kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Virgin Galactic

Virgin Galactic is a spaceflight company founded by the English billionaire Richard Branson in 2004.
Flights
In May 2021 one of the company's spaceplanes took people into space.
On 11 July 2021, Richard Branson and three employees were passengers on a flight, up to an altitude of 86 km (53 mi); the flight had two pilots. However, the rocket plane Unity flew outside restricted airspace; That happened for 1 minute and 41 seconds. The Federal Aviation Administration allowed [any] SpaceShipTwo rocket plane to fly again [from] September 2021, after deciding to expand (or make larger) the restricted airspace around the vehicle's flight range.
In May 2023, the company's fifth spaceflight happened.
In June 2023, the rocket plane Unity was in space for 13:50 minutes. It came to a distance from Earth of 85 km (52 mi), and top speed was Mach 2.88. Galactic 01 is the name of the flight.
In August 2023, the rocket plane Eve was in space. It came to a distance from Earth of 88 km (55 mi). Galactic 02 is the name of the flight. Six people were onboard: the chief, the pilot, 3 tourists and an instructor for those space tourists.
The Girl with a Hatbox

The Girl with a Hatbox () is a 1928 Soviet silent comedy movie directed by Boris Barnet. It stars Anna Sten, Vladimir Mikhailov, and Vladimir Fogel.
Johnson, Vermont

Johnson is a town in Lamoille County, Vermont, United States.
Nick Jr. (Latin American TV channel)

Nick Jr. is a cable television channel in Latin America. It is owned by Paramount Global subsidiary Paramount Networks Americas. The channel is for preschool children.
The Nick Jr. channel has the same programs as the Nick Jr. block on Nickelodeon. It also has some programs that were shown on the block in the past. These include Team Umizoomi and Bubble Guppies.
History
The block was added in the early 2000s as a programming block airing on Nickelodeon's Latin American channel. On July 1, 2008, Nick Jr. was launched as a channel in the region. In 2010, Nick Jr. Latin America changed to its logo.
Finnish paganism

Finnish paganism was a pagan religion in Finland and Karelia before the Finnish people were Christian. Finnish paganism is close to Scandinavian paganism and Baltic paganism. The Finns believed that there were many gods.
Finnish paganism was animistic. This means that people believed nature was full of small and big spirits. The biggest spirits were gods who had names, the god of the sky was Ukko, the god of the forest was Tapio and the god of water was Ahti. There were many other spirits known by specific names.
A Shaman was a wise person who could perform magic. With the help from spirits, he could heal ill people and curse enemies.
Humans had a soul that was divided. "Self" and "me" were two different parts of the soul. If one's "self"-soul left him, he was not dead, but very ill. A Shaman could go to the spirit world to bring the soul back.
The Bear was considered a holy animal. If a bear was hunted down, he or she was celebrated with a ritual called Peijainen, usually a big celebration involving food and drink. The purpose of the ritual was to pacify the soul of the bear. A happy soul would then be reincarnated into another bear, so that people could eat bears in the future. The swan was a holy bird and people believed that killing a swan would cause the killer to die.
Some trees and stones were holy to Finns, along with some forests. These places were often used to offer gods or spirits a sacrifice sacrifice. The sacrifice was gift intended to make the spirit happy. This spirit would then help humans. For example, a happy spirit of the sea would guarantee a plentiful catch for a fisherman. At later times things that were given to spirits were small, such as: money, flowers, pieces of silver, alcohol or food.
The Finns believed that Earth was flat like a disc. Above Earth was sky-dome, a pot that was upside down. In the middle of the Earth was a pillar holding the sky, so that it did not drop. The North star was a nail in the top of this pillar. Land of the dead, Tuonela, was under Earth. The way to Tuonela was at the base of pillar that holds the sky. The rotational movement of the pillar caused a great whirl of water at the base of the pillar called Kinahmi and this could be used as access way to Tuonela.
People hoped that their dead relatives would go to Tuonela, because they did not like ghosts. However some times dead relatives were asked to help living people. Sometimes shamans went to Tuonela to ask souls for help.
Pharoah Sanders

Pharoah Sanders (born Farrell Sanders; October 13, 1940 - September 24, 2022)
was an American jazz saxophonist.
Saxophonist Ornette Coleman once called him as "probably the best tenor player in the world."
In 1968 he participated in Michael Mantler and Carla Bley's Jazz Composer's Orchestra Association album The Jazz Composer's Orchestra, featuring Cecil Taylor, Don Cherry, Larry Coryell and Gato Barbieri.
Sanders died on September 24, 2022, at his home in Los Angeles at the age of 81.
Sulmona

Sulmona (; ; ) is a city and comune of the province of L'Aquila in Abruzzo, Italy. It is in the Valle Peligna, a plateau once occupied by a lake that disappeared in prehistoric times. In the ancient era, it was one of the most important cities of the Paeligni and is known for being the native town of the Roman poet Ovid, of whom there is a bronze statue, located on the town's main road and named after him.
Seinen manga

Seinen manga are Japanese comics for young men. There are also seinen anime. Much the same way that shonen is meant for boys up to about high school age, seinen is meant for men older than high school age. It's basically the next male demographic.
Seinen manga and anime have a very wide range of stories. Seinen can be almost anything that's intended for men over 18 years of age. Action, comedy, drama and even hentai can all be called seinen.
1990 United States Census

The Twenty-first United States Census was done by the Census Bureau. The population of the United Stateswas 248,709,873. This was an increase of 9.8 percent from the 1980 Census.
About 16 percent of households received a "long form" of the 1990 census. It had over 100 questions. It was the first census to have "Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander" as a racial group separate from Asians.
Jaberg

Jaberg is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Collier's Encyclopedia

Collier's Encyclopedia (full title: Collier's Encyclopedia with Bibliography and Index) was a United States-based general encyclopedia. It was published by Crowell, Collier and Macmillan. It said it was "a scholarly, systematic, continuously revised summary of the knowledge that is most significant to mankind". Many people believed it was one of the three major contemporary English-language general encyclopedias, together with Encyclopedia Americana and Encyclopaedia Britannica. They three were sometimes collectively called "the ABCs".
Creola, Louisiana

Creola is a village in Grant Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Ismail Petra of Kelantan

Sultan Ismail Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Yahya Petra (11 November 1949 - 28 September 2019) was the Sultan of Kelantan, Malaysia from 30 March 1979 until 13 September 2010. He was replaced by his son, Tengku Muhammad Faris Petra, as Sultan Muhammad V.
Sultan Ismail Petra died on 28 September 2019 at 8:11 am at the Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, aged 69.
Xenophon

Xenophon (c. 430 - 354 BC), also known as Xenophon of Athens, was a Greek historian, soldier, mercenary, philosopher and a contemporary and admirer of Socrates. He is known for his writings on the history of his own times, the 4th century BC. He preserved the sayings of Socrates, and descriptions of life in ancient Greece and the Persian Empire.
His most famous book was the Anabasis, about the escape of Greek mercenaries after they fought for Cyrus the Younger, a pretender to the throne of Persia.
2017–18 Russian Premier League

The 2017-18 Russian Premier League (Russian: Chempionat Rossii po futbolu 2017/2018, Chempionat Rossii po futbolu 2017/2018) was the 16th Russian Premier League season, and the 26th top division football tournament. It was played from 15 July 2017 to 13 May 2018. Spartak Moscow were the defending champions, but Lokomotiv Moscow won the tournament.
Table
Relegation play-offs
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Because Amkar Perm was dissolved when the season ended, Anzhi Makhachkala were allowed to stay in the Premier League. Yenisey Krasnoyarsk will be promoted to the Premier League for the first time in the team's history.
Amur Oblast

Amur Oblast () is a federal subject of Russia. Specifically, it is an oblast. It is on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The administrative centre (capital city) of the oblast is Blagoveshchensk. Blagoveshchensk is one of the oldest cities in the Russian Far East. It was founded in 1856. It is a center of trade and gold mining. Two major railways run through Amur Oblast. These are the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 830,103.
Amur Krai () or Priamurye () were unofficial names for the Russian territories by the Amur River. They were used in the old Russian Empire.
Geography
Amur Oblast is in southeast Russia. It is between the Stanovoy Range in the north and the Amur River in the south. It borders the Sakha Republic in the north, Khabarovsk Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the east, Chinese Heilongjiang in the south, and Zabaykalsky Krai in the west.
Several mountain ranges rise to the south of Stanovoy Range. This includes the Selemdzha Range parallel to it, as well as the Ezop, Yam-Alin, and the Turan ranges.
Many rivers flow through the oblast, mainly in the north. This gives 75% of the hydropower resources in the Russian Far East. Most of the oblast is in the Amur River's drainage basin. The longest rivers in Amur Oblast include the Amur, Bureya, Gilyuy, Nyukzha, Olyokma, Selemdzha, and Zeya.
Natural resources
Amur Oblast has large reserves of many mineral resources. The proven resources are estimated to be worth US$400 billion. Some of the most important are gold (the largest amounts in Russia), silver, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, iron, and tin. There are also an estimated 70 billion tons of black coal and lignite reserves.
History
The region has been home to many Mongolic peoples and the Manchus for millennia. It was settled by Russians through the 17th-19th centuries to the present. This growth of Russians was at its height during the building of the Trans-Siberian Railroad and after it was built.
In April 1920, the Far Eastern Republic was created from the Amur, Transbaikal, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Primorye regions as a buffer state. It was created to prevent war with Japan. The Far Eastern Republic joined the RSFSR in November 1922. Amur Oblast was created in 1948.
Administrative divisions
The largest urban divisions of the oblast are Blagoveshchensk, Belogorsk, Svobodny, Tynda, and Raychikhinsk.
Demographics
Population:
According to the 2010 Census, ethnic Russians, at 775,590, made up 94.3% of the population. Other main ethnic groups include Ukrainians at 16,636 (2%), Belarusians at 4,162 (0.5%), and Tatars at 3,406 (0.4%). The rest of the residents identified with over 120 different ethnic groups. Each of these smaller ethnic groups made up less than 0.5% of the population.
Largest cities and towns
Economy
Gross regional product per capita in 2007 was 131,039.60 rubles, while the national average was 198,817 rubles.
1872

1872 was a leap year in the 19th century.
Events
Levi Strauss invents jeans.
American department store Montgomery Ward opens for business.
Huntington's disease is defined for the first time.
Tanlay

Tanlay is a commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Alingsås Municipality

Alingsas Municipality () is a municipality in Vastra Gotaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Alingsas.
33rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)

33rd Street is a station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 33rd Street and Park Avenue in Murray Hill, Manhattan.
It is served by the 6 train. After this station, the next stations will be Grand Central 42nd Street and 28th Street.
Mauro Bellugi

Mauro Bellugi (; 7 February 1950 - 20 February 2021) was an Italian footballer who played as a defender. He played for Italy national team from 1972 to 1980.
Death
Bellugi died in Milan from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy on 20 February 2021, thirteen days after his 71st birthday.
TANS Perú Flight 204

TANS Peru Flight 204 was a flight that crashed on August 23, 2005 near the Peruvian city of Pucallpa. 40 of the 98 people on board were killed.
The accident was the fifth most serious in August 2005, a dark month for commercial aviation, which also included, among others, the tragedies of Helios Airways Flight 522 and West Caribbean Flight 708.
Accident
Flight 204, carried out in a Boeing 737, left Lima's Jorge Chavez International Airport at 2:24 p.m. for a 53-minute flight to Pucallpa. At 14:52, the crew began the descent to the Pucallpa airport.
At that time, the weather conditions began to worsen, preventing a visual approach from being made. Conditions continued to worsen, however the pilots continued with the maneuver. Suddenly the plane entered a heavy hailstorm that caused the pilots to lose situational awareness and fail to abort the maneuver.
The plane finally crashed and split in two in the middle of the jungle at 15:09, just 5 kilometers from the airport.
40 of the people on the plane died. On board the aircraft were 73 Peruvians, 11 Americans, 4 Italians, 2 Brazilians, 1 Colombian, 1 Spanish and 1 Australian.
In television
Flight 204 has been the subject of a Reader's Digest story and an MSNBC documentary. The Canadian TV series, Air Crash Investigation, has also produced an episode about the accident named "Lack of Vision".
Pierre Monteux

Pierre Monteux (born Paris, 4 April 1875; died Hancock, Maine, 14 July 1964) was a French-born conductor who later became an American citizen. He was one of the great conductors of his time.
Life
Monteux was born in Paris and started to learn the violin when he was six. When he was nine he learned at the Paris Conservatoire. When he was twelve he conducted an orchestra in Paris with the pianist Alfred Cortot as soloist. He played in orchestras, and was the principal of the viola section in the first performance of Debussy's opera Pelleas et Melisande. He started to conduct some of the concerts in the series Concerts Colonne.
Monteux also played his viola in chamber music. He played a string quartet by Brahms with the composer in the audience.
Monteux soon became famous as a conductor. He conducted the orchestra for Diaghilev's Ballet Russes, conducting the first performances of Stravinskys 'Petrouchka, Rite of Spring as well as Ravel's Daphnis et Chloe and Debussy's Jeux. These were some of the greatest ballets of the 20th century.
In 1916 Monteux went to the USA and conducted the French operas at the Metropolitan Opera. In 1920 he moved to Boston, conducting many new works by Debussy, Chausson, Darius Milhaud and others. In 1924 he became assistant conductor at the Concertgebouw Orchestra, Amsterdam. He started the Orchestre Symphonique de Paris in 1929, and also a school for conducting, the Ecole Monteux, in Paris. Later he continued this teaching in his American home in Maine. Neville Marriner and Andre Previn were two of his pupils.
In 1936 he became conductor of the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra. He stayed with this orchestra until 1952. He made this orchestra internationally famous. In 1942 he became an American citizen. In the 1950s he often conducted the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
Monteux continued to conduct until shortly before his death at the age of 89. In 1961 he was appointed chief conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra for 25 years, although he did not live long enough to fulfil this. He conducted this orchestra in 1963 in a performance of the Rite of Spring, fifty years after he had conducted the first performance.
Monteux's conducting
Monteux always prepared his work very carefully. He was not a conductor who liked to show off. He rehearsed his orchestras thoroughly, and conducted with small gestures. Although he made gramophone recordings, he did not like recordings. He preferred concerts with a live audience. He received many honours, including the Legion d'honneur and the Knight of the Order of Oranje Nassau.
Sant'Antonino, Haute-Corse

Sant'Antonino () is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica. It is one of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France.
Second inauguration of Andrew Jackson

The second inauguration of Andrew Jackson as the seventh president of the United States took place in the House chamber of the U.S. Capitol on Monday, March 4, 1833.
The inauguration was the beginning of the second term of Andrew Jackson as President and the only term of Martin Van Buren as Vice President.
Jackson was sworn in by Chief Justice John Marshall. This was the first inauguration for which two inaugural balls were held.
History of Estonia

The first known settlement in Estonia of hunters and fishermen is the Bull settlement by the Parnu river about 11,000 years ago.
During the Bronze Age there were larger permanent settlements, some with fortifications and there was local metal working. Long distance trade by sea was happening by the second half of the 1st millennium.
Northern Estonia belonged to Denmark in the 14th century. The cities belonged to the Hanseatic League. Richer people spoke Low German, but people in the country spoke Estonian.
Wars swept over the country at the end of the Middle Ages:
Livonian War (1558-1583)
Swedish-Polish Wars (1600-1629)
Russo-Swedish War (1656-1661)
Northern War (1700-1721)
From 1720 to 1917 Estonia was part of the Russian Empire, but it was mostly run by Baltic Germans. They owned most of the land and businesses, controlled the serfs, and dominated all the cities.
There was a brief independence in 1917 after the start of the Russian revolution. In 1918 the Red Army invaded. The Estonian War of Independence was ended in February 1920. The Treaty of Tartu was signed by the Republic of Estonia and the Russian SFSR.
Hey Little Girl

"Hey Little Girl" is a 1982 song by Australian new wave band Icehouse and is the second single from their second studio album Primitive Man. It went to number 2 in Switzerland, number 7 in Australia and number 9 in Austria and New Zealand.
Track listing
All tracks written by Iva Davies.
Destroy All Humans! (2005 video game)

Destroy All Humans! is a video game developed by Pandemic Studios and published by THQ. It was released for the Xbox and PlayStation 2 game consoles. The game is set in 1950s U.S. and parodies the lifestyles, pop culture, and politics of this time period. The player controls Cryptosporidium 137, a member of the Furon race of aliens, who has come to Earth to harvest DNA from humans to continue the cloning process of his species. Destroy All Humans has gameplay similar to the Grand Theft Auto series.
Sequels
A sequel called Destroy All Humans! 2 was released in October 17, 2006, and also Destroy All Humans! Big Willy Unleashed has released on February 25, 2008. Exclusive on Nintendo Wii.
2005 video games
Destroy All Humans!
Mexico (state)

The state of Mexico is one of the administrative divisions of the country of Mexico. It is one of 32 administrative divisions. It is in the centre of the country. It borders Hidalgo, Queretaro, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Michoacan, Morelos and Guerrero as well as Mexico City. The capital of the state is Toluca. Its biggest city is Ecatepec de Morelos, which borders Mexico Federal district. Teotihuacan is also in this state. It is about 21.355 km2 in surface. About 14 million people live there as of 2005.
James Freeman Gilbert

J. Freeman Gilbert (August 9, 1931 - August 15, 2014) was an American geophysicist. He was best known for his work with George E. Backus on inverting geophysical data and also for his role in establishing an international network of long-period seismometers.
Early life
Gilbert was born in Vincennes, Indiana. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Awards
Gilbert received many honors, including the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1981; the William Bowie Medal in 1999; and the Medal of the Seismological Society of America in 2004.
Later years and death
In his later years, Gilbert travelled throughout the world with his wife, Sally Gilbert. He died after being injured in a car accident in Southern Oregon on August 15, 2014. He was 83 years old.
M58 motorway

The M58 is a motorway in North West England. It links Liverpool to the M6 near Wigan. The motorway is about long.
Blind-baking

Baking blind is the process of baking a pie crust or other pastry without the filling. Blind baking a pie crust is important when it will be filled with an unbaked filling (such as with pudding or cream pies). Blind baking can also be used if the filling has a shorter baking time than the crust. Blind baking is also used to keep pie crust from becoming soggy because of a wet filling.
Cadgwith

Cadgwith is a village and fishing cove in Cornwall, United Kingdom. The village is on The Lizard Peninsula.
Fishing is the main industry in the village. Seafood, such as crabs, lobsters and many different types of fish, are very important to the village.
Ikasuri Shrine

Ikasuri Shrine, also known as Zama jinja, is an important Shinto shrine in the center of Osaka, Japan. Its annual festival takes place on April 22. In the past, it was considered an imperial shrine of the second rank or kanpei-chusha (Guan Bi Zhong She ). It was also the main shrine of the former Settsu Province. The shrine honors five deities, known as ikasuri no kami or zama no kami: Ikui no kami (the god of life), Sakui no kami (the god of prosperity), Tsunagai no kami (the god of connection), Hahiki no kami (the god of waves), and Asuha no kami (the god of safety).
Kai Wiedenhöfer

Kai Wiedenhofer (born 3 March 1966 Schwenningen) is a German photojournalist. He won a 2009 Carmignac Photojournalism Award, 2010 Brandenburg Photography Art Prize, and 2016 Carl von Ossietzky Medal.
Life
He studied at Folkwang University of the Arts. He received a 2002 W. Eugene Smith Grant.
From 2003 to 2006, he covered the Israeli West Bank barrier. In 2008, he covered Northern Ireland.
Blenny

A blenny is a member of a large order of teleost fish called the Blenniiformes. The suborder has about 900 species in 151 genera.
Blennies are generally small fish. They have long bodies (some almost eel-like), and relatively large eyes and mouths. Their dorsal fins are continuous and long. The pelvic fins have a single embedded spine, and are short and slender. The tail fin is rounded.
The blunt heads of blennies often have whisker-like structures called cirri. As generally benthic fish, blennioids spend much of their time on or near the sea floor.
They are quite similar in form to some gobies.
John Fraser (actor)

John Alexander Fraser (18 March 1931 - 7 November 2020) was a Scottish actor and author. He was best known for his roles in The Good Companions (1957), The Trials of Oscar Wilde (1960), El Cid (1961), Repulsion (1965) and Isadora (1968).
Vanlay

Vanlay is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
Zainab bint Muhammad

Zainab bint Muhammad () (598/599--629 CE), was the eldest daughter of Muhammad and Khadija bint Khuwaili. Zainab was born in 600 AD, in the 5th year of Khadija's marriage, and died in 8 AH, 629 AD, at the age of 30.
Fernando Cardenal

Fernando Cardenal Martinez (26 January 1934 - 20 February 2016) was a Nicaraguan Jesuit and liberation theologian. He served as Minister of Education from 1984 to 1990, during the Sandinista era. His brother, poet Ernesto Cardenal, also a Catholic priest, served as Minister of Culture from 1979 to 1987. He was born in Granada, Nicaragua.
Cardenal died in Managua from heart failure on 20 February 2016. He was aged 82.
Ageville

Ageville is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Haute-Marne department in northeast France.
Mertingen

Mertingen is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Albert Lohner. The Roman Via Claudia Augusta was built nearby.
Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror or simply The Terror was a period of about 11 months during the French Revolution, led by Maximilien de Robespierre. During this time, French people who did not support the revolution were executed at the guillotine.
The Reign of Terror was announced on 5 September, 1793. A Revolutionary Tribunal decided who would be killed. This happened more and more often in June and July of 1794, a period called la Grande Terreur (The Great Terror). On 17 July 1794, sixteen nuns attracted much attention by singing a religious song as they were being executed for treason. The Terror ended ten days later, when several important leaders of the Reign of Terror were executed, including Saint-Just and Robespierre. The Terror took the lives of between 18,500 to 40,000 people.
Robespierre died due to the Thermidorian Reaction against the Jacobins, by being executed with the guillotine. This was a revolt against the revolution otherwise called a counter-revolution. Robespierre was one of the last to be guillotined, after the 21 followers.
Chassagne-Saint-Denis

Chassagne-Saint-Denis is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Southern Province, Zambia

Southern Province is a province in Zambia. The capital is Choma. Until 2011, the capital was Livingstone. Victoria Falls is located along that boundary.
Florida Governor's Mansion

The Florida Governor's Mansion (also called The People's House of Florida) is a historic U.S. residence and is the official residence of the governor of Florida and the state's first family.
It is located at 700 North Adams Street, Tallahassee, Florida. It has been the residence of every governor of the state since Thomas LeRoy Collins in 1956. In July 2006, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
Polyp

Polyps are one of two forms of the cnidarians. The other body form is the medusa. Polyps have a vase-shaped body with tentacles around the mouth opening.
Polyps may be sexual or asexual. They can all reproduce asexually by budding. In some species, the polyps can also reproduce sexually.
When medusae mate, the result may be polyps, when polyps replicate, the result may be medusae. The details vary between species. Some species are polyps all the time (such as Hydra, and the whole of the class Anthozoa (corals and anemones).
In many cases the asexual buds formed do not separate from the parent but remain, thus forming colonies or 'stocks'. These may reach a great size, and contain a vast number of individuals. Slight differences in the method of budding produce great variations in the form of the colonies. The reef-building corals are polyp-colonies, strengthened by the formation of a firm skeleton.
Jellyfish (class Medusozoa) have two distinct life history stages (body forms) during their life cycle. The first is the polyp stage. Often, this polyp is attached to the sea floor, or to another hard surface. A polyp that lives that way is called sessile.
In the second stage, the tiny polyps asexually produce jellyfish, each of which is known as a medusa. Tiny jellyfish swim away from the polyp and then grow and feed in the plankton. Jellyfish reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey is a large and famous Anglican church in Westminster, London. It is the shrine of Edward the Confessor and the burial place of many kings and queens. Since it was built it has been the place where the coronations of Kings and Queens of England have been held. The present structure dates from 1245, when it was started by Henry III.
The status of the Abbey is that of a Royal Peculiar. This means it is place of worship that falls directly under the jurisdiction of the British monarch, rather than under a bishop. The concept dates from Anglo-Saxon times, when a church could ally itself with the monarch and therefore not be subject to the bishop of the area. Technically speaking, it is not a cathedral, though it is regarded as one in practice.
One of the most famous tombs at Westminster Abbey is that of the Unknown Warrior.
Westminster Abbey and its small parish church, St Margaret's, form a UNESCO World Heritage site, which also includes Westminster Palace.
Coronations
Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the Abbey. Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne because the French prince Louis (later Louis VIII) had taken control of the city. So the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral, but this coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the Abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the cleric in the coronation ceremony.
King Edward's Chair (or St Edward's Chair), is the throne on which British sovereigns sit when the crown is put on their heads. It is kept in the Abbey, and has been used at every coronation since 1308. From 1301 to 1996 (except for 1950 when it was briefly stolen by Scottish nationalists), the chair also housed the Stone of Scone upon which the kings of Scotland are crowned. Although the Stone is now kept in Scotland, at future coronations the Stone will be returned briefy to St Edward's Chair for the moment of coronation.
Centre of learning
Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century.
Noteworthy
The Abbey contains the Westminster Retable, the oldest known panel painting altarpiece in England. It was painted in the 1270s by some of the Plantagenet court painters, probably for the High Altar. It was probably donated by Henry III of England as part of his Gothic redesign of the Abbey. The painting survived only because it was incorporated into furniture between the 16th and 19th century and much of it has been damaged beyond restoration. According to one specialist the "Westminster Retable, for all its wounded condition, is the finest panel painting of its time in Western Europe".
The Abbey contains "the oldest door in Britain".
Na'vi

The Na'vi are a fictional indigenous species that live on the fictional world of Pandora in the movie Avatar. They look like humans. They have two eyes, ears, arms, and legs. They also have a nose, a mouth, and expressions that are similar to humans. The Na'vi are different because they have blue skin, pointed ears, huge eyes, and tails. They are also taller than humans. They have a smaller body frame. At the beginning, the Na'vi were meant to be more alien in their looks. Director James Cameron said that in the first drawing of the main character, "Neytiri", she had fins, gills, and cat-like features. The species was changed to look more like humans. This was so audiences could relate (feel closer and empathise) to them better. Cameron said that Avatar was more "science fantasy" than true science fiction. He said that he would explain in the novel why the Na'vi look like humans.
According to Entertainment Weekly, "The Na'vi can commune with animals on their planet by literally plugging their ponytails into the creatures' nerve systems. To become a warrior, a Na'vi must tame and ride a creature known as Ikran." The Na'vi also use this system to mate with a "life partner". They make a bond that cannot be broken in the Na'vi's lifetime.
The Na'vi language is a constructed language. It was made for the movie to be spoken by the actors when they played Na'vi characters. The Na'vi language was made by linguistics professor Paul Former of the University of Southern California. Frommer made the language so it could be spoken by human actors. It uses syntax and grammar from real languages. The professor made up over 1,000 words for the Na'vi language. He taught the actors who played Na'vi characters to speak it for the movie.
Mandolin

The mandolin is a musical instrument, which literally means, a small soprano member of the lute family. It is played by hitting its strings and sounds similar in tone of a violin or a hammered dulcimer. The most common type of mandolin, which was first designed in Naples, has eight strings. It has a body made of wood and a fingerboard which has frets.
Cappeln

Cappeln is a municipality in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 7 km southeast of Cloppenburg.
Flag of Northern Cyprus

The flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) () has a red crescent and a star between two horizontal red stripes on a white background.
Donald Wuerl

Donald William Wuerl (born November 12, 1940) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
He was Archbishop of Washington, D.C. from 2006 to 2018. He was promoted by Pope John Paul II to be Auxiliary Bishop of Seattle (1986-1987), and Bishop of Pittsburgh (1988-2006).
He was named Archbishop of Washington by Pope Benedict XVI and made a cardinal by him in 2010.
Wuerl was criticized for how he handled sexual abuse cases during his time in Pittsburgh in 2018. Wuerl has denied mishandling the cases.
On October 12, 2018, Pope Francis accepted his resignation as Archbishop of Washington. He remains a member of the College of Cardinals, eligible to vote in a papal election until November 2020. Wilton Daniel Gregory will replace him.
Franny Beecher

Francis "Franny" Beecher (September 29, 1921 - February 24, 2014), also known as Frank Beecher, was an American country, jazz, and rock musician. He was the lead guitarist for Bill Haley & His Comets from 1954 to 1962. He was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania.
Beecher died from natural causes on February 24, 2014 at a nursing home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was aged 92.
Tram Iv Tek

Tram Iv Teuk (November 30, 1948 - June 1, 2021) was a Cambodian politician. He was the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications from 2016 until 2020. From 2003 until 2008 and from 2018 until his death, he was a member of the National Assembly.
Tram died on June 1, 2021 at the age of 72.
Briscoe County, Texas

Briscoe County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 1,435 people lived there. The county seat is Silverton.
Electric Gardens

Electric Gardens Festival, sometimes called Electric Gardens, 'EGFestival', 'EGFest', or 'EG', is a medium sized music festival at Mount Ephraim, Faversham in Kent. The festival happens on a weekend in early August.
The first time the festival took place was in 2006. There are plans to hold the festival every year.
The Myspace bus
A bus was parked at the festival, by Myspace. The bus was used for the music players to meet people. Free gifts and information are also given from here.
Line ups by year
2006
Main stage
Saturday
Southern Fried Records Stage
Audio Bullys
Armand Van Helden
Cassius (DJ set)
Cagedbaby
Grandadbob
Touche
Nathan Detroit
Sunday
The Charlatans
Morning Runner
The Automatic
The Young Knives
The Fratellis
The Boy Least Likely To
The Long Blondes
Other stages
Saturday
Archie Bronson Outfit
The Elegant Bachelors
Audio Bullys
Layo & Bushwaka!
Armand Van Helden
Stanton Warriors
Plump DJs
Caged Baby
Soho Dolls
Grant Dee
Mezza Breaks
Cassius
Veto Silver
Marcus Wallis
Touche
Warren Suicide
Nathan Detroit
Paul Arnold
Chew The Fat!
Bröckel

Brockel (pronounced with a long o) is a municipality in Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It belongs to the collective municipality of Flotwedel with its seat in Wienhausen.
Geography
Brockel 9s southeast of Celle. The River Fuhse, which separates Brockel from the neighbouring parish of Uetze flows past about two kilometers south of the village.
Parish divisions
The parish contains the hamlets of Katzhorn and Weghaus.
Transport
Brockel is on the B 214 federal road which runs around the village on a bypass.
Richard Nunns

Richard Anthony Nunns (1945 - 7 June 2021) was a Maori traditional musician. He was known for playing taonga puoro and his works with Hirini Melbourne.
He made recordings with musicians such as Moana and the Moahunters, the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra, the New Zealand String Quartet, King Kapisi, and Salmonella Dub.
Samuel Brittan

Sir Samuel Brittan (29 December 1933 - 12 October 2020) was an English journalist and author. He was the first economics correspondent for the Financial Times. He was a member of the Academic Advisory Council of the Global Warming Policy Foundation. He was born in London. In 1961, Brittan was appointed economics editor at The Observer until 1964 and in 1965 was appointed as an advisor at the Department of Economic Affairs.
Brittan died on 12 October 2020 in London at the age of 86.
Sitting Bull

Sitting Bull (about 1831 - December 15, 1890), real name Tatanka Yotanka, was the chief of a Native American tribe called Hunkpapa-Lakota-Sioux. At the age of about 14, Slow participated in a war party against the Crow (warriors).
At the age of 10, however, he killed his first buffalo.
He was a very important chief and fought for the freedom of Native Americans. He fought with Crazy Horse and Big Foot at the Little Bighorn River against General George A. Custer and won. They are the most deadly tribe.
He was killed by Red Tomahawk, a police sergeant, during an attempt to arrest him.
Adisumarmo International Airport

Adisumarmo International Airport () is an airport in Boyolali Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. It is located 14 km north of Surakarta city. It is the main airport of Boyolali and Surakarta and the surrounding area, also known as Solo Raya.
The airport also was an alternative airport to Adisutjipto International Airport in Yogyakarta during a disaster, such as during the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake and the 2010 Mount Merapi eruption.
Carlos Marín

Carlos Marin Menchero (13 October 1968 - 19 December 2021) was a Spanish baritone. He was a member of the classical crossover group Il Divo.
Marin died from problems caused by COVID-19 on 19 December 2021, in Manchester, England at the age of 53.
NGC 6302

NGC 6302, also known as the bug nebula or the butterfly nebula, is a planetary nebula in the constellation of Scorpius. It is about 3.4 thousand light-years away from Earth.
The spectrum of NGC 6302 shows that its central star is one of the hottest stars in the galaxy. Its surface temperature is over 250,000 degrees Celsius. This means the star from which it formed must have been very large.
The central star, a white dwarf, was only recently discovered by the upgraded Wide Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope.
The star now has a mass of about 0.64 solar masses. It is surrounded by a dense disc of gas and dust. This dense disc may have caused the star's outflows to form a bipolar structure like an hour-glass. This bipolar structure shows many interesting features seen in planetary nebulae such as ionization walls, knots and sharp edges to the lobes.
Jimmy Snuka

James William "Jimmy" Reihsnukks (May 18, 1943 - January 15, 2017) was a Fijian semi-retired professional wrestler. He is better known by his ring name, Jimmy "Superfly" Snuka. His first match was in 1967. Snuka is one of the most remembered wrestlers, along with Hulk Hogan, Ted DiBiase, and more. His daughter Tamina Snuka currently works for the WWE. His son Jimmy Snuka, Jr. also worked for the company.
As of March 2013, he no longer wrestles although he still makes appearances now and again. In August 2015, his wife announced that Snuka was diagnosed with stomach cancer.
On September 1, 2015, Snuka was arrested and charged with third-degree murder and involuntary manslaughter in the 1983 death of his girlfriend Nancy Argentino at an Allentown, Pennsylvania hotel. The charges were dismissed in 2017, because of Snuka's terminal illness and dementia.
Snuka died of stomach cancer on January 15, 2017 in Pompano Beach, Florida, aged 74.
Championships
All Japan Pro Wrestling
World's Strongest Tag Team League (1981) (with Bruiser Brody)
Catch Wrestling Association
CWA British Commonwealth Championship (1 time)
Cauliflower Alley Club
Other honoree (1996)
Continental Wrestling Association
CWA International Tag Team Championship (one time) (with JT Southern)
Eastern Championship Wrestling
NWA ECW Heavyweight Championship (two times, Inaugural)one
NWA ECW Television Championship (one time)
Georgia Championship Wrestling
NWA National Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Terry Gordy)
International Wrestling Superstars
IWS United States Championship (one time)
Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling
NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Mid-Atlantic version) (one time)
NWA World Tag Team Championship (Mid-Atlantic version) (two times) (with Paul Orndorff (one) and Ray Stevens (one))
NWA All-Star Wrestling
NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship (Vancouver version) (one time) (with Don Leo Jonathan)
NWA Big Time Wrestling
NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (one time)
NWA Texas Tag Team Championship (one time) with Gino Hernandez
NWA Tri-State Wrestling
NWA Tri-State Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Pacific Northwest Wrestling
NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (five times)
NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (six times) with Dutch Savage
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2012
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Match of the Year (1982) (vs. Bob Backlund in a cage match on June 28)
PWI Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (1983)
PWI Tag Team of the Year (1980) (with Ray Stevens)
He was ranked #29 of the 500 best singles wrestlers by PWI during the "PWI Years" in 2003.
Universal Superstars of America
USA Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
USA Pro Wrestling
USA Pro New York Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
World Wide Wrestling Alliance
WWWA Heavyweight Championship (one time)
World Wrestling Federation
WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Tag Team of the Year in 1981 with Terry Gordy
Best Flying Wrestler in 1981
Best Wrestling Maneuver in 1981 and 1983 for the Superfly Splash.
Empire of Trebizond

The Empire of Trebizond was a Byzantine state on the Black Sea coast, formed as a result of the Fourth Crusade in 1204. It lasted until 1461 when it was conquered by Mehmed II. Ruled by the Megas Komnenos Dynasty, who were descendants of the Byzantine Komenos emperors. Empire was one of the three successor states after the Fourth Crusade along with the Empire of Nicaea and the Empire of Thessalonica. Its capital was the city of Trebizond (now Trabzon in Turkey), and its culture and politics were strongly related to Byzantine traditions.
MBB/Kawasaki BK 117

The MBB/Kawasaki BK117 is a twin-engine, lightweight helicopter designed and built in Germany and Japan. It has both civilian and military uses. To 1992 it was built by Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm and Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Later, it was built by Eurocopter and Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Some were built under licence in Indonesia as NBK117. Eurocopter EC145 is a newer type of BK117, but without a Japanese partner.
Bibliography
Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et helicopteres militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Lariviere editions, 1999. .
Frawley, Gerard, The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003 . London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
Sarmenstorf

Sarmenstorf is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Tor Obrestad

Tor Obrestad (12 February 1938 - 25 January 2020) was a Norwegian novelist, poet and documentary writer. He was born in Ha. He published his first two books in 1966. For these books, the poetry collection Kollisjon and a collection of short stories, Vind, Obrestad won Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris. He also wrote biographies on Arne Garborg, Hulda Garborg, Alexander Kielland and Einar Forde.
Obrestad died on 25 January 2020 in Naerbo. He was 81.
Richard Pearson (movie editor)

Richard Pearson (born 1961) is an American movie editor. He works for action movies. Pearson, with Clare Douglas and Christopher Rouse, received the BAFTA Award for Best Editing for United 93 (2006).
Race condition

A Race condition (also called race hazard) is a problem with the design of a system. With a race condition, the result of a calculation or the behaviour of the system as a whole is dependent on how long a certain calculation takes, or when it is started. Race conditions occur in logic circuits and computer software, especially with multi-threaded or distributed systems.
Example
It is often difficult to explain what a race condition is, but the metaphor of a horse race can be used as an explanation.
A computer program is like a horse race. The computer program does several things at the same time, similarly to how several horses run at the same time in a horse race. Each horse represents what is usually called a thread of execution. That way, one such thread may handle network communication, another one may be responsible for redrawing the user interface. In the case of a race condition, the application works properly if a given horse wins the race. For example, the application may work if horse number five wins, but it will crash if any other horse wins the race. One solution to the problem is to use synchronization. This is like several jockeys teaming up, to make sure horse number five is ahead.
On different computers, or in different situations, computers programs can run at different speeds. Sometimes, they will be faster, other times slower. This may mean that on some systems, the race condition will never show up, even though it may be easy to show it on others. Race conditions can be difficult to find. Bugs caused by race conditions are a frequent source of frustration within the profession of software development.
Seebensee

The Seebensee is a lake in Austria. It is at above the Ehrwalder Alm in Mieminger. It is in the east of Middle Tajakopf. The Seebensee has a drain on the Seebenbachfall and Geissbach in the Loisach. From Seebensee, people can climb up to Coburger Hutte. There is also a place for cows there.
Lythronax

Lythronax is an extinct genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur. It lived about 80 million years ago (mya) in what is now southern Utah. L. argestes is the oldest known tyrannosaurid based on its stratigraphic position.
Comparisons to its close relatives suggest that Lythronax would have been about long, with a weight of around and had a large skull filled with sharp teeth.
The rostrum is comparatively short: it makes up less than two thirds of the total skull length. The whole skull is very broad, 0.4 times as wide as long. Overall, the skull is similar to that of Tyrannosaurus and Tarbosaurus. Its robust jaws have two sizes of teeth: its first five teeth are much larger than the other six. Behind the skull, the rest of the skeleton is similar to that of other tyrannosaurids.
Saulges

Saulges is a commune of 328 people (2005). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. In Saulges, there is also a prehistoric canyon which is 1.8 million years old and 20 different prehistoric caves.
Bruce Hubbard

Bruce Hubbard (1952-1991) was an American operatic baritone singer. He is known for appearing in several productions of Show Boat and Porgy and Bess.
Hubbard was born in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1951.
Lamerd County

Lamerd County () is a county in Fars Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Lamerd.
At the 2006 census, the county's population was 76,971, in 16,602 families. The county is subdivided into three districts: the Central District, Eshkanan District, and the Alamarvdasht District. The county has four cities: Lamerd, Ahel, Alamarvdasht, and Eshkanan.
Lamerd was historically part of the region of Irahistan. The people of Lamerd are closely related to the Achomi people.
Point Pleasant, Ohio

Point Pleasant is a small unincorporated community in Clermont County, Ohio. It is the birthplace of the 18th President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant.
Piltene

Piltene is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1557.
Huttenheim

Huttenheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.