September 13

Events
Up to 1900
509 BC The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September.
81 Domitian becomes Roman Emperor.
122 The building of Hadrian's Wall begins.
335 Emperor Constantine I consecrates the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.
533 Belisarius and the Roman Empire defeat Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimium near Carthage, North Africa.
604 Pope Sabinianus is consecrated.
1440 Gilles de Rais is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes.
1501 Michelangelo begins work on his famous statue David.
1541 John Calvin returns to Geneva after three years in exile, to re-form the Calvinist Church.
1584 The Spanish royal palace San Lorenzo del Escorial, near Madrid, is completed.
1598 Philip III of Spain becomes King.
1609 Henry Hudson reaches the river that will later be named after him - the Hudson River.
1743 England, Austria and Savoy-Sardinia sign the Treaty of Worms.
1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham: British defeat French near Quebec City in the Seven Years' War, known in the United States as the French and Indian War.
1782 American Revolutionary War: French-Spanish troops launch the unsuccessful "grand assault" during the Great Siege of Gibraltar.
1788 The United States Constitutional Convention sets the date for the country's first presidential election, and New York City becomes the temporary capital of the U.S.
1791 King Louis XVI of France accepts the new constitution
1813 The British fail to capture Baltimore, Maryland. Turning point in the War of 1812.
1843 The Greek Army rebels against the autocratic rule of King Otto of Greece.
1847 Mexican-American War: Six teenage military cadets known as Ninos Heroes die defending Chapultepec Castle in the Battle of Chapultepec. American General Winfield Scott captures Mexico City in the Mexican-American War.
1848 American Phineas Gage survives an accident in which an iron pole goes through his head. The resulting change in his behaviour becomes the subject of several scientific studies.
1850 First successful climb of Piz Bernina, the highest summit in the Eastern portion of the Alps.
1858 A fire on German passenger steamer Austria kills 471 people.
1862 Union soldiers find Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland.
1898 Hannibal Williston Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film
1899 Henry Bliss is the first person in the United States to be killed in an automobile accident.
1900 Filipino resistance fighters defeat a larger American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, during the Philippine American War.
1901 1950
1906 First airplane flight in Europe
1914 During World War I, South African troops open hostilities in German SW Africa (Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.
1914 World War I: Battle of Aisne begins between France and Germany.
1922 The temperature (in the shade) at Al 'Aziziyah, Libya reaches a world record 136.4 degF (58 degC), though this measurement was doubted in 2012 and the record given back to the 57 degrees Celsius measured at Death Valley, California in 1913.
1923 Military coup in Spain - Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship.
1928 A hurricane devastates the Caribbean.
1933 Elizabeth McCombs becomes the first woman to be elected to the New Zealand Parliament.
1939 Canada enters World War II.
1940 World War II: German bombs damage Buckingham Palace.
1940 World War II: Italy invades Egypt.
1941 Two of the worst tragedies in Norwegian shipping occur. In the Finnmark region, a passenger steamer of the Hurtigruten line is sunk by a British U-boat, killing 99. On the same night, at Vestfjord, a passenger ship is sunk by a British torpedo, killing 112.
1943 Chiang Kai-shek elected president of the Republic of China.
1948 Margaret Chase Smith is elected senator, and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
1950 West Germany holds its first census, establishing a population of 47.3 million.
1951 2000
1953 Nikita Khrushchev is appointed secretary-general of the Soviet Union.
1956 The dyke around the Dutch polder East Flevoland is closed.
1959 The Soviet Lunik 2 space probe lands on the moon.
1965 Baseball: Willie Mays becomes the fifth member of the 500 home run club with a home run at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas.
1968 Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact.
1970 First running of the New York City Marathon.
1971 State police and National Guardsmen storm New York's Attica Prison to end a prison revolt. 42 people die in the assault.
1971 Frank Robinson becomes the 11th member of the 500 home run club with a home run at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland.
1979 South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognized outside South Africa).
1985 The Super Mario Bros. video game is released by Nintendo in Japan.
1987 Goiania accident: A radioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiania, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and leading some to die from radiation poisoning.
1988 Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere (based on barometric pressure).
1989 Largest anti-Apartheid march is held in South Africa, led by Desmond Tutu.
1991 A concrete beam weighing 55 tons falls in the Olympic Stadium, Montreal, Canada.
1993 Public unveiling of the Oslo Accords, an Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement initiated by Norway.
1994 Ulysses probe passes the Sun's south pole.
1996 After surviving for six days, U.S. rapper/actor Tupac Shakur dies after being shot four times in a drive by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada.
1999 A bomb explodes in Moscow, Russia. At least 119 people are killed.
From 2001
2001 Civilian airplane traffic in the U.S., which had been grounded following the September 11, 2001 attacks, is allowed to resume.
2004 The anime InuYasha finishes its run in Japan with episode 167.
2005 The Israelis abandon the Gaza Strip.
2005 Major Japanese Pop group Do As Infinity announces that it's disbanding.
2007 The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is adopted by the United Nations General Assembly.
2008 Delhi, India is hit by a series of bomb blasts, killing 30.
2008 Hurricane Ike hits Texas.
2012 2012 U.S. diplomatic missions attacks: Protests spread to US diplomatic missions in Yemen, Morocco, Sudan and Yemen, as well as the Swiss Embassy in Tehran, which handles US interests in Iran.
Births
Up to 1850
64 Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus (d. 91)
678 K'inich Ahkal Mo' Naab' III, Mayan ruler (d. 730)
1087 John II Komnene, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1143)
1475 Cesare Borgia, Italian aristocrat and ruler (d. 1507)
1502 John Leland, English antiquarian (d. 1552)
1521 William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (d. 1598)
1594 Francesco Manelli, Italian composer (d. 1667)
1601 Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1678)
1630 Olaus Rudbeck, Swedish polymath (d. 1702)
1694 Yeongjo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1776)
1755 Oliver Evans, American inventor (d. 1819)
1766 Samuel Wilson, likely namesake of Uncle Sam (d. 1854)
1775 Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (d. 1868)
1802 Arnold Ruge, German philosopher and political writer (d. 1880)
1813 Jozsef Eotvos, Hungarian writer and statesman (d. 1871)
1813 John Sedgwick, American general (d. 1864)
1818 Gustave Aimard, French writer (d. 1893)
1819 Clara Schumann, German pianist and composer (d. 1896)
1830 Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Austrian writer (d. 1916)
1842 John H. Bankhead, American politician (d. 1920)
1842 Jan Puczyna de Kosielsno, Polish cardinal (d. 1911)
1851 1900
1851 Walter Reed, American bacteriologist (d. 1902)
1853 Hans Christian Gram, Danish bacteriologist (d. 1938)
1856 Sergei Winogradsky, Russian microbiologist (d. 1953)
1857 Milton S. Hershey, American confectioner (d. 1945)
1860 John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
1863 Arthur Henderson, British politician (d. 1935)
1865 William Birdwood, British general (d. 1951)
1872 Kijuro Shidehara, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1951)
1873 Constantin Caratheodory, Greek mathematician (d. 1950)
1874 Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-born composer (d. 1951)
1874 Henry F. Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962)
1876 Sherwood Anderson, American writer (d. 1941)
1877 Wilhelm Filchner, German explorer (d. 1957)
1877 Stanley Lord, English captain (d. 1962)
1880 Jesse L. Lasky, American movie producer (d. 1958)
1882 Ramon Grau, 6th President of Cuba (d. 1969)
1883 Giovanni Pastrone, Italian filmmaker (d. 1959)
1884 Petros Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1957)
1885 Wilhelm Blaschke, Austrian mathematician and author (d. 1962)
1885 Alain LeRoy Locke, American writer, philosopher and educator (d. 1954)
1886 Robert Robinson, British chemist (d. 1975)
1886 Amelie Beese, German pilot (d. 1925)
1887 Lavoslav Ruzicka, Croatian chemist (d. 1976)
1887 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American politician (d. 1944)
1890 Antony Noghes, French businessman (d. 1978)
1891 Max Pruss, German airship commander (d. 1960)
1892 Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia (d. 1980)
1893 Larry Shields, American clarinetist (d. 1953)
1894 J. B. Priestley, British playwright and novelist (d. 1984)
1894 Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (d. 1953)
1895 Morris Kirksey, American athlete (d. 1981)
1899 Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938)
1901 1950
1903 Claudette Colbert, French-born actress (d. 1996)
1904 Luigi Bertolini, Italian footballer (d. 1977)
1908 Carlos Peucelle, Argentine footballer (d. 1990)
1908 Mae Questel, American actress (d. 1998)
1908 Sicco Mansholt, Dutch politician, 4th President of the European Commission (d. 1995)
1909 Frits Thors, Dutch newscaster (d. 2014)
1909 James A. Rhodes, Governor of Ohio (d. 2001)
1911 Bill Monroe, American Country musician (d. 1996)
1912 Horace W. Babcock, American astronomer (d. 2003)
1913 Tadao Horie, Japanese footballer (d. 2003)
1914 Leonard Feather, British-born jazz pianist, composer and producer (d. 1994)
1916 Roald Dahl, British writer (d. 1990)
1918 Ray Charles, American musician (d. 2015)
1918 Dick Haymes, American singer and actor (d. 1980)
1918 Rosemary Kennedy, sister of John F. Kennedy (d. 2005)
1919 Olle Anderberg, Swedish wrestler (d. 2003)
1919 Mary Midgley, English philosopher and author (d. 2018)
1923 Zoya Ksmodenskaya, Soviet-Russian partisan (d. 1941)
1924 Maurice Jarre, French composer (d. 2009)
1924 Norman Alden, American actor (d. 2012)
1925 Frank Cashen, American Major League Baseball general manager (d. 2014)
1926 Emile Francis, Canadian ice hockey player
1927 Tzannis Tzannetakis, former Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2010)
1928 Robert Indiana, American painter (d. 2018)
1929 Nicolai Ghiaurov, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 2004)
1931 Marjorie Jackson-Nelson, 33rd Governor of South Australia
1931 Barbara Bain, American actress
1936 Stefano Delle Chiaie, Italian activist (d. 2019)
1938 John Smith, British politician (d. 1994)
1939 Arleen Auger, American soprano (d. 1993)
1939 Richard Kiel, American actor (d. 2014)
1939 Larry Speakes, American journalist (d. 2014)
1939 Guntis Ulmanis, former President of Latvia
1939 Bill Janklow, former Governor of South Dakota (d. 2012)
1939 Joel-Peter Witkin, American photographer
1940 Oscar Arias, former President of Costa Rica
1941 Ahmet Necdet Sezer, 10th President of Turkey
1941 Ed Roberts, American inventor (d. 2010)
1941 David Clayton-Thomas, Canadian singer
1941 Tadao Ando, Japanese architect
1942 Hissene Habre, 7th President of Chad
1944 Jacqueline Bisset, British actress
1944 Peter Cetera, American musician
1945 Gertrude Mongella, Tanzanian politician
1946 Frank Marshall, American movie producer, director and actor
1948 Sitiveni Rabuka, 3rd Prime Minister of Fiji
1949 Dennis Pendrith, Canadian bass player
1949 John W. Henry, American businessman
1950 Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, 8th Prime Minister of Poland
1951 1975
1952 Randy Jones, American musician (The Village People)
1954 Shigeharu Ueki, Japanese footballer
1955 Joe Morris, American musician
1955 Colin Moynihan, British politician, Chairman of the British Olympic Association
1956 Anne Geddes, Australian photographer
1956 Alain Ducasse, French chef
1957 Vinny Appice, American drummer
1957 Cesare Bocci, Italian actor and television presenter
1958 Bobby Davro, British comedian
1958 Peter Wirnsberger, Austrian skier
1960 Greg Baldwin, American actor
1960 Hubert Schwarz, German skier and ski jumper
1961 Dave Mustaine, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and actor
1962 Tone Onnepalu, Estonian writer
1964 Tavis Smiley, American talk show host, journalist and writer
1964 Mladen Mladenovic, Croatian footballer
1965 Zak Starkey, British musician
1965 Diego Aguirre, Uruguayan footballer
1966 Maria Furtwaengler, German physician
1967 Michael Johnson, American Olympic Games gold medalist in track and field
1967 Jim "Ripper" Owens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1969 Shane Warne, Australian cricketer
1969 Daniel Fonseca, Uruguayan footballer
1969 Tyler Perry, American actor, director, screenwriter and producer
1970 Louise Lombard, British actress
1970 Martin Herrera, Argentine footballer
1971 Goran Ivanisevic, Croatian tennis player
1971 Stella McCartney, British fashion designer
1973 Christine Arron, French runner
1973 Fabio Cannavaro, Italian footballer
1974 Travis Knight, American basketball player
1975 Ian Carey, American DJ and music producer
From 1976
1977 Fiona Apple, American singer-songwriter and pianist
1978 Peter Sunde, Swedish entrepreneur
1979 Manuel Friedrich, German footballer
1980 Andreas Biermann, German footballer (d. 2014)
1980 Gilberto Ribeiro Goncalves, Brazilian footballer
1980 Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player
1982 Miha Jupan, Slovenian basketball player
1982 Alison Thewliss, Scottish politician
1983 James Bourne, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
1985 Emi Suzuki, Japanese model and actress
1985 David Jordan, English singer-songwriter
1986 Kamui Kobayashi, Japanese racing driver
1987 Tzvetana Pironkova, Bulgarian tennis player
1987 Fraizer Campbell, English footballer
1987 Luke Fitzgerald, Irish rugby player
1988 Keith Treacy, Irish footballer
1989 Thomas Muller, German footballer
1991 Ksenia Afanasyeva, Russian artistic gymnast
1993 Niall Horan, Irish singer (One Direction)
1993 Alice Merton, German singer
1994 Leonor Andrade, Portuguese singer and actress
1995 Robbie Kay, English actor
Deaths
Up to 1900
81 Titus, Roman Emperor (b. 39)
1321 Dante Alighieri, Italian poet (b. 1265)
1409 Isabella of Valois, Queen of England (b. 1389)
1438 Duarte, King of Portugal (b. 1391)
1506 Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter
1557 John Cheke, English classical scholar (b. 1514)
1592 Michel de Montaigne, French writer (b. 1533)
1598 Philip II, King of Spain (b. 1526)
1624 Ketevan of Kakheti, Christian martyr and Queen of Kakheti, Georgia (b. 1565)
1632 Archduke Leopold V of Austria (b. 1586)
1759 James Wolfe, British general (b. 1727)
1806 Charles James Fox, British politician (b. 1749)
1808 Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (b. 1748)
1813 Hezqeyas of Ethiopia, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia
1872 Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (b. 1804)
1881 Ambrose Burnside, US General (b. 1824)
1901 2000
1905 Rene Goblet, 52nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1828)
1910 Rajanikanta Sen, Bengali poet and musician (b. 1865)
1912 Joseph Furphy, Australian writer (b. 1843)
1915 Andrew L. Harris, 44th Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
1928 Italo Svevo, Italian writer (b. 1861)
1929 Jatindra Nath Das, Indian activist (b. 1904)
1931 Lili Elbe, Danish model and painter (b. 1882)
1937 David Robertson, Scottish golfer and rugby player (b. 1869)
1941 Elias Disney, Canadian father of Walt Disney (b. 1859)
1944 W. Heath Robinson, English cartoonist (b. 1872)
1944 Noor Inayat Khan, Indian-British agent (b. 1914)
1946 William Watt, Australian politician, 24th Premier of Victoria (b. 1871)
1946 Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter, sculptor and illustrator (b. 1875)
1946 Amon Goeth, Austrian war criminal (b. 1908)
1949 August Krogh, Danish zoologist, won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1874)
1960 Leo Weiner, Hungarian composer and music educator (b. 1885)
1967 Robert George, 24th Governor of South Australia (b. 1896)
1971 Lin Biao, Chinese political leader (b. 1907)
1973 Betty Field, American actress (b. 1913)
1976 Armand Mondou, French-Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1905)
1977 Leopold Stokowski, British conductor (b. 1882)
1987 Mervyn LeRoy, American movie director (b. 1900)
1991 Metin Oktay, Turkish footballer (b. 1936)
1991 Robert Irving, British conductor (b. 1913)
1991 Joe Pasternak, American director (b. 1901)
1996 Tupac Shakur, aka 2Pac, American rapper and actor (b. 1971)
1998 George Wallace, American politician (b. 1919)
1999 Benjamin Bloom, American educational theorist (b. 1913)
From 2001
2001 Dorothy McGuire, American actress (b. 1916)
2002 George Stanley, Canadian soldier, historian and author (b. 1907)
2003 Frank O'Bannon, Governor of Indiana (b. 1930)
2004 Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist (b. 1925)
2005 Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala, 33rd President of Colombia (b. 1916)
2006 Ann Richards, American politician, Governor of Texas (b. 1933)
2008 Peter Camejo, American politician (b. 1939)
2011 Richard Hamilton, British painter and collage artist (b. 1922)
2011 Walter Bonatti, Italian mountaineer (b. 1930)
2012 Peter Lougheed, Canadian politician, lawyer, and footballer, 10th Premier of Alberta (b. 1928)
2012 Otto Stich, Swiss politician (b. 1927)
2013 Salustiano Sanchez, Spanish-American supercentenarian (b. 1901)
2014 David Cawthorne Haines, Scottish aid worker (b. 1970)
2014 Benjamin Adekunle, Nigerian general (b. 1936)
2014 Frank Torre, American baseball player and manager (b. 1931)
2015 Moses Malone, American basketball player (b. 1955)
2017 Pete Domenici, American politician (b. 1932)
2017 Per Fugelli, Norwegian physician (b. 1943)
2017 Slavko Goldstein, Croatian Jewish writer, Holocaust survivor, publisher and politician (b. 1928)
2017 Grant Hart, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1961)
2017 Frank Vincent, American actor (b. 1937)
2017 Basil Gogos, Egyptian-born American magazine cover painter (b. 1929)
2017 Kazimierz Ryczan, Polish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1939)
2018 Guido Ceronetti, Italian journalist and poet (b. 1927)
2018 Marin Mazzie, American actress (b. 1960)
2018 Albrecht Wellmer, German philosopher (b. 1933)
2018 John Wilcock, British journalist (b. 1927)
2018 Martha Vaughan, American biochemist and physiologist (b. 1926)
2019 Asadollah Asgaroladi, Iranian businessman (b. 1934)
2019 Alex Grammas, American baseball player (b. 1926)
2019 Bruno Grandi, Italian sports executive (b. 1934)
2019 Rudi Gutendorf, German footballer and coach (b. 1926)
2019 Ghulam Shah Jeelani, Pakistani politician (b. 1957)
2019 Gyorgy Konrad, Hungarian novelist (b. 1933)
2019 Eddie Money, American singer-songwriter (b. 1949)
Observances
International Chocolate Day
Roald Dahl Day (UK, Africa, Latin America)
Days of the year