kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
History of the Jews in Namibia

The history of the Jews in Namibia spans a little over 150 years. Non-existent in Namibia before the 19th century, Jews played an important if minor role in the history of Namibia since that point in time, despite the fact that their population was always small. The most famous Namibian Jew was "businessman, philanthropist and Jewish communal leader" Harold Pupkewitz (1915-2012).
History (19th century-1965)
In the mid-19th century, Jewish businessmen from Cape Town named the De Pass brothers became the first Jews in what is now Namibia when they established a trading post on the Nawaqualand Coast. The De Pass brothers began the Pomona Copper Company in Pomona, Namibia in 1861. After Namibia became a German colony in the late 19th century, more Jews came to Namibia for business, et cetera. However, under German rule, only about 100 Jews lived in Namibia, most of whom lived in Swakopmund. After the German defeat in World War I, the newly created League of Nations gave South Africa a mandate over Namibia. The Jewish population of Namibia (which had close relations with the Jews in South Africa) began increasing after this point, and there were 400 to 500 Jews living in Namibia (mostly in Windhoek) in 1965 (however, Jews were still less than one percent of the total White population in Namibia during this time).
History (1965-present)
Because the League of Nations mandate for Namibia was cancelled by the United Nations and the fact that Namibia became independent, the Jewish population in Namibia dramatically declined since 1965, with only 60 to 100 Jews living in Namibia today. In spite of this very low number of Jews, Windhoek "has a Hebrew congregation dating from 1917, a synagogue built in 1925, a Talmud Torah, a communal hall, an active Zionist movement supported by generous contributions, and the only Jewish minister in the territory." Other than at Windhoek, the only other place in Namibia today where Jews live in is Keetmanshoop, where about twelve Jewish families currently live.
Saint-André-d'Hébertot

Saint-Andre-d'Hebertot is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Makoto Sakurai (disambiguation)

Makoto Sakurai may refer to
Makoto Sakurai (Japanese writer) (Ying Jing Cheng ) an activist of Zaitokukai
Makoto Sakurai (Japanese drummer) (Ying Jing Cheng ) a member of Dragon Ash
Makoto Sakurai (Japanese mathematician) (Ying Jing Zhen )
Whataburger

Whataburger is a fast food restaurant that specifically makes hamburgers. It was founded in 1950 in the city of Corpus Christi, Texas. The restaurant chain was completely on portable stands until the first permanent store was built in 1961. Most Whataburger locations are open for all 24 hours in the day.
Sid Meier

Sid Meier (born at February 24, 1954 in Sarnia, Ontario) is an Canadian-American video game developer, most well known for his turn-based strategy games. He founded Microprose in 1982 with Bill Stealey. In 1996 he left Microprose and joined Firaxis Games.
Traikutika dynasty

The Traikutakas was a Abhira dynasty of Indian kings who ruled between 388 and 456. The name "Traikutakas" seems to be derived from the words for a three-peaked mountain ("Tri-kuta"). The Traikutakas are mentioned in Kalidasa's Raghuvamsa, in which they are located in the area of northern Konkan. The dominions of the Traikutakas further included Aparanta and northern Maharashtra.
The coins of the Traikutaras are found extensively in southern Gujarat, and southern Maharashtra beyond the Ghats. Their design is very close to that of the Western Satraps, from which they probably inherited some territories, and traces of the obverse legend with Greek letters can still be seen.
Traikuta rule of Aparanta or Konkan begins in A.D. 248 (Traikuta era) exactly the time of Abhira Ishwarsena rule, hence Traikutas are identified with the dynasty of Abhiras.
The Traikutakas reckoned in a specific era, known as the Traikutaka era, or usually the Kalachuri or Chedi era, starting in 249.
Yanka Kupala

Yanka Kupala ( - June 28, 1942) was the pen name of Ivan Daminikavich Lutsevich. He was a Belarusian poet and writer. Kupala is said to be one of the greatest Belarusian-language writers of the 20th century.
Biography
Early life
Kupala was born on July 7, 1882 in Viazynka. His family was of Szlachta origins. Both of his parents were tenant farmers. Kupala received a traditional Belarusian education. He finished his studies in 1898. After the death of his father in 1902, Kupala worked several short-term jobs. These included being a tutor, a shop assistant, and a record keeper.
Kupala's first serious try at writing was Ziarno. It was a Polish-language sentimental poem which he completed around 1903-1904. His first Belarusian-language work ("Maia dolia") was dated July 15, 1904. Kupala's first published poem, "Muzhyk" ("Peasant"), was published about a year later. It was in the newspaper on May 11, 1905. Several more poems by Kupala were in the Belarusian-language newspaper Nasha Niva from 1906 to 1907.
In Vilnius and St. Petersburg
Kupala moved from Belarus to Vilnius in 1908. He continued with his career as a poet. The first published collection of his poems, Zhaleika (The Little Flute) made the czarist government mad. The order for Kupala's arrest was ended in 1909.
Kupala left for St. Petersburg in 1909. In 1910 he published several works. He left St. Petersburg and returned to Vilnius in 1913. Among those influencing Kupala in the 1910s was Maxim Gorky.
During the Soviet period
Kupala's writing changed to an optimistic tone after the Great October Revolution of 1917.
Kupala was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1941 for the poetry collection Ad sertsa (From the Heart).
In 1941 he moved to Moscow and then to Tatarstan. But even from there he wrote poems supporting Belarus fighting against Nazi Germany. He died mysteriously in 1942 in Moscow. He fell down the stairwell in Hotel Moskva. The death was said to be accidental. Some people think it was suicide or murder.
Cramp

A cramp is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction or overshortening. They are usually temporary and non-damaging. Some cramps can cause a large amount of pain. They can also cause paralysis-like immobility of the affected muscle.
Armenian rock

Armenian rock is a type of rock music sung by Armenian people. In the Soviet era,rock music was forbidden because the CPSU believed it was a "Western anti-socialist" influence. However, in the 1980s popular rock bands in Armenia began to emerge. The Armenians blended folk music with their rock music. After Bolshevism, progressive rock music began to be popular among Armenian people. Since 2004, the Armenian Music Awards honors musicians who record rock music.
Ohm

There are some materials which offer some resistance to the current flow; they are not good Electrical conductors or good Electrical insulators. They are resistive materials, for example graphite, iron, and certain synthetic materials.
The magnitude that represents this characteristic is the resistance, and it is measured in ohms. An ohm (referred to by the Greek letter O (Omega)) is the SI unit of resistance (R). It can be defined by Ohm's law and the equation:
where is resistance in ohms, is voltage in volts, and the current in amperes.
The ohm was named after Georg Ohm.
Lethal Weapon 3

Lethal Weapon 3 is a 1992 comedy-action movie. Mel Gibson plays Martin, Danny Glover plays Roger, Joe Pesci plays Leo and Rene Russo plays Lorna Cole.
This movie was released on May 15, 1992. It got mixed reviews. It made over US$320 million.
Escolar

Not to be confused with Snake mackerel.
The escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum) is a species of fish in the family Gempylidae. It is also known as the snake mackerel. It is the only species in the genus Lepidocybium.
Description
The escolar is dark brown, growing darker with age until it is quite black. They can't metabolize the wax esters (gempylotoxin) naturally found in its diet. This gives the escolar an oil content of 14-25% in its flesh.
Mislabeling
Restaurants can sometimes confuse escolar for other fish. In 2009, "tuna" samples from sushi restaurants in New York City and Denver were DNA-tested. Five of nine restaurants serving fish labeled "white tuna", "white tuna (albacore)" or "super white tuna" were serving escolar.
Prague 20

Prague 20 () is a municipal district (mestska cast) in Prague.
Beirut

Beirut is the capital of Lebanon. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities of the world. It is on a hilly promontory on the eastern Mediterranean surrounded to the east by the snow-capped mountains of Lebanon. Before the civil war it was a cultural center of the Arab World, a major international financial, banking and media center and was called the Switzerland of the Middle East. It was called the Paris of the Middle East.
Lauwil

Lauwil is a municipality of the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.
Stockheim

Stockheim is a municipality in Kronach in Bavaria in Germany. It is on Bundesstrasse 85, and on the touristic route Bier- und Burgenstrasse (Beer- and Castle Road).
Sautron

Sautron is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Aqua regia

Aqua regia (Royal water in Latin) is a very strong acid. It is made by mixing one part concentrated nitric acid and three parts concentrated hydrochloric acid. The acid was named by alchemists because it can dissolve the noble metals gold and platinum. Tantalum, iridium and a few other metals are not dissolved by it.
History
Aqua regia was discovered around the year 800AD, by Jabir Bin Hayyan (Geber), when he mixed common salt with vitriol (sulphuric acid). In the Middle Ages it was one of the ways that alchemists tried to find the philosopher's stone.
When Germany invaded Denmark in World War II, the Hungarian chemist George de Hevesy took the Nobel Prize medals of Max von Laue and James Franck to keep them safe. De Hevesy dissolved the medals, which were made of gold, into aqua regia. He did this so the Nazis would not steal them. He placed the jar that held the solution of aqua regia and gold on a shelf in his laboratory at the Niels Bohr Institute. The jar looked the same as hundreds of other jars in the laboratory, so the Nazis thought that all the jars had normal chemicals in them. After the war, de Hevesy returned to the lab, found the jar with the solution, and removed the gold from it. He returned the gold to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and the Nobel Foundation used the gold to make new medals for Laue and Franck.
Uses
Aqua Regia is used in metal etching and scientific analysis. It is also used to clean certain lab machines from tiny metal particles. It is particularly used in the extraction and purification of gold and platinum. Users mix it immediately before use so it won't decompose.
Sue Randall

Marion Burnside "Sue" Randall (October 8, 1935 -- October 26, 1984) was an American actress. She played Beaver Cleaver's school teacher Miss Landers on the sitcom television series Leave It to Beaver (1957-1963).
Stella Tennant

Stella Tennant (17 December 1970 - 22 December 2020) was a British model and fashion designer. She posed for a number of magazines, including the French, British and Italian versions of Vogue. Tennant was born in London.
In June 2012, Tennant was honored as Model of the Year in the Scottish Fashion Awards Hall of Fame at its annual awards.
Tennant died suddenly on 22 December 2020 in Duns, Scottish Borders at the age of 50.
Passive-aggressive behaviour

Passive-aggressive behaviour is indirect aggression that pretends to be innocent. This means someone pretends to be nice, but is actually being mean. It can happen when people do what others want to stop direct confrontation, but they do not agree with what is ordered or suggested. A passive-aggressive person tries to hide their anger. For example, "I would have had a good day if I hadn't been cleaning up someone's mess". This sounds okay when someone first reads it, but it is actually them being mad at the person who made the mess.
This is not a psychological problem. It is just a way of behaving. In the workplace it occurs when people do not want to do what the employer wants them to do. The behaviour was first defined during World War II. Men were not openly defiant. They used "passive measures, such as pouting, stubbornness, procrastination, inefficiency, and passive obstructionism" to show their feelings. Examples of passive-aggressive behavior might include avoiding direct or clear communication, evading problems, fear of intimacy or competition, making excuses, blaming others, obstructionism, playing the victim, feigning compliance with requests, sarcasm, backhanded compliments, and hiding anger.
Personality disorder
Extreme cases may become psychiatric problems. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders revision IV (DSM-IV) says passive-aggressive personality disorder is a "pervasive pattern of negativistic attitudes and passive resistance to demands for adequate performance in social and occupational situations".
Susumu Oki

is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as an Association football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995||rowspan="5"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||14||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||15||2
|-
|1996||7||0||0||0||4||1||11||1
|-
|1997||11||1||1||0||0||0||12||1
|-
|1998||20||4||3||0||4||0||27||4
|-
|1999||6||1||0||0||2||0||8||1
|-
|2000||Oita Trinita||J. League 2||6||0||0||0||2||0||8||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="6"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||20||8||1||0||3||3||24||11
|-
|2002||18||4||3||1||5||0||26||5
|-
|2003||J. League 2||36||8||3||1||colspan="2"|-||39||9
|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||21||5||0||0||4||0||25||5
|-
|2005||32||3||2||1||5||2||39||6
|-
|2006||5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="6"|Ehime||rowspan="6"|J. League 2||15||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||17||2
|-
|2008||23||3||2||1||colspan="2"|-||25||4
|-
|2009||27||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||27||2
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
|-
|2011||||||||||||||||
|-
|2012||||||||||||||||
261||37||18||4||29||6||308||47
261||37||18||4||29||6||308||47
|}
Superfluidity

Superfluidity is a state of matter where fluid or a liquid can act very strangely.
Some of the things a superfluid can do are:
It can flow extremely easily. (How easily a liquid can flow is called its viscosity.) In fact, it flows so easily that friction does not change the way it flows; it has zero viscosity. Because of this, it can actually flow out of a container, like a bowl, even when the bowl is not tipped so the liquid can spill out.
It stays still when its container is spun, instead of starting a whirlpool like when a sink full of water is drained. However, a whirlpool does form if the container is spun at and above a certain speed.
So far, scientists have only been able to create superfluids at extremely cold temperatures. However, superfluids have quite a few uses in science today, like:
Superfluid Helium at -271.4 degrees Celsius [-456.2 degrees Fahrenheit] was used in a special satellite in 1983 to get information on infrared waves in space.
Superfluids can be used in gyroscopes, to help machines predict information about gravity movements that can't be picked up with regular instruments only.
One kind of superfluid was used to trap and slow down a beam of light from its normal speed of 670,600,000 mph (1,079,000,000 km/h) to only 38.03 mph (62.2 km/h) That means the beam of light was moving at .00000567104 % of its speed in a vacuum, or 17 million times slower.
There is also another state of matter called a supersolid, although how they are formed is more complex.
CITIC Plaza

CITIC Plaza is a skyscraper in Guangzhou, China. It is 391 meters (1283 feet) tall and has 80 floors. It was built in 1997 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.
George Whitefield

George Whitefield (16 December 1714 - 30 September 1770), was a preacher on the Church of England. He was one of the lead of the Methodist movement. Colonists loved to hear him preach of love and forgiveness as he had a different style of preaching compared to Old World priests. This led to new missionary work in the Americas in converting Indians to Christianity. He helped establish the Evangelical movement, which was based on the idea that salvation could be achieved through believing in Jesus and following God's word in the Bible.
Ender's Shadow

Ender's Shadow (1999) is a science fiction book that was written by Orson Scott Card. It is a parallel novel, which means it has a story that has some of the events in Ender's Game from the point of view of another character named Bean. This book was first titled Urchin, but it was changed before release. Ender's Shadow is the first of a series that includes Shadow of the Hegemon, Shadow Puppets, and Shadow of the Giant.
Nottuln

Nottuln is a town in Coesfeld county, 20 km west of Munster, Germany.
It consists of
Nottuln
Appelhulsen
Schapdetten
Darup
History
A church was founded in 860 by Ludger Liudger, as well as the first monastery in Westphalia.
After a big fire 1748 it was built up by Johann Conrad Schlaun.
The county of Nottuln is at the A43 and a railway.
Rosalía de Castro

Rosalia Castro de Murguia better known as Rosalia de Castro (24 February 1837 - 15 July 1885) was a Galician writer and poet.
A native of Santiago de Compostela in the Galicia region of northwest Spain, she wrote in both Galician and Castilian.
Kingdom of Navarre

The Kingodom of Navarre was a small kingdom in Europe. It was independent from 841 to 1820. The kingdom was roughly in the Basque Country on both sides of the Pyrenees mountains. In 1512, it was split into two parts: a Spanish part and a French part. In 1620, the French part, called Lower Navarre, became part of France. The Spanish part was independent until 1820. The capital of the kingdom was Pamplona.
Crazy on You

"Crazy on You" is a 1976 song by American hard rock band Heart. It is from their debut studio album Dreamboat Annie. It went to number 2 in the Netherlands, number 13 in Belgium, number 25 in Canada and number 35 in the United States. It is about the Vietnam War.
MS-DOS

MS-DOS is a discontinued 16-bit computer operating system by Microsoft Corporation. It stands for "Microsoft Disk Operating System". The operating system implements a command-line interface for the user to input commands (which ran from disk). It was popularly used in PCs before GUI operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows, came out, and still is used in some places today.
MS-DOS is a text-based operating system, meaning that a user works with a keyboard to input data and receives output in plain text. Later, MS-DOS programs were often made to allow control by using a mouse and graphics (even without additionally running Microsoft Windows) especially for video games or to make work more simple and quick (some people still believe that working without graphics is really more efficient).
MS-DOS is called a disk operating system because it was mainly made to interact with the disk (to implement a file system for users and programs); it was loaded into a computer's memory with a floppy disk each time the computer is started (booted) up.
MS-DOS was released as proprietary software, but decades later after most users had gone to other systems, it was released as free software.
History and details
MS-DOS stands for "Microsoft Disk Operating System", and came from an operating system Microsoft bought called 86-DOS, originally called QDOS, or "Quick and Dirty Operating System."
OS/2 was made to replace MS-DOS, but that replacement did not succeed. MS-DOS was used to run the Windows operating systems until an operating system known as Windows XP.
How-To Books
Many books were written on how to use MS-DOS. A popular introductory book was MS-DOS for Dummies, by Dan Gookin, the book in the For Dummies series of easy to follow instruction books.
Clark Middleton

Clark Tinsley Middleton (1957 - October 4, 2020) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles in Kill Bill: Vol. 2, Sin City, Fringe, Snowpiercer, and The Blacklist. He was born in California.
Middleton died on October 4, 2020 from the West Nile virus in Los Angeles, aged 63.
Ice Hockey World Championships

The Ice Hockey World Championships are a yearly ice hockey tournament organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). The World Championships were first officially held at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The IIHF was created in 1908 while the European Championships, the predecessor to the World Championships, were first held in 1910. The tournament held at the 1920 Summer Olympics is recognized as the first Ice Hockey World Championship. Between 1920 and 1968, the Olympic hockey tournament was also considered the World Championship for that year. The first World Championship that was held as an individual event was in 1930.
Mazhilis

The Mazhilis (, also transliterated as Majilis; "Assembly" in Kazakh) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Kazakhstan, known as the Parlamenti, in the Government of Kazakhstan.
The upper house of Parliament is the Senate of Kazakhstan. There are 107 seats (98+9). Members of Parliament are elected to five-year terms.
Miodrag Živković (sculptor)

Miodrag Zivkovic (Serbian Cyrillic: Miodrag Zhivkovitsh; (1928 -- 31 July 2020) was a Serbian sculptor. He was most well known for his work on memorial statues throughout the Former Yugoslavia.
After working as an arts teaching instructor in Mladenovac and Novi Beograd, he was hired as an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Applied Arts within the University of Arts in Belgrade, becoming Dean in 1974. He left the job in 1977. From 1977 to 1984 he was head of the Faculty's sculpture department. From 1991 to 1996 he was again Dean of the Faculty.
Zivkovic died on 31 July 2020 in Belgrade, aged 92.
Timo Honkela

Timo Honkela (August 4, 1962 - May 9, 2020) was a Finnish computer scientist. He was born in Helsinki. He worked at the University of Helsinki, Aalto University School of Science and Aalto University School of Art, Design and Architecture.
From 1998 to 2000, Honkela worked as a professor in the Aalto Media Lab.
Honkela died on May 9, 2020 in Helsinki, aged 57.
Adolfo Canepa

Adolfo John Canepa, CMG, OBE, GMH (born 17 December 1940) is a Gibraltarian politician. He was the Leader of the Opposition. He was the Chief Minister of Gibraltar from 8 December 1987 to 25 March 1988. He was also the leader of the Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (AACR).
Geoffrey Hill

Sir Geoffrey William Hill, FRSL (18 June 1932 - 30 June 2016) was an English poet, professor emeritus of English literature and religion, and former co-director of the Editorial Institute, at Boston University.
Hill has been thought to be among the most famous poets of his generation and was called the "greatest living poet in the English language."
From 2010 to 2015, he held the position of Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford.
Gratification

Gratification is the emotional reaction of happiness because someone had reached or gotten their desire or goal. It is also seen as a response of fulfillment and getting recognition.
Cloverleaf, Texas

Cloverleaf is a census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Texas.
Leaf insect

The family Phylliidae (often misspelt 'Phyllidae') includes the living true leaf insects or walking leaves, which include some of the most remarkable leaf mimics in the entire animal kingdom. They occur from South Asia through Southeast Asia to Australia. There are different views about their taxonomy.
Characteristics
Leaf insects use camouflage to take on the appearance of a leaf. They do this so accurately that predators often cannot distinguish them from real leaves. In some species the edge of the leaf insect's body even has the appearance of bite marks. To further confuse predators, when the leaf insect walks, it rocks back and forth, to mimic a real leaf being blown by the wind.
They and stick insects go together in the Order Phasmatodea.
The scholar Antonio Pigafetta may have been the first to document the creature. Sailing with Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigational expedition, he studied and chronicled the fauna on the island of Cimbonbon as the fleet hauled ashore for repairs.
Trans Canada Highway

The Trans-Canada Highway () is a transcontinental that goes across the country in southern Canada. The main route is long.
History
The section between Sault Ste Marie, Ontario and Wawa, Ontario opened on September 17, 1960. The Rogers Pass in British Columbia opened on September 3, 1962. The paving of the Trans-Canada across Newfoundland was completed on November 27, 1965.
Hatfield Peverel

Hatfield Peverel is a village and civil parish in Braintree, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 4,384 people living in Hatfield Peverel.
Transport
Road
The B1137 and B1019 roads pass through the village.
The A12 road bypasses the village.
Rail
Hatfield Peverel has a station.
Tom Kane

Tom Kane (born Thomas Kane Roberts, April 15, 1962) is a retired American voice actor. He has worked in movies, television and video games. Kane is known for his many voice roles in Star Wars: The Clone Wars and in The Powerpuff Girls.
Kane was born in Overland Park, Kansas on April 15, 1962.
Kane suffered a stroke in November 2020 which left him with weakness on the right side of his body and damage to his speaking, writing, and reading abilities. In September 2021, he announced his retirement because of his stroke.
UFO religion

An UFO religion is a new religious movement, which also believes in extraterrestrials. They also believe that these extraterrestrials use unidentified flying objects, and they communicate with humans. In the view of the people of the UFO religion, human society and culture is either alrready part of the culture and osciety of the extraterrestrials, or it will become part of it soon. Two well-known groups that are UFO religioins are Raelism and Scientology.
Girls of Enghelab protests in Iran

In 2022, Iran was an Islamic country that also a dress-code which specified wat kinds of clothes were acceptable in public, and which ones were not. This dress-code included rules that said, that from a certain age, girls and women had to wear a hijab, which covered their hair. In 2022, people protested against this ruling.. These protests became known as Girls of Enghelab protests (). They are seen as part of a wider movement to make Iran a more democatic country. The protests were inspired by Vida Movahed (), an Iranian woman known as the Girl of Enghelab Street (). She was given that name, because she stood in the crowd on a utility box on Enghelab Street (Revolution Street) in Tehran on 27 December 2017 during the 2017-2018 Iranian protests; she then tied her hijab, a white headscarf, to a stick, and waved it to the crowd as a flag. She was arrested on that day and was released temporary on bail a month later, on 28 January 2018. Some people interpreted Movahed's action as being based on Masih Alinejad's call for White Wednesdays, a protest movement that the presenter at VOA Persian Television started in early 2017. Other women later re-enacted her protest and posted photos of their actions on social media. These women are described as the "Girls of Enghelab Street" and "The Girls Of Revolution Street" in English sources. Some of the protesters however claim that they were not following Masih Alinejad's call. The protests intensified in 2022 due to the death of Mahsa Amini.
Laws
In the Islamic law of Iran imposed shortly after the 1979 Islamic revolution, article 638 of 5th book of Islamic Penal Code (called Sanctions and deterrent penalties) women who do not wear a hijab may be imprisoned from ten days to two months, and/or required to pay fines from Rls.50,000 to Rls.500,000 . Fines are recalculated in the courts to index for inflation. This has been translated and published by the Legal Information Institute of Cornell Law School.
Article 639 says, two types of people shall be sentenced one year to ten years' imprisonment; first a person who establishes or directs a place of immorality or prostitution, second, a person who makes it easier for people to commit immorality or prostitution. or encourages them to do this.
Pratidaan

Pratidaan (); is a Bengali television Popular Soap Opera that premiered on August 21, 2017, and airs on STAR Jalsha. Produced by Boyhood Productions, it stars Sandipta Sen and Sheikh Rezwan Rabbani in lead roles and Tanuka Chatterjee in a Negative role. It replaced Star Jalsha's popular show Milon Tithi.
Plot
Shimul is a very well educated girl and she wants to pursue her study further. She wants to get married in a family where she gets her due respect as a highly educated girl. But on the other hand her would be mother-in-law wants to get a bride who is altoegther illiterate. As the destiny had it her son meets Shimul, a girl of diametrically opposite character. They get married and she will have to teach life lessons to her arrogant husband, Neel, was not the kind of marriage Shimul was hoping for. Will they ever fall in love? What happens next?
Zwijndrecht, Belgium

Zwijndrecht is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 18352 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 13 North, 04deg 19 East.
William Kaelin Jr.

William "Bill" G. Kaelin Jr. (born November 23, 1957) is an American professor of medicine at Harvard University and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. His laboratory studies tumor suppressor proteins.
Kaelin Jr. won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2019 with Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza.
I Want You (Marvin Gaye song)

"I Want You" is a song by Marvin Gaye. It was released in 1976. It was covered in 1995 by trip-hop band Massive Attack and Madonna.
Charts
Iván Massagué

Ivan Massague Horta (born 4 September 1976) is a Spanish actor. He is best known worldwide for his role as Goreng in the movie The Platform (2019). He has appeared in many television shows such as 7 vidas, La familia Mata, El barco and Gym Tony. His other movie credits include Pan's Labyrinth (2006) and Pancho, el perro millonario (2014).
Massague was born in Barcelona, Catalonia.
Jihad Ahmed Jibril

Mohammed Jihad Ahmed Jibril (March 3, 1961 in Damascus - May 20, 2002 in Beirut) was the son of Ahmed Jibril, founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC). He was killed by a car bomb. He was assassinated on May 20, 2002.
Jihad Ahmed Jibril was the leader of the military wing of the PFLP-GC and was the heir apparent of the organization before he was killed in a car bombing in Beirut in 2002. The assassination was blamed on Israel, although Jibril had many other enemies, including the Lebanese Christian militia and other Palestinian nationalist organizations.
Ahmed Jibril was co-leader of the militant Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command. Israeli radio reports said that the son, Jihad Ahmed Jibril, was involved in smuggling arms and explosives to Palestinian militants in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
But there was no evidence to directly link him with terrorist attacks.
Ahmed Jibril accused the Israeli intelligence agency, Mossad, of responsibility for the killing, but a spokesman for Defense Minister Benjamin Ben-Eliezer said Israel was not involved.
In mid-June 2006, Lebanon authorities arrested a group of alleged spies who reportedly confessed to working for Israel and carrying out the attacks.
Galliano, Louisiana

Galliano is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Gothenburg Municipality

Gothenburg Municipality () is a municipality in Vastra Gotaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Gothenburg.
Masih Alinejad

Masoumeh "Masih" Alinejad-Ghomi (, born 11 September 1976) is an Iranian journalist author, political activist, and women's rights activist. Contracted by the U.S. Agency for Global Media, Alinejad currently works as a presenter/producer at VOA Persian Service, a correspondent for Radio Farda, a frequent contributor to Manoto television, and a contributing editor to IranWire.
Peter Paul Rubens

Pieter Pauwel (Peter Paul) Rubens (28 June 1577 - 30 May 1640) was a painter.
He was good at painting many subjects: portraits, stories from the bible or other books and landscapes. He painted in the Baroque style. Paintings in this style have a lot of action and color. Many of his paintings have a sensual touch. Some of them can be seen as erotic.
Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery

Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery is a 1997 American comedy spy movie. It was directed by Jay Roach and was produced by Jan Blenkin, John S. Lyons, Eric McLeod, Demi Moore, and Mike Myers. It is the first entry of the Austin Powers movie series with a sequel released in 1999 followed by a second sequel in 2002.
Plot
The setting is London, England.
Many characters use British English.
Glottal consonant

A glottal consonant is a sound made using only the glottis. English has two glottal consonants, [h], as in hat and [?], as in uh-oh.
Pegomastax

Pegomastax ("strong jaw") is a genus of small heterodontosaur dinosaur discovered in Lower Jurassic rocks in South Africa. It is based on a skull in the Iziko South African Museum in Cape Town.
It was collected during a 1966-1967 expedition but not named and described until recently. Paul Sereno, who had recognized it as unusual in the 1980s, published a description in 2012. The type species is P. africana. Pegomastax differed from other heterodontosaurs by details of the skull. The lower jaw was robust, with a short beak. Like most other heterodontosaurs, Pegomastax had an enlarged canine-like tooth at the beginning of the lower jaw's tooth row, which may have been used for defence. The rest of its teeth were those of a herbivore.
Yoshio Kitajima

Yoshio Kitajima (born 29 October 1975) is a former Japanese football player.
Kitajima previously played for Mito HollyHock and Shonan Bellmare.
Joachim Peiper

Joachim Peiper, (30 January 1915 in Berlin - 14 July 1976 in Traves, Haute-Saone), also known as Jochen Peiper, was a LSSAH military officer of Nazi Germany during World War II.
He was a field officer of the Waffen-SS (he had the rank of SS-Standartenfuhrer der Waffen-SS, comparable with the rank of colonel). He was personal adjutant to the commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS), Heinrich Himmler. He held this position between November 1940 and August 1941. Peiper fought on both the Eastern Front against the Red Army and the Western Front against the Western Allies. He won the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords for bravery on the battlefield and his leadership skills. By 1945, he was in command of a regiment of the Waffen-SS. He was the Waffen-SS's youngest regimental colonel.
Peiper was convicted of war crimes committed in Belgium. He was imprisoned for almost 12 years. He was also accused of war crimes in Italy. However, Italian and German courts decided that there was not enough evidence. After his release from prison, Peiper worked for both Porsche and Volkswagen. He then moved to France. In France he translated books from English to German under the pseudonym Rainer Buschmann. Peiper was murdered in France in July 1976. He was shot by unknown people who then burned his house to the ground using Molotov cocktails.
Tineidae

Tineidae (or clothes moth) is a family of moths. They are known as fungus moths or tineid moths. There are more than 3,000 species in over 300 genera. Most of the tineid moths are small or medium-sized. They have wings over their bodies. They are common in the Palaearctic. Others found elsewhere were introduced
Tineids will eat living plants, fungi, lichens, and detritus. The most known members of the family are the clothes moths. They eat on stored fabrics. The most widespread species are the Common Clothes Moth (Tineola bisselliella), the Case-bearing Clothes Moth (Tinea pellionella) and the Carpet Moth (Trichophaga tapetzella). The Brown-dotted Clothes Moth (Niditinea fuscella) will feed on feathers in a bird's nest. The genus Ceratophaga, members will eat on dead animals such as mammals and the shells of dead tortoises.
Books
Dugdale, J.S., 1988. Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue and keys of family-group taxa. Fauna of New Zealand, 14: 1-262.
Gaedike, R. 1983. Zur Kenntnis der palaarktischen Tineiden Die Gattung Infurcitinea Spuler, 1910 (Lepidoptera). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden, 46: 121-150.
Gaedike, R. 1985. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der palaarktischen Tineiden: Gattung Obesoceras Petersen, 1957 (Lepidoptera). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden, 48: 167-181.
Hinton, H.E. 1956. The larvae of the species of Tineidae of economic importance. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 47: 251-346.
Leraut, P., 1985. Mise a jour de la liste des Tineides de la faune de France. Entomologica Gallica, 1(4): 319-325.
Petersen, G. 1957-8. Die Genitalien der palaarktischen Tineiden. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 7: 55-176, 338-380, 557-595; 8: 111-118, 398-430.
Robinson, G.S. 1979. Clothes-moths of the Tinea pellionella complex: a revision of the world's species (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 38: 57-128, figs 1-103.
Liliales

Liliales is an order of flowering plants. This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae, but both the family and the order have had a widely disputed history, with the circumscription varying greatly from one taxonomist to another. The best known representative of the order is the lily.
Mirage (movie)

Mirage is a 1965 American mystery thriller movie directed by Edward Dmytryk and based on the 1952 novel Fallen Angel by Howard Fast. It stars Gregory Peck, Diane Baker, Walter Matthau, Kevin McCarthy, Jack Weston, Leif Erickson, Walter Abel, George Kennedy, Hari Rhodes and was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Izhitsa

Izhitsa or Izhica (Y, y; italics: Y y; OCS: Yzhitsa, Russian: Izhitsa, Ukrainian: Izhitsia) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet and several later alphabets, usually the last in the row.
Kim Jong-il

Kim Jong-il, birth name Yuri Irsenovich Kim (according to the Soviet Union's records) (, 16 February 1941 - 17 December 2011) was the Supreme Leader of Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) from the time of his father's death in 1994 until his own death in 2011. He was the son of Kim Il-Song. Official North Korean propaganda said that Jong-il was born on Mount Paektu (a holy mountain in Korea); but most historians think that he was born near Chabarowsk in the Soviet Union. The North Korean laws made him permanent ruler of North Korea for life. He was sometimes referred to as the "Dear Leader", but this was not an official title. His official title was "Chairman of the National Defense Commission of North Korea", "Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army" and "General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea". Many people in North Korea were imprisoned or killed for speaking out against the Kim regime. Almost everyone in North Korea wore a small pin with a picture of Kim Jong-Il or Kim Il-Song on it.
The North Korean government told people of his death through the state media on 19 December 2011. It was said that he had died two days earlier of "physical and mental over-work".
Early life
Kim Jong-il was born as Yuri Irsenovich Kim on 16 February 1941 or 1942 in either Korea or the USSR . He was the son of Kim Il-Sung is was responsible for the Korean War in 1950-1953 .
Personal life
Kim Jong-il was a Stalinist. He believed in the North Korean Communist philosophy of Juche (self-reliance). He was afraid to travel on aeroplanes and traveled only on trains. He was well known for his love of movies and luxury goods, especially caviar and Hennessey brand cognac, even though North Korea was one of the poorest countries in the world. Former United States Secretary of State Madeleine Albright once gave Jong-il a present of a basketball signed by Michael Jordan when he visited North Korea because Jong-il was a fan of the National Basketball Association and of Michael Jordan.
Death
On the morning of 17 December 2011, at the age of 69 or 70, Jong-il died of a heart attack while traveling. His funeral was held on 28 December, and as a result, Kim Jong-un was then elected as the new leader of North Korea. On 13 April 2012, Kim Jong-il was made Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission and Eternal General Secretary of the Workers Party of Korea.
Greta Thyssen

Greta Thyssen (born Greta Thysegen; March 30, 1927 - January 6, 2018), was a Danish-born American actress and former model. She was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. She was known for being the double of Marilyn Monroe in the movie Bus Stop and many other of her movies. She was also a co-star in The Three Stooges. She also appeared Accused of Murder, Terror Is a Man, Three Blondes in His Life and Journey to the Seventh Planet.
Thyssen died on January 6, 2018 in Manhattan, New York of pneumonia at the age of 90.
Barbara March

Barbara March (born Barbara Jean Maczka; October 9, 1953 - August 11, 2019) was a Canadian actress. She was born in Toronto. March was best known for her role as the Star Trek character Lursa, one of the Duras sisters. She appeared as Lursa in Star Trek: The Next Generation ("Redemption" and "Firstborn"), Star Trek: Deep Space Nine ("Past Prologue"), and Star Trek Generations.
March died of cancer on August 11, 2019 at the age of 65. She was married to actor Alan Scarfe from 1979 until her death. They had two children.
Typhus

Typhus is unrelated to both typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever
Typhus is the name for a number of diseases, caused by bacteria called Rickettsiae. These bacteria are parasites that cannot survive outside their host organism. Depending on the species the host organisms are, fleas (on rats), harvest mites (on several rodents and humans), or lice (on humans). It is an epidemic disease.
When the term is commonly used, it usually means endemic typhus, which is spread by lice. The name typhus comes from Greek, where it means smoky or hazy. This was the word used to describe the state of mind the patients are in.
Typhus can be treated with antibiotics.
The Mysterious Wall

The Mysterious Wall () is a 1967 Soviet science fiction movie directed by Irina Povolotskaya and Mikhail Sadkovich. It stars Lev Krugly, Tatyana Lavrova, and Irakli Uchaneishvili.
Manitoulin Island

Manitoulin Island is a lake island in Lake Huron. It is on the northern side of the lake, in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is the largest island in a freshwater lake in the world. It has an area of 2,766 square kilometers (1,068 square miles).
Lake Huron is on the southern and western sides of the island. Georgian Bay is on the island's east side and the North Channel on the northern side. There are 108 freshwater lakes on the island. The largest is Lake Manitou (about 104 kilometers, 40.5 square miles), which is the largest freshwater lake on a freshwater island.
The island has a population of 12,600. Many tourists visit the island during the summer. The island has two incorporated towns: Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands and Gore Bay and Gore Bay.
Communication

Communication is when information is passed from a sender to a recipient using a medium. There are different media that can be used:
Visual communication (using body language or gestures)
Communicating with sounds (like human language, but may also be the barking of a dog)
Communication using touch
Using smell
Using writing
Communication can be spoken (a word) or non-spoken (a smile). Communication has many ways and happens all the time. Not only do humans communicate, but most other animals do too. Some communication is done without thinking, such as by changing in posture.
Communication that tries to change somebody's mind may be called persuasion or propaganda.
How communication works
Communication works by exchanging information or messages. In very basic terms
The sender makes a message, from an idea. This is usually called encoding
The sender transmits the message through the medium.
The recipient receives the message and decodes it.
Besides the content of the message, there are other things that are important. These are not part of the message itself, but rather of its context
Who is communicating, and what status does the communicator have?
Communication messages usually do not come alone, but are accompanied by other messages. These are also interpreted.
For a message exchange to be successful, the sender and the recipient must have agreed on a vocabulary that avoids ambiguity. For example, the word hedge can mean completely different things based on the context. In botany a hedge is a row of shrubs or trees that make a barrier or form a border. In finance, a hedge is an investment made to reduce the risk of another investment. In linguistics a hedge is a word or set of words that make other words less important. Without information it is therefore very difficult to know which hedge is really meant by the speaker.
As Cruel as School Children

As Cruel as School Children is the 3rd studio album by rap group Gym Class Heroes. It was released in July of 2006. The album contains some songs from their previous album The Papercut Chronicles.
FC Mulhouse

F.C. Mulhouse is a football club which plays in France.
Vermont, Wisconsin

Vermont is a town of Dane County in the state of Wisconsin in the United States. 839 people were living in Vermont as of 2000. Vermont has a total area of 35.8 square miles, according to the United States Census Bureau.
Computational chemistry

Computational chemistry is a type of chemistry that uses computer science to help solve chemical problems. These programs help scientists learn about molecules and solids. Computational chemistry is often used with chemical experiments to get more information. It can predict chemical phenomena that have not yet been seen. It is widely used to design new drugs and materials.
Computational chemistry can predict the structure of molecules. It can help find where a molecule's atoms are. It can also find absolute and relative (interaction) energies, electronic charge distributions, dipoles and higher multipole moments, vibrational frequencies, reactivity or other spectroscopic quantities, and cross sections for collision with other particles.
Computational chemistry looks at both static and dynamic systems. In all cases, as the size of the system being studied grows, the computer time and other resources (such as memory and disk space) used also grows. That system can be a single molecule, a group of molecules, or a solid. Computational chemistry methods range from highly accurate to very approximate. Highly accurate methods are typically feasible only for small systems.
Emir Abdelkader

Abdelkader ibn Muhieddine (6 September 1808 - 26 May 1883; ), known as the Emir Abdelkader or Abdelkader El Djezairi, was an Algerian religious and military leader who led a struggle against the French colonial invasion in the mid-19th century.
Early life
In his childhood, he learned and memorized the Holy Quran and studied linguistics.
When Algeria was invaded by France in 1830, he began a rebellion against the French for a decade until 1842 with a number of tribes.
In 1837, he signed the Treaty of Tafna with Marshall Bugeaud. But King Louis-Philippe broke the treaty two years later, leading Emir to declare against Jihad on October 15, 1839. In 1847, he was exiled to France from 1847 to October 1852. When he was released by Napoleon III, Emir then took up his residence in Damascus. In July 1860, he ceased a conflict between Muslims and Christians. While he was in Damascus, he wrote books and composed poesy.
Emir Abdelkader died on the May 26, 1883 and was buried in Damascus. On July 5, 1966, the Algerian government brought his remains back to Algeria to be interred on the occasion of the fourth anniversary of independence and the 136th anniversary of the French conquest. A mosque bearing his name has been constructed as a national shrine in Constantine. He is seen by the Algerians as their national hero.
Mario Adorf

Mario Adorf (born 8 September 1930) is a Swiss-born German movie actor. He was known for his roles as "Alfred Matzerath" in The Tin Drum (1979). He has also wrote many autobiographies about his career. Adorf was born in Zurich, Switzerland.