kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Jack-o'-lantern

A Jack-o'-lantern is a carved pumpkin, turnip, beet, or potato. In the 19th and 20th centuries people in Scotland and Ireland carved Halloween lanterns from large yellow turnips. This custom has become less prevalent in recent years as supermarkets have begun selling the larger and easier-to-carve American pumpkins.
In Irish lore, the Jack-o'-lantern is from the story of Stingy Jack. Jack was a clever man who cheated the devil several times. Once when Jack was leaving hell, the devil threw him a glowing coal to light his way. Jack put the coal in a hollowed-out turnip to make the first "Jack-o'-lantern". Lore says Jack can still be seen wandering the world with his turnip lantern, especially around All Saints Day, November 1.
In the United States, the carved pumpkin was first associated with the harvest season in general, long before it became an emblem of Halloween. In 1900, an article on Thanksgiving entertaining recommended a lit Jack-o'-lantern as part of the festivities.
To make a Jack-o'-lantern, the top of the pumpkin surrounding the stump of the vine is cut off. This top will be used as a "lid" when the Jack-o'-lantern is completed. The seeds and pulp inside the pumpkin are scooped out using a spoon or one's hands. The seeds may be roasted in a hot oven, and then salted to make a snack.
Once the inside of the pumpkin is clean, a face is carved into one side of the pumpkin. The eyes and nose are usually triangles. The mouth is usually filled with jagged teeth. A candle, devotional candle in a candle-holder, or a flashlight is put inside the Jack-o'-lantern and lit. The "lid" is replaced. The lid may be placed slightly askew to keep the candle alit.
In the United States, a completely carved and lit Jack-o'-lantern is put on the porch, the porch steps, or in a window to welcome trick-or-treaters on Halloween. Once the pumpkin is carved, it is good for nothing else and lasts only a day or two before it starts to rot. Pumpkins used to make Jack-o'-lanterns are inedible. In the United States, mischief-makers steal the Jack-o'-lanterns of their neighbors. The pumpkins are smashed in the street, dropped from a bridge, or otherwise destroyed.
Michael McElhatton

Michael McElhatton (born 12 September 1963) is an Irish actor and writer. He is best known for playing the role of Roose Bolton in the HBO series Game of Thrones. He joined the series as a guest star in the second season, and continued to play this role until season 5, promoted to a regular cast member.
His first well known role was that of Rats Doyle in the Irish sitcom Paths to Freedom.
In 2011, he had a role in the movie Albert Nobbs directed by Rodrigo Garcia, and the following year the short Pentecost , which received a nomination for Best Short Film at the 2012 Academy Awards.
COVID-19 pandemic in Macau

The COVID-19 pandemic in Macau is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The first case of the disease in Macau was confirmed on 22 January 2020. The city saw nine more cases by 4 February, but no more cases until 15 March. Until 26 April 2021, the city has 49 confirmed cases of COVID-19, all of those having recovered, and no deaths from the disease.
Henri Bergson

Henri-Louis Bergson (18 October 1859 - 4 January 1941), was a French philosopher.
Bergson convinced many thinkers that the processes of immediate experience and intuition are more significant than abstract rationalism and science for understanding reality.
Life
He was born on the Rue Lamartine in Paris, France. His mother, Katherine Levison, was of English and Irish Jewish descent. His father, the pianist Michal Bergson, was of Polish Jewish descent.
His early childhood was spent mostly in London after his birth. He learned the English language from his mother. He returned to Paris when he was nine years old, and became a naturalized French citizen.
He attended the Lycee Fontanes in Paris from 1868 to 1878. There he was given the 1877 prize for school mathematics, for the solution of a mathematical problem. When he was nineteen, he studied at Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS). He read many philosophy books, especially Herbert Spencer.
He was given the 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature.
In 4 January 1941, Bergson died in occupied Paris from bronchitis.
Orust Municipality

Orust Municipality () is a municipality in Vastra Gotaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Henan.
Courrières

Courrieres is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Jean de Venette

Jean de Venette (circa 1307 - after 1360) was born in Venette, France. He was a chronicler of the Hundred Years' War. He also recorded the events of the Black Plague, the revolt of the Jacquerie, and other historical events that occurred in his lifetime. Venette studied at the University of Paris. He became a Carmelite friar and shared his knowledge with his fellow monks. Jean de Venette realized the importance of education and taught many monks how to read and write. He also wrote a history of the Order of the Carmelites.
Jean de Venette became the Prior of the Carmelite monastery in Paris from 1339 to 1342, and was the Provincial Superior of France from 1341 to 1366. This later title made him the head of all of the Carmelite monasteries in the Province.
About 1340, he began to write down historical events happening around him. He said he recorded them "...in great measure as I have seen and heard them". He describes a great famine that he witnessed at age seven or eight years old. He states it started on the 15th day of March in 1315 and lasted more than two years and ended in 1318."
In that same year of 1340 he describes a great comet that appeared in Gaul. He believed, as did many people in his time, that these events were warnings from God of bad things that would happen.
In 1341, de Venette states Prince John II of Brittany died.
In 1346 he announces that "King Edward of England set sail for Normandy with a great many armed men".
In 1348, de Venette described the Black Plague and how brave the nuns were that cared for the people. Also how many of them died as a result of their dedication.
He wrote of battles between England and France during the Hundred Years' War where he was so close, "the arrows darkened the sky around him". Some of these battles he described were the siege of Calais in 1347 and the Battle of Poitiers (1356) where the French King and his son were captured. He gives an account of what happened after Poitiers where he states that there seem to be no rule in the kingdom. He wrote that "thieves and robbers rose up everywhere in the land and the Nobles also robbed and pillaged the peasants and took no thought for the people but rather for their own profit".
He states that in 1356, he witnessed the people of Paris building walls around their city because they did not trust the Nobles to protect them. De Venette goes into great detail, stating that the "citizens placed iron chains across the streets and crossways of Paris". They also built new walls, dug great ditches and tore down houses near the walls whether they were new or old.
Jean de Venette's writings are considered very important because he was an eye witness to many historical events. His writings are detailed and vivid. Many of the other well-known chroniclers wrote about events much later then they actually happened and relied upon one-sided accounts. They were often commissioned by Kings and Nobles who wanted their particular point of view to be stressed.
Jean de Venette died after 1360.
Derby Carriage and Wagon Works

Derby Carriage and Wagon Works was built by the Midland Railway. They built it in Derby, England
The building began at Derby Works in 1840. This was when the North Midland Railway, the Midland Counties Railway and the Birmingham and Derby Railway made engine sheds for their Tri Junct Station. These three merged in 1844 to form the Midland Railway. Then, its first Locomotive and Carriage Superintendent Matthew Kirtley decided to organise their works and persuaded that the railway should build their own rolling stock instead of than buying it.
Salmonidae

The Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish. They are the only living family in the order Salmoniformes. It includes salmon, trout, chars, graylings, and the subfamily known as the freshwater whitefish.
The Atlantic salmon and trout in the genus Salmo give the family and order their names.
Salmonids look rather primitive for teleost fish. Their pelvic fins are placed far back, with an adipose fin towards the rear of the back. They are slender fish, with rounded scales and forked tails. Their mouths contain a single row of sharp teeth. Although the smallest species is just long as an adult, most are much larger, with the largest reaching .
All salmonids spawn in fresh water. In many cases the fish spend most of their lives at sea, returning to the rivers only to reproduce. This a migratory lifecycle. They are predators, feeding on small crustaceans, aquatic insects, and smaller fish.
Philip Pullman

Sir Philip Pullman CBE FRSL (born Norwich, England, 19 October 1946) is an English writer. He is the best-selling author of His Dark Materials, a trilogy of fantasy novels, and a number of other books. In 2008, The Times named Pullman in its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".One of the greatest books to come around in the 20th century
Perspective on religion
Pullman is a supporter of the British Humanist Association and an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society. New Yorker journalist Laura Miller has described Pullman as one of England's most outspoken atheists, although Pullman describes himself as an agnostic.
On 15 September 2010, Pullman along with 54 other public figures signed an open letter, published in The Guardian newspaper, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI being given "the honour of a state visit" to the UK, arguing that he has led and condoned global abuses of human rights. The letter says "The state of which the pope is head has also resisted signing many major human rights treaties and has formed its own treaties ("concordats") with many states which negatively affect the human rights of citizens of those states". Other signers included Stephen Fry, Professor Richard Dawkins, Terry Pratchett, Jonathan Miller and Ken Follet.
Erpeldange-sur-Sûre

Erpeldange-sur-Sure (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Diekirch.
As of 2019, 2,406 people live there.
Stephen Yang Xiangtai

Stephen Yang Xiangtai (; 3 January 1923 - 13 October 2021) was a Chinese Roman Catholic prelate. He was Bishop Coadjutor and a Diocesan Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Daming from 1999 until 2016. Yang was born in village Gaocun, Hunan. He became a priest in 1949.
Yang died on 13 October 2021 at the age of 98 in a hospital in Handan, Hebie, China.
The Neverending Story (TV series)

The Neverending Story Is A 1995-16 Canadian/French/German Animated Series Co-Produced by CineVox Entertainment (Germany) and Animated By Ellipse Animation (France) and Nelvana Limited (Canada) Produced In Co-production With The Family Channel (Canada) Canal+ (France) and France 3 (France) and With the Participation of Center National De Da Cinematographe (France) and Home Box Office (United States)
Canadian animated television series
John Sparrow David Thompson

Sir John Sparrow David Thompson (November 10, 1845 - December 12, 1894) was the 4th Prime Minister of Canada. He served from November 24, 1892 until his death from a heart attack on December 12, 1894.
Gender binary

Gender binary is a term referring to a person who identifies as male or female. Not to be confused with gender binarism, which refers to discrimination against and denial of the existence of non-binary people due to the belief that only two distinct and mutually exclusive genders exist.
Australia at the Olympics

Australia at the Olympics is a history which includes 45 games in 22 countries and 3,000+ athletes. Since 1895, Australia has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Australia is AUS.
History
The Australia National Olympic Committee was formed in 1895. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1895.
Afghanistan's team first competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens.
Australia has sent athletes to almost all of the modern Olympic Games. Australia has competed in every Summer Olympic Games, and most Winter Olympic Games.
In 1908 and 1912, Australia competed with New Zealand under the name Australasia.
Host country
Australia has hosted the Olympics twice:
The 1956 Summer Olympics were at Melbourne in Victoria.
The 2000 Summer Olympics were at Sydney in New South Wales.
Moore County, Texas

Moore County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 21,358 people lived there. The county seat is Dumas.
Everything2

Everything2 or E2 is a website. It lets people make pages about many different things, and some people use it as a diary.
E2 users create pages called nodes and add stuff in writeups. Only logged-in users can create writeups. Only the person who created the writeup or someone who the website owners (called "gods") choose can edit the writeup. On the other hand, on Wikipedia, anyone can edit pages, but on Everything2 only those who can edit the writeup can edit pages.
Everything2 does not require a neutral point of view like Wikipedia does. So, it is possible to have more than one article (writeups) under the same title (node), each by different authors, and presenting different points of view.
Tomotaka Fukagawa

Tomotaka Fukagawa (born 24 July 1972) is a former Japanese football player.
Dot matrix printing

Dot-matrix printers are printers for computers. A dot matrix printer creates characters by striking pins against ink ribbons. The print head moves back and forth on the paper like a typewriter and prints the image Each pin makes a dot, and combinations of dots form characters and pictures. This is much like a typewriter. Each character is made from a matrix of dots. These were used a lot in the 1970s to the 1990s. Today, dot matrix printers are not used by many people anymore. Most people use inkjet printers or laser printers now. They are still in use where forms (with multiple copies) need to be filled out. It is not advisable for office uses as it is an impact printer (make noise as the job is getting done). It prints information on a stationery paper
Mano Brown

Pedro Paulo Soares Pereira (Born in April 22, 1970), better known by his stage name Mano Brown, is a Brazilian singer and songwriter. He is the founder of the musical group Racionais MC's, the group was formed in 1988, and integrated by Ice Blue (Paulo Eduardo Salvador), Edi Rock (Edivaldo Pereira Alves) and KL Jay (Kleber Geraldo Lelis Simoes).
Brinell scale

The Brinell scale is a measure of hardness in materials. It is measured by making a dent in the material and seeing how deep the dent goes with a known amount of force. It is similar to the Mohs' hardness scale, which scratches the material. It is used to test the hardness of metals. Normally, a steel ball is pressed into an object and the dent made is measured.
Azzedine Alaïa

Azzedine Alaia (; , ; 26 February 1935 - 18 November 2017) was a Tunisian haute couture fashion designer based in Paris.
In 2008, he was awarded the Legion of Honour by the French government.
In 2011, he started showing his collections on the catwalk again after an eight-years pause.
In 2015, he was celebrated at the Galleria Borghese in Rome with an exhibition called "Couture/Sculpture: Azzedine Alaia in the History of Fashion".
Cherokee Village, Arkansas

Cherokee Village is a city in Fulton and Sharp counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas.
Telescopefish

The telescopefish, or giganturas, comprise a genus, Gigantura, of small, deep-sea ray-finned fish in the family Giganturidae. Though rarely captured, they are found in cold, deep tropical to subtropical waters worldwide.
If You Asked Me To

"If You Asked Me To" is a popular single first performed by Patti LaBelle. The song was from the Licence to Kill movie soundtrack. It was also on LaBelle's album Be Yourself.
The song was released in 1989. It hit top ten on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Three years later, it hit #4 on the Billboard Hot 100. That version was done by Celine Dion in April 1992. Her version hit in America and Canada.
Crowbar (wrestler)

Christopher "Chris" Ford (born March 4, 1974 in Rutherford, New Jersey) is an American professional wrestler. He is known for his time when he wrestled in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1999 to 2001 uner the ring name Crowbar. He has also competed in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He currently wrestles on the independent circuit under the ring names Crowbar and Devon Storm.
Little House in the Big Woods

Little House in the Big Woods is a children's novel. It was written by Laura Ingalls Wilder. It was published in 1932. It is the first book in Wilder's Little House series. The book and the series are based on Wilder's memories of growing up near Pepin, Wisconsin in the 19th century.
Kazuhisa Hamaoka

Kazuhisa Hamaoka (born 28 February 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tochigi UVA.
The Golden Louis

The Golden Louis is a 1909 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Anita Hendrie, Adele DeGarde, and Owen Moore.
Phil Linz

Philip Francis Linz (June 4, 1939 - December 9, 2020) was an American professional baseball player. Linz played in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees (1962-65), Philadelphia Phillies (1966-67), and New York Mets (1967-68). He was born in Baltimore, Maryland.
Linz died on December 9, 2020 at his home in Virginia at the age of 81.
Steven Cohen

Steve A. Cohen (born June 11, 1956 in Great Neck, New York) is an American billionaire investor, hedge fund manager, philanthropist, and art collector. He is the founder of Point72 Asset Management and the now-closed S.A.C. Capital Advisors. Both funds are based in Stamford, Connecticut. In 2020, he became the owner of New York Mets.
The Ghost of Tom Joad (song)

"The Ghost of Tom Joad" is a folk rock song written by Bruce Springsteen. It is a song on his eleventh studio album, which has the same name. The song was released in November 1995. Tom Joad is a character from The Grapes of Wrath, a book made by John Steinbeck.
The song has been covered by other musicians, such as Rage Against the Machine. Springsteen has played the song at concerts in many different ways. he has also played it with the E Street Band. In 2013, Springsteen made a new version of the song with Tom Morello. It was put on his eighteenth album, High Hopes.
European Confederation of Roller Skating

The European Confederation of Roller Skating (Confederation Europeenne de Roller Skating, or CERS) was the main European roller skating organization. The CERS was part of the International Roller Sports Federation or FIRS. Varieties of skating governed by the CERS included:
Inline Downhill
Roller Hockey, by CERS-RH
Inline hockey
Speedskating
2013 FA Cup Final

The 2013 FA Cup Final was the 132nd final of the FA Cup, the world's oldest football cup competition. The final took place on the 11 May 2013 at Wembley Stadium. Premier League clubs Manchester City and Wigan Athletic took part in the 2013 final, with Wigan Athletic defeating Manchester City 1-0 after an injury time goal from Ben Watson.
Jerry Falwell

Jerry Lamon Falwell, Sr. (August 11, 1933 - May 15, 2007) was an American evangelical Christian pastor and televangelist. He was the pastor of the Thomas Road Baptist Church, a megachurch in Lynchburg, Virginia. He founded Liberty University in 1971 and co-founded the Moral Majority in 1979. Fallwell was a member of the Southern Baptist Convention.
Zin Mar Aung

Zin Mar Aung (; born 14 June 1976) is a Burmese activist. She received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S State Department in 2012.
Life
Zin Mar Aung studied botany in the university. She received a degree from the University of Distance Education in Yangon.
Work
Zin Mar Aung was part of the Burma democracy movement. Because of this, she was a political prisoner for eleven years. She started a group for Asian culture and democracy. She also started a group to help women who were political prisoners. She also helped start a group for women's empowerment. In 2012, she became the leader of an organization for ethnic minorities in war areas. In 2013 she started to work with the International Foundation for Electoral Systems on women's political empowerment under the Global Women's Leadership Fund.
Craig, Alaska

Craig is a city in Alaska, United States. Craig is the largest town on Prince of Wales Island.
Commercial fishing brings much of the income in Craig. There are two harbors in the center of town. Tourism provides jobs and income to the community. Lodges are available to guests who visit the island for the salmon fishing as well as black bear and deer hunting. Another main employer in Craig is the U.S. Forest Service.
NAGA Group

NAGA or NAGA Group AG is a German fintech company and an investing app. The company is located in Hamburg, Germany. It was listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in 2017.
History
NAGA was founded by Benjamin Bilski and Yasin Sebastian Qureshi in Germany in 2015.
In 2017, NAGA Group AG was listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and was got Red Herring award.
In 2021, NAGA launched NAGA Pay, a mobile banking and investing app with IBAN account, a VISA debit card, etc.
NAGA also develops a social investing platform (with 1 million users).
Fosun International, a Chinese holding company, is a shareholder of NAGA since 2017.
Bumin Qaghan

Bumin Qaghan (Old Turkic: :, Turkish: Bumin Kagan; died at 552) was the founder of the first Turkish empire in history, the First Turk Khanate of the Gokturks in Late Antique Central Asia. Until the discovery of the Orkhon runes (1889) and the decipherment of the writings on them (1893) by the Danish philologist Vilhelm Thomsen, Bumin Qaghan was known only by his Chinese name Tu Men (T'u-men), as he is found in mentioned in Chinese sources
Sustainable seafood

For thousands of years, people have caught and eaten fish and seafood. Today this has become a problem: The population has increased, and more fish and seafood need to be caught to feed all the people. This means that the populations of fish have less time to regenerate, and they get depleted, which is known as overfishing. Sustainable seafood is the idea of catching the fish, without putting the ecosystem they come from in danger. Sustainable seafood is either caught wild, or it is farmed, but without endangering the ecosystem, and giving the stocks a chance to grow. There are different non-profit organizations that watch over these rules. Special labels have been created so the consumer can see that the fish or seafood was bred or caught in accordance with these rules.
Yavoriv

Yavoriv (, , , ) is a city in Lviv Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Yavoriv Raion (district). In 2021, 12,888 people lived there.
Binoculars

Binoculars are a kind of tool that lets people see far-away things more clearly. The technology is called optics. Binoculars are made of a pair of matched telescopes which are held in front of the user's eyes.
The two telescopes of the pair have lenses that focus light and magnify the image. When someone looks through the binoculars at a far-away object, they can see details.
Early binoculars had two Galilean telescopes without prisms. Today most have prisms inside, which fold the light path to shorten the length of the tubes. That is why a binocular is shorter than standard telescopes of similar power.
Binoculars were invented in the 17th century. They allow a telescope user to use both eyes. The Royal Navy used single telescopes, but now all ships have heavy binoculars. Heavy ones can be mounted on swivels to scan the horizon. Binoculars are also standard issue in all armies. Night vision binoculars use photocathode electronics to intensify the image.
Binoculars are also used for theatre (opera glasses), birdwatching amateur astronomy, and generally watching the scenery.
Features
These features are present in some or all binoculars:
Focussing is usually by turning knobs.
Large binoculars have independent focussing for each 'telescope' (each side).
Eye relief: Eye relief is the distance from the rear eyepiece lens to the exit pupil or eye point. It is the distance the observer must position his or her eye behind the eyepiece in order to see the image. The longer the focal length of the eyepiece, the greater the eye relief. Binoculars may have eye relief ranging from a few millimeters to 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) or more. Eye relief can be particularly important for eyeglass wearers.
Range finding. Many binoculars have range finding reticle (scale) superimposed on the view. This scale allows the distance to the object to be estimated if the object height is known.
Image stabilisation. On top-range models, by electronics.
Optical coatings
Anti-reflective: not just relections off the front lens, but every lens and prism. Anti-reflective coatings reduce light lost at every optical surface through reflection at each surface. Reducing reflection via anti-reflective coatings also reduces the amount of "lost" light bouncing around inside the binocular which can making the image appear hazy (low contrast).
Metallic mirror coating for its prisms.
Warships in World War II used very large binocular naval rangefinders (up to 15 metres separation of the two objective lenses, weight 10 tons) for ranging gun targets 25 km away. Late-20th century technology made this application redundant (radar; laser sights; guided missiles &c).
Modern military binoculars have filters that block laser weapons used against them. Some are specialised for night vision.
Gan language

Gan is the language of Jiangxi and some others provinces in China.
It is spoken by 20 to 50 million people in southern China.
Gan has 9 dialects, and Nangchang dialect is representative.
Manipur white-toothed rat

The Manipur white-toothed rat (, ) is a species of rodent. It belongs to the family Muridae. It is found in Manipur of Northeastern India, northern and central Myanmar and Yunnan province of China (west of the Salween River).
Monnickendam

Monnickendam is a city in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Waterland. It has had city rights since 1355.
Adam Rich

Adam Rich (October 12, 1968 - January 7, 2023) was an American actor. He is best known for playing Nicholas Bradford, the youngest son on the television series Eight Is Enough (1977-1981). Rich made guest appearances in television series including The Love Boat, CHiPs, Fantasy Island, The Six Million Dollar Man, St. Elsewhere and Baywatch.
Rich was born in New York City. His family were Jewish.
Rich died on January 7, 2023, in Los Angeles, California. He was 54.
Jotunheim

Jotunheimr (or Jotunheim) is the land of the giants in the Norse mythology. Two kinds of giants (or Jotuns) live in Jotunheimr, rock giants and frost giants. From here they can attack the humans in Midgard and the gods in Asgard. Jotunheim is ruled by King Thrym.
Mtwapa

Mtwapa is a small town lying on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya.
The town is situated approximately north-east of Mombasa on the Mombasa-Malindi road.
"Mtu wa hapa" - in Swahili; this translates to he who lives among us.
Mtwapa is home to a large number of European retirees and holiday-makers from countries such as Germany, Holland and Great Britain. It is also a destination for sex tourism. Mtwapa Creek is a starting point for fishing tours.
The population of Mtwapa
The population growth is shown in the following table.
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Gallery
In popular culture
Part of the events in the story of 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (by Andrei Gusev) takes place in Mtwapa. The plot describes the Catholic wedding in Mombasa of the main characters (Russian writer Andy and the girl Jennifer, who was born in Kenya) and then their life in Mtwapa.
Murtaugh, Idaho

Murtaugh is a city in Idaho in the United States.
G. K. Butterfield

George Kenneth Butterfield Jr. (born April 27, 1947) is an American politician. In 2004, he was elected to the U.S. Representative for North Carolina's 1st congressional district. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Butterfield was appointed to be an Associate Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court by Governor Mike Easley in 2001. He is a member of the Congressional Black Caucus and was its chair from 2015 to 2017.
In November 2021, Butterfield announced his retirement and would not run for re-election in 2022.
Jonen

Jonen is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Tupolev Tu-114

Tupolev Tu-114 "Rossiya" (Russian: Typolev Ty-114 Pocciia; NATO reporting name: Cleat) was a Soviet turboprop-powered, long-range airliner designed by Tupolev.
Leeds Triennial Festival

The Leeds Triennial Festival was a festival of music held in the town of Leeds, Yorkshire in England. The festival started in the 19th century at a time when very large choirs were in fashion. Although there is now no festival called the Leeds Triennial Festival the town of Leeds continues to put on music festivals.
History
On 7 September 1858 Queen Victoria opened the new Town Hall in Leeds. It was a very large building, big enough for an audience of 4000 and a choir of 400 singers. The composer Sterndale Bennett conducted an orchestra and choir at the opening performance.
Although "triennial" means something that happens every three years, the next festival did not happen until 1874. In 1880 the first festival called the Leeds Triennial Festival was conducted by Arthur Sullivan. These festivals were very famous internationally because a lot of famous composers were asked to write new works for choir and to come and conduct them. Composers such as Raff, Dvorak, Massenet, Humperdinck, Parry, Stanford, Elgar and Sullivan himself all wrote new works for the festival.
Later in the 20th century many famous musicians continued to be associated with the festival including Benjamin Britten and Aaron Copland.
Although the last Leeds Triennial Festival took place in 1985 both the Festival Chorus and the Leeds Philharmonic Chorus continue to perform at the Leeds International Concert Season in the Town Hall.
Pavel Nakhimov

Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov () (born July 5, 1802 - died July 12, 1855) was a Russian admiral. He was one of the most famous admirals in Russian naval history.
In 1826, Nakhimov served on the crew of the 74-gun warship "Azov", commanded by Mikhail Lazarev. One year after, on October 20 1827, he and the crew of Azov fought in the Battle of Navarino and with the help of the British and French naval forces, they defeated the Ottoman naval forces.
After that, Nakhimov was the commander of naval and land forces during the Siege of Sevastopol in the Crimean War. On November 30 1853, Nakhimov defeated the Ottoman troops in the Battle of Sinope.
On July 10 1855, while he was inspecting the forward-defense positions at Fort Malakoff, he was fatally wounded by a sniper. The medal, the Order of Nakhimov, a Soviet Navy Cruiser and the Nakhimov Naval Academy (Sevastopol) are named for him.
Ransomware

Ransomware is a type of malware. It restricts access to the computer system that it infects or the data that it stores (often using encryption techniques), and demands a ransom be paid to the creator(s) of the malware. This is in order for the restriction to be removed. Some forms of ransomware encrypt files on the system's hard disk. Others may simply lock the system and display messages intended to persuade the user to pay.
Ransomware first became popular in Russia. Now the use of ransomware scams has grown internationally. In June 2013, McAfee said it had collected over 250,000 unique samples of ransomware in the first three months of 2013. This is more than double the number of the previous year. CryptoLocker, a ransomware worm that surfaced in late-2013, had collected an estimated $3 million USD before it was taken down by authorities.
In May 2017, a piece of ransomware called WannaCry spread around the world. It lasted four days and affected over 200,000 computers in 150 countries. Only about $130,000 (USD) was ever paid in ransom, but the attack affected a lot of large companies and organizations. The United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS) was hit hard by WannaCry. Hospitals could not access their files, and so many surgeries were cancelled and patients had to be turned away. The NHS was especially at risk because it was using a version of the Windows operating system called Windows XP that Microsoft no longer supported. This meant that Microsoft had not been sending out security updates for this version of Windows, leaving it open to the WannaCry virus. Other systems were affected even though they were running newer versions of Windows, because their users had not yet installed the most recent security updates. Even though it was not designed to actually damage computers or their files, WannaCry led to a lot of wasted time and money, showing how vulnerable the world still is to ransomware attacks.
Kerry Vincent

Kerry Vincent ( Flynn; 1 June 1945 - 2 January 2021) was an Australian television personality and baker. She lived and worked in the United States. She was a judge on many Food Network shows. She was also the co-founder of the annual Oklahoma State Sugar Art Show. In 2013, she was a judge in The Great Australian Bake Off. Vincent was born in Wyalkatchem, Western Australia.
Vincent died of an illness on 2 January 2021 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She was 75.
Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec

is a 2001 racing game. It was the first Gran Turismo game that was released for the PlayStation 2. It was revealed as Gran Turismo 2000 in E3 2000. This version of the game is extremely rare, and few copies of it exist.
Reviews
The game got very good reviews, with a 95/100 on Metacritic. IGN also gave it a 9.8/10.
1283

1283 was a common year.
Births
Date uncertain - Margaret, the Maid of Norway (died 1290)
Deaths
January 9 - Wen Tianxiang, Chinese prime minister (executed, born 1236)
October 3 - Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Welsh Prince of Gwynedd (executed)
Philip, Crown Prince of Constantinople, Persian poet (born 1243)
Piotr z Bogorii i Skotnik, Polish nobleman
Ken Kavanagh

Thomas Kenrick Kavanagh (12 December 1923 -- 26 November 2019) was an Australian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and racecar driver. He was born in Melbourne. In 1952, Kavanagh became the first Australian to win a motorcycle Grand Prix race when he won the 350cc Ulster Grand Prix.
Kavanagh died in Bergamo, Italy on 26 November 2019 at the age of 95.
Malam Jabba

Malam Jabba (also Maalam Jabba, ) is a Hill Station in the Karakoram mountain range nearly 40 km from Saidu Sharif in Swat Valley, Sarhad, Pakistan. It is 314 km from Islamabad and 51 km from Saidu Sharif Airport.
Malam Jabba is home to the largest ski resort in Pakistan. The area also contains two Buddhist stupas and six monasteries that are scattered around the resort. The presence of the monuments at such a height indicates that the area has been inhabited for over 2000 years.
Louisiana (New Spain)

Louisiana () was an administrative district of the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1763 to 1801. It included the area west of the Mississippi River basin, plus New Orleans. Spain got the territory from France, which had named it La Louisiane after King Louis XIV in 1682. It is sometimes called Spanish Louisiana. The district was given back to France, under the terms of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso (1800) and the Treaty of Aranjuez (1801). In 1802, King Charles IV of Spain wrote a royal bill on 14 October. This changed the transfer and outlined the conditions.
However, Spain agreed to still run the colony until French officials came and made the transfer official (1803). The ceremony happened at the Cabildo in New Orleans on 30 November 1803. This was just three weeks before the formalities of cession from France to the United States pursuant to the Louisiana Purchase.
Twin Falls, Idaho

Twin Falls is a city in Idaho in the United States. It is the county seat of Twin Falls County, Idaho. The 2010 population was 44,125. The estimated population for July 1, 2014 is 46,528.
History
In 1900, I. B. Perrine founded the Twin Falls Land and Water Company to build an irrigation canal in the area now known as Twin Falls. One of the investors was named Stanley Milner. By 1903, Perrine and his investors had government approval to build a dam on the Snake River. The dam was finished in 1905. It is now called Milner Dam. It allows farmers in the area to irrigate their crops.
In 1904, some property in the area was sold off to start a few towns. One of those towns was Twin Falls. The others include Buhl, Filer, Hansen, Kimberly, and Murtaugh. Many of those towns were named for the original investors in the Twin Falls land and Water Company.
Twin Falls was incorporated on April 12, 1905 as a village.
On February 21, 1907, Twin Falls became the county seat of the new Twin Falls County. Prior to that, the city was part of Cassia County.
On September 8, 1974, Evel Knievel attempted to jump the Snake River Canyon on a rocket cycle at a site close to Twin Falls. The attempt failed. Located on private property at , the ramp's base remains in place as of January, 2016. Evel Knievel was paid six million dollars (US) for trying to jump the canyon. The payment was promised no matter the outcome of the attempt.
Government
Twin Falls has a council-manager form of government. The city council hires a manager to supervise city employees on a day-to-day basis, and the position of "mayor" is appointed by the city council from among their own members.
Fedora Live USB creator

The Fedora Live USB creator is an official tool designed to create Live USBs of Fedora.
Vestfold

Vestfold is a former county in Norway. It bordered Buskerud and Telemark. The county administration was in the city of Tonsberg. Vestfold was west of the Oslo Fjord. The river Numedalslagen runs through the area. Many islands are at the coast. Vestfold is mostly lowland areas. It is among the best agricultural areas of Norway.
On 1 January 2020 the county merged with Telemark to the current county of Vestfold og Telemark.
Vestfold used to be a headquarters for whaling fleets. The economy of the coastal towns of Vestfold now is centered around fishing and shipbuilding. Some lumbering is done away from the coast. The district also has some of the best farmland in Norway.
Adnan Menderes

Adnan Menderes (1899 - 17 September 1961) was a Turkish politician. He was the Prime Minister of Turkey between 1950 and 1960.
GP2 Series

The GP2 Series, GP2 for short, is a form of open wheel motor racing. GP2 was started in 2005 after the Formula 3000 was stopped. The format was conceived by Bernie Ecclestone and Flavio Briatore, while Ecclestone also has the rights to the name GP1. In 2010 the GP3 Series class was launched, as a feeder class for the GP2 series.
GP2 was designed to be an affordable racing series and a training series for Formula One. GP2 requires all of the teams to use the same chassis, engine and tyre supplier. Almost all races have taken place as support races on Formula One race weekends. Many drivers have used GP2 as a stepping stone into Formula One.
GP2 Series cars
The GP2 Series car is used by all of the teams, and features a Dallara chassis powered by a V8 Renault engine and Bridgestone tyres.
The 4 L Renault V8 engine features design and software upgrades designed to improve performance and fuel consumption. The engine produces about 620 bhp (432.5 kW). GP2 Series engines are rev-limited to 10,000 rpm.
Bridgestone supplying three slick tyre compounds for racing on dry (soft, medium and hard). They also provide a wet weather tyre. The choice of tyre to be raced is made by the Bridgestone and the GP2 Series organizers prior to each event.
Brembo supplies the brakes.
Race weekend
On Friday, drivers have a 30-minute practice session and a 30-minute qualifying session. The qualifying session decides the grid order for Saturday's race which has a length of 180 kilometers.
During Saturday's race, each driver has to make a pit stop in which at least two tyres have to be changed.
On Sunday there is a sprint race of 120 km. The grid is decided by the Saturday result with top 8 being reversed, so the driver who finished 8th on Saturday will start from pole position and the winner will start from 8th place.
Point system
2005-2011
Pole for Saturday races: 2 points
Fastest lap: 1 point in each race. Driver recording fastest lap has to drive 90% of race laps. The driver must now also start the race from his allocated grid position and as of 2008 must finish in the top ten of the race to be eligible for the fastest lap point.
With this points system, the most number of points anyone can score in one round is 20 by claiming pole position, winning both races with the fastest lap in each race. This has only been achieved twice in GP2 Racing's short history. By Brazilian Nelson Piquet, Jr. in the 9th round of the 2006 season in Hungary and by German Nico Hulkenberg in the 5th round of the 2009 season in Germany.
2012-present
The top eight finishers in a sprint race receive points as follows:
Fastest Lap and Pole position are the same in the previous system
Champions
Drivers graduated to F1
Drivers are listed by their last year in GP2 Series. Usually they started in F1 at the start of the following season.
= graduated to F1 later
= started in F1 mid-season
Note: Timo Glock had four Grand Prix starts in 2004, drove in GP2 Series in 2006-07 before moving to F1 in 2008.
The Black Dahlia Murder (band)

The Black Dahlia Murder is an American melodic death metal band from Waterford, Michigan, formed in 2001. They are named after the 1947 unsolved murder of Elizabeth Short, often known as Black Dahlia.
Out of the eight studio albums they have released to date, the last seven have charted on the U.S. Billboard 200, with their fifth album Ritual peaking at No. 31 in 2011.
Américo Martín

Americo Gregorio Martin Estaba (1 February 1938 - 16 February 2022) was a Venezuelan politician. He was a member of A New Era. He was in the Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies from 1979 to 1984. Martin was born in Caracas, Venezuela.
Martin died in Caracas on 16 February 2022, at the age of 84.
Animal feed

Animal feed is food given to all kinds of animals. It is mostly given to livestock.
Erika Fairweather

Erika Fairweather is a swimmer from New Zealand. Fairweather competed at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships and the 2020 Summer Olympics. She was born on 31 December 2003.
Keskastel

Keskastel is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Stentor

Stentor is a genus of filter-feeding ciliates. They are usually horn-shaped, and reaching lengths of 2 millimeters, they are among the biggest known unicellular organisms.
They are a type of protist ciliate in the heterotrich class. The old-fashioned name for them was trumpet animalcules.
The body is horn-shaped, with a ring of prominent cilia around the anterior "bell" that sweeps in food and helps swimming. Some reach several millimeters in length, making them among the largest single celled organisms. As in many freshwater protozoans, Stentor has a contractile vacuole. Because the concentration of salt inside the cell and in the surrounding freshwater is different, Stentor must store water that enters it by osmosis and then discharge it from the vacuole. They can regenerate, and small fragments can grow into full organisms. Each cell has one (often elongated) macronucleus and several micronuclei. Having two types of nuclei is charcteristic of ciliates.
Winnebago County, Iowa

Winnebago County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,679. The county seat is Forest City. The county was founded in 1847 and named after the Native American tribe.
St. Gallen (disambiguation)

St. Gallen can mean:
Canton of St. Gallen, a canton of Switzerland
St. Gallen, a city and the capital of the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland
St. Gallen (Wahlkreis), a district of the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland
Sankt Gallen, Styria, a municipality in the district of Liezen in the state of Styria, Austria
Amblypomacentrus

Amblypomacentrus is a small genus of fish in the family Pomacentridae. As of the year 2000, there are 3 species.
Sakata Tōjūrō IV

(31 December 1931 - 12 November 2020) was a Japanese kabuki actor. Many of his works were in the Kamigata style. He was honored as a Living National Treasure.
He performed both male and female roles, and was renowned as both a skilled wagotoshi (actor of male roles in the wagoto tradition) and onnagata (actor of female roles). He was the fourth in the line of Sakata Tojuro.
Tojuro died on 12 November 2020 at the age of 88.
Aontú

Aontu (Irish , "unite") is an all-Ireland political party. It was formally created in January 2019. It operates in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
History
The party was founded by Peadar Toibin, a TD. He resigned from Sinn Fein on 15 November 2018 due to his anti-abortion views. The name Aontu was announced at a meeting in Belfast on 28 January 2019. The party has been described as conservative on social issues and socially conservative, and left-wing on economics, migration, and climate change.
Drummer

A drummer is a person who plays the drums as a job or as a hobby. This can be someone who plays drums in the military, in a band or as a session musician. A session musician is someone who plays an instrument in a band when no one else is available. A drummer keeps the beat so their role is a hard and important job. Without a drummer, the band would find it hard to keep in time.
Mia

Mia, MIA, or M.I.A. may refer to:
Miami International Airport's IATA code
Missing in action, a casualty classification
People
M.I.A. (rapper) (born 1975), English rapper and singer
Double Rainbow (viral video)

Double Rainbow is a viral video filmed by Paul "Bear" Vasquez (September 5, 1962 - May 9, 2020). The clip, filmed in his front yard just outside Yosemite National Park, in the U.S. state of California, shows his excited reaction to a double rainbow. Vasquez's video has had more than 47 million views on YouTube.
In 2011, Vasquez appeared in a commercial for Vodafone New Zealand, making fun the video.
The video appeared as the first scene of the 2013 movie We're the Millers. Two years earlier, Bear had appeared in Jennifer Aniston's ad for Smartwater.
Vasquez died at his home in Mariposa, California on May 9, 2020 from a possible case of COVID-19, aged 57.
Jaipal Reddy

Sudini Jaipal Reddy (16 January 1942 - 28 July 2019) was an Indian politician. He was the member of the Lok Sabha of India for five terms.
He represented the Chevella constituency of Telangana and was a member of the Indian National Congress.
He was a Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting in the I. K. Gujral cabinet in 1998. In 1999 he returned to Indian National Congress after 21 years. In 2004 he was re-elected to 14th Lok Sabha from Miryalaguda Lok Sabha Constituency and then he was a Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting and Union Minister for Urban Development in the United Progressive Alliance-1.
In 2009 he was re-elected to the 15th Lok Sabha from the Chevella constituency and was a Union Minister for Urban Development and Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas.
He was the Union Minister for the Ministry of Earth Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Technology from 29 October 2012 to 18 May 2014.
Reddy died on 28 July 2019 at a hospital in Hyderabad of pneumonia at the age of 77.
Screaming Eggs

Screaming Eggs is a 1999 live-action/animated short film the final episode of the From Merrie Melodies series. It was released on Warner Bros. Animation theatrical on February 12, 1999. This is last movie directed by Chuck Jones about foods getting killed by humans. This film is about a carton of anthropomorphic talking eggs getting killed by Bob Jennigs and Mel Blanc (archival recording) by crack and frying them.
Plot
A carton of eggs realize that life isn't all it's cracked up to be.