kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
The Wizard of Oz

The Wizard of Oz is an American musical movie. It was produced by MGM and released by RKO in 1939. The movie is based on the children's book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum. This book was first published in May 1900. The book and movie are about a little girl's adventures in the land called Oz. This is still watched from 1939 to 2017.
The song "Over the Rainbow" won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. The movie was first televised in 1956. It became an annual Thanksgiving television special for many years. The movie was named the most-watched motion picture in history by the Library of Congress.
In 1998, the movie was sixth on the American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Movies list. The movie has been chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.
Story
Dorothy (Judy Garland) lives on a drab Kansas farm with her Auntie Em and Uncle Henry (Clara Blandick and Charlie Grapewin). A powerful storm sweeps her and her house away to the Land of Oz. Upon arriving, she arrives in a town of people called "munchkins". She soon realises that her house has crushed a witch and now the witch's magical ruby slippers belong to her. The good witch, Glinda (Billie Burke), tells her that only the Wizard of Oz (Frank Morgan) can send her back home.
She must go to the Emerald City to see him. She sets off on the Yellow Brick Road wearing the witch's ruby slippers. She makes three friends on the road: a Scarecrow, a Tin Man, and a Cowardly Lion (Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, and Bert Lahr).
On the way to Emerald City, the friends are tormented by The Wicked Witch of the West (Margaret Hamilton). She is the sister of the witch Dorothy killed. She wants the ruby slippers. Dorothy won't give the slippers to the witch. The friends arrive in Emerald City. The Wizard refuses to help them unless they defeat the Wicked Witch. The friends go to the Witch's castle and are captured. The Witch tries to torture the scarecrow with fire so Dorothy throws a bucket of water over the Witch, causing her to melt.
In the Emerald City, the four friends are welcomed as heroes. It is revealed that the Wizard is not actually magic and is instead just an ordinary scientist. The Wizard prepares his hot air balloon to take Dorothy back to Kansas. But the balloon takes off without her. The good witch called Glinda (Billie Burke) tells Dorothy she can go home by just clicking the heels of the ruby slippers together and thinking about home. She does this. She wakes up in her bed. Her adventures have been a dream.
Sudo (surname)

Sudo (Japanese: Xu Teng ) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with this name include:
Akiko Sudo - footballer
Shigemitsu Sudo - footballer
Daisuke Sudo - footballer
Yusuke Sudo - footballer
Japanese-language surnames
Philip Leder

Philip Leder (November 19, 1934 - February 2, 2020) was an American geneticist. He was born in Washington, D.C.. He was known for his works towards genetic code and the Nirenberg and Leder experiment. His many prizes include the Lasker Award (1987), the National Medal of Science (1991), the Harvey Prize, and the Heineken Prize awarded by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Institute of Medicine.
Leder died on February 2, 2020 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania of Parkinson's disease-related problems at the age of 85.
Badlands National Park

Badlands National Park is an American national park in southwestern South Dakota. The park protects of sharply eroded rocks, and the largest undisturbed prairie in the United States. The National Park Service manages the park. The South Unit is co-managed with the Oglala Lakota tribe.
The Badlands Wilderness protects of the park as a designated wilderness area. It is a site where the black-footed ferret, one of the most endangered mammals in the world, was reintroduced to the wild.
The South Unit, or Stronghold District, includes sites of 1890s Ghost Dances, a former United States Air Force bomb and gunnery range, and Red Shirt Table, the park's highest point at .
Authorized as Badlands National Monument on March 4, 1929, it was not established until January 25, 1939. Badlands was redesignated a national park on November 10, 1978.
The park also administers the nearby Minuteman Missile National Historic Site. The movies Dances with Wolves (1990) and Thunderheart (1992) were partially filmed in Badlands National Park.
Bruckberg, Middle Franconia

Bruckberg is a municipality in Ansbach, a district (Landkreis) in Middle Franconia.
Eaton Township Weis Markets shooting

In the morning of June 8, 2017, employees at a Weis Markets supermarket in Eaton Township, Pennsylvania were stocking and closing the store for the night. Shortly before 1:00 a.m., 24-year-old Randy Stair barricaded the exits of the store and started to shoot and kill three of his co-workers before shooting himself, Many people say that he thought he was going to reincarnated as a cartoon character from the Nicktoons series "Danny Phantom".
Victims
Victoria Brong, aged 26, mother and 2010 graduate of Tunkhannock High School. Assistant tag manager for Weis Markets.
Brian Hayes, aged 47, United States Navy veteran.
Terry Lee Sterling, aged 63.
Responses
After the shooting, Stairs' parents Robert Stair and Lori Anne Stair offered their condolences towards the victims family, Stairs father commented
Our thoughts and prayers are with the victims and their families. We are so sorry for all the pain and loss of life this has caused everyone involved.
Polyunsaturated fat

Polyunsaturated fats are fats that are usually found in items like fatty fish, nuts, and vegetable oils. Such items are typically found to be liquid at room temperature.
Chemistry
Polyunsaturated fats are long-chain organic compounds. Their molecules has more than one double bonds. The structure reduces the strength of the forces between molecules. This causes the items to have a lower melting point. This is why the items are usually liquid at room temperature.
Sigourney, Iowa

Sigourney (pronounced "SIGG-ur-nee") is a city in Keokuk County, Iowa, United States. At the 2012 census, 2,059 people lived there. It is the county seat of Keokuk County.
History
Keokuk County was opened for white people to live in, in 1843. The town got its start in 1844 when S.A. James built the first cabin there. Other families began to settle there as well, and in 1844, the town was named by county commissioner Dr. George H. Stone, in honour of a popular poet named Lydia Sigourney. A large oil-painted portrait of Lydia is still in the foyer of the county courthouse.
Geography
Sigourney's longitude and latitude coordinates in decimals are 41.333244, -92.203220.
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.6 km2). All of it is land.
Government
Sigourney is represented by Leonard Boswell in the United States House of Representatives.
THU

Thu is most often an abbreviation for Thursday.
It can also mean"
THU, Three-letter abbreviation for Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
THU, Three-letter abbreviation for Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Elio Toaff

Elio Toaff (30 April 1915 - 19 April 2015) was an Italian rabbi. He was the Chief Rabbi of Rome from 1951 to 2002. From 1947, he served as a rabbi in Venice. He had a friendship with Pope John Paul II, and attended his funeral in April 2005.
Toaff was born in Livorno. One of his children is Israeli-Italian professor Ariel Toaff (born 1942 in Ancona).
Toaff died on 19 April 2015 in Rome, aged 99.
Swabhiman - Shodh Astitvacha

Swabhiman - Shodh Astitvacha is an Indian television drama series aired on Star Pravah.
Carpeneto

Carpeneto is a comune in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Beyza County

Beyza County () is a county in Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 36,694, in 8,565 families. The county has one city: Beyza. The county has three rural districts (dehestan): Banesh Rural District, Beyza Rural District, and Kushk-e Hezar Rural District. The Beyza County was established on 2018 in Fars province.
Chris Pronger

Christopher Robert Pronger ( or ; born October 10, 1974) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is currently under contract with the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL)
Awards
OHL First All-Star Team - 1993
Max Kaminsky Trophy - 1993
CHL Plus/Minus Award - 1993
CHL Best defenceman - 1993
NHL All-Rookie Team - 1994
Bud Light NHL Plus/Minus Award - 1998, 2000
Played in NHL All-Star Game - 1999, 2000, 2001 (voted in as starter but injured), 2002, 2004, 2008
James Norris Memorial Trophy - 2000
Hart Trophy (MVP) - 2000
NHL First All-Star Team - 2000
NHL Second All-Star Team - 1998, 2004, 2007
2002 Winter Olympics - Won Olympic Gold with Team Canada
Stanley Cup - 2007
2010 Winter Olympics - Won Olympic Gold with Team Canada
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
All-Star Games
Alberto Ongaro

Alberto Ongaro (22 August 1925 - 23 March 2018), also known by his pseudonym Alfredo Nogara, was an Italian journalist, writer and comics writer. He was born in Venice, Italy. He also worked for Il Corriere dei Piccoli. As a journalist, he has been a foreign correspondent of L'Europeo, and he also wrote historical and adventure books, including La taverna del doge Loredan (1980), La partita (1986) and the latest Il ponte della solita ora (2006).
Ongaro died on 23 March 2018 in Venica of pneumonia at the age of 92.
Broken English

Broken English, or Engrish is a variant of the English language by people who do not speak English very well.
The term may refer to spoken English, and it can also describe written English. In Japan, it is common to add English text to items for decorative and fashion purposes.
The term Engrish first appears as an Asian mispronunciation of the word English in the 1940s. It was not until the 1980s that it began to be used to as a byname for defective Asian English. The related term "wasei-eigo" means made-up English words that have entered into everyday Japanese.
Broken English can be found in East Asian countries, and also many places in other places where a lot of East Asians live. Broken English has been found on many things from poorly translated signs, menus, and manuals to strangely worded advertisements, food items, and strange t-shirt slogans. Broken English also sometimes happens when a word or sentence is badly translated on the Internet.
L'Oudon

L'Oudon is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Pierre-en-Auge.
William M. Gray

William "Bill" Mason Gray (October 9, 1929 - April 16, 2016) was Emeritus Professor of Atmospheric Science at Colorado State University (CSU), and the head of the Tropical Meteorology Project at CSU's Department of Atmospheric Sciences. He was widely regarded as a pioneer in the science of forecasting hurricanes and one of the world's leading experts on tropical storms. After retiring as a faculty member at CSU in 2005, Gray remained actively involved in both climate change and tropical cyclone research until his death.
Gray died in Fort Collins, Colorado on April 16, 2016, aged 86.
Function space

In mathematics, a function space is a set of functions of a given kind from a set X to a set Y. For example:
In set theory, the set of functions from X to Y may be written X - Y or YX.
Mia Todorović

Mia Todorovic (born 22 June 1990) is a Croatian national volleyball player.
She played at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship. and 2013 CEV Volleyball European Championship.
She played for Zok Rijeka and OTP Banka Pula.
James Quincey

James Robert B. Quincey (born 8 January 1965) is a British businessman. He joined The Coca-Cola Company in 1996. He was later named chief operating officer (COO). He is now the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) at the company.
Jan Kobuszewski

Jan Kobuszewski (19 April 1934 - 28 September 2019) was a Polish actor and comedian. In 1963, he began co-hosting with Jan Kociniak the first satirical TV show on Polish television, Wielokropek. He would also co-star with Kociniak in the comedy series Czterdziestolatek (1974-1977).
Kobuszewski was awarded the Order of Polonia Restituta, one of Poland's highest Orders, and many other Orders, including Gold Cross of Merit and Medal for Long Marital Life.
He died on 28 September 2019, aged 85.
Cuvette

A cuvette is a kind of laboratory glassware, usually a small tube of circular or square cross shape, closed at one end and open at the other, made of plastic, glass, or optical grade quartz and made to hold samples for spectroscopic experiments. The best cuvettes are as clear as possible, without impurities that might affect a spectroscopic reading. Like a test tube, a cuvette may be open to the air on top or have a glass or other material to close it.
T2 phage

T2 phage is more properly called Enterobacteria phage T2. It is a virulent bacteriophage which infects Escherichia coli bacteria.
It contains linear double-stranded DNA, and is covered by a protective protein coat. T2 is a 'tailed phage', one of a group known as the 'T4-like viruses'.
The DNA of the phage is injected into E. coli cells. It quickly turns the E. coli cell into a T2-producing factory. New phages are released when the cell ruptures.
The Hershey-Chase experiments, done by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, showed how the DNA of viruses is injected into the bacterial cells, while most of the viral proteins stay outside. The injected DNA molecules cause the bacterial cells to produce more viral DNA and proteins. These discoveries showed that DNA, rather than proteins, is the hereditary material.
Arni, Bern

Arni is a municipality of the administrative district Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne, Switzerland.
Sebastián Jabif

Sebastian Jabif is a volleyball player from Argentina. Sebastian competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He was born on 24 January 1973.
Father's day

Father's Day is a celebration honoring fathers. It celebrates fatherhood, paternal bonds, and the influence of fathers in society. Many countries celebrate it on the third Sunday of June, but it is also celebrated widely on other days. Father's Day complements Mother's Day, a celebration honoring mothers.ln almost all country fathers day is celebrated.
Paul Shaffer

Paul Allen Wood Shaffer (born November 28, 1949) is a Canadian-American musician, actor, author, composer, entertainer, and comedian. He is known being the composer for the CBS Orchestra and being the sidekick of David Letterman on the Late Show with David Letterman.
Shaffer was born on November 28, 1949 in Toronto, and raised in Fort William (now part of Thunder Bay), Ontario, Canada, to a Jewish family. He studied at the University of Toronto. Shaffer married Cathy Vasapoli in 1990. They have two children. He now lives in New York City, New York.
Violet, Louisiana

Violet is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Nina Fyodorova

Nina Viktorovna Baldycheva (; 18 July 1947 - 27 January 2019) was a Russian cross-country skier. She competed from 1970 to 1980. She won three medals at the Winter Olympics with a gold in the 4x5 km (1976), a silver in the 4x5 km (1980), and a bronze in the 5 km (1976).
In the relay in 1976, she injured her left hand in a fall at the start, but completed the race. She was born in Travino, Pskov Oblast, Russia.
Fyodorova died on 27 January 2019 in Saint Petersburg, aged 71.
Santa Maria, California

Santa Maria is a city in Santa Barbara County, in Southern California. In 2020, about 109,707 people lived there. Alice Patino is the mayor.
Servins

Servins is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Hyloscirtus armatus

The armed tree frog (Hyloscirtus armatus) is a frog. It lives in cloud forests on the Andes mountains in South America. Scientists have seen it as far north as Peru and as far south as the middle of Bolivia. Scientists have seen it between 1700 and 2400 meters above sea level.
Barbados at the Olympics

Barbados was first at the Summer Olympic Games in 1968.
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Barbados was BAD. It is now is BAR.
History
Athletes from Barbados have been in each Games since then, missing only the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics. The country's only Olympic medal is a bronze won by sprinter Obadele Thompson at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Barbados was part of the West Indies Federation in 1960. Barbadian athlete James Wedderburn was part of the 4 x 400 m relay team which won the bronze medal that year.
Barbados has been in the Winter Olympic Games since 2002.
Alexandre Kalache

Alexandre Kalache is a volleyball player from Brazil. Alexandre competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born on 28 February 1952.
The Last Victim (1975 movie)

The Last Victim () is a 1975 Soviet movie directed by Pyotr Todorovsky and stars Margarita Volodina, Oleg Strizhenov, and Mikhail Gluzsky.
Christine Wormuth

Christine Wormuth (born April 19, 1969) is an American federal government official. In 2021, Wormuth became the 25th United States Secretary of the Army during the Joe Biden administration. She was the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy from 2014 to 2016 during the Barack Obama presidency.
In April 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Wormuth to be the 25th United States Secretary of the Army and if confirmed, she would be the first woman to hold that role. She was confirmed on May 26, 2021.
Raul Maldonado

Raul Maldonado (born March 11, 1975) is a former Argentine football player.
Zach Blair

Zach Blair (born December 26, 1974) is the lead guitarist and co-composer for Chicago-based hardcore punk band Rise Against. Before joining Rise Against in early 2007, Blair was a member of hardcore punk group called Only Crime along with his brother, Doni Blair who currently plays with the Toadies. He has also been a 2nd touring guitarist for The Loved Ones and was the 2nd guitarist on the instrumental band "The Mag Seven's" album "The Future Is Ours, If You Can Count".
Blair is a vegetarian, an animal rights advocate and actively promotes PETA with the other members of Rise Against. Their newest release, Appeal to Reason is Rise Againsts' first album with Blair.
Ceremonial first pitch

A ceremonial first pitch is a tradition in baseball. It is when a special person throws a ball to mark the start of the game. The person used to throw the ball to the pitcher of the home team from their seat. This changed when United States President Ronald Reagan threw a pitch from the field, similar to how a pitcher threw the ball. Because of Reagan, the person now stands in front of the pitcher's mound and throws the ball to home plate. The person who catches the ball is often from the home team. The tradition was first done in the United States in the 1800s.
The person is often a celebrity or other important person who is at the game. It may also be an important person from a company to gives money to the baseball team, or somebody who won a contest to throw the first pitch. Sometimes many first pitches are thrown.
Nicolas Berejny

Nicolas Berejny (born 27 June 1968) is a skier from France. He has a disability. He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the first skier to finish in the visually impaired men's downhill race. He was the third skier to finish in the men's visually impaired Super-G race. Because he cannot see, Gregory Nouhaud was his guide and told him where to when going down the mountain.
Felinae

The Felinae is a subfamily of the Felidae family. It includes small cats and a few medium-large cats, especially the cougar (Puma concolor) and the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus).
Absecon, New Jersey

Absecon is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, 7,638 people lived in it.
Liberty

Liberty means the condition in which an individual has the ability to act following his or her own will and alternatively, achieve their potential, within the context of other words like political freedom. It is a term that has contested meanings.
Communism and socialism claim to have something defined as liberty for them because of their social equality ideals. Libertarians and classical liberals think communism is against Liberty because communism is most of the times against the individual basic rights (life, freedom and property).
Classical liberalism conceptions of liberty conceive mainly of the freedom of the individual from outside compulsion in terms of freedom from restraint and social liberalist perspective, on the other hand, highlights the need for social and economic equality, as in the power and resources to fulfill one's potential. As such, a social connects liberty (i.e. freedom) to the equal distribution of political power (i.e. democracy) in the sense of positive liberty. They argue that liberty without equality means the domination of the most powerful. Thus, freedom and democracy are seen as connected and ultimately, antagonistic.
John Stuart Mill, in his work, On Liberty, was the first to recognize the difference between liberty as the freedom to act and liberty as not being forced to do something. Mill also sought to define the "nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual" and as such, he describes an inherent and continuous antagonism between liberty and authority and thus, the prevailing question becomes "how to make the fitting adjustment between individual independence and social control".
Types of freedom
There are mainly ten types of Freedom. They are:
Freedom of association
Freedom of belief
Freedom of the press
Freedom of religion
Freedom from bondage and slavery
Freedom of movement
Freedom of education
Freedom of marriage
Freedom of rebellion
The civil constitutions of each country have different definitions of the freedoms allowed to the citizens. It has been argued that any law and any government limits freedom, since it sets limits on what people may do.
Arun Jaitley

Arun Jaitley (28 December 1952 - 24 August 2019) was an Indian politician. He was the Minister of Finance and Minister of Corporate Affairs from 2014 to 2019. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was the Minister of Defence from in 2014 and in 2017. From 2009 to 2014 he was the Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha.
Jaitley had diabetes. In January 2019, Jaitley was diagnosed with a rare form of soft-tissue cancer and had treatment in New York.
On 9 August 2019, he was hospitalized in New Delhi under critical condition for respiratory problems. He died on 24 August at the hospital, aged 66. The cause of death was problems caused by diabetes.
Moundou

Moundou is the capital of the Logone Occidental in Chad. It has a population of 99,530 as of 2003. Moundou lies on one of the main roads in southern Chad. It is the main city of the Ngambai people. Moundou is a center for industry and makes cotton and oil.
Guangdong

Guangdong () is a province on the southern coast of China. The meaning of the name in Chinese is "east of the expanse" or "expanse's east". It has a higher population and GDP than any other province in China. Its capital city is Guangzhou. Guangdong has 49 districts, 30 county-level cities, 42 counties, and three autonomous counties.
Guangdong has an area of 177,900 km2 (68,700 sq mi) and is the 15th biggest province in China. In 2008, more than 95,440,000 people were living in Guangdong. They speak several different kinds of dialects. More than half of the people speak Yue Chinese, which is also the main dialect in the neighboring Hong Kong, while Min Chinese and Hakka Chinese each has about 20% of the total speakers.
The shortened name for Guangdong is Yue (Yue ), since Guangxi also shares the first word "Guang" (Yan ), meaning "expanse".
Nera (Tiber)

The Nera () is a river in central Italy that starts in the Marche region but flows mainly through the Umbria region. It is the main tributary of the Tiber river.
Geography
The Nera river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .
Course
The Nera river starts in the Monti Sibillini, within the Monti Sibillini National Park (), at an elevation of about ., in the comune of Castelsantangelo sul Nera, Province of Macerata, Marche.
The river flows through the comuni of Castelsantangelo sul Nera, Viso and Ussita in the Marche and then, after about , it flows in the Umbria. After flowing through the province of Perugia, it gets in the province of Terni and keeps flowing to the east and flows through the city of Terni.
After flowing through the city of Narni, it gets into the Lazio region (Province of Viterbo) and soon finally flows in the Tiber river as a left tributary near the city of Orte.
Main tributaries
Only the tributaries coming from the left of the Nera are of some importance; those coming from the right are small streams.
Bandy World Championship for men

The Bandy World Championship is a competition between bandy-playing nations. The tournament is administrated by the Federation of International Bandy.
Bandy has been played since the 19th century, but the first world championship for men were only played in 1957, and the first world championship for women were only played in 2004.
Bandy was held as a demonstration sport at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. This Olympic bandy tournament had no world championship status.
The first ever Bandy World Championship was organised in 1957. It was played at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium in Finland.
From 19612003, the bandy world championship for men were played once every two years, but since 2003 the bandy world championship for men has been played once every year.
Richerenches

Richerenches is a commune of 616 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Vaucluse department. This in the south of France.
Motion sensor

A motion sensor is a sensor device. It is used for studying motions. It is connected to a data-logger. The data-logger is connected to a computer. The computer runs a data-logging program. The computer is connected to power, and a security system. Motion sensors have many uses including security.
Applications for movement sensor technology include clinical, workplace safety & athletic sports.
Meme

A meme ( ) is an idea or belief which spreads because one person copies it from another.
One idea is that culture builds in a way similar to living things. An example would be how viruses spread to different organisms. Memes change as they go, creating controversy, and sculpting society. Just as a virus would, memes evolve from their state, being photoshopped, and exaggerated. Memes can be about anything.
Biologist and evolutionary theorist Richard Dawkins invented the word meme in 1976. He said that tunes, catch-phrases, beliefs, clothing fashions, ways of making pots, and the technology of building arches were all examples of memes.
Examples of memes
Technology: cars, paper-clips, etc. The progress of technology is a bit like genetics, because it has spread by 'mutations' or changes to progress. For example, many paper-clip designs have been made. Some last longer than others, and some look better than others. In the end the ones that are copied are a memetic success.
Jokes spread and change the more they are told.
Proverbs
Gossip
Nursery rhymes: passed on from parent to child over many generations (thus keeping old words such as "tuffet" and "chamber" popular when they are not used today).
Epic poems: once important memes for preserving oral history; writing has largely superseded their oral transmission.
Conspiracy theories
Recipes
Fashions
Religions: complex memes, including folk religious beliefs, such as The Prayer of Jabez.
Popular concepts: these include Freedom, Justice, Ownership, Open Source, Egoism, or Altruism
Group-based biases: everything from anti-semitism and racism to cargo cults.
Longstanding political memes such As "mob rule", national identity, Yes Minister and "republic, not a democracy".
Programming paradigms: from structured programming and object-oriented programming to extreme programming.
Internet phenomena: Internet slang. "Internet memes" propagate quickly among users using email, websites, blogs, discussion boards and other Internet communications as a medium.
Moore's Law: this meme is particularly interesting. The original law was "semiconductor complexity doubles every 18 months". It described growth in terms of the number of transistors on a chip.
Metameme: The concept of memes itself is a meme.
Anecdotes: Short jokes or other stories.
Phrases; and common expressions.
Viral marketing: A type of marketing based on memes and using "word of mouth" to advertise (see the recent example of Snakes on a Plane).
Ottoneum

The Ottoneum in Kassel, Germany is a building. It was the first theater building in Germany. It is now a museum of natural history.
Corpus cavernosum clitoridis

The corpus cavernosum clitoridis is one of two sponge-like tissue found in the body of the clitoris. It is similar to the corpus cavernosum penis in the male.
The female has no corpus spongiosum, but instead two vestibular bulbs beneath the skin at the entrance to the vagina, which expand at the same time as the glans clitoris.
Each corpus is connected to the blood vessels of the pubic bone and hip bone by the clitoris.
Physiology
Sometimes, release of nitric oxide relaxes muscles around the vagina, called sexual arousal. More blood flows in through the corpus cavernosum and the clitoris is filled with blood. This leads to better sensitivity.
2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup

The 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup was the 17th edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup which was hosted by Egypt. The competition was from 24 September to 16 October 2009. The tournament was initially going to take place between 10 and 31 July. The 2009 Confederations Cup was played mid year resulting in both the 2009 Under-20 and the Under-17 World Cup being played towards the end of the year. The cup was won by Ghana after they defeated Brazil on a penalty shoot-out in the final.
Player eligibility
Only players born on or after 1 January 1989 were eligible to compete in the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Venues
Qualification
Twenty-three teams qualified for the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup. As the host team, Egypt received automatic entry to the cup, bringing the total number of teams to twenty-four for the tournament.
1.Teams that made their debut.
Match officials
Squads
Allocation of teams to groups
Teams were allocated to groups on the basis of geographical spread. Teams were placed in four pots, and one team was drawn from each pot for each group. Pot 1 contained the five African teams plus one from CONMEBOL; Pot 2 contained the remaining teams from the Americas excluding one CONCACAF team; Pot 3 consisted of teams from Asia and Oceania plus the remaining CONCACAF team; Pot 4 consisted of teams from the European confederation.
Group stage
The draw for the group stages was held on 5 April 2009 at Luxor Temple. Each group winner and runner-up teams, as well as the best four third-placed teams, qualified for the first round of the knockout stage (round of 16).
Moller's tree frog

The Iberian tree frog or Moller's tree frog (Hyla molleri) is a frog from Europe. Scientists saw it in Spain, Portugal and France.
Joe Nichols

Joseph Edward "Joe" Nichols (born November 26, 1976) is an American country music artist. Nichols was born and grew up in Rogers, Arkansas. His father played in a local country music band. As a teenager he played in a rock band and was also a disc jockey. He signed with Intersound Records in 1996 and released his first album the same year. He didn't have his first hit record until 2002, however. In 2003 Nichols was named "Top New Male Vocalist" by the Academy of Country Music. He also received two Grammy Award nominations and a third in 2004.
Skunk Works

Skunk Works is an official pseudonym for Lockheed Martin's Advanced Development Programs (ADP). The program was formerly called Lockheed Advanced Development Projects. It is in charge of a few aircraft type designs. These includes the U-2, the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird, the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk, Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, and the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. These aircrafts are used in several countries' air forces.
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure

Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure is a 1989 American science fiction comedy movie directed by Stephen Herek and written by Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon. It stars Keanu Reeves, Alex Winter, and George Carlin.
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure received generally positive reviews, and was a success at the box office.
A sequel, Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey was released in July 1991. A third film, Bill & Ted Face the Music is in development and is scheduled to be released in August 2020.
Siemomysł

Siemomysl - (about 900~ to 950~) leader of Polan tribe,duke of Poland, father of Mieszko I.
How we know about him
In the Gallus Anonymous Chronicle we can read about him as a Duke of Polans before Mieszko I. He is also mentioned in many other chronicles.
What we know about him
We don't know a lot about him. Perhaps he caused the wkrzanie uprising in germany. He centralized the country a lot, beacause before baptism of Poland, this country was quite centralized as a Pagan country. He probably also conquered Goplans and Mazovians.
ProSci Incorporated

ProSci is an American biotechnology company with offices located in Poway, California.
The Poway site focuses on manufacturing antibodies for use in research studies leading to diagnostics and therapy development. They specialize in producing a range of antibodies using polyclonal, monoclonal, and recombinant production techniques. ProSci has been a pioneer in the development of commercially available single domain antibodies (VHH - variable heavy chain) derived from camelid species, including llamas and alpacas.
History
ProSci Incorporated was co-founded in 1998 by Yu Geng, M.D. with the mission to develop neutralizing antibodies against emergent viruses. Their innovative approach using genetically engineered yeast strains and glycoproteins to mimic the HIV-1 glycan coat led to the development of neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 glycans.
Early in 2020, ProSci was one of only a handful of companies that had antibodies available that recognized key proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Their reagents led to key discoveries on the mechanism of entry as well as neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Today, ProSci continues to offer tens of thousands of antibodies and custom antibody services to help researchers advance discoveries in the life sciences.
Vermillion, Minnesota

Vermillion is a city in Dakota County, Minnesota, United States.
Sommaing

Sommaing () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. In 2019, 403 people lived there.
Bill Peduto

William Mark Peduto (born October 30, 1964) is an American politician. He was the 60th Mayor of Pittsburgh. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Before being mayor, he was a member of the Pittsburgh City Council from 2002 until 2014.
In the 2013 election, Peduto won the mayoral election by winning 84% of the vote. After being elected Mayor to succeed the outgoing Luke Ravenstahl, Peduto was inaugurated in January 2014. In the 2017 election, he was re-elected to a second term as Mayor, winning 96% of the vote.
Papaver bracteatum

Papaver bracteatum, also known as the Iranian poppy and Persian poppy and the great scarlet poppy This species is grown to produce thebaine, which is commercially converted to codeine and semi-synthetic opiates. Papaver bracteatum does not contain morphine, codeine or any other narcotic alkaloids in significant amounts. Oripavine has been reported in minute traces but would not exert a relevant activity.
Hosei Norota

was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the People's New Party. He served in the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). He was the Director-General of the national Defense Agency from 1998 to 1999. From 1995 to 1996, he served as the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Tomiichi Murayama's cabinet. He was born in Noshiro, Akita.
Norota died of bladder cancer on 23 May 2019 in Tokyo. He was 89.
Kanto Wanderer

is a 1963 Japanese yakuza movie directed by Seijun Suzuki and starring Akira Kobayashi, Chieko Matsubara, Daizaburo Hirata, Toru Abe, Hiroko Ito. It was distributed by Nikkatsu.
Tiraspol

Tiraspol (Russian: Tiraspol' and Ukrainian: Tiraspil') is the second biggest city of Moldova and the capital city of Transnistria.
MacBook (2015–2019)

The MacBook Retina is a laptop computer made by Apple Inc.. It was introduced in March 2015. It was released on April 4, 2015.
Design
The MacBook Retina is designed to be thin. It is 13.1 mm at its thickest point. It has an Intel Core M processor, which is designed for computers like this and does not need a fan or something else to cool it. It has a 12-inch 2304x1440 "Retina Display", a keyboard, and a trackpad that is able to do different things if you put more pressure on it. It has a different battery than in other Apple devices because it is so thin. It has one USB "Type C" port, and a headphone jack.
Biesheim

Biesheim is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Newspaper

A newspaper is a publication printed on paper and issued regularly, usually once a day or once a week. It gives information and opinions about current events and news. Usually people like to read them to stay informed about their local city, state or country. Newspapers can be delivered to one's home, by subscription. One also can buy a newspaper at a store or at a newsstand. Recycling of paper is common. It may be converted to new paper, for example.
Newspapers usually have many topics. They usually include political events, crime, business, sports, and weather news. Newspapers use photographs to illustrate stories; and also often include comics and other entertainment, such as crosswords and horoscopes. Many have opinion sections. These sections print the opinions of people who work for the newspaper. The opinions, which are usually on stories in the news, are called editorials. Opinion sections usually also print short letters from people who read the newspaper.
Hubert Hammerer

Hubert Hammerer (10 September 1925 - 24 March 2017) was an Austrian sports shooter. He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics in five rifle events and won a gold medal in 300 m 3 positions in 1960. He was the Olympic flag bearer for Austria at the 1964 Games.
Hammerer died in Vienna on 24 March 2017, aged 91.
Friday Night Lights (movie)

Friday Night Lights is a 2004 American sports drama movie co-written and directed by Peter Berg. The movie is about the coach and players of a high school football team in Odessa, Texas. The movie is based on the book Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream (1990) by H. G. Bissinger.
The movie stars Billy Bob Thornton as Coach Gary Gaines. Tim McGraw and Amber Heard also star in this movie.
A television series of the same name came out on October 3, 2006 on NBC. It is seen as one of the best high school movies ever made.
Back to the Future Part III

Back to the Future Part III is a 1990 American science fiction Western movie directed by Robert Zemeckis. It is the third and final movie for the Back to the Future trilogy. It stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Mary Steenburgen, Thomas F. Wilson, Crispin Glover and Lea Thompson.
Plot
A lightning bolt sends 1985 Doc and the time machine from 1955 back to 1885. Marty finds the time machine where Doc hid it. He soon finds out that the Doc is shot by Buford 'Mad Dog' Tannen and goes back to 1885 to save Doc.
Corrosion of Conformity

Corrosion of Conformity (sometimes called COC) is an American heavy metal band. The band was made in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1982. The band has made ten albums and four extended plays.
High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina

The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, together with the Office of the High Representative (OHR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, were created in 1995 immediately after the signing of the Dayton Agreement which ended the 1992-1995 Bosnian War. The purpose of the High Representative and the OHR is to make sure civilian follow the Dayton agreement.
Urbi et Orbi

Urbi et Orbi ("to the City of Rome and to the World") was a standard opening of proclamations in Imperial Rome.
Now Urbi et Orbi refers to a papal address and Apostolic Blessing that is addressed to the City of Rome and to the entire world from the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. Usually they are only given at Christmas and Easter, but also the first speech of a new pope is Urbi et Orbi, and sometimes one is given to special gatherings of pilgrims in Rome and during Holy Years
The blessing after the speech is given in Latin, and usually many other languages too. Catholics who listen to the blessing, either because they are present at the Vatican or because they are listening to the radio or television broadcasts, have their sins forgiven because the blessing includes a plenary indulgence.
Northern flicker

The northern flicker is a large sized woodpecker bird with a slim and rounded head.
Color
Flickers appear to be brownish. The color of their underside of the wing and tail feathers varies, for example bright yellow for eastern birds, or red in western birds.
Owen Morris

Owen Dylan Morris (born 13 May 1968 in Caernarfon, Wales) is a music producer who has worked with rock bands like Oasis and The Verve.
He started working in the music industry as a sound engineer at Spaceward Studio in Cambridge when he was 16. He continued as an engineer until 1994 when he started producing some work for Oasis at the end of the Definitely Maybe sessions. Morris continued working with Oasis for their next two albums (What's the Story) Morning Glory? and Be Here Now. Morris appears on the cover of (What's the Story) Morning Glory? holding the album's master tape.
He also produced The Verve album A Northern Soul, Ash's 1977 and the debut United Kingdom album, For God's Sake for the singer Sek Loso. In 2000 he recorded and produced Ash's album Free All Angels. He produced The Paddingtons debut album "First Comes First," which was released in October 2005 on Poptones Records. In the early summer of 2006 he produced Hats Off to the Buskers, the debut album of The View through Columbia Records.
He developed an engineering technique called "Brick Walling" on Definitely Maybe. The effect made Definitely Maybe louder than other albums at the time. The NME described the resulting sound as "an ear-splitting sonic stew".
Ziauddin Ahmed Bablu

Ziauddin Ahmed Bablu (31 December 1954 - 2 October 2021) was a Bangladeshi politician. He is a member of Jatiya Party. He was a Jatiya Sangsad member. He was the Cabinet Minister for Energy in the 1980s. He became an advisor to the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in November 2013.
On 7 September 2021, Bablu was hospitalized with COVID-19. He died from the infection in Dhaka on 2 October 2021, aged 66.
Secretary of State for Transport

The Secretary of State for Transport is the member of the cabinet responsible for the British Department for Transport. The role has had a high turnover as new appointments are blamed for the failures of decades of their predecessors. The office used to be called the Minister of Transport, and has been merged with the Department for the Environment at various times.
Antoni Lange

Antoni Lange (1861 or 1863 - March 17, 1929), was a Polish poet, translator and mystic philosopher of the Symbolism and Parnassianism movements. He was regarded as a "great master of reflective poetry". He spoke 15 languages. His pen-names were Antoni Wrzesien and Napierski. Although Lange was not a particularly famed author, many people call him "a magican of lyrical form" because of his unquestionable mastery in using rare poetic forms and innovation,s which makes him a pioneer of modern collage and even imagism movement.
As a religious thinker Lange was one of the first to make people interested in Indian philosophy and literature in Poland. His existential reflection of "universal pain" (wszechcierpienie) unites Christian mysticism with traditions of Buddhism.
Lange was also an uncle of the poet Boleslaw Lesmian.
Life
He was born in 1861 or 1863 into a patriotic Jewish family who were heavily influenced by the messianic ideals of Romantic Polish poets, especially Adam Mickiewicz. In 1830, his father Henri Lange took part in the November Uprising.
"Lange's own poems did not win him recognition, and the last phase of his life was poisoned by feelings of bitterness". He never married and had no children.
Works
Eternal solitaries - human souls,
Solitaries blown astray;
Each wanders through the Milky Way,
Each in her finite circle rolls.
Like wandering planets they gaze
At one another in the sky's blue halls;
Each in her finite circle rolls,
But never from her orbit sways.
Matz Bladhs

Matz Bladhs is a dansband from the town of Falkenberg in Sweden. The band was founded in 1968.
Tula

Tula may refer to:
Geography
Antarctica
Tula Mountains
Tula Point
India
Tula, a solar month in the traditional Indian calendar
Iran
Tula, Iran, a village in Hormozgan Province
Italy
Tula, Sardinia, municipality (comune) in the province of Sassari, Italy
Kenya
Garba Tula, town in Northern Kenya
Garba Tula Airport
Mexico
Atotonilco de Tula, city and municipality of Hidalgo
Roman Catholic Diocese of Tula
Tula (Mesoamerican site), the Toltec capital
Tula de Allende, the modern city in Hidalgo state
Tula, Tamaulipas, town in the state of Tamaulipas
Tula Municipality, municipality of Tamaulipas
Tula River, in central Mexico
Union de Tula, municipality in Jalisco in central-western Mexico
Mongolia
Tula, also Tola, variant transcriptions of Tuul River
Russia
Tula Oblast, a federal subject of Russia
Tula, Russia, a city and the administrative center of Tula Oblast
Tula Governorate, administrative division of the Russian Empire (1796-1929)
Tula electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917)
United States
Tula, Mississippi, unincorporated place in Lafayette County
Tula, American Samoa, a village in eastern Tutuila
People
Tula people, Native American tribe
Tula language, Savanna language of eastern Nigeria
First names
Tula (Curacao) (fl. 1795), leader of the Curacao slave revolt
Rao Tula Ram (1825-1863), Indian rebellion leader
Tula Benites, Peruvian politician
Tula Giannini, American academic and musicologist
Tula Lotay, pen name of English comic book writer Lisa Wood
Tula Rodriguez, Peruvian dancer, actress and model
Tula Small (born 1984), Australian singer/songwriter and TV personality
Tulisa (born 1988), full name Tula Paulinea Contostavlos, English singer/songwriter, actress, and TV personality
Surnames
Cristian Tula (born 1978), Argentine football player
Turab Tula (1918-1990), Soviet Uzbek writer
Stagenames
Caroline Cossey a.k.a. "Tula" (born 1954), an English model, transgender woman, and documentary producer
Tula (1903-1992), Native American dancer, birth name Gertrude Prokosch Kurath
Other uses
"Tula", track from the 1994 Cusco album Apurimac II
Tula massacre, 1981 incident in the Mexican state of Hidalgo
8985 Tula, main-belt asteroid
Russian submarine K-114 Tula, Russian nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine
Tula: The Revolt, a 2013 historical drama film of the slave revolt led by Tula
Tula Arms Plant, a Russian weapons manufacturer
Tula (brig), ship of the English mariner and explorer John Biscoe (1794-1843)
Tula pryanik, type of Russian gingerbread
Tula, pink Hoob on the popular children's TV show
Tula, the real name of superheroine Aquagirl from DC Comics
Tula Springs, fictional town in a series of novels by the James Wilcox
Tula prison break, a 2021 prison escape in Tula de Allende, Hidalgo, Mexico
Tula, synonym of the genus Nolana in the family Solanaceae
Tula, Chilean Spanish slang for "penis"
Tula, a month in the Darian calendar
See also
Tola (disambiguation)
Tulsky (disambiguation)
Toula (disambiguation)
Thule
Agarn

Agarn (Walliser German: Agaru) is a municipality of the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
362

362 was a common year in the Julian calendar.
Events
An earthquake strikes Nicaea (Turkey).
An earthquake strikes Al-Karak (Jordan).
Ferriday, Louisiana

Ferriday is a town in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, United States.