kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Tomb Raider (2013 video game)

Tomb Raider is an action-adventure video game. It was developed by Crystal Dynamics. It was published by Square Enix. It is the tenth game in the Tomb Raider series. The game is single-player but also has multiplayer support. It was released on 5 March 2013 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, in January 2014 for OS X, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One and on 27 April 2016 for Linux. A sequel, Rise of the Tomb Raider, was released in 2015.
The game tells the origins of the protagonist Lara Croft on her first adventure, searching for Yamatai on a mysterious island. She must learn to survive as she fights bandits, learns the secrets of the island and rescues allies.
Thannhausen

Thannhausen () is a town in Gunzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Mindel, southeast of Gunzburg, and west of Augsburg.
Palm OS

Palm OS is an operating system that is made to work on small computer devices, mostly Personal Digital Assistants. Palm OS was first released in 1996, when the Palm 1000 was released.
Evpaty Kolovrat

Evpaty Kolovrat was a famous bogatyr from Russia. He was born in 1200 and died heroically in 1238 during the battle with the army of Batu Khan.
Coppet

Coppet is a municipality of the district of Nyon in the Swiss canton of Vaud.
Madingley

Madingley is a village in Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. It is near Coton and Dry Drayton.
OutRun 2006: Coast 2 Coast

OutRun 2006: Coast 2 Coast is an arcade driving game for the playstation 2. It was developed by Sumo Digital and released in 2006 by Sega.
List of languages by number of native speakers

Below is a List of languages by number of native speakers.
Over half the world's population speaks the 15 most used native languages. They are listed here. They are from the Swedish Nationalencyklopedin (2007, 2010).
The distinction between language and dialect is often not clear. Some mutually intelligible versions have been unified. These include Indonesian and Malay; Croatian, Bosnian, and Serbian. It does not include standard Hindi and Urdu. Hindustani has been divided here into the sociolinguistic units of Hindi and Urdu, but at least 100 million speakers of some Hindi dialects are not counted below.
Maria Reynolds

Maria Reynolds was a woman who lived in the 1700s. She is famous for having an affair with Alexander Hamilton.
In 1791, when Maria Reynolds was 23, she went to Alexander Hamilton's house in Philadelphia. She said her husband had left and she wanted to go back to New York, where she was from. He offered to lend her money so she could go. Instead, the two of them began a sexual relationship. Later, Maria Reynolds' husband, James Reynolds, blackmailed Alexander Hamilton: He told Hamilton to give him money or else he would tell Hamilton's wife that he had slept with Maria. Hamilton paid James Reynolds and continued to visit Maria Reynolds.
James Reynolds continued to write letters to Hamilton asking for money, and Hamilton paid. When James Reynolds was arrested for forgery, he asked Hamilton for help. Hamilton did not help. James Reynolds told Hamilton's political enemies, Democratic Republicans James Monroe, Frederick Muhlenberg, and Abraham Venable about the affair. He also said Hamilton had committed other crimes. Monroe, Muhlenberg and Venable talked to Hamilton. They believed he had had an affair but had not committed other crimes. But Monroe made a copy of letters Hamilton's had written to Maria Reynolds and gave it to Thomas Jefferson.
In 1796, James Callendar wrote a book called The History of the United States for 1796. In that book, he accused Hamilton of speculation and of the affair. Hamilton wrote a pamphlet called Observations on Certain Documents in 1797. He said in the pamphlet that he had had the affair but had not done any speculation. The public believed him.
Later, Maria Reynolds sued her husband for divorce. Aaron Burr was her lawyer.
A fictional Maria Reynolds appears in act II of the Broadway musical Hamilton.
Maria and Hamilton had a realation ship that was very inapropriate.
Great Dark Spot

The No. 1989 Great Dark Spot (also known as GDS-89) was a dark spot on Neptune similar in appearance to Jupiter's Great Red Spot. It was discovered in 1989 by NASA's Voyager 2 probe. Although it appears similar to Jupiter's spot, which is an anticyclonic storm (this is like a hurricane), it is believed that the Great Dark Spot is an atmospheric hole similar to the hole in Earth's ozone layer.
However, the insides of Great Dark Spots are mostly cloud-free, and unlike Jupiter's spot, which has lasted for hundreds of years, their lifetimes appear to be much shorter, forming and disappearing once every few years or so. Based on pictures taken by Voyager and since then with the Hubble Space Telescope, Neptune appears to spend a little bit more than half its time with a Great Dark Spot.
Characteristics
The dark, elliptically-shaped spot (with initial dimensions of 13,000 x 6,600 km, or 8,100 x 4,100 mi) was about the same size as Earth, and was similar looking to Jupiter's Great Red Spot. Around the Great Dark Spot, winds were measured blowing up to 2,400 kilometers (1,500 miles) an hour, the fastest in the Solar System. The Great Dark Spot is thought to be a hole in the methane cloud deck of Neptune. The spot was seen at different times with different sizes and shapes.
The Great Dark Spot generated large white clouds at or just below the tropopause layer similar to high-altitude cirrus clouds found on Earth. Unlike the clouds on Earth, however, which are made of mostly crystals of ice, Neptune's clouds are made up of crystals of frozen methane. And while Neptune's clouds usually form and then disappear within a period of a few hours, the clouds in the Great Dark Spot were still present after 36 hours, or two rotations of the planet.
Neptune's dark spots are thought to happen in the troposphere at lower heights (or altitudes) than the brighter upper cloud deck features. As they are stable features that can last for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures.
Disappearance
When pictures were going to be taken of the Great Dark Spot again in November 1994 by the Hubble Space Telescope, it had gone away completely, leaving astronomers to believe that it had either been covered up or that it had just disappeared. The persistence of companion clouds shows that some former dark spots may continue to exist as cyclones even though they are no longer able to be seen as a dark feature. Dark spots may disappear when they move too close to the equator or possibly through some other unknown way.
However, a new spot that looked very much like the old spot appeared in Neptune's northern hemisphere. This new spot, called the Northern Great Dark Spot (NGDS), has remained able to be seen for several years.
Brian Muller

Brian Leo "Jazz" Muller (11 June 1942 - 12 December 2019) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He played as a prop. He played for Taranaki at a provincial level from 1963 to 1972. He was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1967 to 1971. He played 35 matches for the All Blacks, including 14 internationals.
Muller was born in Eltham. He died on 12 December 2019 at the age of 77.
Wakker Prize

The Wakker Prize (, , ) is given every year by the Swiss Heritage Society to a municipality of Switzerland for the making and saving of its historical buildings.
In 2005, the prize was given to the Swiss Federal Railways, rather than a municipality.
The prize is named for Henri-Louis Wakker, a Swiss banker and real estate entrepreneur. His will provided a considerable sum of money without conditions to the Swiss Heritage Society, which in 1972 created the Wakker Prize in his honor.
Shun dynasty

The Shun dynasty (simplified Chinese: Shun Zhao ; traditional Chinese: Shun Zhao ; pinyin: Shun chao), officially the Great Shun (simplified Chinese: Da Shun ; traditional Chinese: Da Shun ; pinyin: Da Shun), was a short-lived Chinese dynasty that existed during the Ming-Qing transition.
The dynasty was founded in Xi'an on 8 February 1644, the first day of the lunar year. The founder was Li Zicheng, the leader of a large peasant rebellion. He proclaimed himself "emperor" (Huang Di ) instead of the title "king" (Wang ) before founding the dynasty.
2010 Asian Games

The 2010 Asian Games was a many-sport event held in Guangzhou, China from November 12 to November 27, 2010. This was the second time that any Chinese city had hosted the Games, after Beijing in 1990. A total of 9,704 athletes from 45 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competed in 476 events from 42 sports and disciplines, making it the biggest event in the history of Asian Games.
Courage

A person has Courage if they do something even though they are afraid. Courage can be doing things that other people think should be scary. A person has courage if they put themself in danger to save another person (this is called mental strength). If someone has courage, it is said that they are courageous, standing up for what you believe in (also called moral strength).
For example, someone may be said to have courage if they fight a lion, or save a baby from a burning building.
Courage is the opposite of fear and can also be called bravery.
Tibetan fox

The Tibetan Sand Fox (Vulpes ferrilata) is a species of true fox. It is endemic to the high Tibetan Plateau in Nepal, China, and Kashmir, up to altitudes of about 5,300 metres. It is sometimes referred to as the Tibetan Fox, or simply as the Sand Fox, but this terminology is confusing because the Corsac Fox (Vulpes corsac), which lives in arid environments north and west of the Tibetan Plateau, is often called the "Sand Fox" as well.
Lorestan province

Lorestan Province is a province of western Iran. It is the home land of the Lurs people and of the Luri language. Lorestan is in the Zagros Mountains, in the western part of Iran.
Some of the important cities are Khorramabad, Borujerd, and Aligoodarz.
Still Not Getting Any...

Still Not Getting Any... is the second studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. Still Not Getting Any... was released on October 26, 2004 through both Atlantic and Lava.
The album peaked at #3 on the Billboard 200 and at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA, selling one million copies.
The album featured the singles "Welcome to My Life", "Shut Up!", "Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)", and "Crazy".
Minsk Region

Minsk Voblasc (Province) or Minsk Oblast is a province (voblast) of Belarus. The administrative center is Minsk. As of 2019, the voblast's population is 1,503,000, which has 15.3% of the national total.
In the northern part of the oblast is the Lake Narach, the largest lake of the country.
There are 22 districts (raions), 307 selsovets, 22 cities, 8 city municipalities, and 20 urban-type settlements.
Minsk Region covers 39,900 km2, which stands about 19.44% of the total area of Belarus Republic. There is the largest lake in the country called Narach in the Minsk Region.
Hindi Wikipedia

The Hindi Wikipedia is the Hindi-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in July 2003. As of June 2018, it had over 125,000 articles. It is only Indian language Wikipedia with over 100,000 articles.
National Harbor, Maryland

National Harbor is a census-designated place along the Potomac River in Oxon Hill, Prince George's County, Maryland just south of Washington, D.C.. It began as a multi-use waterfront development. In the 2010 census, its population was 3,788. The conservative event CPAC is located in National Harbor.
The Swing (Fragonard, 1767-1768)

The Swing (1767-1768) is an oil painting by Jean-Honore Fragonard. It was painted in 1767-1768. It measures 81 x 64 cm (31.9 x 25.2 in). The painting depicts a woman kicking off her shoe as she flies up in a swing. A young man gazes up her skirt while another man controls the swing with a rope. It hangs in the Wallace Collection, London.
Devesset

Devesset is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Arash Estilaf

Arash Estilaf (), known as Hua Bobo () is an Iranian actor and TV host active in China.
Kırşehir

Kirsehir is a city in Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia Region. In 2013, 131,997 people lived there.
Diane Downs

Elizabeth Diane Frederickson Downs (born August 7, 1955) is an American convicted murderer. She was born Elizabeth Diane Frederickson in Phoenix, Arizona. In Oregon on May 19, 1983, she shot her three children and then shot herself in the arm. On June 17, 1984, she was convicted of murder, attempted murder and assault and sentenced to life imprisonment. Downs has been diagnosed with three cluster B personality disorders: antisocial, histrionic and narcissistic.
The movie Small Sacrifices is about her.
Whitchurch, Shropshire

Whitchurch is a small market town in the north of the county of Shropshire, England. It is the oldest town inhabited in Shropshire. The town lies 2 miles (3 km) east of the Welsh border. As of 2011, the town has a population of 9,781.
The town was founded by the Romans and there are still some Roman artefacts that can be visited in a Museum.
The town has a railway station on the Welsh Marches Line.
Wave (gesture)

A wave is a movement of the hand that people use to greet each other or say goodbye. People wave by raising their hand and moving it from side to side. They can also wave by moving their hand up and down. The way that people wave generally depends on their culture.
Brahmanbaria District

Brahmanbaria (Bengali: braahmnnbaadd'iy'aa Bramhonbaria) is a district in east-central Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Division. It was part of greater Comilla District until 1984. Before 1830 the Sarail Pargana was a part of Mymensingh district. The district has 4 municipalities, 39 wards, 97 mahallas, 7 upazilas, 98 union parishads, 1052 mouzas and 1329 villages.
Geography
Brahmanbaria District is located at the east-central region of Bangladesh. It has a total area of 1927.11 km2. Brahmanbaria is bordered by Kishoreganj District and Habiganj District on the north, Comilla District on the south, Habiganj District and Tripura State, India on the east and Meghna River, Kishoreganj District, Narsingdi District and Narayanganj District on the west.
The district is mainly by low-lying land with small hills.
Enterprise, Oregon

Enterprise is a city in and the county seat of Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,940 in the 2010 census.
Carrion crow

The carrion crow (Corvus corone) is a type of crow found in east Asia, and in parts of western Europe. Nests are usually in trees and sometimes old buildings, Young birds get wings about a month after birth. This crow is not in any danger, and is of least concern.
Earl Pomeroy

Earl Pomeroy (born September 2, 1952 in Barnes County, North Dakota) is an American lobbyist for hospitals and a former politician of the Democratic Party.
He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for North Dakota from 1993 to 2011.
Saint-Georges-le-Gaultier

Saint-Georges-le-Gaultier is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Perth, Scotland

Perth () is a city and the main part of the Perth and Kinross council area in Scotland, with around 43,450 people living there. The town was a large burgh before 1975.
Perth is named by some people as The Fair City, Its status in the United Kingdom was not a city a city until 2012. Then, with Chelmsford (in Essex, England) and St Asaph (in north Wales), it was given city status to mark Queen Elizabeth II's 60 years on the throne.
Scotland's other six cities are Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Dundee, Stirling and Inverness.
Perth also has its own football team, St. Johnstone F.C.. This plays in the Scottish Premiership.
Ushaw College

Ushaw College (formally St Cuthbert's College, Ushaw), is a former Catholic seminary near the village of Ushaw Moor, County Durham, England.
Mate. Feed. Kill. Repeat.

Mate. Feed. Kill. Repeat. is the first demo album by American heavy metal band, Slipknot. The demo was released on October 31, 1996. The album was limited to 1,000 copies.
Spartanburg, South Carolina

Spartanburg is a city in and the seat of Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States. It is the 12th-largest city by population in the state. The city of Spartanburg has a population of 37,013 as of the 2010 census. The Spartanburg Metropolitan Statistical Area, including Spartanburg and Union counties, had a population of 317,057 as of the 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.
Domme

Domme can be any of the following:
Domme, Dordogne
A Dominatrix or female dominant.
Erquinghem-Lys

Erquinghem-Lys is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 5,316 people lived there.
Mollens, Valais

Mollens was a municipality of the district Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Mollens, Chermignon, Montana and Randogne merged into the new municipality of Crans-Montana.
Carme Contreras i Verdiales

Carme Contreras i Verdiales (4 October 1932 - 6 July 2020) was a Spanish actress. She was known for dubbing the voice E.T. in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, mother Fratelli in The Goonies and Marge Simpson in The Simpsons in their Catalan versions. On television, her best known role was in El Cor de la Ciutat.
Contreras i Verdiales died on 6 July 2020, aged 87.
Joel H. Cohen

Joel H. Cohen is a Canadian award-winning producer and writer. He has worked on Saturday Night Live, Suddenly Susan, and The Simpsons.
Cohen was born in Canada. He is the younger brother of one-time The Simpsons writer Robert Cohen, who wrote the season three episode "Flaming Moe's".
Work
Cohen is best known for his work on The Simpsons as a writer, producer, and co-executive producer.
Cohen was a consultant writer for The Simpsons Movie.
Cohen was a writer on the movie Extinct (2021).
Cohen wrote season 4, episode 9 of Suddenly Susan entitled The Birthday Party. He also wrote the teleplay of episode 20 called The Reversal.
Cohen wrote the non-fiction book How to Lose a Marathon which describes what it took for him to complete a marathon in New York City. It is 26.2 chapters long, which is an odd number of chapters in the United States as 99% of books have full chapters. His book was released on April 4, 2017, by Abrams and as an audiobook by Audible.com.
Enver Galim

Enver Galim (March 15, 1915, Kazan, Russian Empire - March 2, 1988, New York, US), Tatar writer and journalist, was one of the translators of the Bible into the Tatar language.
After graduating from the Institute of the Tatar Language and Literature in 1938, Enver Galim worked as a school teacher and a journalist. He was drafted into the Soviet Army in 1941 and sent to the front to fight against Nazi Germany. A year later he was severely wounded and captured by German soldiers. After spending a few months in the POW camp Enver Galim was released. Fearing repression in Stalinist Russia, he decided to stay in Germany. To avoid deportation, he applied for Turkish citizenship and after receiving it, changed his name to Enver Galimoglu.
After the war, he continued his career as a journalist, writing articles for the magazine Azad Vatan and other publications. Between 1953 and 1988 Enver Galim worked for the Tatar-Bashkir Service of Radio Liberty. After 1968 he was Radio Liberty's correspondent based in New York. He contributed numerous articles and analyses to Problems of the Peoples of the USSR, the Turkish-language magazine Dergi and the Russian-language newspaper Vestnik. One of his major works was the translation of the Bible into the Tatar language.
High Prussian dialect

High Prussian () is a variant of East Central German dialects that was previously spoken in East Prussia and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is currently spoken in Poland.
First United Methodist Church (Mabank, Texas)

The First United Methodist Church is a Methodist church in the town of Mabank in Kaufman, Texas.
It was built in 1901 along at the 501 S 3rd St, Mabank, Texas, it is divided by two of towns, Mabank and Gun Barrel City.
Zuchon

Zuchon or Shichon is a hybrid breed dog or a designer dog. It is cross between Bichon Frise and Shih Tzu.
The Zuchon is a small designer dog with a height around 12 inches. It weighs 12 to 14 pounds. Because it is a hybrid dog from two purebreds, it is known to have hybrid vigor (extra strength and health). When these dogs are first generation, they could possibly have better health than purebred dogs.
Since people are usually not allergic to them, Zuchons are generally more suitable for homes with allergy problems.
Staff (music)

A staff (or stave) is the name given to the five horizontal lines on which we can write music. Musical notes can be placed either on a line (i.e. with a line going through the middle of the note head) or in a space. There are four inside spaces as well as the two outer spaces at the top or bottom.
The higher the pitch of the note the higher it will be on the staff. Taking the white notes of a keyboard: each note (A, B, C, D etc.) is placed higher on the stave (line, space, line, space etc.). A clef is needed to show which notes they are. There are different clefs to suit high, medium or low instruments.
This musical example shows the opening of Symphony no 5 by Beethoven. The first three notes are on the second line (counting from the bottom). They are Gs, because there is a treble clef at the beginning of the staff. The fourth note is a little lower: on the bottom line, the E line (because of the flats in the key signature it is an E flat). The next note is between the other two in pitch (an F). After the three Fs comes a D in the outside bottom space.
Sometimes composers have used staves with fewer or more than 5 lines, but the five-line staff started to become the usual one in Western music in the 13th century.
When notes are a little too high or low to put on the stave, extension lines are used. These are called ledger lines.
If two or more staves are being played at the same time the staves are joined on the left by a bracket which is called a brace. Piano music, for example, is written on two staves: one for the right hand and one for the left.
Instruments that only play a rhythm (such as the cymbals), do not need a stave. The notes can be written just on one line. The beats are crosses. It's modern notation started from the Catholic Church.
Torchwood

Torchwood is a British science fiction television programme. It is about a secret organisation protecting the Earth from aliens. It has been shown on TV channels in Britain including BBC One, BBC Two, and BBC Three. It can be viewed on Netflix and is sometimes shown on American TV channels including Starz . The show is a spin off of the British television series Doctor Who. It follows the Cardiff, Wales section of a secret group called the Torchwood Institute. The Torchwood Institute examines things that aliens cause to happen on Earth. They also collect alien equipment to use.
The series is set in Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales. Series 1 takes place after Doctor Who Series 2. Series 2 takes place in between Doctor Who Series 3 and Series 4. Because the shows are science fiction and some characters live forever, it is hard to track down the exact times in which Doctor Who and Torchwood overlap.
Torchwood stars John Barrowman as Captain Jack Harkness, the leader of the Cardiff Torchwood Institute. Barrowman also played Harkness in Series 1, Series 3 and Series 4 of the current Doctor Who (2005). Eve Myles plays Gwen Cooper, a policewoman who joins the group. Gareth David-Lloyd stars as Ianto Jones, a person who helps out and is a love interest of Jack. Jack Harkness, Ianto Jones, and Gwen Cooper are the central cast members. Also, Naoko Mori plays scientist Toshiko Sato. Burn Gorman plays Doctor Owen Harper.
Because the show is set in and around Cardiff, many of the local attractions like the Millennium Centre and Cardiff Bay are shown in the series. Country settings around Glamorgan are also used many times in the series.
The programme is aimed at adults and older teenagers.
The third series is a five episode long story named Children of Earth. Children of Earth has returning cast members John Barrowman as Captain Jack Harkness, Eve Myles as Gwen Cooper, and Gareth David-Lloyd as Ianto Jones.
The fourth series is a ten episode story named Miracle Day. Miracle Day has returning cast members John Barrowman as Captain Jack Harkness and Eve Myles as Gwen Cooper.
San Jose State Spartans

San Jose State Spartans is the name of the different sport teams at San Jose State University. The teams compete in the Mountain West Conference (MW) at the NCAA Division I level. (Football Bowl Subdivision which used to be known as Division 1-A for football.) The university has taken part in athletics since its baseball team began in 1890.
San Jose State University sports teams have won in the NCAA in track and field, cross country running, golf, and boxing. By 2008, SJSU had won 10 NCAA team championships and 50 NCAA Division 1 champions. SJSU also has an international reputation for judo, winning 43 out of 46 collegiate national championships in the sport (by 2008).
People who once went to SJSU have won 18 Olympic medals (including seven gold medals) since the gold medal won by Willie Steel in track and field in the 1948 Olympics. These people have won medals in swimming, judo and boxing.
The track team coached by "Bud" Winter earned San Jose the nickname "Speed City," and has included Olympic medalists and social activists Lee Evans, John Carlos and Tommie Smith. Smith and Carlos are remembered for giving the raised fist salute from the medalist's podium during the 1968 Summer Olympic Games in Mexico City.
In 2008 head coaches from the men's soccer, baseball, women's gymnastics, and women's golf programs had all been named the conference "Coach of the Year."
Current athletics programs
As of 2022, San Jose State competes at the Division I level in each of the following sports. Except as noted, all teams compete in the MW.
Baseball
Basketball (men)
Basketball (women)
Beach volleyball (women) - Competes in the Southland Conference.
Cross country (men)
Cross country (women)
Football
Golf (men)
Golf (women)
Gymnastics (women) - Competes in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation.
Soccer (men) - Competes in the Western Athletic Conference.
Soccer (women)
Softball
Swimming/Diving (women)
Tennis (women)
Volleyball (women)
Water polo (men) - Competes in the Golden Coast Conference through the 2022 season (2022-23 school year), after which the team will join the West Coast Conference.
Water polo (women) - Competes in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation.
John Whitney Hall

John Whitney Hall (September 13, 1916 - October 21, 1997), was an American academic, historian, editor and professor at Yale University.
Early years
Hall was born in Kyoto in 1916. He lived in Japan until he was a teenager. According to his wife, "Being brought up in Japan and by missionaries, he was a very straight-arrow kind of person. There is this kind of missionary feeling, that you must make something of this [life], not just throw it away."
At Amherst College, he was awarded a degree in 1939. He returned to Japan an instructor in English at Doshisha University in Kyoto until 1941.
Hall earned his Ph.D. in East Asian languages and literatures from Harvard University in 1950. At Harvard, he became one of the first graduate students to study under Edwin O. Reischauer.
Career
In 1948, Hall began teaching at the University of Michigan.
His earliest book was Tanuma Okitsugu, 1718-1787. Among other interests, his research focused on the Kamakura period in the history of Japan.
He taught at Yale University until he retired in 1983. Yale's John W. Hall Lecture Series in Japanese Studies was established in his memory.
Selected works
In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about John Whitney Hall, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 90+ works in 200+ publications in 8 languages and 10,000+ library holdings
Japanese History; a Guide to Japanese Reference and Research Materials (1954)
Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719-1788, Forerunner of Modern Japan (1955)
Government and Local Power in Japan, 500 to 1700; a Study Based on Bizen Province (1960)
Japanese History: New Dimensions of Approach and Understanding (1961)
Twelve Doors to Japan (1965) with Richard K. Beardsley
Studies in the Institutional History of Early Modern Japan (1968) with Marius Jansen
Japan, from Prehistory to Modern Times (1970)
Japan in the Muromachi Age (1977) with Toyoda Takeshi
The Cambridge history of Japan (1988- )
Honors
Order of the Sacred Treasure
Japan Foundation Award, 1976
Since 1994, the Association for Asian Studies (AAS) has awarded the John Whitney Hall Book Prize for an English language book published on Japan or Korea.
Katka's Reinette Apples

Katka's Reinette Apples () is a 1926 Soviet silent drama movie directed by Fridrikh Ermler and Eduard Ioganson. It stars Veronika Buzhinskaya, Bella Chernova, and Yakov Gudkin.
Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen

Ernst Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (Gotha, 21 August 1681 - Hildburghausen, 9 March 1724), was a duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen. He was the oldest son of Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen and Countess Sophie Henriette of Waldeck.
When he was younger, he served in the Netherlands army. He was wounded in the Spanish Succession War at Hochstadt. In 1715, after the death of his father, he left the Army and governed the duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
Like many German princes, He wanted his duchy to have the splendor of the court of the King Louis XIV of France. This caused him to be ruined financially.
Because he always needed money, he raised taxes and sold towns. He sold the county of Cuylenburg which was the dowry of his wife. The county was sold in 1720. He did not sell it to pay any money he owed to others. It was sold so that a garden and a channel could be built in his palace. In 1723 the Schalkau was sold to the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen. At the time, Schalkau had city privileges, and the right to hold a market. What was sold was an administrative division, much like a county, only smaller, which included Schalkau. The sale without the agreement of his wife was illegal. This led to a war with Saxe-Meiningen. At the end of the war, all of the county was ruined.
Because of his very bad taxes, in 1717 an open revolt took place in the duchy.
Family
Ernst Frederick married Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach in Erbach on 4 February 1704. They had fourteen children:
Ernst Ludwig Hollandinus (b. Hildburghausen, 24 November 1704 - d. Hildburghausen, 26 November 1704)
Sophie Amalie Elisabeth (b. Hildburghausen, 5 October 1705 - d. Hildburghausen, 28 February 1708)
Ernst Ludwig (b. Hildburghausen, 6 February 1707 - d. Hildburghausen, 17 April 1707)
Ernst Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (b. Hildburghausen, 17 December 1707 - d. Hildburghausen, 13 August 1745)
Frederick August (b. Hildburghausen, 8 May 1709 - d. Hildburghausen, 1710)
Ludwig Frederick (b. Hildburghausen, 11 September 1710 - d. Nimwegen, 10 June 1759), married on 4 May 1749 to Christine Luise von Holstein-Plon. This marriage was childless.
Stillborn son (Hildburghausen, 2 August 1711)
Stillborn son (Hildburghausen, 24 August 1712)
Elisabeth Albertine (b. Hildburghausen, 3 August 1713 - d. Neustrelitz, 29 June 1761), married on 5 May 1735 to Karl Ludwig Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Herr of Mirow.
2045

2045 (MMXLV) will be .
Predicted and scheduled events
August 12 - A solar eclipse will occur from northern California to Florida.
October 24 - 100th anniversary of the United Nations
Date unknown
Futurist Ray Kurzweil predicts a technological singularity for 2045, i.e. a runaway cycle of self-improvement by intelligent machines, resulting in explosive technological development.
Based on Ray Kurzweil's ideas, Time magazine predicts humans will be immortal by this year.
Demographic projections "foresee the population of Egypt overtaking that of Russia by 2045," according to Niall Ferguson.
Two of Japan's largest cities - Tokyo and Osaka - will be connected by a direct high-speed maglev route.
The United Kingdom is set to overtake Germany as Europe's leading economy.
In fiction
In the novel 2045: A Story of Our Future, Peter Seidel portrays what the world could be like in 2045, if current trends in environmental destruction, population growth, and economic inequality continue.
Beginning of Corporation War in Ace Combat 3: Electrosphere
In South Africa white minority rule comes to an end as most of the whites are massacred in an uprising, in John Wyndham's The Outward Urge.
The American Dad character Klaus has a body again and a grandson.
The events portrayed in the movie Critters 4 take place in 2045.
Time in History where Command & Conquer: Tiberium Wars, the 3rd Tiberium War takes place.
In Macross 7, The main events of the series take place in this year.
Mami Kaneda

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kaneda was born on March 9, 1968. She played for Shimizudaihachi SC and Nissan FC.
On October 22, 1984, when Kaneda was 16 years old, she debuted for the Japan national team against Australia. She played 3 games for Japan until 1986.
CNCP

CNCP may refer to:
CNCP Telecommunications, Canadian telecom company;
Commission nationale de la certification professionnelle, French National Commission for Vocational Certification.
B. D. Mishra

Brigadier B. D. Mishra (born 20 July 1939) is an Indian politician and former brigadier of the Indian Army. In October 2017, Governor of Arunachal Pradesh.
Order of Brothers of the Sword

The Order of the Brothers of the Sword (German: Schwertbruderorden , officially the Brothers of the Military Service of Christ in Livonia) was a Catholic military order of knights founded in 1202 by the priest Theoderich or possibly Bishop Albert of Riga.
The army of the order was defeated at the battle of Saule in 1236. In 1237 it joined with the Teutonic Knights and was called the Order of Livonia.
Pit bull

Pit bull is a word used to describe several breeds of dog. This includes the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully and Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and dogs with a mix of these breeds. In some locations, the modern American Bulldog and Bull Terrier are described as a "pit bull-type dog". Pit bull can also mean dogs that were known as "bull terriers" before the development of the modern Bull Terrier in the early 20th century.
These dogs were bred by crossing bulldog breeds and terriers. Pit bulls are very strong and can pull many times their weight. They were also bred for dog fighting. The place where such dogs fought was called a pit. As such dogs can be dangerous, very often a special permit is needed to breed or to own them. Some places or countries may have forbidden their use.
Some disagree that Pitbulls were bred for fighting and as such are dangerous, but rather were bred as nanny dogs and are excellent guardians of children and small animals. Raised properly they are loyal, highly intelligent, loving, playful and very obedient pets. Unfortunately, their unusual strength and stamina made them easy targets for exploitation.
Saldus

Saldus is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1917.
Miño de San Esteban

Mino de San Esteban is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Bernie Geoffrion

Joseph Bernard Andre Geoffrion (February 14, 1931 - March 11, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. His nickname was Boom Boom.
Geoffrion was considered an innovator of the slapshot. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1972. He played for the Montreal Canadiens and New York Rangers in the National Hockey League. In 2017 Geoffrion was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.
Duje Bonačić

Duje Bonacic (10 April 1929 - 24 January 2020) was a Croatian rower. He won a gold medal in the coxless four event at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Bonacic was born in Split.
Bonacic died in Split on 24 January 2020 after a short illness, aged 90.
Jardins de Marqueyssac

The Marqueyssac gardens are located in the town of Vezac, in the French department of Dordogne, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. They are on the list of remarkable gardens in France.
Nineteen hectares form a site classified for its "picturesque and historical interest" since the ministerial decree of December 16, 1969.
Laid out on a rocky outcrop 130 meters above the river, the park offers a view of the valley, castles and neighboring villages, including Beynac-et-Cazenac, Fayrac, Castelnaud, La Roque-Gageac and Domme.
Ontario Highway 144

Ontario Highway 144 is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It starts at Highway 17/TheTrans Canada Highway in Sudbury. North through Northern Ontario. It ends near Timmins at Ontario Highway 101. It is long. It travels through mostly unpopulated areas.
Josef Bertalan

Josef Bertalan (born 29 September 1934) is an Austrian former footballer.
Career
Bertalan started his career with his local club ATSV Fischamend where he played in the first team when he was only 17 years old. 1952 he went to SK Rapid Wien. From 1952 till 1963 he played for this club. He ended his career at 1. Simmeringer SC.
On 1 May 1960 he played his only match for the Austrian national football team versus Czechoslowakia.
Bill Wendell

Bill Wendell (William Joseph Wenzel, Jr.; March 22, 1924 - April 14, 1999) was an American NBC television announcer. He was the announcer for the Late Show with David Letterman from 1993 until he retired in 1995.
Wendell was born on March 22, 1924 in New York City, New York. He studied at Fordham University. Wendell died on April 14, 1999 in Boca Raton, Florida from cancer, aged 75.
UEFA Euro 2016 squads

These are the twenty-four national teams who played at Euro 2016 in France. Every national association must present before the UEFA a list of 23 footballers (which three of them must be goalkeepers) in ten days before the first match, that means: 31th May, 2016.
A footballer can be replaced by another one if he is injured or sick, although must be certified by the UEFA's Medical Committee and by the medical staff of his football club.
These dispositions are applied according art. 44 of Euro 2016's regulations.
Agave americana

Agave americana, common names century plant, maguey, or American aloe, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to Mexico and the United States in Texas. It is cultivated worldwide as an ornamental plant, and has been naturalized in many regions, including parts of the Caribbean, South America, Mediterranean Sea, Africa, Canary Islands, India, China, Thailand, and Australia.
Choy Mow Thim

Choy Mow Thim is a retired cyclist from Malaysia. Thim competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born on 29 May 1947.
Saint-Sulpice-et-Cameyrac

Saint-Sulpice-et-Cameyrac is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
No Child of Mine

No Child of Mine is a February 1997 British documentary-drama and domestic violence television movie. It is about the true case of a 13-year-old girl named Kerry (played by Brooke Kinsella). Kerry was sexually abused and bullied at several times by her abusive mother, Linda (played by Sharon Small), and her father, Jim (played by Bill Geraghty).
Boing

Boing is an Italian TV channel marketed at children and teenagers, produced and broadcast in Italy by Time Warner on its DVB-T frequencies.
Pettis County, Missouri

Pettis County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Sedalia. In 2020, 42,980 people lived there.
Kemetism

Kemetism (also called Kemeticism, Neterism, or Egyptian neopaganism) is a new religious movement that wants to revive the Ancient Egyptian religion. The movement started in the 1970s; most of its followers live in the United States, in France or in the Czech Republic.
Great Saling

Great Saling is a village and civil parish in Braintree district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 261 people living in Great Saling.
Jack Bannon

John James "Jack" Bannon (June 14, 1940 - October 25, 2017) was an American television actor. He may be best known for his role as Art Donovan on Lou Grant, a role he played from 1977-82. In 1963, Bannon appeared in the Season 1 episode "Kate's Recipe For Hot Rhubarb" of Petticoat Junction as Roger. In 1969, Bannon appeared again on Petticoat Junction (after his mother died in 1968) appearing as "Buck". He was born in Los Angeles, California.
Bannon was married to actress Ellen Travolta, a retired actress and elder sister of John Travolta, from 1983 until his death in 2017.
Bannon died on October 25, 2017 at his home in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho at the age of 77.
Jodi Balfour

Jodi Balfour (born 29 October 1987) is a South African actress. She is known for her role as Gladys Witham in the Canadian television drama series Bomb Girls. In 2019, she starred in the Apple TV+ space drama series For All Mankind.
Balfour is openly queer.
Ice cube

Ice cubes are small pieces of ice that are often cubes. These pieces are sometimes used to cool drinks. Ice cubes are used in mixed drinks, when the drink has the words "on the rocks."
Ice cubes are made by filling a tray with water and putting it in a freezer. Many freezers also have an icemaker. Icemakers make ice cubes and put them in a bin. After that, they can be put in a glass.
Ice cubes are also made commercially and sold in large amounts. These ice cubes are usually cylindrical, and might have holes through the center. Commercially made ice cubes are very clear, as the water doesn't have much air dissolved in it.
Ice cubes can also be crushed into different-shaped flakes, which some people think makes some kinds of cocktails look better. Crushed ice is also used to cool a drink or other liquid quickly because the speed of cooling depends on the amount and average radius of the ice particles.
First artificial ice cubes
American physician and humanitarian John Gorrie built a refrigerator in 1844 to be able to cool air. His refrigerator made ice, which he hung from the ceiling in a basin. Gorrie is the creator of ice cubes, even though he was not trying to cool drinks. Instead, he used the ice to cool the room's temperature. During that time, people thought that bad air quality made people sick. So, to help treat sickness, he advocated for the draining of swamps and the cooling of sickrooms.
Ice cube tray
Ice cube trays are designed to be filled with water, then put in a freezer until the water freezes to ice, thus creating ice cubes. Trays are often flexible, so the ice cubes can be removed easily by flexing the tray. Another design is an aluminum tray with a lever that raises the ice cubes up, releasing them from the tray. A motorized kind of this is in most automatic ice-making freezers.
Even though ice cubes are usually shaped like cubes, there are trays that make spherical or cylindrical shapes. These are sometimes called ice tubes. Some novelty trays make blocks of ice in seasonal, festive, or other shapes.
The first flexible, stainless steel, all-metal ice cube tray was made by Guy L. Tinkham in 1933. The tray bent sideways to remove the ice cubes.
The first rubber ice cube tray was made by Lloyd Groff Copeman. One day in 1928, while walking through some woods getting sap for maple syrup, Copeman saw that slush and ice came off of his rubber boots instead of sticking to them. After talking about it with his patent attorney at lunch, he did experiments using rubber cups. Later, he made and patented several kinds of tray: a metal tray with rubber separators, a metal tray with individual rubber cups, and a tray made of only rubber.
Alvey A. Adee

Alvey Augustus Adee (November 27, 1842 - July 4, 1924) was an American politicians and diplomat. He was a long-time official with the United States Department of State. He served as the acting Secretary of State in 1898 during the Spanish-American War.
Cashmere wool

Cashmere wool is a kind of fiber which is produced from the wool of cashmere goats. Most cashmere wool is produced in China, Mongolia, Iran, and the Asiatic highlands known as Pamir. Large farms can also be found in Australia, New Zealand and Scotland. Cashmere wool is among the most valuable kinds of natural fiber. For this reason, textiles are often mixed with merino wool.
Mézidon Vallée d'Auge

Mezidon Vallee d'Auge is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Mezidon-Canon (the seat), Les Authieux-Papion, Coupesarte, Crevecoeur-en-Auge, Croissanville, Grandchamp-le-Chateau, Lecaude, Magny-la-Campagne, Magny-le-Freule, Le Mesnil-Mauger, Monteille, Percy-en-Auge, Saint-Julien-le-Faucon and Vieux-Fume.
Fingringhoe

Fingringhoe is a village and civil parish in Colchester borough, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 783 people living in Fingringhoe.
Lyrick Studios

Lyrick Studios, Inc., made in 1988 as The Lyons Group, was an American video production and distribution company based in Allen, Texas, a suburb in Dallas. They were known for producing and distributing shows like Barney and Wishbone, as well as videos and albums from two music artists, Joe Scruggs and The Wiggles. They also had book rights to Humongous Entertainment characters like Putt-Putt, Freddi Fish, and Pajama Sam. They paired with Big Idea for mass market distribution of prints and reprints of VeggieTales home videos, as well as rights to VeggieTales plush toys. On February 9, 2001, the company was acquired by HIT Entertainment and the two companies merged in June the same year, with the logo continuing to be used until August 2002.
History
The Beginning (1988 - 1994)
In 1988, The Lyons Group was formed as a division of DLM, Inc., an educational company owned by Richard C. Leach. Lyons began producing and distributing a direct-to-video pilot series titled Barney & the Backyard Gang, which was created by Leach's daughter-in-law, Sheryl Leach. Three years after the home video series debuted, Barney caught the attention of executives at PBS, and the concept was then changed for television as Barney & Friends. The show started broadcasting on the organization's flagship television service on April 6, 1992.
Lyrick Studios was formed in 1994, and The Lyons Group became a division of a new company under the name Lyons Partnership.
The Acquisitions and Expansion Era (1995 - 2000)
The company made the series Wishbone for PBS in 1995. This series was produced by Big Feats! Entertainment, another division of the company, and was primarily filmed on a studio backlot in Allen, Texas.
In the late 1990s, Lyrick got the distribution (selling) rights for VeggieTales and The Wiggles. They also had book and video game distribution rights for some Humongous Entertainment video game characters, such as Putt-Putt, Freddi Fish, and Pajama Sam.
The HIT Entertainment Acquisition Era and Aftermath (2001 - 2003)
According to Phil Vischer, he chose the company to release the videos since Lyrick Studios' founder and former chairman Richard C. Leach was a committed Christian, and the company let the religious tones on the shows remain intact, unlike other distributors Big Idea had asked beforehand. The company was acquired by HiT Entertainment on February 9, 2001, shortly before Richard C. Leach died.
In 2002, Big Idea turned to Warner Home Video to serve as their new mass market distributor; HiT responded to this by filing a lawsuit against them for $11 million, which was one of the major causes of Big Idea's 2003 bankruptcy with The Ultimate Silly Song Countdown. The home video division of the company was rebranded under the HIT Entertainment name and remained trading until at the end of 2006, when HIT shuttered the division and began to release products in the United States through outside third-parties instead.