kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Theobromine

Theobromine is a chemical substance, also known as xantheose. It is an alkaloid. It occurs in the cacao plant. Chemically, it is very similar to caffeine. Because the cacao plant is used to make chocolate, it is also found in chocolate. Despite its name, there is no bromine in it. The name "theobromine" comes from the word "Theobroma" as the name of the genus of the cacao tree (which itself is made up of the Greek roots theo ("God") and brosi ("food"), meaning "food of the gods") with the suffix given to alkaloids and other base nitrogen-containing compounds.
Theobromine is a water-insoluble, crystalline, bitter powder. Its colour is listed as either white or colourless. It has a similar, but lesser, effect to caffeine, making it a lesser homologue. Theobromine is an isomer of theophylline as well as paraxanthine. Theobromine is categorized as a dimethyl xanthine, which means it is a xanthine with two methyl groups.
Theobromine was first isolated from the seeds of the cacao tree in 1878 and then shortly afterwards was synthesized from xanthine by Hermann Emil Fischer.
Theobromine is toxic to dogs.
D. Pandian

David Pandian (25 September 1932 - 26 February 2021) was an Indian Communist politician. He was born in Usilampatti, Tamil Nadu. From 1989 to 1996, he was a member of the Lok Sabha.
Pandian died on 26 February 2021 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu from sepsis-related problems, aged 88.
Wish You Were Here (album)

Wish You Were Here is a concept album by Pink Floyd. It was recorded at Abbey Road Studios between January and July 1975, and released on 15 September 1975. The album would later be thought of as one of Pink Floyd's greatest albums, and was ranked 209 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. Its lyrics, written by Roger Waters, talk about the music industry, and the market-oriented record companies' not having an understanding and interest for musicians. The album also pays tribute to Syd Barrett, Pink Floyd's former guitarist and chief songwriter, with the songs "Shine On You Crazy Diamond" and the "Wish You Were Here" title track. The album sold 10 million copies worldwide.
Tenon saw

A tenon saw is a kind of backsaw that is used to cut straight lines in wood. It does not cut materials such as metal. It is a standard item in the carpenter's toolkit. A tenon saw is made out of high-speed steel (HSS) and brass. It is sometimes made out of hard-carbon steel (heat treated steel).
It is used to cut small pieces of wood and most joints. The saw has a fine toothed crosscut for sawing plywood, thin wood and large joints.
Linton, North Dakota

Linton is a city in and the county seat of Emmons County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 1,097 at the 2010 census.
Plumpton

Plumpton is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St John the Evangelist's Church. It is on the B6413.
José Alfredo Jiménez

Jose Alfredo Jimenez Sandoval (January 19, 1926 - November 23, 1973) was a Mexican Singer and Songwriter, he is considered the Father of Modern Mexican Music and Ranchera.
Ricardo Pepi

Ricardo Daniel Pepi (born January 9, 2003) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a striker for Bundesliga club FC Augsburg and the United States national team.
Career statistics
Club
International
As of match played February 2, 2022. United States score listed first, score column indicates score after each Pepi goal.
British Rail Class 43 (HST)

The British Rail Class 43 is the classification used for the InterCity 125 High Speed Train power cars, built by BREL from 1976 to 1982.
Shoji Yamada

Shoji Yamada (born 6 December 1984) is a former Japanese football player.
Austin Deasy

Austin Deasy (26 August 1936 - 10 June 2017) was an Irish Fine Gael politician. He served as Minister for Agriculture from 1982 to 1987. He was a TD for the Waterford constituency from 1977 until his retirement in 2002.
Deasy died at University Hospital Waterford in Waterford, Ireland on 10 June 2017 at the age of 80.
Bully-les-Mines

Bully-les-Mines is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Arke (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Arke is the daughter of Thaumas. Her sister is Iris, the rainbow goddess. Arke and her sister Iris had wings and were the messengers of the Olympian gods. When the gods were fighting the Titans, Arke betrayed the gods and joined the Titans against them. When the Olympians won, Zeus took Arke's wings and cast her into Tartarus. Arke's wings were later given to Thetis as a gift on her wedding day. Thetis later gave them to her son Achilles. She tied them to his ankles. which is where his surname Podarces (literally "swift-footed") came from.
Kaltenhouse

Kaltenhouse is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Alesana

Alesana (pronounced Alice-Anna) is a emo band formed in Raleigh, North Carolina, in the year 2004.
History
In June 2005, the band released the first EP, Try This with Your Eyes Closed, with Tragic Hero Records. On June 6, 2006, Alesana released the first album, On Frail Wings of Vanity and Wax, this album was reissued on Fearless Records in 2008, next to the first EP. In 2007, the band released the video to the song Ambrosia.
On June 3, 2008, with Fearless, the band released the album Where Myth Fades to Legend. The third studio album, The Emptiness, was released January 26, 2010. The fourth album, A Place Where The Sun Is Silent will released October 19, 2011, with Epitaph Records.
Polymyalgia rheumatica

Polymyalgia rheumatica ("PMR", sometimes called just polymyalgia) is a syndrome or condition. It causes pain in the joints and muscles of the upper body. Normal arm and leg movements may be affected.
Most people with PMR have pain during the morning. Sometimes the pain is in the late afternoon or evening. About 15% of people having PMR may also have temporal arteritis. The condition may prevent the normal use of the arms and/or legs.
PMR affects more women than men. PMR usually happens in people age fifty and older. People under age 50 can be affected, although rarely.
One blood test usually performed is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) which measures how fast the patient's red blood cells settle in a test tube. The faster the blood cells settle, the higher the ESR value, which means inflammation is present.
Prednisone is the drug of choice for PMR. Treatment duration is often more than one year. If the patient does not have dramatic improvement after three days of 10-20 mg oral prednisone per day, the diagnosis should be reconsidered. Sometimes relief of symptoms occurs in just a few hours.
List of serving senior officers of the Royal Navy

This is a list of serving senior officers of the Royal Navy. It includes currently serving admirals, vice-admirals, rear-admirals, and commodores.
Tadeusz Kościuszko

Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kosciuszko (; 4 February 1746 - 15 October 1817) was a Polish national hero, general and a leader of the Kosciuszko Uprising (which bears his name) against the Russian Empire. Tadeusz was born in February 1746 in Mereczowszczyzna, Polesie. (courrently located in Belarus) He fought in the American Revolutionary War as a colonel in the Continental Army on the side of Washington. Because of his service he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General in 1783, and became a legitimate citizen of the United States that same year. He died in Solothurn, Switzerland on October 15, 1817 due to a stroke.
Yu So-chow

Yu So Chow (; 9 July 1930 - 12 May 2017) was a Chinese actress. She was born in Beijing. She was the daughter of late Master Yu Jim Yuen who ran the China Drama Academy, a Peking Opera School in Hong Kong, and teacher of many well-known actors.
She started her acting career in 1948 and made over 240 movies in the wuxia, kung fu, action, detective and Cantonese opera genres. Her movies were successful at the box-office and she was one of the most popular superstars of the 1960 in Asia and Hong Kong. Her best known role was as Tik Siu-ching in The Flying Fox (1964).
Yu died in San Francisco, California on 12 May 2017 from pneumonia at the age of 86.
Lorisidae

Lorisidae (sometimes called Loridae) is a family of primates. Its members resemble lemurs. They live in trees, in Africa and Asia. Depending on the author, there are nine to eleven species, in about five genera.
Romeu Pellicciari

Romeu Pellicciari (born 26 March, 1911) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Contes, Alpes-Maritimes

Contes, Alpes-Maritimes is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Sonic Rush

is a platformer video game in the Sonic Rush series. It was only ever released for the Nintendo DS in 2005. The game eventually got a sequel Sonic Rush Adventure, which was released in 2007. In the game, you can play as Sonic the Hedgehog and Blaze the Cat. The game is 2D, but the characters are 3D, making the game look 2.5D.
Reviews
The game got excellent reviews, including a 9/10 from IGN, and an average of 82/100 from Metacritic.
Ward, South Dakota

Ward is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Moody County, and 48 people lived there at the 2010 census.
You're in a Bad Way

"You're in a Bad Way" is a 1993 song by British pop band Saint Etienne and is the second single from their second studio album So Tough. It went to number 12 in the United Kingdom and number 26 in Iceland.
Track listing
All tracks written and composed by Stanley and Wiggs; except where indicated
7" - Heavenly / HVN 25 and Cassette (HVN 25 CS)
"You're in a Bad Way" (Cracknell, Stanley, Wiggs) - 3:20
"Archway People" - 3:26
7" - Warner / 9-18563-7
"You're in a Bad Way" (Cracknell, Stanley, Wiggs) - 3:02
"California Snow Story" - 4:20
12" - Heavenly / HVN 25-12 and CD (HVN 25CD)
"You're in a Bad Way" (Cracknell, Stanley, Wiggs) - 3:20
"Archway People" - 3:26
"California Snow Story" - 4:20
"Duke Duvet" - 3:09
CD - Warner / PRO-CD-5948
"You're in a Bad Way" (Cracknell, Stanley, Wiggs) - 3:08
"You're in a Bad Way" (Alternative Mix) (Cracknell, Stanley, Wiggs) - 2:43
"St. Etienne Speaks..." - 9:17 ("St. Etienne Speaks... The truth and trauma in their own words behind England's dukes and duchess of pop!")
Mauricio Macri

Mauricio Macri (; born 8 February 1959) is an Argentine civil engineer, businessman and politician. He was the President of Argentina from 10 December 2015 to 10 December 2019. He was the Mayor of Buenos Aires serving from 10 December 2007 through 10 December 2015.
Presidency
On 22 November 2015, after a tie in the first round of presidential elections on 25 October, Macri won the first ballotage in Argentina's history, beating Front for Victory candidate Daniel Scioli and becoming president-elect. He was inaugurated on 10 December 2015.
Running for president when the Argentine economy was not performing well, Macri campaigned on a platform of change, and promised to pass free market reforms of the economy. Macri made major economic changes as soon as he entered office, hoping to help create jobs. He also is changing the country's foreign policy. While the president that came before him, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, had criticized the United States' policies, Macri has improved relations. In 2016, Barack Obama visited Argentina. The two talked about improving relations, issues in the hemisphere, and an apology from the United States for its support of the dictatorship in Argentina (as well as in several other Latin American countries) in the 1970s and 80s.
Macri has been critical of the government of Nicolas Maduro, and feels that the Venezuelan President is undemocratic and oppressive.
Macri lost his re-election bid in the 2019 election to Alberto Fernandez and left office on 10 December 2019.
Gin

Gin is a type of alcoholic drink with a high amount of alcohol in it, usually about 35-50% alcohol by volume. It was invented in the Netherlands in the 17th century, and soon became very popular in England. This became a problem when many people drank themselves to death, because gin was cheap to make and contained so much alcohol.
Gin is flavored with juniper berries. Today, gin is usually a dry liquor, which means that it is not very sweet. Gin is also very popular in cocktails - two of the most common of these are the Gin & Tonic (gin mixed with tonic water) and the martini (gin mixed with vermouth, usually with an olive added). Gin is still one of the most popular liquors to this day.
Unplanned

Unplanned is a movie about the life of conservative activist Abby Johnson based on her autobiography. It focuses on how she was once Pro-Choice but is now Pro-Life. It was controversial because it criticized Planned Parenthood. Left-wing people said it was propaganda and conservatives liked it. The movie made a lot of money.
John Graham (rugby union)

Sir David John Graham (9 January 1935 - 2 August 2017), generally known as John Graham, was a New Zealand educator and rugby union player. He served as president of the New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU) and was an All Black loose forward.
Graham played 22 Tests between 1958 and 1964, including three as captain. He was headmaster of Auckland Grammar School from 1973 to 1993, New Zealand cricket team manager from 1997 to 1999, the University of Auckland Chancellor from 1999 to 2004, and was elected president of the NZRFU in April 2005.
Graham was born in Stratford, New Zealand. Graham died of cancer in Auckland on 2 August 2017 at the age of 82.
Voorhout

Voorhout () is a village and former municipality in the western Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland. It had a population of 14,792 in 2004. Together with Sassenheim and Warmond, it has become part of the Teylingen municipality on January 1, 2006.
Voorhout is located in an area called the "Dune and Bulb Region" (Duin- en Bollenstreek).
Otto of Greece

Otto (, Othon, ; 1 June 1815 -- 26 July 1867) was a Bavarian prince who ruled as King of Greece from the establishment of the monarchy in 1832, under the until he was overthrown in 1862.
The second son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, Otto was elected king of Greece, the newly formed kingdom that gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1832. However, Otto did not reach Greece until on 6 February 1633. As a young man, the people of Greece were optimistic that Otto would be a great king as he was the first king of modern Greece after the Greeks suffered under the Ottoman Empire.
During his reign however, Greece was very unstable because he did not care about the people. He heavily taxed them, was not Greek Orthodox but was Roman Catholicism, invited more people from Bavaria to come to Greece, his closest advisors were Bavarian rather than Greek, and he could not speak Greek because he did not bother learning it. He only spoke his native German.
Otto was also an absolute monarch and never agreed to make Greece a constitutional monarchy as he was apparently a strong believer of absolutism. All of the bad things that Otto did in Greece made him highly unpopular and that the Greeks eventually overthrew him. Otto lived the remaining 5 years of his life in exile at his home country of Bavaria until he died in 1867 at the age of 52. When he was on his deathbed, Otto regretted treating the Greek people very bad. His last words were "Greece, my Greece, my beloved Greece!!!".
Fahrettin Altun

Fahrettin Altun (born in Stuttgart in 1976 in Germany) is a Turkish politician, researcher, academic, member of the Justice and Development Party and head of media and communications in the Turkish presidency.
Eric Holder

Eric Holder (born January 21, 1951) is an American attorney. He served as the Attorney General of the United States, under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2015. He is the first African-American to hold that post. Before being named as Attorney General, he was the U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia under President Clinton and help pick Joe Biden as Obama's running mate. Holder was born in the Bronx.
On September 25, 2014, the Justice Department said Holder would resign as soon as his successor is confirmed. He was succeeded by Loretta Lynch on April 27, 2015.
Obradoiro CAB

Obradoiro Club de Amigos do Baloncesto is a Galician basketball team. It was founded in 1970. The team currently plays in league ACB.
Albé

Albe is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Dover, Nova Scotia

Dover is an unincorporated community within Guysborough County in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is southwest of Canso and approximately northeast of Halifax.
Mike Rutherford

Mike Rutherford (born 2 October 1950) is an English guitarist and songwriter. He is known as the bassist and guitarist of Genesis. He also had success with his band Mike and the Mechanics.
Nomen dubium

A nomen dubium is Latin for "doubtful name" (plural nomina dubia). It is a scientific name in zoology which is of unknown or doubtful use.
With a nomen dubium it may be impossible to decide whether a specimen belongs to that group or not. This may happen if the original type specimen is lost or destroyed. The zoological and botanical codes allow for a new type specimen, or neotype, to be chosen in this case.
A name may also be considered a nomen dubium if its name-bearing type is fragmentary or lacking important diagnostic features. This is often the case for species known only as fossils. To preserve stability of names, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature allows a new type specimen, or neotype, to be chosen for a nomen dubium in this case.
It is one of a number of terms which are used in biological taxonomy.
Ur

Ur was the one of the world's first cities, in Mesopotamia. It was a Sumerian city-state, founded around 3,800 BC. There are written records dating from the 26th century. Ur was once a coastal city near the mouth of the River Euphrates on the Persian Gulf. It is now well inland, south of the Euphrates on its right bank, from Nasiriyah, Iraq.
Ziggurat
In the Sumerian city, the Ziggurat of Ur was a skyscraper over the city. It was about 20 metres (66 feet) tall. The only level that remains today is the bottom. There were big staircases to get up and down. They tell a lot about the people who built them. Sumerians had no tools and machinery like us. They were careful brick builders. Brickmakers formed mud bricks that were perfect. After drying they took them to the site and set them in place with bitumen. Bitumen is a thick sticky black stuff. It's like asphalt, the stuff they use to pave roads. They braided reeds so they would be stronger, and hooked them up like steel cables. Later the Ziggurat became more than a place for gods. There were workshops for craftworkers. For the priests, there were temples to do worship.
Social classes
Ur had three social classes. The richer, like government officials, priests, and soldiers, were at the top. The second level was for merchants, teachers, laborers, farmers and craftmakers. The bottom were for slaves captured in battle. Burials at Ur give insight into people's social standing. Kings and queens were buried with treasure. Since irrigation gave Ur abundant crops, not everybody needed to work on farms. People learned other skills. Sir Leonard Woolley found a tablet that listed Ur's special workers. The chisel workers made sculptures, the gem cutters made gems, and the fullers stomped on woven wools to make them soft. The metal workers made weapons.
Brody

Brody (; ; ; ) is a city in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. In 2021, 23,335 people lived there.
Carlijn Tukkers

Carlijn Tukkers (born 2000 or 2001) is a Dutch women's field hockey player who currently plays as a defender for Kampong. As a member of the Netherland national team (under-21) she became 2022 Junior World Cup champion.
Biography
At a young age Tukkers moved with her parents to Breda where she started playing field hockey with . After playing for two years with the seniors team she moved to HC Kampong in 2020. As a member of the Netherland national team (under-21) she became world champion at the 2022 Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup in South Africa.
Living in Bavel, her parents have played field hockey. Her two year older brother Jasper Tukkers plays for the Netherlands men's national field hockey team. She has also a six years younger sister who played field hockey at the youth team of BHV Push.
Tukkers studies business administration.
Dompierre, Fribourg

Dompierre () was a municipality of the district of Broye, in the canton of Fribourg, in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Domdidier, Dompierre, Lechelles and Russy merged to form the new municipality of Belmont-Broye.
Austin, Colorado

Austin is a small unincorporated community within the boundaries of the incorporated town of Orchard City in Delta County, Colorado, United States. There is a U.S. Post Office in Austin, the ZIP Code for which is 81410.
Bédéchan

Bedechan is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Happiness Is... Part 2

Happiness Is... Part 2 () is a 2019 Russian family film. The sequel to the film Happiness is... (2015).
Plot
An almanac of seven winning, upbeat, upbeat, Disney-winning film novels. Several aspiring filmmakers have tried to figure out what happiness is and how to achieve it.
Caesar salad

A Caesar salad is a salad that is made with romaine lettuce and croutons dressed with parmesan cheese, lemon juice, olive oil, egg, Worcestershire sauce, garlic, and black pepper. Some of the most common variations to the salad include: grilled poultry (most often chicken), meat, shellfish, or fish, capers, Romano cheese, anchovies, and bacon.
Caesar dressing can be either creamy, like Ranch dressing, or more oily, like Italian dressing. Its main flavourings are garlic and anchovies.
History
The salad is said to have been made and called after Caesar Cardini, an Italian immigrant who had restaurants in Mexico and the United States. Cardini was living in San Diego but also working in Tijuana.
The original Caesar salad did not have anchovy. Cardini's daughter said that the original recipe included whole lettuce leaves.
Health concerns
There are risks of infection by salmonella bacteria. Salmonella is sometimes in raw eggs. This is a concern with many similar dressings. They are emulsified with eggs. Later versions of the recipe call for briefly cooked coddled eggs or pasteurized eggs. There are many variations of this salad.
Bad Moms

Bad Moms is a 2016 American comedy movie. It was released in July 2016.
Plot
Amy Mitchell is a married woman with two children, Dylan and Jane. Amy feels overworked and over-committed. She works as a sales representative for a "hip" coffee company. She is active in her school's Parent-Teacher Association or PTA. The PTA is run by Gwendolyn James (Christina Applegate), Stacy (Jada Pinkett Smith) and Vicky.
Cast
Mila Kunis as Amy Mitchell
Kristen Bell as Kiki
Kathryn Hahn as Carla Dunkler
Christina Applegate as Gwendolyn James
Jada Pinkett Smith as Stacy
Annie Mumolo as Vicky
Jay Hernandez as Jessie Harkness
Lilly Singh as Cathy
Oona Laurence as Jane Mitchell
Emjay Anthony as Dylan Mitchell
Billy Slaughter as Veterinarian
Wendell Pierce as Principal Daryl Burr
David Walton as Mike Mitchell
Megan Ferguson as Tessa
Wanda Sykes as Dr. Elizabeth Karl
J. J. Watt as Coach Craig
Clark Duke as Dale Kipler
Martha Stewart as herself
Reception
Bad Moms took in over $179 million at the box office.
The movie's reviews were mixed. It scored a 60 on Metacritic's reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gave the movie a 60% rating.
TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2013)

TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2013) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on December 15, 2013 at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. It was the fifth TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs event held by the WWE.
Denali

Denali, also formerly known as Mount McKinley, is the highest mountain peak in both the United States and North America. It is exactly 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m) high. It is in the highest part of the Alaska Range. Denali means "the high one" in the Athabaskan language.
Location
Denali is in the middle of the Alaska Range. It is about 130 miles (209 km) north-northwest of Anchorage and 155 miles (249 km) southwest of Fairbanks. The summit is about 35 miles (56 km) from the nearest major road, the George Parks Highway.
Sandy Mills-O'Mellia

Sandy Mills-O'Mellia is an Australian water polo player. She competed for the Australian women's national water polo team in the 1986 World Aquatics Championships.
John Le Mesurier

John Le Mesurier (born John Elton Le Mesurier Halliley; 5 April 1912 - 15 November 1983) was an English actor and comedian. He is best remembered for his comedic role as Sergeant Arthur Wilson in the BBC television situation comedy Dad's Army (1968-77).
Le Mesurier was born on 5 April 1912 in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England. He studied at the Sherborne School.
Le Mesurier was married to June Melville from 1940 until they divorced in 1949. Then he was married to Hattie Jacques from 1949 until they divorced in 1965. Then he was married to Joan Malin from 1966 until his death in 1983. He had two sons.
Le Mesurier died from a stomach hemorrhage caused by cirrhosis of the liver in Ramsgate, Kent, England, aged 71.
Raorchestes luteolus

{{Speciesbox
| image =Raorchestes luteolus.jpg
| status =LC
| status_ref =
| status_system = IUCN3.1Q
| taxon = Raorchestes luteolus
| authority =(Kuramoto and Joshy, 2003)
| range_map =
|synonyms=*Philautus luteolus Kuramoto and Joshy, 2003Philautus neelanethrus Gururaja, Aravind, Ali, Ramachandra, Velavan, Krishnakumar, and Aggarwal, 2007Pseudophilautus luteolus Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009Raorchestes luteolus Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta, and Bossuyt, 2010
| synonyms_ref=
}}
The Coorg yellow bush frog or blue-eyed yellow bush frog (Raorchestes luteolus'') is a frog. It lives in southern India. Scientists have seen it in the Western Ghat mountains between 500 and 700 meters above sea level.
The adult male frog is about 26.8 mm long from nose to rear end. The skin of the frog's back is yellow or yellow-brown in color with light stripes that are not easy to see. The male frog turns yellow when it is time to find female frogs who will lay eggs. It turns cream-white at other times of year.
This frog lives in forests and in Myristica swamps on the mountains. It sits on plants about 1 meter above the ground.
Lloyd deMause

Lloyd deMause (pronounced de-Moss; September 19, 1931 - April 23, 2020) was an American social thinker. He was known for his works in psychohistory. He did graduate work in political science at Columbia University. He became a psychoanalyst afterwards. He was the founder of The Journal of Psychohistory.
Los Ángeles, Chile

Los Angeles is a Chilean city. It is the capital and main city of the Bio Bio province, Bio Bio region.
Geography
The commune of Los Angeles is between the Laja and Bio Bio rivers and has an area of . It is from the national capital of Santiago.
The commune is bordered on the north by the Yumbel and Cabrero communes and the Nuble province, on the east by the Quilleco and Santa Barbara communes, on the south by the Mulchen and Negrete communes, and on the west by the Nacimiento and Laja communes.
Climate
The climate of Los Angeles is a Mediterranean climate, Cfb in the Koppen climate classification.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Los Angeles is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Los Angeles is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .
Population
As of 2002, there were 166,556 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km2.
The city of Los Angeles has an urban area of and a population, in 2002, of 117,972 inhabitants.
Its inhabitants are called Angelinos (women, Angelinas).
Public works administration

Public Works Administration (PWA), part of the New Deal of 1933, was a large-scale public works construction agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes, it aimed at long-range recovery by spending over $4 billion on some 34,000 projects that included public buildings, highways, and parkways (i.e. the Grand Coulee Dam of the Columbia River).
Rīgas Satiksme

Rigas Satiksme is the transport organisation for Riga. It runs buses, trolleybuses and trams and manages the parking. It does not run train services and the passes used for buses and trams do not work on the trains.
In 2023 there were 51 bus routes, 21 trolleybus routes and six tram routes.
In 2015 4,100 people worked for it and its passengers completed 146.8 million rides.
Paul Michael Glaser

Paul Michael Glaser (born March 25, 1943) is an American actor and director.
Career
He began his career in the TV series Love Is a Many Splendored Thing (1967). In 1972 he had a role in the film starring Goldie Hawn, Butterflies Are Free (1972), and in the TV movies Aces Up (1974), with Raul Julia, and Trapped Beneath the Sea (1974), with Lee J. Cobb.
In 1976 he played Harry Houdini in the TV movie: The Great Houdini. Followed starred in the movies Phobia (1980), as Dr. Peter Ross, Wait Till Your Mother Gets Home! TV (1983), and Attack on Fear TV (1984), he plays the role of a journalist who reports cases of corruption in a small town.
Glaser had a great director career as a film and television. He directed Arnold Schwarzenegger in The Running Man (1987). He also directed episodes of the series: Starsky and Hutch, Miami Vice, Otherworld, The Agency, Mister Sterling, Robbery Homicide Division, Judging Amy, Third Watch, and many more.
Starsky and Hutch
His best known role was that of Det. Dave Starsky in American TV series Starsky and Hutch. The series is about two friends police, Dave Starsky and Ken Hutchinson; David Soul, to solve all kinds of cases. The series ran between 1975 and 1979. And they filmed 82 episodes. Glaser and Soul have a small role in the movie Starsky & Hutch (2004).
He was a guest star on the TV series: Cannon (1972), The Streets of San Francisco (1972), The Waltons (1973), Kojak (1974), The Closer (2008), Criminal Minds (2008), Numb3rs (2008), and The Mentalist (2009).
Iron Ridge, Wisconsin

Iron Ridge is a village of Dodge County in the state of Wisconsin in the United States. Almost 1,000 people were living in Iron Ridge as of 2000.
Sédhiou Region

Sedhiou is a region in the southwest of Senegal. The regional capital is Sedhiou. It was created in 2008.
As of the 2013 census, 434,877 people lived there. It has an area of .
Bill Hougland

William Marion "Bill" Hougland (June 20, 1930 - March 6, 2017) was an American basketball player and businessman. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1956 Summer Olympics. He was also a member of the Kansas Jayhawks' 1952 NCAA Men's Basketball National Championship team.
Hougland played for the Phillips 66ers from 1952 through 1958.
He was part of the American basketball team, which won the gold medal. He played all eight matches. Four years later he won his second gold medal as part of the American team.
After his sports career, Hougland served as Vice-President of Koch Industries until his retirement in 1991.
Hougland was born in Caldwell, Kansas. He studied at the University of Kansas. Houghland died on March 6, 2017 in Lawrence, Kansas, aged 86.
Columbiana County, Ohio

Columbiana County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. In 2020, 101,877 people lived there. The county seat is Lisbon.
Evaz

Evaz (, also Romanized as Awadh, Avaz, Evazeh, and 'ewaz) is a city and capital of Evaz District, in Fars Province, Iran.
Ramsgate

Ramsgate is a seaside town in the district of Thanet in Kent. It has a population of around 40,000. The town relies mainly on tourism and fishing for growth. The town has one of the largest marinas on the English south coast.
Ricardo Lorenzetti

Ricardo Luis Lorenzetti (born 19 September 1955) is a member of the Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina. He was elected President of the high court by his peers on November 7, 2006.
Lorenzetti was born in Rafaela, Santa Fe Province. He is the son of a primary school teacher and a travelling salesman. He went to school at the National University of the Littoral. He became a lawyer in 1978.
Calcaneus

The calcaneus is a bone of the foot and part of the heel. Its name came from the Latin word , calcaneus or calcaneum, meaning heel.
Chantrigné

Chantrigne is a commune of 588 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Varberg

Varberg is an urban area in the county of Halland in Sweden. It is the seat of Varberg Municipality.
Albert West

Albertus Petrus Enricus Gerardus Westelaken (2 September 1949 - 4 June 2015), better known by his stage name Albert West, was a Dutch pop singer and record producer. He was the lead singer of The Shuffles from 1963 to 1973. He was born in 's-Hertogenbosch, North Brabant.
Isaac Lawrence Milliken

Isaac Lawrence Milliken (August 29, 1815 - December 2, 1885) was an American politician who was mayor of Chicago, Illinois from 1854 to 1855. He was a member of the Democratic Party.
Milliken was born on August 29, 1815 in Saco, Maine. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Milliken died on December 2, 1885 in Chicago, Illinois from an illness, aged 70.
Oath

An oath (from Anglo-Saxon ad) is a promise. An oath is spoken out loud in front of other people who can see and hear what is done and said. They are witnesses to the oath. A person who cannot speak can make a sign that they are "taking an oath". Another way of saying that a person is "taking an oath" is to say that they are "swearing an oath".
A person can say "I promise that I will do this..." or "I swear that I will do this..."
When a person swears an oath they often show that the oath is very important to them by calling God to see and remember the promise, and to show that the promise is true, and cannot be taken back later. When a person takes an oath they sometimes raise their right hand, or put their hand on their heart, on the Bible or on another holy book.
Oaths are used in many situations when a person needs to be true to what they say:
A person often swears an oath when they get married that they will love, care for and be true to their partner.
A person is often asked to take an "oath" that they will tell the truth in court.
A person who has an important position like mayor or governor swears an oath that they will serve their people and country.
When a person becomes a citizen of a country where they were not born, they take an "oath of allegiance" and promise that they will be a good and true citizen of their new country.
Other meanings
The word "oath" is often used to mean any angry expression which includes religious or other strong language and promises that the person will do something horrible.
Nyctaginaceae

Nyctaginaceae, the four o'clock family, has about 33 genera and 290 species of flowering plants. It grows in tropical and subtropical regions, with a few representatives in temperate regions. It includes plants like the Bougainvillea and the four o'clock. Most of the species are vines.
The family has a unique fruit type, called an "anthocarp". Many genera have extremely large (>100 um) pollen grains.
A curious aspect of M. jalapa, the four o'clock, is that flowers with different colours grow simultaneously on the same plant.
The Doctor in Spite of Himself

The Doctor in Spite of Himself is a play by Moliere. It was first performed in 1666. It is about a drunkard who pretends to be a doctor.
Equality and Human Rights Commission

The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) is a non-departmental public body in England and Wales. It was created by the Equality Act 2006 on 1 October 2007. The Commission has responsibility for the promotion of equality and non-discrimination laws in England, Scotland and Wales. It took over the responsibilities of the Commission for Racial Equality, the Equal Opportunities Commission and the Disability Rights Commission.
1483

1483 was a common year.
Births
April 6 - Raphael (d. 1520)
November 10 - Martin Luther (d. 1546)
Hate crime

A hate crime is when someone breaks a law by hurting another person because of prejudice against a group the victim belongs to. Normally, a hate crime is not caused in any way by something the victim did or said, but just because of who they are. Hate crime is often in the form of physical violence, but can also be vandalism and damage to property, insults or other hurtful words, or other violations of human rights. People often commit hate crime because of prejudice about the victim's sex, ethnicity, religion, nationality, gender identity, class, sexual orientation, age, or other things about them.
The term "hate crime" was first used in the 1980s in the United States, when crimes caused by bias against certain types of people were being talked about in the media. Hate crime is sometimes a way to frighten other people who belong to the same group. This intimidation can be seen as terrorism when it is carried out on a large scale.
In 2009, the Matthew Shepard Act has changed the definition of a hate crime in the law of the United States. It says that crimes which were committed because of the victim's sexual orientation, gender identity or disability are hate crimes. It is the first law that protects transgender people.
Effects of Hate Crimes
People victimized by violent hate crimes are more likely to experience more psychological distress than victims of other violent crimes. Specifically, victims of crimes that are bias-motivated are more likely to experience post-traumatic stress, safety concerns, depression, anxiety and anger than victims of crimes that are not motivated by bias. Hate crimes send messages to members of the victim's group that they are unwelcome and unsafe in the community, victimizing the entire group and decreasing feelings of safety and security. Furthermore, witnessing discrimination against one's own group can lead to psychological distress and lower self-esteem.
Stethoscope

A stethoscope is a instrument used by doctors and other medical people. It is used to measure peoples heartbeat and their breathing. It is placed on the area where the heart is or on the back.
The modern stethoscope is made up of a Y-shaped flexible plastic tube. An earpiece is attached to each end of the Y and a sound-detecting device at the other end. The sound-detecting device has a thin plastic sheet on one side and a bell shape with a hole in on the other. The diaphragm is used to listen to a patient's chest for high-pitched sounds. The bell end is used to detect lower-pitched sounds. The lung sounds have a higher frequency than heart sounds.
Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec (1781-1826) was a French physician who, in 1816, invented the stethoscope. Using this new instrument, he investigated the sounds made by the heart and lungs and determined that his diagnoses were supported by the observations made during autopsies.
Dierrey-Saint-Pierre

Dierrey-Saint-Pierre is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Vraignes-en-Vermandois

Vraignes-en-Vermandois is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Polish

Polish can mean:
When written with upper-case P:
Anything related to the country of Poland
Polish language, the language spoken in the country
Poles, the people of Poland
When written with lower-case p:
To polish something is to rub it so that it is smooth and shiny
A substance used to do that action is called polish
Basic English 850 words
Dreams Come True

Dreams Come True is a Japanese J-Pop music group.
The group is made up of a woman and a man. The vocalist is Miwa Yoshida and the bassist is Masato Namamura. They made their debut in 1988. The group tends to use humorous and ambiguous language in their songs.
Ostra, Suceava

Ostra is a commune found in Suceava County, Romania.
Chalcedon

For the Ecumenical Council of 451, see Council of Chalcedon.
Chalcedon (Khalkedon, sometimes transliterated as Chalkedon) was an ancient maritime town of Bithynia, in Asia Minor, almost directly opposite Byzantium, south of Scutari (modern Uskudar). Today, in modern Turkish, Chalcedon is called Kadikoy and a district of Istanbul, Turkey.
Eureka Stockade

The Eureka Stockade is the name given to a rebellion by gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. It took place at sunrise, on December 3, 1854. The miners came from England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Canada, Italy, Hungary, France, Germany, China and Australia. The miners refused to pay a licence fee to look for gold. The miners said that the money for the licence was a tax, and that if they had to pay tax then they should be represented in the parliament. Irish miner Peter Lalor became the leader of the miners. They built a fort, or stockade, on Bakery Hill above the gold diggings on the Eureka gold lead. They were attacked by the British Army. More than 30 people were killed. The battle went for 20 minutes.
Flag
The miners made their own flag which was flown at the Eureka Stockade. The flag was torn down during the battle and taken away by one of the soldiers. It was given to the Ballarat Art Gallery in the 1890s. Pieces of the flag were sometimes given to important visitors to Ballarat. It is believed that Queen Elizabeth II has a small piece. In the 1973 the flag was restored and put on display at the Art Gallery. The display was opened by the Prime Minister of Australia, Gough Whitlam. The flag has been put on the Victorian Heritage Register and was named an icon by the National Trust in 2006. In August 2010, the Ballarat Art Gallery said that the flag needed further work to keep it safe. It was sent to South Australia to be restored at a cost of more than AU$100,000. The Gallery has built a new airtight case to hold the flag.
The symbol
The flag has often been used as a symbol of rebelion. Trade unions used the flag in their marches. The Prime Minister, John Howard, banned the flag from being flown on building sites.
In 2008, the Football Federation of Australia tried to stop the flag from being flown by supporters of the soccer team, Melbourne Victory. They said it was against their rules for teams to use political symbols. People with the flag would be made to leave the football ground
In 2018, the Eureka flag again divided people in some workplaces. The Australian Building and Construction Commission published examples of slogans and logos that were against the Federal Government's building codes. These images were not allowed to be displayed by workers on projects run by the government. The list of banned images included the Eureka flag.
Many nationalist groups have started to use the flag as a symbol. It was used during the racial riots at Cronulla, New South Wales. People are concerned that it will become a symbol of leaving people out, and not a symbol of Australian democracy.
David Copperfield (illusionist)

David Seth Kotkin (September 16, 1956), known professionally as David Copperfield, is an American illusionist. He is described by Forbes as the most commercially successful magician in history. Copperfield's career of over 40 years has earned him 11 Guinness World Records. Copperfield has won a total of 21 Emmy Awards. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Copperfield was knighted by the French government. He has also been named a Living Legend by the US Library of Congress. Copperfield was born in Metuchen, New Jersey, United States. His parents were immigrants from the USSR which is now present-day Ukraine.
Debbie Dingell

Deborah Ann Dingell (; ; November 23, 1953) is an American Democratic politician. She has been the U.S. Representative for Michigan's 12th congressional district since 2015. She replaced her husband John Dingell.
Autechaux

Autechaux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Saint James's Palace

Saint James's Palace is a royal palace in the City of Westminster, in London. It is between Pall Mall and The Mall, two streets in Central London, and opposite St James's Park. It is a working royal palace, and it is not open to the public. It was the most important home of the British royal family until Queen Victoria moved to Buckingham Palace in 1837.
Henry VIII built the palace in the early 1530s. Charles I spent his last night here before his execution in 1649.
James
James's Palace, St.
Norman Taylor (basketball)

Norman Taylor (1965 - November 15, 2020) was an American-born Australian basketball player. He played three seasons in the Australian National Basketball League (NBL) for the Illawarra Hawks from 1989 to 1991. He played center for the Hawks at 6'7". Taylor was born in New York City. He was undrafted (not picked by any team) during the 1988 NBA draft.
Taylor died on November 15, 2020 from a heart attack in Wollongong, New South Wales at the age of 55.
Akira Matsunaga (footballer, born 1914)

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Nobuo Matsunaga and Seki Matsunaga also played for Japan national team.
Biography
Matsunaga was born in Yaizu on September 21, 1914. In 1936, when he was a Tokyo Liberal Arts and Science University student, he was selected the Japan national team for 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. At this competition, on August 4, he debuted and scored a goal against Sweden. Japan completed a come-from-behind victory against Sweden. The first victory in Olympics for the Japan and the historic victory over one of the powerhouses became later known as "Miracle of Berlin" (berurinnoQi Ji ) in Japan. In 2016, this team was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame. On August 7, he also played against Italy. He played 2 games and scored 1 goal for Japan in 1936.
In 1937, Matsunaga entered the Imperial Japanese Army and served in World War II with the 230th Infantry Regiment. On January 20, 1943 he was killed in action during the Guadalcanal Campaign at the age of 28.
Raoni Metuktire

Raoni Metuktire (born ), also known as Chief Raoni or Ropni, is a Brazilian leader and environmentalist. He is a chief of the Kayapo people, a Brazilian Indigenous group from the plain lands of the Mato Grosso and Para in Brazil. He is internationally famous as a living symbol of the fight for the preservation of the Amazon rainforest and indigenous culture.
Ronchaux

Ronchaux () is a commune in the Doubs department. It is in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region in eastern France.
Geography
Ronchaux is from Quingey. It is on the banks of the Bief de Caille, a stream that comes from the Mittoniere cave.
Workers' Party of Korea

Workers' Party of Korea is the only ruling party in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). The party has ruled in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea since its inception in 1949.
The Workers' Party of Korea was established on June 30, 1949 by Kim Il-sung as its leader. The Communist Party of Korea was established on April 25, 1925, based in Seoul. The first secretary of the Communist Party of Korea was Kim Yong-bom. On 30 June 1949, the Workers' Party of Korea was formed based on the merger between the Communist Party of Korea and the new Democratic Party of Korea.
Preposition

Prepositions often describe the position of something, the time when something happens or the way in which something is done. The prepositions "of", "to" and "for" have other functions.
Prepositions may sometimes be used to end sentences. For example, "What did you put that there for?" (better English is the alternative: "Why did you put that there?") Example 2: "A pen is a device to write with" (better English is "A pen is a writing device"). In general, because they are links, prepositions belong in the middle of sentences, rather than at the end.
The table below shows some examples of how prepositions are used in sentences.
List of common prepositions
About
Above
Across
After
Along
Amid
Among
Around
As
At
Before
Behind
Below
Beneath
Between
Because of
Down
During
Except
For
From
In
Into
Inside
Instead of
Near
Next to
Of
Off
On
onto
Outside
Out of: unusual in needing two words, e.g. "The bat flew out of the cave".