kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Chess rating system

A chess rating system is a system used in chess to estimate the strength of a player, based on his performance against other players. They are used by all national chess organisations, and by FIDE, the International Chess Federation. In these systems a higher number indicates a stronger player. In general, a player's rating goes up if he performs better than expected and down if he performs worse than expected. The Elo rating system is used by FIDE and by many countries.
The first modern rating system was used by the Correspondence Chess League of America in 1939. Soviet player Andrey Khachatoruv proposed a similar system in 1946. The first one that made an impact on international chess was the Ingo system in 1948. The USCF (United States Chess Federation) adopted the Harkness system in 1950. Shortly after, the British Chess Federation started using a system devised by Sir Richard Clarke, a statistician and senior civil servant. The USCF switched to the Elo rating system in 1960, which was adopted by FIDE in 1970.
The underlying principle
The principle which lies behind a rating is this. The rating is a prediction of how well a player will perform against other players of different ratings. If the player does better than predicted, their rating goes up; if they do worse, their rating goes down. An arithmetic calculation shows by how much the player's rating changes. Today, all results are fed into a computer database, and computer software does all the calculations. Then the list is published as a 'rating list'.
Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual

Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual (Santa Marta, Colombia, 1830 - Curacao, 15 August 1868), was a military leader committed to liberal ideas, also in charge of the War and Navy Ministry in 1864, and in 1868 was designated provisional President of Venezuela.
Gonzalo Portocarrero Maisch

Gonzalo Javier Enrique Portocarrero Maisch (December 3, 1949 - March 21, 2019) was a Peruvian sociologist, social scientist and essayist. He was born in Lima, Peru. He was a visiting professor at universities in the United States, Japan, Germany, Mexico, Venezuela and the United Kingdom. Until his death, he was a professor at the Department of Social Sciences of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru.
Portocarrero Maisch died of lung cancer in Lima on March 21, 2019 at the age of 69.
Gallup, New Mexico

Gallup is a city in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 21,678 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of McKinley County.
Émile Baudot

Jean-Maurice-Emile Baudot (11 September 1845 - 28 March 1903) was a French engineer and inventor. He was one of the first people to work in telecommunications. The baud, a type of measurement, was named after him.
Revenge porn

Revenge pornography is the act of getting revenge toward somebody by way of pornography. This act of revenge is usually done without asking the victim.
Revenge porn usually means making sexually explicit videos, books and movies about a person because the person ended a relationship. The possession of the material may be used by the partners to punish the victim for ending a relationship.
Several areas have passed laws against revenge porn. They include: Israel, Iran, Algeria,Australia,Canada, United Kingdom, and most of the
United States.
In the 1980s the Hustler magazine began a monthly show of reader-submitted images of naked women called the "Beaver Hunt". The Beaver Hunt photos were usually with details of these women, such as their hobby and their names. Some of the women sued the magazine for publishing their photos without their permission.
But it wasn't until 2010 that revenge porn really took off. That year,
Hunter Moore launched the website IsAnyoneUp. The website was similar to the Beaver Hunt. The first person who spoke against Moore was activist Charlotte Laws. She was also one of the first people to publicly support revenge pornography victims.
In June 2015 Google decided they would remove links to revenge porn on request. Microsoft did the same in July.
Tariq Rahman

Dr Tariq Rahman (born 4 February 1949), is a Pakistani linguist, academic, writer and journalist. He taught for many years at the Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Racing Club de France Football

Racing Club de France Football is a football club which plays in France.
Francisco Mañosa

Francisco 'Bobby' Manosa (February 12, 1931 - February 20, 2019) was a Filipino architect. He was thought as one of the most influential Filipino architects of the 20th century. His works to the development of Philippine architecture led to his recognition as as a National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture in 2018.
He was popularly known as the architect of the Coconut Palace, his other notable works include the EDSA Shrine, the Davao Pearl Farm, and Amanpulo resorts.
Manosa died on February 20, 2019 from prostate cancer in Muntinlupa, aged 88.
Tomaž Pengov

Tomaz Pengov (1949 - 10 February 2014) was a Slovenian singer-songwriter, musician and poet. He played a 12-stringed acoustic guitar and lute. He was born in Ljubljana, then part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He studied comparative literature at University of Ljubljana's Faculty of Arts.
Pengov died after a short illness on 10 February 2014 in his hometown of Ljubljana. He was aged 64.
James Wolfensohn

James David Wolfensohn, KBE, AO (1 December 1933 - 25 November 2020) was an Australian-American lawyer, investment banker and economist. He was the ninth president of the World Bank Group from 1995 to 2005.
Wolfensohn died in New York City on 25 November 2020 from pneumonia-related problems, aged 87.
Eaubonne

Eaubonne is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France. In 2019, 25,335 people lived there.
The commune is in the northern suburbs of Paris, from the center.
Champ de Mars

Champ de Mars is a large public park in Paris, France. It is between the Eiffel tower to the northeast, and the Ecole Militaire to the south east. The name translates as Mars Field. It is named after Mars, the Roman god of war, and for the Campus Martius in Rome. The park was used as an exercising ground for the nearby military school. It is a rectangle about by . Its area is about .
Autonomous consumption

Autonomous consumption (also exogenous consumption) is when people are paying for things when they have no income. In other words, it is the consumption expenditure that happens when income levels are zero. Such consumption is considered autonomous of income only when spending on these consumables does not change much income is changed; generally, it may be needed to pay for things that are needed and pay off debt. If income levels are actually zero, this consumption is called dissaving. This is because it is paid for by borrowing or using up savings. Autonomous consumption is different from induced consumption because it does not consistently change with income, whereas induced consumption does. The two are related, for all households, through the consumption function:
where
C = total consumption,
c0 = autonomous consumption (c0 > 0),
c1 = the marginal propensity to consume (the gradient of induced consumption) (0 < c1 < 1), and
Yd = disposable income (income after government taxes, benefits, and transfer payments).
Boyce and Hart

Boyce and Hart were a musical and songwriting duo, who worked together in the 1960s and 1970s. Tommy Boyce (born Sidney Thomas Boyce in 1939 and died in 1994) and Bobby Hart (born Robert Luke Harshman in 1939) wrote and produced hit records for The Monkees ("Last Train to Clarksville", "Valleri"), Jay and the Americans ("Come a Little Bit Closer"), Chubby Checker ("Lazy Elsie Molly"), and for themselves, with "I Wonder What She's Doing Tonight" and other songs.
Their biggest success was with the Monkees, as writers, producers and performers. Many of the early Monkees recordings featured Boyce and Hart's band, the Candy Store Prophets, before the Monkees were even selected from auditions. When the Monkees themselves took charge of their recordings, they still recorded Boyce and Hart's songs, and praised the duo to the public.
Ten years after the Monkees's heyday, two former members, Micky Dolenz and Davy Jones, teamed up with Boyce and Hart, touring and performing the band's hits. They also issued a new album on Capitol Records.
Jerzy Turonek

Jerzy Turonek (, April 26, 1929 - January 2, 2019) was a Polish-Belarusian historian. He was born in Dukszty, Poland.
Turonek began his active historical researches into the Belarusian national movement of the early 20th century, Polish-Belarusian relations in the 20th century, and the history of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1986 he became Doctor of History. Turonek was the author of monograph Bialorus pod okupacja niemiecka (Belarus under the German occupation) published in 1993 by Ksiazka i Wiedza.
Turonek died on January 2, 2019 at the age of 89.
Corte

Corte () in is a city (a "commune" in French) in the Haute-Corse departement in central area of Corsica, in France. It is the fourth-largest city in Corsica (after Ajaccio, Bastia, and Porto-Vecchio), with a population of 6,329 inhabitants in 1999. Corte was the capital of the Corsican independent state during the period of Pasquale Paoli.
Geography
Area: 149.27 km2
Average altitude: 486 m
Important places in Corte
The Fortress (A citadella)
The Museum of Corsica (Museu di a Corsica),
Roads
Corte is connected to Ajaccio, Bastia and Calvi by the Corsican railway.
University
Corte has become a major University town in Corsica since the Pasquale Paoli University opened 1980.
Famous people born in Corte
Joseph Bonaparte (1768-1844), the eldest brother of the French Emperor Napoleon I.
Potassium citrate

Potassium citrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a chemical made from potassium bicarbonate and citric acid. This is usually used as either a food colourant or a medicine.
Magnús Eiríksson

Magnus Eiriksson (born 22 June, 1806 in Skinnalon, Iceland; died 3 July, 1881 in Copenhagen, Denmark) was an Icelandic theologian. He lived in Copenhagen at the same time as Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) and Hans Lassen Martensen (1808-1884) and viewed their opinions on religion and Christianity with a critical eye.
Magnus Eiriksson was a Lutheran who developed a Unitarian conviction.
Works
Here are some works by Eiriksson, with the Danish title on the right:
On Baptists and Infant Baptism (Om Baptister og Barnedaab), Copenhagen 1844.
Faith, Superstition and Unbelief (Tro, Overtro og Vantro), Copenhagen 1846.
Dr. Martensen's Printed Moral Paragraphs (Dr. Martensens trykte moralske Paragrapher), Copenhagen 1846.
Speculative Orthodoxy (Speculativ Rettroenhed), Copenhagen 1849.
[Theophilus Nicolaus], Is Faith a Paradox and 'by Virtue of the Absurd'? (Er Troen et Paradox og "i Kraft af det Absurde"? ), Copenhagen 1850.
About the Gospel of John (Om Johannes-Evangeliet), Copenhagen 1863.
Paul and Christ (Paulus og Christus), Copenhagen 1871.
Jews and Christians (Joder og Christne), Copenhagen 1873.
Sylvia Sidney

Sylvia Sidney (born Sophia Kosow; August 8, 1910 - July 1, 1999) was an American movie, television, voice, and stage actress who is known for her role in the crime-drama movies. She is also known for playing Florence Norris in Mars Attacks! and as Juno in Beetlejuice. Sidney won a Golden Globe Award and a Saturn Award.
Sidney was born in The Bronx, New York on August 8, 1910 to Russian-Jewish immigrant parents. Sidney was married to writer Bennett Cerf from 1935 until they divorced in 1936. She married actor-director Luther Adler in 1938. The couple had a son named Jacob (1939-1987), and divorced in 1946. She was married to Carlton Alsop from 1947 until they divorced in 1951.
Sidney died on July 1, 1999 in New York City from throat cancer. She was 88 years old.
Periodic table (alternate)

Vertical forms of the Periodic System of Elements
The German physician, physicist and chemist Julius Lothar Meyer developed a table of elements of a horizontal form in 1862 and an expanded version in 1864 Julius Lothar Meyer. And after the Russian chemist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev published a draft version of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements of vertical form in 1869, Julius Lothar Meyer published the vertical form of the Periodic Table of Elements of his edition in 1870. Thus, an important difference between the Periodic Table of Elements according to Meyer and the Periodic Table of Elements according to Mendeleev became apparent. But Mendeleev from 1970-1971 began to display his edition of the Periodic Table of Elements only in horizontal form. It is likely that the unnatural separation of the first elements in the periods from the subsequent elements by meticulous scientists and ordinary people would not be perceived as an unnatural soaring.
Meyer ended the periods on an element of the group of alkaline earth metals. And Mendeleev ended the periods on the element of the halogen group. Therefore, in Meyer's Periodic Table of Elements there are no gaps between the first 1, 2 or 3 elements and subsequent elements in the second and subsequent periods. In the Periodic Table of Elements according to Mendeleev, the first two (after the discovery of noble gases in 1902 - three) elements hang unnaturally above the subsequent elements of the periods, there is no such incident in the Periodic Table of Elements according to Meyer.
The Swiss chemist Alfred Werner published his own edition of the horizontal form of the Periodic Table of Elements in 1905, where he finished the periods on the element of the noble gases group. Where the first two elements in the periods were displayed in isolation from the subsequent elements of the periods. Many scientists attributed this edition of the Periodic Table of Elements to Mendeleev.
Canelos tree frog

The Canelos tree frog (Boana appendiculata) is a frog that lives in Brazil, Ecuador, and Colombia. Scientists have seen it between 14 and 1050 meters above sea level.
The adult male frog is 38.5 to 51.9 mm long from nose to rear end. The adult female frog is 53.5 to 72.6 mm long. It has skin the color of coffee on its back. It has a yellow or orange belly.
This frog lives in forests with different kinds of plants growing in it and streams with fast-moving water. Because people have seen it in secondary forest and places where humans have cut down trees, scientists think this frog may be able to live even if humans bother it a litte.
James Daly

James Firman Daly (October 23, 1918 - July 3, 1978) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actor who is known for his role as Paul Lochner in Medical Center. He won an Emmy Award in 1966.
Daly was born on October 23, 1918 in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. He studied at Cornell College. He was married to Hope Newall from 1942 until they divorced in 1965. They had 4 children, including Tim Daly and Tyne Daly. Daly died on July 3, 1978 in Nyack, New York from heart failure, aged 59.
Zabardast Khan

Zabardast Khan (died 1788) was a Suleman Khel Ghilzai Pathan warrior in history. He fought at the Third Battle of Panipat as part of the Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Louvre

The Louvre is a museum in Paris. It has millions of visitors every year because of its art collection. It is the most visited art museum in the world.
The most famous piece of art in the Louvre is the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci. Other paintings include works of Rembrandt, Giambattista Pittoni, Caravaggio, Rubens, Titian and Eugene Delacroix.
There are also many statues inside the Louvre. The most famous statues are the Venus de Milo and the Winged Victory of Samothrace.
History of the Louvre
Philip II of France built a castle called the Castle of the Louvre. It used to be where the museum is. They used the castle as a fortress to defend Paris against the Vikings.
Charles V, King of France turned the castle into a palace. However, Francis I, King of France, knocked it down and built a new palace.
Henry IV, King of France added the Grande Galerie to the Louvre. The Grande Galerie is more than a quarter of a mile long and one hundred feet wide. The Grande Galerie was built along the River Seine. It was the longest building in the world.
The building was renovated during Francois Mitterand's time as French President. The glass pyramid and the inverted pyramid (made famous by The Da Vinci Code, a novel and later a movie) were the work of architect I.M. Pei.
Development of Windows XP

Development of Windows XP started in 1999 after Windows Neptune and Windows Odyssey were cancelled. The result, "Whistler", became Windows XP. Windows XP was finished on August 24, 2001, and the operating system was released on October 25th.
Beta versions and release
In June 2000, Microsoft began the beta testing for Whistler. On July 13, 2000, Microsoft said that Whistler would be released in late 2001. Microsoft also released the first preview for the operating system, 2250. Build 2257 introduced an early version of Windows Firewall and a Start menu with two columns.
Microsoft released Whistler Beta 1, build 2296, on October 31, 2000. In January 2001, Internet Explorer 6 was added in build 2410. Builds 2416 and 2419 added new wallpapers.
On February 5, 2001, the name of Windows XP was announced. The name XP was used because XP is short for experience. In April 2001, Microsoft stated that XP would not support Bluetooth or USB 2.0. USB 2.0 support was later added with Service Pack 1. The last builds focused on fixing bugs, user feedback, and final changes before XP was released.
In June 2001, Microsoft indicated that it would spend at least US$1 billion on marketing Windows XP.
On August 24, 2001, Windows XP build 2600 was released to PC builders, and on October 25th, it became open to the public.
East

East is one of the 4 main directions on a compass (called cardinal directions). East is normally to the right on most maps. For example: Japan is east of China, which is itself east of Pakistan. When "The East" is described: it usually refers to the countries of Asia (especially from Pakistan eastwards like China and India). The sun and moon rise in the east.
Sinceny

Sinceny is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Phelps County, Missouri

Phelps County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Rolla. In 2020, 44,638 people lived there.
2018 FIFA World Cup seeding

The draw for the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place on 1 December 2017 at the State Kremlin Palace in Moscow, Russia
to determine the groups in which the 32 qualified national teams will play in at the start of the tournament. The teams were put into four pots of eight, with one team selected from each pot to form a group.
The draw sequence started with pot 1 and ended with pot 4.
Seeding
All teams were seeded using the October 2017 FIFA World Rankings, which numbers in brackets show, released on 16 October 2017.
Final draw
According to the FIFA rankings, the strongest group is E (combining for 4415 points), followed by F (4151), B (4128), C (4101), D (4099), G (3953), H (3944) and the weakest by far is the host nation's group A (2991).
Mickey's Fire Brigade

Mickey's Fire Brigade is a 1935 American animated short film. It was produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by United Artists. The cartoon stars Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and Goofy employed as firefighters responding to a hotel fire. It was directed by Ben Sharpsteen and features the voices of Walt Disney as Mickey, Clarence Nash as Donald, Pinto Colvig as Goofy, and Elvia Allman as Clarabelle Cow.
It was the 77th Mickey Mouse short to be released, and the sixth of that year.
Voice cast
Mickey Mouse: Walt Disney
Donald Duck: Clarence Nash
Goofy: Pinto Colvig
Clarabelle Cow: Elvia Allman
Releases
1935 - Original theatrical release
1943 - The Fireman (8mm)
1998 - Ink & Paint Club, episode #1.59 "Clarabelle and Horace" (TV)
Home media
The short was released on December 4, 2001 on Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Living Color.
Kay Mellor

Kay Mellor (nee Daniel; 11 May 1951 - 15 May 2022) was an English actress, scriptwriter, and director. She was known for creating television shows such as ITV British drama Fat Friends (2000-05). She also co-created CITV's British children's drama Children's Ward (1989-2000). Mellor was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, England.
Mellor died on 15 May 2022, four days after her 71st birthday.
Voiceless retroflex implosive

The voiceless retroflex implosive is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Leszek II the Black

Leszek II the Black (c. 1241 - 30 September 1288) was a member of Polish nobility who reigned from 1279 to 1288. He died on the 30 September 1288.
Bella, Basilicata

Bella is a comune in the Province of Potenza in the Basilicata region in Italy.
Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge

Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge is the second studio album by band My Chemical Romance. It was released on June 8, 2004 through Reprise Records.
Four singles were released from this album: "Thank You For The Venom", "I'm Not Okay (I Promise)", "Helena" and "The Ghost of You". It has sold over one million copies in the United States.
Track listing
Singles
Notes
The 11th track It's Not a Fashion Statement it's a Deathwish has the word 'fucking' in the title on the CD itself but it is not shown as having that title on the back of the album.
Saint-Michel-sur-Orge

Saint-Michel-sur-Orge is a commune. It is found in the region Ile-de-France in the Essonne department in the north of France.
The inhabitants are Saint-Michellois.
It has 20,057 people.
Clayton, North Carolina

Clayton is a town in Johnston and Wake counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, 16,116 people live in Clayton.
Japan Society for Simulation Technology

Japan Society for Simulation Technology (JSST) is a Japanese counterpart of the International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. JSST aims to promote studies about simulation technology such as numerical analysis, validated numerics, and artificial intelligence. In order to achieve this goal, JSST is publishing the Journal of Advanced Simulation in Science and Engineering in English.
Mühledorf, Solothurn

Muhledorf was a municipality in the Bucheggberg district in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Muhledorf, Aetingen, Aetigkofen, Bibern, Brugglen, Gossliwil, Hessigkofen, Kuttigkofen, Kyburg-Buchegg and Tscheppach merged into the new municipality of Buchegg.
Herznach

Herznach is a municipality of the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Arnage, Sarthe

Arnage is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Boana jaguariaivensis

Boana jaguariaivensis is a frog. Scientists have only seen it in one place, in Brazil.
The adult male frog is 23.9-28.8 mm long from nose to rear end. Each frog has two light brown stripes on its back, from its nose to its rear end and dark brown stripes closer to the middle of the body. There is also a white stripe on each side of the body.
Randall Rollins

Richard Randall Rollins (November 5, 1931 - August 17, 2020) was an American billionaire businessman. He was the chairman of Rollins Inc., the US's largest pest control company. He was born in Ringgold, Georgia.
He was also chairman of Marine Products Corporation, and RPC, Inc and a director of Dover Downs Gaming and Entertainment, Inc, and Dover Motorsports.
As of August 2020, Forbes his net worth at US$5.1 billion.
Rollins died on August 17, 2020, aged 88.
Saburtalo Pantheon

The Saburtalo Pantheon () is a cemetery in Tbilisi, Georgia, where some of the most prominent writers, artists, scholars, scientists and political activists of Georgia are buried. It was opened in 1970s. It closed but opened in 2002 again. The pantheon is located in the Saburtalo District.
Movie rights

Movie rights are rights under copyright law to produce a movie as a derivative work of a given item of intellectual property. In the US law, these rights belong to the holderf of the copyright, who may sell (or "option") them to someone in the movie industry--usually a producer or director, or maybe sometimes a specialist of such propeties--who will then try to gather industry professionals, and secure the financial backing necessary to convert the property into a movie.
Tyne and Wear Metro

Tyne and Wear Metro is a rapid transit system in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, South Tyneside, North Tyneside and Sunderland.
It opened in stages from August 1980 and now has 60 stations, with two lines covering 77.5 km (48.2 mi) of track. It was mostly made from converted former railway lines linked with some new tunnels.
Ivan Vsevolozhsky

Ivan Alexandrovich Vsevolozhsky (; 1835-1909) was a Russian diplomat, theatre director, librettist, and designer. He served as Director of the Imperial Theatres for Saint Petersburg from 1886 to 1899. He commissioned Tchaikovsky to compose the ballets The Sleeping Beauty (1890) and The Nutcracker (1892). He wrote the libretti for both ballets with Marius Petipa. Vsevolozhsky designed costumes and scenery for 25 operas and ballets. In 1899, he was appointed Director of the Hermitage Museum. He remained in this post until his death in 1909.
North Muskegon, Michigan

North Muskegon is a city in Muskegon County, Michigan, United States.
Personal care

Personal care items are toiletry items. These are products used by people to look after their bodies, and to improve their appearance. They are usually sold in chemist shops and supermarkets. Many celebrities use beauty products.
Products
Personal care includes products as diverse as cleansing pads, bandages, colognes, cotton swabs, cotton pads, deodorant, eye liner, facial tissue, hair clippers, lip gloss, lipstick, lotion, makeup, nail files, pomade, perfumes, razors, shaving cream, moisturizer, talcum powder, toilet paper, toothpaste, and wet wipes.
Kauffman Stadium

The Kauffman Stadium is a baseball park in Kansas City, Missouri. The Kansas City Royals play there.
Who's That Girl (1987 movie)

Who's That Girl is a 1987 romantic comedy movie. It was directed by James Foley. The writers were Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman. It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne. It is about a girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend--this means she did not murder him, but the police think she did. She is sent to jail. After she gets out, she meets a man. The man is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia. She makes him want to help her catch the people who made her get arrested. While the man and the woman look for the criminals, they also start to love each other.
Neoauthoritarianism (China)

Neoauthoritarianism (), also known as Chinese Neoconservativism or New Conservatism () since the 1990s, is a school of political thought in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Neoconseevatism advocates a powerful state to facilitate market reforms.
Official Museums of Amsterdam

The Official Museums of Amsterdam (OAM) is an organization of museums in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It was founded in 1994. All member museums belong to the Dutch museum association.
Cr1TiKaL

Charles White Jr. (born August 2, 1994), known online as Cr1TiKaL ( ) or MoistCr1TiKaL ( ), is an American YouTuber, Twitch streamer, and musician. He became popular for his gameplay and commentary videos of many video games on his penguinz0 YouTube channel. He is known for his deadpan comedic video commentaries.
White Jr. was born on August 2, 1994, in Tampa, Florida.
On January 21, 2021, White won "Best Reaction Face" and "Best YouTube/Social Media Meme" in the Grandayy's Meme Awards 2020.
He is also well known for criticizing other YouTubers, with many channels that he had criticized facing backlash and even deleting their channels.
Adelina Patti

Adelina Patti (10 February 184327 September 1919) was a highly acclaimed Italian-French 19th-century opera diva, earning huge fees, sometimes $5000 in gold, at the height of her career in the music capitals of Europe and America. She first sang in public as a child in 1851, and gave her last performance before an audience in 1914.
Biography
She was born Adelina Juana Maria Patti, in Madrid, the last child of tenor Salvatore Patti (1800-1869) and soprano Caterina Barilli (died 1870). Her Italian parents were working in Madrid, Spain, at the time of her birth. Because her father came from Sicily, Patti was born a subject of the King of the Two Sicilies, but had a French passport for most of her life, as two of her three husbands were French. She settled in South Wales in 1903, and after her last concert, for the Red Cross, in 1914 she died there, of natural causes.
Charguli

Charguli is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is at 34deg19'0N 72deg14'0E and has a height of 342 metres (1125 feet).
John A. Macdonald

Sir John Alexander Macdonald (January 11, 1815 - June 6, 1891) was the first Prime Minister of Canada. He was an important influence on the Canadian Confederation, July 1, 1867. Macdonald was in office from 1867 to 1873 and again from 1878 to 1891, making him the second longest-serving Prime Minister of Canada and the only one to win six majority governments.
One of the things Macdonald wanted to do was to build a transcontinental railway that would link Canada from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. That railway, called the Canadian Pacific Railway, was completed in 1885.
Macdonald did not speak French as well as the Prime Ministers who came after him. He could speak Scottish Gaelic and a bit of Latin.
Macdonald had four siblings. He was the third of five children.
Zahedan

Zahedan () is a city in Iran. It is the capital of Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Southeastern Iran. As of 2016, Zahedan has over 600, 000 people.
History
The demographics of the inhabiants of Zahedan are mixed with Balochis, and Persians. They speak Persian and Balochi. Zahedan is east of the Dasht-e Loot. Zahedan is part of Baluchestan, a historic region of Asia. Sunni Muslims live in Zahedan as well. Shaikh Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi is the main and most influential religious and Sunni and the Baloch people.
Geography
Zahedan is located in the southeastern part of Iran. It is 1,491 kilometers southeast of Tehran, 950 kilometers south of Mashhad, 1,189 kilometers southeast of Isfahan, 2,024 kilometers southeast of Tabriz, and 95 kilometers from the Iran-Pakistan border. It is also connected by rail to Pakistan and is near to Afghanistan. Zahedan is the Iranian city, which is the closest to Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Demographics
As of 2016, Zahedan has 587,730 people. In the 1930s, Zahedan was a small village. In 1930, Zahedan's population reached 17,500. and increased more than fivefold to 93,000 by 1976. After 1980, large numbers of Iranians fleeing the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan helped triple the population of Zahedan to more than 281,000 by 1986, a number which has since doubled again.
Gallery
Multiple images of Zahedan in a picture.
Vassar College

Vassar College ( ) is a private liberal arts college in Poughkeepsie, New York. It was founded in 1861 by Matthew Vassar. It was the second degree-granting institution of higher education for women in the United States. It became coeducational in 1969.
It was a member of the Seven Sisters, seven historical woman's colleges.
Douglas County, Minnesota

Douglas County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2020, 39,006 people lived there. The county seat is Alexandria.
How to Win Friends and Influence People

How to Win Friends and Influence People is a self-help book. It was written by Dale Carnegie and first published in 1936. It is one of the best selling self-help books ever published. Since 1936, over 15 million copies have been sold worldwide.
Tom Hiddleston

Thomas William "Tom" Hiddleston (born 9 February 1981) is an English actor. His most famous roles include 'Thor: Ragnarok' (2017), Jonathan Pine in 'The Night Manager' (2016), Loki in 'Thor' (2011), Scott Fitzgerald, Midnight in Paris (2011), 'The Avengers(2012), and 'Thor: The Dark World' (2013). He also stars in 'Kong: Skull Island' (2017) as Captain James Conrad.
Early life
Thomas William Hiddleston was born in Westminster, London, to English-born Diana Patricia and Scottish-born James Norman Hiddleston. His mother is a former stage manager, and his father, a scientist, was the managing director of a pharmaceutical company. He started off at the preparatory school, The Dragon School in Oxford, and by the time he was 13, he boarded at Eton College, at the same time that his parents were going through a divorce. He continued on to the University of Cambridge, where he earned a double first in Classics. He continued to study acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, from which he graduated in 2005.
Career
Whilst at University of Cambridge, he was seen by the agency 'Hamilton Hodell' in the play "A Streetcar Named Desire" and was signed. Following this, he was cast in his first television role in The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (2001). Hiddleston won his first film role as Oakley in Joanna Hogg's award-winning first feature, Unrelated (2007). His breakthrough role came when he portrayed the nemesis Loki in the Marvel Cinematic Universe feature film Thor (2011). He reprised the character in The Avengers (2012), Thor: The Dark World (2013), Thor: Ragnarok (2017) and Avengers: Infinity War (2018).
He has also appeared in Steven Spielberg's War Horse (2011), The Deep Blue Sea (2011), Woody Allen's romantic comedy Midnight in Paris (2011), and the romantic vampire film Only Lovers Left Alive (2013). On television, he appeared on the BBC series The Hollow Crown (2012), in the adaptations of Shakespeare's "Henry IV" and "Henry V". In theatre, he has been in the productions of "Cymbeline" (2007) and "Ivanov" (2008). In December 2013, he starred as the title character in the Donmar Warehouse production of "Coriolanus" which played until February 2014. He won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play for his role in "Cymbeline" while also being nominated for the same award the same year for his role as Cassio in "Othello".
On 8 November 2018, it was announced that Hiddleston would be reprising his role as Loki in a new Marvel limited series centered on the character which will air on Disney's streaming service, Disney+. Loki is Hiddleston's seventh time taking on the role, following three Avengers movies and all three Thor films.
Kota Fukatsu

Kota Fukatsu (born 10 August 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Machida Zelvia.
Electoral district of Florey

Florey is an electoral district of South Australia. It was created in 1970.
Florey is in Adelaide.
Māori religion

Traditional Maori religion, a pre-European belief system of the Maori, was little modified from the religion of the tropical Eastern Polynesian homeland (Hawaiki Nui). Both religions conceive of everything, including natural elements, all living things, and that all are connected by common descent through whakapapa or genealogy. Accordingly, all things were thought of as possessing a life force or mauri. Illustrating this concept of connectedness through genealogy are the major personifications of pre-contact times: Tangaroa was the personification of the ocean and the ancestor or origin of all fish; Tane was the personification of the forest and the origin of all birds; and Rongo was the personification of peaceful activities and agriculture and the ancestor of cultivated plants. (According to some, the supreme personification of the Maori was Io; however this idea is controversial).
Osamu Shimomura

was a Japanese organic chemist and marine biologist. He was Professor Emeritus at Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts and Boston University School of Medicine. He was born in Kyoto.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 for the discovery and development of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with two American scientists: Martin Chalfie of Columbia University and Roger Tsien of the University of California-San Diego.
Shimomura died on October 19, 2018 in Nagasaki at the age of 90.
Heidi

Heidi is a book written by Johanna Spyri, published between 1880 and 1881. It is about a young orphan girl who grows up in the Swiss Alps (mountains in Switzerland) with her grandfather.
Summary
When her guardians die, Heidi must live in the mountains with her grandfather, Alm-Uncle, who does not like people. He slowly changes and becomes more caring because of Heidi. Then, Heidi must move to Frankfurt, Germany to be the friend of Clara, a girl who is sick and cannot walk. Clara's grandmother encourages Heidi to learn to read, and she also learns about God. She becomes very homesick, and a kind doctor says that she must return home to her grandfather. Later, Clara visits Heidi in the Alps and becomes strong enough to walk.
Inspiration
Johanna Spyri wrote this story for her son, Berhard Diethelm Spyri. People and places in the story come from Spyry's own life. Catherine Eayrs, a literary critic, thinks that the village of Dorfli may come from Jenins in Switzerland, a place that Spyri visited as a child, however Dorfli is an actual town in Switzerland. Also, the kindly doctor is similar to Spyri's own father, and Klara's grandmother is a good storyteller, just like Spyri's own mother.
Reception
Immediately after the book was published, Heidi was popular, both with children and adults. It continues to be popular, and translations are available in more than fifty languages. About 50 million books have been sold. The story has also been told on movie and television. There is even a musical version.
Visitors to Switzerland can visit a tourist village called Heididorf in Maienfeld. The name means "Heidi's village" in German.
Criticism
Some readers think that one problem of Heidi is that the book teaches the Christian religion. Malcolm Usrey, a literary critic, thinks that nature is as important as Christianity in helping people, because Klara's paralysis and Heidi's home sickness are both healed in the "clean air of the Swiss mountains".
Afif-Abad Garden

Afif-Abad Garden (), originally the Gulshan Garden (), is a museum complex in Shiraz, Iran.
Damodar River

The Damodar River is a river in India. It flows through the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. The river is nicknamed "the Sorrow of Bengal" because of the floods in the plains of West Bengal.
Tributaries
The Damodar River has many tributaries. They are:
Barakar River
Konar River
Bokaro River
Haharo River
Jamunia River
Ghari River
Guaia River
Khadia River
Bhera River
Sorrow of Bengal
Chota Nagpur Plateau receives an annual rainfall of around . The volume of this monsoon rain produces the floods of the Damodar River. Many of the floods of the Damodar River is recorded in the years of 1700, 1855, 1866, 1926, 1935 and 1943.
Unix time

Current Unix time ()
Unix time is the number of seconds that have passed since the initial date and time known by UNIX as Tuesday 1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC. It is mostly used in Unix-like and many other operating systems. People can check Unix time on most Unix computers by typing on the Unix command line.
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon

The General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon is a one-engine multirole combat aircraft. It was originally designed and built by General Dynamics, which is now part of Lockheed Martin. The United States Air Force (USAF) ordered the F-16 in 1972. The airplane first flew four years later in 1976. Over 4,600 F-16s have been built since then. The airplane has been used by more than 25 air forces around the world. It is also used by the Thunderbirds, the USAF's aerobatics team. As of 2015, there are more F-16s in military use than any other fixed-wing aircraft.
Capabilities
The F-16 is able to fly at twice the speed of sound. It is armed with a M61 Vulcan Gatling gun and has eleven places where weapons or other equipment can be attached. It was the first production combat airplane to be designed to be unstable to be easier to turn, and has easier controls to make it highly agile in the air. Its designers also used many other new ideas such as a bubble canopy to help the pilot see better and a control stick on the side of the cockpit to make it easier to steer during tight turns and high g-forces.
The F-16's official name is "Fighting Falcon", but it is often called the "Viper" by its pilots and crews. The nickname came from the fact that the viper snake is known for its deadly fangs and venom, and because the Colonial Viper spacecraft from Battlestar Galactica was popular when the airplane was introduced to the USAF.
Ivry-en-Montagne

Ivry-en-Montagne is a former commune in the Cote-d'Or department. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Val-Mont.
Pfarrwiese

Pfarrwiese was a stadium in Vienna, Austria. It was the home ground of SK Rapid Wien from 1912 till 1978.
History
After the loan for the Sportplatz Rudolfsheim was quited SK Rapid went to Hutteldorf where they built a new home. The place was owned by the St Peter's Abbey in Salzburg and managed by the parish of Hutteldorf. This is the reason why the ground was called "Pfarrwiese". The loan was 800 Kronen/Year (which is approximately 4.300 EUR). Also two tickets for each match were part of the contract.
The ground was built between August 1911 and April 1912. Architect was Eduard Schonecker, who also planed the Hohe Warte Stadium.
The capacity was 4 000 and was step by step expanded to 8000. The pitch was borderd with a cinder track. The place was opened on 28 April 1912 with two matches in front of 3000 visitors. Rapid played versus WAC and won 2-1. The main match was Amateure versus Cricketer.
The club decided to built a stadium because Rapid became very sucessful and the old place was therefore to small. In June 1919 15 000 people where at the Pfarrwiese to see the match versus MTK Budapest. The new stadium was also planed by Eduard Schonecker. It had a capacity of 24. 150. If a lot of people were expected Rapid went often to the Praterstadion. The demages in the Second World War were small so the first match on the Pfarrwiese was held on 1 May 1945. A combined team of SK Rapid and Vienna played versus a team of the Red Army. The last modifications were made in 1955. In 1977 the Weststadion was built and Rapid left the Pfarrwiese. In 1986 a tennis facility was built.
Statistics
Rapid played 744 matches at the Pfarrwiese.
563 wins (76%)
Highest wins: 26 August 1950-12:1 versus SK Sturm Graz and 18 May 1957 versus Kremser SC
Highest defeat: 2 March 1930-4-8 versus FK Austria Wien
Most visitors: 20 October 1923-Rapid versus Hakoah Wien 25 000 and some others during the 1920s.
Paktika Province

Paktika () is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the south-east of the country. Most of the people are Pashtun. Its capital is Sharana.
Soccer City

Soccer City is a sports stadium in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was first built in 1987. At that time, it was named the FNB Stadium.
Renovation
In 2009, the stadium was improved. More seats were added. New locker (dressing) rooms and new floodlights were built.
FIFA World Cup
The stadium co-hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup. It is one of the 10 stadiums where World Cup matches were played.
2010 World Cup Matches
All times are given in South African Standard time (UTC+2).
Nelson Mandela
On June 29, the South African government announced that a memorial service for Nelson Mandela would be held 10 to 14 days after his death at Soccer City. Mandela died on December 5, 2013 and a memorial service was held at Soccer City.
Post World Cup Use
FNB Stadium is mostly used for concerts and local 5-a-side tournaments. When South Africa's most popular soccer team, the [Kaizer Chiefs] play in the stadium, they attract approximately 15,000 fans when they play there among the rotating venues that they use.
Ratko Janev

Ratko Janev () (March 30, 1939 - December 31, 2019) was a Macedonian atomic physicist. He was a member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Life
Janev was born in Sveti Vrach, Bulgaria. From 1986, he was in charge of the Atomic and Molecular Unit of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna. In 1972, Janev became Adjunct professor of nuclear physics at the University of Skopje and Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Belgrade.
Janev died on December 31, 2019 in Belgrade at the age of 80.
Lupstein

Lupstein is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Test

A test is a way of checking something to see if it is true, or false, or if it is edible or not. If something can be tested, or finishes the tests correctly, it is testable. The Concise Oxford English Dictionary defines a test as: "a procedure intended to establish the quality, performance, or reliability of something".
A test is different from an experiment: Before a test is done, there is an expected result. The test is performed, to show this result. In an experiment, the outcome is open. Very often, tests are performed as part of an experiment.
Products
Products are usually tested for quality, so customers will get good products.
In software engineering, a test is used to see if the software system can do what it should. Software is tested before it is released. Alpha testing is where software developers check the software for bugs. Software can also be checked for quality and usability. Beta testing is done by groups of users.
Tests of cars and other vehicles include a crash test. The car is put under severe conditions to see what will make it fail, or deliberately crashed to measure the damage. Other machines can also be crash tested. Crash test dummies can be used instead of humans. They are placed in the car seat to see if a human in the crash would have been injured or killed.
People
People are tested to see what they have learned. This is often called an assessment or examination. In learning, a test item is a question, or set of questions.
Many people think tests are valuable. They believe tests:
are a quick and fair way of judging a test taker's performance
enable predictions about test takers to be made
allow selection
improve performance by highlighting areas that need work.
However, academic tests are not perfect measures. Tests could only partly measure a student's memory and maybe their understanding. The test would only be about a small part of the subject, and only at that moment in time.
People, animals and plants can also be tested for illnesses. For example, a blood test can be used to check for disease.
Science
In science, tests can done to check for a presence of a substance, or to check the quality of something.
Big Bird

Big Bird is a muppet character on the children's television show Sesame Street. He is a big, yellow bird. Unlike most other muppets, he is a full-body muppet, meaning that the person controlling him is completely inside the costume. The person who played the role of Big Bird was Caroll Spinney from 1969 to 2018. In 2018, Caroll Spinney retired, and Matt Vogel started playing Big Bird full time. Matt Vogel was Caroll Spinney's understudy for many years before he got the role.
Dragan Džajić

Dragan Dzajic (born 30 May 1946) is a former Serbian football player. He has played for Yugoslavia national team.
Setagaya

Setagaya () is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan.
Borka: The Adventures of a Goose With No Feathers

Borka: The Adventures of a Goose With No Feathers is a children's book that was written by John Burningham in 1963. The book won the 1963 Kate Greenaway Medal.
Littoral–Inner Carniola Statistical Region

The Littoral-Inner Carniola Statistical Region () is a statistical region in Slovenia. Until 1 January 2015, it was named the Inner Carniola-Karst Statistical Region ().
Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer

Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer is a commune of 2,478 people (1999). It is located in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France.
Asclepias syriaca

Asclepias syriaca (also known as the common milkweed, butterfly flower, silkweed, silky swallow-wort, and Virginia silkweed) is a species of milkweed plant. It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. It is native to North America. It blooms from June to August. The flowers are green and purple. This species is found in prairies, meadows, and fields. Common Milkweed likes damp to dry soil and sunny or partly shaded places. It is about 0.5 to 1.5 meters in height (1 1/2-5 feet).
Gingins

Gingins is a municipality in the district Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.