Silvia Rose Cartwright (nee Poulter, born 7 November 1943) is a New Zealand jurist who served as the 18th Governor-General of New Zealand, from 2001 to 2006.
Bob Godfrey

Roland Frederick "Bob" Godfrey (May 27, 1921 - February 21, 2013) was an English Academy Award-winning animator. He won the Academy Award and the BAFTA Award for his animated short movie Great in 1975.
Godfrey was born on May 27, 1921 in West Maitland, New South Wales, Australia to British parents. He was raised in Ilford, Essex. Godfrey studied at Leyton Art School. He was never married. Godfrey died on February 21, 2013 in England from natural causes, aged 91.
Manchukuo yuan

The Manchukuo yuan was the money used in the Empire of Manchukuo, from June 1932 until August 1945.
The Manchukuo yuan would buy 24 grams of silver. The yuan was instead of the Chinese tael. The tael was common and was in use in Manchuria. A tael would buy about 40 grams of silver.
History
The Manchukuo yuan would buy 24 grams of silver in 1932. The price of silver changed and the yuan would not buy 24 grams of silver. To show that the yuan had value it was made equal to Japanese money. The Japanese money was called the yen. In 1940 the Manchukuo yuan was being used to measure Manchukuo exports and imports to America, Germany and Japan.
The paper money was in five values in 1932. Each piece of paper money is called a note. There was a one hundred yuan note, a ten yuan note, a five yuan note, a one yuan note and a small value note. A new 1000 yuan note was made in 1944.
The paper money or notes had pictures of Chinese emperors printed on them. The money was first made in Japan. Later they were made by the Bank in the Manchukuo capital of Hsinking (Hsinking is now called Changchun).
The Yuan was subdivided into 10 chiao, 100 fen or 1000 li. Coins were made that were worth 5 li and bigger values. The largest value coin was 10 fen.
In 1944 and 1945, Manchukuo made coins of red or brown cardboard. These may be unique as to coining material, but they are not particularly scarce.
On January 1946 Manchukuo Yuan was replaced. The Chinese allowed people to swap 1 Manchukuo for a new type of money called a North-Eastern Yuan. In 1948 these new yuan could be swapped by a Gold Yuan. One Gold Yuan cost 150,000 North Eastern Yuans.
Hammerbeam roof

Hammerbeam roof is a type of wooden roof. It was used in the gothic architecture.
Kattumannarkoil taluk

Kattumannarkoil taluk is a taluk of Cuddalore district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Kattumannarkoil.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Kattumannarkoil had a population of 276,170 with 138,962 males and 137,208 females. There were 987 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 70%. The children population is 14,000.
Benevolent dictatorship

A benevolent dictatorship is a government that has a leader considered by some as a dictator but has the support of the people, unlike a malevolent dictator who only focuses on them selves, their government and their supporters. In benevolent dictatorships, there is some freedom of speech and democracy.
Stand by Me Doraemon

Stand by Me Doraemon is a 2014 Japanese 3D animated movie. This movie also known as Doraemon 3D. It is based on the popular manga and anime series Doraemon. The movie was released in Japan on 8 August 2014.
2023 FIFA Women's World Cup Group A

In the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup, Group A is a part of the tournament where teams compete against each other. It will happen from July 20th to July 30th, 2023. The teams in this group are New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, and Switzerland. The two best teams from this group will move on to the next round, called the round of 16.
Teams
Notes
Standings
Matches
All times listed are local, NZST (UTC+12).
New Zealand vs Norway
Philippines vs Switzerland
New Zealand vs Philippines
This was only the second ever win for a Southeast Asian country (excluding Australia which geographically is not in Southeast Asia) at a senior World Cup (male or female) and the first since Thailand beat Ivory Coast in the 2015 Women's World Cup.
Ardenay-sur-Mérize

Ardenay-sur-Merize is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Murad III

Murad III (; ; 4 July 1546 - 16 January 1595) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death in 1595. His rule saw battles with the Habsburgs and exhausting wars with the Safavids. The long-independent Morocco was at a time made a vassal of the empire but they would regain independence in 1582. His reign also saw the empire's expanding influence on the eastern coast of Africa. However, the empire would be beset by increasing corruption and inflation from the New World which led to unrest among the Janissary and commoners. Relations with Elizabethan England were cemented during his reign as both had a common enemy in the Spanish. He was a great patron in the arts where he commissioned the Siyer-i-Peygamber depicting the life of the prophet Muhammad and other illustrated manuscripts. He fought many battles with against the Holy Roman Empire trying to capture more fortresses in Hungary and leading raids into Croatia.
Nurlan Balgimbayev

Nurlan Utebovich Balgimbayev (20 November 1947 - 14 October 2015) was the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 10 October 1997 to 1 October 1999. He was the President of the Kazakhstan Oil Investment Company from February 2002.
On 14 October 2015, Balgimbayev died in Atyrau at the age of 68 of cancer.
Mombasa

Mombasa is the second largest city in Kenya; about 1.3 million people live there. It is a major port city, and has an international airport.
Mombasa has a tropical savanna climate (As in the Koppen climate classification). Mombasa is a tourism-based city.
Geography
Mombasa is a coastal town with flat topography. The town of Mombasa is centred on Mombasa Island, but extends to the mainland. The island is separated from the mainland by two creeks.
Demography
Mombasa city has a population of 1,208,333 in 2019.
Mombasa has a cosmopolitan population, with the Swahili people and Mijikenda predominant. Other communities include the Akamba and Taita Bantus as well as a significant population of Luo and Luhya peoples from Western Kenya. The major religions practised in the city are Islam, Christianity and Hinduism. Over the centuries, many immigrants and traders have settled in Mombasa, particularly from the Middle East, Somalia, and India.
Economy
Mombasa is a centre of coastal tourism in Kenya. Many people visit the Old Town and Fort Jesus.
Mombasa is a major trade centre and home of large seaport. The Kenyan Dock Worker's Union is in Mombasa and has 5,000 members. Other local industries include an oil refinery with a capacity of a day, and a cement factory capable of producing over 1.1 million tons per year.
Transport
Moi International Airport serves the city of Mombasa. Flights to Nairobi and other Kenyan, European and Middle Eastern destinations depart from the airport each day.
Mombasa currently has a modern railway station that replaced the century-old station built by the British. Kenya Railways transports passengers and cargo between Nairobi to Mombasa. The journey takes approximately five hours between the two cities.
Mombasa's port is the largest in East Africa, with two oil terminals.
In popular culture
In the film Out of Africa, Mombasa is the train destination as the seaport for voyages to Europe via the Suez Canal.
One-Way Ticket to Mombasa (Menolippu Mombasaan) is a 2002 Finnish film directed by Hannu Tuomainen.
In the Indian movie Mr. India, Mombasa is mentioned in the popular song "Hawa Hawaii".
Mombasa is featured in the 2010 movie, Inception, where Cobb meets Eames and Yusuf before the job takes place.
Most of the events in the 2017 story "Consummation in Mombasa" (by Andrei Gusev) take place in Mombasa and in the nearest district Mtwapa.
In the US, the Walt Disney World resort recreated a Kenyan village in the Africa section of the Disney's Animal Kingdom theme park named "Harambe", which is modelled after Mombasa. The village features a store called the "Mombasa Marketplace".
Argentinosaurus

Argentinosaurus was a titanosaurid sauropod dinosaur. It was an enormous, long-necked, long-tailed, quadrupedal, plant-eater from Argentina, South America during the Cretaceous period.
Argentinosaurus meaning "Argentina lizard", was named by paleontologists Coria & Jose Bonaparte in 1993. It is known from fossilized back vertebrae, tibia, ribs and sacrum, found in Neuquen Province. It may be the largest dinosaur, but its remains are so incomplete that palaeontologists prefer to use Saltasaurus for their calculations. An accurate estimate was got for the much more complete sub-adult Dreadnoughtus.
Rough estimates
The following shows the disagreement on estimates of size:
Thomas Holtz: 120 feet (36.6 meters)?
Mickey Mortimer: 2226 meters.
Victory (1938 movie)

Victory () is a 1938 Soviet drama movie directed by Mikhail Doller and Vsevolod Pudovkin. It stars Yekaterina Korchagina-Aleksandrovskaya, Vladimir Solovyov, and S. Ostroumov.
Julio Scherer García

Julio Scherer Garcia (7 April 1926 - 7 January 2015) was a Mexican author and journalist. He was the editor of the Mexican newspaper Excelsior from 1968 to 1976. He also was the founder of the news magazine Proceso.
Garcia died in Mexico City from septic shock, aged 88.
Downbound Train

"Downbound Train" is a 1984 song by Bruce Springsteen and is the fifth track from his seventh studio album Born in the U.S.A.. It was never released as a single and has become a mainstay on classic rock radio stations. Overall the song has been played at concerts over 130 times since 2008.
Yusuke Tanaka

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is a Japanese athlete and sportsperson. He is best known as a gymnast.
Career
Tanaka was part of a team which won the team silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
LAPA Flight 3142

LAPA Flight 3142 was a domestic scheduled passenger flight operated by a Boeing 737-204C registration LV-WRZ. On August 31, 1999, it caused the fourth most serious accident in the history of Argentine aviation. 65 people were killed.
Background
It was to leave from the Jorge Newbery Airport in the city of Buenos Aires at 8:36 p.m. on that day. It was bound for the Ingeniero Taravella Airport in the city of Cordoba. They were carrying 98 passengers and 5 crew members. Due to some inconveniences in engine no. 1, 4 take-off positions were lost while the mechanics checked it and finally it was located at the head of the runway.
At 8:54 p.m. (local time), during the takeoff operation, the aircraft did not take off and continued its flight beyond the limits of the airport. It crossed the "Avenida Costanera Rafael Obligado" Street. The plane dragged a car that was circulating. It finally collided with road machines, an embankment and a gas regulating plant. The loss of fuel and the gas expelled by the rupture of the plant caused a fire that killed most of the passengers who had survived the crash.
Investigation
The Argentinean Civil Aviation Accident Investigation Board (JIAAC) established that the "immediate cause" of the accident was the pilot Gustavo Weigel's failure to extend the flaps to increase the aircraft's lift. In addition, the alarm that alerted about the wrong position of the flaps were ignored for 52 seconds. The pilots continued to taxi, and let the aircraft exceed V1 speed or decision speed, which once reached made it impossible to stop the takeoff.
The report found that there was serious negligence on the part of the captain Gustavo Weigel and first officer Luis Etcheverry, who died in the accident, as well as a series of shortcomings on the part of the airline.
Hindu–Arabic numeral system

The Hindu-Arabic numeral system, sometimes known as Arabic number system, is the system of Latin-script numbers used by almost all the world today. It is a positional notation system. This system has ten basic symbols, they are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. It represent numbers in the decimal number system. The Hindu-Arabic numeral system was first developed by the Hindu and Arabs. Later in the 16th century in Germany, it was changed and introduced to the rest of the western world by Albrecht Durer. The Hindu-Arabic numeral system is one of the few numeral systems that use a place value system. This system is now commonly used all over the world.
They originated in India in the 6th or 7th century and were introduced to Europe through the writings of Middle Eastern mathematicians, especially al-Khwarizmi and al-Kindi, about the 12th century. They are very different from previous methods of counting, such as the abacus, and paved the way for the development of algebra. In the past many other systems were used. Fibonacci popularized the Hindu-Arabic numeral system to the western world.
Burette

A burette is a vertical tube-like instrument, used to measure and separate known amounts of liquids in laboratories. Burettes are very precise and one can measure the volume of a fluid with the precision of +-0.05 mL with them.
History
Francois Antoine Henri Descroizilles developed the first burette on 1791. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac invented a more complete burette later.
Bali (TV series)

Bali is an animated television series, based on a series of French children's books by Magdalena Richard and Laurent Richard that were published by Editions Flammarion. It was produced by Paris-based PlanetNemo Animation and Subsequence Entertainment, in association with CBC Radio-Canada, TVOntario, Knowledge Network, France 5, Disney Channel France and RTBF, and with the participation of the Shaw Rocket Fund, the Quebec Film and Television Tax Credit, Telefilm Canada, the Canadian Film or Video Production Tax Credit, and the Canadian Television Fund (or the Fonds canadien de television in French). PlanetNemo Animation has licensed the television program to more than 20 countries worldwide and has sold U.S. media and merchandising rights.
Characters
Bali
Bali's Dad
Bali's Mom
Lea
Madame Olga
Maman
Nanou
Tito
Tamara
Sacha
Charlie
Suan
Saba
Mateo
Episodes
Brrr! It's Cold!/Lollipops Everywhere!
I Need A Haircut/Nanou To The Rescue
I'm Not Scared/I Need To Keep Going
I'm the Cook/Go Team, Go!
I Want To Be Tall!/We Need to Stay Awake
Vroom, Vroom!/My Little Fish
Searching for Treasure/My Papili's Garden
A Present for Nana/I'm So Hot!
I Don't Want to Give it Back/Robo-Bear to the Rescue!
I'm Sleeping at Tamara's/I Don't Want New Shoes
A Surprise Adventure/Roll Camera, Action!
It's Wrong to Cheat/Too Many Stories
I'm Not Sharing!/You're Mean
My New Friend Mateo/Come on, Dad, Let's Go, Let's Go!
Splish, Splash, I'm Swimming!/Don't Cry, Tamara!
I'm So Upset/Oh No! I'm Lost
Look at That, and That, and That!/When I Grow Up
Welcome, Saba!/It Was an Accident!
What a Mess!/But We're Not Tired
Boo!/Quiet, Dad and Lea are Sick!
I Don't Like Parents Arguing/"Ow, It Hurts!
Nana and Papi are Lost!/I Want to Race
Old Toys Are Fun!/Yum Yum, It's Dinner Time!
It's A Fun Party!/I'm Not Having Fun
I'm Making New Friends/Wow! It's Not So Easy!
Nooo, I Want To See The Movie!/Yahoo! It's Christmas!
Arab slave trade

Arab slave trade refers to the practice of slavery in the Arab world. It took place mainly in Western Asia, North Africa, Southeast Africa, the Horn of Africa. It also included parts of Europe (such as Iberia and Sicily), beginning during the era of the Muslim conquests and continuing into the 20th century.
The Arab slave trade was conducted through slave markets in the Middle East, North Africa and the Horn of Africa. Most of the slaves were from Africa's interior.
Historians estimate that between 650 AD and the 1960s, 10 million to 18 million people were enslaved by Arab slave traders. They were taken from Europe, Asia and Africa across the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Sahara desert.
History
One of the oldest slave trades in history was the Arab trade of Zanj (Bantu) slaves in Southeast Africa. This trade began 700 years before the European Atlantic slave trade. Men taken as slaves were often used as servants, soldiers, or workers. Women and children were mainly used as servants and concubines.
Most male slaves were castrated. It is estimated that as many as 6 out of every 10 boys bled to death during this process. Even so, castrating slaves was worthwhile because eunuchs sold for high prices. Over time, the Arab slave trade shifted to concentrate more on women and young girls for sexual purposes. This was different than the later Atlantic slave trade, which concentrated on enslaving men for labor.
Modern slavery in Africa
In Mauritania slavery was abolished legally in 1980. But Muslim Berbers still own an estimated 90,000 African slaves. This is despite the fact that African Mauritanians converted to Islam over a hundred years ago and the Qur'an does not allow Muslims to enslave other Muslims. Slaves are used for farm labor, concubines and domestic servants. The children remain the property of their masters. They can be bought, sold, or exchanged for trucks, camels or guns.
Slavery in Sudan is active again with the Muslim north waging war against Animists and Christians in the south. In these raids almost all slaves are taken from the tribes in the Nuba Mountains. Government sponsored Arab militias often kill the men and enslave women and children. Those taken slaves are forced to convert to Islam. Those that refuse are put to death. The trafficking in women and children in Western and Southern Africa violates the 1948 UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
President of Kazakhstan

The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the head of state, commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Republic of Kazakhstan. The presidency was created on 24 April 1990, a year before the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The first and, until March 2019, the only President of Kazakhstan was Nursultan Nazarbayev.
None of the presidential elections held in Kazakhstan have been considered free or fair by Western countries or international observers with issues noted including ballot tampering, multiple voting, harassment of opposition candidates and press censorship.
Freddy Adu

Freddy Adu (born June 2, 1989) is an American soccer player from Ghana. He plays for Aris Thessaloniki and the American national team.
Tenshō (Heian period)

was a after Daiji and before Chosho. This period started in January 1131 and ended in August 1132. The reigning emperor was .
Events of the Tensho Era
1131 (Tensho 1, 12th month): Fujiwara Yetada was promoted to the office of Minister of the Left (sadaijin); and Fujiwara no Munetada was given the office of Minister of the Center (nadaijin).
Related pages
Heian period
Laure Killing

Laure Killing (12 January 1959 - 18 November 2019) was a French actress and comedian. She appeared in more than fifty movies from 1986 until her death. In movies, she was known for her roles in Before the Winter Chill, The Teddy Bear, Love After Love, My Nights Are More Beautiful Than Your Days and Beyond Therapy.
Killing died on 18 November 2019 of cancer at the age of 60.
Sol Tolchinsky

Sol Tolchinsky (January 2, 1929 - December 1, 2020) was a Canadian basketball player. He competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. Tolchinsky was part of the Canadian basketball team, which finished ninth in the Olympic tournament.
Tochinsky died of COVID-19 in Montreal on December 1, 2020 at the age of 91.
Copa América

Copa America (English: America Cup; previously called the South American Championship or South American Championship of Nations) is a tournament that has the teams from CONMEBOL (South America). It was founded in 1916, and it is the oldest tournament that only has teams from a certain continent.
The Copa America is one of the most watched sporting events in the world. The winner of the tournament goes to the FIFA Confederations Cup.
The current format has 10 South American teams and two other teams from other FIFA federations in each tournament. The most successful teams have been Uruguay and Argentina, with 15 titles. Argentina won the last tournament.
Lew Soloff

Lewis Michael Soloff (February 20, 1944 - March 8, 2015) was an American jazz trumpeter, composer and actor. Soloff was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He studied trumpet at the Eastman School of Music and the Juilliard School.
He worked with Blood, Sweat & Tears from 1968 until 1973. Prior to this, he worked with Machito, Gil Evans, Tony Scott, Maynard Ferguson and Tito Puente.
He died of a heart attack in New York City.
Eugene McCarthy

Eugene Joseph "Gene" McCarthy (March 29, 1916 - December 10, 2005) was a United States senator from Minnesota. He ran for President of the United States five times. He died from Parkinson's disease.
Jamie Campbell Bower

James Metcalfe Campbell Bower (born 22 November 1988) is an English actor, singer, and model. He is best known for his roles as Anthony Hope in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Caius in The Twilight Saga, the young Gellert Grindelwald in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1 and Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald.
Greene County, Alabama

Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,730; it was the least populous county in Alabama. The county seat is Eutaw. It was named in honor of Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island. In the 2010 census, the county's population was 81.5% African-American.
Geng Tan

Geng Tan (; born 1963) is a Canadian politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) as part of the Liberal Party between 2015 and 2019. He represents the riding of Don Valley North in Ontario. He is the first MP from Mainland China in the Parliament of Canada.
1936 North American heat wave

The 1936 North American heat wave was the most severe heat wave in United States history. It happened in the middle of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl of the 1930s.
The heat wave began in late June. It created great human suffering. It also caused drought in the Midwest and Great Plains. The lack of moisture, along with heat, destroyed huge numbers of crops.
This heat wave set records in many states, including Iowa, Minnesota and Illinois. In some states, the 1936 records were not broken until 2012. In Ohio, the temperature reached , almost tying the 1934 temperature record there.
More than 5,000 people in the United States died from this heat wave.
The heat also affected Canada.
Andreas Möller

Andreas Moller (born 2 September 1967) is a former German football player for Germany national team.
E. M. Nathanson

Erwin "Mick" Nathanson (February 17, 1928 - April 5, 2016) was an American author. He was known as the author of the 1965 novel The Dirty Dozen. His book was made into a movie with the same name. He was born in The Bronx, New York.
Nathanson died at his home in Laguna Niguel, California from heart failure on April 5, 2016, aged 88.
Wahlern

Wahlern was a municipality in Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011, Wahlern and Albligen joined together to become the new municipality, Schwarzenburg.
Enchastrayes

Enchastrayes is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France. The Enciastraia mountain is in the commune.
Tony Hoare

Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare (Tony Hoare or C. A. R. Hoare, born 11 January 1934) is an English computer scientist. He is probably best known for the development of Quicksort. Quicksort is the world's most widely used sorting algorithm. He also developed Hoare logic. Hoare received the Turing Award in 1980 "for his fundamental contributions to the definition and design of programming languages".
Life
Hoare was born in Colombo, in Sri Lanka. He got his Bachelor's degree in Classics from the University of Oxford in 1956. He stayed in Oxford for one more year to study graduate-level statistics.
From 1956 to 1958, he served in the Royal Navy. He then studied computer translation of human languages at Moscow State University in the Soviet Union in the school of Andrey Nikolayevich Kolmogorov.
George IV

George IV (born as George Augustus Frederick on 12 August 1762, died on 26 June 1830) was king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death. The Regency, George's nine-year time as "Prince Regent", which started in 1811 and ended with George III's death in 1820, included winning the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. George IV's only daughter died before he did, so his younger brother became King William IV of the United Kingdom.
José Greci

Jose Greci (10 January 1941 - 1 June 2017) was an Italian movie, television and stage actress. She made her movie debut in 1959, playing the Virgin Mary in William Wyler's Ben-Hur.
Greci studied at Silvio D'Amico National Academy of Dramatic Art.
Greci died in Rome, Italy on 1 June 2017, aged 76.
Guitar World

Guitar World is a music magazine. A new issue is made every month. Articles in the magazine are usually about guitar players. The magazine has interviews, reviews, and information on how to play songs on guitar or bass guitar. The magazine started in July 1980. Johnny Winter was on the first front cover.
Henrietta Swan Levitt

Henrietta Swan Leavitt (; July 4, 1868 - December 12, 1921) was an American astronomer.
After she graduated from Radcliffe College, she worked at the Harvard College Observatory.
She examined photographic plates to measure and catalog the brightness of stars. She discovered the relation between the luminosity and the period of Cepheid variables.
This gave astronomers with the first "standard candle" to measure the distance to faraway galaxies.
She discovered the period-luminosity relationship for Cepheid variables. Her work allowed astronomers to measure distances up to about 20 million light years. As a result of this, it is now known that our own galaxy, the Milky Way, has a diameter of about 100,000 light years.
After Leavitt's death, Edwin Hubble established that the universe is expanding (see Hubble's law). He used Leavitt's period-luminosity relation, and the galactic spectral shifts first measured by Vesto Slipher at Lowell Observatory.
Kenji Wakai

Kenji Wakai (born 22 September 1974) is a former Japanese football player.
Australia's Next Top Model (season 4)

Australia's Next Top Model, Cycle 4 is the fourth cycle of Australia's Next Top Model. This cycle includes 13 contestants. The winner was 16-year-old Demelza Reveley from Wollongong.
Contestants
In order of elimination
Names are in order of elimination from the competition.
Ages during the filming of episode 1 except for Leiden and Alyce.
Leiden's age during the filming of episode 2, when she turned 19.
Alyce's age during the filming of episode 6, when she turned 18.
Euptoieta

Euptoieta is a genus of butterflies. Euptoieta belongs in the family Nymphalidae.
Indo-Pacific sergeant

The Indo-Pacific sergeant (Abudefduf vaigiensis) is a species of damselfish in the family Pomacentridae. It may also be known as the Sergeant major although this name is usually reserved for the closely related species Abudefduf saxatilis. The closely related Abudefduf caudobimaculatus was formerly thought to be the same as this species and, according to some authorities, is synonymous.
Distribution
The Indo-Pacific sergeant is found in the Indo-Pacific including the Red Sea. Indian Ocean populations are found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, Arabia, the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Sea, the Maldives, eastern Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, the Andaman Sea, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Australia. Populations in the Pacific Ocean are found in the Gulf of Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, the Yellow Sea, the Great Barrier Reef around Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific islands all the way to Hawaii. Likely introduced via Suez Canal in the Mediterranean Sea, where its distribution remains unclear due to possible confusion with Abudefduf saxatilis and Abudefduf troschelii.
Description
Abudefduf vaigiensis are white bluish with a yellow top. They have a black spot around their dorsal fin. It has yellow eyes. The dorsal fin on this fish has 13 dorsal spines and 11 to 14 dorsal soft rays. The anal fin on the Indo-Pacific sergeant has 2 anal spines and 11 to 13 anal soft rays. Its maximum recorded size is . Yong fish mature at . Males turn more blue during spawning. Many people confuse this fish for Abudefduf saxatilis, a closely related species found in the Atlantic Ocean.
Ecology
Diet
They feed on zooplankton, benthic algae, and small invertebrates.
Habitat
Adults live in coral reefs, tide pools, and rocky reefs. Larva of this species live in the open sea. It is found in tropical and subtropical waters. Depth ranges of are where people encounter this fish.
Behavior
These fish form large groups (aggregations). In the aggregations, individuals either feed in the midwater or tend their nests.
In the aquarium
This fish is found in the aquarium trade.
Hazards to humans
There have been reports of ciguatera poisoning from this fish.
Life Cycle
Early life
The larva hatch and drift out in to the pelagic zone. They drift in the waves and grow up until they go to a reef.
Breeding
Males turn more bluish during spawning. They build nests on rocks or coral ledges. Then, females lay their eggs in the nests and the male fertilizes them. Males guard and aerate the eggs until they hatch.
Stephen Heller

Stephen Heller () (15 May 181514 January 1888) was a Hungarian pianist, teacher and composer. Heller was an important figure for later Romantic composers.
David Speirs

David James Speirs is a Scottish-born Australian politician. He has served as the Leader of the Opposition in the South Australian House of Assembly and the leader of the South Australian Liberal Party since 2022. He was the member for Bright from 2014 until 2018, when he was elected to the seat of Black.
Riviera District

Riviera is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital city of the district is Biasca.
Circles and municipalities
Circle of Riviera: Osogna, Biasca, Cresciano, Claro, Iragna, Lodrino.
Robert Smith (cabinet)

Robert Smith (November 3, 1757 - November 26, 1842) was the second United States Secretary of the Navy from 1801 to 1809 and the sixth United States Secretary of State from 1809 to 1811. He was the brother of Senator Samuel Smith.
Linda Nochlin

Linda Nochlin (nee Weinberg; January 30, 1931 - October 29, 2017) was an American art historian and feminist. She was a Professor Emerita of Modern Art at New York University Institute of Fine Arts. She was also a essayist. A well known feminist art historian, she became well known for her pioneering 1971 article "Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?". She was born in New York City.
Nochlin studied at Vassar College, Columbia University and at New York University.
Nochlin was the co-curator of a number of landmark exhibitions exploring the history and achievements of female artists. Her works include "Global Feminisms" at the Brooklyn Museum and "Women Artists: 1550-1950" (with Ann Sutherland Harris) at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Nochlin died at age 86 on October 29, 2017.
John Ralston (American football)

John R. Ralston (April 26, 1927 -- September 14, 2019) was an American football player, coach, and sports executive. He was born in Oakland, California and raised in Norway, Michigan.
Ralston was the head football coach at Utah State University (1959-1962), Stanford University (1963-1971), and San Jose State University (1993-1996). He also coached the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL) from 1972 to 1976 and the Oakland Invaders of the United States Football League (USFL) in 1983.
Ralston was added into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1992.
Ralston died on September 14, 2019 in Sunnyvale, California at the age of 92.
Niederraunau

Niederraunau is a quarter of the town Krumbach in Gunzburg (district), Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.
Geography
Niederraunau (Elevation 518 m) is in the valley of the little river Kammel two kilometres south of Krumbach in the natural region Lower Iller-Lech Gravel Plateau. The hills between the valleys of Kammel and the neighboring valleys of Gunz and Mindel are covered with wood in parts. Niederraunau has a station at the Mittelschwaben Railway and it is at the Bundesstrasse 16.
Hamme

Hamme is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 23368 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 05 North, 04deg 08 East.
Lynn Morley Martin

Lynn Morley Martin (born Judith Lynn Morley; December 26, 1939) is an American politician and businesswoman. She is a Republican. She was the United States Secretary of Labor from 1991 to 1993. She also served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 16th congressional district from 1981 to 1991.
Martin was born in Evanston, Illinois. She had two children with her first husband John Martin. In 1987, she married judge Harry Leinenweber.
Styrian motorcycle Grand Prix

The Styrian motorcycle Grand Prix is a motorcycling event. It was introduced during the 2020 and 2021 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Greater Kashmir

Greater Kashmir is an English-language newspaper published in Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir. The newspaper started as a weekly newspaper in 1977. Since 1978, it is published daily. It is among the most widely read English-language newspapers in the territory.
Woburn Place

Woburn Place is a street in central London, England, named after Woburn Abbey. It is located in the Bloomsbury area of Camden.
Located to the north of the street is Tavistock Square and to the south-east of it is Russell Square. Past Tavistock Square the road becomes Upper Woburn Place until it reaches Euston Road. The British Medical Association building is located near Upper Woburn Place.
Buildings cost a lot in this area. For example, in 2005 a freehold office building at 19-29 Woburn Place (9,400 m2, 101,000 sq ft) was sold for PS22.6 million.
The nearest underground station is Russell Square to the south-east.
Anmol K.C.

Anmol K.C. () is a Nepali actor and producer. He rose to fame from his superhit Nepali Movies Hostel, Jerryy, Dreams, Gajalu and Kri. He is highest paid actor and listed as one of the top actor of Nepal.