kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Portuguese language

Portuguese () is a Romance language. It came from Galician-Portuguese, which was first spoken in Northwestern Iberia. It then spread south and split. During the colonial era, Portuguese was also spread to Brazil and other parts of the world.
Where it is spoken
The Portuguese language is the third-most spoken western language (after English and Spanish). There are about 240 million native speakers, including the people of Portugal, Brazil, and Cape Verde (Cabo Verde). It is also an official language of Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Angola, Mozambique (Mocambique), Equatorial Guinea, and Sao Tome and Principe (Sao Tome e Principe), which have Portuguese as the lingua franca, but native languages are also spoken. It is also an official language in East Timor and Macau.
Also, some enclaves in Asia, such as Goa and Daman and Diu, in India; Flores, Indonesia; and Malacca, Malaysia, have Portuguese-speakers, and it is a minority language in Venezuela, Canada, Uruguay, Namibia, Romania, Turkey, Israel, and the United States.
Vocabulary
Portuguese and English have words that mean the same and are similar as well. The words came from the same languages (usually Latin, Greek or Arabic).
Visao Vision
Informacao Information
Confuso Confused
Baptismo Baptism
Artigo Article
Capital Capital
Total Total
Mapa Map
Problema Problem
Historia History
Some English words come from Portuguese, such as tank (tanque), cacao (cacau), marmalade (marmelada from marmelo "quince"), caramel, molasses, mosquito, cobra, breeze (brisa), albino, coconut, zebra, pagoda, Mandarin, buccaneer, fetish, tapioca and commando.
The Portuguese word parentes is similar to the English word "parents", but it means "relatives", and the Portuguese word to mean "parents" is pais.
Sample phrases
Hello!
Hi!
Como estas? How are you?
Estou bem, obrigado! I'm ok thanks!
How are you?
Tu falas Portugues? Do you speak Portuguese?
I speak Portuguese.
I do not speak Portuguese.
Tenho que ir, tchau! I have to go, goodbye!
See you soon!
Bye!
O que estas a fazer? What are you doing?
I'm 18 years old.
Different versions
Portuguese is the official language of all countries of the CPLP (Comunidade dos paises de lingua portuguesa, "Community of Portuguese Language Countries"). The Portuguese-speaking countries have more than 240 million people across the world.
The CPLP was formed in 1996 with seven countries: Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, and Sao Tome and Principe. East Timor joined in 2002.
The CPLP nations speak Portuguese with different accents. In some regions of Brazil (the country has 81% of the world's Portuguese-speakers), tu'("you" but used only to family and close friends) is not used as much as in Portugal. Also, regional slang can be found in different areas. The Portuguese Orthographic Agreement of 1990 (Acordo Ortografico de 1990) tries to get rid of some of the differences in spelling.
Karasjok

( ; ) is a municipality in the Finnmark area of Troms og Finnmark county, Norway.
The municipality (of which the urban area is a part,) has Sami (or Sami) and Norwegian as official languages.
The municipality is one of two in Norway where the majority of inhabitants speak Sami and have it as their main language.
History
Before the beginning of the 1700s, there might not have been a permanent population there. However the area was used by nomads.
World War II
During World War II a Nazi concentration camp was built in Karasjok: Lager IV Karasjok (German for "Karasjok Camp No.4", ). The camp was run by SS, and it was among the first four Nazi concentration camps in Northern Norway.
In July 1943, 374 political prisoners and POWs prisoners [mostly Yugoslav,] were brought to the concentration camp. They were tasked with widening the road to Karigasniemi, Finland. After four or five months, only 111 of these prisoners were still alive. At the end of the prisoners' stay in Karasjok, before transportation out of Karasjok, 45 prisoners were massacred by the firing of small arms. At least one former prisoner is (as of 2013) still alive.
After World War II
In 2015 the second edition of Sapmi Pride, the LGBT pride festival, was held in Karasjok. To protest homosexuals attending the Karasjok Church, and to protest that a female priest held the services, Norges Samemisjon cancelled one of their radio broadcasts.
Education
Main language of students at secondary school
The Sami secondary school, is one of two in Norway (as of 2014); 73% of the schools students say that Sami is their main language; 27% say that Sami is their second language (as of the school year that started in [August] 2009 and ended in [June] 2010); That school is run by the government.
Izard County, Arkansas

Izard County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,577. The county seat is Melbourne. It was founded on October 27, 1825.
Linus Pauling

Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 - August 19, 1994) was an American scientist, peace activist, author and educator. He was one of the most important chemists in history.
Pauling was one of the first scientists to work in quantum chemistry, molecular biology and orthomolecular medicine. He is one of a small group of people to have been given more than one Nobel Prize. He is one of only two people to receive them in different fields (the other person was Marie Curie) and the only person in that group to have been awarded each of his prizes without having to share it with another winner.
Life and education
Pauling was born and grew-up in Oregon, USA. He went to Oregon Agricultural College and graduated in 1922 with a degree in chemical engineering. Pauling then went to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), where he received his Ph. D in physical chemistry and mathematical physics in 1925. Two years later, he became an assistant professor at Caltech, and he completed his academic career there after many decades on the faculty. He was a Unitarian.
Work and awards
In 1932, Pauling came up with the idea of electronegativity and made a scale that would help predict the chemical bonding. Pauling kept doing this work while he also did work on the structure of the atomic nucleus.
In 1954, Pauling was given the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work that he did on the structure of DNA. This work led scientists in the UK to come up with the double helix of DNA.
During the Second World War, Pauling worked on military research and development. But, after the war had ended he became worried about the making and future use of atomic weapons and with the destruction forced on the world by war. Ava Helen Pauling, Linus's wife, was a pacifist and in time he came to share her beliefs. Pauling then began to talk about his worries with the effects of nuclear fallout and in 1962, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work against above ground nuclear testing.
Work as author and teacher
Pauling was also an author and a teacher. His first book, The Nature of the Chemical Bond (1939), is still used today. his introductory textbook, General Chemistry (1949). Later in life, he became an advocate for greatly increased consumption of vitamin C and other nutrients. He generalized his ideas to define orthomolecular medicine, which is still regarded as unorthodox by conventional medicine. He popularized his concepts, analyses, research and insights in several successful but controversial books, such as How to Live Longer and Feel Better in 1986.
Death
Pauling died of prostate cancer on August 19, 1994, at 7:20 PM at home in Big Sur, California. He was 93 years old. A grave marker for him is in Oswego Pioneer Cemetery in Lake Oswego, Oregon.
Honors and awards
Pauling received numerous awards and honors during his career. Following are awards and honors he has received.
John Robert Schrieffer

John Robert Schrieffer (; May 31, 1931 - July 27, 2019) was an American physicist. With John Bardeen and Leon Cooper, he was a recipient of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was known for developing the BCS theory. It was the first successful quantum theory of superconductivity.
In 2005, Schrieffer fell asleep while driving and received a sentence of two years in prison for vehicular manslaughter which killed one, and injured seven other people.
Schrieffer died on July 27, 2019 in Tallahassee, Florida at the age of 88.
Antioch, California

Antioch is a city in the U.S. State of California. It is a suburb of San Francisco. At the 2020 census, 115,291 people lived there.
Junya Kimura

is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
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|2006||rowspan="3"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
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Teju Lal Chaudhary

Teju Lal Chaudhary is a Nepalese politician. He is former state youth and sports minister and current member of the House of Representatives. He was elected in Province No. 2's Saptari-4. He belongs to the Nepalese Congress.
Dhanteras

Dhanteras (Hindi: dhnters), also known as Dhanatrayodashi () or Dhanvantari Trayodashi, is the first day of the festival of Diwali in India and the festival of Tihar in Nepal.
Dhanteras is celebrated on the thirteenth lunar day of Krishna Paksha ("dark fortnight" in the moon's cycle) in the Vikram Samvat Hindu calendar month of Ashwin. Dhanvantari, who is also worshipped on Dhanteras, is the god of Ayurveda who brought and shared the wisdom of Ayurveda for the betterment of mankind and to bring relief from the suffering of disease with Ayurvedic remedies.
The Indian ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy), announced its decision to observe Dhanteras as the "National Ayurveda Day." This day was first observed on October 28, 2016.
A Hard Day's Night (song)

"A Hard Day's Night" is a 1964 song by The Beatles and is the title track to their third studio album A Hard Day's Night. It was taken from the 1964 movie A Hard Day's Night. It topped the single charts in Australia, Canada, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Wilhelm Huberts

Wilhelm Huberts (22 February 1938 - 6 March 2022), also known as Willi Huberts, was an Austrian football player. He was born in Voitsberg, Austria. His playing career lasted from 1955 until 1975. Huberts played for the Austria national football team from 1959 until 1960, making four appearances. Huberts also managed LASK from 1976 until 1978.
Huberts died on 6 March 2022, at the age of 84.
Colleen Ballinger

Colleen Mae Ballinger (born November 21, 1986) is an American YouTuber, comedian, actress, singer and writer. She is best known for her Internet character Miranda Sings, posting videos of the character on YouTube, performing her one-woman comedy act on tours and creating a Netflix original television show based on the character titled Haters Back Off. She was born in Santa Barbara, California.
She guest-starred as Miranda Sings on Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee with Jerry Seinfeld (2014) and has appeared twice on The Tonight Show. Ballinger has released two best-selling books, written in Miranda's voice, Selp-Helf and My Diarrhe.
Personification

Personification is a figure of speech where non-living objects are described to seem like people.
In the arts, personification means representing a non-human thing as if it were human. Personification gives human traits and qualities, such as emotions, desires, sensations, gestures and speech, often by way of a metaphor.
Personification is much used in visual arts. Examples in writing are "the leaves waved in the wind", "the ocean heaved a sigh" or "the Sun smiled at us". In easy language personification is just giving an example of a living being for a non-living thing. "The wind shouted". In these examples, the nonhuman subjects are given human characteristics.
Another commonly used personification is found in stories where animals and legendary creatures are attributed labels for recognition. This is called anthropomorphism.
Alexandra Bastedo

Alexandra Bastedo (9 March 1946 - 12 January 2014) was a British actress and activist. She was best known for her role as secret agent Sharron Macready in the television series The Champions (1968). Bastedo was a vegetarian. She was well known as an animal welfare activist.
She died in hospital on 12 January 2014 from breast cancer.
Grady County

Grady County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Grady County, Georgia
Grady County, Oklahoma
Mike the Knight

Mike the Knight is a Nickelodeon 2011-17 Canadian/British/American CGI children's animated educational TV series Co-Produced by Canadian studio Nelvana and British animation studio HiT Entertainment with Treehouse TV and Nickelodeon.
J. A. Bayona

Juan Antonio Garcia Bayona (born 9 May 1975) is a Spanish movie director. He is best known for directing the movies The Orphanage (2007), The Impossible (2012), A Monster Calls (2016) and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018). He has also directed two episodes of the television series Penny Dreadful.
Bayona was born in Barcelona, Catalonia.
Castillo

Castillo may refer to:
Places
Dominican Republic
Castillo, Dominican Republic, a town in Duarte Province, Dominican Republic
Spain
Castillo, Alava, a village in the Basque Country
Castillo-Albaranez, a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha
Castillo de Garcimunoz, a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha
Castillo-Nuevo, a town in Navarre
Montealegre del Castillo, a municipality in Albacete, Castile-La Mancha
Nicaragua
El Castillo (municipality), a municipality in the Rio San Juan department
El Castillo (village), a village in the Rio San Juan department
Single White Female

Single White Female is a 1992 American thriller movie. The movie stars Bridget Fonda, who plays a young businesswoman looking for a roommate in New York City. The roommate she chooses (played by Jennifer Jason Leigh) initially seems normal. However, she later tries to take over her life and shows that she is a controlling and violent woman who has borderline personality disorder. The film is based on John Lutz's suspense novel SWF Seeks Same. Single White Female was released in August 1992. It was directed by Barbet Schroeder.
Area code 617

Area code 617 is an area code for Massachusetts. It is one of the first area codes created in 1947. It initially covered the entire eastern portion of Massachusetts, but after it was split by 508 in 1988, as well as 781 and 978 in 1997. It now covers the Boston and Cambridge area. It was overlaid by 857 in 2001.
Mineola, Texas

Mineola is a city in Wood County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,515 at the 2010 census.
North Richland Hills, Texas

North Richland Hills is a city inside Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and a mid-to-high end suburb of Dallas and Fort Worth. The population was 63,343 at the 2010 census, making it the third-largest city in Tarrant County.
Avers

Avers () is a municipality of the Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
1594

1594 was a common year in the 16th century.
Events
February 27 - Henry IV of France became the king of France.
March 21 - Henry IV of France entered Paris for the first time.
Spanish grammar

Spanish grammar is the rules for speaking and writing in the Spanish language. It is similar to the grammar of other Romance languages.
Verbs
Verbs in Spanish belong to one of three classes: -ar, -er, and -ir.
Verbs are conjugated (changed) depending on tense and person. That means a verb talking about the past will have a different form than a verb about something happening right now.
Nouns
In Spanish, every noun has a gender, either masculine or feminine.
Adjectives
Adjectives usually go after the noun they describe and change depending on number and person.
Peter Schmeichel

Peter Schmeichel (born 18 November 1963) is a former Danish football player. He has played for Denmark national team.
Schmeichel was a contestant in the 2006 series of Strictly Come Dancing.
Württemberg-Hohenzollern

Wurttemberg-Hohenzollern was one of the original states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its capital was Tubingen.
It was part of the French Zone of Occupation. After a referendum on 16 December 1951 it joined with Wurttemberg-Baden, which had been in the American Zone, and Baden which had also been in the French Zone, and formed the present state of Baden-Wurttemberg on 25 April 1952
After World War the Kingdom of Wurttemberg became the Free Peoples' State of Wurttemberg. After World War II the part of the Free Peoples' State of Wurttemberg and the old Principality of Hohenzollern were joined to make Wurttemberg-Hohenzollern. The name of the Royal family of Prussia was Hohenzollern because they came from this area. This is also why it was always part of Prussia until Prussia was abolished after World War II.
Charles Swenson

Charles Swenson is a producer and director. He worked with animated film for many years. In 1978 he joined Fred Wolf Films, who worked with the 1987 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles animated series.
Clyde Stubblefield

Clyde Stubblefield (April 18, 1943 - February 18, 2017) was an American funk drummer. He began his career around the 1960s. He best known for his work with James Brown. His recordings with James Brown include the singles "Cold Sweat", "There Was a Time", "I Got The Feelin'", "Say It Loud - I'm Black and I'm Proud", "Ain't It Funky Now", "Mother Popcorn", "Get Up, Get Into It, Get Involved" and the album Sex Machine. He was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Stubblefield died from kidney failure on February 18, 2017 in Madison, Wisconsin. He was 73.
False memory

Both perception ("experiencing") and remembering are processes which involve the brain. For this reason, errors do sometimes occur. Errors in perception are commonly called illusions. Emil Kraepelin used the term "Erinnerungsverfalschung" (memory falsification) to speak about false memories.
Perceptions need stimuli to be created. A perception without a stimulus is called hallucination. Much like the difference between illusion and hallucination, Kraepelin wanted to distinguish between a false memory and memories of something that did not really happen, which he called "Erinnerkungsfalschung". Unfortunately, both German terms translate to the same English term.
A false memory is a condition where a person remembers something that did not occur or where the memory does not closely match the occurrence.
Remembering events that did not occur
Using suggestion and hypnosis, it is possible to make people believe they experienced something, when they did not. Such phenomena also occur spontaneously, for example in a stressful situation, or when someone is not sleeping enough.
Lost in the mall
To prove the existence of false memories, an experiment was conducted: People were given small stories of supposed relatives who told how these people were lost in a shopping mall, at age five or six, and how they had to be "rescued" by an adult. The experiment was done with 24 people. Afterwards, six people said that they remembered the event, even though it had never happened.
Mandela effect
False memories can sometimes be shared by multiple people. This is sometimes called the Mandela effect. Examples include memories of the Berenstain Bears' name being spelled Berenstein, and of the existence of a 1990s movie entitled Shazaam starring comedian Sinbad as a genie.
The effect is named after South African anti-Apartheid leader Nelson Mandela after people believed he died in prison in the 1980s (he actually died in 2013, after having served as President of South Africa from 1994-99), which she claimed was shared by "perhaps thousands" of other people.
Legal implications
Sometimes, people are accused of a crime, and often part of the evidence consists of facts other people remember. It is a problem to convict someone of a crime, based only on such evidence. In the case of sexual abuse or of child abuse these memories will usually be bad ones, and the brain will have changed them, as a measure of protection. Before a conviction is done, the court needs to make sure that the conviction does not happen based on the recollection of only one person, as recovering the "facts" behind the memories can be difficult.
Rangpur, Assam

Rangpur was among the few capitals of the Ahom Kingdom. The city was formed in 1707 by Swargadeo Rudra Singha.
Dariusz Gnatowski

Dariusz Gnatowski (24 May 1961 - 20 October 2020) was a Polish actor. He was born in Ruda Slaska, Poland. His career began in 1983. He was known for his roles in Demons of War (1998), With Fire and Sword (1999) but mostly for his role as Boczek in the sitcom Swiat wedlug Kiepskich.
Gnatowski died on 20 October 2020 in Krakow, Poland, aged 59.
Warren Street tube station

Warren Street tube station is a London Underground station. It is on the Charing Cross branch of the Northern line, between Goodge Street and Euston, and the Victoria Line between Oxford Circus and Euston. It is in Travelcard Zone 1 and is the nearest tube station to University College Hospital, being opposite the newly opened main building. It is also very close to Euston Square tube station on the Circle, Hammersmith and City and Metropolitan lines.
Rudaki

Abu Abdullah Jafar ibn Mohammad ibn Hakim ibn Abdurrahman ibn Adam Rudaki Samarghandi (859 - c. 941) () or Rudaki was a Persian poet. He was born in Panjakent, Tajikistan and lived in Samarghand. Rudaki translated the old Indian fable book Panchatantra into Persian verse. His poems are collected in diwan.
COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen

The first confirmed case relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen was announced on 10 April 2020 in Hadhramaut. Organizations called the news a "devastating blow" and a "nightmare scenario" because of the country's lack of healthcare and human rights.
Cases
The first case was confirmed on 10 April, the patient was a 60-year-old man in the southern oil-producing region of Hadhramaut.
On 29 April, Yemen recorded five new cases of coronavirus, including two deaths, all in the southern Yemeni port city of Aden.
David Coote (referee)

David Coote is an English football referee. He is a member of the Nottinghamshire Football Association.
Philidor defence

Philidor's defence, usually called the Philidor, is one of the basic chess openings. It was used often by the 18th century master Francois-Andre Danican Philidor, and he published analysis about it in his textbook L'Analyse du jeu des echecs (1849).
Variations
Philidor's counter-gambit
1.e4 e5
2.Nf3 d6
3.d4 f5
Main line
1.e4 e5
2.Nf3 d6
3.d4 exd4
4.Nxd4 Nf6
5.Nc3 Be7 or 5...g6 followed by 6...Bg7
Transposition
Black can reach a line called the Hanham variation by transposing from the Pirc defence:
1.e4 d6
2.d4 Nf6
3.Nc3 Nbd7
4.Nf3 e5
Kosten, Tony 1992. Winning with the Philidor. Batsford, London.
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville

Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville (23 February 23 1680 Montreal, Quebec - March 7, 1767). He helped colonise North America for France, and was governor of French Louisiana 4 separate times between 1701 and 1743. He is also known as Sieur de Bienville.
His older brother was the explorer Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville.
Mons-Boubert

Mons-Boubert is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Poynings' Law

Poynings' Law (official title 10 Henry 7.c22) was a law passed by the Irish Parliament in 1495 during the reign of Henry VII of England, King of England and Lord of Ireland sponsored by his Lord Deputy Sir Edward Poynings at a session in Drogheda. It limited the power of the Irish Parliament and gave the English Parliament and monarch veto power over its legislation. The overall points of the law were:
no Parliament in Ireland would convene until the King of England and the English Parliament had been informed of its reasons for meeting and its legislation and its laws would have to then be approved by both King and the English Parliament to become.
All previous English Parliament laws would also become law in Ireland, although new English Parliament laws would not
the Statute of Kilkenny was restored, except for the ban on using the Irish language
it was a felony to allow anti-government rebels on march lands
coyne and livery were outlawed
Irish war cries were now outlawed.
The primary reason for its passage was because the Wars of the Roses had weakened England's stance in Ireland and Sir Edward wanted to restore order and English control to Ireland. It was repealed in 1782.
Atuhaire Ambala

Atuhaire Ogola Ambala is a swimmer from Uganda. Atuhaire competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was born on 26 April 2001.
Todd Muller

Todd Michael Muller (; born 23 December 1968) is a New Zealand politician. He was the Leader of the New Zealand National Party and the Leader of the Opposition from 22 May to 14 July 2020.
He entered Parliament at the 2014 general election as the MP for Bay of Plenty.
Muller resigned on 14 July 2020, stating, "I am not the best person to be Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the New Zealand National Party at this critical time for New Zealand" and that the role has had a negative impact on his health. At just 53 days, Muller is the shortest serving leader of any political party represented in Parliament in New Zealand's history.
Amanda-Jade Wellington

Amanda-Jade Wellington is a cricketer from Australia. Wellington plays for the Australia women's national cricket team. She was born on May 29, 1997.
Bircham International University

Bircham International University is an educational institution of higher education. It uses distance education. It offers adult degree programs. It is registered in Spain and Delaware. In the past it operated from the Bahamas or the United Kingdom. It has no recognized educational accreditation in any of these places.
It is a member of the European Foundation for Quality in eLearning. It is also a member of the International Accreditation and Recognition Council, an unrecognized accreditation agency in the United States. Bircham states that it was accredited by the American Association for Higher Education and Accreditation in 2010. This organization is not a recognized accreditation body.
Polypeptide

A polypeptide is a string or linear chain of amino acids linked together. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins. A single polypeptide chain might make up the entire primary structure of a simple protein; more complex proteins are formed when two or more polypeptides link together. Each protein is a polymer of amino acids.
Polypeptides are made when mRNA is translated, a process involving ribosomes, tRNA and amino acids.
Deadmau5 Circa 1998–2002

Deadmau5 Circa 1998-2004 is an album by Deadmau5. It was released under the moniker Halcyon441. It was a collection of tracks he had made between 1998-2004, as the title suggests. It was never released physically, but videos of songs on this album can be found on YouTube.
Shooting of Breonna Taylor

On March 13, 2020, Breonna Taylor, a 26-year-old African-American emergency medical technician, was shot and killed by Louisville Metro Police Department (LMPD) officers.
That day, three police officers came to her apartment. The officers wore everyday clothing, they were not in uniform. As they had a search warrant for drugs, there was no way of refusing them entry. Taylor's boyfriend Kenneth Walker and the officers shot at each other. When Walker was questioned, he said he believed that the officers were intruders. The LMPD officers fired over twenty shots. Taylor was shot eight times and LMPD sergeant Mattingly was injured by gunfire.
Another police officer and an LMPD lieutenant were on the scene when the warrant was executed. No drugs were found in the apartment.
According to a lawsuit filed against the police by the Taylor family's lawyers, the officers entered the home without knocking or announcing that they were police officers.
Anker Jørgensen

Anker Henrik Jorgensen (13 July 1922 - 20 March 2016) was a Danish politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Denmark from 1972 to 1973, then again from 1975 to 1982. He was also the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Jorgensen was born on 13 July 1922 in Copenhagen. He died in Copenhagen at the age of 93.
MacKenzie Scott

MacKenzie Scott (nee Tuttle, formerly Bezos; born April 7, 1970) is an American novelist, activist, and philanthropist. She has been the world's richest woman since September 2020.
She has been the executive director of Bystander Revolution, an anti-bullying organization she founded, since 2014.
Personal life
MacKenzie was married to Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon and Blue Origin, from 1993 to 2019. Their divorce made her the third-richest woman in the world and one of the richest people overall by April 2019.
Wealth
In June 2020, it was revealed by Forbes magazine that she is the 22nd richest person in the world, largely thanks to her $38 billion divorce settlement.
In September 2020, she was named the world's richest woman with a net worth of over $60 billion.
North Olmsted, Ohio

North Olmsted is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States.
McKayla Maroney

McKayla Rose Maroney (born December 9, 1995) is a retired American artistic gymnast and singer. She won several gold medals during her career. She was a member of the American women's gymnastics team, called the Fierce Five, at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She won a gold medal at these Olympic Games. She also won gold medals at the 2011 World Championships and the 2013 World Championships.
In 2012, Maroney won the silver medal in the vault finals. She wasn't happy with the winning. In one photograph, her lips were toward the left side of her face. Then-President Barack Obama copied the pose in November 2012.
In 2016, Maroney retired from competitive gymnastics.
Maroney was born in Aliso Viejo, California.
Vellevans

Vellevans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Tom Roberts

Thomas William "Tom" Roberts (9 March 1856 - 14 September 1931) was an Anglo-Australian artist. He was an important member of the Heidelberg School.
Life
Roberts parents were newspaper editors. The family moved to Australia in 1869. They lived in Collingwood. He worked as a photographer's assistant through the 1870s. He studied art at night under Louis Buvelot. He became friends with Frederick McCubbin. He returned to England for three years of full-time art study at the Royal Academy Schools from 1881 to 1884.
Through the 1880s and 1890s he worked in Victoria. He married 35 year old Elizabeth (Lillie) Williamson in 1896. They had a son, Caleb. Many of his most famous paintings come from this period.
He spent World War I in England helping at a hospital. In Australia, he built a house at Kallista, near Melbourne. This was a happy period in Roberts' life.
Elizabeth died in January 1928. Tom remarried, to Jean Boyes, in August 1928. He died in 1931 of cancer in Kallista near Melbourne. He is buried near near Longford, Tasmania.
Works
Roberts painted a lot of fine oil landscapes and portraits. His most famous works, in his time, were two large works, Shearing the Rams and The Big Picture. Roberts had a theme of showing country people working. Many examples of Roberts' work can be seen at the National Gallery of Australia. The Big Picture is at Parliament House, Canberra.
Felsic

The word "felsic" is a term used in geology to refer to silicate minerals, magma, and igneous rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium.
They are usually light in colour and have specific gravities less than 3. The most common felsic rock is granite, but others include quartz, muscovite, orthoclase, and the sodium-rich plagioclase feldspars. In terms of chemistry, felsic rocks are on the other side of the rock spectrum from the mafic rocks.
Classification of felsic rocks
In order for a rock to be classified as felsic, it generally needs to contain more than 75% felsic minerals; namely quartz, orthoclase and plagioclase. Rocks with greater than 90% felsic minerals can also be called leucocratic, meaning 'light-coloured'.
The rock texture thus determines the basic name of a felsic rock.
Non-Nuclear Futures

Non-Nuclear Futures: The Case for an Ethical Energy Strategy is a 1975 book by Amory B. Lovins and John H. Price. The book says that the nuclear power debate is not about technical disputes but relates to different personal views (personal values). The personal values that make a high-energy society work are all too apparent, and the values associated with an alternate view relate to thrift, simplicity, diversity, neighbourliness, craftsmanship, and humility.
Lovins and Price say that these two different sets of personal values lead to two very different policy paths relating to future energy supplies. The first is high-energy nuclear, centralized, electric; the second is lower energy, non-nuclear, decentralized, less electrified, softer technology.
Binary coded decimal

Binary coded decimal is a way to encode numbers. The number is first split into digits, and each digit is then encoded in binary. This will result in a code from 0 0 0 0 (for "0") to "1 0 0 1" (for 9). The other codes (1010 to 1 1 1 1, representing the numbers 10 to 15) are not valid.
Daphne Caruana Galizia

Daphne Anne Caruana Galizia (; 26 August 1964 - 16 October 2017) was a Maltese journalist and blogger. She was known for her work as an investigative journalist and revealing controversial sensitive information, including reports and allegations related to the Panama Papers.
She was born as Daphne Anne Vella on 26 August 1964 in Sliema, Crown Colony of Malta. She studied at University of Malta. Her career began in 1987. She was married to Peter Caruana Galizia from 1985 until her assassination in 2017. They have three sons.
Caruana Galizia was assassinated by a car bomb explosion close to her home in Bidnija on 16 October 2017. The perpetrator is currently unknown. She was 53 years old.
1957 South American Championship

The South American Championship 1957 was a football tournament. It was held in Peru and won by Argentina with Brazil as runners-up. Bolivia, and Paraguay withdrew from the tournament.
Top scorers
Humberto Maschio from Argentina and Javier Ambrois from Uruguay became top scorers of the tournament with 9 goals each.
Squads
For a complete list of participating squads see: 1957 South American Championship squads
Venues
Final round
Match suspended at the 43rd minute due to pitch invasion.
Result
Goalscorers
A total of 33 different players scored 101 goals in the tournament. None were credited as own goals.
Kerser

Scott Froml (born 21 August 1987), better known by his stage name Kerser, is an Australian rapper. His best known song is "Kerser Is the Sickest". He was released a number of mixtapes and three albums since 2011. His second album No Rest For the Sickest reached #15 on the ARIA albums chart.
Kerser was born in Campbelltown, Sydney, New South Wales.
Azuma Koshiishi

is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet, and general secretary of the ruling Democratic Party.
He was elected to the House of Representatives of Japan in 1990, where he served for two terms until 1996 when he failed to be re-elected. He was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 1998.
Duchess (disambiguation)

Duchess is a rank of nobility. It is the female equivalent of Duke.
Michael Anthony Bilandic

Michael Anthony Bilandic (February 13, 1923 - January 15, 2002) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1976-1979). He was a member of the Democratic Party. He became mayor after being elected by the Chicago City Council to become acting mayor, upon the death of Richard J. Daley, beating Wilson Frost.
Bilandic was born on February 13, 1923 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at DePaul University. He was married to Heather Morgan. Bilandic died on January 15, 2002 in Chicago, Illinois from heart failure, aged 78.
Gawker Media

Gawker Media is an American online media company and blog network. It was founded and is owned by Nick Denton. It is based in New York City.
41

Year 41 (XLI) is a year in the 1st century. It was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Saturninus.
Events
Roman Empire
January 24 - Roman Emperor Gaius Caesar (Caligula) is assassinated by his unhappy Praetorian Guards.
January 25 Claudius is made Roman Emperor by the Senate.
Claudius makes Agrippa king of Judea.
Seneca the Younger is banished to Corsica on a charge of adultery with Julia Livilla
Claudius restores religious freedom to the Jews throughout the empire.
An attack across the Rhine by the Germans is stopped by the Romans.
Asia
Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty deposes his wife, Guo Shentong. He places his consort Yin Lihua empress in her place.
Margaret Atwood

Margaret Eleanor Atwood (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian writer. She is best known for writing novels. She has also published 15 books of poetry. The Edible Woman was her first novel, published in 1969.
Her novel The Handmaid's Tale was the first winner of the Arthur C. Clarke Award, in 1987. The sequel, The Testaments, was released on September 10, 2019.
Her book The Blind Assassin won the 2000 Booker Prize.
Unisphere

The Unisphere is a stainless steel globe in Queens, New York City. It is in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park. It was designed by landscape architect Gilmore D. Clarke. It is a symbol of the borough of Queens. The globe weighs . This makes it the world's largest globe. There are fountains and a reflecting pool around the Unisphere.
The Unisphere was built for the 1964-1965 New York World's Fair. The Unisphere is designed to show countries around the world depending on each other. It stayed at the park after the World's Fair. The Unisphere was cleaned from 1993 to 1994.
History
Flushing Meadows-Corona Park used to be a landfill in Queens. The landfill was turned into the 1939/1940 New York World's Fair. After the fair, it was used as a park. The 1964 New York World's Fair also happened at Flushing Meadows. Gilmore David Clarke and Michael Rapuano designed the park for 1964 Fair.
Robert Moses ran the 1964 World's Fair. He announced the Unisphere in February 1961. At first, Clarke designed the Unisphere as an aluminum structure with metal continents and islands. Designers at Peter Muller-Munk Associates added structural steel. The last design was a lot like the first. The last design had fountains surrounding the Unisphere.
The Unisphere was built by the American Bridge Company. The American Bridge Company was part of another company called US Steel. The Unisphere was built in 110 days. The last piece of land was put on the Unishphere on August 13, 1963. At night, the Unisphere was lit up to show sunrise moving across the globe. There were lights showing the capitals of countries.
In 1966, US Steel gave $100,000 so the Unisphere could stay at the park. In 1967, the park reopened. The Unisphere became dirty afterward. People wrote graffiti in the pools.
In 1989, the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation said it would clean the Unisphere. From 1993 to 1994, the Unisphere was fixed and cleaned. The fountains were also turned back on. It became an official city landmark in May 1995. The Unisphere's fountain was cleaned again in 2010.
Design
The Unisphere is the world's largest globe. It is wide and tall. The globe weighs . Its base weighs . The Unisphere is made of stainless steel. The continents and islands on the Unisphere were made by the Rigidized Metals Corporation. The Unisphere is tilted 23.5 degrees.
There are three rings around the Unisphere. They show the orbits of Yuri Gagarin, John Glenn, and the Telstar satellite around the Earth. There were supposed to be more rings, but the designers could not do this. The rings are held up with aircraft cable. The Unisphere's continents and islands are made of many layers of metal sheets. The Unisphere has many latitude and longitude bars of different sizes. This makes the structure stable.
There is a reflecting pool around the Unisphere. It measures across. There are 48 fountains in the pool. These fountains are supposed to make the Unisphere look like it is floating in space. There are also plaques around the pool.
The Unisphere has a concrete foundation. The ground under the Unisphere used to be a marsh. There are 528 wooden rods under the Unisphere.
Bruiser Brody

Frank Donald Goodish (June 18, 1946 - July 17, 1988) was an American professional wrestler and football player. He is known for competing in National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) and the American Wrestling Association (AWA).
Before becoming a professional wrestler, Goodish played football at the University of Iowa and West Texas State. He then played in the NFL for the Washington Redskins on their "taxi squad" in 1968 and was cut during second season.
During his time competing in the United States, Goodish was involved in feuds with the likes of Kamala the Ugandan Giant, Abdullah the Butcher, and Jerry Blackwell. During his time in Japan, he tag teamed with Stan Hansen.
Death
On July 16, 1988, before his match with Dan Spivey in Bayamon, Puerto Rico, Goodish was told to go into the shower by fellow wrestler and booker, Jose Huertas Gonzalez to discuss business. Goodish waited in the shower and a scuffle ensued which was followed by two groans that was loud enough for the entire locker room to hear. Tony Atlas ran over to the shower and saw that Goodish was bent over and was holding his stomach. He then looked up and noticed that Gonzalez was holding the knife. Atlas had to carry Goodish down the stairs because Goodish was so big that the paramedics could not lift him up. The last words that Goodish said to Atlas were "Tell my little son I love him, and tell my wife I love her, too." Dutch Mantell received a subpoena after the trial was over and Tony Atlas refused to testify, and without his testimony the District Attorney had no case. Gonzalez was charged with first-degree murder but that was later reduced and he was tried for involuntary homicide.
Championships
All Japan Pro Wrestling
NWA International Heavyweight Championship (three times)
PWF World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Stan Hansen)
World's Strongest Tag Determination League (1981) (with Jimmy Snuka)
World's Strongest Tag Determination League (1983) (with Stan Hansen)
January 3 Korakuen Hall Heavyweight Battle Royal (1979)
Central States Wrestling
NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship (one time)
NWA Central States Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Ernie Ladd)
Championship Wrestling from Florida
NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (one time)
National Wrestling Federation
NWF International Championship (one time)
NWA Big Time Wrestling / World Class Wrestling Association
NWA American Heavyweight Championship (four times)
NWA American Tag Team Championship (three times) (with Kerry Von Erich)
NWA Brass Knuckles Championship (Texas version) (six times)
NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (one time)
NWA Texas Tag Team Championship (three times) (with Mike York (one), Gino Hernandez (one), and Kerry Von Erich (one))
WCWA Television Championship (one time)
NWA Tri-State
NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Tri-State version) (two time) (with Stan Hansen)
NWA Western States Sports
NWA Western States Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Editor's Award (1988) (tied with Adrian Adonis)
He was ranked #14 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.
Kola nut

The kola nut is the fruit of the kola tree, a genus (Cola) of trees that are native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. The caffeine-containing fruit of the tree is a flavoring ingredient in drinks. Such beverages often use the word "cola".
Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar

Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar (, April 15, 1898 - March 13, 1968), commonly known as I. I. Chundrigar, was Prime Minister of Pakistan for about 2 months from October 17, 1957 to December 16, 1957.
Mercury-arc rectifier

A Mercury-arc rectifier is a type of rectifier used for converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). The cathode is made from a pool of liquid mercury. Mercury-arc rectifiers were rugged and durable. They could carry higher currents than most other types of rectifier.
The mercury-arc rectifier was invented in 1902 by Peter Cooper Hewitt. They were used to provide power for industrial electric motors, electric railways, trams, and electric locomotives. Other uses included radio transmitters and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission. They were the primary method of high power rectification before the advent of solid-state electronics in the 1970s. The solid-state rectifier has since replaced the mercury-arc rectifier.
1981 Manitoba general election

The Manitoba general election of November 17, 1981 was held to elect members to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Canada. The New Democratic Party won the election. They won 34 out of 57 seats. The Progressive Conservative Party won the remaining 23 seats. The Manitoba Liberal Party didn't win any seats for the first time in its history. The Progressive Party (which ran for the first time), the Communist Party, and Western Canada Concept Party also ran candidates in the election. None of these parties won any seats.
Howard Pawley of the New Democratic Party became premier.
Saint-Jean-Saint-Nicolas

Saint-Jean-Saint-Nicolas is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
2023 Hawaii wildfires

A group of wildfires broke out in the U.S. state of Hawaii in early August 2023. They were mostly on the island of Maui, with small fires on Hawai`i. They caused a lot of people to be evacuated and caused a lot of damage. The wildfires killed at least 90 people in Lahaina.
An emergency proclamation was signed on August 8. It allowed multiple actions. These included activation of the National Guard, appropriate actions by the director of the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency and the Administrator of Emergency Management, and using state money to deal with conditions created by the fires. On August 9, the state government of Hawaii issued a state of emergency for the whole state. On August 10, President Joe Biden issued a federal major disaster declaration.
Jeffrey Bryce

Jeffrey Bryce is a retired weightlifter from Great Britain. Jeffrey competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He was born on 28 April 1948.
Hille

Hille can be any of the following:
Bertil Hille, biologist
David Hille footballer
Einar Carl Hille, mathematician
Veda Hille, singer
Hille, Germany town/municipality
Hille-Yosida theorem in mathematics
Sanamahists

Sanamahists or Sanamahi Chatpas are persons who regard themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to the aspects of Sanamahism, the Meitei religion. The term is mainly used by the Meitei people who follows the traditions of their ancestral culture.
Pottawatomie County

Pottawatomie County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Pottawatomie County, Kansas
Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma
Other
Pottawattamie County, Iowa
Farmington, New Hampshire

Farmington is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, 6,786 people lived there.
Mali Federation

The Mali Federation was a country in the west of Africa. Senegal and Mali came together and made this country. (Mali's name was French Sudan at that time). It started on April 4 1959 and it was controlled by France. However, it became independent on June 20 1960.
The Federation's prime minister was Modibo Keita, and the government was in Dakar. The Federation ended a short time after independence because Senegal left on August 20 1960 because they had a disagreement about politics.
Altrincham

Altrincham is a town in the borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England.
Altrincham has an ice-rink and a cinema.