Loiret

Loiret is a department in north-central France in the Centre-Val de Loire region. It is named after the Loiret river, a tributary of Loire that is completely within the department.
Its prefecture is Orleans and there are two subprefectures: Montargis and Pithiviers.
History
The department is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. The department was created from part of the former province of Orleanais.
The new department had seven districts: Orleans, Beaugency, Neuville, Pithiviers, Montargis, Gien and Boiscommun. The capital (now prefecture) was Orleans.
In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the seven districts were changed into four arrondissements: Orleans, Gien, Montargis and Pithiviers.
After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Bavarian army from June 1815 to November 1818.
On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Gien and Pithiviers were eliminated but in 1942 Pithiviers became again an arrondissement of the department.
Geography
Loiret is part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. It has an area of .
The department is bordered by the 7 departments in 3 regions:
Centre-Val de Loire region
Eure-et-Loir
Cher
Loir-et-Cher
Ile-de-France region
Essonne
Seine-et-Marne
Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region
Yonne
Nievre
The highest point of the department is in the place called Col des Etourneaux (), in the commune of Pierrefitte-es-Bois, and that is above sea level; it is in northwestern Massif Central.
The main rivers are:
Loire, that flows through the department from the southeast to the west.
Loiret, a short tributary of the Loire and that gives its name to the department.
Loing, 142 km long.
Cosson, 96.4 km long.
Essonne, 97 km long.
There are several natural regions in the Loiret department:
The Loire Valley, the valley around the Loire river.
Beauce, to the northwest of the department; it is a limestone plateau and an important farming region where wheat is grown.
Gatinais, to the east around the city of Montargis.
The Foret d'Orleans ("Forest of Orleans"), the largest national forest of France; it is to the north of the Loire river and to the south of the Beauce region.
Sologne, south of the Loire river.
Berry (a small part), to the southeast.
Puisaye, between the Berry and the Gatinais.
Climate
The Koppen climate classification type for the climate at Orleans is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype Cfb.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Orleans is . The month with the most precipitation on average is August with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is March with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Orleans is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
Administration
The department is managed by the Departmental Council of the Loiret in Orleans. Loiret is part of the region of Centre-Val de Loire.
Administrative divisions
There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 21 cantons and 326 communes (municipalities) in Loiret.
The following is a list of the 21 cantons of the Loir-et-Cher department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Beaugency (4501)
Chalette-sur-Loing (4502)
Chateauneuf-sur-Loire (4503)
Courtenay (4504)
La Ferte-Saint-Aubin (4505)
Fleury-les-Aubrais (4506)
Gien (4507)
Lorris (4508)
Malesherbes (4509)
Meung-sur-Loire (4510)
Montargis (4511)
Olivet (4512)
Orleans-1 (4513)
Orleans-2 (4514)
Orleans-3 (4515)
Orleans-4 (4516)
Pithiviers (4517)
Saint-Jean-de-Braye (4518)
Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle (4519)
Saint-Jean-le-Blanc (4520)
Sully-sur-Loire (4521)
Demographics
The inhabitants of Loiret are known, in French, as Loiretains (women: Loiretaines).
Loiret has a population, in 2014, of 669,737, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Orleans, with 435,676 inhabitants, is by far the largest.