kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Amirat

Amirat is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Mordellistena degressa

Mordellistena degressa is a species of beetle in the family Mordellidae. It is in the Mordellistena genus. It was discovered in 1917.
Ecklak

Ecklak is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Bad Wünnenberg

Bad Wunnenberg is a town in Paderborn in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Clarence Ellis (computer scientist)

Clarence "Skip" Ellis (May 11, 1943 - May 17, 2014) was an American computer scientist, and Emeritus Professor of Computer Science and Cognitive Science at the University of Colorado at Boulder. While at the CU-Boulder, he was the director of the Collaboration Technology Research Group and a member of the Institute of Cognitive Science. Ellis was the first African-American to earn a PhD in Computer Science (1969), and the first African-American to be elected a Fellow of the ACM (1997). Ellis was a pioneer in Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Groupware. He and his team at Xerox PARC created OfficeTalk, one of the first groupware systems. Ellis also pioneered Operational Transformation, which is a set of techniques that enables real-time collaborative editing of documents.
Bonners Ferry, Idaho

Bonners Ferry is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Sumida River

The is a Japanese river which flows through Tokyo. It crosses the north part of Tokyo and drains into Tokyo Bay.
Distance education

Distance education (or distance learning) is a form of education where the teacher and the student(s) are not at the same physical location.
It follows that the teaching must be done via some kind of medium or a collection of media. Print, movie, television, radio, video chat and computer web sources have been used. In 1840 Isaac Pitman began teaching his shorthand by sending and receiving postcards. His success led to the establishment of correspondence schools.
Distance learning technologies using the Internet are used both for mastering individual advanced training courses for users, taking online courses and for obtaining higher education. The following main forms of distance learning can be distinguished: online and offline. Learning via the Internet has a number of significant advantages:
Flexibility -- students can get an education at the right time and in a convenient place;
Long--range - students are not limited by distance and can study regardless of their place of residence;
Cost--effectiveness - the costs of long-distance trips to the place of study are significantly reduced.
1520s

The 1520s was a decade that started on 1 January 1520 and ended on 31 December 1529.
Events
Aztecs surrender to the Spanish conquistadors.
Ferdinand Magellan takes a trip around the world, and discovers the Philippines and Guam.
Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation
Births
Anne Askew, English Protestant martyr (1521)
Taqi al-Din, Muslim scientist (1526)
Deaths
Ferdinand Magellan, Spanish explorer (1521)
Zhengde, Emperor of China (1521)
Wijerd Jelckama, Frisian warlord and rebel (b. 1490)
Marko Marulic, Croatian poet (1524)
Vasco da Gama, Portuguese explorer (1524)
Niccolo Machiavelli, Italian writer and statesman.
Town People

Town People () is a 1975 Soviet movie directed by Vladimir Rogovoy and stars Nikolay Kryuchkov, Marina Dyuzheva, and Mikhail Vaskov.
Mucho Barato

Mucho Barato is the first album by Control Machete, a Mexican hip hop group. It came out in 1997 and sold 100,000 copies in Mexico, and 400,000 in Latin America. The single Comprendes Mendes? became very popular and was a radio hit all over Latin America.
Bunny Roser

Bunny Roser (November 15, 1901 - May 6, 1979) was a former baseball player for the Boston Braves. He was a left fielder. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He died in Rocky Hill, Connecticut at the age of 77.
Cerentino

Cerentino is a municipality of the district Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
James Lindenberg

James Lindenberg (December 20, 1921 - April 28, 2009) is an American entrepreneur. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is called "The Father of Philippine Television" for founding the Bolinao Electronics Corporation (BEC).
Vinyl cutter

A vinyl cutter is a type of computer controlled machine. Small vinyl cutters look like computer printers. The computer controls the movement of a sharp blade. This blade is used to cut out shapes and letters from sheets of thin self-adhesive plastic (vinyl).
Uses
Vinyl cutters are mainly used by to make signs, banners and advertisements. Advertisements seen on automobiles and vans are often made with vinyl cut letters. Vinyl cutters can also be used to cut out shapes from thin cardboard.
It can also be used to make adhesive electronic boards.
Yūji Kishi

Yuji Kishi is a Japanese actor and voice actor. His first role was in the 1996 Super Sentai series, Gekisou Sentai Carranger as Kyosuke Jinnai/Red Racer.
Jim Fassel

James Edward Fassel (August 31, 1949 - June 7, 2021) was an American college and professional football player and coach. He was the head coach of the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL) from 1997 to 2003. He was head coach, general manager, and president of the Las Vegas Locomotives. Fassel was born in Anaheim, California.
Fassel died on June 7, 2021 in Las Vegas, Nevada from a heart attack, aged 71.
Sevenoaks School

Sevenoaks School is an English co-educational public school in Kent. It is a member of the G20 Schools Group. It is the second oldest non-denominational school in the United Kingdom, dating back to 1432, behind Oswestry (1407). Over 1,000 day pupils and boarders attend, ranging in age from 11 to 18 years. There are approximately equal numbers of boys and girls.
It was the first school in England to switch to the International Baccalaureate instead of the usual A-Level exams.
Sahakutumb Sahaparivar

Sahakutumb Sahaparivar () is a Marathi language drama which aired on Star Pravah. It starred Sunil Barve and Nandita Dhuri-Patkar. The show is produced by Ranjit Thakur & Hemant Ruparel under the banner of Frames Production.
Mark Phillips (Guyana)

Mark Phillips (born 1961) is a Guyanese politician and retired military officer. In August 2020, he became the 9th Prime Minister of Guyana. He was the chief of staff of the Guyana Defence Force from 2013 to 2016.
Confident (album)

Confident is the fifth studio album by American singer Demi Lovato. The album was released on October 16, 2015 through Hollywood Records.
Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)

The Leader of His Majesty's Loyal Opposition () is the leader of Canada's Official Opposition. It is the party possessing the most seats in the House of Commons that is not the governing party or part of the governing coalition.
The former interim Leader of the Opposition was Candice Bergen, M.P. since Erin O'Toole's resignation in February 2022. Pierre Poilievre is the current Leader of the Opposition.
Senarpont

Senarpont is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Oppède

Oppede is a commune of 1,226 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
List of diseases

This is a list of common, well-known or infamous diseases. This is neither complete nor authoritative. This is not intended to be a list of rare diseases, nor is it a list of mental disorders.
Freisen

Freisen is a municipality of the district of Sankt Wendel, in Saarland, Germany.
Ragtime

Ragtime (or rag-time) is a musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1897 and 1918.
Its main characteristic trait is its syncopated, or 'ragged', rhythm. It began as dance music in the red-light districts of American cities such as St. Louis and New Orleans years before being published as popular sheet music for piano.
Ragtime was a modification of the march made popular by John Philip Sousa, with additional polyrhythms typical of African music. The ragtime composer Scott Joplin became famous through the publication in 1899 of the Maple Leaf Rag and a string of ragtime hits that followed. For at least 12 years after its publication, the Maple Leaf Rag heavily influenced subsequent ragtime composers with its melody lines, harmonic progressions or metric patterns.
Ragtime fell out of favor as jazz claimed the public's imagination after 1917, but there have been numerous revivals since. First, in the early 1940s many jazz bands began to include ragtime in their repertoire and put out ragtime recordings on 78 rpm records. A more significant revival occurred in the 1950s as a wider variety of ragtime styles of the past were made available on records, and new rags were composed, published, and recorded.
In 1971 Joshua Rifkin brought out a compilation of Scott Joplin's work which was nominated for a Grammy Award. In 1973, the motion picture The Sting brought ragtime to a wide audience with its soundtrack of Joplin tunes. Subsequently, the film's rendering of Joplin's 1902 rag The Entertainer was a Top 5 hit in 1974.
Ragtime (with Joplin's work in the forefront) has been cited as an American equivalent of minuets by Mozart, mazurkas by Chopin, or waltzes by Brahms. Ragtime influenced classical composers including Erik Satie, Claude Debussy and Igor Stravinsky. Ragtime was included in the dance styles of Vernon and Irene Castle, and influenced the English ballroom dances, the foxtrot and the quickstep.
Ray Kurzweil

Raymond "Ray" Kurzweil (born February 12, 1948 in Queens, New York City) is an American author, entrepreneur, inventor, and futurist.
Kurzweil wrote seven books (five of them were national bestsellers) about topics like health, artificial intelligence (AI), transhumanism, immortality, the technological singularity, and futurism. He speaks to people and gives speeches at conferences like DEMO, SXSW, and TED. He also maintains the news website KurzweilAI.net. It has more than three million readers per year. He has a sibling, a son, Ethan Kurzweil, and a daughter, Amy Kurzweil.
Kurzweil works at Google since 2012. He is a "director of engineering".
Notable predictions
Kurzweil made 147 predictions about the future since the 1990s. He has a prediction accuracy rate of 86%.
Past
Predictions from 1990: A computer will defeat a world chess champion by 1998. This prediction was wrong because it already happened in 1997. Personal Computers (PCs) will can answer queries by accessing information wirelessly via the Internet by 2010. That became true. Exoskeletal limbs will let the disabled walk by the early 2000s. That became true.
Predictions from 1999: People will can talk to their computer to give them commands by 2009. That became true. Computer displays will be built into eyeglasses for augmented reality by 2009. That became true.
Predictions from 2005: Virtual solutions will be able to do real-time language translation into text that will appear as subtitles to a user wearing the glasses in the 2010s. That became true.
Future
In the 2020s: Nanobots will fight most diseases. Human eating can be replaced by nanosystems. There will be self-driving cars. Humans will not be allowed to drive on highways anymore.
By 2027: Accurate computer simulations of all parts of the human brain will exist.
By 2029: AI will pass a valid Turing test and will achieve human levels of intelligence. Computers will have emotional intelligence. Computers will have human level intelligence.
In the early 2030: There will be a basic income in the developed world.
In the 2030s: Humans can connect their neocortex to a cloud. Some technology will be invented that can go inside a brain and help the memory. Virtual reality (VR) will feel 100% real.
In the late 2030s: Humans can upload their mind. There will be a worldwide basic income.
In the 2040s: Non-biological intelligence will be a billion times higher than biological intelligence.
By 2045: The technological singularity will start. Humans will can multiply their intelligence a billion times by linking wirelessly from our neocortex to a synthetic neocortex in a cloud. Computers will be about one billion times more intelligent than all human brains on earth together. Humans will can live forever.
By 2072: Picotechnology will be possible.
By 2099: Machines will get equal legal status with humans. Humans will meet other beings mostly in virtual environments. There will be very few organic humans. Femtoengineering might be possible.
In a few centuries: Computer intelligence will be higher than human intelligence in all areas.
Castle of Macconago

Macconago Castle () is a castle defensive of medieval origin in the ancient village of Macconago, a locality in the municipality of Milan near the Prada Foundation, inside the Mirasole Oasis.
History
The history of the castle of Macconago dates back to 1030 when a square defensive structure was first erected, completed in 1040 with the construction of a series of watchtowers. The structure was entrusted in castellania to the Pusterla family (whose coats of arms can still be admired today at the two main entrances on the front and back), which however fell out of favor with the Visconti, who definitively requisitioned the castle, later entrusted to the Vimercati family, then passing to the Calchi family, the Marliani, the Ferrario, the Tarlaini, the Greppi and the Gavanas, current owners of the structure.
Structure
The structure of the castle, with the typical square plan, has watchtowers and embattled walkways that have also undergone various transformations and extensions over the centuries. The castle is organized on three floors, of which the only original from the fourteenth century is in the basement, being the one less altered by subsequent interventions.
Inside, the structure retains traces of Renaissance-era graffiti. On the ground floor there are also some period stables. In front of the castle there is also a church dating back to the 18th century.
Barbara Cook

Barbara Cook (October 25, 1927 - August 8, 2017) was an American singer and actress. She became known during the 1950s after starring in the original Broadway musicals Plain and Fancy (1955), Candide (1956) and The Music Man (1957) among others, winning a Tony Award for the last.
Cook died from respiratory failure on August 8, 2017 in New York City at the age of 89.
Cleberson Luis Marques

Cleberson Luis Marques (born 4 July 1984) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Uniao Sao Joao.
Marly-Gomont

Marly-Gomont is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Zacapa Department

Zacapa is a department in Guatemala. The capital is the city of Zacapa.
Ludwig Hoffmann-Rumerstein

Fra' Ludwig Hoffmann von Rumerstein (born January 21, 1937) is an Austrian nobility. He was the interim Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in 2017. From 1994 to 2004 and again from 2014 to 2019, he was Grand Commander of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. He was born in Innsbruck.
Bedknobs and Broomsticks

Bedknobs and Broomsticks is a 1971 musical movie produced by Walt Disney Productions. It combines live action and animation. It was released in North America on December 13, 1971. It is based on the books The Magic Bed Knob; or, How to Become a Witch in Ten Easy Lessons and Bonfires and Broomsticks by English children's author Mary Norton.
The movie is often compared to Mary Poppins. It is also partly set in the streets of London. It shares some of the cast from Mary Poppins, a similar crew, the same songwriters and director.
The movie was made at Walt Disney Studios. The castle scenes were shot on location at Corfe Castle, Dorset, England, UK.
Cast
Angela Lansbury as Miss Eglantine Price, an apprentice witch.
David Tomlinson as Emelius Browne, Miss Price's former teacher and headmaster of Correspondence College of Witchcraft.
Roddy McDowall as Mr. Rowan Jelk, the local vicar
Sam Jaffe as Bookman, an antiquarian book merchant
John Ericson as Colonel Heller, leader of German invasion force.
Bruce Forsyth as Swinburne, Bookman's assistant
The Children:
Cindy O'Callaghan as Carrie
Roy Snart as Paul
Ian Weighill as Charlie
Tessie O'Shea as Mrs. Jessica Hobday
Arthur Gould-Porter as Captain Bill Ainsley Greer
Ben Wrigley as Portobello Road workman
Reginald Owen as Major General Sir Brian Teagler, leader of the Home Guard. This is Owen's last film before his death the next year.
Sonny Barger

Ralph Hubert Barger (October 8, 1938 - June 29, 2022), better known as Sonny Barger, was an American outlaw biker, author and actor. He was a founding member of the Oakland, California chapter of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club in 1957. He wrote five books, and appeared on television and movies. He was born in Modesto, California. He played the role of Lenny "The Pimp" Janowitz in the television series Sons of Anarchy.
Barger died on June 29, 2022 in Oakland, California from throat cancer, aged 83.
Bob Hope

Leslie Townes Hope (May 29, 1903 - July 27, 2003), better known as Bob Hope, was a British-American comedian, vaudevillian, actor, singer, and dancer. He was the only person who received five honorary Oscars.
Early life
Bob Hope was born on May 29, 1903, in London, England to a Welsh mother and English father. In 1908, the Hopes migrated to Cleveland, Ohio. In 1920, at age 17, Hope became a U.S. citizen.
Career
Before he was an actor, Hope became a professional boxer. In this time he was called "Packey East". Years later, he was popular because of some musicals he played in. He was also part of some television and radio shows. At the same time, Bob Hope became a comedian. Hope visited the United States armed forces between 1941 and 1991 during the conflicts in that time period. These shows made Hope a household name and well liked by most Americans. Hope also entertained eleven U.S. Presidents.
In 1939, Bob Hope married Dolores DeFina (May 27, 1909 - September 19, 2011). The couple adopted four children: Eleanora, Anthony, Linda, and Kelly.
Awards
Bob Hope was honored with more than 1500 awards. Among them are five special Oscars in 1941, 1945, 1953, 1960, and 1966. Between 1940 and 1978 he hosted the Academy Awards record seventeen times.
And in 1998 he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) by Queen Elizabeth II. Upon accepting the appointment, Hope quipped, "I'm speechless. 70 years of ad lib material and I'm speechless."
Death
Bob Hope died of pneumonia on July 27, 2003, 2 months after his 100th birthday. He was buried 3 days later, reburied on July 22, 2005 in custom made grave in California.
Boana stellae

Boana stellae is a frog that lives in Brazil. Scientists have seen it between 200 and 600 meters above sea level on the Araucaria plateau in Rio Grande do Sul.
The adult male frog is 40.7 to 49.9 mm long from nose to rear end. The frog is brown in color with a dark pattern on its back. It has a wide stripe that is yellow on the edges down each side of its body. The stripe goes from the nose to where the legs meet the body. There are also yellow marks on its sides. The iris of the eye is gold or copper in color. The iris is lighter on the top half than on the bottom half.
This frog lives in forests. It lives near bodies of water that do not dry up, for example streams. Scientists saw one group of eggs with 200 eggs in it. The tadpoles swim in fast water.
Sadomasochism

Sadomasochism is a word which is mostly used in a social (non-medical) way. It means that people get together to either give or receive pain and humiliation. Usually it's a form of sex play.
Sadists enjoy inflicting pain on others or humiliating them. Masochists get pleasure from being tortured, hurt, or humiliated.
Walter Sisulu

Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu (18 May 1912 - 5 May 2003) was a South African activist and politician. He fought against apartheid. Sisulu was the Secretary-General of the African National Congress from 1949 to 1954. Over the next 10 years he was put in prison seven times.
He was one of many people, including Nelson Mandela to be found guilty of treason during trials between 1956 and 1961. He was sent to prison for 6 years because of this. While free on bail, he went into hiding. He was found in 1963 and put on trial again. In 1964, he as sent to prison for the rest of his life. He was released from prison in 1989.
In 1991, he became the Deputy-President of the African National Congress. He held the position from July 1991 to 1994. Sisulu died from Parkinson's disease on 5 May 2003, aged 90.
Luigi De Filippo

Luigi De Filippo (10 August 1930 - 31 March 2018) was an Italian actor, stage director and playwright. He was known for his movie role in Non e vero... ma ci credo, You're on Your Own, and in Love Italian Style.
De Filippo died in Rome on 31 March 2018 of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 87.
Rambaud

Rambaud is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
Noëlla Rouget

Noella Rouget (25 December 1919 - 22 November 2020) was a French resistant and teacher. She spoke of her experiences in the 1980s in Switzerland, Haute-Savoie, and Ain. She was born in Saumur, France.
Rouget died in Geneva on 22 November 2020 at the age of 100.
Silent Wedding

Silent Wedding () is a 2008 Romanian Luxembourgian French comedy-drama movie. Horatiu Malaele directed it. Meda Andreea Victor, Alexandru Potocean, Valentin Teodosiu, Nicolae Urs, Tamara Buciuceanu, and Tudorel Filimon acted in the movie.
Urban legend

An urban legend is an often circulated story that is not necessarily based on truth, but merely conjecture and rumor. However, there may or may not be a grain of truth from which the story originated.
Urban legends and the Internet
The Internet has made it easier for urban legends to spread, as people often spread them to their friends or family using e-mail. As a result, some websites such as Snopes.com and TruthOrFiction.com, among others, have been made that look at urban legends and try to see whether or not they are true.
An example of an urban legend is a report that years after the defeat of St Clair in 1791 at Ft Recovery Mercer Country Ohio - a skeleton of a Captain Roger Vanderberg was found in Miami County Ohio inside a tree along with a diary; in fact no one of this name was a casualty of the 1791 battle - it was a story that orginated in 1864 from a Scottish novel! Another example of a urban legend is a young woman and her mother going to visit the Paris Exposition; the mother falls ill, the daughter rushes off to get help only to find her mother gone! The woman either goes insane or is told the truth-her mother had the plague which was the reason for the coverup. This became the premise of a 1950s movie So Long at the Fair. In fact the basis for the legend was a story in 1897 in a Philadelphia newspaper...and no other sources in fact!
Other urban legends concern the Chase Burial Vault in Barbadoes although the lone account has no other basis in fact. Another urban legend concerns organized crime: In New York city at the turn of the century there was a "Murder Stable" where criminals killed one another. In fact, the report was exaggerated. Allegedly, an unknown killer named "Shotgun Man" committed dozens of murders with a shotgun in Chicago, Illinois after the turn of the century between 1910 and 1911 - although a check of a database of Chicago murders from that time period shows only one shotgun killings between 1900 and 1920.
Gigablaster

Gigablaster is a Brazilian Animated Series produced by TeamTO and WildBrain Dublin in co-production with Gloob It is written by Eric Shaw.
The Gigablaster family of characters has a very playful blue rhinoceros, a shy DJ, an explosive guitarist, and an absent-minded, deaf zombie. They live in a karaoke in a large city. Together, Giga, Ziggy and Rubi are part of a band managed by Cool Daddy. They end up getting in trouble with villains ranging from Shimeji God to GossipCam Paparazzi.
Caradoc

Caradoc was a knight of the Round Table. He was raised as the son of Caradoc the Elder, the king of Nates. His mother had an affair with a sorcerer named Eliavres who was his real father. During a beheading game, he chopped off his opponents head. The corpse replaced the head and explained that he was Caradoc's biological father. Humiliated, he took his father and locked him in a tower. While attempting to escape, the wizard made a serpent wrap itself around his son's arm. A witch persuaded Eliaures, who was a magician, to make the snake attach itself to Caradoc's arm, sucking his blood. His friend Cador saved his life by putting his sister Guimer in a vat of milk and Caradoc in a vat of sour wine. This got the snake to cross from one vat to the other, giving Cador the chance to kill it with his sword. The attack caused Caradoc's arm to "shrivel away", and he became known as Breifbras (little-arm). Later in life he married Guignier. Due to Caradoc's mother's infidelity, he was very paranoid and made his wife go through a chastity test while they were both in Camelot. She passed the test and the two were given the city of Cirencester as a reward.
Freedom Party of Austria

The Freedom Party of Austria (German: Freiheitliche Partei Osterreichs, shortened to FPO) is an Austrian political party led by Norbert Hofer
Their ideology is national conservative. They are the third biggest party in the Austrian Parliament. The party leader is currently Norbert Hofer.
Griswold, Connecticut

Griswold is a town in Connecticut in the United States.
Howie Meeker

Howard William Meeker, C.M. (4 November 1923 - 8 November 2020) was a Canadian right winger in the National Hockey League. He was also a television sports announcer as well as a Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament from 1951 to 1953.
Meeker was the last surviving member of the Maple Leafs 1947 Stanley Cup team, the Maple Leafs 1949 Stanley Cup team, the Maple Leafs 1951 Stanley Cup team, and the inaugural NHL All-Star Game.
Meeker died on November 8, 2020 in hospital in Nanaimo, British Columbia at the age of 97.
Saint-Montan

Saint-Montan is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Willard Boyle

Willard Sterling Boyle, CC (August 19, 1924- May 7, 2011) was a Canadian physicist and co-inventor of the charge-coupled device. On October 6, 2009, he won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit--the CCD sensor".
Life
Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, he was the son of a medical doctor and moved to Quebec with his father and mother Beatrice when he was three. He was home schooled by his mother until age fourteen, when he attended Montreal's Lower Canada College to complete his secondary education. Boyle attended McGill University, but his education was interrupted in 1943, when he joined the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II. He was loaned to the Britain's Royal Navy, where he was learning how to land Spitfires on aircraft carriers as the war ended. He gained a Bachelor of Science (1947), Master of Science (1948) and PhD (1950) from McGill University.
Career
After receiving his doctorate, Boyle spent one year at Canada's Radiation Laboratory and two years teaching physics at the Royal Military College of Canada. In 1953 Boyle joined Bell Labs a part of Bellcomm, where he invented the first continuously operating ruby laser with Don Nelson in 1962. He also helped invent a semiconductor injection laser. He became director of Space Science and Exploratory Studies at the Bell Labs in 1962. They provided support for the Apollo space program and helped to select Moon landing sites. He returned to Bell Labs in 1964, working on the development of integrated circuits.
In 1969, Boyle and George E. Smith invented the charge-coupled device (CCD). Before CCDs were used in cameras, all cameras used chemicals to capture photographic images. CCDs made electronic photography possible. Boyle and Smith jointly received the Franklin Institute's Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1973, the 1974 IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award, the 2006 Charles Stark Draper Prize, and the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing the CCD. NASA used the CCD to send clear pictures to Earth back from space. CCD is also used in many digital cameras today. Smith said of their invention: "After making the first couple of imaging devices, we knew for certain that chemistry photography was dead."
Boyle was Executive Director of Research for Bell Labs from 1975 until his retirement in 1979. In retirement, he split his time between Halifax and Wallace, Nova Scotia where he helped launch an art gallery with his wife Betty, a landscape artist. He married Betty in 1947, and has four children, 10 grandchildren and one great-grandchild. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada in 2010. Boyle died in Wallace from kidney disease.
Swamp cooler

Swamp coolers are simple type of air conditioning device that can cool a room of a house or a car by using the cooling effect of the evaporation of water. This is known as evaporative cooling. Swamp coolers can cool the air temperature in a small space by drawing the air through wet pads (some are made of aspen wood) using an electric fan. Swamp coolers work best in dry climates such as the American Southwest and the American South. They are usually much cheaper to buy and operate than refrigerated air-conditioning devices. This type of air conditioner was first used thousands of years ago in ancient Iran.
Shughni language

Shughni is a Pamiri language spoken in Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan in the Hindu Kush region. It is closely related to Rushani.
Beaulieu, Ardèche

Beaulieu is a town and commune of the Ardeche departement, in the southern part of France.
Ion Creangă

Ion Creanga (1 March 1837, Humulesti, Romania - 31 December 1889, Iasi) was a Romanian writer. He wrote all kinds of stories including his autobiography (English: Childhood memories).
Barium bromide

Barium bromide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BaBr2. It contains barium and bromide ions.
Properties
Barium bromide is a colorless solid. It dissolves easily in water. It is very toxic because of the barium ions. It reacts with the sulfate ion to make insoluble (does not dissolve in water) barium sulfate.
Preparation
Barium bromide can be made by reacting barium carbonate with hydrobromic acid. It can also be made by a violent reaction between barium and bromine.
Uses
It can be used to make zinc bromide. It also is used to purify radium.
Fish farm

A fish farm is a place where fish are bred. In most cases, this is done for food. There are two basic types of fish farms:
Those where the fish are raised in tanks
Those where fish are raised in specially prepared areas of the oceans, lakes or rivers.
The most common fish species raised by fish farms are salmon, carp, tilapia, catfish and cod.
There are many problems related to fish farming:
Sometimes fish can escape. This is only an economical impact if the fish also occur naturally, but can have a big impact if they do not.
The fish in the farms need to be fed, for this other (smaller) fish need to be raised.
Grabenstätt

Grabenstatt is a municipality in Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany.
Molar heat capacity

The molar heat capacity of a substance is the energy needed to raise the temperature of one mole of it by one degree Celsius.
When using SI units, it can be calculated with the equation
where refers to the molar heat capcity (in joules per Kelvin), to the heat supplied (in joules) and (in Kelvin) to the temperature change in the substance.
The molar heat capacity of a given substance can be found by heating the substance by releasing a known amount of energy into the substance and measuring the temperature change.
For example, a common school experiment to find the molar heat capacity of water involves heating a beaker of water with an immersion heater (that can display the heat released in joules on a display) and stirring the water, while checking the temperature at specific intervals.
For more accurate results, a bomb calorimeter can be used; these contain a chamber of fuel (in this case, a compound that will release heat when needed) inside a chamber of water, with the water chamber protected by heat-proof walls (to ensure minimal heat loss, which would affect the final heat capacity recorded).
Sacred Band of Thebes

The Sacred Band of Thebes was an elite fighting unit within the ancient Theban army of the 4th century BC. The earliest surviving record of the Sacred Band by name was made in 324 BC. The unit was comprised of 150 male lovers. It was believed these men would make better warriors. Plutarch (46-120 AD) is the source of the most substantial surviving account of the Sacred Band. In his Life of Pelopidas Plutarch wrote, "Since the lovers, ashamed to be base in sight of their beloved, and the beloved before their lovers, willingly rush into danger for the relief of one another." The band was reportedly organized by the Theban commander Gorgidas in 378 BC. Male couples were originally dispersed throughout the ranks of the army. It was later decided to create a separate squad. The squad played a crucial role in the Battle of Leuctra. It was completely destroyed by Philip II of Macedon in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC.
Kirk Wise

Kirk Wise (born August 24, 1963) is an American animator, film director and screenwriter best known for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios.
Holi

Holi is one of the major festivals of Hindus. It is celebrated in South Asian countries, especially in India and Nepal. Hiranyanaksap wanted to kill his son, so he called his sister, Holika. She had a magic robe. This robe had the power to save the wearer from burning in fire. Hiranyakashyap ordered his sister to sit on a burning fire along with Prahlad. He thought that his sister would not be harmed by the fire of the magic robe and Prahlad would be burnt to death. But the result was the opposite of what the evil demon king planned.
Thus Prahlad came out of the burning fire safely and Holika was burnt to death. Holi is the festival of colours. It is celebrated with colors to mark the victory of virtue and goodness over evil.
The festival is celebrated for two days. The 2nd day, Rang Panchami marks the closing day of the Holi festival.
People are seen with different varieties of colors on Holi. They put colors on each other, sing, dance. They worship Lord Krishna and put colors on his idol.
Families gather together and Parvi the whole day...
Howard Cassady

Howard Albert "Hopalong" Cassady (March 2, 1934 - September 20, 2019) was a professional American football running back. He won the Heisman Trophy in 1955. He was added into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1979. He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons, seven of them for the Detroit Lions, with whom he won the 1957 NFL Championship Game. He briefly played for the Cleveland Browns and the Philadelphia Eagles.
Cassady was born in Columbus, Ohio. He studied at Ohio State University. Cassady died on September 20, 2019 at his home in Tampa, Florida at the age of 85.
Angora goat

The Angora goat () is a breed of domestic goat. It is named for Ankara, Turkey (before 1930, Angora). The Angora produces fine quality white or coloured mohair which is very similar to wool. Angoras were imported into Europe in 1554 by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. In 1765 they were imported into Spain and about 1785 they were introduced into France. None of these were able to set up a successful mohair production. But in 1838 Angoras were successfully introduced in South Africa. Today, the Union of South Africa is one of the world's top mohair producers. Angora goats are kept mostly for their output of mohair.
TMNT (movie)

TMNT is a computer-animated fantasy action movie. It was made in the United States and released in 2007. It is part of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (TMNT) series. The movie is the fourth in the original TMNT movie series. It was the first Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movie made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). It was also the first movie in the series in 14 years.
TMNT was written and directed by Kevin Munroe. It features the voices of Nolan North, James Arnold Taylor, Mikey Kelley, Mitchell Whitfield, Chris Evans, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Kevin Smith, Patrick Stewart, Zhang Ziyi and Laurence Fishburne (who is the narrator). The animation was created by Imagi Animation Studios. It was produced by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was the last movie that producer Mako Iwamatsu made before his death. It was also produced by Peter Laird, one of the two men who created the Turtles.
The story begins with the four Turtles (Raphael, Leonardo, Donatello, and Michelangelo) having grown apart after their final defeat of the Shredder. Strange things begin happening in New York City as ancient creatures threaten the world. The Turtles must reunite to save it.
TMNT premiered in cinemas on March 23, 2007. It was successful, making US$95 million around the world. It received both good and bad reviews from movie critics.
José Cláudio Lazzarotto

Jose Claudio Lazzarotto is a rower from Brazil. Lazzarotto competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He was born on 12 October 1958.
Ichikawa, Chiba

Ichikawa is a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshu. It is just to the east of Tokyo. There are a lot of schools and universities there. Ichikawa station is between Koiwa and Motoyawata Stations on the Chuo-Sobu Line.
Local attractions
Satomi-koen is a historic park in the city. It is near Konodai station. There are lots of flowers in this park. Many tourists visit here every year. Akedo kofun is an historic tomb in the park.
Education
Universities
Chiba University of Commerce
Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Wayo Women's University
Showagakuin Junior College
Sister cities
Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia, from November 4, 1989.
Gardena, California, USA from November 6, 1962
Leshan, People's Republic of China, from October 21, 1981
Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
Rosenheim, Germany, from July 14, 2004.
1144

Events
Louis VII surrenders to Pope Celestine II and so received a blessing from the pope
March 12 -- Pope Lucius II becomes Pope over Pope Celestine II as the 166th pope.
December 24 -- County of Edessa is beaten by Zengi (see Siege of Edessa).
Montauban, France, is started.
Normandy comes under Angevin control through Geoffrey of Anjou.
Giordano Pierleoni starts the revolutionary Commune of Rome.
Manuel I Comnenus brings Raymond, Prince of Antioch, under Byzantine influence.
The Priory in Lesmahagow is started by Benedictine monks.
Lauterpacht Centre for International Law

The Lauterpacht Centre for International Law (LCIL) at the Faculty of Law, Cambridge, England, was founded in 1985 by Sir Elihu Lauterpacht under the name The Research Centre for International Law. It was renamed in 1997 "to honour the achievements of his father Sir Hersch Lauterpacht and himself". The purpose of the centre is to "promote international law by a combination of individual and group research". The centre is currently directed by Professor James Crawford SC, FBA.
Fabrosaurus

Fabrosaurus was a small, early, plant-eating dinosaur that lived in Africa during the Lower Jurassic, roughly 199 to 189 million years ago (mya). Very little is known about Fabrosaurus since only a portion of a jaw has been found. Fabrosaurus is a dubious genus; it may be the same dinosaur as Lesothosaurus.
Arrondissement of Niort

The arrondissement of Niort is an arrondissement of France, in the Deux-Sevres department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Niort.
History
When the Deux-Sevres department was created on 1790, Niort was one of the original districts.
Geography
Niort is the southernmost arrondissement of the department. It is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Parthenay, to the east by the Vienne department, to the south by the Charente-Maritime department and to the west by the Vendee department.
It has an area of , and a population of 212,425 inhabitants for a density of inhabitants/km2.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
Dean Spielmann

Dean Spielmann (born 26 October 1962) is a lawyer from Luxembourg. He is the President of the European Court of Human Rights. He has been a Judge of the European Court of Human Rights from Luxembourg since 2004. He was made President of the Fifth Section of the Court in 2011. He was made vice-president and then later president in 2012.
Orochimaru (Naruto)

Orochimaru is a fictional character of the manga Naruto. He is one of the greatest villain of the story, as well as a very powerful and dangerous ninja. He was formerly a ninja of Konoha, but defected 10 years before the beginning of the story, because his research about a technique which could allow Orochimaru to become immortal was discovered by Konoha officials and the Third Hokage. He then created his own village, Otogakure, and vowed to destroy his former home. When he was a ninja of Konoha, he was the most brilliant pupil of the Third Hokage, the leader of the village, and was considered to be one of the most powerful ninja of the entire village. The Third Hokage even wanted Orochimaru to succeed him as the Fourth Hokage but the title was later given to Minato Namikaze, Naruto's father and Jiraiya's pupil.
In the first part of the series, Orochimaru tried to destroy his former home, invading it with an army of ninja, and killed his former master, but failed to destroy completely the village. He later took Sasuke Uchiha as his apprentice, but was betrayed by him after training him during two and a half years. Sasuke attacked Orochimaru when he was close to death, but Sasuke could not kill him and absorbed him in his body instead.
During the fight between Sasuke and his brother Itachi, Orochimaru was able to come out of Sasuke's body, but was quickly defeated by Itachi, who imprisoned him in a eternal illusion. Orochimaru was later reincarnated by Sasuke Uchiha in order to revive the first 4 Hokage. Orochimaru later participated in the Fourth Shinobi World War against Madara Uchiha and Obito Uchiha. Orochimaru had a son named Mitsuki who is the same age as Boruto Uzumaki, the son of Naruto Uzumaki and Hinata Hyuga. Mitsuki the son of ordinary is part of the new team 7 sarda boruto mitsuki
The Uzamaki Clan was later reformed to the Senjuists.
Guia Fortress

The Guia Fortress (; ) is a 17th-century colonial fort, chapel, and lighthouse in Sao Lazaro, Macau. The lighthouse is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Historic Centre of Macau.
Dhanusha 3 (constituency)

Dhanusha 3 () is one of four parliamentary constituencies of Dhanusha District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.
Lupang Hinirang

"Lupang Hinirang" (Baybayin: , ; "Chosen Land"), originally known in Spanish as "Marcha Nacional Filipina", is the national anthem of the Philippines. Its music was composed by Julian Felipe in 1898, and the lyrics (words) were adapted from the Spanish poem Filipinas, which was written by Filipino soldier Jose Palma y Velasquez a year later. This song was first adopted as the anthem of the First Philippine Republic in 1898, but without words. By the 1940s, the original Spanish lyrics were translated into Filipino (a variety of Tagalog). The Filipino lyrics became official in 1958 and was revised in 1963, then it became embedded in law in 1998.
Lyrics
Official lyrics in Filipino
The Filipino version was translated by Felipe Padilla de Leon in 1958, and was revised in 1963.
Original Spanish version
Penned by Jose Palma in 1899.
Tierra adorada
Hija del sol de Oriente,
Su fuego ardiente
En ti latiendo esta.
Patria de amores!
Del heroismo cuna,
Los invasores
No te hallaran jamas.
En tu azul cielo, en tus auras,
En tus montes y en tu mar
Esplende y late el poema
De tu amada libertad.
Tu pabellon, que en las lides
La victoria ilumino,
No vera nunca apagados
Sus estrellas y su sol.
Tierra de dichas, del sol y amores,
En tu regazo dulce es vivir.
Es una gloria para tus hijos,
Cuando te ofenden, por ti morir.
Official Commonwealth English version
This version was translated in 1938 by Camilo Osias et al.
Land of the morning
Child of the sun returning
With fervor burning
Thee do our souls adore.
Land dear and holy
Cradle of noble heroes
Ne'er shall invaders
Trample thy sacred shores.
Ever within thy skies and through thy clouds
And o'er thy hills and seas
Do we behold the radiance feel the jownel
Of glorious liberty.
Thy banner dear to all our hearts
Its sun and stars alight
Oh, never shall its shining fields
Be dimmed by tyrants might!
Beautiful land of love, o land of light
In thine embrace 'tis rapture to lie
But it is glory ever, when thou art wronged
For us thy sons to suffer and die.
Translations into local languages
For the sake of space, only the first two verses in each language are shown.
Thor: Love and Thunder

Thor: Love and Thunder is a 2022 fantasy superhero film directed by Taika Watiti starring Chris Hemsworth, Christian Bale, and Natalie Portman. It is the fourth movie of the movie series featuring the Marvel Comics character Thor, and follows up 2017 film Thor: Ragnarok, also directed by Watiti.
Questlove

Ahmir Khalib Thompson (born January 20, 1971), known professionally as Questlove (stylized as ?uestlove), is an American musician and music journalist. He is the drummer and one of the frontperson for the hip hop band, the Roots. The Roots is the in-house band for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon since February 17, 2014.
Questlove is also one of the producers of the cast album of the Broadway musical Hamilton. He is the co-founder of the websites Okayplayer and OkayAfrica.
He is an instructor at the Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music at New York University.
United Counties of Prescott and Russell

The United Counties of Prescott and Russell are two consolidated counties in Ontario, Canada. The county seat is L'Orignal. It was created by a merger between Russell County and Prescott County in 1820. It is in Eastern Ontario.
The county covers an area of . The Alfred Bog is in the county. Many species of birds, plants, and butterflies live in the bog. According to the Canada 2011 Census, Prescott and Russell has a population of 85,381 people. Many Franco-Ontarian people live in Prescott and Russell. Two thirds of the people speak French as their first language.
Winnfield, Louisiana

Winnfield is the parish seat of Winn Parish, Louisiana, United States. it is the most populous municipality in Winn Parish.
Valparaíso

Valparaiso is a city in Chile, in the central coast del Litoral Central. It's also the capital of the province and region, and the legislative capital of the country. The city is part of the Greater Valparaiso conurbation.
The Chilean House of Representatives, the Command in Chief of the Chilean Army, the Fishing Undersecretary, the Fishing National Service, amidst other organizations, are in this city. The historical part of the city was declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO, in 2003.
Kashima, Ibaraki

is a port city on the Pacific coast of Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan.
History
An urban area developed around Kashima Shrine (Kashima-jinga).
It prospered as a temple town in Kashima temple which is Kuniichi Hitachi Miya.
After World War II, the economy of the region around the port city grew larger.
The Kajima seaside industrial zone centering on the Kashima harbor is formed.
Kashima city is an industrial city centering on a steel company.
Timeline
1970 Kashima Line started business.
1985 Kashima-Rinkai Railway Oarai Kashima Line started business.
1993 Kashima Soccer Stadium was built.
1995 Kajima town became Kajima City.
2002 The World Cup was held in the Kajima stadium.
Sports
The Kashima Antlers is an association football team in Kashima. It is utilizing soccer for town revitalization mainly by the Antlers.