kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Small shelly fossils

Small shelly fossils (SSF), or small shelly fauna, are tiny fossils, many only a few millimetres long. They have a record from the latest stages of the Ediacaran to the early Cambrian period. Almost all are from earlier rocks than more familiar fossils such as trilobites. Most SSFs were preserved by being covered quickly with phosphate. This method of preservation is mainly limited to the later Ediacaran and early Cambrian periods, so the animals that made them may have arisen earlier and continued after this time.
Some of the fossils represent the entire skeletons of small organisms, including the mysterious Cloudina and some snail-like molluscs. However, the bulk of the fossils are fragments or parts of larger organisms, including sponges, molluscs, slug-like halkieriids, brachiopods, echinoderms, and onychophoran-like organisms that may have been close to the ancestors of arthropods.
One of the early explanations for the appearance of the SSFs - and the evolution of mineralized skeletons - is a sudden increase in the ocean's concentration of calcium. However, many SSFs are made of other minerals, such as silica. The first SSFs appear around the same time as organisms first started burrowing to avoid predation, so it is likely that they represent early steps in an evolutionary arms race between predators and increasingly well-defended prey. Nevertheless, it is still true that the animals used minerals that were most easily accessible.
The small size and (usually) broken nature of SSFs makes them difficult to identify and classify. However, they provide evidence for how the main groups of marine invertebrates evolved, and for the pace and pattern of evolution in the Cambrian explosion. They include the earliest known representatives of some modern phyla, and they have the great advantage of presenting a nearly continuous record of early Cambrian organisms whose bodies include hard parts.
Kew, Victoria

Kew is an inner suburb of Melbourne, Australia, 5 km east from Melbourne's Central Business District. In 2016, there were 24,605 people living here.
Scott Walker 2016 presidential campaign

The 2016 presidential campaign of Scott Walker, the 45th Governor of Wisconsin, was announced at an event in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on July 13, 2015. The scheduling of an announcement event was made public on July 2, two weeks after the formation of a "testing the waters" fundraising committee.
Background
Two weeks before his announcement, he formed a "testing the waters" fundraising committee to see if running for President is a good idea.
Announcement
On July 2nd, Walker started a countdown by posting a slice of his presidential campaign logo on Instagram, with eight more pieces to come in the days ahead. He also tweeted an image of himself waving next to an American flag with the message "It begins."
On July 10, then-Governor Walker's official Twitter account tweeted a premature presidential announcement, which is being investigated by Twitter.
Suspension
On September 21, 2015, Walker suspended his campaign after low polling numbers.
Vicente García Salmeron

Vicente Garcia Salmeron (born January 9, 1970 in Granada) is a skier from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a type B1 skier. He raced at the 1994 Winter Paralympics in para-alpine skiing. He was the second skier to finish in the super giant race.
Hainan Airlines

Hainan Airlines is an airline from the People's Republic of China. The airline started in October 1989. It is the 4th biggest airline in China.
Nicholasville, Kentucky

Nicholasville is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Hamza River

The Hamza River (Portuguese: Rio Hamza) is a recent discovery. Under the ground in the Amazon area is a huge slowly moving waterway. This slowly flowing aquifer in Brazil is about long. It is nearly below ground level. Its discovery was announced in 2011. The Hamza "river" and the Amazon River are a twin-river system flowing at different levels of the Earth's crust.
Description
The Hamza and the Amazon are the two main drainage systems for the Amazon Basin. The reported flow rate of the Hamza, at about per second, is 3% of the Amazon's. It runs west to east, some below the Earth's surface, and follows roughly the path of the Amazon River. The Hamza empties in the Atlantic Ocean, deep under the surface. Its own water has a high salt content.
It flows from the Andean foothills to the Atlantic coast in a nearly west-to-east direction like the Amazon River. Seismic data and temperature variation with depth measured in 241 inactive oil wells helped find the aquifer.
Except for the flow direction, the Amazon and the Hamza have very different characteristics. The most obvious ones are their width and flow speed. While the Amazon is to wide, the Hamza is to in width. But the flow speed is in the Amazon and less than speed in the Hamza.
Geology
Several geological factors have played a vital role in the formation and existence of these subterranean water bodies. Water has worn away calcium carbonate rocks far under the ground. Water drops to great depths. East-west trending faults and the karst topography may have some role in supplying water to the "river".
The 153 km-long underground river in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, and the 8.2 km-long Cabayugan River in the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park in the Philippines have come into being thanks to the karst topography. Water in these places has dissolved the carbonate rock to form extensive underground river systems.
Druk

The Druk (or Dzongkha: 'brug-) is a dragon that appears on the flag and coat of arms of Bhutan. It is an important national symbol that represents the country's identity and mythology.
In Bhutanese culture, the Druk is often associated with thunder and lightning, and is considered to be a powerful and benevolent creature. According to legend, the Druk was the emblem of the founder of Bhutan, the Tibetan saint and ruler, Ngawang Namgyal.
The Druk on the Bhutanese flag is depicted holding jewels that represent the wealth and prosperity of the country. Its white color represents purity and loyalty, while the snarling mouth symbolizes the strength and courage of the Bhutanese people. The overall design of the flag, which features a yellow and orange background, is said to represent the colors of Buddhism and the country's position between India and China.
Overall, the Druk is an important symbol of Bhutanese identity and cultural heritage, and is deeply ingrained in the country's history and mythology.
Volvo C30

Volvo C30 is a car produced by Volvo since 2006. It was officially unveiled at the 2006 Paris Motor Show. It went on sale in mid-2006 in Europe as a 2006 model. Then it went on sale in Canada in March 2007 as a 2007 model, before finally going on sale in the United States in October 2007 as a 2008 model.
Beit She'an

Beit She'an ( ), also known as Beisan ( ), and historically known as Scythopolis (Skuthopolis in Ancient Greek) is a city in the Northern District of Israel. It is known for its location near the Jordan River Valley and the Jezreel Valley.
Shafiqa Quraishi

Shafiqa Quraishi is an Afghan activist for women's rights. In 2010, she received the International Women of Courage Award.
Life
Shafiqa Quraishi graduated from the police academy in Kabul in 1982. In 2002, she started to rise inside the police department, after the fall of the Taliban.
Quraishi did not work from 1996 until 2001. Because of the Taliban in Afghanistan, women could not work.
Work
In 2010, Quraishi became a police colonel and the director of Gender, Human and Child Rights in the Ministry of the Interior of Afghanistan.
In 2011, Quraishi became Afghanistan's most senior policewoman.
Quraishi started a group on the Afghan National Gender Recruitment Strategy. The goal of the group is to get 5,000 women to work in the Ministry of the Interior.
She also worked to help women with child care, health care, maternity care, security, and skills training. Quraishi got promotions for women in the Afghan National Police who were unfairly passed over for years.
Awards
In 2010, Quraishi won the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.
We (Cyrillic)

"We" is a letter from the Cyrillic alphabet. It looks and sounds exactly like the Latin letter "W" (comparison: W w).
Ballum

Ballum is a village on the western half of the island of Ameland and the smallest of the total of four villages on the island. It is on an island in the north of the Netherlands.
It also holds Ameland airport in the northwest of Ballum.
The village has a population of 350.
People from Ballum
Eelke Bakker, oldest living man in the Benelux. Died 2020, aged 109.
The Journal News

The Journal News is an American newspaper in New York State serving the New York counties of Westchester, Rockland, and Putnam, better known as the Lower Hudson Valley. It is owned by Gannett.
Munevera Zulfikarpašić

Munevera Zulfikarpasic, born Gavrankapetanovic (19181999), was a distinguished Bosnian and Sarajevan master of pharmacy. She was born in Ljubuski and died in Sarajevo.
She was:
the first academically educated Bosniak woman with the degree of Master of Pharmacy
among the first Bosnian-Herzegovinian pharmacists certified for the preparation of galenic preparations, and
the first Bosniak woman with active participation in international scientific and expert conferences in the field of pharmacy.
Munevera Zulfikarpasic finished elementary and high schools in Sarajevo and graduated from the Faculty of Pharmacy at University of Zagreb, 1942. The Pharmacy Exam passed in 1948, when she was promoted to "Pharmacy Health at the Level of master of pharmacy".
Supergroup

A supergroup is a musical group whose members are successful as solo artists or as members of other successful groups. The term became popular in the late 1960s for when members of already successful rock groups to recorded albums together, after which they normally disband. Charity supergroups, in which prominent musicians perform or record together in support of a particular cause, have been common since the 1980s. The term is most common in rock and pop music, but it has occasionally been applied to other musical genres. For example, opera superstars The Three Tenors (Jose Carreras, Placido Domingo, and Luciano Pavarotti) have been called a supergroup.
A supergroup sometimes forms as a side project for a single recording project or similar purposes, with no intention that the group will remain together afterwards. In other instances, the group may become the primary focus of the members' career.
Criticism
In 1974, a Time magazine article titled "Return of a Supergroup" said that the supergroup was a "potent but short-lived rock phenomenon" which was an "amalgam formed by the talented malcontents of other bands." The article acknowledged that groups such as Cream and Blind Faith "played enormous arenas and made megabucks, and sometimes megamusic", with the performances "fueled by dueling egos." However, while this "musical infighting built up the excitement ... it also made breakups inevitable."
History
Rolling Stone editor Jann Wenner credited British rock band Cream, which came together in 1966, as the first supergroup. Eric Clapton, formerly of rock band The Yardbirds and blues rock band John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers; Jack Bruce, formerly of jazz/rhythm and blues band the Graham Bond Organisation (GBO) and John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers; and Ginger Baker, formerly of the GBO, formed the band in 1966, recorded four albums, and disbanded in 1968. Guitarist Clapton and drummer Baker went on to form Blind Faith, another blues rock supergroup which recruited former the Spencer Davis Group and Traffic singer, keyboardist, and guitarist Steve Winwood and Family bassist Ric Grech. The group recorded one studio album before disbanding less than a year after formation. Also in 1968 Jack Bruce joined the Tony Williams Lifetime, composed of bassist and vocalist Bruce, and three famous Miles Davis alumni: drummer Tony Williams, guitarist John McLaughlin, and keyboardist Khalid Yasin (ne Larry Young).
The term may have come from the 1968 album Super Session with Al Kooper, Mike Bloomfield, and Stephen Stills. The coalition of Crosby, Stills & Nash (later Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young) in 1969 is another early example, given the success of their prior bands (The Byrds, Buffalo Springfield, and The Hollies respectively).
Oona Chaplin

Oona Castilla Chaplin (born 4 June 1986) is a Spanish-British actress. Her best known roles are Talisa Maegyr in the HBO TV series Game of Thrones, The Crimson Field and the series Taboo.
She is the daughter of actress Geraldine Chaplin, the granddaughter of the English filmmaker and actor Charlie Chaplin, and the great-granddaughter of the American playwright Eugene O'Neill.
1986 FIFA World Cup

The 1986 FIFA World Cup was a football sporting event that was held in Mexico in 1986. 24 national teams took part. Argentina won the trophy after beating Germany in the final. Diego Maradona was the best player of the tournament.
Participants
Africa
Algeria (ALG) * Squad
Morocco (MAR) * Squad
Asia
Iraq (IRQ) * Squad
Korea Republic (KOR) * Squad
Europe
Belgium (BEL) * Squad
Bulgaria (BUL) * Squad
Denmark (DEN) * Squad
England (ENG) * Squad
France (FRA) * Squad
West Germany (FRG) * Squad
Hungary (HUN) * Squad
Italy (ITA) * Squad
Northern Ireland (NIR) * Squad
Poland (POL) * Squad
Portugal (POR) * Squad
Scotland (SCO) * Squad
Soviet Union (URS) * Squad
Spain (ESP) * Squad
North and Central America
Canada (CAN) * Squad
Mexico (MEX) * Squad
South America
Argentina (ARG) * Squad
Brazil (BRA) * Squad
Paraguay (PAR) * Squad
Uruguay (URU) * Squad
Results
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Ranking of third-place teams
Starting with the 1994 World Cup, teams were awarded three points for a win rather than two, to encourage more offensive tactics. Had those rules been in place, Hungary would have finished ahead of Bulgaria for the 15th seed, and Uruguay would have been eliminated. The top four teams qualified for the knockout stage.
Communes of the Orne department

The following is a list of the 505 communes of the Orne departement, in France.
Dreuil-lès-Amiens

Dreuil-les-Amiens is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Life of the Party (movie)

Life of the Party is a 2018 American comedy movie directed by Ben Falcone and written by Falcone and Melissa McCarthy. It is the third movie directed by Falcone and co-written by the pair, following Tammy (2014) and The Boss (2016).
The movie, starring McCarthy, Molly Gordon, Gillian Jacobs, Maya Rudolph, Julie Bowen, Matt Walsh, Debby Ryan, Adria Arjona, Jessie Ennis, Stephen Root, and Jacki Weaver.
It is about a newly divorced mother who returns to college to complete her degree, and ends up bonding with her daughter's friends.
It is produced by On the Day Productions and New Line Cinema. The movie was released on May 11, 2018, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It has made $49 million worldwide and received mixed reviews from critics.
Casio

is an electronics company whose headquarters are in Tokyo, Japan. Its products include calculators, mobile phones, cameras, musical instruments and watches. It was founded in 1946, and in 1957 released the first electric compact calculator.
Gallery
Poekilopleuron

Poekilopleuron (meaning "varied ribs") is a megalosauroid dinosaur. The genus has been used under many different spelling variants, although only one, Poekilopleuron, is valid. The type species is P. bucklandii (see also Megalosaurus), named after William Buckland, and many junior synonyms of it have also been erected. Few material is currently known, as the holotype was destroyed in World War II, although many casts of the material still exist.
Discovery and naming
Poekilopleuron is a genus of theropod with a long and complex history. The genus was first named and described by Jacques-Amand Eudes-Deslongchamps in a report published in 1836, based on holotype material that is now destroyed. In 1837, Eudes-Deslongchamps published a more detailed account of this discovery in a monograph which was also inserted next year in volume 6 of the "Memoires de la Societe Linneenne Normandie".
The holotype, which was housed in Musee de la Faculte des Sciences de Caen and destroyed during World War II, included gastralia, phalanges, a left forelimb, caudal vertebrae, chevrons, ribs and a hindlimb. Of all the material, few is still preserved, although the gastralia, phalanges and forelimb were casted.
In the same 1836 publication, Eudes-Deslongchamps also named the type species of Poekilopleuron, P. bucklandii. Eudes-Deslongchapms noted similarities with some material of Megalosaurus bucklandii and Poekilopleuron, and chose the species name bucklandii for Poekilopleuron, so that it the two genera were synonymized, only the genus name would be suppressed. The generic name is derived from Greek poikilos, poikilos, "varied", and pleuron, pleuron, "rib", a reference to the three types of rib present. The specific name, honouring William Buckland, was deliberately identical to that of Megalosaurus bucklandii.
London and North Eastern Railway

The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) was the second-largest of the "Big Four" railway companies created by the Railways Act 1921 in Britain. It existed from 1 January 1923 until nationalisation on 1 January 1948, when it was divided into the new British Railways' Eastern Region, North Eastern Region and partially the Scottish Region.
City Thameslink railway station

City Thameslink is a National Rail station in the City of London. The southern entrance is on Ludgate Hill near Ludgate Circus. The northern entrance is on Holborn Viaduct. Both of the station's platforms are underground. The station is on the Thameslink route.
History
The station opened on 22 May 1990, however it was called St Paul's Thameslink until 1991. Many changes have occurred on the lines near the station since. The station was improved in 2010, and is ready for trains of up to 12 cars.
Services
All services are run by Thameslink.
Stanley Williams

Stanley "Tookie" Williams III (December 29, 1953 - December 13, 2005) was an American murderer and co-founder of a street gang, the Crips. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1959, he moved to Los Angeles, California, where in 1970 he stole a car, for which he was convicted and sent to juvenile hall. He and Raymond Washington (1953-1979) founded street gang the Crips in 1971 in Los Angeles. Williams shot four people dead in Los Angeles in 1979 during robberies he committed. The events were caught on film by surveillance cameras. Later that year he was convicted of four counts of first degree murder and two counts of robbery. He was sentenced to death and was executed by lethal injection at San Quentin State Prison, California.
The Moises Padilla Story

The Moises Padilla Story is a 1961 Filipino biographical drama movie directed by Gerardo de Leon and starring Leopoldo Salcedo, Joseph Estrada, Lilia Dizon, Max Alvarado, Rosa Aguirre, Robert Arevalo.
Church's Texas Chicken

Church's Texas Chicken is a restaurant franchise that specializes primarily in fried chicken, but also sells french fries, mashed potatoes and biscuits. It was founded in San Antonio on April 17, 1952. Its headquarters are in Sandy Springs, Georgia. Church's is the 4th largest fried chicken franchise in the United States, the largest being Kentucky Fried Chicken.
Co-franchising
By the mid-to late-1990s, Church's Chicken and hamburger chain White Castle announced their co-franchise, in which both companies would sell their own separate products while operating in some shared restaurant spaces with some shared personnel. In Canada, Church's Chicken items were once available in Harvey's restaurants, but the co-venture was discontinued.
Frank McLaughlin (artist)

Frank McLaughlin (March 18, 1935 - March 4, 2020) was an American comics artist. He co-created the comic book character Judomaster, drew the comic strip Gil Thorp, and helped create such strips as Brenda Starr, Reporter and The Heart of Juliet Jones. He also wrote and illustrated books about cartooning and comic art. He was born in Stratford, Connecticut.
McLaughlin died on March 4, 2020 at a hospital in Milford, Connecticut at the age of 84.
Edgefield, Louisiana

Edgefield is a village in Red River Parish, Louisiana, United States. it is a rural suburb of Coushatta. it is the least populous municipality in Red River Parish.
Five Nights at Freddy's (series)

Five Nights at Freddy's is an American horror multimedia franchise created by Scott Cawthon, which began with the eponymous 2014 video game.
The original game (Five Nights at Freddy's), was followed by the sequels Five Nights at Freddy's 2 (2014), Five Nights at Freddy's 3 (2015), Five Nights at Freddy's 4 (2015), Sister Location (2016), Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator (2017), Ultimate Custom Night (2018), Help Wanted (2019), Security Breach (2021)''Security Breach RUIN (2023)
The franchise has been expanded into four spin-off series, Five Nights at Candy's, One Night at Flumpty's, The Joy of Creation, Popgoes; Into Madness, an upcoming AAA game; Five Nights at Freddy's Plus, an upcoming remake of the first game; Special Delivery, a mobile game; novels, comic books, short films, a television series; Freddy & Friends: On Tour!, and an upcoming film of the same name, comprising an all-encompassing fictional universe. The franchise maintains an active fanbase, known for its production of fan art and fangames, and merchandise for the games is available internationally. A horror attraction based on the franchise was featured in The Fright Dome for Halloween in 2016, and it also appeared in Guinness World Records 2017: Gamer's Edition, where it set a record for the largest amount of sequels released in a year.
New Durham, New Hampshire

New Durham is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States.
Mathematics Genealogy Project

The Mathematics Genealogy Project is a web-based database for the academic information of mathematicians. It contains information on many mathematical scientists who contributed to research-level mathematics (Mathematics higher than graduate level). The project entry includes PhD course graduation year, PhD thesis title, alma mater, doctoral advisor, and doctoral students.
Biofuel

Biofuel is fuel from recently lifeless or living biological material. It is different to fossil fuels from long dead biological material. Biofuel can be in forms of solid, liquid or gas.
Biofuels are usually used to power cars, heat homes and for cooking. Biofuel companies are mainly from Europe, Asia and the Americas. Technologies developed at the Los Alamos National Lab even allows pollution to be converted into renewable biofuel. Agrofuels are biofuels that are produced from specific plants, rather than from waste processes such as landfill or recycled material.
There are two common ways to convert plants into gas and liquid fuels. One is to grow crops that are high in sugar (e.g. Sugar cane) or starch (e.g. corn), and then use yeast to ferment ethyl alcohol (ethanol). The second is to grow plants that contain high amounts of vegetable oil, such as palm oil, soybean and algae. When these oils are heated, their viscosity is reduced, and they can be burned directly in a diesel engine, or chemically processed to produce fuels such as biodiesel. For thousands of years, Wood and its by-products have been converted into biofuels such as charcoal, wood gas, methanol or ethanol fuel. It is also possible to make cellulosic ethanol from non-edible plant parts, but this can be expensive.
Solid biomass is also used. Firewood has been used for thousands of years. Many materials such as wood and grasses can be dried and pelletised and burnt, and this can be used to produce power.
Tiger Woods

Eldrick Tont "Tiger" Woods (born December 30, 1975) is an American professional golfer. His achievements, which include winning 70 tournaments on the PGA Tour, including 14 major championships, make him the best golfer of all time.
Early life
Woods was born in Cypress, California. His parents Kultida (Tida) (born 1944) and Earl Woods (1932-2006). He is the only child of their marriage. He does have two half-brothers, Earl Jr. (born 1955) and Kevin (born 1957) and a half-sister, Royce (born 1958) from the 18-year marriage of Earl Woods and his first wife, Barbara Woods Gray. Earl, a retired lieutenant colonel and Vietnam War veteran, was of mostly African-American, as well as Caucasian and possible Native American and Chinese ancestry. Kultida (nee Punsawad), originally from Thailand (where Earl had met her on a tour of duty in 1968), is of mixed Dutch, Chinese and Thai ancestry. He refers to his ethnic make-up as "Cablinasian" (a syllabic abbreviation he coined from Caucasian, Black, American Indian and Asian).
Personal life
He is brought up as a Buddhist from childhood.
On February 23, 2021, Woods was involved in a serious car accident in Rancho Palos Verdes, California. He suffered from multiple leg injuries and had surgery for non-life threatening injuries.
Metamorphism

Metamorphism, in geology, is the change of the structure, texture, or composition of rocks. (an aggregation of solid matter composed of one or more of the minerals forming the earth's crust).
The scientific study of rocks is called petrology.
Rocks are commonly divided, according to their origin, into three major classes--Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. They are caused by the effects of heat, deforming pressure, shearing stress, hot/chemically active fluids, or a combination of these. All of these changes occur while the rock remains essentially in the solid state. In theory, rocks are formed when the things surrounding them are in equilibrium with ambient physical conditions. If the conditions are changed by movements in the earth's crust or by igneous activity, metamorphism occurs to reestablish equilibrium and changes the physical character of the rock mass.
Field Spaniel

The Field Spaniel is a mid-sized spaniel dog. They were first developed to be show dogs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries because they were not as good at hunting as their cousins the English Springer Spaniels and Cocker Spaniels. Later in the 20th century they were bred to have longer legs and became good gun dogs.
Colour
They are coloured either brown or black and might have white marks on their chest.
Temper
They can make good family pets and are usually good at being around children.
Numbers
They are now (2021) thought to be a rare breed but their numbers are starting to grow.
Metz-en-Couture

Metz-en-Couture is a commune. It is in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department. This in the north of France.
Sandra Bullock

Sandra Annette Bullock (; born July 26, 1964) is an American-German movie actress. She became famous in the 1990s, after roles in successful movies, including Speed and While You Were Sleeping. After that, she became a very respected actress, especially after 2004 movie Crash. She is the 14th richest female celebrity with a fortune of around $85 million. She filed for divorce from her husband in April 2010 after reports of unfaithfulness by him.
Early life
Sandra Annette Bullock was born in Arlington, Virginia, which is a suburb of Washington, D.C. Her parents are called John Bullock and Helga Meyer, and she has a sister called Gesine. Sandra's mother was German, and Sandra spent lots of time in Germany when she was a child. She went to Washington-Lee High School and was a cheerleader. She went to East Carolina University. She then moved to New York City to try to become an actress.
Acting
Sandra Bullock first appeared in some TV movies, such as "Hangmen" and "Bionic Showdown". She also appeared in the movies "Love Potion No. 9" and "Demolition Man", which were quite successful movies. She then appeared in "Speed" and "While You Were Sleeping", which made her famous. She then starred more successful movies like "Miss Congeniality", "Two Weeks Notice", "Crash" and "The Lake House". Recently, she starred in the movies "The Proposal" and "The Blind Side". She received an Academy Award for her role in "The Blind Side".
Personal life
Sandra Bullock has been in relationships with Tate Donovan, Matthew McConaughey and Ryan Gosling. She then married Jesse James in 2005, but divorced him in 2010 after reports that he cheated on her.
Bullock has one son, a boy named Louis Bardo Bullock. She adopted him in 2010.
Rajneesh K. Mishra

Dr. R. K. Mishra is a laparoscopic and robotic surgeon from India. He is commonly known as Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Mishra. Mishra has authored and co-authored many scientific publications. In his publications, he has highlighted innovative surgical approaches, advancements, and outcomes in Minimal Access Surgery. He is a member of the Society of Gastrointestinal Laparoscopic Surgeons (SAGES). He is also the president of the International College of Robotic Surgeons. Also, he is the chief editor of the World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery. Mishra is also a founding member of the (CRSA) Clinical Robotic Surgery Association's Indian chapter.
Works published
Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for the treatment of acute appendicitis
Optimum shadow-casting illumination for endoscopic task performance
The Impact of the learning curve in laparoscopic surgery
Role of OT table height on the task performance of minimal access surgery
History of minimal access surgery
Changing role of laparoscopy in the management of patients with cirrhosis
Critical view of safety technique during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in prevention of biliary injuries
Laparoscopic tissue approximation techniques
Complications of laparoscopic surgery
Minimal Access Surgery Educational Needs of Trainees from Africa: Perspectives from an Asian Training Institution.
Different techniques of tissue retrieval from abdominal cavity during minimal access surgery
Study of port site complications in laparoscopic surgeries
Minimally invasive surgical techniques vs open myomectomy for treatment of uterine fibroids
Laparoscopic Hernia Repair
Textbook of practical laparoscopic surgery
Textbook of Laparoscopy for Surgeons and Gynecologists
Is There an Ideal Port Position for Laparoscopic Urological Procedures?
Comparison of PMAT camera holder with human camera holder
Comparison between Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and mini-gastric bypass in patients of developing countries
Comparing extracorporeal knots in laparoscopy using knot and loop securities
Utilization of Laparoscopic Surgery in Cirrhosis of the Liver
Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) inguinal hernia repair-recent clinical experiences of this novel technique.
Johannes de Villiers Graaff

Johannes de Villiers Graaff (also known as Jan de Van Graaff or Jannie Graaff; 19 February 1928 - 6 January 2015) was a South African neoclassical welfare economist. He was a former chairman of Nedbank. Graaff was known for his work on optimal savings rates and contributions to the creation of the social welfare function.
Graaff graduated from the University of Cape Town and then went on to complete his PhD in economics at St John's College, Cambridge in 1950.
On 30 June 1951, he married Lillian Clare Thomson, daughter of Sir George Paget Thomson. They had six children.
He was the youngest son of Sir David Graaff, 1st Baronet. His eldest brother is Sir De Villiers Graaff, 2nd Baronet.
Graaff was one of South Africa's most active and accomplished mountaineers, pioneering mountain climbing routes in East Africa and the Himalayas.
He died on the 6 January 2015 in Kenilworth, Cape Town, aged 86.
Magstadt

Magstadt is a municipality in Boblingen in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. It is between Renningen and Sindelfingen.
Tanning bed

A tanning bed is a device that emits ultraviolet radiation to give people a tan (make their skin darker). Like the sun, a tanning bed can also cause a sunburn if the person stays in too long. There are many kinds of tanning beds, but most look like the one in the photo.
History
Tanning beds became popular in Europe and America because of the work of Friedrich Wolff around 1979. He patented his design and charged others to use his ideas. His company, "Wolff Systems" does not build the tanning beds, they research and design for the tanning lamp. Some of the early adopters of the Wolff technology include ETS, Inc., SCA, Sun Industries, Inc., Montego Bay, Sunal. Later, Friedrich sold Wolff Systems to his brother Jorg Wolff, who was the founder of Cosmedico, Ltd., another pioneer in the tanning industry.
Design
Tanning beds use a special fluorescent lamps (16 to 32 per tanning bed) that creates visible light and ultraviolet light. Like all fluorescent lights, they use a ballast system to limit the electricity going to each lamp, which is most often 100 watts per lamp. The tanning beds use a special acrylic, or clear shield over the lamps. Most clear plastics will block ultraviolet, but this special type of plastic lets most of the ultraviolet light pass through. Most tanning beds also have a cooling fan system, to cool the electronics inside the tanning bed and keep it from getting too hot. All tanning beds have a timer, a device to limit the amount of time the person is exposed to the ultraviolet light. After a few minutes, the timer makes the bed turn off.
Benefits and risks
Unlike the sun, tanning beds do not help the body produce vitamin D as their bulbs emit mostly UVA light. The human body needs UVB light to produce vitamin D. Both the sun and tanning beds can damage your skin if you stay exposed for too long. Getting too much UV, or many sunburns can cause skin cancer, including melanoma, which can be deadly. There is a lot of controversy due to the risks. Most countries have many laws and rules that regulate tanning beds.
Pollieu

Pollieu is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Phoksundo Lake

Phoksundo Lake is a fresh water lake in Nepal. It is located in Shey Phoksundo National Park of Nepal. It is at the height of above sea level. The size of this lake is and it holds water.
Ion Plus

Ion Plus is an American TV network owned by Ion Media. It operated as a network available through an antenna or cable TV until February 28, 2021. The network originally launched in 2007 as Ion Life. The network featured home decoration, health, cooking, and travel shows. In 2019, Ion Media converted the network into a general entertainment format that matched that of parent network Ion Television, mainly showing crime drama shows. It then became Ion Life.
Under new ownership by the E. W. Scripps Company, the channel stopped being broadcast on February 28, 2021, as the new company preferred to bring over networks it already owned. Ion Plus and Qubo continues but is only available through smart TV services on television sets made by Vizio and Samsung and other free streaming services like The Roku Channel and Amazon Freevee.
Henk ten Cate

Henk ten Cate (born 9 December 1954) is a former Dutch football player.
Indigo

Indigo is a shade of blue, more specifically, purplish blue or dark blue.
Isaac Newton named and defined indigo as a spectrum color when he divided up the spectrum into the seven colors of the rainbow. The spectral range of indigo is between 450 and 420 nanometers.
The name of the color indigo originally came from the indigo plant. Indigo is a dye made from the indigo plant, used to dye cloth. Indigo dye also is used to dye denim cloth, which is used to make what are called blue jeans (they should really be called indigo jeans). This shade of indigo is called indigo dye.
The indigo plant originally came from the nation of India. The Ancient Greek language word for the dye is indikon. The Romans used the term indicum, which passed into Italian dialect and eventually into English as the word indigo.
These things are colored indigo:
some grapes
night sky in the mid-evening
blueberries
some small clams
some eggplants
Jenna Rose's jeans
Meaning of indigo
Indigo represents religion, spirituality, sorcery and intuition.
In the Hindu religion, indigo represents the sixth chakra.
Indigo was also the name of a character from the famous toy line, Rainbow Brite.
Artres

Artres () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 1,051 people lived there.
Ab urbe condita

Ab urbe condita is a way to measure time.
Origin
The phrase is Latin. It literally means from when the city was founded. The city talked about is the city of Rome. This way of measuring time was not used in Classical antiquity. The first to have used it was the historian Orosius, about 400 AD.
History
Marcus Terentius Varro found out that the city of Rome was founded 440 years after the fall of Troy. Romulus and Remus founded it. Varro thought that was in the spring of 753 BC.
Marcus Porcius Cato Censorius thought that Rome was founded one year after the 7th Olympic Games. That would have been in 752 BC.
Other works
Ab urbe condita is also the main work of Titus Livius, a Roman historian.
Laventie

Laventie is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Discovery Kids (Canadian TV channel)

Discovery Kids was a Canadian English language specialty television channel owned by Corus Entertainment and Discovery Communications.
It was a Canadian version of the U.S. channel of the same name (now known as Discovery Family), which aired children's programming oriented towards nature, science, and technology subjects. It was aimed at kids aged four to eight.
Tha Carter II

Tha Carter II is Lil Wayne's fifth solo album.
The album has been certified Platinum by the RIAA in the U.S. with sales of 1 million copies.
Mole Attack

Mole Attack is a video game version of the mechanical arcade game Whac-A-Mole. Commodore published it in 1981 for the Commodore VIC-20 and the PC-8001.
Gameplay
Moles appear from 9 holes. The player has 60 seconds to hit as many moles as they can with a hammer. A joystick or the keyboard can be used.
Boyd Holbrook

Robert Boyd Holbrook (born September 1, 1981) is an American actor and fashion model. He is known for his roles in Milk, Out of the Furnace, Run All Night, A Walk Among the Tombstones, and Gone Girl, and starred as DEA Agent Steve Murphy in Netflix series Narcos.
Buckley

Buckley ( ) is a town and community in Flintshire, north-east Wales, from the county town of Mold.
Buckley is the second largest town in Flintshire in terms of population. At the 2011 Census, its community had a population of 15,665. When the contiguous Argoed community is included, Buckley has a population of 21,502.
Prime Minister of France

The Prime Minister of France is the person who controls the government of France day-to-day. They are appointed by the President of France.
The current Prime Minister of France is Elisabeth Borne. She was given the job by President Emmanuel Macron on 16 May 2022.
Gosei (competition)

For other uses, see Gosei.
The is a Japanese competition event for expert players of Go. It is also the title which is earned by the winner of the competition.
Romanian Television

Televiziunea Romana (TVR) is the national television system of Romania. It is made up of many channels (important channels of TVR : TVR1, TVR2, TVR3, TVR Cultural and TVR Info). It broadcasts most official and important international events. It started in the year 1956.
1433

Events
Winter: Much of the English town of Alnwick in Northumbria burnt by Scottish a raiding party.
The Ming dynasty in China disbands their navy, altering the balance of power in the Indian Ocean, making it easier for Portugal and other Western naval powers to gain dominance over the seas.
Easton, Massachusetts

Easton is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States.
Maui Taylor

Maui Ann Taylor (born June 28, 1983) is Filipino actress, YouTuber, model, and celebrity influencer. She was a member of Viva Hot Babes, a sexy all-girls group created by Viva Entertainment in the 2000's.
Family life
Maui has been together with her partner, Anton Sabarre, for more than a decade now. They have two children together: Antoine and Mateo Sabarre.
Bitlis

Bitlis is a city in eastern Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia Region. In 2020, 70,344 people lived there.
Jason Epstein

Jason Wolkow Epstein (August 25, 1928 - February 4, 2022) was an American editor and publisher. In 1950, he began working for Doubleday. In 1958 Epstein left Doubleday to join Random House where he was editorial director until his retirement in 1999. In 2004, he co-founded On Demand Books.
Epstein died on February 4, 2022, at his home in Sag Harbor, New York from congestive heart failure at the age of 93.
Jay McGraw

Jay Phillip McGraw (born September 12, 1979) is an American writer and television producer. He has written books for young people and is president and CEO of Stage 29 Productions. He is the son of Dr. Phil McGraw and is the executive producer of his father's television show Dr. Phil.
Early life
Jay McGraw was born in Wichita County, Texas on September 12, 1979, to Dr. Phil McGraw and his wife Robin.
Career
McGraw is president and CEO of Stage 29 Productions in Los Angeles, a company he started with his father. He is the host of Renovate My Family, which aired on Fox. He is executive producer of the television series The Doctors.
Personal life
McGraw married Playboy model Erica Dahm at his parents' home in Beverly Hills on August 12, 2006.
Sir David's long-beaked echidna

Sir David's long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus attenboroughi), also known as the cyclops long-beaked echidna, is one of three species of the genus Zaglossus. All of them are found in New Guinea. It is named after Sir David Attenborough. It lives in the Cyclops mountains in Papua province of Indonesia near the cities of Sentani, Jayapura.
The species was described from a single damaged animal, which was collected in the Dutch colonial era (c. 1961). It has not been collected since that time. The Cyclops mountain forest habitat has been disturbed recently. This has raised concern that Z. attenboroughi populations may already be endangered or even locally extinct. However, many parts of the mountains are covered in thick jungle and have not been searched since 1961. It is possible that the animal still exists there or in nearby mountain ranges. In 2007 scientists found holes which they believe were made by the echidna poking its nose into the dirt while looking for earthworms.
It is the smallest member of the genus. It is closer in size to the short-beaked echidna than other members of the genus. It has five claws on its fore and hind feet. It has dense short fur.
Saint-Martin-de-Crau

Saint-Martin-de-Crau is a commune. It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France.
Gylfi Einarsson

Gylfi Einarsson (born 27 October 1978, in Reykjavik) is an Icelandic football player.
Rich Hill, Missouri

Rich Hill is a city in Bates County, Missouri, United States.
Verneil-le-Chétif

Verneil-le-Chetif is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Phoenix Hong Kong Channel

Phoenix Hong Kong Channel is one of the six channels that Phoenix Television operates. It was launched on 28 March 2011.
Trey, Vaud

Trey is a municipality in the district Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Epistle to the Galatians

The Epistle to the Galatians (or Galatians) is the forty-eighth book in the Bible (and ninth in the New Testament), written by the Apostle Paul. The book was written to the people of Galatia, a part of modern day Turkey, with whom Paul had earlier preached and founded the congregation in their area.
It is not known for sure, but most believe that the book was written around 57 A.D. One of the curious verses in the letter is where Paul says "See with what large letters I am writing this in my own hand". (Chapter 6, verse 11). This is understood to mean that normally Paul used a secretary to write down as he spoke his letters. However he wanted the Galatians to be sure it was he himself that was the author of the letter they would receive so he wrote a few lines himself. Some believe he had poor eyesight and so had to write with "large letters".
Content
Paul's letter is to settle an important question of that day. It is if the gentile Christians must first join the Jewish religion and keep the Law of Moses. Paul says that the gentile Galatians do not need to keep the old Laws such as the need for circumcision, which is the removal of some skin around the male sex organ, done by Jews and Muslims as an act of religious obedience to God. Paul says that this is no longer important since Jesus has come. Paul says it is not good that the community has turned from the gospel (Chapter 1, verses 6-10) He says there is only one gospel and one way of being saved through faith in Christ and that adding to that makes it another gospel. He talks about his early life as a Jew, (Chapter 1, verses 13-14), how he met Christ, often called the conversion of Paul, (Chapter 1, verses 15-16), and his early work (Chapter 1 verses 17-24). He tells about meeting with the other Christian leaders in Jerusalem as reported in Acts chapter 15, verses 2:1-10. He says that they agreed with him that the gentiles did not need to be become practicing Jews first. In Chapter 2 he tells about a meeting with Peter where he told Peter that he was not acting properly towards the gentile Christians by not eating with them. Then he says that Jews, like Gentiles, are not made right with God by keeping the old Law but by trusting in what Jesus did for them when He died on the cross. Later in the book he tells that the Law was given to show us how sinful we are so that we would see the need for forgiveness. He says that when we love others we have fulfilled the true meaning of the Law. He writes that when we have faith, God sends the Holy Spirit who helps us live a good life and keep from bad things. He gives a list of those bad and good actions. (Chapter 5)
Importance
The Epistle to the Galatians has been very important in the history of Christianity, the development of Christian theology, and the study of the apostle Paul.
The book contains some of the most known Bible teachings, such as that all have need of salvation (Galatians 3:28-29), and the Fruits of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23).
We Are Number One

"We Are Number One" is a 2014 song from the Icelandic children's television series LazyTown. It was composed by Mani Svavarsson. The song was seen in the twelfth episode of the show's fourth season. The episode was called "Robbie's Dream Team", which is the 103rd episode overall.
The song gained popularity in September 2016, when a remix was uploaded onto the YouTube channel SiIvaGunner, where many memes and parody videos have been uploaded since.
The song also became popular in the aftermath of Stefan Stefansson having announced that he had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
The official music video has over 47 million views on YouTube as of 22 August 2018. It is the most viewed video of the LazyTown YouTube channel.
A petition was set up to have Stefansson perform the song to represent Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest, receiving over 12,000 signatures. The petition wanted him to participate in the 2017 edition.
Mithridates VI Eupator

Mithridates VI Eupator (135-63 BC) (Greek: Mithradates) was king of Pontus during the Mithridatic dynasty. The Hellenistic kingdom was based in ancient Anatolia. He is known as Mithridates the Great or Mithridates the Poison king.
He reigned from 120 BC to 63 BC.
Charles Umpherston Aitchison

Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison (1832 - 1896), was a British Indian administrator. He was Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab from 1882 to 1887. He was of Scottish origins.
He is specially remembered today for founding the Aitchison College, Lahore (now in Pakistan) in 1886. He also played an important role in supporting the earlier establishment of the University of the Punjab in 1882, on the recommendation of Dr Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner.
Aitchison later also was Chief Commissioner of the British Crown Colony of Burma from 1878 to 1880.