kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
John Tavener

Sir John Tavener (28 January 1944 - 12 November 2013) was an English composer.
Life
John Tavener was born in Wembley, Middlesex. He went to Highgate School in North London. Another pupil there at the time was John Rutter. At school he studied piano, organ and composition and wrote music for the school orchestra. He also wrote music for the Presbyterian church where his family went and where his father was organist. In 1962 he went to the Royal College of Music where he studied the piano at first but then changed to composition. One of his early successes was a cantata called Cain and Abel which was performed by the London Bach Society. It was the performance of The Whale by the London Sinfonietta in 1968 that made him really famous. This work used collage, pre-recorded tape, amplified percussion and a chorus who used loudhailers. This kind of thing was very fashionable in the 1960s.
Another work written in 1968 was In Alium. It was performed at the Proms. It was an unusual concert: three works by living composers were played in the first half. The audience were asked to vote for which one they wanted to hear again after the interval. They chose In Alium.
The Beatles became interested in Tavener's music. John Lennon heard The Whale and he decided to issue Tavener's music on the newly formed Apple label.
Tavener became professor of composition at Trinity College. He continued to compose, although he often had difficulty finishing pieces. He was often worried that he might not be able to think of any new music. In 1977 he became a member of the Russian Orthodox Church. This changed his life. His music was very religious. He married his second wife and had two children. He was also very ill with heart trouble and even died on the operating table in hospital, but he brought back to life by the doctors.
He made a very important friend, Mother Thekla. She was an 80-year-old nun in the Orthodox Church, and she gave John a lot of advice and encouragement in his life.
A short piece for choir, The Lamb was written as a birthday present for his 3 year old nephew. It is very often sung by choirs at Christmas as a carol.
In 1989, his work The Protecting Veil was performed at the Proms. It was a work for cello and orchestra. The cellist was Steven Isserlis. This piece is one of the best known modern works for cello. He continued to write a lot of music. His Song for Athene was performed at the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales in 1998. It was heard on television all over the world.
Tavener was knighted in 2000.
Death
Tavener died on 12 November 2013 at his home in Child Okeford, Dorset from unknown causes, aged 69. Tavener suffered many health issues. He suffered two heart attack and had surgery to remove an intestinal tumor.
Deuel County

Deuel County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Deuel County, Nebraska
Deuel County, South Dakota
Qizhang metro station

Qizhang is a metro station on the Songshan-Xindian Line in New Taipei, Taiwan. The station code of this station is G03.
Station layout information
The platforms are located underground. Platform 1 is both for Songshan and a termination platform for trains from Xiaobitan. Platform 2 is for Xindian or Xiaobitan.
Greta Van Fleet

Greta Van Fleet is an American rock band. It was made in Frankenmuth, Michigan in 2012. The members of the band are Josh Kiszka (singing), Jake Kiszka (guitar), Sam Kiszka (bass guitar, keyboards), and Danny Wagner (drums). The band released their first extended play (EP) in April 2017. It is named Black Smoke Rising. The band's first single was popular. It is named "Highway Tune". It was number one on the Billboard Mainstream Rock music chart. It was number one on the chart for four weeks. The band made a second EP named From the Fires. It won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Album.
The band released their first album in October 2018. It is named Anthem of the Peaceful Army. It was number one on the Billboard Rock Album chart. In 2021, the band made The Battle at Garden's Gate.
Reydon, Oklahoma

Reydon is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

The (JSPS), also known as Gakushin, is an independent administrative institution in Japan.
JSPS exists to contribute to the advancement of all fields of the natural and social sciences and the humanities.
History
The Society was created in 1932. An endowment given by Emperor Showa helped establish Gakushin.
Popular interest in the history of science led to the establishment of JSPS
Gakushin evolved in a context of other societies and groups such as the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Research Institute for Chemistry and Physics.
The Japanese government has always supported the society.
In 1967, JSPS became a semi-governmental organization. The Society was reorganized as an independent administrative institution in 2003.
Mission
JSPS has many scientific and academic programs. Its mission is
To foster young researchers
To promote international scientific cooperation
To award grants for scientific research
To support scientific cooperation between the academic community and industry
To collect and distribute information on scientific research
Publications
JSPS publications include:
Gakujutsu Geppo (Japanese Scientific Monthly).
Scientific books.
Abner

Abner is a Hebrew name that signifies "father of light" or "my father is a light." It has been commonly used by Jewish families for many generations. The name Abner appears multiple times in the Bible and is linked with qualities like bravery, power, and guidance.
Octopussy

Octopussy is a 1983 British spy action movie directed by John Glen and is the 13th movie in the James Bond franchise. It stars Roger Moore, Maud Adams, Louis Jourdan, Kristina Wayborn, Kabir Bedi, Steven Berkoff, Desmond Llewelyn, Geoffrey Keen, Robert Brown, Lois Maxwell and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
B. J. Thomas

Billy Joe "BJ" Thomas (August 7, 1942 - May 29, 2021) was an American country singer-songwriter. Thomas was born in Hugo, Oklahoma.
His most famous songs are "Hooked upon a feeling" and "Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head", which was in the movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. He sang throughout the 1970s. He changed to Christian music in the 1980s. He won a Grammy Award for every year between 1977 until 1981.
In March 2021, Thomas announced that he was diagnosed with stage-4 lung cancer. He died from the disease on May 29, 2021 in Arlington, Texas at the age of 78.
List of Zeebo games

This is a list of video games that came out for the Zeebo. All of these were distributed via digital download.
States and territories of Australia

States and territories of Australia
States
Territories
Mainland
From 1926 to 1931, Central Australia existed as a separate territory between the 20th and 26th parallels of latitude, before being becoming a part of the Northern Territory again.
Overseas territories
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Australian Antarctic Territory
Norfolk Island
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Coral Sea Islands Territory
Heard and McDonald Islands
Former
Territory of North Australia (1927-31)
Territory of Central Australia (1927-31)
Territory of Papua (1902-49)
Territory of New Guinea (1920-49)
Territory of Papua and New Guinea (1949-72)
Background and overview
The states started as separate British colonies before Federation (in 1901). Their powers are protected by the Australian constitution. The territories are under the control of the Commonwealth government. The Australian Parliament has powers to create laws in the territories that it does not have in the states.
Most of the territories are directly administered by the Commonwealth government. Three of the territories (the Northern Territory, the Australian Capital Territory and Norfolk Island) administer themselves. In the territories that govern themselves, the Australian Parliament has the power to govern, and can override laws made by the territorial governments. It has done this at times, but it is rare that it happens. The Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are usually treated as states.
Each state has a governor. This governor is chosen by the Queen, but she chooses the person on the advice of the state Premier. The Administrators of the Northern Territory and of Norfolk Island are chosen by the Governor-General. The Australian Capital Territory is governed by the Governor-General.
The head of government of each state is called the Premier. This person is chosen by the state's Governor. Normally the Governor will select as Premier whoever leads the lower house of the state Parliament. However, the Governor can chose someone else as Premier. The head of government of the self-governing mainland territories is called the Chief Minister. The Northern Territory's Chief Minister, is normally whoever controls the Legislative Assembly, is appointed by the Administrator.n.
Groesbeck, Texas

Groesbeck is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Epoxide

In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a molecule that has a ring with at least three atoms in total, two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. These three atoms are bonded, or stuck together, in a small ring. The ring of atoms is shaped like a triangle, with all edges of the same length. Because of this small ring, an epoxide is very reactive.
Epoxides can be made by oxidation of alkenes. There are many ways to do this. Usually, a peroxide is used. Some ways can even make only one enantiomer of the epoxide.
Epoxides like to react with nucleophiles. Usually, when an epoxide reacts with a nucleophile, the first thing it does is break one of its chemical bonds between the oxygen atom and the carbon atom. This makes the triangular ring pop open. With the ring open, the nucleophile gets stuck onto one of the carbon atoms. On the other carbon, the left over oxygen attaches to a hydrogen atom, turning into an alcohol. This is very useful, because it is easy to change an alcohol into many other functional groups.
Epoxides are useful because with them very complicated molecules can be made quickly. Epoxides are extremely useful for making many other compounds. That is because oxygen, which is in an epoxide, is such a great functional group. Once you have made an epoxide, you can make alcohols, ethers, and halohydrins, among other things.
Anatoly Chukanov

Anatoly Alekseevich Chukanov (; 10 May 1954 - 12 June 2021) was a Soviet and Russian cyclist. He was part of the Soviet team that won the 100 km team time trial at the 1976 Summer Olympics and 1977 UCI Road World Championships.
Marganell

Marganell is a municipality in the comarca of Bages, Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.
Krujë District

The District of Kruje is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. It is part of Durres County. There are 67,698 people. The capital is Kruje.
Omar Quintana

Omar Quintana Baquerizo (March 22, 1944 - April 3, 2020) was an Ecuadorian politician and sports businessman. Quintana was born in Quito. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Roldosist Party (PRE) and Institutional Renewal Party of National Action (PRIAN) political parties.
Quintana was in the former National Congress of Ecuador from 2003 to 2005, including as the President of the National Congress from January 5, 2005, until April 20, 2005. Quinata was the former director of C.S. Emelec, a professional football sports club based in Guayaquil.
Quintana died on April 3, 2020 in Guayaquil of COVID-19 at the age of 76.
Marco Rubio

Marco Antonio Rubio (born May 28, 1971) is the senior United States Senator from Florida. He is a Republican. He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 2000, and he served as the Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives from 2006 to 2008.
Early life
Rubio's family moved from Cuba to the US in the 1950s. He was born in 1971 in Miami, Florida. He has one brother and two sisters. Rubio's family moved to Las Vegas, Nevada during the 1980s but they later came back to Miami. After high school he stayed in Florida and went to the University of Florida, where he graduated in 1993 with a political science degree. After that he went to law school at the University of Miami, where he got a doctorate in law.
U.S. Senate (2011-present)
After being in local politics, Rubio ran for the Florida House of Representitives and won. Eventually he became the Speaker of the House, an important political position. In 2010 he ran for US Senate. He ran a long shot campaign at first: most people thought that Florida's Governor, Charlie Crist would get the Republican nomination. Rubio won the primary, but Crist entered the race as an independent. In a three way race between himself, Crist, and Democrat Kendrick Meek, Rubio was elected to the Senate in 2010.
Rubio has become well known since entering the Senate. He has been critical of President Barack Obama and has proposed his own ideas in place of Obama's plans on more than one issue. He wrote a plan for the economy supporting free market economics and has proposed tax cuts for small businesses that have innovative ideas. Rubio also introduced a reform of the US immigration system and recently supported changes to how colleges deal with sexual assault.
Rubio announced in May 2015, that he will not seek re-election because of his presidential campaign. After suspending his presidential campaign, Rubio announced he would seek a second term in June 2016. Rubio defeated Democratic challenger Patrick Murphy in the 2016 election.
2016 presidential race
On April 13, 2015, Rubio announced his candidacy for president in 2016 and that he would not seek re-election to his Senate seat. His campaign started at the Freedom Tower in Miami, a building that many Cuban immigrants passed through.
During the 2016 Republican Party presidential primary, Rubio came in third place in Iowa. Since then, he came in second or third place in the Nevada and South Carolina primaries. He won the Minnesota primaries after Super Tuesday. On March 6, 2016, Rubio won the Puerto Rico primary by winning almost 74%. He also won the Washington, D.C. caucus.
Rubio suspended his campaign on March 15, 2016 after losing the Florida primaries to Donald Trump.
Personal life
Rubio married Jeanette Dousdebes in 1998. Together, they have four children. The Rubios live in Miami, Florida. Marco has two sisters, Veronica and Barbara, and an older brother, Mario. Rubio has said in his books that he is a fan of rap music. When he was a young man he played football, and once hoped to play the game in the NFL. Rubio has also written two books.
Pyramidion

A pyramidion (plural pyramidia) is the very top piece of an Egyptian pyramid. They were called benbenet in the Ancient Egyptian language. In Egypt's Old Kingdom, pyramidia were made of diorite, granite, or limestone. These were then covered in gold or electrum. The gold would reflect the rays of the sun. In later times they were made from granite which had royal titles and religious symbols cut into them.
Very few pyramidia still exist. Most of those that have are made of polished black granite, with the name of the pyramid's owner cut into them. There are four pyramidia on show in the main hall of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. They include the pyramidia from the Black Pyramid of Amenemhat III at Dahshur and the Pyramid of Khendjer at Saqqara.
A badly damaged white Tura limestone pyramidion is thought to have been made for the Red Pyramid of Sneferu at Dahshur. It has been rebuilt and put on show at the side of the pyramid. However it does not match, as its angles are steeper than that of the sides of the pyramid.
Private brick pyramids with pyramidia
During the New Kingdom, some private underground tombs had a small brick pyramid built on top of them. These pyramids were topped with a pyramidia. The four sides included texts and scenes about the cult of the Sun god Ra.
The scenes usually show the course of the sun. It is shown rising on one side, and setting on the opposite side, and traveling, through the night, through the underworld, ruled by Osiris.
Scribe Moses pyramidion
The pyramidion of the scribe Moses was made about 1250 BC from limestone. It is 53 cm tall and shows him making an offering, with his name, on two opposite sides. The other two sides show a baboon which represents the god Thoth.
Ptahemwia pyramidion
The pyramidion of Ptahemwia was made about 1200 BC, from limestone. It is 28 cm wide and 42 cm tall, and shows sun-related scenes. The Sun god, Ra, and the god of the Underworld, Osiris, are shown on one side. On another side is Ptahemwia, standing in an offering pose, facing three columns of hieroglyphs.
Related pages
Washington Monument, which has a solid aluminum pyramidion that serves as a lightning rod.
Ligament

In anatomy, the word ligament usually means the fibrous tissue that joins bones to other bones or cartilages.
A ligament is a short band of tough fibrous connective tissue made of long, stringy collagen fibres. Ligaments join bones to other bones to form a joint. They do not connect muscles to bones; that is the function of tendons. Some ligaments limit the amount of movement in a joint, or stop certain movements altogether.
Ligaments are only slightly elastic; when under tension, they gradually lengthen. This is one reason why dislocated joints must be set as quickly as possible: if the ligaments lengthen too much, then the joint will be weakened. Athletes, gymnasts, dancers, and martial artists perform stretching exercises to lengthen their ligaments, making their joints more supple.
The result of a broken ligament can be instability of the joint. Not all broken ligaments need surgery, but if surgery is needed to stabilise the joint, the broken ligament can be joined.
Grace Harris

Grace Margaret Harris is a cricketer from Australia. Grace plays for Queensland Fire in the Women's National Cricket League and Brisbane Heat in the Women's Big Bash League. She was born on September 18, 1993.
Virgilina, Virginia

Virgilina, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Jack Brooksbank

Jack Christopher Stamp Brooksbank (born 3 May 1986) is an English bar manager and brand ambassador. He is married to Princess Eugenie, the niece of King Charles III.
Early life and family
Brooksbank was born on 3 May 1986 at St Thomas' Hospital in Lambeth, London. He was christened at Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks in Wellington Barracks. He is eldest son of George Edward Hugh Brooksbank and his wife Nicola (nee Newton), great-granddaughter of Sir Arthur Holland. Brooksbank is in remainder to the Brooksbank baronetcy.
A half-third cousin twice-removed of Princess Eugenie through Thomas Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester, Brooksbank's great-grandfather was Sir John (Jack) Spencer Coke, a Gentleman Usher to King George VI and Extra Gentleman Usher to Queen Elizabeth II and his great-uncle was the 3rd Baron Hamilton of Dalzell. His parents are Old Etonian George Brooksbank, a company director and chartered accountant, and his wife, Nicola, who reside in London and Bordeaux in France. Jack has a younger brother, Thomas, who is also an Old Etonian.
Education and career
Brooksbank was educated at Stowe School in Buckinghamshire, and then the University of Bristol before leaving to work in the bar industry. He was the general manager of Mahiki, a nightclub in Mayfair that was often visited by his wife's cousins Prince William and Prince Harry in their youth. He now works as a brand ambassador for Casamigos tequila.
Marriage and family
In 2011, Brooksbank began dating Princess Eugenie of York, the younger daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York. On 22 January 2018, the Duke of York's office at Buckingham Palace announced their engagement. In April 2018, the couple moved from their residence at St James's Palace to Ivy Cottage, in the grounds of Kensington Palace. Their wedding took place on 12 October 2018, at St George's Chapel, Windsor. Contrary to press speculation that Brooksbank would be created "Earl of Northallerton", he has not been elevated to the peerage after marrying into the royal family, following a trend in recent years for a male commoner not to be awarded one upon marriage to a princess.
The couple's son, August Philip Hawke Brooksbank, was born on 9 February 2021 at the Portland Hospital in London. At his birth, he was eleventh in line to the throne.
A major

A major (or the key of A) is a major scale with a base note of A. Its key signature has three sharps.
Its relative minor is F-sharp minor. The key of A-major is the only key where a Neapolitan sixth chord on needs both a flat and a natural accidental.
There are not as many symphonies in A major as in D major or G major, but more than other sharp keys. Beethoven's Symphony No. 7, Bruckner's Symphony No. 6 and Mendelssohn's Symphony No. 4 are almost all the symphonies in this key in the Romantic era. Mozart's Clarinet Concerto and Clarinet Quintet are both in A major. Mozart used clarinets in A major often.
In chamber music, A major is used a lot. Johannes Brahms, Cesar Franck, and Gabriel Faure wrote violin sonatas in A major. Peter Cropper said that A major "is the fullest sounding key for the violin.", when he was talking about Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata.
According to Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart, A major is a key that is good for "declarations of innocent love, ... hope of seeing one's beloved again when parting; youthful cheerfulness and trust in God."
When music for orchestra is in A major, the timpani are normally set to A and E a fifth apart. In most other keys, they are set a fourth apart.
IOS 4

iOS 4 is the fourth version of the mobile software iOS, made by Apple Inc.. It was released on June 21, 2010. It was the first big change that was only called iOS, instead of iPhone OS. Some devices could not use iOS 4. This was also the first change that iPod Touch owners could have for free.
The iPhone 3G and iPod Touch 2 cannot use many apps at the same time. They also cannot set a home screen wallpaper. The iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, and iPod Touch 3 & 4 have them. The first iPhone and the first iPod Touch cannot run iOS 4 or newer.
Prime Minister of Jordan

The Prime Minister of Jordan is the head of government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
The Prime Minister is appointed by the King of Jordan, who is then free to form his own Cabinet.
The Parliament of Jordan then approves the programs of the new government through a vote of confidence. There are no constitutional limits on a Prime Minister's term, and several of them served multiple non-consecutive terms.
Emblems (album)

Emblems is the fifth album by Matt Pond PA, released in 2004. It contains 12 songs totaling 49 minutes and 51 seconds in length.
Barcelona Metro line 3

Line 3, (L3) currently known as Zona Universitaria - Trinitat Nova, coloured green and often simply referred to as Linia verda ("Green line"), is a metro line in Barcelona operated by TMB. The central section of L3 has the city's oldest metro stations, built in the mid-1920s.
Chronology
1924 - Catalunya-Lesseps section opened.
1925 - Fontana station opened. Catalunya-Liceu section opened.
1926 - Passeig de Gracia-Jaume I section opened.
1934 - Jaume I-Correos section opened.
1946 - Liceu-Fernando section opened.
1968 - Fernando-Drassanes section opened.
1970 - Drassanes-Paral*lel section opened.
1972 - Passeig de Gracia-Correos section closed.
1975 - Paral*lel-Zona Universitaria section opened (as L3B).
1982 - L3B integrated into L3.
1985 - Lesseps-Montbau section opened.
2001 - Montbau-Canyelles section opened.
2008 - Canyelles-Trinitat Nova section opened.
Technical details
Current stations
Station or line names shown in italics are under construction.
Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums around the teeth. Gingivitis may be caused by a buildup of plaque and tartar because the teeth have not been cleaned properly. It can also be a manifestation of a systemic disease, as in diabetes or AIDS.
Sometimes excessive brushing or flossing can wear out the gums causing gum recession.
If gingivitis is not treated by proper oral hygiene, it can lead to periodontitis, which is a more advanced state of gum disease, that affects the bone and is harder to treat.
Hajjah Governorate

Hajjah ( ) is a governorate of Yemen. Its capital is Hajjah.
The Two Gentlemen of Verona

The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a comedy. It is one of the first plays he wrote. According to The Guardian, "it is far from being his most polished work".
Colour the World

"Colour the World" is a 1999 song by the German DJ group Sash! and it features Swedish singer Dr. Alban. It is the fourth and final single from Sash!'s second studio album Life Goes On (Sash! album) which was released on 17 August 1998.
It was played a lot in clubs around the world and is one of Sash!'s biggest songs.
Telma Hopkins

Telma Louise Hopkins (born October 28, 1948) is an American actress and singer. She was a member of the 1970s pop music group Tony Orlando and Dawn. She is known for her television roles such as Isabelle Hammond in Bosom Buddies (1980-82), Adelaide "Addy" Wilson on Gimme a Break! (1983-87) and Family Matters (1989-1997) as Rachel Baines-Crawford.
Hopkins co-starred in 1984 science fiction movie Trancers and in its sequels Trancers II (1991) and Trancers III (1992) and Trancers IV (2019).
Chaves County, New Mexico

Chaves County is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2010 census, the population was 65,645. Its county seat is Roswell.
Nalliers, Vendée

Nalliers is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Claudio Scimone

Claudio Scimone (23 December 1934 - 6 September 2018) was an Italian conductor. He was born in Padua, Italy. Scimone was the founder of I Solisti Veneti (the ensemble with which most of his recordings have been made) and at the time of his death was the honorary conductor of the Gulbenkian Orchestra in Lisbon, Portugal. He also gave the modern premieres of Moses in Egypt and Oedipus at Colonus by Rossini, and The Last Judgement by Salieri.
Scimone died on 6 September 2018 in Rome at the age of 83.
Hames-Boucres

Hames-Boucres is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Thermal radiation

Thermal radiation is radiation that things make because they are warm. It may be felt as heat or seen as light. It is a form of heat transfer that is moved from one place to another by electromagnetic radiation waves or rays. It does not require a form of matter to be transferred. Any matter which is at any temperature above absolute zero (0 K or -273degC) gives out and absorbs thermal radiation. Like light, thermal radiation travels through vacuum at a speed of approximately 3X10^8 metres per second. Thermal radiation can also travel in all directions. Dark, dull surfaces give out more thermal radiation while bright and shiny surfaces give out comparatively less thermal radiation. Those surfaces which give out thermal radiation well also absorb thermal radiation well.
For example a person in front of a fire can warm up because of the light of the fire, even if the air is cold.
Another example of thermal radiation is the heat that comes from the Sun to the Earth.
Warmer things make more radiation, and the electromagnetic waves are shorter. Most things on Earth are warm enough to make infrared radiation. Incandescent light bulbs are so hot, their radiation includes visible light.
Central Division (NBA)

The Central Division is one of three divisions in the Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association, along with the Southeast Division and the Atlantic Division. The division consists of the Chicago Bulls, Cleveland Cavaliers, Detroit Pistons, Indiana Pacers, and the Milwaukee Bucks.
Ugyen Wangchuck

Gongsa Ugyen Wangchuck(, Wylie: o rgyan dbang phyug; 1862-1926) was the first King of Bhutan from 1907 to 1926. He was born in 1862 to Jigme Namgyal, Penlop (governor) of Trongsa and Ashi Pema Choki. He succeeded his father as Penlop of Trongsa. From his power base in central Bhutan, Ugyen Wangchuck defeated his political enemies and united the country following several civil wars and rebellions in 1882-1885.
In what was an epochal year for the country, in 1907 Ugyen Wangchuck was unanimously chosen as the hereditary monarch of the country by the people at Punakha, the old Capital of Bhutan.
For his services in mediating between the British and Tibetans during the Younghusband Expedition to Lhasa, Tibet, he was knighted by the British in 1904. He was appointed Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) in the 1921 New Year Honours, having already been appointed Knight Commander (KCIE) in 1904.
Perbromate

Perbromate is an ion. Its chemical formula is BrO4-. It contains bromine in its +7 oxidation state. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It is very unstable and turns into bromate and oxygen easily. It was first made by decay of a radioactive selenate. Later it was gotten by electrolysis of a bromate. It can also be made by oxidation of bromate with fluorine or xenon difluoride.
Arzens

Arzens is a commune of 1,238 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Lewiston, California

Lewiston is a census-designated place (CDP) in Trinity County, California. The population was 1,222 at the 2020 census.
Helen Frankenthaler

Helen Frankenthaler (1928-2011) was an American painter.
Biography
Frankenthaler was born in New York City on December 12, 1928. She began studying art when she was 15 years old. She went to the Dalton School in New York City. She then went to Bennington College.
Frankenthaler moved back to New York City in 1948. Frankenthaler met important New York Abstract painters including Willem de Kooning, Lee Krasner, Jackson Pollock, and Franz Kline. In the early 1950s Frankenthaler developed a style of painting she called "soak-stain" She made paintings by putting canvas on the floor and applying thin paint to the canvas. This would create a "stain" of color. The stained canvases were very large.
Frankenthaler's style influenced other painters like Morris Lewis and Kenneth Nolan. Their painting style was called Color Field painting. Frankenthaler is also known for her printmaking, including lithographs, etchings and screen prints.
In 1958 Frankenthaler married the painter Robert Motherwell. They divorced in 1971.
In 1960 Frankenthaler had a very big solo show at the Jewish Museum in New York City. In 1969 Frankenthaler had another big show at the Whitney Museum of American Art. In 1989 the Museum of Modern Art held a retrospective exhibition titled Helen Frankenthaler: A Paintings Retrospective.
Frankenthaler died in Darien, Connecticut on December 27, 2011.
Bacterial microcompartment

A bacterial microcompartment is a structure inside bacteria. They are made of a protein shell which surrounds and encloses various enzymes. They are similar to eukaryotic cell organelles, but do not have plasma membranes. They do not contain lipids.
These compartments are typically about 100-200 nanometres across and made of interlocking proteins.
Protein-enclosed compartments are also found in eukaryotes, such as enzyme encapsulation.
Google Stadia

Stadia is a cloud gaming service made by Google. Users are able to stream video games at up to 4K resolution at 60 frames per second.
Salam

Salam (, ), sometimes spelled salaam, is an Arabic word that literally means "peace", but is also used as a general greeting, above all in Arabian countries and by the Muslim countries around the world in general.
As-salamu 'alaykum () is a greeting in Arabic that means "peace be upon you". The greeting is a standard salutation among Muslims, whether socially or within worship and other contexts. The typical response to the greeting is wa-'alaykumu as-salam (wa`alaykumu 'lsaWlamu; "and upon you be peace"). The full version of the greeting is as-salamu 'alaykum wa-rahmatullahi wa-barakatuh (, "peace be upon you, as well as the mercy of God and His blessings"), with the full response being wa-'alaykum as-salam wa-rahmatullahi wa-barakatuh (). It is also preferred to use the greeting when arriving and also while leaving. It was reported that Abu Hurairah said "When one of you joins a gathering, let him say 'Peace'. When he wants to get up and leave, let him say 'Peace'. The former is not more important than the latter" (Hasan hadith reported in Jami' at-Tirmidhi).
According to hadith, Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) was asked who should begin the greeting and he said, "The one who is riding should greet the one who is walking and the one who is walking should greet the one who is sitting and the smaller group should greet the larger group" (Sahih al-Bukhari, 6234; Muslim, 2160).
It is also stated that one should give the Salam greeting upon entering a house. This is based upon a verse of the Quran: "But when you enter the houses, greet one another with a greeting from God blessed and good" (An-Nur24:61).
Shortening the greeting to acronyms, such as A.S., As'kum (in Malaysia), or AsA is becoming common amongst Internet users in chat rooms and by people using SMS. This trend is similar to writing (S) or SAWS in place of salla l-Lahi 'alayhi wa s-salam.
In addition, As-Salam is one of the 99 Names of God.
Tim Ryan

Tim, Timmy or Timothy Ryan may refer to:
Political figures
Tim Ryan, alternative pseudonym of American Communist Party leader Eugene Dennis (1905-1961)
Tim M. Ryan (born 1956), American Democratic Party legislator and county commissioner
Tim Ryan (born 1973), American Democratic Party legislator and 2020 presidential candidate
Sportspeople
Timmy Ryan (1910-1995), Irish hurler for Limerick
Tim Ryan (hurler) (born 1923), Irish hurler for Tipperary
Tim Ryan (sportscaster) (born 1939), Canadian-born American sportscaster
Tim Ryan (American football, born 1967) (born 1967), American defensive tackle and broadcaster
Tim Ryan (American football, born 1968) (born 1968), American offensive lineman
Tim Ryan (footballer) (born 1974), English footballer
Tim Ryan (rugby union) (born 1984), Irish rugby player
Others
Tim Ryan (actor) (1889-1956), American performer and scenarist
Timothy Ryan (newspaper publisher), American media executive (The Baltimore Sun)
Tim Ryan (1949-2016), Canadian musician, co-founder of band Jackson Hawke
Tim Ryan (engineer), American synthesizer engineer since 1970s, founder of M-Audio
L. Timothy Ryan (born 1958), American chef and president of the Culinary Institute of America
Tim Ryan (country musician) (born 1964), American country music singer-songwriter
Tim Ryan (recovery advocate) (born 1968), American activist, drug abuse interventionist, author and speaker
Fictional characters
Tim Ryan (Blue Heelers), portrayed by Grant Piro in 1998-99 on Australian TV series Blue Heelers
Scott Young (ice hockey b. 1965)

Scott Young (born May 26, 1965 in Oakville, Ontario) is a former professional ice hockey player who played in the minor leagues in North America and in Britain's top level leagues.
Money in the Bank (2011)

Money in the Bank (2011) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on July 17, 2011 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois. It was the second Money in the Bank event held by the WWE.
The main event between CM Punk and John Cena received a rare 5-star rating from Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter.
Phengodidae

Phengodidae is a family of glow-worm beetles. Their larvae are also glow-worms.
The family occurs only in the New World, and has about 30 genera. Both the females and larvae are bioluminescent: they have organs that can produce light. This family is different from the fireflies (family Lampyridae).
The larvae and the females (which keep their larval form) are predators. They feed on millipedes and other animals they find in the soil and litter. Males are winged. They are attracted to lights at night. They are probably short-lived and do not feed at all. In some species, adult males can also produce light. Females have organs that produce a green or yellow light on their trunks. Some of them (called railroad worms) also have such an organ in front, which can produce a red light.
The Queen of Spades (opera)

The Queen of Spades (, pronounced Pi-KO-va-ya DA-ma) is an opera by Tchaikovsky. It is based on a short story by Alexander Pushkin. Sometimes it is known by its German title Pique Dame.
When Tchaikovsky went to Paris in 1876, he saw Bizet's opera Carmen. He liked the story's themes of love and bad fate. The idea of fate is important to the opera Carmen and also to Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades. Tchaikovsky wrote some of his greatest music in this opera. Some of it is very graceful, and is similar to Mozart. In other places it is very romantic, with harmonies that he had learned by studying the operas of Wagner.
The story of the opera
Hermann, a young officer, sees a beautiful girl in the park and falls in love with her even though he does not know her. His friend tells him that the girl's name is Lisa, and that her grandmother is an old countess who used to gamble (play cards for money) when she was young. He says that people used to call the grandmother the "Queen of Spades", and that she knows a secret: she knows about the three cards which will always win the card game.
Hermann can only think of one thing: he wants to find out the secret of the three cards so that he can gamble and win lots of money. Then he will be able to marry Lisa. He hides himself in the grandmother's bedroom. When the grandmother goes to bed, he jumps out in front of her and tells her he wants to know the three cards. She is so scared that she dies before she can speak.
Later, the ghost of the grandmother comes to Hermann and tells him the three secret cards: Three, Seven, Ace. Hermann's mind is now on one thing: he must go to casino and play cards and win. Lisa drowns herself in a river. Hermann gambles all his money at the casino, saying "The life is only game and the sure is only death". The first two cards are the Three and the Seven, but the third card is not the Ace, it is the Queen of Spades. The old grandmother's ghost comes again to Hermann. Hermann kills himself.
The writing of the opera
Tchaikovsky's brother Modest helped him to prepare the libretto (words) for the opera. They changed some of Pushkin's story, making the love scenes important because he thought they would be good with emotional music. They also made it very dramatic by making Lisa drown herself in a canal and Hermann die at the gaming table. This is different to what happens in Pushkin's story.
Tchaikovsky wrote the opera very quickly. It took him just six weeks to sketch it (write the basic ideas). Then he spent a short time in Rome and when he returned, he wrote it out for orchestra in another six weeks.
Some of the music is quite Classical (Rococo) in character. At other times it can sound very Russian. In the supernatural scenes, Tchaikovsky uses the whole-tone scale like Glinka did in his operas.
The opera was first performed at the Mariinsky Theatre in St Petersburg on 19 December 1890.
China Gate (movie)

China Gate is a 1957 American action movie directed and written by Samuel Fuller and starring Gene Barry, Angie Dickinson, Nat King Cole, Lee Van Cleef and George Givot. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Tate (TV series)

Tate is an American western series that aired from 8 June to 14 September, 1960 on NBC for 13 episodes and one season. It starred Daniel McLean and was created by Harry Julian Fink of Dirty Harry fame.
Georges Braque

Georges Braque (Argenteuil, 13 May 1882 - Paris, 31 August 1963) was a major 20th century French painter and sculptor who, with Pablo Picasso, developed the art movement known as Cubism.
French art critic Louis Vauxcelles first used the term Cubism, or "bizarre cubiques", in 1908 after seeing a picture by Braque. He described it as 'full of little cubes', after which the term quickly gained wide use. Art historian Ernst Gombrich described cubism as "the most radical attempt to stamp out ambiguity, and to enforce one reading of the picture - that of a man-made construction, a colored canvas". The Cubist movement spread quickly throughout Paris and Europe.
A major idea of Braque's was the fractured stringed instrument as a cubist model. This he painted a number of times with variations, and made sculptures with fractured violins, guitars, etc., inside transparent acrylic (perspex) blocks. Examples:
Violin and Candlestick, Paris, spring 1910, at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
Woman with a Guitar, 1913. Musee National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
Mátyás Szűrös

Matyas Szuros (; born 11 September 1933) is a Hungarian politician. He was provisional President of the Republic from 23 October 1989 to 2 May 1990. His presidency occurred during Hungary's transition from Communism to democratic government.
Franco Latini

Franco Latini (12 September 1927 - 2 February 1991) was an Italian actor and voice actor. He was born in Pomezia, Italy. For many years, he gave his voice to many animated characters owned by Warner Bros., Disney and Hanna-Barbera. In his live action roles, he voiced Stan Laurel in the 1968-1970 Italian broadcasts of Laurel and Hardy.
Latini died of a stroke on 2 February 1991 at the age of 63. He was the father of Fabrizio Vidale, Laura Latini and Ilaria Latini.
Quintenas

Quintenas is a village and commune of the Ardeche departement in the center of southern France. The commune had a population of about 1,200 people as of the year 1999.
One Unit Scheme

One-Unit was the title of a scheme launched by the federal government of Pakistan to merge the four provinces of West Pakistan into one homogenous unit, as a counterbalance against the numerical domination of the ethnic Bengalis of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The One Unit scheme was announced by Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra on 22 November 1954. On 5 October 1955 Iskander Mirza (Acting Governor General of Pakistan) passed an order unifying all of West Pakistan in what became known as the 'One Unit Scheme'.
History
The province of North Pakistan was created on 30 October 1955 by the merger of the provinces, states and Tribal Areas of the western wing. The province was composed of twelve divisions and the provincial capital was established at Lahore. The province of East Bengal, (now Bangladesh) was renamed East Pakistan with the provincial capital at Dacca. The federal government moved the country's capital in 1959 from Karachi to Rawalpindi (serving as provisional capital until Islamabad was finished), whilst the federal legislature moved to Dacca.
West Pakistan formed a single and united political entity but with marked linguistic and ethnic distinctions. The One Unit policy was regarded as an administrative reform that would reduce expenditure and help eliminate ethnic and parochial prejudices. However, with the military coup of 1958, trouble loomed for the province when the office of Chief Minister was abolished on July 1, 1970 by President General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan.
Ramsey theory

The Ramsey theory is named after the British mathematician and philosopher Frank Ramsey (19031930). It is a branch of mathematics that studies the conditions under which order must appear.
Examples
A typical result in Ramsey theory starts with some mathematical structure that
is then cut into pieces. How big must the original structure be, so that at least one of the pieces has a given interesting property? This idea can be defined as partition regularity.
For example, consider a complete graph of order n; that is, there are n vertices and each vertex is connected to every other vertex by an edge. A complete graph of order 3 is called a triangle. Now colour every edge red or blue. How large must n be in order to ensure that there is either a blue triangle or a red triangle? It turns out that the answer is 6.
Another way to express this result is as follows: at any party with at least six people, there are three people who are either (a) mutual acquaintances (each one knows the other two) or (b) mutual strangers (each one does not know either of the other two).
Ramsey theory is now a complete branch of mathematics.
Meshech

Meshech is a person mentioned in the Bible, described in Genesis 10 as the son of Japheth, son of Noah.
Meshech in the Bible can also mean the tribe that came from his children, or the country where they lived, for example in Psalm 120:5. Many Bible Atlases such as IVP and Zondervan state it was in Asia Minor, while others say the Caucasus.
Stephen Colbert

Stephen Tyrone Colbert (pronounced col-BEAR) (born May 13, 1964) is an American actor, comedian, and author. He is the current host of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. He was the host of The Colbert Report on Comedy Central from 2005 through 2014. Colbert has used a special form of comedy called satire to make fun of politicians and the news media.
Early life
Colbert was born in Washington, D.C.. He grew up in Charleston, South Carolina. He was the youngest of eleven children in a Catholic family, and went to Northwestern University.
Career
The Colbert Report
On The Colbert Report (which he pronounces "col-BEAR re-POAR" to make the words sound the same), he pretends to be a right-wing talk show host. He likes to ask his guests very embarrassing questions that make it seem that he is a serious far right-wing conservative who is also not very smart. His TV personality centers on the idea that if enough people believe something, it will be true. This is largely based on conservative host Bill O'Reilly. He was granted a Super PAC for the South Carolina Republican Party primaries in the 2012 U.S. presidential election.
Many famous American politicians and people in the news media agree to appear on his show because it is very popular. Colbert started as a comedy writer and performer for many other programs, such as The Daily Show and the Strangers with Candy movie, both also on Comedy Central.
The Late Show
On April 10, 2014, CBS announced in a press release that Colbert will succeed David Letterman as the host of The Late Show, effective when Mr. Letterman retires from the broadcast." On January 12, 2015, CBS announced that Colbert would premiere as the Late Show host on Tuesday, September 8, 2015.
Other works
He has also voiced Phil Ken Sebben and Reducto in Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law. Colbert has written three books. I Am America (And So Can You!) was No. 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list.
Personal life
Colbert married his wife in 1993. He lives in Montclair, New Jersey with his wife and three children.
Legacy
He has made a word, 'truthiness'. At least four species have been given scientific names honoring Colbert.
Marc-Vivien Foé

Marc-Vivien Foe (1 May 1975 - 26 June 2003) is a former Cameroonian football player. He played for the Cameroonian national team.
Tommy (1931 movie)

Tommy () is a 1931 Soviet drama movie directed by Yakov Protazanov. The movie is based on the play Armoured Train 14-69 by Vsevolod Ivanov. It stars Aleksei Temerin, A. Zhutayev, and Mikhail Kedrov.
Tupolev TB-1

The Tupolev TB-1 (development name ANT-4) was a Soviet bomber aircraft produced by Tupolev.
Next Fijian general election

The next Fijian general election will be held either in or before 2026 to elect all 55 members of the Parliament of Fiji. It will be conducted by the Fiji Electoral Commission (FEC).
The incumbent coalition government between the People's Alliance (led by Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka), the National Federation Party (NFP; led by Biman Prasad) and the Social Democratic Liberal Party (SODELPA; which currently has no leader) will be trying to win a second term in government. They will be challenged by the FijiFirst party, led by Opposition Leader Inia Seruiratu.