kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
California State University, Northridge

California State University, Northridge or CSUN is a public university in Northridge, California, a neighborhood in the United States' second-largest city of Los Angeles. CSUN belongs to the California State University system. It was founded first as the Valley satellite campus of California State University, Los Angeles and adopted its current name of California State University, Northridge in 1972. It has become the third largest university in the California State System.
CSUN offers a variety of programs leading to bachelor's degrees in 61 fields, master's degrees in 42 fields, and a doctoral degree in educational leadership. Cal State Northridge hosts the National Center on Deafness, and each year the university hosts the International Conference on Technology and Persons with Disabilities.
The school's sports teams, nicknamed "Matadors", play in the Big West Conference.
Chavannes-sur-Moudon

Chavannes-sur-Moudon is a municipality in the of Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Naturalization

Naturalization is when a person changes his or her nationality. Most people have the nationality of the country where they are born and grow up. In other cases, one can be a citizen of a country because the individual in question had a parent, grandparent, etc who was/is a citizen of a different country. If they move to another country they will still keep their own nationality at first, but if they stay there for many years and want to stay there for the rest of their lives they may want to change their nationality.
Different countries have different laws about naturalization. Usually the person must make a promise in a court of law. He will have to promise to be a good citizen and obey the country's laws. Sometimes a country gives citizenship to someone who has not asked for it. Sometimes, someone can keep their first nationality as well as getting a new one. This is "dual nationality". Sometimes children whose parents have different nationalities are allowed to have dual nationality.
Someone who has been naturalized will normally have all the rights that any other person belonging to that country has.
The reverse also happens. States sometimes remove citizenship. This denaturalization can leave the former citizen stateless.
Dynamite (BTS song)

"Dynamite" is a song by the band BTS. It was released on August 21, 2020. It is their first English song. It has been described as 'uplifting' and infectious.
Middletown Springs, Vermont

Middletown Springs is a town in Rutland County, Vermont, United States.
Vivaha Panchami

Vivah Panchami is a Hindu festival celebrating the wedding of Rama and Sita. It is observed on the fifth day of the Shukla paksha or waxing phase of moon in the Agrahayana month (November - December) as per Maithili calendar. The day is observed as the Vivah Utsav of Sita and Rama in temples and sacred places associated with Sri Rama in Mithila region of India and Nepal.
Big Mama Thornton

Willie Mae "Big Mama" Thornton (November 12, 1926, Montgomery, Alabama - July 25, 1984 in Los Angeles, California) was an American blues singer, harp player and songwriter.
Thornton was the first who recorded "Hound Dog" by Leiber and Stoller. Another song which is often covered is "Ball 'n Chain". It is included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame list of the "500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll". It is one of her best-known songs because of being performed and recorded by Janis Joplin.
Career
She was born in Montgomery, Alabama. She got her musical education in a Baptist church, where her father was a minister and her mother a choir singer. At the age of 14 she joined Sammy Green's Georgia-based Hot Harlem Revue and toured the south. She was also a self-taught drummer and harmonica player. She often played each instrument onstage.
1948 she settled in Houston. In 1951 she was signing a recording contract with Peacock Records. For this label she recorded "Hound Dog" which became #1 in the Rhythm 'n Blues charts. Then she toured with Junior Parker and Esther Phillips. At the end of the 1950s her career faded. She relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area, where she mostly played local blues clubs.
In 1966 she recorded Big Mama Thornton With The Muddy Waters Blues Band featuring Muddy Waters (guitar), Sammy Lawhorn (guitar), James Cotton(harmonica), Otis Spann (piano), Luther Johnson (bass guitar), and Francis Clay (drums). Her Ball 'n' Chain album in 1968 with Lightnin' Hopkins (guitar) and Larry Williams (vocals), included the songs "Hound Dog", "Wade in the Water", "Little Red Rooster", "Ball 'n' Chain", "Money Taker", and "Prison Blues".
One of Thornton's last albums was Jail (1975) for Vanguard Records.The album was recorded in the mid-1970s at two prisons. She became the leader of a blues ensemble .Thornton performed at the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1966 and 1968, and at the San Francisco Blues Festival in 1979. In 1965 she performed with the American Folk Blues Festival package in Europe where she recorded her album Big Mama Thornton in Europe and followed it up the next year in San Francisco with Big Mama Thornton with the Chicago Blues Band. Both albums came out on the Arhoolie label. Thornton continued to record for Vanguard, Mercury, and other small labels in the 1970s and to work the blues festival circuit until her death in 1984. She was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1984.
Thornton died of a heart attack in Los Angeles on 25 July 1984 at the age of 57.
McPherson County

McPherson County is the name of three counties in the United States:
McPherson County, Kansas
McPherson County, Nebraska
McPherson County, South Dakota
When the Money's Gone

"When the Money's Gone" is a 1995 song by Bruce Roberts featuring Elton John on the backing vocals. It went to number 32 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play charts.
Cher version
In 2003 Cher covered When the Money's Gone as a B-side to her single Love One Another and was taken from her 24th studio album Living Proof''. It went to number 72 in Romania and was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2004.
Bishkek

Bishkek (Bishkek) is the capital city of Kyrgyzstan. It has a population of 900,000 (2005). It was originally founded in 1878 as the Russian fortress of Pishpek (Pishpek). From 1926 until 1991 it was known as Frunze (Frunze), after the Bolshevik military leader Mikhail Frunze. In the Kyrgyz language, a Bishkek is a churn used to make stirred horse milk (kumis), the Kyrgyz national drink.
Kaštanka

Kastanka is a forest. It has one of the highest lying sets of chestnuts in central Europe. It is in a small town called Nasavrky. Nasavrky is in eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic. It is about 25 km south of county seat Pardubice.
History
Jan Adam von Auersperg came back from Italy with six seedlings of chestnut at the end of 18th century. He ordered that the seedlings were planted on the north side of Nasavrky hill. This happened between 1776 to 1778. The plants were the start of Kastanka. In passing time, the set was expanded a lot. Kastanka had over 110 trees in the turn of 19th and 20th century.
Kastanka was made a nature monument on 1 December 1990. At that time, Kastanka had over 138 trees. One of the first planted trees survives to this day. It was named "Knizak" in honor of prince Auersperg.
The chestnut became the sign of Nasavrky. It became the main motive in the emblem of the city Nasavrky, and the flag of Nasavrlky in 1996.
Main information
Kastanka is natural monument which was declared as special protection area on 1st December 1990. The set of chestnuts is on a slight rise north ward. This area is in a built-up area about 100 meters from the city square. Kastanka is at an altitude of 472 - 486. The area of set is 1,088 hectares large and all trees are chestnut trees expect a few that are on the edge.
Charles Koechlin

Charles Koechlin (pronounce:"Ke-klin" with "klin" to rhyme with French "vin"), (born Paris, November 27 1867; died Le Canadel, December 31 1950) was a French composer, teacher and writer on music. He wrote a very large amount of music, but very little of it was published because he was more interested in helping younger composers than making himself well-known. Some of his best works include his symphonic poems and his film music.
His life
Koechlin was born in Paris, the youngest child of a large and rich family. His mother's family came from the Alsace near the French border with Germany, and he was proud of his Alsatian background. His grandfather on his mother's side had started a cotton textile firm in Mulhouse and his father worked in the textile business. When Koechlin was 14 his father died. He showed an interest in music, but his family wanted him to be an artillery officer. However, he had tuberculosis and had to spent six months getting better in Algeria. After finishing his schooling he was allowed to enter the Paris Conservatoire in 1890. Two years later he was studying composition with Massenet, and in 1896 he was a pupil of Gabriel Faure. Ravel was a pupil in the same class. Faure had a big influence on Koechlin who wrote a book about him and helped him to arrange some of his music for orchestra.
Koechlin became a freelance composer and teacher. He married Suzanne Pierrard in 1903 and they had five children. At first he was comfortably off, but after World War I the family lost a lot of money and they had to sell their country house.
Koechlin had very free views about music, and this is probably why he never got a teaching job at the Piano Conservatoire. He also agreed with some things that the Communists thought. He did not like modern inventions like the telephone and radio. He looked like an old Russian patriarch with his long beard. He dressed in velvet trousers, sandals and a shepherd's cape for bad weather. He liked outdoor activities such as swimming and mountaineering. He was offered the Legion d'honneur in 1940 but refused it.
His music
Koechlin composed in a variety of styles, even changing the style during a piece. He often liked quiet music with long chords which are played for the sounds they make rather than for giving the music a traditional shape. Sometimes there were no barlines in his music. He often composed in his head while on a train or climbing a mountain.
His works for orchestra include Les Bandarlogs which was based on the Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling. Kipling's "Bandarlog" are a troupe of monkeys in the forest. The music describes the monkeys, but Koechlin also gives it another meaning: he is criticising music critics, comparing them to monkeys. In the Seven Stars Symphony each movement is about a famous film star. They include Greta Garbo, Marlene Dietrich and Charlie Chaplin. He wrote a lot of chamber music and piano music, including some dances for Ginger Rogers.
Edwin Pope

John Edwin Pope (April 11, 1928 - January 19, 2017) was an American journalist.
Biography
He was known for his sportswriting at the Miami Herald, where his work appeared from 1956 until his death in 2017. He covered Super Bowl I through Super Bowl XLVII. Some called him as "the best writer of sports in America."
Pope's success with his 1954 book Football's Greatest Coaches, allowed him to leave the Atlanta area and move down to Miami, where he accepted a job at the Miami Herald in 1956. While he retired as the Herald sports editor in 2003, he contributed columns to the newspaper until 2016, when he wrote his last piece eulogizing boxer and former Miami resident Muhammad Ali.
Jeffrey R. Holland

Jeffrey Roy Holland (born December 3, 1940) is an American educator and religious leader. He was the ninth President of Brigham Young University and is a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) since 1994. Holland was born in St. George, Utah.
Pel-et-Der

Pel-et-Der is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Appling, Georgia

Appling is a census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Columbia County.
Bruce Lanoil

Bruce Lanoil (born July 5, 1960) is an American actor, voice actor and puppeteer. He plays various puppets for both The Jim Henson Company and The Walt Disney Company. He often works with the British puppeteer David Alan Barclay.
Amplituhedron

An amplituhedron is a geometric shape that makes it easier to calculate particle interactions in quantum field theories.
Currently, the limits of the N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, which is used to calculate the amplituhedron, cause it to be a toy theory. Therefore, the application of the amplituhedron is limited in the real world.
Vilhelmina BK

Vilhelmina BK was a sports club in Vilhelmina in Sweden. The women's soccer team played in the Swedish top division in 1981.
Donkey Kong Land 2

Donkey Kong Land 2 is a Game Boy video game that is a part of the Donkey Kong video game series. This game was released in 1996 by Nintendo and was developed by Rare, Ltd.. There is a predecessor to this game named Donkey Kong Land and a sequel called Donkey Kong Land III.
Story
The plot is similar to Donkey Kong Country 2's plot. It has King K. Rool once again kidnapping Donkey Kong, who can only be freed if Diddy Kong gives the bananas from the Banana Hoard to K. Rool.
Central Alberta

Central Alberta is a region in the Canadian province of Alberta. It completely surrounds the Edmonton Capital Region. Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy make up an important part of the economy.
The North Saskatchewan River flows through the region. The Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park is also located in the region.
Beylagan District

Beylagan (Beyl@qan) is a raion of Azerbaijan. The capital city is Beylagan.
Grand Central (train operating company)

Grand Central Railway Company Ltd is a privately-owned train operating company running services under the name Grand Central within the United Kingdom.
Kabardian language

Kabardian is a Northwest Caucasian language. About 590,000 people speak Kabardian. Kabardian is closely related to Adyghe.
Bais, Mayenne

Bais is a commune of 1487 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Leo Max Frank

Leo Max Frank (April 17, 1884-August 17, 1917) was a Jewish American industrialist. He was superintendent at a pencil factory in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of the rape and murder of Mary Anne Phagan, an employee at the factory.
The attorney who prosecuted Frank was Hugh Dorsey. Dorsey was related to Luther Rosser, who was Frank's defense attorney.
The main prosecution witness against Frank was James Conley. Conley was a janitor. He said that Frank asked him to help cover up the murder. Frank and his defense attorneys said that Conley was the real murderer. Before that there had been other suspects in the murder, including James Gantt, a former employee fired by Frank for theft, Arthur Mullinax, who witnesses said they saw with Mary the night of her alleged murder and Paul Bowen, who was arrested at a hotel because a woman said that she heard him confess to the murder but was released for lack of evidence.
Frank was convicted of the murder and sentenced to death. Governor John Slaton reduced the sentence to life in prison upon reviewing the evidence. Relatives of Phagan kidnapped Frank from prison and lynched him in 1917. In Atlanta, Frank was president of B'Nai Brith, a quasi-Masonic fraternity for Jews. His case led to the founding of the Anti Defamation League.
Megan Rapinoe

Megan Anna Rapinoe (; born July 5, 1985) is an American professional soccer player. She plays for and captains Reign FC in the National Women's Soccer League, as a midfielder and winger.
Rapinoe is a member of the United States women's national soccer team, she helped the U.S. win the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, and the gold at the 2012 London Olympics.
She is openly a lesbian.
Earl G. Graves Sr.

Earl Gilbert Graves Sr. (January 9, 1935 - April 6, 2020) was an American businessman, publisher and philanthropist. He was an advocate of African-American businesses. He was the founder of Black Enterprise magazine and chairman of the media company Earl G. Graves, Ltd. He was the director for Aetna and an Executive Board member of the Boy Scouts of America. He was the father of Earl G. Graves Jr.
Graves was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He grew up in Brooklyn's Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood. Graves died on April 6, 2020 due to Alzheimer's disease in White Plains, New York. He was 85.
Volbeat

Volbeat is an Danish heavy metal band from Copenhagen. Volbeat formed in 2001 when singer Michael Poulsen formed a death metal band called Dominus. He became tired of the death metal genre and left the band. He then formed a new band called Volbeat with other members of Dominus.
Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus is a genus of bacteria. Most Lactobacillus species are non-spore-forming and ferment glucose into lactose. This genus also contains several bacteria that make up part of the natural flora of the human vagina.
They are really helpful in the gut. It is a rod-shaped non-spore forming bacteria. It can be found in foods like yogurt.
Lois Stratton

Lois Jane Stratton (January 5, 1927 - September 11, 2020) was an American politician. She was a member of the Washington House of Representatives from 1979 to 1985. She also was in the Washington State Senate from 1985 to 1993. Stratton was a member of the Democratic Party. She was born in Springdale, Washington.
In 1983, she unsuccessfully ran for Mayor of Spokane, Washington. She was member of the Spokane Tribe. Stratton was the first female enrolled tribal member in the Washington State Legislature.
Stratton died on September 11, 2020 in Spokane at the age of 93.
14 BC

Year 14 BC was either a common year starting on Thursday or Friday or a leap year starting on Wednesday, Thursday or Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crassus and Lentulus.
2021 Nagaland killings

On 4 December 2021, a unit of 21 Para Special Forces, the special forces unit, killed six civilians near the Oting village of the Mon district in Nagaland, India.
Eight more civilians and a soldier were killed afterwards. The killings were criticized with many wanting the Armed Forces Special Powers Act removed.
Glenn Highway

The Glenn Highway is a highway in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is 179 miles (288 kilometres) long. it is between Anchorage and Glennallen on the Richardson Highway. The Tok Cut-off is often considered a part of the highway.
History
The highway was named for Captain Edwin Glenn, who was a leader in the U.S Army. The highway originated from the Palmer Road in the 1930s.
Seabrook, New Hampshire

Seabrook is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States.
National Liberation Front of Angola

The National Front for the Liberation of Angola , also known as National Liberation Front of Angola is a political party and former guerrilla organisation founded by Holden Roberto. FNLA fought in the Angolan War of Independence from Estado Novo and also fought alongside UNITA in the Angolan Civil War.
Foundation
FNLA was founded in 1954 as the Uniao dos Povos do Norte de Angola guerrilla movement, it was known after 1959 as the Uniao dos Povos de Angola guerrilla movement, and from 1961 as the FNLA guerilla movement.
Elections
In 1992, the FNLA was reorganized as a political party. The FNLA received 2.4% of the votes and had five Members of Parliament elected. In the 2008 parliamentary election, the FNLA received 1.11% of the vote and won three out of 220 seats.
Eric Brewer

Eric Peter Brewer (born April 17, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played for the Anaheim Ducks, Toronto Maple Leafs, Tampa Bay Lightning, St. Louis Blues, Edmonton Oilers, New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also won a gold medal with Team Canada at the 2002 Winter Olympics.
Career
Before playing in the NHL, Brewer played 3 seasons in the Western Hockey League with the Prince George Cougars. He was drafted with the 5th overall pick by the New York Islanders in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Islanders on October 10, 1998 in a game against the Pittsburgh Penguins. He scored his first NHL career goal on November 5, 1998 against Trevor Kidd of the Carolina Hurricanes.
He was traded along with Josh Green and their second round selection (Brad Winchester) at the 2000 NHL Entry Draft to the Edmonton Oilers for Roman Hamrlik. Brewer played 2 seasons with the Oilers and 1 season with their American Hockey League affiliate Lowell Lock Monsters.
After the 2004-05 NHL lockout, Brewer was traded along with Jeff Woywitka and Doug Lynch to the St. Louis Blues for Chris Pronger. Brewer would play 6 seasons with the Blues and was traded to Tampa Bay Lightning for Brock Beukeboom and a third round selection in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. He signed a four year, $15.4-million contract extension with the Lightning on June 24, 2011.
On November 28, 2014, the Lightning traded him to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for a third-round pick in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft.
Branch (disambiguation)

A branch is a part of a tree.
Branch or branching could also mean:
Computing
Branch (computer science), a point in a computer program where program-flow may change depending on a condition.
Branch predictor, the part of a processor that determines whether a conditional branch in the instruction flow of a program is likely to be taken or not.
Branch table, a term used to describe an efficient method of transferring program control (branching) to another part of a program using a table of branch instructions.
Indirect branch, a type of program control instruction.
Branching (software), a way of duplicating an object under revision control.
Geography
Branch, Arkansas, United States
Branch, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Mathematics
Branch (graph theory), a concept in mathematical logic
Branch point, a point at which a multiple-valued function changes values
Principal branch, a function which selects one branch of a multi-valued function
Religion
Branch (Christ), the Branch Davidian new name of Christ
Branch (Latter Day Saints), the Latter Day Saints equivalent of a congregation
Other
Arthur Branch, a fictional character on the TV crime drama Law & Order
Branch (academia), an academic sub-discipline
Branch (banking), a retail location.
Branch (business), a franchise location.
1609

Events
September 2-Henry Hudson enters New York Bay
Lake Champlain was named for the French explorer Samuel de Champlain.
Sean Grande

Sean Grande is a sportscaster. He is the radio voice of the Boston Celtics. Grande's other jobs include these:
WEEI-TV sports anchor/sports director
Minnesota Lynx play-by-play
Connecticut Sun play-by-play
Tennis on ESPN play-by-play
Providence Bruins play-by-play
Harvard Crimson basketball play-by-play
ESPN Major League Soccer play-by-play
1998 NCAA Hockey Selection Show Host
NHL Radio Studio Host
Sports Tonight Host
Boston Terriers football, basketball, and hockey play-by-play
Boston College Eagles football and hockey play-by-play
College Hockey on FSN play-by-play
Minnesota Timberwolves play-by-play
College Hockey on CBS Radio lead play-by-play
College Football on ABC play-by-play
Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar College

Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar College is a constituent college of the University of Delhi. It was established on 8 February 1991 during the birth centenary year of B. R. Ambedkar. It is sponsored by central Government to cater to the needs of higher education in trans-Yamuna area of Delhi. It is a co-educational institution.
Courses
The college launched four professional courses in the university, namely, BA (Hons) Business Economics, BA (Hons) Social Work, BA (Hons) Hindi Journalism and Mass Communication, and BA (Hons) Applied Psychology. The prominent academic programs include B.Com & B.Com (Hons.), B.A. (Hons.) Geography, B.A. (Hons.) History and B.A. (Programme).
The Replacements (band)

The Replacements were an American rock band. They began in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1979, and are best known for being early pioneers of alternative rock.
Live performances
The Replacements became popular locally after playing live for the first time. This was because of Tommy Stinson's young age. He was still 13. He had learned to play bass guitar at 11 . Early shows were good but soon because impossible to control. The band became known for their rowdy, angry, and often drunken live shows. They often came up on stage too intoxicated to play.
Quantum chromodynamics

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons. These are the fundamental particles that make up hadrons such as the proton, neutron and pion. It shows the interactions inside subatomic particles.
Dave Gahan

Dave Gahan (; born David Callcott; 9 May 1962) is an English singer-songwriter. He is best known as the lead singer of the New wave band Depeche Mode. Gahan has been the singer for the band since it started in 1980. Q magazine listed him at No. 73 on its list of the "100 Greatest Singers". He was No. 27 on its list of "The 100 Greatest Frontmen". Gahan is known for his "commanding presence on stage" and his "huge, deep baritone voice". In 2020, Gahan was made a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Depeche Mode.
Although Martin Gore is the main songwriter for Depeche Mode, Gahan has written many songs to the albums Playing the Angel (2005), Sounds of the Universe (2009), Delta Machine (2013), Spirit (2017) and Memento Mori (2023). He wrote four songs that were released as singles. These were "Suffer Well" in 2005, "Hole to Feed" in 2009, "Should Be Higher" in 2013 and "Cover Me" in 2017.
Gahan's albums as a solo artist are Paper Monsters (released 2003) and Hourglass (2007). He also wrote lyrics for some songs on the Soulsavers albums The Light the Dead See (2012), Angels & Ghosts (2015) and Imposter (2021).
Zacatecas

Zacatecas is a state in central Mexico. About 1,360,000 people live there. The capital is also called Zacatecas.
Fabián Alarcón

Fabian Ernesto Alarcon Rivera (born April 14, 1947) was President of Ecuador from 6 February 1997 to 9 February 1997 and from February 11, 1997 to August 10, 1998.
Alarcon was born in Quito. He was head of the Congress from 1991 to 1992 and then again from August 1995 to February 1997, when he was made acting president due to the impeachment of President Abdala Bucaram.
Christophoros (Rakintzakis)

Bishop Christophoros (Rakintzakis) (), born George Rakintzakis (May 1, 1931 - February 14, 2020) H.B.A., B.Div., B.Ed., M.A., was the Bishop of Andida and Vicar-Bishop of the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Toronto (Canada) under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople from 1999 to 2017.
He was also the first Dean of the Toronto Orthodox Theological Academy from October 1997 through to June 2006. He officially retired in 2017. In addition he was a brother of the historic Hosios Loukas monastery in Boeotia, Greece. He was born in Athens, Greece.
Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance

Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance is a 2011 American superhero horror movie and a sequel to 2007's Ghost Rider, with Nicolas Cage returning.
Fredrik Thordendal

Fredrik Thordendal (born 11 February 1970) is a Swedish guitarist. He is best known for being the guitarist for extreme metal band Meshuggah. Along with other Meshuggah guitarist Marten Hagstrom, Thordendal was called one of the 100 best guitarists of all time by Guitar World. He was one of the people who made Meshuggah.
Villefranche-de-Lauragais

Villefranche-de-Lauragais is a commune of 4,662 people (2018). It is in Occitanie in the Haute-Garonne department in southwest France.
Bodhicitta

In Buddhist thought, bodhicitta is the motivation of a bodhisattva. The word bodhicitta combines the words for enlightenment (Bodhi) and mind (Citta). It is sometimes translated as mind of enlightenment.
Bodhicitta is taught to be the intent to become enlightened, not for oneself, but for the benefit of all beings.
North Kingstown, Rhode Island

North Kingstown is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. It is part of the Providence metropolitan area. The population was 27,732 in the 2020 census.
Austrian School

The Austrian School is a way of thinking about economics. It is based on the actions of the individual person. It started in late 19th and early 20th century Vienna, Austria. It is referred to as Austrian economics, because the primary economists were Austrian although its followers are from all over the world today.
Followers of the Austrian school criticize central planning, government price controls and other state regulations. They say that it is impossible for government institutions to make comparatively better decisions about production or the prices of goods and services because they do not have the knowledge or flexibility that millions of individual consumers have. Followers of the Austrian school also criticize government inflation of the money supply.
Constantine (movie)

Constantine is a 2005 American superhero horror movie starring Keanu Reeves and Rachel Weisz. It is based on a comic book series called Hellblazer.
The main character, John Constantine, fights demons.
United States Lines

United States Lines was the trading name of the United States Shipping Board (USSB) and the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC), which operated from 1921 to 1991.
She was known for having among her fleet, the SS Leviathan, which for a time held the title of the World Largest Passenger Ship until the launch of the Queen Mary in 1934, the SS America (which ran aground and sank off Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands) and the SS United States, which currently holds the title of the Fastest Passenger Ship in history on the Transatlantic Route, with a speed of 38.32 Knots, the United States is currently anchored on the Delaware River at Pier 82 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Gripen Trollhättan BK

Gripen Trollhattan BK is a bandy club in Trollhattan, Sweden. The club was formed in 1936. The club was originally called Gripens BK, before changing name in 1988. The men's team played in the Swedish first division the seasons of 1973/1974, 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2004/2005. During the 2006/2007 season, the club managed to reach the top division again, where the club played during the 2007/2008. Their home ground is Slattbergshallen.
Manipur

Manipur () is a state within the Republic of India. It has area of 22,347 km2 (8,628 mi2). In traditional Indian geography it falls under the North-east Indian zone.
The state is bordered by the Indian states of Nagaland to its north, Mizoram to its south and Assam to its west. Its eastern border is the Indian border with Myanmar. Manipur has a long recorded written history of kings ascended in the main throne of Kangla. The list of these kings can be found in a chronicle known as Cheitharol Kumbaba. Cheitharol Kumbaba, also spelled Cheitharon Kumpapa, is the court chronicle of the kings of Manipur. It recorded the history of the Kingdom of Manipur from the founding of the Ningthouja dynasty in 33 CE under king Nongda Lairen Pakhangba until the merger of the kingdom with India in 1949 and the subsequent abolition of monarchy. It ends with the last king of Manipur, Bodhchandra. The Cheitharol Kumbaba is probably one of the oldest chronicles of the region and is written on more than 1000 leaves of Meetei paper in Meetei Mayek, an early Meitei script.
Impact of climate change on marine ecosystems

Marine ecosystems, including oceans, coral reefs, and marine life, play a vital role in our planet's health. However, the effects of global climate change pose significant threats to these delicate environments. This article explores how climate change impacts marine ecosystems, relying on credible sources such as scientific research, international organizations, and trusted news reports.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Ocean Impact
Climate change leads to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO2). Much of these emissions are absorbed by the oceans, resulting in a process known as ocean acidification. This change in acidity levels can harm coral reefs, mollusks, and other marine life sensitive to pH alterations.
Rising Temperatures and Sea Level
Changing climate also affects water temperatures and sea levels. Warming oceans can cause shifts in marine habitats and trigger the migration of species. Rising sea levels pose a serious threat to coastal ecosystems and populations worldwide.
Conservation Efforts and Marine Ecosystem Preservation
In response to these challenges, governments and global organizations are implementing strategies to conserve marine ecosystems. Efforts include reducing greenhouse gas emissions and implementing measures to protect ocean health.
Insights from Experts and Studies
Reputable studies and reports extensively highlight the consequences of climate change on marine ecosystems. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discuss how electric vehicles produce fewer emissions compared to traditional vehicles. However, their impact depends on the environmental cleanliness of the electricity grid. Additionally, credible news sources discuss how automakers and governments are addressing environmental concerns related to electric vehicle battery production.
Villefranche-de-Rouergue

Villefranche-de-Rouergue () is a commune in southern France in the Aveyron department, in the region of Occitanie. It is the sous-prefecture (capital) of the arrondissement of the same name in the Aveyron department.
History
In 1252, Alphonse de Poitiers, Count of Toulouse, sent Jean d'Arcis, Seneschal of Rouergue, to build a city along the Aveyron as a new capital for Rouergue (an old French province): Villefranche-de-Rouergue. From 1369 to the French Revolution, Villefranche-de-Rouergue was the capital of Rouergue.
Geography
Villefranche-de-Rouergue is in the valley of the Aveyron river along the line that separates the Causses (limestone plateaus) from the Segala geographical region.
There are mines of copper, lead, tin, iron and silver.
The Alzou river joins in the city, as a right tributary, the Aveyron river.
Villefranche-de-Rouergue has an area of , and its average altitude in the city is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
Villefranche-de-Rouergue is surrounded by the communes Saint-Remy, Maleville, La Bastide-l'Eveque, Morlhon-le-Haut, Sanvensa, La Rouquette, Savignac and Toulonjac.
Climate
The climate of Villefranche-de-Rouergue, in the Koppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Villefranche-de-Rouergue are known, in French, as Villefranchois (women: Villefranchoises).
With a population of 11,822, Villefranche-de-Rouergue has a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Villefranche-de-Rouergue
Villefranche-de-Rouergue forms with Toulonjac the urban area of Villefranche-de-Rouergue with a population of 12,644 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Villefranche-de-Rouergue, formed by 16 communes with a population of 20,180 inhabitants and an area of .
Administration
Villefranche-de-Rouergue is a subprefecture of the Aveyron department, the capital of the arrondissement of Villefranche-de-Rouergue and the administrative centre () of the canton of Villefranche-de-Rouergue, with 13,282 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Le Grand Villefranchois ().
Strange People (1969 movie)

Strange People () is a 1969 Soviet drama movie directed by Vasily Shukshin. It stars Vsevolod Sanayev, Panteleymon Krymov, and Sergei Nikonenko.
Martin Freeman

Martin John Christopher Freeman (born 8 September 1971) is an English actor. His most famous roles include Tim Canterbury in The Office, John in Love Actually, Arthur Dent in the film adaptation of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, Dr. Watson in Sherlock, and Paul Maddens in Nativity! He played the role of Bilbo Baggins in Peter Jackson's three-part adaptation of The Hobbit.
Early life
Freeman was born in Aldershot, Hampshire. He went to Salesian School.
Battle of Garfagnana

The Battle of Garfagnana () was known to the Germans as Operation Winter Storm (Unternehmen Wintergewitter) and nicknamed the "Christmas Offensive" (Italian: Offensiva di Natale).
It was an attack of Axis forces on the western sector of the Gothic Line during World War II. It happened in December 1944 in the north Tuscan Apennines, near Massa and Lucca.
In late December 1944 the German 14th Army under General Kurt von Tippelskirch attacked the left side of the U.S. Fifth Army in the Serchio valley. He wanted to make the U.S. forces stay there.
The Allies had ordered two brigades from Indian 8th Infantry Division to be moved to help the U.S. 92nd Infantry Division. By the time they had arrived the Germans and Italians had captured Barga. U.S. soldiers had intended to retreat to Lucca. The German / Italian force stopped the attack and withdrew.
Barga was recaptured one week later by the New Year. The western Gothic Line remained in place until late March 1945.
Historical background
Benito Mussolini and his Defense Minister, Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, wanted to create an Italian Army. They did not want this army to be under German control. They wanted some of the newly created Italian Divisions to attack the Allies in the Italian peninsula.
They planned an attack in Garfagnana for two of their new Divisions. There would be 40,000 men and airplanes. Their goal was recapturing Lucca, Pisa and Livorno in Tuscany from the Allies. But the Italians lacked arms, tanks and airplanes.
The Germans created their own attack,
With 9,000 soldiers (mostly Italians), they attacked in Garfagnana a small area of the Gothic Line. They wanted to move the Allies back .
Groups from the U.S. 92nd Infantry Division moved near Garfagnana sector in November 1944. They did not
capture Castelnuovo di Garfagnana.
The battle
Following the Ardennes Offensive in mid-December, the Allies thought the Axis might try an attack in Northern Italy.
The 19th and 21st Brigades of the Indian 8th Infantry Division were moved to help the U.S. 92nd Infantry Division in front of Lucca.
On 26 December, several RSI military did the "Operation Winter Storm" (Wintergewitter) attacks with three German battalions. This was a German and Italian attack against the American 92nd Infantry Division. A total of 9,100 Axis troops (of which 66% were Italians), with 100 artillery pieces but no tanks attacked. There were 18,000 Allied troops with 140 artillery batteries and 120 tanks.
Their goal was to capture the small towns of Barga, Sommocolonia, Vergemoli, Treppignana, Coreglia, Fornaci di Barga, Promiana, Castelvecchio and Calomini. These were all north-west of Lucca. By 27 December the attack was over. In the morning, the German troops entered Pian di Coreglia.
The next morning, the Axis troops occupied Piano di Coreglia. The Axis troops got more than 25 kilometres inside the Allies lines.
Alna, Maine

Alna is a town in Lincoln County, Maine, United States.
Popocatépetl

Popocatepetl (also called El popo or Don Goyo) is an active volcano. The volcano is the second highest mountain in Mexico after Pico de Orizaba (5,610m). It is high .
History
Popocatepetl is the Aztec word for "Smoking Mountain". Popocatepetl was an Aztec warrior who loved Iztaccihuatl. Iztaccihuatl's father sent Popocatepetl to war in Oaxaca. He promised him his daughter as his wife if he returned (which Iztaccihuatl's father thought he would not). Iztaccihuatl's father told her that her lover had died in battle. She died of sadness. When Popocatepetl returned, and found out about the death of his lover, he killed himself by stabbing a knife into his heart. The gods covered them with snow and changed them into mountains. Iztaccihuatl's mountain was called "La Mujer Dormida, (the "Sleeping Woman"), because it looks like a woman sleeping on her back. Popocatepetl became the volcano Popocatepetl, raining fire on Earth in anger at the loss of his lover.
Eruptions
Popocatepetl has had more than 20 big eruptions since the arrival of the Spanish in 1519. A major eruption happened in 1947. On December 21, 1994 the volcano threw out gas and ash which was carried as far as 25 km away by the wind. This led to people having to leave nearby towns. Scientists began to check the volcano for an eruption.The way scientists checked the volcano was by implementing 10 composite monitoring stations around the volcano, including broadband seismometers, thermal surveillance cameras, tiltmeters, electronic distance meters, lahar acoustic detectors and other instruments. In December 2000, tens of thousands of people were made to leave the area by the government based on the warnings of scientists. The volcano then made its largest display in thousands of years. The most recent eruption which was this year didn't have any injuries. Since it was so near Mexico City so many cameras were recording this eruption. Officials recorded that the eruption had a column of smoke that went as high as 2 miles into the air, with moderate ash content.
Willie Toweel

Willie Michael Toweel (6 April 1934 - 25 December 2017) was a South African boxer. He won the bronze medal in the flyweight division (- 51 kg) at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He was born in Benoni, Gauteng. He retired in 1960. His partner,Emile Griffith went on to win the Welterweight and Middleweight championships of the world.
As an Amateur, Toweel had won Junior and Senior South African Titles and won a bronze medal at the 1952 Olympic Games.
Toweel died on 25 December 2017 in Cape Town of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 83.
Maxime Verhagen

Maxime Jacques Marcel Verhagen (born 14 September 1956, Maastricht) is a former Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).
Verhagen studied history at Leiden University.
He was a member of the municipal council of Oegstgeest from 1989 to 1990, a member of the European Parliament from 1989 to 1994, a member of the House of Representatives from 1994 to 2007 and in 2010, and also parliamentary leader from 2002 to 2006 and in 2010.
From 2007 to 2010, he was foreign minister, in the Fourth Balkenende cabinet. He also was development cooperation minister in the same cabinet in 2010. From 2010 to 2012, he was both economics and agriculture minister, and deputy prime minister in the First Rutte cabinet.
Verhagen was leading the CDA from 2010 to 2012.
Since July 2013 he has been chairing Bouwend Nederland.
Maxime Verhagen is married with three children, and a member of the Catholic Church. He lives in Voorburg (province of South Holland).
Yuga

This article is about the Yugas in Hinduism. For the Indian meditation exercise, go to Yoga.
Hindus believe that there are periods of time called yugas ("ages" or "eras"): Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga. When Kali Yuga ends, a new Satya Yuga begins.
Satya Yuga (also called Krita Yuga) is the first age, which lasts for 1,728,000 years. It is "the age of truth" or "Golden Age", when all humans are good and very religious. They are ruled by gods and live for many centuries.
Treta Yuga is the second age, which lasts for 1,296,000 years. During the last Treta Yuga, god Vishnu's avatars Vamana, Parashurama, and Ramachandra were born. The Indian epic legend Ramayana is set in that period.
Dvapara Yuga is the third age, which lasts for 864,000 years, when humans are still religious but their lives are much shorter. The last Dvapara Yuga ended with the death of Krishna and Mahabharata is set in its final years.
Kali Yuga is the fourth and final age, which lasts for 432,000 years. It is the "dark age" when humans lose their spirituality and are abandoned by gods. Hindus believe that we currently live in a Kali Yuga.
Domenico Ghirlandaio

Domenico di Tommaso Curradi di Doffo Bigordi (, , ; 2 June 1448 - 11 January 1494), professionally known as Domenico Ghirlandaio, also spelled as Ghirlandajo, was an Italian painter. He painted during the Renaissance (about 1400-1600) in Florence. He was an important painter in the time of the Renaissance. In about 1480, he became the official portrait artist for wealthy people in Florence.
Domenico had a large painting workshop. His brothers David Ghirlandaio and Benedetto Ghirlandaio and his brother-in-law Sebastiano Mainardi worked with him. His son Ridolfo Ghirlandaio also was a painter.
Michelangelo Buonarroti was his most famous apprentice. He started learning in Domenico's workshop at age 13.
Biography
Ghirlandaio died in 1494 of an contagious fever and was buried in Santa Maria Novella. The day and month of his birth and death are not known, but he died in early January of his forty-fifth year. He had been married two times and had six children. One of his three sons, Ridolfo Ghirlandaio, also became a noted painter in Florence.
Awake (movie)

Awake is a 2007 American crime thriller movie. It was written and directed by Joby Harold. It stars Hayden Christensen, Jessica Alba, Lena Olin, and Terrence Howard. The movie was rated R by the MPAA for language, an intense disturbing situation, and brief drug use.
The movie was released in the United States and Canada on November 30, 2007.
Neville McNamara

Air Chief Marshal Sir Neville Patrick McNamara, (17 April 1923 - 7 May 2014) was an Australian war veteran. He was the senior commander of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). He served as the RAAF's highest-ranking position, Chief of the Air Staff (CAS), from 1979 until 1982. He was also Chief of the Defence Force Staff (CDFS), Australia's top military role at the time, from 1982 until 1984.
McNamara was born in Toogoolawah, Queensland.
McNamara died on 7 May 2014 in Jervis Bay, New South Wales, aged 91. His wife and two daughters outlived him.
Sam Oji

Samuel Udoka Oji (9 October 1985 - 28 August 2021) was an English professional footballer who played as a centre back. Oji was born in City of Westminster, England.
Oji played in the Football League for Doncaster Rovers, Bristol Rovers, Leyton Orient and Hereford United. He later played for Tamworth of the Conference Premier.
He then played in the League of Ireland for Limerick and Galway United. Oji joined Highgate United in 2018, and was made assistant manager of that club in July 2021.
Oji died on 28 August 2021 of an illness at the age of 35.
Cairo (disambiguation)

Cairo is the capital city of Egypt.
Morgan Mcdowall

Morgan Mcdowall (born 29 March 2002) is a New Zealand water polo player. She competed for the New Zealand women's national water polo team in the 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
Frequency modulation

In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation transmits information over a carrier wave by varying the frequency. This technique is different from amplitude modulation which varies the amplitude, but keeps the frequency constant. This kind of modulation is used in broadcasting and other radio work.
In the context of broadcasting, Frequency modulation is often shortened to FM. When transmitting analogue sound, the sound quality of FM signals is better than that of amplitude modulation (AM) signals. However, FM signals do not travel as far as AM beause they use higher frequencies that do not bounce off the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
Many radio stations send out both kinds of signals. AM may be used for talk shows, and FM for music. FM broadcasting usually includes a difference signal, which can cause two different speakers at home to create different sounds. This creates stereo sound.
Celina Seghi

Celina Seghi (6 March 1920 - 27 July 2022) was an Italian alpine skier. She was born in Abetone, Italy. She competed in the 1948 and 1952 Winter Olympics, finishing in fourth place both times.
Seghi turned 100 in March 2020. She died on 27 July 2022 in Pistoia, Italy at the age of 102.
I, the Jury (1982 movie)

I, the Jury is a 1982 American crime drama movie directed by Richard T. Heffron and is the second adaption of the 1947 novel of the same name by Mickey Spillane. It stars Armand Assante, Barbara Carrera, Laurene Landon, Alan King, Geoffrey Lewis, Judson Scott, Paul Sorvino and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.