Saône-et-Loire

Saone-et-Loire is a department in the centre of France. It is in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region. It is named after the two main rivers in the department: the Saone and the Loire rivers.
The largest city in the department is Chalon-sur-Saone. The prefecture (capital) is the smaller city of Macon.
History
Saone-et-Loire is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Macon as its capital. It was formed from combined parts of the old provinces of southern Burgundy and Bresse, uniting lands which have no true geographical unity.
It was divided in seven districts: Autun, Bourbon-Lancy, Chalon-sur-Saone, Charolles, Louhans, Macon and Semur-en-Brionnais. That same year, the name of the district Semur-en-Brionnais was changed to Marcigny.
In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the seven districts were changed into five arrondissements: Macon, Autun, Chalon-sur-Saone, Charolles and Louhans.
After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Austrian army from June 1815 to November 1818.
On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Louhans was eliminated but in 1942 it became again an arrondissement of the department.
Geography
Saone-et-Loire is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region. It has an area of ; the seventh largest department of France.
The department borders with 7 other departments in two regions:
Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region
Cote-d'Or (north)
Nievre (nortwest)
Jura (east)
Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region
Ain (southeast)
Rhone (south)
Loire (southwest)
Allier (west)
There are five natural regions in the department:
Autunois, to the northwest; it is the region around Autun.
Charolais, to the southwest and around the commune of Charolles.
Chalonnais, to the north with Chalon-sur-Saone as the main city.
Maconnais, to the south and around the commune of Macon.
Bresse, to the east of the Saone river with Louhans as the main city.
The main rivers in the department are the Loire, that makes most of the western border of the department and that flows to the north, into the Atlantic Ocean; and the Saone, in the eastern part of the department and that flows to the south and joins the Rhone river at Lyon.
Climate
The Koppen climate classification type for the climate at Charnay-les-Macon is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype Cfb.
The average temperature for the year in Charnay-les-Macon, to the west of Macon and where is the local airport, is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month, on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Charnay-les-Macon is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is August with an average of .
Administration
Saone-et-Loire is managed by the Departmental Council of Saone-et-Loire in Macon. The department is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region.
Administrative divisions
There are 5 arrondissements (districts), 29 cantons and 567 communes (municipalities) in Saone-et-Loire.
The following is a list of the 29 cantons of the Saone-et-Loire department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Autun-1 (7101)
Autun-2 (7102)
Blanzy (7103)
Chagny (7104)
Chalon-sur-Saone-1 (7105)
Chalon-sur-Saone-2 (7106)
Chalon-sur-Saone-3 (7107)
La Chapelle-de-Guinchay (7108)
Charolles (7109)
Chauffailles (7110)
Cluny (7111)
Le Creusot-1 (7112)
Le Creusot-2 (7113)
Cuiseaux(7114)
Digoin (7115)
Gergy (7116)
Givry (7117)
Gueugnon (7118)
Hurigny (7119)
Louhans (7120)
Macon-1 (7121)
Macon-2 (7122)
Montceau-les-Mines (7123)
Ouroux-sur-Saone (7124)
Paray-le-Monial (7125)
Pierre-de-Bresse (7126)
Saint-Remy (7127)
Saint-Vallier (7128)
Tournus (7129)
Demographics
The inhabitants of Saone-et-Loire are known, in French, as Saone-et-Loiriens (women: Saone-et-Loiriennes).
Saone-et-Loire had a population, in 2014, of 555,788, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Chalon-sur-Saone, with 200,084 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.