kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Hōei eruption

The started on December 16, 1707 (23rd day of the 11th month of the year Hoei 4) and ended about January 1, 1708 (9th day of the 12th month of the year Hoei 4) during the Edo period. There was no lava flow, but the Hoei eruption released at least 800 million cubic meters of volcanic ash. This ash spread over very large areas around the volcano. It even reached Edo almost 100 km away. Cinders and ash fell like rain in Izu, Kai, Sagami, and Musashi provinces. This eruption of Mount Fuji might have been caused by the 1707 Hoei earthquake
49 days earlier.
The eruption was on Mount Fuji's east-north-east slope and made three new volcanic openings called No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Hoei vents. The danger of the eruption increased over the next several days. After the first earthquake and explosion of cinders and ash, another stronger explosion happened a few days later. This explosion threw out rocks and stones. Mount Fuji has not erupted since; but scientists describe Fuji as an active volcano.
Hokusai's One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji includes an image of the small crater which developed from a secondary eruption site on the southwestern slope. This was called Hoeizan (Mount Hoei) because the eruption happened in year Hoei 4.
Today the crater can be visited from Fujinomiya Trail or Gotemba Trail of Mount Fuji.
Related disasters
In the year after the Hoei eruption, another related disaster happened. The Sakawa River flooded. Sand from the volcano fell and widely covered the fields east of Mount Fuji. Farmers made sand piles by dumping the ash and sand from their fields. The rain washed away the sand piles from the dumping grounds and into the rivers again and again. This made some of the rivers shallower, especially the Sakawa. Enough ash had fallen to partly block the river. The ash made temporary dams. Heavy rainfall on August 7 and 8, 1708, caused an avalanche of volcanic ash and mud and broke the dams. The river flooded the Ashigara plain.
List of off-season Atlantic hurricanes

Off-season Atlantic hurricanes are very rare storms, but they can still happen. These storms form between November 30 and May 31, outside the Atlantic hurricane season.
Pope Gregory IX

Gregory IX (; c. 1145 - 22 August 1241), born Ugolino dei Conti di Segni, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 178th Pope from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241.
Early life
The Count of Segni lived in Anagni when his son Ugolino was born. The exact date of this birth is not known, but it was around 1145. Ugolino was a nephew of Pope Innocent III.
Cardinal
He was created Cardinal in 1198.
Pope
Cardinal di Conti was elected pope in 1227. He chose to be called Pope Gregory.
The Return of the Pink Panther

The Return of the Pink Panther is a 1975 British-American mystery comedy movie directed by Blake Edwards and is the fourth movie in The Pink Panther series. It stars Peter Sellers, Herbert Lom, Christopher Plummer, Catherine Schell, Burt Kwouk, Peter Arne, Peter Jeffrey, Graham Stark and was distributed by United Artists.
Dr. Hook & The Medicine Show

Dr. Hook & The Medicine Show or simply just Dr. Hook was an American band. They formed in Union City, New Jersey in 1968. Their two best known songs were "Cover of the Rolling Stone" and "Sylvia's Mother".
Marc Platt (dancer)

Marcel Emile Gaston LePlat (December 2, 1913 - March 29, 2014), better known by his stage name Marc Platt, was an American ballet dancer, musical theatre performer, and actor. He was best known for his role as Daniel Pontipee in the movie Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954). He was born in Pasadena, California. His father was an immigrant from France.
Platt died from pneumonia at a hospice on the morning of March 29, 2014 in San Rafael, California. He was 100 years old. He was outlived by his children.
Eutrochium maculatum

Spotted Joe-pye weed (Eutrochium maculatum) is a species of plant. It belongs in the family Asteraceae. It is found in North America. Its height ranges from 60 to 200 cm. (24 to 79 in.).
Kevin Burkhardt

Kevin Burkhardt (born March 2, 1974) is a television field reporter for the New York Mets on SportsNet New York. Burkhardt works with Gary Cohen and Keith Hernandez or Ron Darling. He has also called New York Mets spring training games and New Jersey Jackals. In June of 2012, he filled in for Gary Cohen for the first time during regular season. He appears on Mets shows doing hosting and reporting for Mets Hot Stove, Mets Pre-Game Live, Mets Post-Game Live, and Mets Year in Review. Outside of baseball, he was a beat reporter for the New York Jets and provided sports reporting for Time-Warner Cable and WCBS-AM. Burkhardt also called college football and Dallas Cowboys games for the Compass Media Networks. Burkhardt was paired with Danny White. He now calls games for the NFL on Fox with John Lynch and Erin Andrews.
Nasser Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah

Sheikh Nasser Bin Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah (; 27 April 1948 - 20 December 2020) was a Kuwaiti royal and politician. He was the First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense of Kuwait from 2017 until 2019. Nasser was the oldest son of Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah. He was born in Kuwait City.
Nasser died on 20 December 2020, aged 72. He died two months after his father's death in September.
Gizy

Gizy is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Azeotrope

Azeotropes are the mixtures of liquids which boil at a constant temperature. Azeotropes may be called constant boiling point mixtures or azeotropic mixtures.
Their proportions cannot be altered by simple distillation.
Cheerleader effect

The Cheerleader effect, or group attractiveness effect is a kind of cognitive bias: People who are part of a group are seen as more attractive, than those who aren't. This observation is valid for both men and women. The effect was coined by Barney Stinson (played by Neil Patrick Harris) in American sitcom How I Met Your Mother. It was first academically described in a study done 2013, and the result is backed up by another in 2015.
Showing the effect may be difficult: The study done in 2015 was repeated, but did not show the same result. According to the research team, this may be due to cultural differences, since the new study was performed in Japan.
Macaronesia

The Macaronesian islands, or simply Macaronesia is a modern name for several groups of islands of volcanic origin in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Europe and Africa. They belong to three countries: Portugal, Spain, and Cape Verde.
Origin of name
Macaronesia ( 'blessed', 'happy' and 'island'; 'blessed/fortunate islands'). This term was used by Ancient Greek geographers for islands to the west of the Strait of Gibraltar.
The modern use of the term Macaronesia goes to the botanist Philip Barker Webb in the 1830s for botanical descriptions. The name is occasionally misspelled "Macronesia" in analogy with Micronesia.
Islands included
The following groups of islands (archipelagos) are commonly counted as being part of the Macaronesia - from north to south:
Portuguese islands
Azores (): area , population 245,746 (2012)
Madeira Islands (): area , population 267,785 (2011)
Spanish islands
Canary Islands (): area , population 2,117,519 (2011)
Independent
Cape Verde (): area , population 523,568 (2013 est.)
Spanish is spoken in the Canary Islands and Portuguese in the rest of the islands. Cape Verde was a colony of Portugal but it is independent since 1975.
Geography and environment
The islands of Macaronesia are volcanic in origin, and are thought to be the product of several geologic hotspots.
The climate of the Macaronesian islands goes from Mediterranean in the Azores and Madeira to arid in Cape Verde. The Portuguese archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have a generally cooler climate and higher rainfall than the Canary Islands and Cape Verde.
Even if the distances between the different groups of islands are large, the plants and animals are similar and there are many endemic plants that are found only in these islands.
The islands have a unique biogeography, and are home to several distinct plant and animal communities. The laurel forests, known as laurisilva, of Macaronesia are a type of mountain cloud forest with species of a vegetation type which originally covered much of the Mediterranean Basin when the climate of the region was more humid and evolved to adapt to island conditions. These forests once covered most of the Azores, Madeira, and parts of the Canary Islands ("Canaries") between 400-1200 m altitude (the eastern Canaries and Cape Verde being too dry).
Conservation issues
Cutting the trees for timber and wood, clearing vegetation for grazing and agriculture, and the introduction of plants and animals by humans has displaced much of the native vegetation. The laurisilva has been reduced to small pockets. As a result, many of the endemic biota of the islands are seriously endangered or extinct.
State Anthem of Turkmenistan

The "State Anthem of Turkmenistan" (), officially called the "National Anthem of Independent, Neutral Turkmenistan" (), is the national anthem of Turkmenistan. It was adopted in 1992 and modified in 2008. During the Soviet era, the anthem of the Turkmen SSR was used.
1383

Events
January 22 - Marriage of King Richard II of England and Anne of Bohemia.
May 17 - King John I of Castile and Leon marries Beatrice of Portugal
July 7 - Death of the childless James of Baux, ruler of Taranto and Achaea and titular Latin Emperor.
Charles III of Naples becomes ruler of Achaea (now southern Greece).
Otto, the widower of Joan I of Naples, becomes ruler of Taranto (now eastern Italy).
Duke Louis I of Anjou inherits the claim to the Latin Empire (now western Turkey) but never uses the title of Emperor.
October 22 - King Fernando I of Portugal dies and is succeeded by his daughter, Beatrice of Portugal. A period of civil war and anarchy, known as the 1383-1385 Crisis, begins in Portugal due to Beatrice being married to the King John I of Castile and Leon.
The Teutonic Knights recommence war against pagan Lithuania.
Rao Chanda succeeds Rao Biram Dev as Rathore ruler of Marwar (now in western India).
Lowenbrau beer is first brewed.
Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep temple is built in present-day Thailand by King Kuena of Lanna.
Construction of the Bastille is completed in Paris.
Marilyn Maxwell

Marilyn Maxwell (August 3, 1921 - March 20, 1972) was an American actress and entertainer. She was a sex symbol in the 1940s and 1950s. She appeared in several movies and radio programs. She played Hazel Moon in Lost in a Harem (1944). She also played Grace Diamond in Champion (1949).
Maxwell was born in Clarinda, Iowa. She died from a heart attack at age 50.
Parliamentary system

A parliamentary system of government means that the executive branch of government has the direct or indirect support of the parliament. This support is usually shown by a vote of confidence. A balanced relationship between the executive and the legislature in a parliamentary system is called responsible government.
The separation of powers between the executive and law making branches is not as obvious as it is in a presidential system. There are different ways of balancing power between the three branches which govern the country (the executive (or ministers), the law makers and the judges).
Parliamentary systems usually have a head of government and a head of state. They change after their terms are over. The head of government is the prime minister, who has the real power. The head of state may be an elected president or, in the case of a constitutional monarchy, hereditary.
Examples of a few countries which practice parliamentary systems are India, Italy, Japan, and Latvia to name a few. Parliament is different in every country.
Metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a combination of several medical issues. They increase the risk for heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. 25% of people of the United States have metabolic syndrome.
The term "metabolic syndrome" dates back to at least the late 1950s, but came into common usage in the late 1970s to describe various associations of risk factors with diabetes mellitus that had been noted as early as the 1920s.
Michela Sillari

Michela Sillari (born 23 February 1993) is an Italian rugby union player, three quarters of the center of Valsugana and international since 2012. At all Six Nations 2019, she was the best scorer for the national team (141 points) as well as the third best ever after Veronica Schiavon and Michela Tondinelli.
Life
She started rugby at seven years of age in the second grade, she was first in the youth teams of Amatori Parma and then moved to Noceto, and then to Lupe Piacenza.
In the 2011-12 season, she was in Colorno, and in February 2012 she made her debut for Recco in the 2012 Six Nations, against England.
In 2016, she moved to the Aylesford Bulls, later to Harlequin FC, with whom in April 2017 she was England champion, also achieving two goals in the final match against Bristol.
Later in the season, she returned to Colorno and took part in the 2017 Rugby World Cup in Ireland. In 2018, she was champion of Italy with the Parmense team and, at the end of the 2018-19 season, she moved to Padua.
Vincent Cannistraro

Vincent Cannistraro is the former head of the CIA's anti-terrorism center. He worked with the CIA for over 27 years. After leaving, he would become an advisor on terrorism to a few different companies and organizations, such as ABC News and the Holy See.
Grumman C-2 Greyhound

The Grumman C-2 Greyhound is an American military aircraft used for transport duties. It serve only with the United States Navy on aircraft carrier. This kind of aircraft is known as COD for Carrier Onboard Delivery. In 2020 it will be replaced by CMV-22B Osprey.
Oolong

Oolong (; (wulong, "black dragon") is a traditional semi-oxidized Chinese tea (Camellia sinensis) produced through a process including withering the plant under strong sun.
Oolong is especially popular in south China.
The creation of oolong tea involves repeating stages to achieve the desired amount of bruising and browning of leaves. Withering, rolling, shaping, and firing are similar to black tea.
Vladimir Grbić

Vladimir "Vanja" Grbic (born 14 December 1970) is a retired Serbian volleyball player. He is tall. He played as passer-side attacker.
Grbic was born in Klek in Socialist Republic of Serbia, Yugoslavia. He is Nikola Grbic's brother. He is a member of the Volleyball Hall of Fame.
With the national volleyball team of Yugoslavia, he won a gold medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics and a bronze medal in 1996 at Atlanta. His international victories include a silver medal in the 1998 World Championship and a gold medal in the 2001 European Championship.
Grbic Yugoslav Olympic Committee has declared him for the best sportsman of the year in 1996 and 2000. In 1999 and 2000, he received a Golden Badge, award for best athlete in Yugoslavia.
Agalychnis psilopygion

The flecked leaf frog (Agalychnis psilopygion) is a frog that lives in Colombia and Ecuador. Scientists have seen it between 100 and 500 meters above sea level.
Sandie Shaw

Sandie Shaw (born Sandra Ann Goodrich on 26 February 1947 in Dagenham, London, England) is an English pop singer-songwriter. Shaw had three #1 singles on the United Kingdom Singles Chart during the 1960s. The hit songs included "(There's) Always Something There to Remind Me" (her cover of the Lou Johnson song in 1964), "Long Live Love" (a 1965 song) and 1967's "Puppet on a String". In 1965, she covered Petula Clark's award winning chart topping soul hit "Downtown". The song was on Shaw's first studio album Sandie.
Shaw retired from her singing career after 1972. She In 1983, she resumed her singing. In the 1980s Shaw covered two songs from the English rock band The Smiths. They were "I Don't Owe You Anything" and "Hand in Glove".
Shaw preferred to almost always perform on the concert stages while barefoot. That was the reason for which she was named the "Barefoot Pop Princess".
Shaw retired from the singing business in 2013.
NGC 720

NGC 720 is an elliptical galaxy in the Cetus constellation. It is about 78 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Defense in depth (computing)

Defense in Depth (also known as layered security and layered defense) is an information assurance (IA) concept. It uses multiple layers of security controls (defenses) placed throughout an information technology (IT) system. The multiple layers are not of the same security tool. It uses several different kinds of security with each protecting against a different security attack.
Background
Defense in depth is originally a military strategy. It seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker by yielding space to buy time. The National Security Agency (NSA) changed the concept to be a comprehensive approach to information and electronic security.
The placement of protection mechanisms, procedures and policies is intended to increase the dependability of an IT system. Multiple layers of defense can prevent espionage. They also prevent direct attacks against critical systems. In terms of computer network defense, defense in depth measures should not only prevent security breaches but also buy an organization time to detect and respond to an attack.
Onion model
Defense in depth has long been explained by using the onion as an example of the various layers of security. The outer layer contains the firewall. Middle layers contain various controls. The data is in the center protected by the other defenses.
A newer concept is the kill chain. Borrowed from the military it is a method of detecting and breaking an opponent's kill chain. Lockheed Martin adapted this concept to information security, using it as a method for modeling intrusions on a computer network.
Related pages
Using more than one of the following layers constitutes defense in depth.
UC Browser

UC Browser is a mobile web browser. It was banned in India in 2020 for privacy issues and also banned in China in 2021 due to complaints of showing deceptive medical advertisements.
History
UC Browser was originally developed for Java ME smartphones in 2004 by UCWeb which is a subsidiary of the Alibaba Group. It is now available for Android, iOS, BlackBerry OS, Java ME, Symbian, Windows Phone, and Microsoft Windows platform.
Jack Skellington

Jack Skellington is the main character of the 1993 movie Nightmare Before Christmas. Jack is the "Pumpkin King" of Halloween Town, a world based on Halloween. Jack is voiced by Chris Sarandon. Danny Elfman provided Jack's singing voice. The character is shown on various merchandise.
Duvet

A duvet is a type of bedding used as a blanket, on a bed. They are normally made of a cotton cover, filled with feathers and down or man-made fibres such as polyester, microfibre and hollowfibre. They are soft and comfortable, and keeps the person who's under it warm when sleeping. Additional bed throws (sometimes called a 'snug') may be added in the autumn/fall to add an extra layer of warmth.
Togs
The thickness of the duvet is measured by a tog rating. The higher the tog, the warmer the duvet will be. The warmest duvet on the market is currently a 15 tog. Most people who have heated houses will use a 4.5 tog duvet all year round, but sometimes in the autumn/winter people will upgrade to either a 7.0 or a 9.0 tog.
Seward County

Seward County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Seward County, Kansas
Seward County, Nebraska
Yapacana antbird

The Yapacana antbird (Myrmeciza disjuncta) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. The species was named by Friedmann, in 1945.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
South Salt Lake, Utah

South Salt Lake is a city in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. As of the 2020 census, 26,777 people live in South Salt Lake.
Dissection (band)

Dissection was a Swedish black and death metal band from Stromstad, Sweden.
Dissection was formed in autumn 1989 by lead singer Jon Nodtveidt and bassist Peter Palmdahl. The band recorded and released a demo tape titled The Grief Prophecy in December 1990. The band released their debut album The Somberlain in 1993. Their second studio album Storm of the Light's Bane was released on November 17, 1995.
Their final studio album Reinkaos was released on April 30, 2006 in Europe and on May 16, 2006 in North America. The band a final European concert and broke up on 24 June 2006. On 13 August 2006, lead singer Jon Nodtveidt committed suicide by an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound inside a circle of lit candles.
Crook of Devon

The Crook of Devon is a Perthshire village about 6 miles south west of Kinross on the A977. It was famous in the 17th century for its witch burnings. Down the road at the side of the Institute (Village Hall) on the right hand side is a field called Lamblaires and in the north west corner is the place where the witches were strangled and then burned at the stake.
Pskov

Pskov (, ancient Russian spelling Pl'skov' (Pleskov)) is an old city in the northwest of Russia. It is the administrative center of Pskov Oblast. It is about east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River.
History
There was Pskov feudal republic depended of Novgorod.
Florimont

Florimont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Territoire de Belfort department in northeast France.
Fight or flight response

The fight-or-flight response (or acute stress response) is a set of physiological changes that occur when an animal is threatened. The changes include increased heart rate, breathing rate and blood pressure.
This response was first described by W.B Cannon. He found that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system. This leads to changes such as those mentioned above. The changes prepare the animal for fighting or fleeing. This response is the first stage of a general adaptation that regulates stress responses among vertebrates and other organisms.
Evolutionary perspective
The fight or flight response lets animals respond quickly to threats. This system is universal in vertebrates. That shows it is ancient in origin, and very important.
Humans have some problems with the system, because though they share the physiology with other animals, they rarely face a clear-cut fight or flight choice. Humans can try to talk their way through various problems and semi-threats, but they may suffer stress when the issues are not easily solved.
Other responses
Animals respond in many ways to situations which threaten them. The fight/flight choice is just one alternative. At one extreme is the way mother cats with kittens will defend them to the death if necessary. Another situation is the way many animals keep still when a predator is nearby. Their camouflage is often effective.
Honey Bunny in Kung Fu Challenge

Honey Bunny In Kung Fu Challenge is a 2018 Indian animated action movie. It is the third and final installment in the Sab Jholmaal Hai movie series.
Plot
When Choos Lee (the Bruce Lee in Honey and Bunny's world) arrives in Bunny's city and claims to be an unbeatable karate champion, Bunny challenges him for a competition. However, in order to win, he must perfect his martial arts skills.
James Hardy (American football)

James W. Hardy, III (December 24, 1985 - June 7, 2017) was an American football wide receiver for the Baltimore Ravens. Hardy also played for the Buffalo Bills from 2008 to 2010. Hardy was drafted out of Indiana University by the Buffalo Bills with the 41st pick in the second round of the 2008 NFL Draft.
On June 7, 2017, a body was found in the Maumee River in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The next day, the Allen County Coroner determined the body to be that of Hardy. The cause of his death has yet to be determined. He was 31 years old.
Clarke County, Alabama

Clarke County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of 2020, 23,087 people lived there. The county seat is Grove Hill.
History
Clarke County was formed on December 10, 1812 by the Mississippi Territory. It is named in honor of General John Clarke of Georgia, who was later elected governor of that state. The county had many forts, built by settlers for protection during the Creek War (1813-1814). One of the most notable was Fort Sinquefield.
The first county seat was Clarkesville, formed in 1820. The seat was moved to Macon, later renamed Grove Hill, in 1831. During the American Civil War, the county was notable for its salt production.
Strawberry Alarm Clock

Strawberry Alarm Clock was an American psychedelic pop band that formed in Los Angeles, California in 1966. Their most famous song is Incense and Peppermints.
Montbéliardot

Montbeliardot is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Domingo Cavallo

Domingo Felipe Cavallo (born July 21, 1946) is an Argentine economist and politician. Between 1991 and 1996 he was Economic Ministry of Argentina during Carlos Menem presidency and again for a short time in 2001 during the Fernando de la Rua presidency. He was known for making the U.S. dollar of legal use in Argentina.
He unsuccessfully ran for President of Argentina in 1999. From 1989 to 1991, he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs during the Carlos Menem presidency.
Gratiot County, Michigan

Gratiot County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 41,761 people live here. The county seat is Ithaca.
Milton Brink

Milton "Milt, Curly" Brink (November 26, 1910 - October 31, 1999) was an American ice hockey player. He played 5 games in the NHL, all with the Chicago Black Hawks. Brink spent most of his ice hockey career in the American Hockey Association where he played a combined 5 seasons.
Lymphatic system

In mammals, the lymphatic system is a network of thin vessels that branch, like blood vessels, into tissues throughout the body. It is part of the immune system. It is a one-way system which carries cells and fluid back to the blood system.
Lymphatic vessels carry lymph, a colorless, watery fluid, and white blood cells. It comes from interstitial fluid in the tissues which is squeezed out of the blood vessels. The lymphatic system transports infection-fighting cells called lymphocytes, and is involved in the removal of foreign matter and cell debris by phagocytes. A second function is to transport fats from the small intestine to the blood.
Lymphatic fluid gathers from the tissues and enters the valved lymphatic ducts. These valves make sure the lymph flows the right way. On its way back to the blood system, the lymph passes through glands called lymph nodes, in places like the back of the neck, the armpits and the groin. Lymph nodes swell in the region of an infected body part. This acts to keep the infection from spreading. It prevents or reduces the pathogens getting into the general blood circulation and reaching other parts of the body.
Lymph ends up back in the blood system. In mammals under normal conditions, most of the lymph is returned to the blood stream through lymph-vein communications at the base of the neck. Some vertebrates have more complex lymphatic systems. Amphibians for example have multiple "lymph hearts" to control the flow of lymph.
Diving suit

A diving suit is a type of protective clothing worn by scuba divers when they swim underwater in oceans, lakes, and rivers. Diving suits help insulate the diver from the cold temperature of the water. There are several types of diving suits, including wetsuits and dry suits.
Suriname

Suriname or Surinam is a country in South America. The official name of the country is Republiek Suriname (this is Dutch and translates to Republic of Suriname). It used to be known as Nederlands Guyana, Netherlands Guiana or Dutch Guiana. It is between Guyana and French Guiana. Paramaribo is the capital city, in which resides almost half of the country's population. About half a million people live in the country. Suriname became independent from the Netherlands in 1975. Before that, it was a part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
There are border disputes with French Guiana and Guyana all to the south of the country.
The industry of the country is centered on the mining and processing of bauxite. This makes up 15 percent of the Gross Domestic Product and more than 70% of the exports. Other exports are sugar, oil and gold. About 25% of the working people are employed in agriculture. The main trade partners are the Netherlands, the United States and countries in the Caribbean.
Dutch, French, Spanish and English explorers discovered the area in the early 16th century. A century later, sugar plantation colonies were established by the Dutch and English along the many rivers in the fertile Guyana plains. After the second Anglo-Dutch War England traded any claims to the territory for New Amsterdam which became New York.
Margaret Woodrow Wilson

Margaret Woodrow Wilson (April 16, 1886 - February 12, 1944) was the eldest daughter of US President Woodrow Wilson and Ellen Louise Axson.
Her two sisters were Jessie and Eleanor. After her mother's death in 1914, Margaret served her father as the White House social hostess, the title later known as First Lady. Her father remarried in 1915.
Wilson died in India from uremia (blood poisoning), aged 57.
Roberts Blossom

Roberts Scott Blossom (March 25, 1924 - July 8, 2011) was an American theater, movie and television actor and poet. He is best known for being Old Man Marley in Home Alone and as Ezra Cobb in the horror movie Deranged. He is also remembered for his supporting roles in movies such as Close Encounters of the Third Kind and Escape from Alcatraz.
Blossom died on July 8, 2011 at the age of 87 of cerebrovascular disease. He is survived by his wife Beverly Schmidt and his two children.
Michael C. Stenger

Michael C. Stenger (1950/1951 - June 27, 2022) was an American law enforcement officer. He was the 41st Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate from April 16, 2018, to January 7, 2021. He resigned after a mob of Donald Trump supporters attacked the United States Capitol. Before, he was a United States Secret Service agent.
Stenger died on June 27, 2022 at the age of 71.
Lon Nol

Marshal Lon Nol (, also ; 13 November 1913 - 17 November 1985) was a Cambodian politician and military leader. He led a coup against Prince Norodom Sihanouk in 1970. Nol made himself President of the newly created Khmer Republic.
The Khmer Rouge took leadership of Cambodia. Lon Nol fled from Cambodia to Indonesia and then to the United States.
Ivana Trump

Ivana Trump (born Ivana Marie Zelnickova; (); February 20, 1949 - July 14, 2022) was a Czech-American businesswoman, former Olympic skiier and model. She was best known for her marriage to Donald Trump, which ended in divorce. They had three children together, Donald Trump Jr, Ivanka Trump, and Eric Trump.
In 2010, she was a contestant in the British version of Celebrity Big Brother.
Death
Trump died on July 14, 2022 in her Manhattan, New York City home at the age of 73. The next day, it was revealed that Trump died of "blunt impact injuries to the torso" after falling on her staircase.
She was buried at the Trump National Golf Club Bedminster in Bedminster, New Jersey.
ESO 325-G004

ESO 325-G004 is a giant elliptical galaxy which is located about 416 million light years away in the constellation of Centaurus. The galaxy also is located in a galaxy cluster known as Abell S740 in the same constellation.
The galaxy has an apparent magnitude of 13.89. It only has one another designation which is "2MASX J13433318-3810336".
Othon Bastos

Othon Bastos (born 23 May 1933) is a Brazilian movie actor. He has appeared in 50 movies since 1962. He was born in Tucano, Bahia.
His best known roles were in O Pagador de Promessas (1962), Black God, White Devil (1964), Antonio das Mortes (1969), Of Gods and the Undead (1970), S. Bernardo (1972), The Last Plantation (1976), Heart and Guts (1982), Four Days in September (1997), Central Station (1998), Villa-Lobos - Uma Vida de Paixao (2000), Behind the Sun (2001), Nosso Lar (2010) and Os Experientes (2016).
Villefranque, Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Villefranque, Pyrenees-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
A-side and B-side

A-side and B-side are words used in music. They used to mean the two different sides of vinyl records and cassettes. Singles were released on these from the 1950s. The words now mean the types of song that are usually placed on each side of the record. The A-side is normally the featured song. This is the one that the record producer hopes will receive radio airplay and become a "hit". The B-side, or flipside, is a secondary song that often does not appear on the artist's LP.
Pitbull (rapper)

Armando Christian Perez (born January 15, 1981), better known by his stage name Pitbull, is an American rapper, singer and businessman. He was born in Miami, Florida, to parents who are Cuban.
In 2004, he released his first album M.I.A.M.I. under TVT Records. Pitbull later released his second album, El Mariel, in 2006. His third album, The Boatlift, followed in 2007.
His fourth album, Rebelution (2009), included the hit single "I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)". It was his first internationally popular song. "I Know You Want Me" peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100.
Sri Lanka Railways S11

Sri Lanka Railways Class S11 is a diesel multiple-unit (DMU) train, built for Sri Lanka Railways by RITES Ltd, an Indian state infrastructure corporation. The DMUs are currently being imported in phases, with the last batch arriving in Sri Lanka in March 2012. They were built to replace locomotive-hauled passenger trains. Twenty S11 DMUs were ordered to strengthen long distance travel on the Coastal railway line from Colombo to Matara.
Danny the Dog

Danny the Dog is the soundtrack for the movie Unleashed. It is by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It does not include the track called "Aftersun" featuring Dot Allison, that sounds on the credits at the end of the movie.
Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne

Cecilia Nina Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, nee Cavendish-Bentinck,GCVO (11 September 1862 - 23 June 1938) was the mother of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and maternal grandmother and godmother of Elizabeth II.
Tetsugen Bernard Glassman

Bernard "Bernie" Glassman (January 18, 1939 - November 4, 2018) was an American Zen Buddhist roshi. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. Glassman was the founder of the Zen Peacemakers. In 1996, he co-founded the Zen Peacemaker Order with his wife Sandra Jishu Holmes.
Glassman was a Dharma successor of the late Taizan Maezumi-roshi, and gave inka and Dharma transmission to several people. Glassman was known as a leading figure of social enterprise, socially engaged Buddhism and "Bearing Witness Retreats" at Auschwitz and on the streets.
Glassman died on November 4, 2018 from complications of a stroke in Springfield, Massachusetts at the age of 79.
Fournes-Cabardès

Fournes-Cabardes is a commune of 50 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Columbia Business School

Columbia Business School (CBS) is a business school of Columbia University in Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1916. Its purpose is to provide training and professional preparation for undergraduate and graduate Columbia University students. It is one of six Ivy League business schools. Its admission process is among the most selective of top schools.
MS Programs
Columbia Business School offers three separate Master of Science degrees in Management Science & Engineering, Financial Economics and Marketing. Admission to the programs is extremely competitive: in 2011, there were 543 applicants to the Financial Economics program and only 10 students were accepted.
CIBE
The Certificate in Business Excellence (CIBE) is awarded to students who complete a total of 18 program days of executive education within a four-year period. Any executive education program at Columbia Business School can be applied toward the completion of the certificate.
Recipients of the CIBE are granted full alumni status with Columbia Business School, including the following alumni benefits:
People
Alumni
Columbia Business School has over 39,000 living alumni. Some of the more notable alumni include the following:
Erskine Bowles, MBA 1969, Former White House Chief of Staff; President of the University of North Carolina system
Warren Buffett, MS 1951, Billionaire CEO of Berkshire Hathaway
Penny Chenery, MBA, American sportswoman who bred and raced Secretariat, 1973 winner of the Triple Crown
Alexander Haig, MBA 1955, United States Secretary of State
Irving Kahn, MBA, oldest living active investment professional
Frank Lautenberg, BS 1949, U.S. Senator from New Jersey
Mauricio Macri, attended, incumbent Chief of Government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires
Christopher O'Neill, MBA 2005, British-American businessman and husband of Princess Madeleine of Sweden
Washington SyCip, MBA 1943, founder of the Asian Institute of Management and Sycip Gorres Velayo & Co.
Raindrop Prelude

The Prelude Op. 28, No. 15, by Frederic Chopin is known as the "Raindrop" prelude. It is one of the 24 Chopin preludes. This is the longest of the preludes. It lasts between five and seven minutes. The prelude is famous for its repeating A-flat. This note appears throughout the piece. It sounds like raindrops to many listeners. It is known for it's repetitive raindrop motif.
Composition
Some of the Preludes were written during Chopin and George Sand's stay at a monastery in Valldemossa, Majorca in 1838. In her Histoire de ma vie, Sand told how one evening she and her son Maurice, returning from Palma, Majorca, in a terrible rainstorm, found a frantic Chopin who cried, "Ah! I knew well that you were dead." While playing his piano he had a dream:
"He saw himself drowned in a lake. Heavy drops of icy water fell in a regular rhythm on his breast, and when I made him listen to the sound of the drops of water indeed falling in rhythm on the roof, he denied having heard it. He was even angry that I should interpret this in terms of imitative sounds. He protested with all his might - and he was right to - against the childishness of such aural imitations. His genius was filled with the mysterious sounds of nature, but transformed into sublime equivalents in musical thought, and not through slavish imitation of the actual external sounds."
Sand did not say which prelude Chopin played for her at that time. Most music critics think it was no. 15, because of the repeating A flat, with its suggestion of the "gentle patter" of rain. Peter Dayan points out that Sand accepted Chopin's protests that the prelude was not an imitation of the sound of raindrops, but a translation of nature's harmonies within Chopin's "genie". Frederick Niecks says that the prelude "rises before one's mind the cloistered court of the monastery of Valdemosa, and a procession of monks chanting lugubrious prayers, and carrying in the dark hours of night their departed brother to his last resting-place.
Description
The prelude opens with a "serene" theme in D flat. It then changes to a "lugubrious interlude" in C sharp minor, "with the dominant pedal never ceasing, a basso ostinato". The repeating A flat, which has been heard throughout the first section, here becomes more insistent. Following this, the prelude ends with a repetition of the original theme. Niecks says, "This C sharp minor portion...affects one like an oppressive dream; the re-entrance of the opening D flat major, which dispels the dreadful nightmare, comes upon one with the smiling freshness of dear, familiar nature - only after these horrors of the imagination can its serene beauty be fully appreciated.
Champéry

Champery is a municipality of the district of Monthey in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Baloch people

The Baloch (blwch) are an Iranian ethnic group who live in the region of Balochistan which includes the regions of southeastern Iran, southern Afghanistan, and southwestern Pakistan.
The Baloch speak the Balochi language, an Iranian language. They mainly live in mountainous places of the Iranian plateau in Iran, Pakistan and parts of Afghanistan. Balochistan is an arid semi-desert mountainous region inhabited by the Baloch people.
Shumen Province

Shumen Province is a province in northeastern Bulgaria. The capital city is also named Shumen.
Municipalities
The Shumen Province has 10 municipalities. The following table shows each municipality's name, main town (in bold) or village, and population as of December 2009.
Prouvy

Prouvy is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 2,220 people lived there.
Seminole

The Seminole are a group of Native American people from Florida in the Southeastern Woodlands. Today, many Seminole people live in different groups across Florida and Oklahoma. Their tribes are the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, Seminole Tribe of Florida, and Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida.
History
The Seminole Nation began in the 18th century, when many groups of Native Americans came together in Florida. Much of Seminole culture comes from the Muscogee (Creek) people from Georgia and Alabama, who made up a large part of the Seminole Nation when it was formed. The name "Seminole" comes the word for "runaway" in the Muscogee language, which many Seminole people spoke.
The Seminole developed an independent identity over a period of time in the 18th and 19th Centuries. During this time they traded with British and Spanish colonists who were living in Florida. Many free blacks and escaped slaves settled near Seminole land and paid tributes to the Seminole tribe. These people later became known as "Black Seminoles."
After the American Revolutionary War, many Americans tried to move into Seminole land. This created conflict leading to the Seminole Wars (1818-1858).
South Savo

Southern Savonia or South Savo is a region in Finland. Neighbouring regions are Central Finland, Paijanne Tavastia, Northern Savonia, North Karelia, Kymenlaakso and South Karelia.
There are three cities in Southern Savonia: Mikkeli, Pieksamaki and Savonlinna.
Radu Vasile

Radu Vasile (10 October 1942 - 3 July 2013) was a Romanian historian, poet and politician.
He was the 57th Prime Minister of Romania, serving from 17 April 1998 to 13 December 1999. He was also a Senator from the Democratic Party (PD) from 2000 to 2004. Aside from politics, Vasile used to write poetry under the pen name Radu Mischiu.
He died from colorectal cancer on 3 July 2013 in Bucharest.
Sociolect

Sociolect is a form of language spoken by a particular class, ethnic group, or age group in society.
Artpop

Artpop (styled in all capital letters) is the third studio album by American recording artist Lady Gaga. It was released on November 11, 2013. The album was mainly produced by Gaga along with DJ White Shadow and Zedd, among other producers.
Two official singles have been released from the album. The first single "Applause" was released in August 2013 and has reached #4 on the Billboard Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100, while reaching number five in the United Kingdom. The second single, "Do What U Want," was released on October 21, 2013. Written with R. Kelly, it has peaked at #13 on the Hot 100. The song also reached the top ten in Canada and the UK. In 2019, Gaga had the song removed from online music services after the release of the documentary Surviving R. Kelly. On January 1, 2014, Gaga released a remix of the song with singer Christina Aguilera. "G.U.Y." was released as the album's third single and charted moderately.
Both singles reached the top ten of Billboard's Mainstream Top 40 (Pop Songs) radio chart, reaching #4 and #7, respectively.
The album debuted at #1 in many countries, particularly in the United States on the Billboard 200 album chart and the UK Albums Chart. Artpop sold 258,000 copies in its first week in America and became Gaga's second number-one album in the US, after Born This Way.
Niqāb

A Niqab is a piece of clothing. It is for Muslim women. Women who wear niqab in public are called Niqabi. There are many Niqabis in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Yemen, and Egypt. Niqabi usually covers all her body except the eyes and hands.
Niqab around the world
In France, Italy, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Latvia, Bulgaria, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Tunisia, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands wearing a niqab (and the burqa) in public is illegal. And in more countries, it is illegal to enter a government building, public building, public transport, schools, or to drive a vehicle with a niqab (or a burqa).
Berat

Berat is a town in south-central Albania. It is the capital of both the District of Berat and the larger County of Berat. About 71,000 people live here. Berat is on the right bank of the river Osum.
Swalwell, Alberta

Swalwell is a small village in Kneehill County, Alberta, Canada. It is about from Calgary, the largest city in the Province of Alberta.
Swalwell is at . It has a population of 338 people. The postal code in Swalwell is T0M 1Y0.
Milton, Kentucky

Milton is a city of Kentucky in the United States. According to 2010 United States Census, it has a population of 574 people.
Chesapeake Bay

The Chesapeake Bay () is the largest estuary in the United States. It lies off the Atlantic Ocean and is surrounded by Maryland and Virginia. The bay's watershed covers in the District of Columbia and parts of six states: New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. More than 150 rivers and streams drain into it.
The Chesapeake Bay is about 200 miles (300 km) long, from the Susquehanna River in the north to the Atlantic Ocean. At its narrowest point between Kent County's Plum Point (near Newtown) and the Harford County shore near Romney Creek, the bay isabout 2.8 miles (4.5 km) wide. At the widest location, it is 30 miles (50 km) wide. The bay is deep on average.
The bay has two bridges over it. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge crosses the bay in Maryland from Sandy Point (near Annapolis) to Kent Island. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in Virginia connects Virginia Beach to Cape Charles.
Freeview

Freeview is a free television service in the United Kingdom, and is sent to people's home using a digital signal. It includes more channels than normal analogue television provides. Over 30 television channels and 24 radio stations are on it at the moment. The service was put on air on October 30, 2002 in the early morning. ITV Digital was the previous service but the service had to be replaced because they were having financial problems.
Some TVs can receive Freeview automatically, but most people have to buy a special box to connect to their TV. In March 2006 over 6 million people had Freeview in their homes.
The service replaced the analogue signal in the United Kingdom in 2012.
Francisco José Cox

Francisco Jose Cox Huneeus (18 December 1933 - 12 August 2020) was a Chilean archbishop of the Catholic Church. He was a member of Schoenstatt Movement. He was Bishop of Chillan from 1975 to 1981 and Coadjutor Archbishop of La Serena from 1985 to 1990 and Archbishop there from 1990 to 1997. He resigned following accusations that he had sexual abused young boys. He was born in Santiago de Chile.
Cox died on 12 August 2020 in Santiago de Chile, aged 86.