kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Tipu's Tiger

Tipu's Tiger (a.k.a. Tippoo's Tiger) is an 18th century moving model, musical instrument and an art object. It was made for Tipu, the ruler of Mysore in India. It shows a tiger killing a European soldier. It is in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.
Description
It was made for Tipu Sultan of Mysore in about 1795. Tipu Sultan used the tiger as his emblem, The tiger was a symbol of power but it was also a symbol of royalty in India. Tipu was quoted as saying he would rather live two days as a tiger than 100 years as a sheep.
The turning of a handle powers mechanisms inside the model. Air is sent through a pipe that makes sound, like the cries of the victim. The pitch of the 'wail pipe' changes as the man's arm moves. Inside the tiger's head air is pushed through two pipes to make a tiger's roar. The ivory keyboard which operates an organ is hidden.
The type of brass shows it was made in India, but it may have been made by one of the Frenchman in Tipu's court. Some historians to suggest there was French input into the mechanism of this automaton.
The design is inspired by the death of Hugh Munro, son of General Sir Hector Munro, who had defeated Tipu in battle. Munro was killed by a tiger in 1792 on Saugor Island.< Tipu saw this as a sign because he was called the "Tiger".
The model was obtained when the British captured Tipu's capital and killed him in 1799. Richard Wellesley wrote:
"In a room appropriated for musical instruments was found an article which merits particular notice, as another proof of the deep hate, and extreme loathing of Tippoo Saib towards the English. This piece of mechanism represents a royal Tyger in the act of devouring a prostrate European. There are some barrels in imitation of an Organ, within the body of the Tyger. The sounds produced by the Organ are intended to resemble the cries of a person in distress intermixed with the roar of a Tyger. The machinery is so contrived that while the Organ is playing, the hand of the European is often lifted up, to express his helpless and deplorable condition. The whole of this design was executed by Order of Tippoo Sultaun. It is imagined that this memorial of the arrogance and barbarous cruelty of Tippoo Sultan may be thought deserving of a place in the Tower of London."
The East India Company decided not to give the Tiger to the Queen, but to keep it. It was displayed in the East India Company Museum in Leadenhall Street, London in 1808. The poet John Keats saw it there and included it in his satirical verse, "The Cap and Bells". In the poem, a Soothsayer visits the court of the Emperor Elfinan. He hears a strange noise and thinks the Emperor is snoring.
Replied the page: "that little buzzing noise....
Comes from a play-thing of the Emperor's choice,
From a Man-Tiger-Organ, prettiest of his toys''''
Today
It is in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Visitors can no longer operate the mechanism. A small model of this tiger is in Tipu Sultan's wooden palace in Bengaluru.
COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain

The COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). , there are 266,426 confirmed cases, with 1,360 deaths, and 262,814 recoveries in Bahrain.
The first case in Bahrain was confirmed on 21 February 2020, a school bus driver who came from Iran via Dubai.
Lionel Heinrich

Lionel Grant Heinrich (April 20, 1934 - April 21, 2014) was a professional ice hockey player who played 35 games in the National Hockey League. He played with the Boston Bruins.
Nora Marks Dauenhauer

Nora Marks Dauenhauer (May 8, 1927 - September 25, 2017) was an American Tlingit poet, short-story writer, and Tlingit language scholar from Alaska. She won an American Book Award for Russians in Tlingit America: The Battles of Sitka, 1802 And 1804. She was born in Yakutat, Alaska.
Dauenhauer died at her home in Juneau, Alaska on September 25, 2017 at the age of 90.
Luca Signorelli

Luca Signorelli (probably born in 1441 or 1445, died 16 October 1523 in Corona, Italy) was an Italian painter. He was also called Luca d'Egidio di Ventura and Luca da Cortona. He is one of the most important painters of the Renaissance in Italy. He was good at painting perspective. One of the techniques he used is called foreshortening - with it a distance appears shorter than it actually is, because the object painted is shown at an angle. From 1499 to 1503, he painted a series of frescoes in Orvieto Cathedral, called the Last Judgement. This is what he is remembered for most.
Jean-Pierre Melville

Jean-Pierre Melville (; born Jean-Pierre Grumbach; 20 October 1917 - 2 August 1973) was a French filmmaker and actor.
He became well known for his noir movies, such as Le Doulos (1962), Le Samourai (1967) and Le Cercle rouge (1970).
Plauen

Plauen is the biggest city of the Vogtlandkreis in the southwest of Saxony. It is the fifth-largest city in the state. Only Leipzig, Dresden, Chemnitz and Zwickau are larger.
Plauen was a Kreisfreie stadt until July 2008. Since 1. August 2008 Plauen ist Part of the Vogtlandkreis.
The nearest large cities are Zwickau, about northeast and Gera, about north of Plauen.
History
Plauen was already settled in the Bronze Age, but the first written record of the city was in 1122, when the oldest church (named Johanniskirche) was build. About 1224 Plauen has get the Town privileges. 1632 a big part of the city was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War. Since about 1830 Plauen grow because of the textile-industry. In the Second World Warabout three quarters of the city was destroyed by the United States Army Air Force and the Royal Air Force.
1989 Plauen was the first city in the German Democratic Republic were happens a big demonstration against the Government. This leads to the Wende.
Population change
Plauen became a large city in 1904 when the population reached 100.000. In 1912 it reached its biggest ever population with 128.000.
After the Second World War Germany was divided. Plauen was in the border area. Laws about living in the border areas of East Germany meant the population fell greatly.
According to the statistics office of the Free State of Saxony, on 31 December 2009 Plauen's population was 66,412.
Binary form

Binary form (also know as AB Form or movement of continuity) is a type of form of music pieces. The word Binary means "in two parts." The word Form is a kind of guideline for composers when they write a piece of music. So, binary form means "An outline in two parts." A musical piece in binary form is a musical piece with two sections.
Binary form was popular in the Baroque times and was often used for movements in sonatas for keyboard instruments. Each part of a binary form piece of music are usually repeated.
Minuets
Binary form was most commonly used in the Baroque era for short dances called minuets. The minuet's two parts are usually labeled as "A" and "B." In the A section of a minuet, the exposition is stated. This section almost always is repeated a couple times. The beginning part of the B section develops a slightly new musical idea, usually going to the dominant key, to add variation. Then it returns to the "A" key at the end. Some famous composers of minuets include Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.
Jillian Bell

Jillian Leigh Bell (born April 25, 1984) is an American comedian, actress, and screenwriter. She is known for her role in Brittany Runs a Marathon. She starred as Jillian Belk on Workaholics and had a role as Dixie on the final season of Eastbound & Down, and appeared in 22 Jump Street and Fist Fight. Bell was born in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Jack Harris

Jack Harris (born September 18, 1941) is a broadcaster. He is the studio host for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers Radio Network and a play-by-play voice for the Tampa Bay Storm and the Outback Bowl. He started doing play-by-play for the South Florida Bulls men's basketball team as well as the Tampa Bay Rowdies. He was sports anchor at WTOG-TV and WFLA-TV where he was host of Pulse Plus! on WTVT-TV before WFLA-TV fired Harris.
Robert Neyland

Robert Reese Neyland (February 17, 1892 - March 28, 1962) was an American football coach. He also served in the United States Army and reached the rank of brigadier general. He is one of the few college football head coaches to coach the same school twice with a break in between the jobs. Neyland holds the record for most wins in University of Tennessee history with 173 wins in 216 games, six seasons without losing a game, nine regular seasons without losing a game, seven conference championships, and four national championships. At Tennessee, he has winning streaks of 33, 28, 23, 19, and 14 games.
Neyland is often referred to as one of the best, if not the best, defensive football coaches ever. Sports Illustrated named Neyland as the defensive coordinator of its all-century college football team in its "Best of the 20th Century" edition. In 112 of his wins, the other team did not score a point. In 1938 and 1939, Neyland's team set NCAA records when they did not allow a point in 17 straight games. His 1939 team is the last NCAA team in history to hold every regular season opponent scoreless.
Neyland Stadium at the University of Tennessee is not only named for "The General", but was designed by him. His plans included all expansions that have brought the stadium to its modern size with an over 100,000 seat capacity. Neyland was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1956.
Ally McBeal

Ally McBeal is an American TV show that was on air from September 8, 1997, to May 20, 2002, by the Fox Channel. It is set in a law firm in Boston, Massachusetts. Ally McBeal is also the name of the main character played by Calista Flockhart.
Jebsheim

Jebsheim is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Hiromitsu Horiike

is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|1994||rowspan="5"|Tokyo||rowspan="5"|Football League||30||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|1995||27||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||28||0
|-
|1996||26||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||27||0
|-
|1997||8||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|-
|1998||30||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Gas||J. League 2||16||0||0||0||4||0||20||0
|-
|2000||J. League 1||1||0||1||0||0||0||2||0
138||0||15||0||4||0||157||0
138||0||15||0||4||0||157||0
|}
Two Hands

Two Hands is a movie released on 29 July 1999. It was made in Australia by director Gregor Jordan. The movie was the debut for actor Heath Ledger. It won the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film in 1999. The movie was played at the Sundance Film Festival in the United States.
Province of Macerata

The Province of Macerata () is a province in the region of Marche in Italy. Its capital is the city of Macerata.
Geography
Macerata is the largest of provinces of the Marche, with an area of . The province is bordered to the east by the Adriatic Sea and to the west by the Umbria region (Province of Perugia). It is the only province of the Marche that borders with other three provinces of the same region: the Ancona to the north, Ascoli Piceno to the southwest and the Fermo to the south.
The main rivers in the province are:
Chienti, long
Potenza, long.
Population
There are 318,921 persons living in the province (1 January 2017), for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population
Municipalities
There are 55 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:
Apiro
Appignano
Belforte del Chienti
Bolognola
Caldarola
Camerino
Camporotondo di Fiastrone
Castelraimondo
Castelsantangelo sul Nera
Cessapalombo
Cingoli
Civitanova Marche
Colmurano
Corridonia
Esanatoglia
Fiastra
Fiuminata
Gagliole
Gualdo
Loro Piceno
Macerata
Matelica
Mogliano
Monte Cavallo
Monte San Giusto
Monte San Martino
Montecassiano
Montecosaro
Montefano
Montelupone
Morrovalle
Muccia
Penna San Giovanni
Petriolo
Pieve Torina
Pioraco
Poggio San Vicino
Pollenza
Porto Recanati
Potenza Picena
Recanati
Ripe San Ginesio
San Ginesio
San Severino Marche
Sant'Angelo in Pontano
Sarnano
Sefro
Serrapetrona
Serravalle di Chienti
Tolentino
Treia
Urbisaglia
Ussita
Valfornace
Visso
The largest comune is San Severino Marche, with and the smallest is Camporotondo di Fiastrone, with . The two Comune|comuni with fewest people living in it are Bolognola, with 137 inhabitants, and Monte Cavallo, with 133 inhabitants.
Main comuni
The following table shows the 10 comuni with more inhabitants with their population, and their area and altitude.
EMV

EMV is a standard protocol for credit cards and debit cards. Beforehand, such cards used a magnetic stripe to store information. This approach has two main problems: first, the amount of data that can be stored is relatively small. Such a card can store about 1024 Bits, or 128 bytes. The second problem is bigger: the data stored is not encrypted. Using a card with EMV technology, also called a "chip card" for the shiny, metallic "chip" on the front, can solve both problems: it can store much more data, and the data can be encrypted.
Payment cards that use chips have been in use since the early 1990s. Beforehand, each card issuer had their own protocol. With EMV, the protocol has been standardised. The first version of EMV was published in 1995, and there have been different versions since then. It was adopted in Europe before the United States, which required all new cards from 2015 on to have EMV chips.
How do EMV cards work?
Payments using EMV technology is often called "chip and PIN". This is because to use such a card to make a payment at a cash register or point-of-sale terminal, the card first needs to be inserted into a small machine called a "payment terminal" or "PIN pad", with the side where the chip is on facing up and towards the machine. Once the card is inserted, it is left there so that the terminal can read the data stored in the chip. The terminal will often ask the user to confirm the amount of the purchase or refund, choose the account in the case of a debit card, and will then require the user to enter a personal identification number (PIN). This number makes sure nobody other than the owner of the card can use it - if the wrong PIN is entered a certain number of times, the card is locked and cannot be used. Once the correct PIN is entered, the terminal will contact the bank to authorize the transaction. The bank will either "approve" (accept) the transaction, or "decline" (reject) it. Once this happens, the person removes his or her card from the terminal.
Hatirla Sevgili

Hatirla Sevgili is a Turkish television series. It aired from October 27, 2006 to June 6, 2008. Hatirla Sevgili broadcast on the television channel ATV.
It tells the story of the love between Yasemin and Ahmet, two young people from opposing families. It also tells the relationship between their relatives and friends in the political era starting at the end of the 1950s in Turkey. Real historical events are shown, beginning with Prime Minister Adnan Menderes' 1959 plane crash survival. This is followed by the 1960 military coup, the trial on Yassiada and the executions. These important events divided Turkish society afterwards.
Hatirla Sevgili became one of the most popular and most controversial TV series in Turkey. Some people did not like it because of the superficial coverage of some historical events. Books about the historical periods portrayed and people mentioned in the series became bestsellers for at least two weeks after the episodes about them were aired.
Cast
Family of Yasemin
Beren Saat - Yasemin Unsal, female lead
Engin Senkan - Riza Unsal, father to Yasemin, former barber, Democratic Party politician
Lale Mansur - Nezahat Unsal, mother to Yasemin
Ayfer Donmez - Isik Unsal, sister to Yasemin, marries Yasar
Turgay Aydin - Mehmet Karayel, brother to Nezahat and uncle to Yasemin and Isik, former Turkish Army officer during the 1960 Turkish coup d'etat and journalist, married to Sevim Gursoy
Berk Hakman - Deniz Karayel, Mehmet's son
Family of Ahmet
Cansel Elcin - Ahmet Gursoy, lover of Yasemin
Avni Yalcin - Sevket Gursoy, father to Ahmet and Defne, public prosecutor, deceased.
Ayda Aksel - Dr. Selma Gursoy, mother to Ahmet and Defne, physician
Belcim Erdogan - Defne Gursoy, sister of Ahmet
Lacin Ceylan - Sevim Gursoy, sister to Sevket and aunt to Ahmet and Defne, journalist, married to Mehmet Karayel
Asena Taskin - Ruya Gursoy, daughter to Ahmet and Yasemin
Family of Necdet
Okan Yalabik - Necdet Aygun, first husband of Yasemin, patisserie owner
Meltem Parlak - Lale Aygun, sister to Necdet
Erdogan Sicak - Hasan Aygun, father to Necdet and Lale, patisserie owner
Nurhayat Boz Yarpuz - Dilsad Aygun - Mother to Necdet and Lale
Historical figures
Huseyin Avni Danyal - Adnan Menderes, executed former Turkish prime minister
Serap Aksoy - Berin Menderes, wife of Adnan Menderes
Oguz Okul - Albay Tarik Guryay, colonel, commandant of Yassiada
Baris Kocak - Deniz Gezmis,leftist militant,executed
Saygin Soysal - Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Current Turkish prime minister
Ihsan Duduoglu - Necip Fazil, poet
Oguz Turgut Genc - Huseyin Inan, leftist militant,executed
Murat Zubi - Yusuf Aslan, leftist militant, executed
Erol Alpsoykan - Emin Kalafat - Former Democratic Party politician.
Paul Luzineau

Paul Luzineau, (born on December 31, 1996), is a Dutch model and male pageant titleholder. He was crowned Manhunt International 2020 in Manila, Philippines, He is the first Dutch to win the international male beauty pageant.
Manhunt International 2020
Luzineau was crowned Manhunt International 2020 in Manila, Philippines, making him the first Dutch to win the title of Manhunt International alongside with Nikos Antonopoulos (1st place) from Greece and Matheus Cruz Giora (2nd place) from Brazil. After Vicent Llorach Gonzalez, Manhunt International 2018.
Madder Lake (band)

Madder Lake is an Australian rock band. They started out in Melbourne in 1971. They released two studio albums - Stillpoint, and Butterfly Farm. And one compilation album (an album with songs from their other records) - The Best of Madder Lake. Their best known song is "12lb Toothbrush".
Genevieve

Saint Genevieve is a saint in Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox tradition. She is the patron saint of Paris. Her feast day is kept on January the 3rd.
In 451 she led a "prayer marathon" in Paris that was said to divert Attila's Huns away from the city. In 464 Childeric I besieged the city and conquered it. She negotiated to collect food and convinced Childeric to release his prisoners.
Clovis I founded an abbey where Genevieve could minister. She was later buried there. The church witnessed numerous miracles at her tomb. Genevieve was canonised.
Cherry Town

Cherry Town () is a 1962 Soviet movie directed by Herbert Rappaport. It stars Olga Zabotkina, Vladimir Vasilyev, and Marina Khotuntseva.
Johnny Mann

Johnny Mann (August 30, 1928 - June 18, 2014) was an American musical entertainer. He was an arranger, composer, conductor, and recording artist. He was the bandleader of The Johnny Mann Singers. He later worked with musicians such as Johnny Burnette, The Crickets and Eddie Cochran. He also worked a lot with Joey Bishop, such as working on his show. He a singer for Alvin and the Chipmunks. He was also a musical director for The Alvin Show, and voiced Theodore.
Mann was nominated for five Grammy Awards, winning two. He was signed with records such as Apex Records and Liberty Records.
Mann was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was married to actress Lori Nelson from 1960 to 1973. He was finally married to Betty Mann from 1983 until his death.
Mann died on June 18, 2014 in Anderson, South Carolina, aged 85.
Rothenbrunnen

Rothenbrunnen () is a municipality of the district of Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
Leva del Biberón

The "Leva del Biberon" (also known as the "Quinta del Biberon ", baby bottle in Spanish) was the name given to the levies of 1938 and 1939 throughout the territory that republican Spain still controlled during the last years of the Spanish civil war . Mobilized by order of the President of the Second Spanish Republic, Manuel Azana, at the end of April 1938. At that time, Franco's troops had attacked Lerida, Gandesa, Balaguer, Tremp and Camarasa and were taking control of the last points of republican resistance.
In total, some 30,000 young people were called up, coming from all over the national territory on the Republican side: Murcia, Catalonia, Old Castilla and Valencia, among others. They were under the command of Lluis Companys, among whom would be counted future personalities such as Jesus Blasco. First, they had to cover auxiliary tasks, but on July 25, 1938, they were already participating in the Republican offensive of the Battle of the Ebro, the vast majority being minors, reaching, some as children, only 14 years old.
It is believed that it received this name when Federica Montseny referred to all of them in this way: "Seventeen years old? but they still are sucking the baby bottle!".
They were in the bloody battles of Merengue and Baladredo, both at the Segre front during the so-called offensive of Catalonia. They also took part in the Battle of the Ebro and some were assigned to the Alpine battalion, in the Lleida Pyrenees .
After the war, very different fates ran. Some went into exile in France and ended up in the concentration camps of Argeles-Sur-Mer, Saint-Cyprien and Agda . Others, in the Francoist prisons and in the concentration camps of Vitoria and Miranda de Ebro and others went to battalions of workers distributed throughout Spain and did military service in Zaragoza, Barcelona and even in the Spanish Sahara. Another part of the young people was freed by the Franco regime in case of being captured since, as was normal throughout the conflict, most of the ideology of those called up was not reciprocal to the side that forced them to enlist under duress to a large extent. of the cases.
In 1983, some 307 survivors and 412 relatives founded the "Agrupacion de Supervivientes de la Leva del Biberon-41".
Red Dead Redemption 2

Red Dead Redemption 2 is an American
Western themed video game. It is part of the Red Dead series and a prequel to Red Dead Redemption.
It was released on October 26, 2018.
Perianth

The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower. It forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs.
It includes the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) when called a perigone.
The term perianth is got from the Greek peri (, "around") and anthos (, "flower"). Perigonium is got from peri () and gonos (, "seed, sex organs").
In the mosses and liverworts (Marchantiophyta), the perianth is the sterile tubelike tissue that surrounds the female reproductive structure (or developing sporophyte).
Maria José Batista de Sales

Maria Jose Batista de Sales is a retired handball player from Brazil. Maria competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She was born on 19 March 1969.
Martín Chambi

Martin Chambi Jimenez, (Puno, Peru November 5, 1891 - Cuzco, September 13, 1973) was a photographer who came from the south of Peru. He was also known as Martin Chambi de Coaza. He was the only well known indigenous Latin American photographer of his time.
He is considered one of the great figures of American photography.
Chambi is famous for the historic and social value of his photographs. He was a portrait photographer in the cities and the countryside of the Peruvian Andes. He was the leading portrait photographer in the Andean city of Cusco. Chambi also took many landscape photographs, and he sold these photographs as postcards. He was one of the first to use the postcard format in Peru.
In 1979, MOMA in New York had a Chambi exhibition. The exhibition later moved to various locations. It inspired other international exhibitions of his work.
Quotations
"It is wrong to focus too much on the testimonial (historical) value of his photos. They have that, indeed, but, in equal measure they express the milieu (society) in which he lived and they show (...) that when he was behind a camera, he became a giant, a true inventor, a force of invention, a recreator of life."
- Mario Vargas Llosa
"I've read that in Chile they think that the indigenous South American peoples have no culture, that they are not civilised, that they are intellectually and artistically inferior to European white peoples. The artworks are a graphic testament that is more eloquent than my own opinion, always. I hope that this testament will be examined fairly and objectively. I feel I am representing my race; my people will speak through the photographs."
- Martin Chambi, 1936
Early life
Martin Chambi was born in a poor Quechua family. He was born in one of the poorest parts of Peru, at the end of the nineteenth century. His father worked in a gold mine by the River Inambari. Martin sometimes went to work with his father too. He saw his first photographer there at the mine. Chambi learned the basic techniques from a photographer at the Santo Domingo Mine. This meeting fired his ambition.
Chambi tried to work as a professional photographer after this. He traveled to the city of Arequipa in 1908, where photography was more developed. Many professional photographers lived in Areqiupa. They had developed individual photographic styles and professional techniques.
Chambi was an apprentice in the studio of Max T. Vargas. After nine years he created his own studio in Sicuani in 1917. He published his first postcards in November 1917.
In 1923 he moved to Cusco and opened a studio there. In Cusco he photographed rich society people and poor indigenous people. During his career, Chambi also travelled all over the Andes. He photographed the landscapes, Inca ruins, and local people. Chambi was with the American explorer Hiram Bingham when Bingham "discovered" Machu Picchu, the great Inca monument.
Jean de Sismondi

Jean Charles Leonard de Sismondi (also known as Jean Charles Leonard Simonde de Sismondi) (; 9 May 1773 - 25 June 1842), was a Swiss historian and political economist.
Works
Sismondi is best known for his works on French and Italian history, and his economic ideas. His goals were to promote unemployment insurance, sickness benefits, a progressive tax, regulation of working hours, and a pension scheme. He was also the first to use the term proletariat to describe the working class created under capitalism.
Joanne Missingham

Joanne Missingham (; born 26 May 1994) is an Australian-born Taiwanese professional Go player.
Life
She gained media attention in 2011 when she held up a fan with "protest gender discrimination" in professional tournaments. She protested because she learned that female Go players were not paid fairly.
PerformanceInterview with Joanne Missingham
The following tables are the summary of her career.
A Safe Place

A Safe Place is a 1971 American drama movie. It was directed by Henry Jaglom. Actors include Orson Welles, Jack Nicholson, Tuesday Weld, Philip Proctor, and Francesca Hilton. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures. The movie did not make much money in ticket sales.
Hibernation

Hibernation is a time of inactivity. Some endothermic (warm-blooded) animals hibernate, usually during the winter, when food is short. They fall into a sleep-like state. They regulate their metabolism to consume less energy. They lower their body temperature, slow their breathing, and slow other vital functions. During hibernation, the body uses fat for energy, which the animal has gathered in summer and autumn. They hibernate from the end of autumn to the start of winter. Animals try and eat as much as they can to increase the fats in their body.
Mammals like bats, ground squirrels (like marmots), hedgehogs, marsupials and others hibernate.
The phases of sleeping (called torpor) are different for the different animals. Hedgehogs sleep for 1-3 weeks, without waking, The fat dormouse sleeps for 20-33 days, without waking. The winter sleep of bears is not as deep as hibernation.
Only mammals hibernate. However, a few birds including hummingbirds do something similar.
Roy Mason

Roy Mason, Baron Mason of Barnsley, PC (18 April 1924 - 20 April 2015), was a British Labour politician and former Cabinet minister. He was Secretary of State for Defence and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in the late 1970s.
Alex Smart

Alexander Smart (May 29, 1918 - April 18, 2005) was a Canadian ice hockey forward. He played one season for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League and spent the majority of his career in the Quebec Senior Hockey League.
Playing career
Born in Brandon, Manitoba, Smart played junior hockey in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League with the Portage Terriers for two seasons. In 1937-38, joined the senior ranks with the Toronto Marlboros of the Ontario Hockey Association and scored 23 points in 12 games at a goal-per-game pace. The following season, he began a three-year stint in the Montreal City Hockey League (MCHL) with the Verdun Maple Leafs and Montreal Sr. Canadiens.
In 1941-42, Smart moved with the Sr. Canadiens to the Quebec Senior Hockey League (QSHL). Affiliated with the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League, Smart was called up to the NHL in 1943 and, on January 14, became the first player in league history to score a hat trick in his NHL debut (this feat was later matched by Real Cloutier of the Quebec Nordiques in 1979, Fabian Brunnstrom of the Dallas Stars in 2008, and Derek Stepan of the New York Rangers in 2010). He completed the season with 5 goals and 2 assists in 8 games - the lone NHL stint of his career.
Smart spent the remainder of his career in the QSHL with the Montreal Royals and Ottawa Senators with the exception of one more season in the MCHL with the Montreal Vickers and the final season of his career in the OVHL with Eastview St. Charles. He recorded a career-high 66 points in 47 games with the Senators in 1947-48, then helped the club to an Allan Cup in 1949 as Canada's senior amateur champions. Smart retired after the 1950-51 season spent with Eastview.
Post-playing career
After retiring from the QSHL, Smart became a scout for the Los Angeles Kings and worked with Goodyear Tire for forty years.
Janni Serra

Janni-Luca Serra (born 13 March 1998) is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward for German club Arminia Bielefeld.
He is of Sardinian descent.
Mark White

Mark Wells White, Jr., (March 17, 1940 - August 5, 2017) was an American lawyer. He served as the 43rd Governor of Texas serving from January 18, 1983 to January 20, 1987.
White died at age 77 at his home in Houston, Texas on August 5, 2017 from a heart attack.
2005 Pakistan earthquake

The 2005 Kashmir Earthquake (also known as the Great Pakistan earthquake) was a major earthquake centered in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa near the city of Muzaffarabad. It occurred at 08:52:37 Pakistan Standard Time (03:52:37 UTC) on 8 October 2005
87,351 people died, 75,266 people injured, and 2.4 million people were left homeless. Kashmir, Pakistan, and Northern part of India were all affected.
2000s in Pakistan
Disasters in Pakistan
Earthquakes in Asia
Earthquakes in the 2000s
October 2005 events
2005 in Asia
2005 disasters
Soft tennis

Soft tennis is major sport in Japan. It is usually played by two players with rackets. It is similar to normal tennis, but the ball is soft.
Young and old of both sexes can enjoy playing soft tennis because the racket and ball are light.
History
Tennis came to Japan from England in about 1880's.
Equipment
Racket
Ball
In Japan, people were not able to make good hard ball those days. Imported balls were expensive. Therefore Japanese people used a rubber ball.
Funny How Time Slips Away

"Funny How Time Slips Away" is a 1961 song written by Willie Nelson and was first recorded by Billy Walker. It was released by Columbia Records and has been covered by numerous artists over the years and was used in the second season opener Better Call Saul.
Peter Haskell

Peter Abraham Haskell (October 15, 1934 - April 12, 2010) was an American actor. He was mostly known for guest-starring in many famous shows such as Columbo, Matlock, Barnaby Jones, Frasier, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Medical Center, and in Dr. Kildare.
Haskell was born on October 15, 1934 in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Buckingham Browne & Nichols and at Harvard University. Haskell was married to Annie Compton from 1960 until they divorced in 1974. Then he was married to Dianne Tolmich from 1974 until his death in 2010. He had two children, a daughter and son. Haskell died on April 12, 2010 from unknown causes in Northridge, California, aged 75.
Noyers, Yonne

Noyers is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France.
New York Minute (song)

"New York Minute" is a 1989 song by Don Henley and was taken from his album The End of the Innocence. It went to number 48 in the United States in 1990 and has been associated to the September 11 attacks in New York.
Fitness (disambiguation)

Fitness occurs in the title of these pages:
Fitness: a biological concept
Physical fitness: a state of health
Leerimetsa

Leerimetsa is a village in Puhalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.
Rodney Village, Delaware

Rodney Village is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Kent County, Delaware, United States.
Betty Shabazz

Betty Shabazz was an American educator and civil rights activist. She was the widow of Malcolm X.
She was born on May 28, in either 1934 or 1936. Her full name at birth was Betty Dean Sanders. She grew up in Detroit, Michigan. She and Malcolm X joined the Nation of Islam in 1956. They married in 1958. They had six children together. She raised them on her own after her husband was murdered in 1965.
Shabazz converted to Islam in 1965. Betty was pregnant with twin girls when she witnessed Malcolm X's assassination. Betty never remarried after her husband's death, and became a national figure. She also cared deeply about the struggle of people of African heritage in the U.S.
Shabazz's grandson Malcolm Shabazz (1984-2013) set fire to her apartment on June 1, 1997. She died of burns in hospital on June 23, 1997. He was convicted of arson and manslaughter and sentenced to 18 months juvenile detention.
San Giorio di Susa

San Giorio di Susa is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Clara Hale

Clara McBride Hale (April 1, 1905 - December 18, 1992), also known as Mother Hale, was an American humanitarian. She founded the Hale House Center, a home for unwanted children and children who were born addicted to drugs.
Personal life
Hale was born April 1, 1905 in Elizabeth City, North Carolina. She moved to Philadelphia her father died when she was a toddler. Her mother could not pay for her and her siblings, her mother took in lodgers to pay for her family. Clara Hale's mother died when she was sixteen.
She met Thomas Hale in high school and when they graduated they went to New York together and started a floor waxing company. Thomas and Clara Hale had two children named Lorraine and a son Nathan. Clara Hale adopted a boy named Kenneth the time Thomas Hale was going through cancer and died at the age of twenty seven.
When a drug addicted mom was at her door step she asked if Hale would take her drug addicted baby. Hale took in the baby and the Hale house began.
Hale died on December 18, 1992 in New York City from stroke-related complications at the age of 87.
More reading
Bolden, T. (1998). And Not Afraid to Dare: The Stories of Ten African-American Women. New York: Scholastic Press.
Italia, B. (1993). Clara Hale: A Mother to Those Who Needed One. Minnesota: Abdo & Daughters.
Lanker, B. (1989). I Dream a World: Portraits of Black Women Who Changed America. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang.
Pinkney A., & Woock, R.R. (1970). Poverty and Politics in Harlem. New Haven, Conn.: College & University Press.
Schoener, A. (1968). Harlem on My Mind: Cultural Capital of Black America 1900- 1968. New York: Random House.
Swinging (sexual practice)

Swinging is a human sexuality based on multi-partner relations. Both singles and partners engage with others for recreational purposes.
In contrast to an affair, both partners are consenting to sexual exchanges. These exchanges create a certain eroticism and even sexual arousal.
There are different types of swinging activities.
Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign

Former Senator Mike Gravel entered the 2020 presidential primaries on March 19, 2019, with the formal formation of an exploratory committee. Late that day, Gravel posted on Twitter that he was not entering the campaign to win, and that there would be a formal announcement in the coming days.
He also posted attacks on other Democratic Presidential candidates Kamala Harris, Joe Biden and Cory Booker, while praising fellow candidates Bernie Sanders, Tulsi Gabbard and Pete Buttigieg.
On April 2, 2019, Gravel filed to officially run for office. He dropped out of the race on July 31, 2019 after failing to qualify for the debates. He endorsed Bernie Sanders and Tulsi Gabbard for President on August 5.
Sing (franchise)

Sing is an American animated movie series. There are currently two movies: Sing (2016), Sing 2 (2021).
Ramón Xirau

Ramon Xirau Subias (, ) (20 January 1924 - 27 July 2017) was a Spanish-born Mexican poet, philosopher and literary critic. He was born in Barcelona, Spain.
Recognitions
He received the Legion of Honour from France and the Isabel la Catolica from Spain awards as well as the Cruz de Saint Jordi from the Generalitat of Catalonia for his works in essay and academics in Spanish and Catalan literature.
He was a research faculty member of the UNAM y and the National System of Researchers. At the UNAM he taught at the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature and did research at the Institute of Philosophy Research. He was a member of the Colegio Nacional since 1973.
Xirau died on 27 July 2017 of congestive heart failure in Mexico City at the age of 93.
Terrell Suggs

Terrell Raymonn Suggs (born June 11, 1982 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American former professional football outside linebacker. He played parts of 18 years in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Baltimore Ravens, Arizona Cardinals, and Kansas City Chiefs. Suggs was drafted out of Arizona State University by the Ravens with the 10th pick in the first round of the 2003 NFL Draft. He won Super Bowl XLVII with the Ravens and Super Bowl LIV with the Kansas City Chiefs.
College
Suggs played for Arizona State University in college. In his final season, Suggs had 24 sacks, an Arizona state record.
NFL career
Suggs was drafted in 2003 by the Baltimore Ravens of the NFL at 10th overall. Suggs was expected to go higher, but slipped because of a slow time in a 40-yard run. In 2003, Suggs got 21 tackles and 12.5 sacks. He also caught an interception which he returned 11 yards. For his efforts, he won the NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year Award.
Suggs remained a good player for Baltimore. He also become known for his fun/joking style on and off the field. In 2008, Suggs caught two interceptions. He returned them both for touchdowns. The Ravens rewarded him with a 6 year, $66 million contract in 2009. In 2010, Suggs got 70 tackles (50 alone), a career-high 14.5 sacks, seven forced fumbles, and nine yards on two interceptions. He was the NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 2011.
Suggs has become known as one of the great all-time Baltimore Ravens defenders with Ray Lewis and Ed Reed. During his career so far, Suggs has 565 tackles (408 alone), a Ravens record 82.5 quarterback sacks, 41 deflected passes, 7 interceptions, 144 return yards, and two touchdowns.
He won Super Bowl XLVII with the Ravens when they defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34-31.
Symbolism

Symbolism is the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or character. A symbol is an object, action, or idea that stands for something other than itself, often of a more abstract nature. Symbolism creates quality aspects that make literature like poetry and novels more meaningful.
Related pages
Symbolism (art) deals with symbolism in visual art.
Metaphor in language use.
Clotilde of France, Queen of Sardinia

Marie Clotilde of France (23 September 1759 - 7 March 1802) was Queen of Sardinia as wife of Charles Emmanuel IV. She was the sister of Louis XVI. On 10 April 1808, Pope Pius VII, declared Queen Clodile a Venerable the causes of her beatification and canonization continue.
Life
Baptied as Marie Adelaide Clotilde Xaviere, she was born at Versailles and known as Madame Clotilde. She was a daughter of Louis, Dauphin of France, only son of Louis XV, and Maria Josepha of Saxony. Because she was overweight, Marie Clotilde was nicknamed Gros-Madame. She was raised with her sister Elisabeth.
Marriage
On 27 August 1775, Louis XVI had his sister Marie Clotilde married in Versailles to Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont, eldest son of Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and of his wife Maria Antonia of Spain. Marie Clotilde had been taught Italian while at Versailles. In Savoy, jokes were made about her weight. Although the union was political, Marie Clotilde and Charles Emmanuel were devoted to each other. However they had no children.
In 1796, her husband became king. Marie Clotilde and her husband fled to Naples and lived as guests of the wealthy Colonna. Marie Clotilde died on 7 March 1802. Charles Emmanuel later abdicated on 4 June 1802 in favour of his younger brother, Victor Emmanuel. Marie Clotilde was buried in the Church of Santa Caterina a Chiaia in Naples.
Günter de Bruyn

Gunter de Bruyn (; 1 November 1926 - 4 October 2020) was a German author. He was born in Berlin.
He trained as a librarian and worked at the Zentralinstitut fur Bibliothekswesen (Central Institute for Library Knowledge) in East Berlin from 1953 to 1961. From 1965 to 1978, he was a member of the Zentralvorstandes des Schriftstellerverbandes der DDR (Central Executive Committee of the Literary Association of East Germany).
He was a member of the presidency of the PEN Centre of East Germany from 1974 to 1982.
In October 1989, Gunter de Bruyn declined to accept the National Prize of East Germany.
Bryn died in Berlin on 4 October 2020 at the age of 93.
Forough Farrokhzad

Forough Farrokhzad (January 5, 1935 -- February 13, 1967) () was an Iranian poetess. She lived in Tehran. In 1967, she died in a car accident. She was thirty-two. Maryam Dilmaghani translated her poems to English in 2006.
University of the Pacific

University of the Pacific () is a private autonomous university in Chile. It has three headquarters in Santiago, one in Melipilla, and an office in Concepcion.
History
It was founded in 1990.
Jens Jeremies

Jens Jeremies (born 5 March, 1974) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.
Charles J. Urstadt

Charles Jordan Urstadt (October 27, 1928 - March 3, 2020) was an American real estate executive and investor. He was New York State housing commissioner and the first chairman of the Battery Park City Authority. He was a key figure in the construction of Battery Park City. He was also the reason why rent control was removed from New York City. Urstadt was born in Manhattan.
Urstadt died on March 3, 2020 at his home in Bronxville, New York of stroke-related problems, aged 91.
Boris III of Bulgaria

Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xavier or Boris III of Bulgaria (30 January 1894 - 28 August 1943) was the last Tsar of the Kingdom of Bulgaria from 1918 to 1943. He was the son of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria the Tsar of Bulgaria during The Great War from (1914-1918) and ally of Emperor Wilhelm II of Prussia . Boris joined World War 2 in 1941 on the side of Nazi Germany (led by The Fuhrer) Boris invaded Yugoslavia and Greece in 1941 to help the Italians (led by The Duce) . However during World War 2 Bulgaria refused to deport the Jews from Bulgaria during the So called Final Solution . He died in 1943 aged 49 .
Software piracy

Software piracy (officially called copyright infringement of software) refers to the illegal copying of software. It often uses the Internet. Some countries have laws about this. The problem is considered to be bigger in certain countries than in others. Those who hold the copyright get less money because of copyright infringement. As a result of this, some copyright holders publish "anti-piracy" campaigns to tell people about the effects of infringement.
Very often, the people making the laws have to make a trade-off between allowing people to copy and use the software, and the copyright holders charging for the content. At the same time, even not allowed distribution makes the content more popular. Because of these two reasons, infringement of copyright for proprietary software and content can be bad also for free software and content.
In 2010 to 2012, the entertainment industry advocated changes to United States law to make it easier to end piracy websites, called Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect IP Act. Some websites including the English Wikipedia protested these proposals on January 18, 2012. The next day, the United States Department of Justice seized the Megaupload website which is claimed to be one of the largest piracy websites.
Why people use pirate software
Some reasons on why people pirate are:
Digital rights management (DRM) may limit people from using the software in ways they want.
The price of software may be high.
Not available in their country; no legitimate stores sell it there.
The experience or quality may be bad for a person, but the pirate's service can be better than a legitimate seller's.
Anonymity: Software piracy doesn't require an email, or other information that may identify the user.
A person may be opposed to copyright law in general.
How to distinguish software piracy
Illegally distributed proprietary software often has the following features:
Can't meet the proprietor's requirement for a legal copyright certificate.
No after-sales service.
Unusually low price (though legitimate prices also vary).
Can't upgrade by the official method.
Distribution by download from other than the maker's official Website.
No DRM, letting people use the software offline or for other purposes.
Yurahime Shrine

Yurahime Shrine is a Shinto shrine situated in Oki District, Shimane Prefecture. It is a Myojin Taisha. It claims to be the Ichinomiya of Oki Province, but Mizuwakasu Shrine also claims this.
Android 10

Android 10 is the tenth major release of Android. It was first released as a developer preview on March 13, 2019, and was released publicly on September 3, 2019.
Varmo

Varmo () is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia. It is about northwest of Trieste and about southwest of Udine.
Alistair Cooke

Alfred Alistair Cooke (or Alistair Cooke; November 20, 1908 - March 30, 2004) was a British-American journalist and television personality. He presented broadcasts for TV networks. He hosted Masterpiece Theater on PBS between 1971 and 1992. He retired in 1992, but continued to present Letter from America until his death.
Cooke was born in Salford, Lancashire. In 1937 he moved to the United States. In 1973 he was given a knighthood. He died in New York City from lung cancer.
Sanyo

Sanyo is a Japanese electronics company. They specialise in home appliances.
Overview
Sanyo was founded in 1947 by Toshio Iue.
Panasonic acquired it in 2011.
As of 2018, the company's revenue was Y=84.678 billion.
Tomboy

A tomboy is a girl who does things which are similar to the gender role of a boy.
They might also wear masculine-type clothes and play games and take part in activities which are often quite physical. This type of thing is usually thought to be done more by boys.
Nykvarn Municipality

Nykvarn Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Nykvarn.
The municipality was established on 1 January 1999. It was broken out of Sodertalje Municipality.
Wall Lake, Iowa

Wall Lake is a city in Iowa, in the United States.
Geography
Wall Lake has a total area of 1.15 square miles.
Trout, Louisiana

Trout is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in La Salle Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Rüdlingen

Rudlingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.
Takahiro Yamaguchi

Takahiro Yamaguchi (born 8 May 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare.
Serbian Progressive Party

The Serbian Progressive Party (, SNS) is a populist party in Serbia.