kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
History of Islam

Muslim history began in Arabia when Muhammad recited the Quran in the 7th century. The historical development of Islam has affected political, economic, and military trends both inside and outside the Islamic world.
As with Christianity, the concept of an Islamic world is useful when one looks at different periods of human history.
Early Muslim history
After Muhammad passed away, the Arab Muslim leadership was assumed by Abu Bakr. He was followed by Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali, and Mu'awiya I, who established the Umayyad Caliphate. Under these caliphs, Islam became one of the most important religions in the world. Under Umar, more than two thirds of the Eastern Roman Empire was conquered by the Arab Muslims. Umar also started the Muslim calendar. The Arab Islamic empire reached its largest geographical extent under the Umayyad Caliphate.
Islamic civil wars
The First Fitna
The first civil war in Islam, also known as the First Fitna broke out in Islam during the rule of the fourth caliph Ali and lasted throughout his caliphate. The third caliph Uthman ibn Affan had been murdered by rebel Muslim groups who had political motives. After Ali took over, the most important problem he faced was that of punishing those responsible for murder. However many people felt that before accepting the position of the caliph, Ali should have focused his attention on finding and punishing the murderers. A group of people led by Muhammad's wife Aisha, her brothers in law Talhah and Zubair ibn al-Awam refused to recognize Ali's caliphate. They instead raised an army which met Ali's army at Basra in Iraq, originally for the purposes of negotiations. In the night, some fighting broke out, probably out of confusion or due to rebel groups who were involved in the infamous murder. This led to the Battle of Bassorah (also known as Battle of the Camel) in which Ali's party emerged victorious. Aisha was escorted back to Medina honorably after the battle by Ali.
This battle however did not entirely finish the tension in the Muslim empire. Ali was soon challenged by Muawiyah, the governor of the Muslim provinces of Syria. He too raised the issue of punishing Uthman's murderers and refused to acknowledge Ali as caliph until the issue had been solved. Muawiyah was a kinsman of Uthman and his army pledged to bring to justice the murderers and those who sheltered them. This reference to people who are sheltering the murderers was towards Ali and his followers. Accordingly, the two groups met and fought a battle, called the Battle of Siffin. This battle ended in a draw and so both groups decided on arbitration which also did not lead to any concrete decision. Another group of Muslims, The Kharijites who had previously been with Ali, meanwhile rejected him because they felt that he was not following true Islam and conducting business over the caliphate as if it were his own property.
In the following years Ali's governors could not prevent his losing provinces to Muawiyah who increased his strength by further expanding his army. Ali had shifted the capital of the caliphate from Medina to Kufa in 656. He was killed by a Kharijite assassin in Kufa in 661.
Deserts of Australia

The deserts of Australia cover , or 18% of the Australian mainland.
However, about 35% of Australia gets so little rain it is actually a desert. The deserts in Australia are mainly in the Australian Shield and interior lowlands of the country.
By international standards, Australian deserts receive relatively high rates of rainfall. They are not necessarily devoid of vegetation: they have large areas where vegetation is very limited in height or extent.
Rainfall is mainly in the North and East of the country (especially the Daintree Rainforest), with some in the southern area. Almost all rain falls on the edges of the huge island, not in the centre.
Mirabeau B. Lamar

Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar (August 16, 1798 - December 19, 1859) was an attorney and politician, poet, diplomat and soldier. He was a leading Texas political figure during the Texas Republic era. He was elected as the second President of the Republic of Texas after Sam Houston.He was president 1839-1841
Prime Minister of Vanuatu

The prime minister of Vanuatu is the head of government of the Republic of Vanuatu.
Dirk Verbeuren

Dirk Verbeuren (born January 8th, 1975) is a Belgian drummer. He is currently the drummer of American thrash metal band Megadeth. In the past, he was a member of Swedish death metal band Soilwork.
Verbeuren made five studio albums and a live music DVD with Soilwork. He played with them in Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, and other countries between 2004 and 2016. In 2016, Verbeuren left Soilwork to join Megadeth.
Personal life
Verbeuren is a vegan.
Black Canary

Black Canary (also known as Sara Lance) is the name of two fictional superheroines appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics: Dinah Drake and Dinah Laurel Lance along with rebooted amalgam version within The New 52. The original version was created by the writer-artist team of Robert Kanigher and Carmine Infantino. The character debuted in Flash Comics #86 (August 1947).
One of DC's earliest super-heroines, Black Canary has appeared in many of the company's flagship team-up titles including Justice Society of America and Justice League of America. Since the late 1960s, the character has been paired with archer superhero The Green Arrow professionally and romantically.
Black Canary has been adapted into various media. In Birds of Prey she was played by Rachel Skarsten, and in Smallville she was played by Alaina Huffman. In Arrow and the Arrowverse shows the characters Dinah Laurel Lance, Sara Lance, and Dinah Drake are portrayed by Katie Cassidy, Caity Lotz, and Juliana Harkavy. Dinah Lance made her cinematic debut in the DC Extended Universe film Birds of Prey, portrayed by Jurnee Smollett-Bell.
IGN rated her its 81st-greatest all-time comic book hero. She was number 26 on Comics Buyer's Guide's "100 Sexiest Women in Comics" list.
Downieville, California

Downieville is a census-designated place (CDP) of California in the United States. It is the county seat of Sierra County.
Saint-Étienne-la-Thillaye

Saint-Etienne-la-Thillaye is a commune. It is found in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Rajesultanpur

Rajesultanpur is a town and Nagar Panchayat in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It has many government offices. It has a police station. It is connected by NH 233B and NH 233A.
Olga Feliú

Olga Feliu Segovia (20 August 1932 - 25 June 2017) was a Chilean politician and lawyer. She was appointed to the Senate in 1990 by the Supreme Court in 1990 and served until 1998, when she was replaced by Enrique Silva Cimma. She was born in Santiago de Chile.
Feliu died on 25 June 2017 in Santiago de Chile from a long-illness at the age of 84.
It Happened in Athens

It Happened in Athens is a 1962 Greek American romantic comedy-drama movie directed by Andrew Marton and starring Trax Colton, Jayne Mansfield, Xenia Kalogeropoulou, Nico Minardos, Bob Mathias, Ivan Triesault, Titos Vandis. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Trucy-sur-Yonne

Trucy-sur-Yonne is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Rudolf Kirchschläger

Rudolf Kirchschlager (; 20 March 1915 - 30 March 2000) was an Austrian diplomat, politician and judge. From 1974 to 1986 he was the 8th President of Austria.
Kirchschlager died on 30 March 2000 near Vienna, aged 85.
Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger

"Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger" is a 2001 single from the album Discovery by Daft Punk.
Kanye West's 2007 song Stronger from the album Graduation uses a sample from Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger.
Aillant-sur-Milleron

Aillant-sur-Milleron is a French commune. It is in the Loiret department.
Rudy Kousbroek

Rudy Kousbroek (died 30 October 2022) was a Dutch entrepreneur.
Kousbroek wsa born and grew up in Rotterdam. He studied graphic designing. After working in a dancing club in Rotterdam, he started renting out buildings in the street prostitution zone Spijkerkwartier in Arnhem. He became one of the most known entrepreneurs of the Spijkerkwartier, that grew out to the biggest street prostitution zone in the Netherlands and became known in Europe.
As a politician he participated in the 2010 local elections with his party "Stadspartij Arnhem '92". He did not reach the electoral quota.
Kousbroek was benefactor of the wrestling club Sandow in Arnhem. Wrestlers of the club won numerous national titles. Kousbroek paid the wrestlers partly himself.
Kousbroek was a father of four children. In 2015 he had to recover for months after heart surgery, severe pneumonia and a viral infection. He died on 30 October 2022.
Rothenbuch

Rothenbuch is a community in the Aschaffenburg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany.
Axiom of choice

In mathematics the axiom of choice, sometimes called AC, is an axiom used in set theory.
The axiom of choice says that if you have a set of objects and you separate the set into smaller sets, each containing at least one object, it is possible to take one object out of each of these smaller sets and make a new set. You do not always need to use the axiom of choice to do this. You do not need to use the axiom of choice if the starting set is finite, or if the starting set is infinite and has a rule built in for how it can be divided. For example, for any (infinite or finite) sets of pairs of shoes, one can pick out the left shoe from each pair, but for an infinite collection of pairs of socks, the axiom of choice is needed.
A Touch of Frost

A Touch of Frost is a British television detective series. It was produced by Yorkshire Television (later ITV Studios) for ITV from 6 December 1992 until 5 April 2010. It was initially based on the Frost novels by R.D. Wingfield. Writing credit for the three episodes in the first 1992 series went to Richard Harris.
Blisland

Blisland is a village and parish in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is about five miles northeast of Bodmin. According to the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 565.
The parish is rural in character, the northeast being moorland and the southwest lower lying farmland. The parish is bordered to the north by St Breward parish; to the west by St Mabyn and Helland parishes; to the south by Cardinham, Warleggan, and St Neot parishes; and to the northeast by Altarnun parish.
Marilyn Knowlden

Marilyn Knowlden (; born May 12, 1926) is an American former child actress. She started appearing in Hollywood movies in 1931 when she was four years old. She is known for her roles in Imitation of Life, Les Miserables, and Angels with Dirty Faces.
Paul Scoon

Sir Paul Godwin Scoon (4 July 1935 - 2 September 2013) was Governor-General of Grenada from 1978 to 1992. He was in charge during the rise and fall of the People's Revolutionary Government and during the Invasion of Grenada.
Astana

Astana (, ), previously known as Akmolinsk (Russian: Akmolinsk, romanized: Akmolinsk), Tselinograd, and Nur-Sultan, is the capital city of Kazakhstan.
Astana has an estimated population of 1,184,469. It has been the capital of Kazakhstan since 1998. The name "Astana", which in Kazakh language means "Capital city", was chosen because it is easily pronounced in many languages. In Kazakh, it is pronounced "As-ta-na", while in English (and, for instance, German), common pronunciation is "As-ta-na". It is in the Aqmola Province.
On 23 March 2019, a unanimous vote in Kazakhstan's parliament agreed to the new name. The city was renamed Nur-Sultan, after former president Nursultan Nazarbayev. The name was changed back to Astana in September 2022.
2004 Formula One World Championship

The 2004 Formula One season was the 55th edition of the championship. The champion was Michael Schumacher after dominating the whole season. Ferrari won the constructor's championship.
Dangerous Tour (movie)

Dangerous Tour () is a 1969 Soviet adventure movie directed by Georgi Yungvald-Khilkevich. It stars Vladimir Vysotsky, Yefim Kopelyan, and Nikolai Grinko.
Juuka

Juuka, (), is a municipality in North Karelia, Finland. In January 2014, over 5,190 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Juankoski, Kaavi, Kontiolahti, Lieksa, Nurmes, Polvijarvi and Rautavaara.
Villages
Ahmovaara, Halivaara (Hali), Juuka, Kannas, Kajoo, Kuhnusta, Larinsaari, Matara, Nunnanlahti, Paalasmaa, Petrovaara, Pihlajavaara, Polvela, Raholanvaara (Rahola), Timovaara, Tuopanjoki, Vaikko, Vuokko.
Chad Johnson

Chad Javon Johnson (born January 9, 1978 in Miami, Florida) is an American football wide receiver. He currently plays for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He has also played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cincinnati Bengals. Johnson was drafted out of the Oregon State University by the Cincinnati Bengals with the 36th pick in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft.
On April 17, 2014, Johnson signed a two-year deal to play for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League.
He was also known as Chad Ochocinco.
Cerebral edema

Cerebral oedema (or cerebral edema) is a build-up of extra fluid in the brain. It causes swelling. It is caused by physical trauma or an injury to the brain. This includes inflammation of the brain caused by some infections. Also, mountain climbers at high altitude have been known to experience cerebral oedema primarily due to reduced air pressure acting on the cranium.
Naat Khawan

A Naat Khawan or Sanaa Khawan is a person who recites the Naat. Naat is poetry that speaks well of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Venezia F.C.

Venezia Football Club, commonly known as just Venezia FC or Venezia, is a professional football club that plays in Venice, Italy. They currently play in Serie B. They were promoted from the Serie B in the 2020-21 season, then demoted in that same season to Serie B.
The club play their home games at Stadio Pierluigi Penzo. The stadium opened in 1913. It is the second oldest stadium in Italy. The oldest one is Genoa's Stadio Luigi Ferraris. The stadium is also notable because it is easily accessible by boat, and even has parking spaces for boats.
The club are currently planning a new stadium that will be located near Marco Polo Airport, away from Venice Island.
Dhikr

The Arabic word Dhikr means remembrance. Another word is Dhikrullah (remembrance of God).
Dhikr is a kind of worship to God. It is often performed by the Sufis in congregation, and each Sufi order has its special kind of Dhikr.
However all Muslims must do dhikr.There are many benefits of doing Dhikr according to Islamic theology.Such as the fact that it is a polisher of the heart, a way of gaining closeness to Allah, one can even gain trees in Paradise for it.
Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania

Jim Thorpe is a borough and the county seat of Carbon County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The population was 4,781 at the 2010 census. It is where Native American sports legend Jim Thorpe is buried.
Creney-près-Troyes

Creney-pres-Troyes is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Province of Ravenna

The province of Ravenna () is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region in Northeast Italy, on the Adriatic Sea. Its capital is the city of Ravenna.
History
The province was created in 1859.
Geography
The province of Ravenna is in the eastern part of the Emilia-Romagna region along the Adriatic Sea.
It has an area of . The provincial capital, the city of Ravenna, is at about from the Adriatic Sea and at about southeast of Bologna, the capital of the region.
The province borders the province of Ferrara to the north, the Metropolitan City of Bologna to the west, the province of Florence in Tuscany to the southwest and the province of Forli-Cesena to the south.
The highest point in the province is Monte Macchia dei Cani (); it is high.
The main rivers in the province are:
Reno - 211 km
Lamone - 90 km
Senio - 92 km
Uniti - 12 km
Montone - 140 km
Bidente-Ronco - 135 km
Bevano - 33 km
Savio - 126 km
Climate
The area in Punta Marina Terme (part of the Ravenna Commune on the coast), at an altitude of about , is characterized by a climate with relatively high temperatures and precipitation throughout the year. The Koppen climate classification type for the climate at Punta Marina Terme is a "Humid Subtropical Climate" and of the subtype "Cfa".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Punta Marina Terme is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of . There is an average of 71.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation days in November with 7.4 days and the least precipitation days in July with 4.4 days.
The average temperature for the year in Punta Marina Terme is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
Population
There are 391,414 persons living in the province (January 2017), for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in the province
Administration
The following table shows the 18 comuni with the population, and the area and altitude.
Gerson Gnoatto

Gerson Gnoatto is a gymnast from Brazil. Gnoatto competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 8 October 1963.
List of genocides

The following is a list of all genocides which have a upper estimated death count over 1000:
The Holocaust
German crimes committed against Soviet war prisoners
Holodomor
German Crimes Against Poland
Circassian genocide
Cambodian Genocide
Armenian Genocide
Rwandan Genocide
Greek Genocide
Dzungar genocide
Genocide in Bangladesh
Assyrian genocide
Holocaust in Croatia
Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War
Romani Genocide
Polish Operation of the NKVD
Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush
Genocide of Acholi and Lango people under Idi Amin
Darfur Genocide
East Timor Genocide
Ikiza
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
Effacer le tableau
Isaaq genocide
Anfal Genocide
Genocide against Bosniaks and Croats by the Chetniks
Deportation of the Crimean Tatars
Herero and Namaqua genocide
Guatemalan genocide
California Genocide
Queensland Aboriginal genocide
Rohingya genocide
Bosnian genocide
Parsley massacre
1804 Haiti Massacre
Selk'nam genocide
Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State
Moriori Genocide
Black War
Warrnambool, Victoria

Warrnambool is a city on the south-western coast of Victoria, Australia. About 32,000 people live in the city. It is at the western end of the Great Ocean Road. It is also on the Princes Highway which links Melbourne and Adelaide. Warrnambool is 265 kilometres and 3 hours from Melbourne by road or rail. The name Warrnambool is an Indigenous Australian word meaning "water between two rivers", "two swamps", or "plenty of water".
There are daily trains to Melbourne, via Geelong, and buses to Ballarat, Hamilton and Mount Gambier, South Australia.
The average maximum temperatures are 22 C in summer and 14 C in winter.
The Mahogany Ship
It is possible that the first European people to come to Warrnambool arrived in the 1500s. There is a wrecked ship in the sand dunes near Warrnambool which historians believe is an early Portuguese ship. It may have been part of an expedition in 1522, led by Christovao Mendonca. The wreck was first seen in 1836, but the last sighting was in 1880. It is now covered in sand, and its exact location is now unknown. It is just one of the 80 wrecked ships along the coast. There are 29 wrecks in Lady Bay at Warrnambool. The first recorded exploration of this part of the Victorian coast was by the French explorer Nicholas Baudin in 1802. During the 1830s whaler hunters lived on the coast during the whaling season.
Early settlement
Farmers began to settle along the coast during the 1840s. In 1846 the town was surveyed and laid out, and the first land sale was held in 1847.
Grant County, Oklahoma

Grant County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 5,144 people lived there. Its county seat is Medford.
Geography
The county has a total area of 1,004 square miles.
Leslie Manigat

Leslie Francois Saint Roc Manigat (August 16, 1930 - June 27, 2014) was a Haitian politician. He was elected President of Haiti after a tightly controlled military held election in January 1988.
He died on June 27, 2014 at the age of 83.
Roger Clemens

William Roger Clemens (born August 4, 1962 in Dayton, Ohio) was an American starting pitcher in Major League Baseball. Clemens played in the major leagues for 24 seasons for the Boston Red Sox, Toronto Blue Jays, New York Yankees, and Houston Astros, from to . Clemens has won seven Cy Young Awards, two more than any other pitcher.
Gerhard-Hanappi-stadium

The Gerhard Hanappi stadium was a football stadium in Vienna, Austria. It was the homeground of SK Rapid Wien and is named after Gerhard Hanappi, the architect of the stadium and former player of Rapid Wien.
History
The work started in 1971 but there was a delay in finishing it. The plan was not fully built because it should be cheaper. The new stadium was named "Weststadion" (western stadium) because it lays in the western part of Vienna. It was planned that the two major clubs should play in this new stadium, but Austria Wien was not amused that her rival has got a stadium in its own district, so they went back to their former homeground, the Franz Horr stadium. But till 1992 they often came back because the Horr stadium was not licensed for international matches. In April 1981 it got the name of its architect Gerhard Hanappi, who was player for Rapid Wien.
The first match which was played here was a leaguematch SK Rapid versus Austria Vienna. But the official opening was on September 14th, 1977 with a UEFA-Cup match Rapid versus FK Inter Bratislava (1:0). It was not love at first sight between the fans and the new stadium, but meanwhile they accept it. It is even called "Saint Hanappi" following the slogan of the fans "Rapid is our religion."
The stadium was demolished in 2014 to build the Allianz Stadion, which was opened on 16 July 2016. During its construction, Rapid Vienna played their home games at the Ernst-Happel-Stadion in the Prater.
FC Twente

FC Twente is a football club from Enschede in the Netherlands. They play in the Eredivisie and also in the UEFA Champions League.
Twente plays its games in the Grolsch Veste (a capacity of 30 000).
FC Twente currently holds the national cup and the Johan Cruijff Schaal. In season 2010/11 they ended second in the league.
History
FC Twente was founded on 1 July 1965 as a combination of Sportclub Enschede and Enschedes Boys. The two professional football teams in Enschede at that time (Sportclub Enschede and Enschedese Boys) had both money problems and were forced to merge. FC Twente started in the Eredivisie (highest Dutch league) and within a few years they were part of the top of Dutch football. Between 1970 and 1980 they came close to several prizes, but they always lost the final. In 1974 the ended second in the Eredivisie and in 1975 the lost the Dutch cup final as well as the UEFA Cup final (after beating Juventus in the semi-final). Only in 1978 they won the Dutch Cup (by beating PEC Zwolle in the final with 3-0). In the next decade (1980-1990) the club went down hill, with the relegation to the Eerste Divisie (second tier of Dutch football) in 1983 as all-time low. Twente was back in the Eredivisie within a year however. In the nineties Twente played a modest role in Dutch football, usually ending around the 5th place in the Eredivisie.
In the first decade of the 21st century the golden era started. In 2001 FC Twente won the Dutch cup by beating PSV Eindhoven in the final with a penalty shootout. This victory caused huge celebrations in the eastern part of the Netherlands. This showed the popularity of the club in the region, eventhough FC Twente almost never wins a prize. In 2003 the club almost went bankrupt and Joop Munsterman took over as chairman. He understood the potential of this club and developed a plan to increase the sportive, economic and social capacity of Twente. In 2008 the stadium size was increased from 13,500 to 24,000 seats. In 2011 the stadium was further increased to 30,000 seats. FC Twente again played on the top of the Dutch league, resulting in their first national title in 2010. Also the Intertoto Cup was won in 2006, the Johan Cruijff Schaal was won in 2010 and 2011 and the Dutch cup in 2011. In these years FC Twente also started a social programm to help unemployed people to find a job, encourage handicaped people to do sports and to give away free seats in the stadium to people that cannot afford a ticket.
Trophies
Champion of the Netherlands (1)
2009-10
(runner up (4): 1973-74, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2010-11)
Dutch Cup (3)
1978, 2001, 2011
(runner up (4): 1975, 1979, 2003, 2009)
Dutch Super cup (2)
2010, 2011
(runner up (1): 2001)
UEFA Cup
(runner up (1): 1975)
Intertoto Cup (1)
2006
Current squad
For recent transfers, see List of Dutch football transfers winter 2011-12 and List of Dutch football transfers summer 2012.
Sud-Est (development region)

Sud-Est (South East) is a development region in Romania.
White River, South Dakota

White River (Lakota: Makhizita wakpa; "White Dirt River") is a city in and the county seat of Mellette County. South Dakota, United States. The population was 581 at the 2010 census.
39th G8 summit

The 39th G8 summit took place in Northern Ireland on 17th and 18th June 2013. The meeting was at the Lough Erne Golf Resort in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland
In the Queen's speech at the state opening of Parliament in 2012, Elizabeth II said that "my government will use this opportunity to promote international security and prosperity."
History
The gathering of the Group of Eight (G8) will be the 39th meeting in a series which began in 1976.
Previous G8 summits have been hosted by the United Kingdom at London (1977, 1984, 1991) and Birmingham (1998) in England. The 2005 summit was in Scotland at Gleneagles.
The G8 and the summit are part of a consultation process. The G8 is not an international organization. It is an informal group.
Participants
The participants will be the "core members" of the group:
Invited leaders
A number of national leaders are traditionally invited to attend the summit. They are asked to participate in some, but not all, G8 summit activities.
Schedule and agenda
The summit meetings are intended as a way to resolve differences among the G8 members.
Traditionally, the host country sets the agenda. As host, Prime Minister Cameron is expected to try to change the G8. He has criticised costs and questioned the value of G8 meetings.
Discussions at the 39th G8 summit will include some issues which remain unresolved from previous summits.
The G8 discussions will be about a range of topics, including
Food security
Nutrition
Sexual violence in armed conflict
Protesters and demonstrations
Because of the nature of the summit, protest groups and other activists usually attend. The planning for the summit includes how to deal with these groups.
Britain's leading aid groups and charities are planning a "propaganda offensive" which hopes to affect the food-dominated agenda for the G8.
Whitney North Seymour Jr.

Whitney North Seymour Jr. (July 7, 1923 - June 29, 2019) was an American Republican politician and attorney. He was in the New York State Senate from 1966 to 1968 and as United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1970 to 1973. He also co-founded the Natural Resources Defense Council. He was born in Huntington, West Virginia.
Seymour Jr. died on June 29, 2019 at a hospital in Torrington, Connecticut at the age of 95.
Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek was an Indo-European language spoken in Ancient Greece from about 1500 BC to about 300 BC. Ancient Greek and Latin are very important languages. Although they are no longer spoken, they influenced almost all modern European languages.
Greek had many different dialects. Attic Greek was spoken in Athens, the largest city, and the rest of the region of Attica. It was thought to be the purest form of Greek. Later, in the educated Roman world, children were taught Greek as a second language, just as many people now learn English as their second language. Koine Greek was the common language of Greeks. It was Attic Greek mixed with several other dialects.
Homer spoke and wrote in an old dialect that was somewhat different from Attic Greek. The Iliad and the Odyssey are long poems that tell exciting stories about warfare, travel and the Greek gods. In the 5th century BC, some great plays were written by Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. The Golden Age of Ancient Greece inspired literature that has been read for centuries.
Attic Greek
Attic Greek was the dialect that was spoken in Athens and the rest of the region of Attica. It was the dialect most similar to later forms of Greek since it was the standard form of the language. It is studied in Ancient Greek courses because it was the most common dialect.
Changes
All languages change with time, and Greek has changed a great deal over 2500 years. Modern Greek is often said to have started in 1453 AD after Mediedval Greek was spoken.
Unlike Latin, Ancient Greek did not split into many languages, but it is still considered to be a separate language from Modern Greek. The pronunciation has changed; for instance, beta was pronounced "b" in Ancient Greek, but it is pronounced "v" and is called "vita" in Modern Greek. The spelling has not changed much, which gives the appearance of less change than has actually happened. Also, many different vowels and diphthongs merged into "i", the vowel sound in the English word "ski". The tonal system of Ancient Greek has disappeared, but Modern Greek had only recently changed its spelling to match that change.
Despite those changes, much of the language has remarkably survived intact through the centuries. There is a community near Trabzon, Turkey, that speaks a dialect that is closer to Ancient Greek than to Standard Modern Greek.
Tahiti rail

The Tahiti rail (Gallirallus pacificus), also known as the Tahiti red-billed rail, or Pacific red-billed rail, is an extinct species of rail. It once lived on Tahiti. The second voyage of James Cook in 1773 got one. It was described by Johann Reinhold Forster and painted by his son, Georg. The Tahitian name was ebona or omna.
Name
Due to confusion about the name, the name Rallus ecaudatus was commonly used in the mid-late 20th century to refer to this bird. This is, however, in error, as the name is a subspecies of the buff-banded rail. Today it is known as Gallirallus philippensis ecaudatus. Also, at least once, the Tahitian bird has been referred to by the scientific name of the Samoan wood rail, Gallinula pacifica, in a major scientific work.
Extinction
Not much is known about the bird's extinction. One idea is that the bird might have been prey to other species. The bird's habitat had active volcanos.
Sources
Database entry of the bird includes justification for why this species is extinct.
Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1879): [Description of Gallirallus pacificus]. In: Systema Naturae (13th edition) 1, part 2: 717.
Itapotihyla

Itapotihyla is a genus of frogs. It is in the family Hylidae. It is monotypic. This means there is only one species in Itapotihyla: Itapotihyla langsdorffii. It is called the ocellated treefrog in English. Most of these frogs live in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, but a few more live in eastern Paraguay, other parts of Brazil, and northeastern Argentina.
Frog
Itapotihyla langsdorffii is large for a tree frog. The male frogs and female frogs look different. The adult female frog is larger. Most are from nose to rear end and the male frogs are long.
Eggs
These frogs lay eggs in bodies of water in the rainforest. Sometimes they lay eggs in bodies of water that dry up. Sometimes they lay eggs in bodies of water that are there all year. This frog is an explosive breeder. That means it has many, many young at the same time. The female frogs lay 6000 eggs at a time, on average. The males sing very loud for the females. Sometimes the male frogs grab and push and fight each other. This is strange for frogs. In most frogs, the males fight each other in species where males are bigger than females.
Food and threats
This frog eats animals with bones on the outside, for example grasshoppers and crickets. It sometimes eats animals with spines, for example other frogs like Physalaemus crombiei and Scinax argyreornatus, or even birds. Scientists know because they found bones and feathers in the frogs' stomachs. Snakes, for example Chironius bicarinatus, a colubrid, eat this frog.
Home
Itapotihyla langsdorffii lives in trees in rainforests. It only lives in places that human beings have not changed. The Itapotihyla langsdorffii that live in Paraguay are dying because of habitat loss but the ones in Brazil are not.
Archetype

In psychology, an archetype is a model of a person, personality, or behavior.
In the analysis of personality, the term archetype is often broadly used to refer to
a stereotype--personality type observed multiple times, especially an oversimplification of such a type; or
an epitome--personality type exemplified, especially the "greatest" such example.
But in a strict linguistic sense, an archetype is merely a defining example of a personality type. In this sense "mother figure" can be considered an archetype and instances can be found in various female characters with distinct personalities.
Archetypes have been present in mythology and literature for hundreds of years. The use of archetypes to analyze personality was advanced by Carl Jung early in the 20th century. The value in using archetypal characters in fiction derives from the fact that a large group of people are able to unconsciously recognize the archetype, and thus the motivations, behind the character's behavior.
Etymology
The word archetype appeared in European texts as early as 1545. It derives from the Latin noun archetypum via the Greek noun arkhetypon and adjective arkhetypos, meaning "first-moulded". The Greek roots are arkhe- ("first" or "original") + typos ("model", "type", "blow", "mark of a blow").
Vaala

Vaala is a municipality in North Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 3,195 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kajaani, Liminka, Muhos, Paltamo, Puolanka, Siikalatva and Utajarvi.
Previously, Vaala was part of the Kainuu region but was changed to Northern Ostrobothnia on 1 January 2016.
Norodom Yuvaneath

Prince Norodom Yuvaneath (, October 17, 1943 - January 13, 2021) was a Cambodian royal. He was the first son of the late king of Cambodia, Norodom Sihanouk and Princess Sisowath Pongsanmoni. He is the half-brother of the current king, Norodom Sihamoni. Yuvaneath was born in Phnom Penh.
Yuvaneath died on January 13, 2021 in California, aged 77.
Pattypan squash

The pattypan squash is a vegetable. It can also be called a "Sunburst Squash", or a "White Squash".
It is part of the squash family. They can be white, yellow, or green.
Subsidiary

A subsidiary is a company that is controlled by its parent company. Even though a subsidiary works on its own, and its purposes are different from that of its parent company, the parent company is in control of its subsidiary.
A company's subsidiary is different from a company's division because a division works together with its parent company. A division's goal is usually similar to that of its parent company, and the division has to use its parent company's name. A subsidiary can use a name different from that of its parent company.
For example, YouTube is a subsidiary of Google, because Google is a search engine, while YouTube is a video sharing website. Google Videos is a division of Google, because Google Videos is a search engine that searches videos on the Internet. This is to match its parent company Google as a search engine. Also, YouTube has an entirely different name and logo from Google's, while Google Videos, as a division, must use Google's name and logo.
Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch is an international non-governmental organization. Its activities include research and advocacy on human rights. The headquarters of the organization is in New York City.
Let It Rock (Kevin Rudolf song)

"Let It Rock" is the first single of Kevin Rudolf from his first album In the City. Rapper Lil Wayne is featured in the song. The track was written by Rudolf. It was used as the theme song for WWE's 2009 Royal Rumble.
2008 songs
Lil Wayne songs
Russian Army (disambiguation)

Russian Army may refer to:
Russian Armed Forces
Russian Ground Forces
Imperial Russian Army, the army of the Russian Empire
Russian Army (1917), Russian army in the interim period between the fall of the Russian Empire and the Bolshevik revolution
Russian Army (1919), White Army during the Russian Civil War under command of Admiral Kolchak.
Russian Army (1920), White Army during the Russian Civil War under command of Pyotr Wrangel.
Roanoke, Texas

Roanoke is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Romagne, Gironde

Romagne, Gironde is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Aken (Elbe)

Aken is a town in the Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The town is along the Elbe River. In 2020, the town's population was about 7,400. The history of the town starts in the 12th century. The town has several historic buildings from the Middle Ages. The St. Nicholas and St. Mary churches are the oldest buildings in the town.
Marc Brown (author)

Marc Tolon Brown (born November 25, 1946) is an American author and illustrator of children's books. Brown writes and illustrates the Arthur book series, and is best known for creating the series. He was born in Erie, Pennsylvania.
Carly Patterson

Carly Rae Patterson (born February 4, 1988 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana) was an American gymnast. She was the 2004 Olympic All-Around Champion. After the Olympics, she started working as a singer. She lives in Allen, Texas.
Anizy-le-Grand

Anizy-le-Grand is a new commune in the department of Aisne in the region Hauts-de-France in north France. It was created on 1 January 2019 and is made of the former communes of Anizy-le-Chateau, Faucoucourt and Lizy.
Sidamo language

Sidamo, or Sidaama, is a Cushitic language. It is spoken in Southern Ethiopia by about three million people.
Parma Calcio 1913

SSD Parma Calcio 1913, commonly known as Parma, is an Italian football club from Parma, Emilia-Romagna. The club currently plays in the Serie A.
Name
1913-1930: Parma FC
1930-1969: Parma AS
1969-2004: Parma AC
2004-2015: Parma FC
2015-Present: SSD Parma Calcio 1913
The current name is "Parma Calcio 1913". Parma is the city they are based in, is the Italian word for association football and 1913 is the year the club was founded.
Kim Ungyong

Kim Ung-yong (born 8 March 1962) was a Korean child prodigy. He was able to read and write in Japanese, Korean, German and English before he turned four years old. At the age of four, on 2 November 1967, he answered differential and integral calculus questions on Japanese television, showed that he could speak German, English, Japanese and Korean, and write poetry. Kim was listed in the Guiness Book of World Records under "Highest IQ"; the book guessed the boy's score at "over 200."
Kim was a guest student of physics at Hanyang University from the age of 3 until he was 6. At the age of 7 he was invited to the United States by NASA. He finished his university studies, eventually getting a Ph.D. in physics at Colorado State University before he was 15. In 1974, during his university studies, he began his research work at NASA and continued this work until his return to Korea in 1978.
When he returned to Korea, he decided to switch from physics to civil engineering and eventually received a doctorate in that field. Kim was offered the chance to study at the most prestigious universities in Korea, but instead chose to attend a provincial university.
As of 2007 he also serves as adjunct faculty at Chungbuk National University.
Laurie Smith Camp

Laurie Smith Camp (November 28, 1953 - September 23, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. In 2001, she was nominated as a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska by President George W. Bush. Camp was born in Omaha, Nebraska. From 2011 to 2018, she became Chief Justice.
Camp died suddenly on September 23, 2020 in Omaha at the age of 66.
P.G. Wodehouse

Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, KBE (/'wUdhaUs/ WOOD-howss; 15 October 1881 - 14 February 1975) was an English author and one of the most widely read humorists of the 20th century. His creations include the feather-brained Bertie Wooster and his sagacious valet, Jeeves; the immaculate and loquacious Psmith; Lord Emsworth and the Blandings Castle set; the Oldest Member, with stories about golf; and Mr Mulliner, with tall tales on subjects ranging from bibulous bishops to megalomaniac movie moguls.
Born in Guildford, the third son of a British magistrate based in Hong Kong, Wodehouse spent happy teenage years at Dulwich College, to which he remained devoted all his life. After leaving school he was employed by a bank but disliked the work and turned to writing in his spare time. His early novels were mostly school stories, but he later switched to comic fiction. Most of Wodehouse's fiction is set in his native United Kingdom, although he spent much of his life in the US and used New York and Hollywood as settings for some of his novels and short stories. He wrote a series of Broadway musical comedies during and after the First World War, together with Guy Bolton and Jerome Kern, that played an important part in the development of the American musical. He began the 1930s writing for MGM in Hollywood. In a 1931 interview, his naive revelations of incompetence and extravagance in the studios caused a furore. In the same decade, his literary career reached a new peak.
In 1934 Wodehouse moved to France for tax reasons; in 1940 he was taken prisoner at Le Touquet by the invading Germans and interned for nearly a year. After his release he made six broadcasts from German radio in Berlin to the US, which had not yet entered the war. The talks were comic and apolitical, but his broadcasting over enemy radio prompted anger and strident controversy in Britain, and a threat of prosecution. Wodehouse never returned to England. From 1947 until his death he lived in the US, taking dual British-American citizenship in 1955. He died in 1975, at the age of 93, in Southampton, New York.
Wodehouse was a prolific writer throughout his life, publishing more than ninety books, forty plays, two hundred short stories and other writings between 1902 and 1974. He worked extensively on his books, sometimes having two or more in preparation simultaneously. He would take up to two years to build a plot and write a scenario of about thirty thousand words. After the scenario was complete he would write the story. Early in his career Wodehouse would produce a novel in about three months, but he slowed in old age to around six months. He used a mixture of Edwardian slang, quotations from and allusions to numerous poets, and several literary techniques to produce a prose style that has been compared to comic poetry and musical comedy. Some critics of Wodehouse have considered his work flippant, but among his fans are former British prime ministers and many of his fellow writers.
Inspiration
Wodehouse claims to have gotten inspiration for his characters by being like them: born into a rich family, and inheriting much money, making him rich and financially free.
Saptari 4 (constituency)

Saptari 4 () is one of four parliamentary constituencies of Saptari District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.
Incorporate
Saptari 4 incorporates Surunga Municipality, Khadak Municipality, Bode Barsain Municipality and Balan Bihul Rural Municipality.
Yasushi Fukunaga

is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995||rowspan="7"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||26||4||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||4
|-
|1996||28||6||4||1||13||2||45||9
|-
|1997||0||0||2||1||5||0||7||1
|-
|1998||31||4||0||0||3||2||34||6
|-
|1999||14||3||0||0||2||1||16||4
|-
|2000||J. League 2||22||9||4||0||2||0||28||9
|-
|2001||J. League 1||9||0||0||0||1||0||10||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||6||0||0||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|2003||7||0||0||0||1||0||8||0
143||26||13||2||27||5||183||33
143||26||13||2||27||5||183||33
|}
1980 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1980 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1980, and ended on November 30, 1980. This season had about average activity with 15 storms, of which 11 got named. This season featured the very powerful Hurricane Allen.
Storms
Tropical Depression One
Hurricane Allen
Hurricane Bonnie
Tropical Depression Four
Hurricane Charley
Tropical Depression Six
Tropical Storm Danielle
Hurricane Earl
Hurricane Frances
Hurricane Georges
Tropical Storm Hermine
Hurricane Ivan
Hurricane Jeanne
Tropical Depression Fourteen
Hurricane Karl
Unused names
Retirement
In the spring of 1981 the name "Allen" was retired and replaced by Andrew in 1986.
Preben Hertoft

Preben Hertoft (5 January 1928 - February 2017) was a Danish psychiatrist and professor in medical sexology, senior doctorate in medicine.
Hertoft worked over 40 years as a sexologist doing research, treatment, counseling and education.
In 1986 he founded the first medical centre for sexology in Denmark. Most of the time he had heterosexual and homosexual patients with sexual problems in therapy, but he also treated and counselled transvestites and pedophiles.
Archway tube station

Archway tube station is a London Underground station in north London, underneath the Archway Tower, at the intersection of Holloway Road, Highgate Hill and Junction Road in the area known as Archway.
It is on the High Barnet branch of the Northern line, between Highgate and Tufnell Park. It is in both Travelcard Zone 2 and Zone 3.
The Fifth Estate (movie)

The Fifth Estate is a 2013 drama-thriller movie based on the real life events of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. It stars Benedict Cumberbatch, Laura Linney, and Stanley Tucci. It was released on October 18, 2013 to negative reviews.
Piet Brand

Piet Brand (30 June 1904 - 20 September 1981) was a Dutch boxer from Rotterdam. He competed in the light heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions including under contract in the United States. He fought between 1922 and 1934 and became multiple times national champion.
Career
Brand made his debut on 24 May 1922 in Rotterdam against Moup Van Ploegh and won. During his career he had 74 fights, winning 40 of them (26 losses, 8 draws).
In March 1926 Brand became national champion in the light heavyweight category after winning met a knock out from Herman van 't Hof. The next year, in April 1927 he defended succesfully his national title in a match against Arie van Vliet after the match was stopped due to medical concertns of the ear of Van Vliet. In 1928 Brand became national light heavyweight champion, after Herman van 't Hof failed to defend the title.
In 1929 Brand signed a contract with American boxing manager Tom O'Rourke for three years. However, Brand was only able to get a visa for half a year. During these six months in the United States he fought in Bronx against Ralph Ficucello and in Philadelphia against Billy Jones, Matt Adgie and Tiger Jack Payne.
In April 1934 Brand became national champion, after winning from Rienus de Boer.
Personal life
Brand was born on 30 June 1904. During his stay in the United States in 1930 he got engaged with Dutch swimmer To de Jel (1906-1992). After having had their reception in October 1930, they married on 29 January 1931. Brand had a thrift shop at the "Jagthuisstraat" in Rotterdam. Brand died on 20 September 1981 at the age of 77. He is burried in Voorburg, together with his wife who died eleven years later in 1992.
Sybil Ludington

Sybil Ludington (April 5, 1761 - February 26, 1839) was a heroine of the American Revolutionary War. She was the daughter of Colonel Henry Ludington. In 1773 he joined the rebel cause. He was the colonel of the local regiment. Sybil Ludington became famous for her night ride on April 26, 1777 to alert American colonial forces to the approach of the British Regulars. Her action was similar to the ride of Paul Revere. She rode more than twice the distance of Revere. She was only 16 years old at the time of her ride.