kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
2020 Winter Youth Olympics

The 2020 Winter Youth Olympic Games (; ; ; ), officially known as the III Winter Youth Olympic Games and commonly known as Lausanne 2020, was the third edition of the Winter Youth Olympics; a major international multi-sport event and cultural festival for teenagers was held in Lausanne, Switzerland, the home of the International Olympic Committee, between 9 and 22 January 2020.
Medal table
By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a "nation" is an entity represented by a National Olympic Committee). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically.
In the Boys' combined event in alpine skiing, two gold medals were awarded for a first place tie. No silver medal was awarded for the event. In the Boys' monobob on bobsleigh,also two gold medals were awarded for a first place tie,and no silver medal was awarded.
Nadja Schaus

Nadja Schaus (born 8 November 1984 in Worms) is a German volleyball player. She played with the Germany women's national volleyball team at the 2009 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2010 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, 2011 FIVB World Grand Prix, and 2012 FIVB World Grand Prix.
She played for Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Sigel Pallavolo Marsala, and USC Munster.
Exerion

is a shooter video game made and published by Jaleco in 1983.
Putin's Palace

"Putin's Palace" (), is also known as the Residence at Cape Idokopas.
It is a palace on the Black Sea coast near Gelendzhik, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Sergei Kolesnikov and the Anti-Corruption Foundation (FBK), led by Alexei Navalny, said the palace was built for President Vladimir Putin.
On 30 January 2021, Arkady Rotenberg said he owned the palace. Rotenberg said that he wanted the residence to be an apartment hotel.
Location
The house is on Cape Idokopas, near Praskoveevka.
Walter Horton

Walter Horton (April 6, 1917 - December 8, 1981) was an American blues harp player. He is also known as Big Walter Horton or "Shakey" Horton.
Life
He was born in Horn Lake, Mississippi and started playing harp at the age of five. In his teens he went to Memphis and lived with little income and a lot of discrimination. In the 1930s he played with many musicians across the Mississippi delta region.
He made his first recording in Memphis with the guitarist Little Buddy Doyle. Due to poor health he worked outside the music industry in the 1940s. In the early 1950s he was one of the first musicians recording for Sam Phillips at Sun Records in Memphis, who would later record Elvis Presley. At this time he also was part of the Chicago blues scene, where he recorded amongst others with Eddie Taylor and Johnny Shines. After Junior Wells left the Muddy Waters Band he recorded one session with Waters. In the 1960s he recorded often as sideman for other musicians. He played frequently in the 1970s at blues and folk music festivals in the U.S. and Europe, often with Willie Dixon's Chicago Blues All-Stars. In 1977 he joined Johnny Winter and Muddy Waters on Winter's album I'm Ready. At that time he also recorded for Blind Pig Records. Horton appeared in the Maxwell Street scene in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers. His final recordings were made in 1980.
He got his nickname "Shakey" because while playing he moved his head. He did his own first recording not until 1964 because he was a humble and shy person who did not like to be a leader. He felt more comfortable as sideman for others. Big Walter Horton died from heart failure in Chicago in 1981 aged 64.
Beverly Archer

Beverly Archer (born July 19, 1948) is an American actress. She acts mostly on television. She played Iola in Mama's Family. She also appeared on a lot of other television shows. Archer retired from acting in 2000. She was born in Oak Park, Illinois.
Helena Blavatsky

Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (12 August 1831 - 8 May 1891) was a Russian born occultist. At the age of 17 she married a Russian nobleman, Nikifvor Blavatsky, but soon divorced.
In 1875, Blavatsky and Henry Steel Olcott established a research and publishing institute called the Theosophical Society. Blavatsky defined Theosophy as "the archaic Wisdom-Religion, the esoteric doctrine once known in every ancient country having claims to civilization". One of the main purposes of the Theosophical Society was "to form a nucleus of the Universal Brotherhood of Humanity, without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste or color". Madame Blavatsky saw herself as a missionary of this ancient knowledge. She travelled the world and wrote books about the occult including Isis Unveiled and The Secret Doctrine.
The Theosophical Society had an influence on Buddhist modernism and Hindu reform movements, and the spread of those modernised versions in the west. Blavatsky was important in the Western transmission and revival of Theravada Buddhism.
Mass Effect 2: Overlord

Mass Effect 2: Overlord is an expansion pack for the 2010 game Mass Effect 2. It is about a rogue artificial intelligence controlled by an autistic man.
Gameplay
The player can drive and hover with the Hammerhead and defeat rogue Geth soldiers.
Reception
The pack was critically acclaimed, but some didn't like the Hammerhead's controls.
Jackson Township, Will County, Illinois

Jackson Township is a township found in Will County, Illinois. About 3,400 people were living in Jackson Township as of 2000.
Subatomic particle

A subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom. This means it is very, very small. Like atoms and molecules, a subatomic particle is far too small to be seen with the eye. They are also very interesting to physicists who study atoms. The subatomic particles that make atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons are the most commonly studied ones. The study of subatomic particles is called particle physics.
These particles are often held together within an atom by one of the four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetic force, strong force, or weak force). Outside of the atom the particles often move very, very quickly- near the speed of light which is very, very fast (around 300,000 kilometres per second).
Subatomic particles are divided into two groups, Baryons and Leptons.
Baryons are made of quarks while Leptons are thought to be among the smallest particles, called elementary particles. Baryons have a given Baryon number. In reactions, the Baryon number must be conserved, meaning that both the starting and ending sides of a reaction must have the same number of Baryons. Baryonic particles are made up of a combination of 3 of the six quarks, which are among the smallest particles. The six quark types are up, down (making up protons and neutrons), strange, charm, top, and bottom.
Leptons are generally much smaller than Baryons. This category includes electrons, Muons, Taus and neutrinos. Leptons are not made up of quarks and are not divisible.
For every one of these types, there is also an antiparticle. Antiparticles have the same mass as their normal counterparts, except they have the opposite electric charge. Anti-matter and matter cannot exist near each other. Whenever matter and antimatter collide, they destroy each other with a huge release of energy equivalent to E=mc2, where m is the combined mass of the particles, c is the speed of light, and E is the energy produced. These collisions often take place in large particle accelerators, where the energy can be converted the other way, into matter by the same equation. This can produce many odd, often heavy (large mass) particles that exist only for a short time.
Most of the particles discovered are created by accelerating particles and colliding them against others, creating huge showers of new subatomic particles which decay extremely quickly. However, because the particles are moving close to the speed of light, the laws of special relativity become important and time dilation occurs. This means that time passes slower for the particle, and they can travel (and be measured) over a longer distance than non-relativity science would predict.
Family of Mike Pence

The Pence family is a political family based in the United States, who have been active in American politics, public service, law, and have held political offices and roles in the state and federal government of the United States.
The Pence's were the second family of the United States, when Mike Pence was the 48th vice president of the United States from 2017 to 2021. They were also the first family of Indiana when Pence was the 50th governor of Indiana from 2013 to 2017.
Yellow tree frog

The yellow tree frog, Underwood's yellow tree frog, small-headed tree frog, yellow cricket tree frog, or small-headed dwarf tree frog (Dendropsophus microcephalus) is a frog that lives in Mexico, the Guianas, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Venezuela, and Brazil.
This frog is larger or smaller depending on where it lives. In Honduras, the adult male frog can be as long as 27 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog can be 29 mm long. In Mexico, the adult female frog can be 30.6 cm long.
This frog changes color. At night, it is light yellow or light brown with red or dark brown markings.
This frog does not live deep in forests. Instead, it leaves near open areas, for example pastures and forests that humans have changed.
This frog lays eggs in temporary bodies of water, for example ditches. The males sing for the females. Sometimes, the males will sing together, like in a chorus.
Edisto Beach, South Carolina

Edisto Beach is a town in Colleton County, South Carolina, United States. In 2000, 641 lived there. Edisto Beach was formed by the Edistow Indians and was discovered by the Spanish in the late 1500s.
Edisto Beach is located at (32.487613, -80.324402).
Elland Road

Elland Road is a football stadium in Leeds, Beeston, West Yorkshire, England. It has been home to Premier League club Leeds United since the club's inception in 1919. The stadium is the 14th largest football stadium in England.
Sports history
The venue has served as a neutral venue for the FA Cup semi-finals and England international fixtures. It has been selected as one of eight venues for the UEFA Euro 96 European Cups. It was used by Rugby Union club Hunslet in the mid-1980s. It hosted two matches of the 2015 Rugby World Cup.
Capacity
It has four stands - Don Revie (North), Jack Charlton (East), Norman Hunter (South) and John Charles (West) - with a capacity of 37,792.
The FA Cup fifth-round replay against Sunderland on 15 March 1967 set a record attendance of 57,892. This was before the stadium became an all-seater venue under the Taylor Report. This is the modern record for a Premier League game against Newcastle United on 22 December 2001 was 40,287.
There are plans to increase its capacity to 50,000 by demolishing the West Stand and rebuilding the area.
Concerts
The stadium has hosted concerts by Queen, U2, Happy Mondays and the Kaiser Chiefs.
Sena dynasty

The Sena dynasty (sen,Shen) ruled Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries.
Sena / Sen Dynasty was founded by Samanta Sen. Adi Purush Veersen of this dynasty is considered. They trace their origins to the Brahmakshatra Kayastha tradition. After the fall of the Pala dynasty, the Sena dynasty was established in Bengal.
Vaidya Ballal Sen (1158-78 AD) -
He was also a follower of Shaivism. It assumed the title of Gaudeshwar of the Pala rulers. He himself was a patron of scholars and scholars. He composed a book called Dansagar.But could not complete it. Later Lakshmanasen completed it. This started the movement under the name of nobility. Its purpose was to maintain the superiority and purity of power of the elite castes. The superiority and purity of power was to be maintained. First of all, he called Brahmins from Kannauj and settled in Bengal. After his death, his son became the ruler.
Laxman Sen (1178-1205 AD) -
Lakshmanasen assumed the title of Parambhagavata. Unlike his ancestors, he was a follower of Vaishnavism. Its writings begin with the praise of Vishnu. It established another capital near its former capital at Lakshmanavati (Lakhanauti). Jayadev, the author of Geetgovind, was one of its 5 gems. Halayudh was its Chief Justice and Chief Minister. Laxman Sen started the Lakshman era. It won Kashi and Prayag from Jaichand Gahadwal. It established victory pillars at Kashi, Puri and Prayag. In 1202 AD, Bakhtiar Khilji attacked it and conquered its capital, Nadia.
Pontinha (Lisbon Metro)

Pontinha station is part of the Blue Line of the Lisbon Metro and is located in the Bairro Mario Madeira neighbourhood of Lisbon, near Amadora and Odivelas.
Elgin Marbles

The Elgin Marbles or Parthenon Marbles are a series of ancient Greek sculptures of relief made from marble. They were originally part of the Parthenon temple in Athens but they were taken by Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin in the early 1800s.
Many people, including the Greek government, have argued that Elgin stole the marbles and did not take them legally. They are on display in the British Museum. The Greek government asked to have them back many times. In 2014 UNESCO offered to mediate but the museum declined.
History of the removal
In Britain, the acquisition of the collection was supported by some, while others, such as Lord Byron, likened Elgin's actions to vandalism or looting. A UK parliamentary inquiry in 1816 decided that Elgin had got the marbles legally. Elgin sold them to the British government in that year, after which they passed into the trusteeship of the British Museum.
Sly 3: Honor Among Thieves

Sly 3: Honor Among Thieves is a video game from the Sly Cooper series for the PlayStation 2. It was released in September 14, 2005.
In Sly 3: Honor Among Thieves, the player controls either Sly, Bentley and Murray with additional characters as the game progresses.
Plot
In Kaine Island, Sly and his gang are ready to unlock the Cooper Vault. For the following parts, the player sees how Sly got his gang together.
Brie

Brie is a type of soft cheese with a yellowish interior and a white layer (the "rind") on the outside of the cheese.
The rind is eaten as well as the inside of this cheese. Like other cheeses, Brie is a dairy product made from cows' milk. Brie cheese may be served with fruit as a dessert at the end of a meal, or with a relish.
The cheese is sometimes served slightly melted or baked, in a round, lidded ceramic dish, and topped with nuts or fruit, or both.
How it is made
Brie is a French cheese, and protected by AOC (Appellation d'origine controlee). This means only this cheese from this region (near Paris) can properly call itself "brie". This is ignored by some countries outside Europe, but the system of AOC is used in the wine business, so many parts of the world do honour it, and have similar arrangements.
The milk of soft cheeses (a pate molle in French) is not heated during the production of the cheese. Talleyrand said about this kind of cheese that it was the king of cheeses. He said that in the 19th century. This kind of cheese has been made for at least 1000 years.
In Europe this cheese is usually not treated chemically, so it might change in consistency or color. It will go bad if it is not kept cool. If that means it is kept in a refrigerator, note that it should not be eaten that cold. It is best eaten when it is somewhat below normal room temperature. In most countries, brie-style cheeses are made with Pasteurized milk.
Brie can be aged, that is, carefully treated for up to a year. Then it has a darker colour and a stronger taste. This is rarely seen outside of France.
Types of Brie
The following kinds of Brie exist:
Brie de Meaux, from Champagne (region), AOC since 1986. The 1998 production was 7683 tonnes.
Brie de Melun, from Ile-de-France, AOC since 1980. 264 tonnes produced in 1998.
Other French Bries are:
Brie fermier, Ile-de-France
Brie de Melun bleu
Brie petit moule
Brie laitier
Brie de Coulommiers
Bries from outside France:
Somerset Brie, England
Brie Manoir, Quebec
Bleubrie, Quebec
Brie de Meaux
Cheeses are made into round loaves, of about 36 cm in diameter. The cheeses then weight about 2.5 kilograms. It is best tasted from April to October, after a ripening period of 8 to 10 weeks. About 2% of the production occurs on farms.
Brie de Melun
The Brie de Melun is smaller than the Brie de Meaux, but more salt is added to it. The ripening period is 10 weeks. It is best consumed April to September, but it can be found March to November, in some locations. About 5% of production occurs on farms.
What Brie should look like
When people buy Brie, they should make sure that it has the following traits:
It is soft.
Brie is covered in a white layer. There may be reddish patches in the layer.
The interior of the cheese should be yellowish.
The cheese has a distinct smell which is often considered to be good.
It should taste slightly nutty.
Andrzej Kopiczyński

Andrzej Kopiczynski (15 April 1934 - 13 October 2016) was a Polish actor. He appeared in more than 50 movies and television between 1958 and 2016. He was known for his starring role as Stefan Karwowski in the comedy series Czterdziestolatek (1974-1977). Kopiczynski was born in Miedzyrzec Podlaski, Poland.
Kopiczynski died in Warsaw on 13 October 2016 of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 82.
Melina Mercouri

Melina Mercouri (31 October 1925 - 6 March 1994) was a Greek actress, singer, and politician.
Personal Life
Mercouri's parents were Stamatis Mercouris and Irene Lappa. Her father was the governor of a section of Athens. She went to school at the Academy of the National Theatre, Athens from 1943 to 1946.
In 1939, Mercouri married Panayiotis Harokopus. They divorced in 1962. Mercouri remarried in 1966 to Jules Dassin.
She died from lung cancer at age 73 in New York City.
Career
Mercouri was an actor in many movies. Her first movie was Stella in 1955. She later acted in Topkapi (1964), and Never on Sunday (1960). Her husband, Dassin, was the director of these movies. Mercouri also acted and sang in the musical llya, Darling (1967). She became very famous for her work in Never on Sunday. Mercouri also was awarded an Academy Award nomination for best actress from that role. Later, she became the Greek Minister of Culture and Sciences. Her job was to educate about Greek history, art and sports. While in this job, Mercouri supported Greek arts, sports, and women's rights. She became part of the Greek Parliament in 1977. Mercouri was also an author. She wrote her autobiography: I Was Born Greek.
Wave function

In quantum mechanics, the Wave function, usually represented by Ps, or ps, describes the probability of finding an electron somewhere in its matter wave. To be more precise, the square of the wave function gives the probability of finding the location of the electron in the given area, since the normal answer for the wave function is usually a complex number. The wave function concept was first introduced in the Schrodinger equation.
Breil/Brigels

Breil/Brigels (, ) is a municipality of the district Surselva of the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of Andiast and Waltensburg/Vuorz merged into the municipality of Breil/Brigels.
Focus (optics)

In geometrical optics, a focus (also called an image point) is the point where light rays that come from a point on the object converge (come together).
In reality the focus is never a point but a small spot called the blur circle.
An image, or image point or region, is in focus if light from object points is converged almost as much as possible in the image, and out of focus if light is not well converged.
Ulster Scots dialect

Ulster Scots, sometimes called Ullans, is a dialect of Scots spoken in some of the northern parts of Ireland, across Ulster. It is closely related to the English language.
Abbeville, Alabama

Abbeville is a city in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It is the county seat of Henry County. It is part of the Dothan, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2020, 2,358 people lived in Abbeville.
The government of Abbeville is a mayor and a city council. The city council is made up of five people. Each city councilperson is elected from one of five districts in the city.
Location
The coordinates for Abbeville are: (31.566367, -85.251300). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the size of the city is . This includes of land and
of water.
History
Abbeville was a colonial town. It is the oldest still standing colonial settlement in eastern Alabama. It's older than Henry County and the State of Alabama. The city was named after a Muscogee Indian man named "Abbe." He was a Native American who lived nearby when the city was started. The name means "a grove of dogwood trees."
In 1819, there was a trading post in Abbeville. (A trading post is a small settlement that has been set up for trading. Trading posts are usually located in remote places.) At this time, the area was part of Alabama Territory.
In 1944, there was a famous civil rights event that happened in Abbeville. An African-American woman was gang-raped by six white men. The men told the police that they had raped her. Two grand juries decided not to take them to court. Because of this, the men were never punished. This event was written about in the book At the Dark End of the Street.
By 1950, there were 2,162 people living in Abbeville.
Demographics
In 2020, Abbeville had 2,358 people living there. It was 49.4% white, 44.1% black or African-American, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 2.2% other races, and 3.5% mixed race. Of the people in Abbeville, 2.8% were Hispanic or Latino.
Spirit AeroSystems

Spirit AeroSystems, Inc. ("Spirit") is the world's biggest first-tier aerostructures manufacturer. They are in Wichita, Kansas. Spirit's main competition comes from Triumph Aerostructures - Vought Aircraft Division, UTC Aerospace Systems, Leonardo, and Kawasaki Heavy Industries.
Ranking member

In United States politics, a ranking member is the most senior member of a congressional or state legislative committee from the minority party.
When party control of a legislative chamber changes, a committee's ranking minority member is likely, though not assured, to become the next chairman of the committee, and vice versa.
Julie Bishop (politician)

Julie Isabel Bishop (born 17 July 1956) is an Australian politician. She was the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 18 September 2013 to 26 August 2018. She also served as Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party from 29 November 2007 to 24 August 2018. For her efforts made in the aftermath of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, she was given a medal of merit by the Netherlands at the NATO summit in Newport, Wales. Since 2019, she has been the chancellor of the Australian National University (ANU).
Bishop was born in Lobethal, South Australia. She was married to Neil Gillon from 1983 until 1988. She is a Christian.
Confort

Confort is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Coprolite

A coprolite is fossilized faeces. Coprolites are trace fossils, not body fossils. They give evidence of the animal's behaviour (in this case, its diet).
The name is taken from the Greek words kopros (kopros, meaning "dung") and lithos (lithos, meaning "stone"). They were first described by William Buckland in 1829.
Moringhem

Moringhem is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais of the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Butaritari (constituency)

Butaritari is a constituency of Kiribati, electing two members. It includes the island of Butaritari.
Ann Sheridan

Ann Sheridan (Clara Lou Sheridan; February 21, 1915 - January 21, 1967) was an American actress. She worked regularly from 1934 to her death in 1967, first in movie and later in television. Notable roles include Angels With Dirty Faces (1938), The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942), Kings Row (1942) and I Was a Male War Bride (1949).
Sheridan was born Clara Lou Sheridan on February 21, 1915 in Denton, Texas. She studied at the University of North Texas.
Sheridan was married to Edward Norris from 1936 until they divorced in 1939. Then she was married to George Brent from 1942 until they divorced in 1943. Then she was married to Scott McKay from 1966 until her death in 1967. She had one son, Richard that she gave up for adoption, but later located him when she was in poor health. The father of Richard is not known.
Sheridan died on January 21, 1967 in Los Angeles, California from esophageal cancer and liver cancer, aged 51. She is buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery.
Stephen Milburn Anderson

Stephen Milburn Anderson (March 13, 1948 - May 1, 2015) was an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He wrote and directed eight movies. He was best known for South Central, which was produced by Oliver Stone and released by Warner Bros. in 1992. He also wrote and directed Cash (2010), starring Sean Bean and Chris Hemsworth. He produced the Academy Award-winning short movie Ray's Male Heterosexual Dance Hall (1987). He was born in New Mexico.
Anderson died from throat cancer on May 1, 2015 in Denver, Colorado, aged 67. His wife of more than thirty years, Mary Weir, outlived him.
Forres

Forres is a town in Moray. It was a historic Royal Burgh and is near the Moray Firth and Findhorn Bay. To the east of the town is Elgin, To the west is Nairn. To the south is Logie and Grantown on Spey, and to the north is Kinloss and Findhorn.
Education
In Forres there are three primary schools: Pilmuir, Andersons and Applegrove. There is one secondary school, which is Forres Academy.
Monuments, landmarks and museums
Monuments include the Suenos Stone, the War Memorial and Nelson's Tower. Landmarks include Cluny Hill and Grant Park, Sanquhar Woods. There is a museum in Forres, the Falconer Museum.
Mr. Trash Wheel

Mr. Trash Wheel also known as the Inner Harbor Trash Wheel, is a trash interceptor. It removes trash from the Inner Harbor in Baltimore, Maryland. It is powered by water and solar power. It moves through the water and sorts trash into a conveyor belt that empties it into a dumpster on the vessel.
Overview
Mr. Trash Wheel removes garbage from the Inner Harbor. The garbage comes from the streets flowing into the water, particularly during storms. Usually the current from the Jones Falls river powers the wheel's movement. When the stream is slow it is powered by solar panels.
Bible version debate

The Bible is a collection of texts. The original of these texts were written in different languages. Today, the collection of texts that is called The Bible is written in one language only. For this reason, at least some texts need to be translated. Versions of the Bible are also different in the texts they include, some texts are not part of some Bible versions. One of the first such translations is the Septuagint, which is Ancient Greek. Another well-known translation is the Vulgate, which is Latin. From about the 14th century, the Bible was also translated into other languages.
Types of translation
Translating a text is also always linked to looking at its meaning, and to interpreting it. A word in one language cannot be translated into a word in a different language, with exactly the same meaning.
Formal equivalence
One such method of translation is called literal translation or formal equivalence. Literal translation tries to be as close as possible to what is written in the original language. Often this means translating each word separately. There are a number of problems with literal translations: First, words must be added, to get a valid grammar in the target language. These words are not in the source text. The second problem is that the reader must be familiar with the subject, to understand some of the translation.
Dynamic equivalence
Another way is to look at the thoughts and ideas of the source text and to get these into the target language. This is called dynamic equivalence. A translation that uses dynamic equivalence may use other words and phrases, but tries to keep the meaning intact.
Paraphrasing
A third way is called paraphrasing. It tries to explain the concepts that are found in the text, and does not even use dynamic equivalence. That way, paraphrasing may leave out sections of text, or add other sections that explain these concepts. A paraphrased text may be very easy to understand, but is not suited for in-depth study.
Unknown words
Another problem that can occur with translation is that the meaning of some words may not be known. This is often the case with words that only occur once in a text. Such words are known as Hapax legomena. Their meaning must be guessed from the context.
Selecting the source
Before the invention of the printing press, texts had to be copied by hand. This introduced errors. After a certain time there were different versions of the same text. Comparing such versions is known as textual criticism. The translation of two different versions of the same text may result in two different texts.
Translating names
Some translators also translate the names, others simply write the name as it occurs in the original.
Bernd Franke

Bernd Franke (born 12 February, 1948) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
Josef Kainz

Josef Gottfried Ignaz Kainz (2 January 1858 - 20 September 1910) was an Austrian actor. He was one of the greatest actors of the German-speaking theatre. He was known for his works in Hamlet, Richard II, Schiller's Don Carlos and as Franz Moor in The Robbers.
Hot Fuss

Hot Fuss is the first studio album by the Killers. The Killers are an American rock band. The album was released on June 7, 2004 in the United Kingdom. It was released on June 15, 2004, in the United States. Island Records released the album. The album had four singles. The singles are "Mr. Brightside", "Somebody Told Me", "All These Things That I've Done" and "Smile Like You Mean It".
The album was number seven on the Billboard 200. It was number one on the UK Albums Chart. Hot Fuss was nominated for five Grammy Awards. the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) gave the album a platinum certification.
Track listing
All tracks are produced by Jeff Saltzman and the Killers, except "Everything Will Be Alright". Brandon Flowers produced this song.
Pete Young

Bryan Owen "Pete" Young (born March 19 1968 in Meadville, Mississippi) is a former right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Montreal Expos in 1992 and 1993. He went to Mississippi State University, where he played college baseball.
Career
On June 2, , Young was drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 22nd round of the amateur draft, but did not sign to play Minor League Baseball with Cincinnati, deciding to instead attend Mississippi State where he practiced to become a better pitcher. Young was drafted again on June 5, by the Montreal Expos in the 6th round (148th overall pick) of the amateur draft. This time, Young signed to play in the minors in the Expos organization.
Young made his major league debut on June 5, with the Expos at age 24. On that day, Young pitched 1 2/3 innings against the Reds, striking out one batter. The Expos lost the game 10-4. Young played his final major league game for the Expos on July 18, ; on February 18, , he was purchased along with Matt Stairs by the Boston Red Sox organization, but his career ended that season after not reaching the major league club.
At the time of his retirement, Young had earned a career earned run average of 3.63. He finished with 25 2/3 innings pitched, striking out 14 batters, and playing in a total of 17 games. He allowed 22 hits, 1 home run, and 9 walks. He only got one win in his career, on July 10, against the San Diego Padres. Young came to bat only once in his two-season career.
Luverne, Minnesota

Luverne () is a city in Rock County, Minnesota, United States. About 4,745 lived here since the 2010 census. It is the county seat.
Bank of Hong Kong

Bank of Hong Kong Limited, BOHK, is a smaller part of Bank of Hong Kong Holdings. It is the second-largest commercial banking group in Hong Kong in terms of how much money and property it has and how much money its customers have in the bank. It had around 197 branches in Hong Kong as of end 2016. It is also one of the three commercial banks licensed by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority to issue banknotes for the Hong Kong dollar.
BOHK is also the biggest member and a founder of the JETCO ATM and payment system. It is the official clearing bank in Hong Kong for exchanges of money or property involving the Renminbi (RMB / CNH).
BOHK was established on October 1, 2001 from a merger of 12 smaller and associate banks in Hong Kong, including the Bank of Communications, China & South Sea Bank, China State Bank Limited, Hua Chiao Commercial Bank, Kincheng Banking Corporation, Kwangtung Provincial Ban, National Commercial Bank Limited, National Industrial Bank of China, Sin Hua Bank Limited, Wo Sang Bank, Yien Yieh Commercial Bank, and Young Brothers Banking Corporation, and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in October 2002. As of the end of 2016, the bank had HK$2,327 billion in assets and operating profit of HK$29 billion. Its head office is in the Bank of Hong Kong Tower in Central, Hong Kong. The head office, completed in 1988, and was the first building outside of North America to be more than 1,000 feet (300 m) high.
Myocarditis

Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is inflammation and infection of the heart muscle. Symptoms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, unable to exercise, and an irregular heartbeat. The duration of problems can vary from hours to months. Problems caused by this may include heart failure due to cardiomyopathy or cardiac arrest.
Great Southern Land

"Great Southern Land" is a 1982 song by Australian new wave band Icehouse. It is the leading single from their second studio album Primitive Man. It went to number 5 in Australia and number 10 in New Zealand. It was used in the 1988 movie Young Einstein.
Track listing
All tracks were written by Iva Davies.
Aberystwyth University

Aberystwyth University () is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales.
The university was a founding Member Institution of the University of Wales, a group of Welsh universities which all issued degrees from the 'University of Wales'. After the University of Wales split, Aberystwyth started issuing its own 'Aberystwyth University' degrees again.
There are over 7,500 students in the University's three main schools of arts, social science and the sciences.
Cherryfield, Maine

Cherryfield is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States.
Opera, Lombardy

Opera is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region of Lombardy.
Eric Saade

Eric Saade (born 29 October 1990 in Helsingborg, Sweden) is a Swedish singer. He spent two years with as boy band called What's Up!. He left the band in February 2009 to for a solo career. He won the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2011 with the song "Popular". He represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Germany, placing third in the final.
Saade is of Palestinian descent on his father's side.
El Segundo, California

El Segundo is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States.
Milada Horáková

Milada Horakova (nee Kralova, 25 December 1901 - 27 June 1950) was a Czech politician and a victim of a judicial murder. She was executed by Communists on charges of treason. Moreover she was the only woman who was executed within these proceedings. She was born and died in Prague.
Youth and studies
She was born as Milada Kralova in Prague. She had three siblings. In 1918 she was excluded from grammar school, because she participated at antiwar demonstrations, which was banned. Nevertheless in 1921 she graduated at another grammar school. She was awarded one's degree in 1926 at Law School at the Charles University. When she met with the senator Frantiska Plaminkova, the founder of Women's National Council, she joined.
The First Republic
Shortly after her studies she got married with Bohuslav Horak, an agricultural economist. In 1933 she gave birth to a girl called Jana.
She is considered as an important czech feminist. Moreover she participated in creating new Civil Code.
In her life she travelled a lot, for example to England, France and the USSR. She could even speak english, french and german.
World War II
After year 1939 she used to ensure flats and gain secret information. Unfourtunately on august 2 1940, her husband and her were arrested by gestapo. Two years she was kept at Charles Square, after Heydrich's assassination was sent to Terezin. In june 1944 she was sent to Liepzig and Dresden. Prosecutor proposed her death penalty, however it was changed to 8 years of penitentiary. She was discharged by american army in Aichachu close to Munich in 1945.
Postwar Period
After her exemption she returned to Prague, where she again met her husband, who survived the death march.
February 25 1948 - september 27 1949 at this time she was little by little excluded from all of her public positions. Horakova got into a view-finder as a suitable candidate for an action of STB called "the middle". It was planned to execute her on september 27 1949. The attempt of arresting her was not successful because she was not at home.
Investigation and the trial
Maltreating Horakova is proved by her fellow inmates Zdena Masinova. The proces with Milada Horakova lasted since may 31 till june 8, 1950, and was contrived as a public political process. There was onwards learned screenplay, according to which the defendants were forced to behave.
Judicial Murder
Milada Horakova refused the petition for mercy. Moreover president Gottwald, formally on recommendation of Minister of Justice, signed the death penalty. Her last letter she wrote the day she was executed at 2:30 at night. Her execution was effectuated by hanging her at Pankrac prison yard on june 27, 1950 at 5:35 am.
Inspiration
During her life she was strongly influenced by thoughts of T. G. Masaryk and later even Edvard Benes.
Badwater Basin

Badwater Basin is a basin in Death Valley National Park, Death Valley, California. The water which goes into it does not flow into any ocean.
Badwater Basin is the lowest point in North America, at below sea level. Mount Whitney, the highest point in the 48 states, is only 76 miles west of the Basin. It is one of the lowest places in Death Valley.
Badwater Basin has a small natural pool of undrinkable water next to the road. The water comes from a spring. It is called 'Badwater' because people cannot drink the water. This is because so much salt has built up from the basin. The pool does have animals and plants living there, including pickleweed, insects, and the Badwater snail.
The pool is not actually the lowest point of the basin. The lowest point is several miles to the west; the exact point which is lowest changes over time. However, the salt flats are dangerous to travel across (in many cases being only a thin white crust over mud). Therefore, the sign states that the lowest point is at the pool, where people can see it. This is not the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere. Laguna del Carbon in Argentina is lower, at -105 meters (-344 feet).
Geography
At Badwater Basin, big rainstorms sometimes flood the bottom of the valley. They cover the salt pan with a thin sheet of standing water. This makes new lakes, but the lakes do not last long. This is because the average of rain that falls every year is much lower than the a 150-inch annual evaporation rate, so all the water evaporates away. This means that even a 12-foot-deep, 30-mile-long lake would dry up in a single year. While the basin is flooded, some of the salt dissolves and goes back into the basin as clean crystals when the water evaporates.
Painted on the cliff above Badwater is a sign that says "Sea Level" which people visiting like to look at.
History
During the Holocene, when the regional climate was less dry, streams that ran from mountains in the area slowly filled Death Valley until it was 3 feet (1m) deep. Eventually, there was a long lake, Lake Manly.
The wet times with much rain did not last. The temperature got warmer, and there was less rain. The lake began to dry up, and as the water evaporated, the lake became saltier. Eventually, only a soup of brine was left. Salts (95% table salt: NaCl) began to turn into crystals, covering the surface with a thick crust from three inches to five feet thick (1-1.7m).
Phoenix Park Murders

The Phoenix Park Murders were the fatal stabbings on 6 May 1882 in Phoenix Park in Dublin, Ireland. Lord Frederick Cavendish and Thomas Henry Burke were killed. Cavendish was the newly appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, and Burke was the Permanent Undersecretary, the most senior Irish civil servant. The assassination was carried out by members of the "Irish National Invincibles".
Murders
Cavendish and Burke were attacked as they walked through Phoenix Park to the Viceregal Lodge. This was the "out of season" residence of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (the King's representative and head of the Irish affairs). Thomas Myles, surgeon at the nearby Dr Steevens' Hospital, was called to help the victims.
The Lord Lieutenant, Lord Spencer, described suddenly hearing screams, before seeing a man running to the Lodge grounds shouting "Lord Frederick Cavendish and Mr. Burke are killed." Responsibility for the political murders was claimed by a small, until then unknown Republican organisation called the Irish National Invincibles.
Investigation
The hunt for the murderers was led by Superintendent John Mallon, a Catholic who came from Armagh. Mallon had a pretty good idea of who was involved. He suspected a number of former Fenian activists. A large number of suspects were arrested and kept in prison by claiming they were connected with other crimes. Mallon got several of them to reveal what they knew about the murders.
The Invincibles' leader James Carey, Michael Kavanagh and Joe Hanlon agreed to testify against the others. Joe Brady, Michael Fagan, Thomas Caffrey, Dan Curley and Tim Kelly were convicted of the murder. They were hanged in Kilmainham Gaol in Dublin between 14 May and 4 June 1883. Others were sentenced to serve long prison terms.
Political results
Irish politician Charles Stewart Parnell made a speech condemning the murders in 1882. This increased his popularity in both Britain and Ireland.
In March 1887, The Times printed letters that said they were written by Parnell. The letters said that he agreed with the murderers of the English politicians, and that his speech saying otherwise was not true. It later came to light that the letters were not written by Parnell. They were forgeries written by journalist Richard Pigott. Parnell was personally shown to be innocent by the Parnell Commission in 1888-89.
Giovan Francesco Gonzaga

Giovan Francesco Gonzaga (born October 12, 1921 in Milan; died October 2, 2007 in Milan) was an Italian painter and sculptor.
Biography
Attend young "Castello Sforzesco" (of Milan) where he enjoys copying the studies and designs of the past greats such as Leonardo and Michelangelo.
Unlike other artists, and he will remain a self-taught.
Gonzaga has a stylistic autonomous and recognizable.
The subjects are usually depicted horses, riders, still lifes, soldiers, portraits and landscapes; interesting are the sacred subjects such as crucifixions, and especially the portraits of the Virgin Mary, etc.
Works in museums
Art Museum of Los Angeles (USA)
National Museum of Tel Aviv (Israel).
Museums in Italy
Museo d'arte of Avellino with I due corsieri (1995) and Paesaggio bergamasco (2000).
Museo del Reggimento Savoia Cavalleria of Grosseto with Soldati del Savoia Cavalleria.
Museo storico dell'arma di cavalleria of Pinerolo (TO).
Museo storico della Guardia di Finanza of Rome with Il finanziere.
Towns County, Georgia

Towns County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,493. Its county seat is Hiawassee. The county was created on March 6, 1856.
Newsweek

Newsweek is an American weekly news magazine created in 1933. It was a widely published newspaper weekly during the 20th century, with many well-known editors-in-chief over the years. Newsweek was later bought by The Washington Post Company in 1961, which kept it until 2010. After having difficulties with keeping money from 2008 until 2012, they started only publishing online. The print edition was trmsfr in March 2014.
Lowering in earnings resulted in an August 2010 sale by The Washington Post Company to sounds technician Sidney Harman for a price of one dollar and taking ownership of any potential problems with the magazine.. Later that year, Newsweek joined with The Daily Beast, making The Newsweek Daily Beast Company. In 2013, IBT Media said it had taken over Newsweek from IAC; the sale included the Newsweek name and its online newspaper, but not The Daily Beast. IBT Media renamed itself as Newsweek Media Group in 2017 and rebranded back to IBT Media in 2018.
Arthur Harden

Sir Arthur Harden, FRS (12 October 1865 - 17 June 1940) was a British biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 with Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin for their investigations into the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes. He was a founding member of the Biochemical Society and editor of its journal for 25 years.
Terrehault

Terrehault is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Stockholm

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Stockholm (; ) is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Sweden. The seat is in Stockholm. The diocese is the only Roman Catholic one in Sweden since the Protestant Reformation back in the 16th century.
In current form, the diocese has been around since 1953.
Goro Shimura

was a Japanese mathematician. He was the Michael Henry Strater Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at Princeton University. He worked in number theory, automorphic forms, and arithmetic geometry.
He was known for developing the theory of complex multiplication of abelian varieties and Shimura varieties, as well as the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture which led to the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem.
Shimura died on 3 May 2019 at the age of 89.
The Saint (1997 movie)

The Saint is a 1997 American action romance movie directed by Phillip Noyce and starring Val Kilmer, Elisabeth Shue, Rade Serbedzija, Valery Nikolaev, Alun Armstrong, Henry Goodman, Yevgeni Lazarev, Irina Apeksimova, Lev Prygunov, Charlotte Cronwell. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and was based on the 1960's British television programme of the same name.
Bizen, Okayama

is a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. , 32,019 people lived there. The total area is .
Cities in Japan
Settlements in Okayama Prefecture
California grizzly bear

The California grizzly bear (Ursus arctos californicus) is an extinct population or subspecies of the brown bear.
The California grizzly bear was much like the Kodiak bear of the southern coast of Alaska.
The grizzly became a symbol of the Bear Flag Republic.
New Zealand at the 2012 Summer Olympics

New Zealand won a total of 6 gold medals during the 2012 Summer Olympics which were held in Great Britain. They won a total of 13 medals.