kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Senegambia

Senegambia was a region of West Africa occupying the area of present day Senegal and Gambia. The 20th century
Senegambia Confederation, was a loose confederation between Senegal and Gambia. The term Senegambia was used by the British as early as 1765. They used it to refer to their settlements on the islands off the coast of present day Senegal. The modern use of the term Senegambia means the region that includes both Senegal and Gambia.
Senegambian history
There is little known about the early history of the area. By about 1000 AD the Soninke, Mandinka and Fula peoples had formed settlements along the Gambia River. The Toucouleur people were settled in east and central Senegal. Kingdoms such as the Jolof and the Sere settled in the area north of the Gambia River. The first Europeans, Portuguese sailors, arrived about 1455. Portugal controlled the area between the Senegal and Gambia Rivers until the British, Dutch and French moved into the area. They traded goods such as salt, iron, guns and gunpowder for gold, ivory, ebony and slaves.
Senegambia and the Middle Passage
About 24% of the African slaves brought to America, were from Senegambia. The Africans from Senegambia were found nearly everywhere in the United States before the American Civil War, both in the North and South.Senegambia was strongly Muslim. This means that many African slaves in the US had been exposed to Islam much more than the rest of the Americas.
Because of the need for field workers up to two-thirds of Africans taken captive were men. In the Senegambia region due to the high demand by buyers, men and boys were taken from all over the region. Women, however, being in less demand, were taken from the easily accessed coastal areas. Most of them belonged to the Jolof people and so, unlike the men, they had a common language. Due to the fear of slaves revolting, men were kept below decks and in chains. Women were usually kept on deck and were sometimes allowed to move around. Some historians say that it was the women who organized many of the slave uprisings at sea.
José Javier Curto Gines

Jose Javier Curto Gines (born December 31, 1964 in Madrid) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the one person BC2 boccia game.
Keita Kanemoto

Keita Kanemoto (born 13 July 1977) is a former Japanese football player.
Joachim Messing

Joachim Wilhelm "Jo" Messing (September 10, 1946 - September 13, 2019) was a German-American biologist. He was a professor of molecular biology and the fourth director of the Waksman Institute of Microbiology at Rutgers University.
Messing died at his home in Somerset, New Jersey on September 13, 2019, three days after his 73rd birthday.
Deuce (wrestler)

James William Reiher, Jr., (born September 1, 1971) better known as Jimmy Snuka, Jr., is an American professional wrestler and the son of professional wrestler "Superfly" Jimmy Snuka. He is probably best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Entertainment where he worked on its Raw brand under the ring name Deuce. He is a former WWE Tag Team Champion with his former partner Domino.
San Diego City Council

The San Diego City Council is the legislative branch of government in San Diego, California. The council has a Strong-mayor system. The council was made in 1850. There are nine members of the council. City council members serve a four-year term and can only have two back to back terms.
The make up of the council is five Democratic Party members and four Republican Party members.
Council members earn $75,386 a year. The Salary Setting Commission wanted to make their salaries $175,000 instead, but the city council all decided to vote against it.
Duties
The members of the council have the power to introduce and pass laws. They also vote on new laws presented to them. For a law to pass, the council must have at least five votes for the law. The mayor, executive branch, can veto laws. The council can remove his veto with at least six members voting against the veto.
Mudguard

A mudguard, fender or wing is a part covering the wheels of a vehicle to stop it from throwing off mud, water or objects from the road. It protects people and property from dirtiness, dampness, and damage.
Mudguards protect in several ways:
They protect brakes and lights.
They protect the bicycle from getting rusted by mud and water.
They protect clothes from being dirty.
They protect from injuries.
Rishton Ka Chakravyuh

Rishton Ka Chakravyuh (English: Labyrinth of relationship) was an Indian television drama series that airs on Star Plus.The Show went Off Air on 23 January 2018 and it got replaced by a political show Har Shaakh Pe Ullu Baithaa Hai.
Scottish Football League First Division

The Irn-Bru Scottish Football League First Division (or Scottish First Division) is a professional football competition in Scotland. It is found on the second level of the Scottish football system, below the Scottish Premier League. It is the top level of the Scottish Football League.
Promotion and relegation
The club who wins the Scottish First Division is promoted to the Scottish Premier League (SPL), if they meet stadium criteria. They must have at least 6,000 seats in their stadium. The team who finishes last in the SPL is relegated to the Scottish First Division.
The bottom club in the First Division is relegated to the Second Division. While the second bottom club goes to a play-off with the second, third and fourth placed clubs from the Second Division.
The teams play each other four times with three points for a victory and one point each for a drawn game.
Sponsorship
On July 20, 2007, it was announced that the Scottish Football League would be sponsored by Scottish soft drink company Irn-Bru for the next three seasons.
Teams
The following is a list of the managers for the 2011-12 season in the Scottish First Division.
Dan Lipinski

Daniel William Lipinski (born July 15, 1966) was the U.S. Representative for , from 2005 to 2021. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
The district includes much of the southwest side of Chicago, along with several nearby suburbs. Lipinski is a member of the Blue Dog Coalition and is known as one of the more conservative Congressional Democrats.
He is the son of former congressman Bill Lipinski.
He was defeated in the Democratic primary in 2020 for re-election by progressive, pro-choice challenger Marie Newman.
Val-du-Maine

Val-du-Maine is a commune of 929 people (2017). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Ballee (the seat) and Epineux-le-Seguin.
Vergennes, Vermont

Vergennes is a city in Addison County, Vermont, United States.
The Tokens

The Tokens were an American male doo-wop-style vocal group and record production company group from Brooklyn, New York. They are known best for their 1961 single "The Lion Sleeps Tonight".
Per mille

A per mille is a sign which means parts per thousand. Per mil should not be confused with parts per million (ppm).
It is written %0, which looks like a percent sign (%) with an extra zero in the divisor.
Isocrates

Isocrates (; ; 436-338 BC) was an ancient Greek teacher of rhetoric and was one of the ten . He was one of the leading Greek rhetorical speakers of his time and contributed to rhetoric and education through his teaching and written works.
Some people say , a pupil of , was the teacher of Isocrates. Within two generations, rhetoric had become an important art, its growth driven by social and political changes such as democracy and courts of law. Isocrates starved himself to death, two years before his 100th birthday.
Ibrahim Touré

Ibrahim Oyala Toure (27 September 1985 - 19 June 2014) was an Ivorian footballer. He played as a striker for Al-Safa' SC, Telephonat Beni Suef SC, Misr El-Makasa SC, Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo, O.G.C. Nice, Metalurh Donetsk and ASEC Mimosas.
Toure was born in Bouake. He was the younger brother of defender Kolo Toure (born 1981) and midfielder Yaya Toure (born 1983).
Toure died of cancer on 19 June 2014 in Manchester, England. He was 28. At the time of his death, his older brothers, Kolo and Yaya, were playing for their country at the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.
Keian

was a after Shoho and before Joo. This period started in February 1648 and ended in September 1652. During this time, the emperor was .
Events of the Keian era
1648 (Keian 1): Legal code about city life and business are established in Osaka
1649 (Keian 2): Five-storied pagoda at was built in Asakusa.
1649 (Keian 2): Legal code for peasants established by Tokugawa Iemitsu.
1 April 1649 (Keian 2, 20th day of the 2nd month): There was a major earthquake in Edo.
1651 (Keian 4): Plot to overthrow the Tokugawa, also known as the Keian Uprising.
1652 (Keian 5, 5th month): Nihon Odai Ichiran was published. The French version of this work was the first Japanese history book to be published in the West.
Related pages
Edo period
Daniel Defert

Daniel Defert (born 10 September 1937 died 7 February 2023) is a French sociologist and HIV/AIDS activist. He was a partner to academic Michel Foucault. Defert co-founded France's first AIDS advocacy group, AIDES, after Foucault's death from the disease.
Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da

"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" is a 1968 song by The Beatles and taken from their ninth studio album The Beatles. It went to number 1 in Australia, Austria, Germany, Japan, New Zealand and Switzerland. It went to number 27 in Canada and number 49 in the United States in 1976.
Frank Potenza

Francis "Frank" Potenza (born November 11, 1933 - August 23, 2011) was an American retired New York City police officer and former security guard. He later became a television actor and comic relief for Jimmy Kimmel Live!. He appeared as "Uncle Frank" on the show from 2003 to 2011.
George Radwanski

George Radwanski (February 28, 1947 - September 18, 2014) was a Canadian public servant, policy adviser, journalist and author. In his journalism career, Radwanski won two National Newspaper Awards for editorial writing.
In 1971, he published No Mandate But Terror with Kendal Windeyer, an account of the October Crisis. In 1978, he published Trudeau, a best-selling political biography of then-Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau.
Radwanski died of a heart attack on September 18, 2014 in Montreal, Quebec, aged 67.
Mysterious Island (1961 movie)

Mysterious Island is a 1961 movie. It was released by Morningside Productions through Columbia Pictures. The movie was based on the book The Mysterious Island by Jules Verne. The movie was produced by Charles H. Schneer and Ray Harryhausen. It was directed by Cy Endfield. The movie was filmed at Shepperton Studios, Shepperton, England as a showcase for Harryhausen's stop-motion animation effects. The music was composed by Bernard Herrmann. The movie stars Michael Craig as Captain Harding; Joan Greenwood as Lady Mary Fairchild; and Herbert Lom as Captain Nemo.
Story
Union soldiers escape in a hot air balloon from a Confederate prison camp during the American Civil War. They crash-land in the ocean. They are washed ashore on an unknown island where gigantic animals live. The animals are the result of experiments by Captain Nemo. He is an unknown benefactor to the castaways as they struggle to survive on the island. A volcano threatens to erupt. The stranded group escapes from the island on a pirate ship. The volcano destroys the island. The animated "monsters" that the castaways encounter are a giant crab, a giant flightless bird, giant bees, and a giant cephalopod.
Giuseppe Bisi

Giuseppe Bisi (Genoa, April 10, 1787 - Varese, October 28, 1869) was an Italian painter.
Biography
Son of the painter and modeler Tommaso Bisi (Genoa 1758 - Milan 2 December 1826). Essentially a painter landscape painting, Giuseppe Bisi outlined his own pictorial way in which nature is simply observed in his everyday life, despite the time, in which the artist lived his artistic youth, evoked atmospheres more markedly Romanticism.
In 1829 he made a study trip to Rome which gave him the starting point for subjects of the Lazio landscape.
Back in Milan he consolidated his fame and success there. In 1838 he obtained the chair of landscape painting, which had just been established at the Accademia di Brera.
Brother of Michele Bisi, he was the husband of the artist Ernesta Legnani, whom he had married in 1811 with whom he had nine daughters. His daughters Raffaela, Antonietta and Fulvia Bisi, and his nephew Luigi Bisi were also painters.
Ordnance Survey National Grid

The Ordnance Survey National Grid is a system used to map Great Britain. It is different from using latitude and longitude. The Ordnance Survey (OS) created the system. It is used a lot in their survey data. It is also used in maps based on those surveys.
The system divides the map into squares. Each square is labelled with two letters. The first letter refers to squares that are 500 km by 500 km. Those squares are outlined in dark grey on the map to the right. Only four of these have a lot of land area in Great Britain: S, T, N and H. The O square contains a tiny area of North Yorkshire. Normally most of this area is submerged at high tide.
For the second letter, each 500 km square is divided into 25 squares that are 100 km by 100 km. Each of those has a letter code from A to Z. (The letter I is not used.) The letters start with A in the northwest corner and go to Z in the southeast corner. These squares are outlined in light grey on the map. The ones that have land have letters shown.
The system can also be used to give the location of a smaller area inside a lettered square. This is done by giving the distance east and north from the southwest corner of the square. For example, NH0325 (or NH 03 25) means a one-kilometre square whose southwest corner is 3 km east and 25 km north from the southwest corner of square NH. The system can also specify areas smaller than one kilometre. For example, the grid reference of the 100-metre square containing the summit of Ben Nevis is .
Jlloyd Samuel

Jlloyd Tafari Samuel ( , 29 March 1981 - 15 May 2018) was a professional footballer. He played as a defender and midfielder. He played two full international matches for Trinidad and Tobago in 2009.
Samuel played as a youth for the renowned London junior team Senrab and was in the academies of West Ham United and Charlton Athletic before joining Aston Villa in 1998.
Samuel was killed in a car crash on 15 May 2018 in Cheshire, England at the age of 37.
Hurricane Frederic

Hurricane Frederic the sixth named storm of the 1979 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the third hurricane and the second major hurricane of that season. At the time, Hurricane Frederic was the costliest hurricane to hit the United States. This record was beaten in 1989, when Hurricane Hugo caused about $14 billion in damage. Many storms have beaten the record since, Frederic has fallen to about the seventeenth costliest U.S. hurricane. Frederic caused 14 deaths and $2.3 billion in damage.
Retirement
In the Spring of 1980 the name "Frederic" was retired because of the damage. Frederic was only the second male hurricane name to get its name retired. In 1985 Fabian was used instead.
Operation Rolling Thunder

Operation Rolling Thunder happened when the USA started bombing campaigns of North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
WWE Women's Tag Team Championship

The WWE Women's Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling title and it is owned by WWE. It is the only title of WWE's second brand extension that was made for both of WWE's weekly TV shows, Raw and SmackDown Live. The first and only champions are a team called The Boss 'N' Hug Connection (whose members are Bayley and Sasha Banks) and they won the championship at Elimination Chamber (2019) in February 2019. It is separate from the WWF Women's Tag Team Championship.
History
On the December 24, 2018 episode of Raw, WWE Chairman Vince McMahon said that there would be a new Women's Tag Team Championship in 2019. On the January 14, 2019 episode of Raw, Alexa Bliss showed what the championship belts look like on her show "A Moment of Bliss". Then, Bliss said that the winner of a tag team elimination chamber match that would have three teams from Raw and three teams from SmackDown would be the first WWE Women's Tag Team Champions. The Boss 'N' Hug Connection (Bayley and Sasha Banks) from Raw became the first champions by beating Nia Jax and Tamina, and The Riott Squad (Liv Morgan and Sarah Logan) from Raw and Carmella and Naomi, Mandy Rose and Sonya Deville, and the IIconics (Peyton Royce and Billie Kay) from SmackDown.
Kherimurat

Kherimurat is a mountain range in district Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. It is long. Its highest point is Tilla Kherimurat at high.
Tal Ben Haim

Tal Ben Haim (; born 31 March 1982) is an Israeli football player. He most recently played for Beitar Jerusalem and Israel national team.
Maggia (municipality)

Maggia is a municipality of the district Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
History
The actual municipality was created in 2004 on April 27 by merger of the former municipalities of Aurigeno, Coglio, Giumaglio, Lodano, Maggia, Moghegno and Someo.
Hanna Maron

Hanna Maron (; 22 November 1923 - 30 May 2014) was an Israeli actress and stage actress. Maron was known for her stage roles in Pygmalion, The Glass Menagerie and Hello, Dolly!, as well as several plays by Nathan Alterman.
Hanna (Meierzak) Maron was born in Berlin, Germany, and moved to Mandatory Palestine in 1933 after Hitler came to power.
Tunku Abdul Rahman

Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah (Jawi: twnkw `bd lrHmn vwtr lHj bn slTn `bd lHmyd Hlym shh ; , 8 February 1903 - 6 December 1990) was a Malaysian politician. He was the first Chief Minister of the Malaysia from 1955 to 1957, before becoming the country's first Prime Minister after independence in 1957. He resigned in 1970.
Tartus Governorate

Tartus Governorate ( ) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. Its capital is Tartus.
Alappad

Alappad is a coastal village in the Kollam district, Kerala, India. It is small land between the Arabian Sea and the TS Canal.
Administration
Alappad village is a ward of the Alappad panchayat consists of various wards/places such as Srayikkadu, Azheekkal, Kuzhithura, Parayakadavu, Cheriazheekkal, Pandarathuruthu.
2004 tsunami
Portions of the village were damaged during the 2004 tsunami. Many people died. After the tragedy, the state government realized the need for more bridges, and constructed one bridge at northern Azheekal, and another one at Cheriyazhekkal.
Demographics - 2011 census data
Temples act as places of worship, and temple committees play a crucial role in temple administration and festivals which play important role in social life.
Celebrities
Mata Amritanandamayi, renowned Hindu Sanyasin, spiritual leader and philanthropist was born in Parayakadavu. Mata Amritanandamayi Math is in Parayakadavu.
Bijnor district

Bijnour () is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Curlew

The curlew is Numenius, a bird with a long downcurved bill (beak). With its beak the bird probes mudflats for food.
In pre-modern times the world had many more mudflats than it does today. Many have been eliminated by draining so as to give more land for farming. So, in England, the places suitable for the bird were in river estuaries and low-lying land. Originally, southern England had wide areas of mudflats suitable for the bird.
What changed was the draining of the "levels" to make for better farming. In England areas in East Anglia, Kent and Somerset were all drained and made productive farmland. A similar process happened in many countries. The consequence is that the curlews' numbers have dropped and the bird has become rare in places where it was once common.
Broadly speaking, curlews are waders, as are the godwits which look similar but have straight bills.
Most curlews migrate and so one or more species occur at different times of the year in Europe, Ireland, Britain, Iberia, Iceland, Africa, Southeast Asia, Siberia, North America, South America and Australasia. There are nine species of curlew.
Eduardo Malaquina

Eduardo Malaquina (1936 - 9 April 2021) was an Uruguayan politician. He was a Senator from 2011 until 2015. He was also Mayor of Salto from 1985 until 1990 and again from 1995 until 2005.
Malaquina died on 9 April 2021 in Salto, aged 84.
Mother Angelica

Mother Mary Angelica of the Annunciation (Rita Antoinette Rizzo; April 20, 1923 - March 27, 2016) was an American Catholic nun. She created the Eternal Word Television Network (ETWN). It is a very popular television channel for Catholics.
Mother Angelica died on March 27, 2016, Easter Sunday, from complications of a stroke at her home in Hanceville, Alabama, aged 92.
I Am Twenty

I Am Twenty () is a 1965 Soviet drama movie directed by Marlen Khutsiev. It stars Valentin Popov, Nikolay Gubenko, and Stanislav Lyubshin.
Caux, Switzerland

Caux is a small village in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is part of the municipality of Montreux.
Joe Bryant

Joseph Washington "Jellybean" Bryant (born October 19, 1954) is an American retired professional basketball player, current coach, and the father of the former Los Angeles Lakers guard Kobe Bryant.
Bryant was the head coach of the WNBA's Los Angeles Sparks from August 22, 2005, until April 4, 2007. He returned to that position for the remainder of the 2011 WNBA season after Jennifer Gillom was fired by the Los Angeles Sparks on July 10, 2011.
Bryant has also coached in Italy, Japan and Thailand.
Winnie Couture

Winnie Couture is a California-based fashion clothing and apparel brand, established in 2001. Winnie Couture designs a broad range of luxury attires and is internationally distributed through its portfolio of retail stores.This brand is said to be one of the fastest growing bridal collections across the USA.
History
Winnie Couture was established in 2001 by husband and wife, Chris Lee and Winnie Chlomin Lee. With its headquarters in Beverly Hills, Winnie Couture has subsidiaries in Dallas(Texas), Atlanta(Georgia), and Charlotte(North Carolina) in the USA. In 2016, this luxury bridal brand opened its first Asian flagship store at Staunton Street, Hong Kong.
Overview
Wedding gowns from Winnie Couture, are known for their exquisite beadwork and embroidery details and matching veils. The designs are largely said to be a blend of the modern translation of vintage fashion and royal embellishments.
In 2006, Winnie Couture introduced its Destination Collection, and in 2008, Winnie Chlomin Diamond Label Collection was introduced. Avant Mariee Collection was introduced on 2009.
Recognition
Winnie Couture is featured in publications such as, Modern Brides, The Knot, InStyle Weddings, Brides, and Modern Luxury.
The brand is said to be well-known in Hollywood, having dressed the celebritieslike Jennifer Aniston, Lea Michele, Kelly Clarkson, Scarlett Johansson, Giuliana Rancic and Helen Hunt.
Doix

Doix is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France. On 1 January 2016, it became a part of the new commune of Doix-les-Fontaines.
Chris Pontius

Christopher Andrew "Chris" Pontius (born July 16, 1974) is an American television personality and daredevil and actor. He is one of the crew members for Jackass and for all of its movies. Pontius was born on July 16, 1974 in Pasadena, California. He is married to Claire Nolan.
Fusome

Fusome is a term from microbiology that describes a way different cells communicate with each other. Fusomes are simple openings, or pores, in the walls of certain types of cells. These allow certain chemical compounds to pass through.
Receiver

In communication a receiver is used for the reception of message or data signals.
A receiver can be of any type such as rhombic,yagiuda, parabolic etc.
It is a device that is designed to receive the signals which are in the form of both electric and electromagnetic form.
Receiver is simply a transducer that is a energy converter which converts received electromagnetic signals into electrical signals.
Yuri Saukh

Yuri Vasilyevich Saukh () (September 14, 1951 - January 2, 2021) was a Soviet football player and Russian coach and manager. He played for the Soviet Union national football team in 1976.
His playing career lasted from 1970 to 1981. He played for Rotor Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, CSKA Moscow, Lokomotiv Moscow and Dynamo Stavropol.
His managing career lasted from 2003 to 2007 where he managed for Reutov and Luch-Energiya Vladivostok.
Saukh died on January 2, 2021 at the age of 69.
David Guetta

Pierre David Guetta (; born 7 November 1967) is a French music producer, singer and DJ of Jewish descent. He originally was a DJ at nightclubs during the 1980s and 1990s. He later co-founded Gum Productions and published his first album, Just a Little More Love, in 2001. Later, he published Guetta Blaster (2004) and Pop Life (2007). His 2009 dance-pop album One Love included the hit singles "When Love Takes Over" (featuring Kelly Rowland), "Gettin' Over You" (featuring Chris Willis, Fergie & LMFAO) and "Sexy Bitch" (featuring Akon). The latter became a top five hit in the US and all three reached number 1 in the UK. He has worked with many R&B, pop and hip hop artists including Akon, Chris Willis, Kelly Rowland, Lil' Wayne, Kelis, Madonna, Kid Cudi, Estelle, Fergie, Amy Palmer, K'naan, will.i.am, LMFAO, Dane Bowers, Flo Rida, Shakira, Julie Mcknight and apl.de.ap.
Closed system

A closed system is a thermodynamic system without exchange of matter but exchange of heat.
Fotherby

Fotherby is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 437 people living in Fotherby.
Jamestown, Virginia

Jamestown is a town in the United States. It was founded on May 13, 1607, by about 100 men and boys and women who came to Virginia from London, England. They named the town Jamestown after King James. These men hoped to find gold and silver in order to become rich. There was no gold or silver in the land because of it's geography, which they did not understand at the time. However, they did find out that they could make lots of money from growing and selling tobacco crops, due to the marshy soil. Soon, they were making their fortune from tobacco instead of gold. Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in what would become the United States. The town was built on Jamestown Island along the James River. This location was selected because the local Native American tribes did not live on the island. Built on a peninsula, it was a good place to defend themselves from other European colonists.
Background
Before Jamestown, fourteen colonies had been attempted in North America by Spain, France and England. Out of these, only two Spanish colonies survived making Jamestown the third European colony that succeeded for any period of time. The first colony attempted by Spain was in 1526 at San Miguel de Gualdape. Very little was known of it, including that its location was somewhere on the coast of present-day Georgia or South Carolina.
In 1562, Jean Ribaut established a colony of French Huguenots called Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina. He left about 27 men there while he returned to France. Meanwhile, the men of the colony revolted against their commander. They built a boat and attempted to return to France.
The English attempted to establish Roanoke Colony in 1587. But this was a failure. James I of England issued a charter in 1606 to set up a settlement in North America. At the time the English called the entire coast (above Florida) Virginia after Elizabeth I of England, the "virgin queen". One of the purposes of the new colony were to find a river route to the Pacific Ocean to establish trade with the Orient.
Three ships, the Susan Constant, the Godspeed and the Discovery set sail from London on December 20, 1606 bound for Virginia. Onboard there were 106 settlers (4 were boys) and 39 crew members. However, it is not known how many may have died during the Voyage. They arrived on April 26, 1607.
The Settlement
The first day, between 20 and 30 men explored the site but then they came under attack by Indians at dusk. The people of Jamestown found there were many problems to their colony. The water was bad for drinking. Many insects lived around the swampy land. The insects gave the people who lived there diseases. The leader, Captain John Smith, made the rules for the men. One of the rules was, "You don't work, you don't eat." The settlers traded with the Powhatan people. They gave the Powhatans tools, pots, and knives, in return for corn and vegetables.
Two thirds died before another ship arrived from England in 1608 with more food and more settlers. During the harsh winter of 1609, most of the settlers starved to death and the survivors resorted to cannibalism.
Sanriku

is a region of Japan. It is on the northeastern side of the island of Honshu. Sanriku combines the area of Aomori, Iwate and parts of Miyagi Prefecture. It was sometimes called .
Sanriku has an irregular coastline with 36 small bays. Each bay focuses impact power of ocean waves. This was shown by the damage caused by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami.
History
In 1869, the provinces of Mutsu and Dewa were divided.
Mutsu was split into new five provinces: Rikuoku, Rikuchu, Rikuzen, Iwashiro and Iwaki. The first three of these collectively known as the "Three Riku", or Sanriku.
The new provinces were abolished in July 1871; however, the regional name is still in use as the Sanriku Coast from Aomori to the Oshika Peninsula in Miyagi.
Canobbio

Canobbio is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland
It is not to be confused with Cannobio in nearby Italy.
Anand Mohan Zutshi Gulzar Dehlvi

Anand Mohan Zutshi Gulzar Dehlavi (Urdu: ; ) (7 July 1926 - 12 June 2020) was an Indian poet, scholar, and journalist. He was honored by Vice President Mohammad Hamid Ansari on his 91st birthday for his works towards Urdu Poetry. He was an editor of the first Urdu science magazine named Science Ki Dunya. He was born in New Delhi. He taught at the University of Delhi for forty years.
Gulzar Dehlvi died on 12 June 2020 in New Delhi from problems caused by COVID-19, aged 93.
Raisin

Raisins are dried grapes. They have a lot of sugar.
Ashland, Massachusetts

Ashland is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.
Constituencies for French residents overseas

The constituencies for French residents overseas () are 11 constituencies of the French National Assembly that are overseas. They represent French people living overseas.
Chaim Dov Keller

Chaim Dov Keller (1930August 17, 2020) was an American Haredi rabbi,
Talmudic scholar, and journalist. He was the co-founder and co-rosh yeshiva ("dean") of the Telshe Yeshiva in Chicago. He wrote in Haredi newspapers such as the Yated Ne'eman in the United States. He was born in New York City.
Keller was diagnosed with COVID-19 in March 2020. He died on August 17, 2020 in Chicago, aged 90.
James Madison Sr.

Col. James Madison Sr. (March 27, 1723 - February 27, 1801) was a prominent Virginia planter and politician. He was a colonel in the militia during the American Revolutionary War. He inherited Mount Pleasant, later known as Montpelier, a large tobacco plantation in Orange County, Virginia and, with the acquisition of more property, had 5,000 acres and became the largest landowner in the county. He was the father of James Madison, 4th President of the United States, who inherited what he called Montpelier, and Lieutenant General William Taylor Madison, and grandfather of Confederate Brigadier General James Edwin Slaughter.
Biography
Col. James Madison Sr. was the son of planter and politician Ambrose Madison and his wife Frances Taylor, and was born in 1723 in Orange County, Virginia. When he was nine, his family moved to their new plantation of Mount Pleasant in 1732. His father had hired slaves and an overseer to clear it, work that had been going on for five years to establish cultivation. That summer (1732) his father died at age 36 in August after a short illness.
The family or the sheriff believed he was poisoned by slaves, and three were charged in the case and convicted by justices of the Commission of Peace. Unusually, only one slave was executed; Dido and Turk, owned by the widow Frances Taylor Madison, were returned to her to serve as laborers after being punished by whipping.
James was tutored and trained to be a planter and slaveholder, and member of the landed gentry. His widowed mother never remarried, which was unusual at that time for a woman her age; she had extensive Taylor family in the county. As the eldest son, James Madison Sr. inherited Mount Pleasant when he came of age in 1744. He called the plantation Home House. Acquiring more land, he eventually owned 5,000 acres, making him the largest landowner in Orange County. By the time of his death, he owned 108 slaves.
Marriage and family
Madison married Nelly Conway (Port Conway, Caroline County, Virginia, January 9, 1731 - Montpelier, Orange County, Virginia, February 11, 1829), also of the planter class (her birthplace was named after her family). They had twelve children:
James Madison (March 16, 1751 - June 28, 1836)
Francis Taylor Madison (June 18, 1753 - April 5, 1800)
Ambrose Madison (January 27, 1755 - October 3, 1793); married Mary Willis Lee (27 May 1755 - 14 March 1798), daughter of Hancock Lee II & Mary Willis Catlett Madison (February 10, 1758 - March 18, 1758)
Nelly Conway Madison (February 14, 1760 - December 24, 1802)
William Taylor Madison (May 5, 1762 - July 20, 1843)
Sarah Catlett Madison (August 17, 1764 - October 17, 1843)
unnamed child (1766-1766)
Elizabeth Madison (February 6, 1768 - May 17, 1775)
unnamed stillborn child (July 12, 1770 - July 12, 1770)
Reuben Madison (September 19, 1771 - June 5, 1775)
Frances Taylor Madison (October 4, 1774 - October 4, 1823)
American Revolutionary War
During the American Revolution, Madison was chairman of the Orange County Committee of Safety. He was commissioned as a colonel in the Virginia militia.
COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Uzbekistan when its first case was confirmed on 15 March 2020, an Uzbek citizen returning from France.
Uzbekistan's Health Ministry has a list of people who were in contact with the victim, with plans to quarantine them.
After the case was announced, Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced a state of emergency in Kazakhstan, and promptly closed the border with Uzbekistan. Two days before the first case of coronavirus, Uzbekistan suspended flights to France, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
On 22 March 2020, Uzbekistan ordered companies in Tashkent to do remote working, as well as making protective masks mandatory.
On March 27, 2020, the first death was reported in the country, who was a 72-year-old woman living in Namangan. She was infected by her daughter who returned from Turkey on 12 March 2020.
As of 13 May 2020, there have been 2,568 confirmed cases, 2,046 recoveries and 10 deaths.
Mr. Potato Head

Mr. Potato Head is an American toy. It is a plastic model of a potato, that can be decorated with several plastic parts that attach to the toy's body. Some examples include ears, eyes, shoes, hats, noses, and a mouth. The toy was invented and designed by George Lerner in 1949 and manufactured and distributed by Hasbro in 1952.
Holmsund

Holmsund is a locality in Umea Municipality in Vasterbotten County in Sweden. In 2010, 5,489 people lived there. The locality is 18 kilometers south of the town of Umea. Holmsund serves as a port for Umea.
Rich County, Utah

Rich County is a county in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 census, there are 2,510 people living there. The county seat is Randolph.
808 State

808 State are an English electronic music group. It was formed in 1987 in Manchester. They are named after the Roland TR-808 drum machine. They were formed by Graham Massey, Martin Price and Gerald Simpson, and they released their debut album, Newbuild, in September 1988. Their best known single is "Pacific State".
Mercedes-Benz buses

Mercedes-Benz has been building buses since 1895 in Mannheim in Germany.
Carcharhiniformes

Carcharhiniformes is the largest order of sharks. Also known as Ground sharks or Whaler sharks, this group contains over 270 species of shark. It includes some common ones like the Blue shark, Bull shark, Tiger shark and the hammerhead sharks.
Ground sharks have a special membrane which protects their eyes when needed. They have two dorsal fins, an anal fin, and five gill slits.
Ground sharks are found in open oceans, seas, estuaries, and brackish waters.
Orval Faubus

Orval Eugene Faubus ( ; January 7, 1910 - December 14, 1994) was an American politician. He was the 36th Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967. Faubus was a member of the Democratic Party.
In 1957, he refused to comply with the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1954 case Brown v. Board of Education. He told the Arkansas National Guard to prevent black students from going to Little Rock Central High School. This event became known as the Little Rock Crisis.
Cristina Iovu

Cristina Iovu (born November 8, 1992 in Chisinau) is a Moldovan weightlifter in the -53 kg division.
Iovu won a gold medal at the 2012 European Weightlifting Championships. At the 2012 London Olympics, Iovu won the bronze medal in the 53 kg event.
Urbanna, Virginia

Urbanna, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Detention

A detention can be:
Detention (2003 movie)
Detention (school), a punishment used in schools
Detention (Cold Case Episode), Episode 58 (Series 3 Episode 12) of CBS TV Drama Cold Case.
Feeding Sea Lions

Feeding Sea Lions is a 1900 American silent movie. It stars Paul Boyton and Sea lions.
1997 Formula One World Championship

The 1997 Formula One season was the 48th edition of the championship. The champion was Jacques Villeneuve in a close battle. Williams won the constructor's championship.
Robe

A robe is a type of clothing. It is loose-fitting and sometimes ties in the front.
Types of robes
There are different types of robes. These include the following:
Bathrobe - usually worn at home after taking a bath. They are also sometimes worn at night, or in the morning.
Graduation robe - A gown traditionally worn at a high school graduation, or college graduation.
Judge's robe - Part of a judge's clothing. Other jobs may call for robes, such as a barrister.
Wizard's robe - in fantasy, wizards are usually shown wearing robes.
Tony Hawk's American Wasteland

Tony Hawk's American Wasteland is a skateboarding video game that was on the PS2, Xbox, Xbox 360, Nintendo GameCube and PC. The game was developed by Neversoft and published by Activision. The PC version of the game was ported/published by Aspyr.
Cornelia Rickert

Cornelia Rickert is a retired volleyball player from East Germany. Cornelia competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. She was born on 30 July 1954.
Old School (movie)

Old School is a 2003 American comedy movie directed and cowritten by Todd Phillips. It stars Luke Wilson, Will Ferrell and Vince Vaughn as three adults starting a fraternity.
David Lau

David Baruch Lau, Hebrew: dvd brvKH lAv , (born January 13, 1966 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli Orthodox rabbi. He has been Chief Rabbi of Israel on behalf of the Ashkenazi Jews since August 14, 2013, succeeding Yona Metzger.
His father Yisrael Meir Lau had the same position from 1993 to 2003. His Sephardic counterpart is Yitzhak Yosef.
Elelwani

Elelwani is a 2012 South African romantic drama movie directed by Ntshavheni wa Luruli and was based on the novel by Titus Ntsiene Maumela. It stars Florence Masebe, Vusi Kunene, Mutodi Neshehe, Sammy Moeti.
Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children

Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children is a computer animated movie. It was released in 2005 by Square Enix.
Story
The movie is set two years after Final Fantasy VII . A mysterious illness has spread against humanity, Cloud Strife and the children are infected. He does not tell anyone he is infected. The villains included Kadaj, Loz, and Yazoo, are trying to find the "Cells of JENOVA". The Cells are a lifeform which fell to the planet hundreds of years ago and tried to destroy it.
Curing salt

Curing salt (or pink salt or Prague powder #1) is mixture of salt and sodium nitrate that is used to preserve or cure meats or in the making of sausages. It contains 93.75% table salt and 6.25% sodium nitrite. The sodium nitrite in curing salt is used to stop the growth of Clostridium botulinum in order to prevent botulism. Curing salt may be dyed pink preventing it from being confused with table salt.
Hannibal Buress

Hannibal Amir Buress (, born February 4, 1983) is an American comedian, actor, writer, and producer. He has co-starred on Adult Swim's The Eric Andre Show since 2012. He also starred on Comedy Central's Broad City from 2014 to 2019. He was born in Chicago.
Sash! discography

Sash! have made six studio albums, three compilation albums and twenty-three singles.
Non Phixion

Non Phixion, pronounced non-fiction, was an American hardcore hip-hop group from New York City. Non Phixion had six members in the band; the band members were Ill Bill, Sabac Red, Goretex, DJ Eclipse, MC Serch and Necro.
Bessoncourt

Bessoncourt is a commune. It is found in the region Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Territoire de Belfort department in the northeast of France.
Curtiss C-46 Commando

The Curtiss C-46 Commando is an American cargo aircraft. It was mainly used by US Army Air Force and US Navy for the World War II and after the Korean War. It was called R5C-1 by US Navy. After 1945 many were sold to airlines across the world. It's often confused with the Douglas C-47 Skytrain.
Secretary of State

Secretary of State is a title for a government official. The title has different meanings in different countries, and in some cases there are several Secretaries of State in the government.
In many countries, a secretary of state is a mid-level official.
In the United Kingdom a secretary of state is a senior minister in the Cabinet.
In the Vatican City the Cardinal Secretary of State is the head of the Roman Curia which is the cabinet of the Vatican and the Roman Catholic Church.
United States
In the United States federal government, the Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, and is responsible for foreign policy. In most other countries, this official is called the Foreign Secretary or foreign minister. The Secretary of State is the highest-ranking member of the Cabinet. The current U.S. Secretary of State is Antony Blinken.
Nikko

Nikko may refer to:
Nikko, Tochigi, a Japanese city and tourist destination
Nikko Cordial, a Japanese brokerage firm
Nikko, the leader of the Winged Monkeys in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz
Nikko Halloran, a character in the 1993 film RoboCop 3 played by Remy Ryan
Hyacinth Tungutalum

Hyacinth Gabriel Tungutalum (14 August 1946 - 7 April 2009) was an Australian politician. He was the first Indigenous Australian to be elected to a state or territory parliament. He was a member of the Country Liberal Party. From 1974 to 1977, he served as a member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly for Tiwi.
Tungutalum was from the Tiwi Islands. He was married to Natalie and had two sons. On 7 April 2009, Tungutalum died of a heart attack at the age of 62.
30 Days of Night (movie)

30 Days of Night is a 2007 American New Zealand horror movie directed by David Slade and was based on the comic book series of the same name. It stars Josh Hartnett, Melissa George, Danny Huston, Ben Foster, Amber Sainsbury, Joel Toback, Nathaniel Lees, Grant Tilly, Manu Bennett, Elizabeth Hawthorne, Pua Magasiva.
Guéra (region)

Guera is one of the 23 regions of Chad. The capital is Mongo. It was created in 2002 from the former Guera prefecture.
Half of the Zakouma National Park is within the region.
Covington, Louisiana

Covington is a small city in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is the parish seat of St. Tammany Parish.
Board

Board could mean:
Board (wood), a piece of lumber, or other rigid material made of wood, milled or sawn flat
Surfboard
Skateboard
Snowboard (often made of fibreglass)
Board of directors or a similar governing or advisory committee
Sound Board, an audio mixing console
Bulletin board system or Internet forum
Board (bridge), a device used in playing duplicate bridge
Board or level, a distinct area in or stage of a video game
Chalkboard, Blackboard or whiteboard, a reusable writing surface
Board, use accommodation in a house or hotel; to stay at school during term time, and sleep in a dormitory
Basic English 850 words
Barrack (disambiguation)

Barrack can mean:
Barracks, a type of military housing.
Barrack (brandy), a Hungarian palinka brandy.
Barrack (computer game), a computer game by Ambrosia Software.
Barrack (Australian Rules Football), to vocalise ones support for their favourite football team.
Noraduz

Noraduz (or Noratus) is a site in the region of Gegharkunik in Armenia near Lake Sevan. It was formed a church dedicated to Sainte-mere-de-Dieu (built in the ninth century), and an exceptional site of medieval tombs. The tombstones are called Khachkars. Noraduz is the most important place for Khachkars in Armenia.
Type (biology)

In biology, a type is a specimen, or example, of a specific living thing or taxon, which is a group of specific living things. For example, if a scientist catches one frog that is not any species of frog already known, then that frog is the type of a new species of frog. That species will have a new scientific name. In older English writings from before 1900, plant scientists used the word type for groups of specific living things instead of specimens.
A taxon is a group of living things with a scientific name. Taxons can be small or large. A species is a taxon. A genus is a taxon. A kingdom is a taxon. Taxons are based on detailed, published descriptions and on type material. Scientists show the type material to other scientists so tehy can study it. They usually do this by putting the material in museums' research collections.
Type specimen
The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) make rules for type specimens. In these rules, the scientific name of every taxon is almost always based on just one specimen. Types are usually specimens that are kept in a museum or herbarium research collection. These types are usually whole organisms in a preservative, for example alcohol. Sometimes they are just pictures of the organisms. Describing species and appointing type specimens is part of scientific nomenclature and alpha taxonomy.
Depending on the naming code for the organism, a type can be a specimen, a culture, a drawn picture, or (for bacteria) a description.
For example, in the research collection of the Natural History Museum in London, there is a bird specimen numbered 1886.6.24.20. This is the specimen for the spotted harrier, Circus assimilis. This specimen is the holotype for that species; the name Circus assimilis is, by definition, the species of that particular specimen.
Scientists do not need to make sure that the specimen they use as a type is a "typical" individual in that taxon. The type can be a different color from other members of its taxon. It can be deformed or different.
The use of the term type is complicated because botany and zoology use it differently. In the PhyloCode, type-based definitions are replaced by phylogenetic definitions.
Type locality
The type locality is the place where the scientists found the type specimen.
Daylight (video game)

Daylight is an upcoming survival horror video game for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows. It was developed by Zombie Studios. It is powered by Unreal Engine 4. It was released in North America on April 29, 2014. It was released in the PAL region on April 30, 2014. It was released in Japan on August 28, 2014.
Plot
The story is centered around a woman who regains consciousness in an abandoned hospital. She has no memory of how she got there. With her mobile phone as her only source of light, she must explore the haunted hospital and its criminal past in order to escape. The terrain outside the hospital is randomly generated, so that every time you play it is different.