kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Rebecca Stead

Rebecca Stead is an American children's author. She graduated from Vassar College in 1989. She is the author of three popular children's books: First Light, When You Reach Me, and Liar & Spy.
Early life
Stead was born in New York City on January 16, 1968. From the time she was young, she was interested in literature and writing. She worked as a lawyer and public defender several years. Stead is married to a lawyer named Sean O'Brien. They have two children. She began writing again when she was raising her children.
Books and achievements
Stead has written three young adult books. Her first book, First Light, was published in 2007. It is about a young boy who is studying climate change. Her second book, When You Reach Me, was published in 2009. It is a mix of mystery, historical fiction, and a school story. It won the Newbery Medal in 2010. Her next book, Liar and Spy, was published in 2012. This book is about a seventh grade boy living in Brooklyn, New York, and how he feels about problems with his best friend. Liar and Spy won the Guardian Prize in 2013. Her latest book is Goodbye Stranger.
Tupi language

The Tupi Language was the language spoken by the indigenous Tupi People of Brazil. It was related to Guarani. When Portuguese colonizers first came to Brazil, many of the first people they met spoke Tupi. The Portuguese learned the language so that they could talk to the Tupi and convert them to Christianity. Tupi became a lingua franca of Brazil for many years. Its use was encouraged by Jesuit missionaries.
In 1759, the Prime Minister of Brazil forced the Jesuits to leave. More Portuguese settlers that did not speak Tupi moved to Brazil around the same time. These things made most Brazilians want to speak Portuguese instead of Tupi. While Old Tupi is no longer spoken, the Nheengatu language is descended from it.
Glenrowan, Victoria

Glenrowan is a small town in the northeast of Victoria, Australia. It is 184km northeast of Melbourne and 14km from Wangaratta. It is near the Warby Ranges and Mt. Glenrowan. At the 2006 census, Glenrowan had a population of 952. It used to be on the main road between Melbourne and Sydney, the Hume Highway. The new Hume Freeway now goes around the town.
History
The first people to live in the area were the Australian Aboriginal tribal group called the Pallanganmiddang. Glenrowan was named after farmers James Hutton Rowan and George Christian Rowan who had large farms in the area between 1846 and 1858. The township was laid out and land sold in 1857. In 1862 Cobb and Co had a stopping place for changing horses on their stagecoaches. The Post Office was opened on February 22, 1870. The small town had a police station, hotels and a boot maker.
In 1873 railroad was built, and the town moved about a mile to be closer to the station. In 1876 the first school was built and Thomas Curnow was the teacher. He would become famous as the Hero of Glenrowan, the man who stopped the train.
The Siege of Glenrowan
It is famous for the bushranger Ned Kelly, who was captured there in 1880 after a siege and shootout with police. The Kelly Gang had captured many of the people living in the town and held them hostage in a hotel. The hotel was called the Glenrowan Inn and was owned by Mrs.Ann Jones. They had pulled up the railway track hoping that the train carrying extra policemen would crash. The school teacher Thomas Curnow got out of the hotel and was able to stop the train. The police surrounded the hotel and began shooting at the bushrangers. It is estimated that 15,000 bullets were fired during the shooting. The Kelly Gang had made suits of armour to stop the bullets from hurting them. The police set fire to the hotel. Eventually Ned Kelly was shot and captured. The rest of the gang, Dan Kelly, Steve Hart and Joe Byrne were killed.
Mrs. Jones took the government to court. She wanted to be paid PS1050 for the destruction of her hotel during the siege.
In May 2008, archaeologists dug up the ruins of the Glenrowan Inn to learn more about the siege and shoot out.
Today
Glenrowan is a popular rest point for those travelling on the Hume Freeway. In the township of Glenrowan, off the highway, tourists can rest, walk and examine the famous Kelly siege sites.
Batik

Batik is an Indonesian method of dyeing cloth and making it resistant using wax. Such fabrics originally come from the island of Java. Nowadays, batik also can be found worldwide, mainly in Asia and Africa.
History of batik
Batik is an ancient fabric wax-resist dyeing tradition of Java island (nowadays part of modern Indonesia). In the Ramayana--ancient Sanskrit epics dated 500 BC--, the island of Java is recorded as the island that already had seven kingdoms long before the story of Ramayana created, and Batik is one of the regarded clothes that have glorious value that originally made by the manufacturers within the kingdoms' environment itself. Batik is a part of an ancient Javanese tradition and has been taught for centuries, the art of batik is most highly developed in Java and some of the best batiks in the world still made there until today.
Due to the colonialism, batik also became popular in the Western countries, especially since the Dutch colonial era.
Technique
To make a batik, they use the cloth as the paper, and they just start drawing hot wax over the cloth. And they said if we repeated the process, it will be more colorful. For the first step, make sure the cloth is washed. Batik patterns are drawn with pencil and later drawn again using a hot wax. The very common thing that people use is the pen-like instrument called a tjanting. After the cloth is dry, the areas keep their original color, and it also shows the pattern between the areas that have the color and do not have the color. It gives them a pattern. Then the artist repeats the process once for each color. A very traditional type of batik, called written batik, is drawn using only a tjanting. The cloth needs to be drawn on both sides and put in a color bath three or four times. The process may take up to a year.
Green manure

Typically, a green manure crop is grown for a specific period, and then plowed under and incorporated into the soil. Green manures usually perform several functions, that include soil improvement and soil protection:
Leguminous green manures such as clover contain nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria in root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen in a form that plants can use.
Green manures increase the percentage of organic matter (biomass) in the soil, thereby improving water retention, aeration, and other soil characteristics.
The root systems of some varieties of green manure grow deep in the soil and bring up nutrient resources unavailable to shallower-rooted crops.
Common cover crop functions of weed suppression and prevention of soil erosion and compaction are often also taken into account when selecting and using green manures.
Some green manure crops, when allowed to flower, provide forage for pollinating insects.
Historically, the practice of green manuring can be traced back to the fallow cycle of crop rotation, which was used to allow soils to recover.
Green manure crops
Winter cover crops such as oats or rye have long been used as green manures.
Mustard
Clover
Fenugreek
Lupin
Sunn hemp
Winter tares
Winter field beans
Ferns of the genus Azolla have been used as a green manure in southeast Asia.
Velvet Bean (Mucuna pruriens) Common in the southern US during the early part of the 20th century, before being replaced by soybeans. Popular today in most tropical countries, especially in Central America where it is the main green manure used in Slash/Mulch farming practices.
Green manures in organic farming
Organic farming relies on soil health and cycling of nutrients through the soil using natural processes, such as the addition of animal manures. If animal manures are not available, in a stockless rotation, green manures perform a vital function of fertilization.
Marina Bay MRT station

Marina Bay MRT station (NS27/CE2/TE20) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the North South Line and Circle Line, located on the boundary of Downtown Core and Straits View planning areas in Singapore. The station is designed by Aedas.
It was the southern terminus of the North South Line until late November 2014. However, most trains terminate at Marina Bay instead of Marina South Pier possibly due to the low passenger demand at Marina South Pier. Passengers who are going to Marina South Pier should observe the television screens on the station platforms and listen to announcements which will notify commuters when a train that is terminating at Marina South Pier arrives. Circle Line trains that begin from here terminate at Stadium MRT station, with a few trains terminating at HarbourFront MRT station during peak hours. When the Thomson-East Coast MRT Line opened, it became 3-line interchange.
Marina Bay is mainly used as an interchange station as there are very little buildings nearby.
Exits
A: Marina Station Road, Marina South Pier, Marina Barrage, Bayfront Avenue Taxi Stand
B: Asia Square, Central Boulevard, Marina Bay City Gallery, Marina Bay Financial Centre, Marina Bay Link Mall, Marina Bay Residences, Marina Bay Sands, Marina Bay Suites, Marina Boulevard, The Promontory @ Marina Bay
It is possible to walk 500 meters to Downtown MRT station from Exit B of the station.
Shovelnose frog

The shovelnose frogs are nine species of frog in the genus, Hemisus. The is the only genus in the Family Hemisotidae. They are found in tropical and subtropical sub-Saharan Africa.
The shovelnose frogs are medium sized frogs, reaching a length of . They are round-bodied, with short legs. Their head is small and narrow, with a hard, upturned nose.
The shovelnose frogs are digging frogs. They live most of their life underground. The female will dig underground while it is in amplexus. It then will lay the eggs in an underground hole. The male will leave through the tunnel, and the female will stay with the eggs. Once enough rain has fallen, the female will dig, with her nose, towards a water source. The tadpoles will stay there until metamorphosis. The tadpoles may stay out of water for up to a few days.
Unlike most digging frogs, the shovelnose frogs dig head first. Other frogs dig rear first.
Some species are kept as pets.
Great Chicago Fire

The Great Chicago Fire was a large fire that started on Sunday October 8, 1871 in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The fire started out as nine separated fires. It burned until Tuesday October 10, 1871 when rain started to fall.
The fire destroyed and $192,000,000 in property. About 100,000 people were left homeless. Three hundred people died. Because of a large fire the night before, firefighters were too tired to quickly put out these fires.
No one is sure what caused the fire. A legend says that it started when a cow knocked over a lantern in Catherine O'Leary's barn on De Koven Street.
The oldest structure left standing in the area where the fire burned is the Couch family tomb. This stone tomb was built in 1858.
Not all of the city was destroyed. Important places like the Stock Yards, where animals were slaughtered, were not damaged. Neither was the railroad system.
The second red star of the Chicago flag represents the fire.
Data center

Data center is a special building or room built to house a lot of running computer servers. It provides fast network connections between servers to communicate and process a lot of data, and some for talking to the outside world. There are cooling machines to deal with heat from each server and control moisture to stop computers from breaking too fast. There is often an emergency electricity supply from an UPS (or diesel generator) to make sure that computers still work even when mains power goes out. And there are usually some kind of fire extinguishers there to keep fire from computers if there happen to be any.
Data centers are normally built and used by companies that need a lot of always-on computer, companies that are hired to do computing for someone else (for example, ones that do web hosting), and most modern telecommunication companies.
2001–02 Asian Club Championship

The 2001-02 Asian Cup Championship was 21st and the last Asian Cup Championships. The AFC Champions League was created after this tournament. The champions were Suwon Samsung Bluewings, defeating Anyang LG Cheetahs 0[4] -0[2]. The tournament final was played in Azadi Stadium, Tehran.
Suwon Samsung Bluewings won their second title on this tournament.
Guilt (emotion)

Guilt is a feeling that a person has when they realise or believe that they have done something wrong. This usually depends on that person's own conscience, their understanding of right and wrong. Guilt is usually related to remorse ("feeling sorry"). The American Psychological Association (APA) defines guilt as a "self-conscious emotion" denoted by a "painful appraisal of having done (or thought) something that is wrong." It also notes that such emotion can inspire people to reverse or compensate for perceived wrongdoing.
The origins of guilt as a human emotion are widely debated and theorized within many different disciplines. Examples of avenues through which guilt may be derived include society, culture, religion, and family.
According to Carolyn Zahn-Waxler, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Grazyna Kochanska, professor of developmental psychology at the University of Iowa, people first experience guilt during conscious development in childhood. Because guilt is complex and empathetic, many professionals characterize it as a defining emotion that distinguishes humans from other animals.
Guilt can sometimes cause anxiety. A person may react to their guilt in either a peaceful or violent way. A person might begin blaming the victim of their own actions. Guilt contributes to many psychological conditions and to psychopathy. For example, some researchers suggest that sociopaths have little or no regard for others and therefore feel little guilt. Conversely, people who have schizophrenia or depression feel too much guilt and may find themselves projecting guilt onto hallucinations or ruminating on past mistakes. Additionally, people who experience anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), may become preoccupied with guilt about their thoughts or actions.
Argeș (river)

Arges is a river in the southern part of Romania. It is a tributary of the Danube River.
Tributaries
The following are the tributaries of the Arges River:
Left: Buda, Valea cu Pesti, Valea Lupului, Limpedea, Chiciura, Valea Iasului, Valsan, Valea Satului, Raul Doamnei, Rancaciov, Carcinov, Budisteanca, Sabar, Calnau, Dambovita, Rasa, and Luica.
Right: Capra, Cumpana, Valea lui Stan, Arefu, Banesti, Valea Danului, Tutana, Schiau, Bascov, Neajlov and Zboiul.
Turkana boy

Turkana boy, or Nariokotome boy, is the fossil KNM-WT 15000. It is a nearly complete skeleton of a hominid who died in the early Pleistocene 1.5 million years ago (mya), near present-day Lake Turkana in northwest Kenya. This specimen is the most complete early human skeleton ever found. It was first classified as Homo erectus; after much heated debate, it was re-classified as Homo ergaster.
His age at death has been estimated from 7 years six months to as old as 15 years. The most recent scientific review suggests 8 years of age. It was first thought that he would have grown to 1.85 m tall, but recently a height of 1.63 m was proposed. Research showed that his growth differed from that of modern humans: he would have had a shorter and smaller adolescent growth spurt.
The skeleton was discovered in 1984 by Kamoya Kimeu, a member of a team led by Richard Leakey, at Nariokotome near Lake Turkana in northwest Kenya.
Adolescence and maturity
The shape of the pelvis identifies that the specimen was a male. His estimated age at death depends upon whether the maturity stage of his teeth or skeletal is used, and whether that maturity is compared to that of modern humans or chimpanzees.
A key factor here is that while modern humans have a marked adolescent growth spurt, chimpanzees do not. While initial research assumed a modern human type of growth, more recent evidence from other fossils suggests this was less present in early Homo. This affects the estimation of both his age and his likely stature as a fully grown adult.
Morphology
The pelvis is narrower than in Homo sapiens, which might indicate more efficient running, whether to run down small game or to avoid predators. The Boy was relatively tall, which would have increased his surface area and helped him to lose heat.
Body hair may also have been thinner to hasten cooling. Body hair was lost in the shift towards savanna living. In equatorial Africa, modern humans evolved this trait an estimated one million years ago.
The skeleton still had features (such as a low sloping forehead, strong brow ridges, and the absence of a chin) not seen in H. sapiens. The arms were slightly longer. Turkana Boy had a projecting nose rather than the open flat nose seen in apes.
Arrondissement of Besançon

The arrondissement of Besancon is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Doubs departement in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Besancon.
History
When the arrondissements of Doubs were created in 1800, Besancon was one of them in the Doubs department.
Geography
The arrondissement of Besancon is in the western part of the Doubs department and it has an area of , and a population of 248,199 inhabitants; its population density is of inhabitants/km2.
The arrondissement of Besancon is bordered to the west and north by the Haute-Saone department, to the northeast by the arrondissement Montbeliard, to the east by the arrondissement Pontarlier and to the south by the Jura department.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
Lincolnton, North Carolina

Lincolnton is a small city in Lincoln County, North Carolina, United States, within the Charlotte metropolitan area. The population was 10,683 at the 2010 census. Lincolnton is northwest of Charlotte. The city is the county seat of Lincoln County.
List of towns in Ontario

A town is a sub-type of municipalities in the Canadian province of Ontario.
Lady with black hat (Amisani)

Lady with black hat (also known as Signora con cappello nero) is a 19th-century painted, in oil by the italian noble painter Giuseppe Amisani, made in 1913 his part of the official collection of Metropolitan City of Milan.
Description
Small oil painting by Giuseppe Amisani, depicting a half-length woman, with the profile facing left: she is wearing a large black hat and a black dress with a white shirt.
Conrad Totman

Conrad Davis Totman (born January 5, 1934) is an American historian, academic, writer, translator and Japan studies expert. Totman is a retired professor at Yale University.
Early life
Totman was born in Conway, Massachusetts. He studied at the University of Massachusetts. He was granted a Ph.D. in Asian history at Harvard University in 1964.
Career
Totman taught Japanese history at the University of California at Santa Barbara, at Northwestern University, and at Yale. He retired from Yale in 1997.
Select works
In an overview of writings by and about Totman, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 30+ works in 140+ publications in 4 languages and 7,800+ library holdings.
Ramah, Colorado

Ramah is a town in El Paso County, Colorado, United States. The population was 123 at the 2010 census. The name comes from from India.
Krebs cycle

The Krebs cycle (named after Hans Krebs) is a part of cellular respiration. Its other names are the citric acid cycle, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle).
The "Krebs cycle" is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms in their energy conversion processes. It is important to many biochemical pathways. This suggests that it was one of the earliest parts of cellular metabolism to evolve.
The Krebs cycle comes after the link reaction and provides the hydrogen and electrons needed for the electron transport chain. It takes place inside mitochondria.
Summary
The diagram below shows how this part of respiration is an ever-repeating cycle which produces ATP and gives off CO2. The ATP is a molecule which carries energy in chemical form to be used in other cell processes. To summarize:
Two molecules of carbon dioxide are given off
One molecule of GTP is formed
Three molecules of NAD+ are combined with hydrogen (NAD+ - NADH)
One molecule of FAD combines with hydrogen (FAD - FADH2)
Because two acetyl-CoA molecules are produced from each glucose molecule, two cycles are required per glucose molecule. Therefore, at the end of two cycles, the products are: two ATP, six NADH, two FADH2 two QH2 (ubiquinol) and four CO2.
Muse, Oklahoma

Muse is an unincorporated community in Le Flore County, Oklahoma, United States. Muse is located along Oklahoma State Highway 63 southeast of Talihina.
Céret

Ceret is a commune in the Pyrenees-Orientales department in southern France. It was the capital of the historic Catalan comarque of Vallespir.
It is a subprefecture in the department and the capital of the Ceret arrondissement.
Name of the city
The name Ceret comes from the Catalan name for the town: Ceret.
Former known names of Ceret are, in order of appearance, vicus Sirisidum in 814, vico Cereto in 866, villa Cerseto in 915, vigo Ceresido in 930, also Cered and Ceriteto in the 10th century, Ceret, Cericeto in the XIth and XIIth centuries, Cirset around 1070, Cersed (one of the most common forms) in 1130 and Cerset in 1138, and from the XIIIth to the XVth centuries Cereto, Ceret, Seret and Saret. Ceret becomes the most common form around the XVIth century.
Geography
Ceret lies in the foothills of the Pyrenees mountains, in southern France. It is in the valley of the Tech river.
It has an area of and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . The lowest point () of the commune is on the Tech river and the highest is on the Roc de Frausa ().
The commune is at from Perpignan, from Montpellier and at from Toulouse. It is surrounded by the communes Vives, Saint-Jean-Pla-de-Corts, Maureillas-las-Illas, Reynes, Oms.
Climate
The climate of Ceret, in the Koppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Ceret are known, in French, as ceretans (women: ceretanes).
With a population in 2014 of 7,663, Ceret has a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Ceret
Administration
Ceret is a subprefecture of the Pyrenees-Orientales department since 1790. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Ceret and the administrative centre () of the canton Vallespir-Alberes with 13 communes and 29,894 inhabitants in 2014.
It is part of the intercommunality Vallespir ().
Mayors
Twin cities
Ceret is a twin town of:
Almonte, Spain
Banyoles, Spain
Luchow, Germany
Economy
The region around Ceret is a major fruit producer, in particular famed for its cherries. The first of the season's pick are, by local tradition, sent to France's President. Ceret has a cherry festival each year. The cherry season is during the end of April and May.
Sites of interest
Ceret is famous for its Musee d'Art Moderne (Museum of Modern Art), which has numerous Picasso paintings, sculptures and ceramics. The museum also features paintings by Chagall, Matisse, Herbin, Soutine, lots of Fauves and a few Impressionists.
The Museum of Musical Instruments opened in May 2013 and has a unique collection of instruments and musical scores.
The Pont du Diable (Devil's Bridge) is a single arch stone bridge built between 1321 and 1341.
CryEngine

CryEngine is a game engine designed by the German game developer Crytek. It has been used in games made by Crytek and other third-party games. Ubisoft, the current owner of the Far Cry franchise, uses a modified version of CryEngine called the Dunia Engine.
Monkey Wrench (song)

"Monkey Wrench" is the first single from Foo Fighters second album The Colour and the Shape. The song is about the ending of Dave Grohl's four year marriage to Jennifer Youngblood.
The song peaked at #9 on the Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song was released on 28 April 1997 in the United States.
Kristel Marbach

Kristel Marbach (born 14 November 1988) is a Swiss volleyball player.
She played at the 2013 Montreux Volley Masters, 2013 CEV Volleyball European Championship, and 2015 CEV Volleyball European Championship. She played for Volleyball Franches-Montagnes, Volley Koniz, and TSV Dudingen.
Old Style and New Style dates

Old Style (or O.S.) and New Style (or N.S.) are terms used for calendar dates in English language historical studies, for two reasons. The first reason is that the method of dating that is most widely used around the world today, the Gregorian calendar, was introduced into English cultures only in 1752. The second is that 1 January has not always been the first day of the year: in the British Empire (and some other countries), March 25th was the start of the year. Both of these conventions changed just a few centuries ago, when the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 was made law. The dating style used before 1752Juian Calendar, year beginning 25 March is called Old Style Dating and the dating style used todayGregorian Caledar, year beginning 1 January is called New Style Dating. So when a date is given in a history book (or an old book), we need to know whether it is using 'New Style' or 'Old Style' dating. During the time of the changeover, people would give both dates. Even today, when historians are writing about an event in those times, they often give the date as it was used at the time but also give the modern equivalent for your convenience.
The reason for changing the calendar was that people realised that there is a mistake in the Julian calendar, that it adds too many leap years. This meant that the date of Easter was being calculated wrongly, because it depends on March 21 being the day before the equinox. So they designed a new calendar that corrected this error. The new rule was that a leap year would happen every four years (as before) but not if the year ended in 00 unless it could be divided evenly by 400. (So 1600 and 2000 were leap years, but 1700, 1800 and 1900 were not.) Pope Gregory XIII had declared that this new calendar should be used from 1582 onwards. But only Roman Catholic countries accepted this ruling: Protestant and Eastern Orthodox countries refused to have the Pope tell them what to do. So even in Europe, the change happened at different times.
For example, it was not until 1752 that Great Britain and its colonies changed over to the new calendar, also changing the start of the year from 25 March to 1 January at the same time. Russia changed in 1918, after the 'October' Revolution.
The Latin words for O.S. are stili veteris or stilo vetere. These terms are used in some books worldwide. They can be shortened to st.v.
In Europe and its colonies, the 'old style calendar' means the Julian calendar. Other countries used different systems: for example China, Japan and Korea used lunisolar calendars.
Trenton, Tennessee

Trenton is a city in Gibson County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 4,264 at the 2010 census, down from 4,683 in 2000. It is the county seat of Gibson County, and its third largest city.
Brown Eyed Soul (band)

Brown Eyed Soul is a Korean musical singing group. The 4 men in the band are Naul, Jung-Yeop, Sung-Hun, & Young-Jun. Their genre is soul pop and R&B. Brown Eyed Soul made their debut in 2003 with their 1st album Soul Free. Their 2nd album, The Wind, The Sea, The Rain was released in 2007. They took four years to release their 2nd album. Although 4 years was a long time, they still had many fans. Their 2nd album sold about 100,000 copies. It helped them win the R&B award at the 5th Korean Music awards in 2008.
Brown Eyed Soul have not appeared on television which is very unusual in Korea where most groups appear regularly. Brown Eyed Soul's popularity is not their looks or their dancing, but their music.
Aryabhata

Aryabhata (476-550 CE) was an Indian mathematician and an astronomer. He discovered zero.
1118

1118 was a common year.
Events
January 24 - Pope Gelasius II succeeds Pope Paschal II as the 161st pope.
March 10 - Gregory VIII is elected antipope.
June 11 - Roger of Salerno, Prince of Antioch, captures Azaz from the Seljuk Turks.
December 18 - Alfonso the Battler expels the Moors from Zaragoza.
Europe
Thorlakur Runolfsson becomes Bishop of Skalholt.
Enna mac Donnchada mac Murchada becomes King of Dublin.
Cu Faifne mac Congalaig becomes King of Ui Failghe.
Maelsechlainn Ua Faelain becomes King of the Deisi Muman.
The cantrefs of Rhos and Rhufoniog are annexed by Gruffydd ap Cynan, King of Gwynedd.
The Archbishop of York is no longer required to be crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Reconstruction begins on Peterborough Cathedral, destroyed by fire in 1116.
Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona captures Tarragona from the Moors.
A rebellion against Henry I of England breaks out in Normandy.
Alberich of Rheims becomes Master at the school of Rheims.
Charles I, Count of Flanders marries Margaret of Clermont.
Amaury IV of Montfort divorces his wife Richilde, daughter of Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut.
Wulgrin III becomes Count of Angouleme.
Gervais becomes Count of Rethel.
The castle of Montlhery is dismantled by Louis VI of France.
The cathedral of Ferentino is completed.
Restoration of Santa Maria in Cosmedin begins.
Magdeburg is almost destroyed by fire.
Reichenbach Abbey is founded.
Zwickau, Eisenstadt, Kirchgandern, and Wolfenbuttel are first mentioned.
Otto of Bamberg is suspended by the Pope, and Norbert of Xanten defends himself against charges of heresy at the Synod of Fritzlar.
Dorde, Vojislavljevic' ruler of Serbia, is overthrown by Uros I of Raska.
George of Duklja is overthrown by his cousin Grubesa.
Radostl becomes Bishop of Krakow.
Zbraslav, now part of Prague, is founded.
Sylvestr becomes bishop of Pereyaslavl Yuzhniy.
The Knights Templar are founded, with Hughes de Payens serving as the first Grand Master.
Asia
John II Comnenus succeeds Alexius I as Byzantine emperor.
The Byzantine general Philocales captures Sardis from the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum.
Baldwin I of Jerusalem invades Egypt.
Baldwin of Le Bourg succeeds his cousin Baldwin I as king of Jerusalem.
Roman of Le Puy becomes lord of Oultrejordain.
Joscelin I succeeds Baldwin of Le Bourg as Count of Edessa.
Garmond of Picquigny becomes Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.
Suleyman I ibn al-Ghazi becomes emir of Aleppo.
David IV of Georgia captures Lorri from the Seljuk Turks.
David IV of Georgia settles a number of Kipchaks in Georgia.
Ahmed Sanjar and Mahmud II proclaim themselves rival Seljuk sultans upon the death of Mehmed I of Great Seljuk.
Al-Mustarshid becomes Abbasid caliph.
Bahram Shah becomes Ghaznavid emperor.
The Hoysala Empire defeats the Chalukya at the Battle of Kennagal.
The Zenghe era of Emperor Huizong of Song China ends, and the Chonghe era begins.
The Yongning era of Emperor Chongzong of Western Xia ends.
Start of the Genei era in Japan.
Tokio Jokio

Tokio Jokio is a 1943 Looney Tunes propaganda short movie directed by U.S. Corporal Norman McCabe and released to movie theaters by RKO Radio Pictures. It stars Mel Blanc. The movie presents itself as a Tokyo newscast about all areas of everyday living in Japan, with the Japanese depicted as being incompetent. The film has been controversial for its racist depictions of Japanese people.
Banco Entre Ríos

The Bank of Entre Rios () (BER) is a financial services and commercial bank based in the Entre Rios Province has the largest territorial coverage, reaching 83 percent of the inhabitants of the district.
History
Founded in 1933 and under the management of the Banco San Juan Group since 2005, the bank is a tool for the international trade operations of companies in the region. It participates in trade missions and has a range of international payment and collection instruments.
It has an extensive network of branches and dependencies, which are concentrated in the area of financial services to the private and public sectors.
Duttlenheim

Duttlenheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France. It is about southwest of Strasbourg, and about 20 km from the German border.
Former football manager of Arsenal F.C. Arsene Wenger grew up here.
The Battle for Wesnoth

The Battle for Wesnoth (or just Wesnoth) is a strategy video game. It is designed by David White and the first released was made in June 2003.
The game is available under the GPL license. The 1.14.5 version is the last release and was made the 18 September 2018.
Development
The game is programmed in C++. It is cross-platform and runs on AmigaOS 4, BeOS, FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, MorphOS, NetBSD, OpenBSD, RISC OS, iOS, Solaris and Android.
The project has a very big community and counts many contributors too. Some developers are well-known authors of other free and open-source projects. For example, there are Eric S. Raymond or Rusty Russell.
The game is translated in more than 50 languages. In 10 of them, the game is very well translated (These languages have more than 95% of messages translated).
Castelnau-d'Anglès

Castelnau-d'Angles is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Calcite

Calcite is one of the most common minerals on the Earth's surface. It is a often part of sedimentary rocks, especially limestone. It is also the primary mineral in metamorphic marble.
It is a chemical or biochemical calcium carbonate with the formula CaCO3. It is a carbonate mineral. It can be a vein mineral in deposits from hot springs, and in caverns as stalactites and stalagmites.
Ahmednagar

Ahmednagar is a city of Ahmednagar District in the state of Maharashtra, India, on the left bank of the Sina river, about 120 kilometres northeast of Pune and 120 kilometres from Aurangabad.
Foreign Land (movie)

Foreign Land () is a 1995 Brazilian action movie directed by Walter Salles and Daniela Thomas. It stars Alberto Alexandre, Fernando Alves Pinto, Alexandre Borges, Laura Cardoso, Miguel Guilherme, Zeka Laplaine, Fernanda Torres.
Guadarrama

Guadarrama is a village in the nothwestern part of the community of Madrid, in Spain. The population of Guadarrama is almost 15,000 people. In summer, there can be 60,000 people.
Guadarrama has become an important tourist point. It is a second home for many people from Madrid.
Guadarrama is near the "Sierra of Guadarrama".
List of solar thermal power stations

This is a list of solar thermal power stations. These include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power plant in the US, Solnova solar power station (Spain, 150 MW), Andasol solar power station (Spain, 100 MW), Nevada Solar One (USA, 64 MW), PS20 solar power tower (Spain, 20 MW), and the PS10 solar power tower (Spain, 11 MW). Many other plants are under construction or planned, mainly in Spain and the USA. In developing countries, three World Bank projects for integrated solar thermal/combined-cycle gas-turbine power plants in Egypt, Mexico, and Morocco have been approved.
Dezej

Dezej (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,292, in 559 families.
List of years

This page indexes the individual years pages.
3rd millennium
21st century
2nd millennium
20th century
19th century
18th century
17th century
16th century
15th century
14th century
13th century
12th century
11th century
1st millennium
10th century
9th century
8th century
7th century
6th century
5th century
4th century
3rd century
2nd century
1st century
1st millennium BC
1st century BC
2nd century BC
3rd century BC
4th century BC
5th century BC
6th century BC
7th century BC
8th century BC
For these years and earlier, see List of decades.
Platyzoa

The Platyzoa ("flat animals") are a group of protostomes proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1998. This is a taxon above the level of phylum, and is not part of the usual system of classification.
Cavalier-Smith included here the Platyhelminthes (flatworms), and a new phylum Acanthognatha, into which he gathered several previously described phyla of microscopic animals. Subsequent studies have supported Platyzoa as a viable clade, while differing on the phyla included and on relationships within Platyzoa.
Wimberley, Texas

Wimberley is a city in Hays County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,626 at the 2010 census.
Biel/Bienne

Biel/Bienne (official name; Biel is German, Bienne is French) is an industrial town in Switzerland. It is in the part of Switzerland named Bern and near the city also named Bern. The town is known for many companies that make watches and machines.
Description
The town of Biel, the capital of Swiss watch-making, lies at the end of Lake Biel, at the foot of the Jura Hills in the Lake Region.
The wonderful old town with its town church and its location as the gateway to the three Jura lakes (Lakes Biel, Lake Neuchatel and Lake Murten) with vineyards on the hillsides and extensive vegetable cultivation make the town very attractive.
Biel is the only town in Switzerland in which German and French are spoken side by side We can feel the relaxed mentality here coming from the mixture of these three languages.
Biel was awarded the Wakker Prize in 2004 by the Swiss Heritage Society for the way it conserved its 20th century buildings, especially the 'new construction' from the 1920s and 30s.
Swatch, Rolex, Omega, Tissot, Movado and Mikron all come from this town. But Biel has also become important in the field of other industries and in communication.
It is possible to travel on various routes along the lakes on passenger boats in summer. The day trip through all three Jura lakes is especially popular. Of course there are all types of water sports on Lake Biel.
Old town
The town of Biel was built by the Prince-Bishop of Bale between 1220 and 1230. The old town is the smallest part of Biel with only . Most buildings there still look as in the 18th century. The biggest part of the old town is without any traffic. There aren't any big stores or industries or any big companies. Each Saturday there is a market. The castle, "the ring" and the theatre are very popular. The town church is on the "Ringplatz" and was built between 1451 and 1470.There they burned the witches in the 18th century. From the 6 medieval city gates only one and two towers survived.
Heritage sites
The entire town of Biel is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites. Several individual buildings in the old town have also been protected for their cultural heritage.
The Reformed City Church is one of the most important late-Gothic buildings in the Canton of Bern. The church has a main floor, two second floors and four small chapels. There are some wall-paintings in the church. Most windows are among the oldest ones in Switzerland. The church was first written about in an index in 1228. After a horrible fire in the old town the church was destroyed. It was rebuilt between 1367 and 1451. The town church got on a new organ on 6th November 2011. The church was closed for more than half a year to put the new organ in and to improve the inside of the church. It cost about 1,74 million Swiss francs. The old organ was sent to Poland.
Language
About 57% of the people in Biel speak German as their mother tongue. The remaining 43% speak French as their mother tongue. That is why the city has two names.
Hairpin turn

A hairpin turn (also hairpin bend, hairpin corner, or just hairpin), is a very tight corner. It makes a vehicle turn almost 180deg to continue on the road. It gets its name from the way it looks like a hairpin or bobby pin. Hairpin turns may be called switchbacks in American English.
Hairpin turns may be built when a road or path climbs up or down a steep slope. This allows the path to travel the slope with a smaller slope. Hairpin turns may be used in race tracks to slow down the race cars after a long, fast straight.
North Lawn (White House)

The North Lawn at the White House in Washington, D.C., is bordered on the north by Pennsylvania Avenue with a wide view of the mansion, and is from the East Executive Drive and the Treasury Building, and on the west from West Executive Drive and the Old Executive Office Building. the North Lawn is sometimes described as the front lawn.
Buildings and structures in Washington, D.C.
Maurice Allais

Maurice Felix Charles Allais (31 May 19119 October 2010) was a French physicist and economist. He won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1988. He was best known for his works about neoclassical synthesis.
William Blinn

William Frederick Blinn (July 21, 1937 -- October 22, 2020) was an American screenwriter and television producer. He was born in Toledo, Ohio. Blinn wrote episodes of Rawhide, Here Come the Brides, Gunsmoke, The Rookies, and Fame. He won two Emmy Awards.
Blinn died on October 22, 2020 in Burbank, California at the age of 83.
Saint-Denœux

Saint-Denoeux is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Asigliano Vercellese

Asigliano Vercellese is a comune in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region of Piedmont. It is about northeast of Turin and about south of Vercelli.
Suong, Cambodia

Suong is a city in Cambodia. It is in Kampong Cham Province.
Étang Saumâtre

Etang Saumatre (in English, brackish pond) is the largest lake of Haiti. It is the second largest lake of Hispaniola, after Lake Enriquillo. It is also known as Lake Azuei. It is known as Lago del Fondo in the Dominican Republic. Its Taino name was Yainagua.
The lake is on the arid part of the Plain of the Cul-de-Sac. It is east of Port-au-Prince in the Ouest Department. Its eastern side is part of the border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic; the Dominican city of Jimani is at less than 1 km from the southeast end of the lake.
The salt-water lake has a length, from northwest to southeast, of . Its maximum width is . The total area is .
The water of the lake is dark blue. Its salinity is about one fifth (1/5) the salinity of sea water. Very few small rivers flow into the lake.
Many water birds visit the lake to feed, including flamingos. There are also American crocodiles and some fishes including tilapia. Because it is an arid region, the vegetation around the lake is poor with cacti and small shrubs.
Full Moon

Full Moon may refer to:
Full moon, the phase of the moon
Full Moon (band), a late '70s/early '80s hard rock band
Full Moon (album), a 2002 album by Brandy Norwood which also includes a song of the same name:
Full Moon (song)
FullMoon, the 4th Sonata Arctica demo under the name Tricky Means.
Yuzo Minami

Yuzo Minami (born 17 November 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for V-Varen Nagasaki.
Morrens

Morrens is a municipality of the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Heidenheim, Bavaria

Heidenheim () is a municipality in Weissenburg-Gunzenhausen in Bavaria, Germany.
Heidenheim is an old German market town, which lives in the administrative region of Middle Franconia in the middle of Bavaria. It belongs to the rural district Weissenburg-Gunzenhausen.
It is the administrative center of the local region called Hahnenkamm.
Geography
Heidenheim is in the administration region West Middle Franconia (Westmittelfranken). Following local subdistricts belong to Heidenheim: Degersheim, Hechlingen am See, Hohentrudingen.
Bus garage

A bus garage or bus depot is a place where buses are stored and repaired. Bus garages can also be called a bus depot but in some countries a bus depot can also mean a bus station. In many areas, bus garages are on the site of former tram sheds, where trams were stored, before they were replaced with buses. In other areas, garages were built to replace horse-bus yards.
The largest bus depot in the world is Millennium Park Bus Depot In Delhi India.
Most bus garages will contain:
Internal parking - Buses and recovery vehicles will be parked inside the garages
External parking - Staff cars and some buses can be parked outside of the bus garages
Fueling point - For putting petrol or diesel in buses
Fuel storage tanks - For storing fuel
Engineering section - To fix and repair buses
Inspection pits - A pit in the ground, To look under and fix under buses
Bus wash
Brake test lane - To test the brakes on buses
Staff canteen/break room
Administration office
Garages may also contain recovery vehicles.
Continental philosophers

Continental philosophers are a group of philosophers mainly from continental Europe (especially France and Germany). Continental philosophy includes philosophical movements from the 19th century and after. The term became popular among researchers in England after World War II. It is often used to separate from analytic philosophy. Being a philosopher from continental Europe is not quite the same as being a continental philosopher. Some continental philosophers are from other parts of the world.
There are many movements within continental philosophy, such as: critical theory, deconstruction, existentialism, German idealism, Hegelianism, Marxism, Nietzscheanism, phenomenology, postmodernism, and others.
Soviet submarine S-363

Soviet submarine S-363 (unofficial Swedish name: U137) was a Soviet submarine that ran aground outside the town of Karlskrona in Sweden on 27 October 1981. On 5 November the same year, it was led out of Swedish territorial waters.
Satoshi Tsunami

is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team. His son Yuta Tsunami is also a footballer.
Biography
Tsunami was born in Setagaya, Tokyo on August 14, 1961. He joined Yomiuri (later Verdy Kawasaki) from their youth team in 1980. The club won the champions in Japan Soccer League 5 times, JSL Cup 3 times and Emperor's Cup 3 times. This was golden era in club history. He was also selected Best Eleven 3 times (1982, 1983 and 1984). In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and founded new league J1 League. However he lost opportunity to play after that. Toward the end of his career, he played for Avispa Fukuoka (1996-1997) and Bellmare Hiratsuka (1997-1998). He retired in 1998. He played 267 games and scored 5 goals in the league.
In December 1980, Tsunami was selected the Japan national team for 1982 World Cup qualification. At this qualification, he debuted against Singapore on December 22. He also played at 1984 Summer Olympics qualification, 1988 Summer Olympics qualification and 1986 World Cup qualification. After 1988 Summer Olympics qualification in 1987, he ceased to be selected Japan.
In May 1992, Tsunami was selected Japan for the first time in 5 years. He was a member of the Japan team that won the 1992 Asian Cup. He played all the Japan games except one for which he wasn't eligible due to suspension.
He also played all matches at 1994 World Cup qualification in spring 1993. However he injured his left ankle in domestic league match in May. So, he could not play any game in the final round that was centrally held in Doha, Qatar in October. Japan's hope to qualify for the finals was dashed by a stoppage time Iraqi equaliser in the last qualifying match. The Japanese fans now refer to this match as the "Agony of Doha" (dohanoBei Ju ), and his absence was one of the main reasons why Japan's campaign ended up unsuccessful. He played 78 games and scored 2 goals for the Japan until 1995.
After the retirement, Tsunami started coaching career at Verdy Kawasaki (later Tokyo Verdy) in 1999. He mainly served as manager for the youth team. In 2005, he moved to Vegalta Sendai and became a top team manager. In 2006, he returned to Verdy and became an assistant coach for top team under manager Ruy Ramos. In 2007, he moved to Cerezo Osaka and became a manager. However the club results were sluggish and he was sacked in May. In 2008, he signed with Yokohama FC and managed the club in 1 season.
Alice Faye

Alice Faye (May 5, 1915 - May 9, 1998) was an American singer and actress. She was first in movies made by the 20th Century Fox, and then in other movies. She sang the Academy Award winning "You'll Never Know", a 1943 song. She also acted in the movie Poor Little Rich Girl in 1936 with Shirley Temple.
Faye was born in New York City. She died from stomach cancer at age eighty-three.