kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Numerator

In math, the top part of a fraction is called the numerator. If the line part of the fraction is flat, the numerator is on top. If the line part of the fraction is at a slant, the numerator is on the left. The lower part is called the denominator of the fraction. For example:
In the numerator is "3".
In the numerator is "76".
In the numerator is "(15+6)".
In (a + b) / 6c, the numerator is "(a + b)".
The numerator can be any real number, including zero. A proper fraction is where the top number is smaller than the bottom number. If the numerator is larger than the denominator, then it is called an improper fraction.
Metropolitan Tabernacle

The Metropolitan Tabernacle is a large Reformed Baptist church in the Elephant and Castle in London. It was Charles Spurgeon's church for many years.
History
The tabernacle fellowship dates to 1650 when the English Crown banned Christian denominations other than Puritanism. Membership grew when freedom of religion came to England in 1688. The present London Tabernacle church building dates to 1898, albeit with extensive repairs of damage caused by the Blitzkrieg raids on London.
José Luis Chilavert

Jose Luis Chilavert (born 27 July 1965) is a former Paraguayan football player. He has played for Paraguay national team.
Villiers-Vineux

Villiers-Vineux is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Potential National Hockey League expansion

The National Hockey League (NHL) has gone through many rounds of expansion and other organizational changes during its nearly 100-year history to reach its current number of thirty teams: twenty-three in the United States, and seven in Canada. On June 22, 2016 the NHL officially approved expansion to Las Vegas starting in the 2017-18 season. The new Las Vegas team was unveiled as the Vegas Golden Knights on November 22 of that year.
Sheldon S. Cohen

Sheldon S. Cohen (June 28, 1927 - September 4, 2018) was an American attorney. He was the Commissioner of Internal Revenue from 1965 to 1969 during the Lyndon B. Johnson administration. He was born in Washington, D.C..
Cohen died of heart failure on September 4, 2018, in Chevy Chase, Maryland at age 91.
Jefferson County, Montana

Jefferson County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 11,406 people. Its county seat is Boulder. The county was created in 1865 and named after Thomas Jefferson, the 3rd President of the United States (1801-1809).
COVID-19 pandemic in Chad

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Chad in March 2020.
On 19 March, Chadian authorities reported their first case, a Moroccan passenger who flew from Douala.
On 26 March, with three cases already reported, Chadian authorities reported two additional positive cases. The cases were a 48-year-old Chadian and a 55-year-old Cameroonian passenger on a 17 March Ethiopian Airlines flight from Dubai and Brussels, respectively, through Addis Ababa.
On 30 March, two more cases of COVID-19 were reported, a Chadian citizen from Douala and a Swiss citizen from Brussels.
On 6 April, Chad recorded its first case of local contamination, a 31-year-old Chadian who was in contact with another Chadian who had diagnosed positive.
Saint-Germain-sur-Renon

Saint-Germain-sur-Renon is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Metropolitan Tower (Chicago)

The Metropolitan Tower, owned by Metropolitan Properties of Chicago, is a skyscraper located at 310 S. Michigan Avenue in Chicago's East Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District in the Loop community area in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The size of the building is to .
Cool Jerk

"Cool Jerk" is a 1966 song by R & B band The Capitols. It went to number 7 in the United States and number 9 in Canada. It was used in the 1992 movie Home Alone 2: Lost in New York. It has been covered by new wave band The Go-Go's.
Rimont

Rimont is a village and commune in the Ariege departement of south-western France.
Matiari District

Matiari District () is in Sindh, Pakistan. The city of Matyari is the capital. The district is administratively subdivided into three talukhas:
Hala Tehsil
Matiari Tehsil
Saeedabad Tehsil
Wechingen

Wechingen is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany.
Aaliyah (given name)

Aaliyah is a female given name meaning "exalted one".
National park

A national park is a park or an area of land officially recognized and protected by a nation's government. National parks are often made to protect the animals that live inside them or the land itself. There are many National Parks in the world.
The first one established (in 1872) was the United States Yellowstone National Park. It was the first national park in the world. But the idea of protecting areas from human development was proposed years earlier. American painter George Catlin offered the idea during the 1830s.
An international organization, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has defined National Parks as its category II type of protected areas. The largest national park in the world meeting the IUCN definition is the Northeast Greenland National Park, which was established in 1974. According to the IUCN, there are about 7000 national parks worldwide (2010 figure).
Definitions
In 1969 the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) declared a national park to be a relatively large area with:
with one or more ecosystems (or ecological system) not much altered by humans. It should have plant and animal species, geology sites and habitats. These should be of special scientific, educative and recreative interest, or contain a natural landscape of great beauty.
the country has taken steps to prevent or eliminate exploitation or occupation in the area. They must enforce respect for its ecological, geomorphological or aesthetic features.
visitors are allowed to enter, under special conditions, for inspirational, educative, cultural and recreative purposes.
a minimum size of 1,000 hectares within zones where nature is protected
statutory (or legal) protection
a budget and staff to provide sufficient effective protection
no business use of natural resources (including the development of dams) except such activities as sport, fishing, the need for management, facilities, etc.
While national parks are generally understood to be administered by national governments (hence the name), in Australia national parks are run by State Governments and predate the Federation of Australia. Also in Japan, some of them called "Quasi-national Parks" (Guo Ding Gong Yuan ) are recognized by the government and managed by local governments.
Wanda Allan

Wanda Marie Allan-Parsons is an archer from Canada. Allan competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics. She was born on 24 January 1955.
Jim Krenn

James Anthony Krenn (born October 13, 1959) is an American comedian and radio personality, best known for his work on The DVE Morning Show on WDVE in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1988-December 6, 2011. Krenn and former partner Scott Paulsen provided most of the voices for the Nickelodeon stop motion animation series, Action League Now!.
Mersal (movie)

Mersal () is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language action thriller movie directed and co-written by Atlee. It was produced by Thenandal Studio Limited. The movie stars Vijay with S. J. Surya, Kajal, Samantha, and Nithya Menen. Vijay is playing a triple role in this movie for the first time.
Synopsis
The story revolves around two brothers in which one is a magician who avenges his father's death and medical crimes. Another is a reputed doctor who takes a small amount of money from his patients.
Cast
Vijay in a triple role as Vetrimaaran / Vetri / Dr. Maaran
Kajal Aggarwal as Dr. Anu Pallavi, Vetri's love interest
Nithya Menen as Aishwarya "Aishu" Vetrimaaran, Vetrimaaran's wife
Samantha as Tara, a media reporter
Vadivelu as Vadivu
S. J. Surya as Daniel Arockiyaraj, the antagonist
Sathyaraj as DC Rathnavel "Randy"
Kovai Sarala as Sarala
Hareesh Peradi as Arjun Zachariah, Anu Pallavi's dean head
Sathyan as Maniya, Rathnavel's assistant
Shivani Murali as Paapu, Anu Pallavi's friend
Rajendran as Health Minister
Yogi Babu as Nolan
Kaali Venkat as Poongodi's father
Devadarshini as a nurse
Surekha Vani as a nurse
Release
Mersal was released worldwide on 18 October 2017, which coincides with the Diwali festival. Before its release, the movie faced problems regarding title issues, and censorship because, the film refused to approve NoC from the Animal Welfare Board of India for the use of few animals without permission. As a result, Central Board of Film Certification refused approval for censorship. On 16 October 2017, the film received a U/A certificate from CBFC, with few cuts after receiving NoC from AWBI.
Reception
Mersal received positive reviews from critics. The Times of India gave the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and said "With Mersal, we have got this year's most engaging mass masala movie. When you have a mass hero in full form like Vijay is in the film, how can things go wrong?". The Indian Express also gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and said "Atlee has not just exploited Vijay's stardom to deliver a flamboyant crowd-pleaser (which he did in Theri already) but has fleshed out an interesting script that plays up the best onscreen traits of the actor".
Soundtrack
A. R. Rahman composed the soundtrack album and background score of Mersal, teaming up with Vijay for the third time, after his films Udhaya(2004), and Azhagiya Tamizh Magan (2007), and his first collaboration with Atlee. The lyrics for the film were written by Vivek, who also teams up with Rahman for the first time.
Infinitesimal model

The infinitesimal model or polygenic model is a way of understanding how traits are passed from parents to children using genes. It is used a lot in the study of how genes work and in studying all the genes in our DNA. This idea was first shared by Ronald Fisher in 1918. He said that many small genes together can decide how a trait shows up in a person.
In Fisher's 1918 paper, he explained that if a trait is decided by many genes, then the trait will be normally distributed in people. But it doesn't mean everyone will show the trait in the same way. It depends on their parents' genes. This idea helped people understand how the rules of genes and the ways traits show up can work together.
This model says that when less important genes change, the way traits show does not change fast. Because each gene has a tiny role. Changes in a phenotype like a trait or disease happen when many genes change. This is different from changes in only a few genes or one gene. It helps us understand how traits work.
Marina's Destiny

Marina's Destiny () is a 1953 Soviet drama movie directed by Isaak Shmaruk and Viktor Ivchenko. It stars Yekaterina Litvinenko, Nikolai Gritsenko, and Tatyana Konyukhova.
Doris Singleton

Doris Singleton (Dorthea Singleton; September 28, 1919 - June 26, 2012) was an American movie and television actress. She was best known for her role as Carolyn Appleby in I Love Lucy. Her career lasted for 31 years until her retirement in 1986.
Singleton was born in New York City, New York on September 28, 1919. Singleton was married to Charles Issacs from 1941 until his death in 2002. They had no children.
Singleton died on June 26, 2012 in her home in Los Angeles, California from natural causes. She was 92 years old.
All-dressed

All-dressed chips are a potato chip flavour, popular in Canada. The flavour is a combination of barbecue, ketchup, sour cream and onion, and salt and vinegar flavours.
In 2016, American food manufacturer Frito-Lay began to sell their all-dressed Ruffles potato chip in the United States.
Ranspach-le-Haut

Ranspach-le-Haut is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Daniel Scioli

Daniel Osvaldo Scioli (, ; born 13 January 1957) is an Argentine politician and businessman. He was Vice President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007 and Governor of Buenos Aires Province from 2011 to 2015. From 2020 to 2022 he was Argentina's ambassador to Brazil. In 2022, he became the Minister of Production in the cabinet of Alberto Fernandez.
He was president of the Justicialist Party. He ran for President of Argentina in the 2015 general elections, and lost to Mauricio Macri in a runoff election.
Toonbox

Toonbox is a Russian animation studio founded in Russia. It is currently based in Cyprus.
History
The studio was founded in 2008, by Pavel Muntyan (CEO) and Vladimir Ponomarev (CCO).
Caleb

Caleb son of Jephunneh was a person from the Book of Numbers who was one of the twelve spies that Moses sent to Canaan and aside from Joshua was the only one of them who still thought that the Lord could give the Israelites a victory against Canaan. Because of this Caleb and Joshua were the only adult males of that generation allowed to live long enough to come into the Promised Land.
Book of Joshua
At the end of the Book of Joshua, just before Joshua dies, Caleb asks Joshua for permission to conquer Hebron and Joshua gives it to him.
Judges
In the Book of Judges, Caleb's daughter marries Othniel, the first judge.
The Midrash
According to a Midrash in the Talmud, Caleb was one of the two spies that Joshua sent to Rahab.
Mona Wessman

Mona Wessman, born 24 March 1948 in Langsele in Sweden, is a Swedish singer.
Her breakthrough came together with Nina Lizell and Claes-Goran Hederstrom in the Minishow TV show, which aired on Pentecost Saturday 1967. Her definitive breaktrhough as a recording artist was Ga och gom dej, Ake Trak, participating at Melodifestivalen 1968, ending up third, and becoming a Svensktoppen hit peaking at third position. The same year, she toured the folkparks of Sweden together with Nina and Claes-Goran. Sven Lindahl wrote another of her more successful songs, Hambostinta i kortkort.
During the autumn of 1968, she toured with Lenne Broberg, Claes-Goran Hederstrom and Hipp Happy Band, consisting of Mats Westman, Lasse Sandborg, Stefan Moller och Bertil Bodahl.
Scoring several Svensktoppen hits by the late 1960s, she also appeared in the 1968 film Asa-Nisse och den stora kalabaliken. She also participated at Melodifestivalen 1973 where the song she performed, Helledudane en san karl, ended up last.
Aleksander Waszkowski

Aleksander Waszkowski (1841-1865) was a Polish politician who served as former prime minister in the Polish Government Crisis (January Uprising) a year before his death.
Career
He was a member of the Warsaw City Organization. In February 1863, he carried out an action to take over staff maps, and in June of the same year - the Cash Office of the Central Government Revenue and Treasury Commission of the Kingdom of Poland. Appointed the last insurgent warden of Warsaw, he held this position from December 10, 1863 to December 19, 1864, when he was accidentally arrested on Elektoralna Street. He was aware of the impossibility of reversing the fall of the uprising, but by issuing orders and proclamations he tried to maintain the impression that the municipal organization was still functioning. He had no permanent residence; he spent the night in the mill buildings in Solec, and spent his days reading newspapers in cafes. He consciously decided not to go out of town.
Death
He was imprisoned in the 10th pavilion of the Warsaw Citadel. He was executed on its slopes on February 17, 1865 together with Emanuel Szafarczyk. It was the last public execution of participants in the uprising in Warsaw.
Allie Grant

Allie Grant (b. February 14, 1994) is an American actress. In The Suite Life of Zack and Cody, she played Agnes. She also played Lisa in Suburgatory.
Grant was born in Tupelo, Mississippi.
Peter Houston

Peter Houston (born 19 July 1958 in Baillieston) is a former Scottish footballer. He played as a full-back. He is currently caretaker manager at Dundee United. He gained that post after Craig Levein's depature for coach of the Scotland international team.
Manuel dos Santos (footballer)

Manuel dos Santos Fernandes (born 28 March 1974) is a former French football player.
Ugly Betty

Ugly Betty is a Golden Globe- and Peabody Award-winning American comedy-drama television series. It stars America Ferrera, Vanessa Williams, and Eric Mabius. It premiered on September 28, 2006, on ABC in the United States. The series follows the life of Betty Suarez (Ferrera), and her incongruous job at the ultra-chic New York City fashion magazine "Mode". Betty's status as a "fish out of water" drives much of the plot. Ugly Betty ended on April 14, 2010 after low ratings during season 4.
Seasons
USA TV ratings
Based on average total viewers per episode of Ugly Betty on ABC:
In popular culture
Since the show's debut, the main characters have become the latest fixures in the lexicon of pop media culture. They have already had parodies, news media stories and art-imitating-life situations, as well as recognition from the United States Congress itself.
Fruitarianism

Fruitarianism is a diet where people mostly eat fruits, and possibly nuts and seeds, without animal products. Fruitarianism is a strict of dietary veganism.
Fruitarians can become a fruitarian for different reasons, including ethical, religious, environmental, cultural, economic, and health reasons. There are many types of the diet. Some people whose diet consists of 75% or more fruit consider themselves fruitarians.
Definitions
Some fruitarians will eat only what comes naturally from a plant: foods that can be harvested without killing or harming the plant. These foods consist primarily of culinary fruits, nuts, and seeds. Some do not eat grains, believing it is unnatural to. Some fruitarians feel that humans shouldn't to eat seeds as they contain future plants,or nuts and seeds, or any foods besides juicy fruits. Others believe they should eat only plants that spread seeds when the plant is eaten. Others eat seeds and some cooked foods. Some fruitarians use beans, peas, or other legumes. Other fruitarians' diets include raw fruits, dried fruits, nuts, honey and olive oil, or fruits, nuts, beans and chocolate.SO different fruitarians do different things.
Motivation
Some fruitarians who hold Judeo-Christian beliefs hold that fruitarianism was the original diet of humankind in the form of Adam and Eve, based on the Book of Genesis. They believe that a return to an Eden-like paradise will require simple living a health and diet. Another common motivation is the desire to eliminate perceived toxicity within the body. For others, the appeal of a fruitarian diet comes from the challenge that the restrictive nature of this diet provides.
Saïd Amara

Said Amara (11 March 1933 - 2 August 2020) was an Algerian football player and manager. He was born in Saida. He played club football for MC Saida, USM Bel-Abbes, Strasbourg, Beziers and Bordeaux. He also earned five caps for the Algerian national team between 1963 and 1964.
Hash function

The Hash function is a function. When a computer program is written, very often, large amounts of data need to be stored. These are normally stored as hash tables. In order to find the data again, some value is calculated. This is like when someone reads a book, and to remember, they put what they read into their own words. Hash values are much the same, except that care is taken that different sets of data do not get the same hash value (this is called a hash collision).
A cryptographic hash function is a kind that is used in cryptography. Its hash value is a fixed-size, alphanumeric string, and may also be called a 'message digest', 'digital fingerprint', 'digest' or 'checksum'.
Luis Alberto Monge

Luis Alberto Monge Alvarez (29 December 1925 - 29 November 2016) was a Costa Rican politician, diplomat and lawyer. He was the President of Costa Rica from 8 May 1982 to 8 May 1986. Before being President, he was the country's ambassador to Israel.
He was born in Palmares, Alajuela Province. Monge died of cardiac arrest on 29 November 2016 in San Jose, aged 90.
Nieuw-Vennep

Nieuw-Vennep is a town in the Netherlands. It is right below Amsterdam and Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. Around 30,000 people live in the town.
Cheaper by the Dozen 2

Cheaper by the Dozen 2 is a 2005 American family comedy movie directed by Adam Shankman. Steve Martin, Bonnie Hunt, Hilary Duff, Piper Perabo, Alyson Stoner, and Tom Welling return to their roles from the first movie. Eugene Levy and Carmen Electra co-star.
Antarctic

The Antarctic is the area around the Earth's South Pole. Its opposite is the Arctic region which is around the North Pole. The Antarctic includes the continent of Antarctica and the ices, waters and islands in the Southern Ocean.
Academy Award for Best Actor

Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit. It is presented each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is to recognize an actor with an outstanding performance in a movie. Before 1976, this award was called the Academy Award of Merit for Performance by an Actor. Since the beginning the award has commonly been called the Oscar for Best Actor.
Actors are nominated for this award by Academy members who are actors and actresses themselves. The winner is selected by the Academy membership as a whole.
Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first in bold, followed by the other nominees.
Falling to Pieces

"Falling to Pieces" is a 1990 song by Faith No More. It is the third single from their third studio album The Real Thing. It went to number 16 in New Zealand, number 26 in Australia, number 41 in the United Kingdom and number 92 in the United States.
Track listings
Disc one
"Falling to Pieces" - 3:39
"We Care a Lot" (live at Brixton) - 3:59
"Underwater Love" (live at Brixton) - 3:32
"From Out of Nowhere" (live at Brixton) - 3:47
Disc two
"Falling to Pieces" (re-mix)
"Zombie Eaters"
"The Real Thing" (live)
"The Real Thing" was recorded live at the Wireless on July 30, 1990 also, features ad-lib from Public Enemy's "911 Is a Joke".
The Brixton Academy live tracks are different mixes to those found on the LP of the concert, most notably including the line "About the smack and crack and whack that hits the streets" on "We Care a Lot", which is mostly muted on the LP mix.
Ramón Díaz

Ramon Diaz (born August 29, 1959) is a former Argentine football player. He has played for the Argentine national team.
Black Lives Matter

Black Lives Matter (BLM) is an international activist group. They originated in the African-American community. They are against violence and systemic racism by white police officers towards black people.
History
The movement began in 2013 with the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media. It started after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the death of Trayvon Martin. It became famous for street demonstrations following the deaths of Michael Brown and Eric Garner. The former sparked riots and unrest in Ferguson, Missouri. The latter led to protests all over the United States.
After the Ferguson protests, participants in Black Lives Matter demonstrated against other African-Americans' deaths, such as Freddie Gray, Sandra Bland, Laquan McDonald, Philando Castile and Alton Sterling.
In 2020, during the George Floyd Protests, Black Lives Matter became much more widely accepted. Black Lives Matter filed a lawsuit against the police department of Seattle, Washington for violence against protesters.
"It's now something where the Mitt Romneys of the world can join in, and that was something unimaginable back in 2014," said Justin Hansford, executive director of Howard University's Thurgood Marshall Civil Rights Center. "That is the result of six years of hard work by people who are in the movement and have put forward so many discussions that really changed people's hearts and minds." Hansford was also an activist in Ferguson.
Criticism
The movement has also been criticized. In the New York Times, Deroy Murdock asked about the true number of black people killed by police, and about the way the BLM movement reported these killings. He wrote: "But the notion that America's cops simply are gunning down innocent black people is one of today's biggest and deadliest lies". Some of the black leaders of the American civil rights movement criticized the tactics of the BLM movement. Glenn Loury, a professor for economics, warned about focusing on police violence against black people; the other side would only use this to compile statistics; in these statistics black people will be overrepresented. According to Loury, it would be better to reform social structures, so that people could benefit, irrespective of skin color. One of the examples he gave was early-age education.
American Canyon, California

American Canyon is a city in Napa County, California, United States.
Emperor Kōtoku

Emperor Kotoku was the 36th emperor of Japan according to the traditional counting. He was also called "Taika," for "Great Change." He ruled from 645 AD - 654 AD. He made the Taika Reforms, which changed parts of Tang dynasty ways of thinking about politics, running the government, and doing rituals for the Japanese court.
Before he was the Emperor, he was called Prince Karu. He became emperor in 645 AD after his sister, Empress Kogyoku, abdicated in his favor. That means she quit being Empress and gave Karu the throne. Some historians say that Empress Kogyoku's son, Prince Naka no Oe, asked her to abdicate. Prince Naka no Oe who would later become Emperor Tenji.
With the Taika Reforms, Kotoku changed the way court officers wore clothes in 647. People of different rank (level of importance) wore different clothes. Kotoku also said that the government had a monopoly on mined iron ore, meaning that no one else was allowed to mine iron ore. Before that, the Wakebe clan had mined iron ore.
After Kotoku died in 654, Kogyoku became the Empress again, but this time she was called Empress Saimei.
Guru Angad Dev

Shri Guru Angad Dev Ji (, 1504 - Sept 7, 1539) was one of the ten gurus who founded Sikhism. He became a Guru because of the obedience he showed to his Guru (Guru Nanak,the first guru in Sikh religion). Guru Angad Dev invented the present form of the Gurmukhi script.
G-Unit Records

G-Unit Records is a record label started by the musician 50 Cent. It specializes in hip hop and rap music. It was started in 2005 and is part of the Universal Music Group. The company is based in New York City.
It has so far signed artists such as G-Unit, Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo.
Avesnes-le-Comte

Avesnes-le-Comte is a commune. It is in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in the Pas-de-Calais department in north France.
Howrah Junction railway station

Howrah Junction railway station, (Station code: HWH) is the oldest and largest existing railway station in India. It is located in Howrah, West Bengal. It was founded in 1854 by contract with East India Company. It is one of the busiest train stations in the world. It has 24 platforms and serves more than one million passengers per day. The station is run by 450 are suburban local trains, and 107 long distance trains. Out of the 24 platforms, 10 are long enough to cater to trains with more than 24 coaches. Howrah is one of five intercity train stations serving the Kolkata metropolitan area (including Howrah and its twin city of Kolkata), the others being , , and Kolkata Terminus railway stations.
Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (17 August 1786 - 16 March 1861) was a German princess and the mother of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. She was later Duchess of Kent and Strathearn.
Mindless Behavior

Mindless Behavior is an American boy band. They are best known for the singles "My Girl" and "Mrs. Right", which were produced by Walter Millsap. The band was put together in Los Angeles in 2008, by Keisha Gamble, Walter Millsap (who has previously worked with Beyonce and Timbaland) and Vincent Herbert (Lady Gaga, Toni Braxton). The band trained in dance and singing for two years before releasing anything. The members are all in their early teens. They performed "My Girl" on The Today Show in November 2010. Their first album, #1 Girl, was released on September 20, 2011. It appeared on the Billboard 200 album chart at number 7.
Mindless Behavior toured with the Backstreet Boys, Justin Bieber and Jason Derulo. They were the opening act for Janet Jackson's 2011 tour.
This Must Be Pop says that it thinks Mindless Behavior will be future stars.
Gerry Byrne (footballer, born 1938)

Gerald "Gerry" Byrne (29 August 1938 - 28 November 2015) was an English footballer. He spent his entire playing career at Liverpool Football Club, playing from 1953 through 1969. He later played for the England national football team from 1963 through 1966. He was born in Liverpool, England.
Byrne died in at a nursing home in Wrexham, Wales from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 77.
Gutian people

The Guti () or Quti, also known by the derived Gutians or Guteans, were a nomadic people of West Asia, around the Zagros Mountains (Modern Iran) during ancient times.
History
Their homeland was known as Gutium (Sumerian: ,Gu-tu-umki or ,Gu-ti-umki). There has been little scholarly support for theories linking the Turkic names Kutrigur and Utigur to the Gutians. Widely believed to have spoken an Indo-European (rather than Turkic) language. Iranologist W. B. Henning proposed that the Yuezhi were descended from the Guti (Gutians) and a closely associated but little known tribe referred to as the Tukri (Turki), who were native to the Zagros mountains during the mid-3rd millennium BC. Analysing the grammatical structure of the Gutian language, German Assyriologists Benno Landsberger, however, came to the conclusion that the Gutians not only were closely related to Turkic peoples, but most probably even identical.
Butterfly effect

The butterfly effect is an idea from chaos theory. A small change can sometimes make much bigger changes happen. One small incident may have a big impact on the future. The emphasis here is on the words may and can. There is no general theory which tells us what is going to happen.
Weather and events are hard to forecast, but that doesn't mean when a butterfly flaps its wings in Tokyo and Arsenal lose a match in EPL. That's just silly and impossible. However, what seem to be tiny changes in a planet's orbit can and do cause big changes to the weather: see Milankovich cycle.
Author Ray Bradbury wrote the short story "A Sound of Thunder" with this idea--time travelers make a very small change in the past that makes a large change in the present. However, remember that time travel is impossible, or at least has never been shown to be possible.
Winscales

Winscales is a village and civil parish in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 186 people living in Winscales.
Wallasey

Wallasey is a coastal town on the Wirral, Merseyside, in North West England. It can be reached from Liverpool by the Queensway Tunnel and by ferry.
Wallasey has its own distinctive accent, a softer version of the Liverpool accent. New Brighton is a small seaside resort situated North of Wallasey.
Plymouth, Michigan

Plymouth is a city in Wayne County, Michigan, United States.
Novara

Novara () is an Italian city in Piemonte. There are 102,630 people living there.
John Schella

John Edward Schella (May 9, 1947 - August 3, 2018) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Schella made his NHL debut in 1970 with the Vancouver Canucks, spending parts of two seasons with the team before moving to the Houston Aeros, where he spent six seasons. Schella played one final year in the minor leagues before retiring in 1979.
Hu Jintao's removal from the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party

On October 22, 2022, Hu Jintao, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, was escorted from the hall at the closing ceremony of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was led from his seat by two men. It is assumed that the current General Secretary Xi Jinping had instructed this.
As the media from all over the world had entered the venue at the time, the incident quickly became the focus of international coverage.
Egyptian Museum of Berlin

The Egyptian Museum of Berlin () is home to one of the world's most important collections of Ancient Egyptian artifacts.
The collection is part of the Neues Museum.
Five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union

The five-year plans for the development of the national economy of the Soviet Union were multiple nationwide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union, starting in the late 1920s.
Linear equation

In mathematics, a linear equation is a type of equation. A linear equation is the equation of a straight line. This type of equation is written in the form:
or also known as rise over run.
The m is the rate of change or slope.
The slope is how fast the line moves up or down. Numbers farther from 0, or a larger absolute value will make the slope steeper.
If m is a negative number, then the line will appear to fall or go down the page when read from left to right.
If m is a positive number, then the line will appear to climb the page when read from left to right.
While b is the y-intercept of the function.
This is where the function crosses the y-axis of the coordinate plane. The first equation is called slope-intercept form because, in it, the slope (m) and y-intercept (b) are easily found. The second equation is called point-slope form because, in it, a point on the graph (x1, y1) and the slope (m) are easily found.
You can find the slope of a graph by seeing how much the y-value increases by for every one x-value. You can find the y-intercept of a graph by looking at where the x coordinate equals 0, and see what the y-value equals.
Sputnik 1

Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite to go around the Earth. It was made by the Soviet Union. It was launched on 4 October 1957 at Baikonur Cosmodrome. It orbited (went around) the Earth for three months. It carried a radio transmitter. It did 1,440 orbits of the Earth during this time. It went down into Earth's atmosphere on 4 January 1958 and burned up.
The United States was very surprised when the Soviet Union sent Sputnik 1 into space. It did not want to fall behind. So, it began spending more money on science and education. This was when the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States began. The competition helped the US and Russia fuel the United States' space exploration endeavors
Etymology
The word Sputnik comes from the Russian Sputnik, literally traveling companion. It is pronounced or , not .
Yuzo Tamura

Yuzo Tamura (born 7 December 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (August 29, 1809 - October 7, 1894) was an American physician, poet, professor, lecturer, and author. He was a member of the Fireside Poets. His most famous works are the "Breakfast-Table" series, which began with The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table (1858). He was also an important medical reformer. He also wrote old ironsides, a famous poem.
Central Honiara constituency

Honiara is a constituency of the Solomon Islands. It is in Honiara. It was created in 1997.
Moulins-le-Carbonnel

Moulins-le-Carbonnel is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Cys-la-Commune

Cys-la-Commune is a commune. It is in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Glenveagh National Park

The Glenveagh National Park is a national park in County Donegal in Ireland. There are mountains, lakes, glens and woods in the park. The size of the park is . The park is north west of Letterkenny.
French Dahomey

Dahomey was a French colony. It was part of French West Africa from 1904 to 1958. In 1947, Dahomey became part of the French Union and had more freedom. On 11 December 1958, the French Fifth Republic was started. The colony became the self-governing Republic of Dahomey. Two years later on 1 August 1960 the country had full independence. In 1975 it changed its name to Benin.
Botanical garden

A botanical garden is generally a well kept garden or a park which contains many different kinds of plants labeled with their botanical names. They can contain collections of special types of plants, such as cacti, herb gardens, plants of certain parts of the world. Some of these collections need to be kept in greenhouses, such as tropical plants, alpine plants or other exotic plants.
In botanic gardens, seeds or cuttings are collected from species in the wild and then used to build up a population of plants from which, one day, some plants may be reintroduced to their natural habitats. Tissue culture can often help to produce many plants from just a few specimens.
The garden encompasses all green vegetation with specific names and values that add beauty to the environment. The plant needs to be selected and considered for onward discovery, classification, naming and systematic.
Botanical gardens employ professional botanists. Botanists make sure the information given about plants is correct, and also they do research.
Social Security (United States)

In the United States, Social Security is the term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. That program is run by the Social Security Administration. The original Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935. The current version of the Act, as amended, involves many social welfare and social insurance programs.
Social Security gets its money through payroll taxes. Those taxes are called Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA) or Self Employed Contributions Act Tax (SECA). Tax deposits are collected by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Almost all salaried income, up to an certain amount set by law (see tax rate table below), is taxed by the Social Security payroll tax. All income over the set amount is not taxed. In 2019, the maximum amount of taxable money is $132,900.
In 2017, Social Security spent $806.7 billion for OASDI and $145.8 billion for DI.
History
A limited form of the Social Security program started during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term. It started using "social insurance" to help during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
Konami

is a Japanese video game company.
Notes
James E. Gunn

James Edwin Gunn (July 12, 1923 - December 23, 2020) was an American science fiction writer, editor, scholar, and anthologist. His work as an editor of anthologies includes the six-volume Road to Science Fiction series.
Awards
Gunn won the Hugo Award for "Best Related Work" in 1983 and he has won or been nominated for several other awards for his non-fiction works in the field of science fiction studies. The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America made him its 24th Grand Master in 2007 and he was inducted by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame in 2015.
Educator
Gunn was a professor emeritus of English, and the founding director of the Center for the Study of Science Fiction, both at the University of Kansas.
Death
Gunn died in Lawrence, Kansas on the morning of December 23, 2020, at age 97.
Couturelle

Couturelle is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Ivan Rakitić

Ivan Rakitic (born 10 March 1988) is a Croatian footballer. He plays for Sevilla. He has played for the Croatian national team.
Career statistics
Club
International
Source:
Croatia score listed first, score column indicates score after each Rakitic goal.
Houston Steward Chamberlain

Houston Steward Chamberlain (September 9, 1855 - January 9, 1927) was a writer of books. He wrote many popular scientific books, about Richard Wagner, Immanuel Kant, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe amongst others. He was born in Portsmouth, but later emigrated to Germany. In later life he became a German citizen. He was acquainted with Hitler and died in Bayreuth. He is known for his Antisemitism. His best-known book, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century is seen as a standard antisemitic work of the early 20th century.
Organ

Organ may be:
Organ (anatomy), a part of the body
Organ (music), a family of keyboard instruments which is usually played with both the hands and the feet.
Aritzo

Aritzo (Aritzo) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,303 people lived there. Its area is 75.58 km2. It is 796 meters above sea level.
William Mueller

William Theodore Mueller (born September 10, 1980 in Coffeyville, Kansas) is an American professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name, Trevor Murdoch.
Championships
Mueller has held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #96 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2008.
Kurmanbek Bakiyev

Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (Kyrgyz: Kurmanbek Salievich (Sali uulu) Bakiev, Qurmanbek Saliyevic (Sali Uulu) Baqiyev; born 1 August 1949) is a politician who was the second President of Kyrgyzstan, from 2005 to 2010.
Bakiyev was re-elected in the 2009 presidential election.
On 7 April 2010, after bloody riots in the capital overturned the government, Bakiyev reportedly fled to the southern city of Osh. He resigned on 15 April 2010. Otunbayeva said she would press ahead to bring Bakiyev to trial.
American Association (19th century)

The American Association (AA) was a baseball major league from 1882 to 1891.
Willy Kemp

Willy Kemp (28 December 1925 - 18 October 2021) was a Luxembourgish professional road bicycle racer. He was born in Kopstal, Luxembourg. In 1949, he became national champion. Between 1948 and 1957 he rode every year the Tour de France (10 times in total) and won a stage in the 1955 Tour de France.
Kemp died on 18 October 2021, at the age of 95.
Aldham

Aldham is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2005, there were 200 people living in Aldham. It is around eight miles west of Ipswich.
Pacific Grand Prix

The Pacific Grand Prix was a round of the Formula One World Championship in and . Both races were held at the Tanaka International Aida circuit (now Okayama International Circuit), a 2.3-mile track in the countryside in Aida (near Kobe), Japan.
Sponsors
Foster's Pacific Grand Prix 1994
Marlboro Pacific Grand Prix 1995
Winners of the Pacific Grand Prix
Repeat winners (drivers)
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
Repeat winners (constructors)
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
Repeat winners (engine manufacturers)
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
* Built by Cosworth
Year by year
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
Sober (song)

"Sober" is a power pop song by American singer-songwriter Pink. It was released on November 3, 2008. It is from her fifth studio album, Funhouse. The song's lyrics are about sobriety. They are also about the vices different people choose. The song's backstory is about Pink being at a party that she did not want to be in. It was written by Pink and Kara DioGuardi. Danja and Marcella Araica also helped write it.
The Arizonian

The Arizonian is a 1935 American western movie directed by Charles Vidor and starring Richard Dix, Margot Grahame, Preston Foster, Francis Ford, Louis Calhern, Hattie McDaniels. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.
Black Swan (movie)

Black Swan is a 2010 American psychological drama thriller movie set in New York City. It was produced by Ari Handel, Scott Franklin, Mike Medavoy, Arnold Messer and Brian Oliver and directed by Darren Aronofsky. The movie was released in Italy on September 1, 2010 and on December 3, 2010 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 88% on Rotten Tomatoes which is "certified fresh" and has a 79 rating out of 100 on Metacritic. The movie is based on the ballet, Swan Lake. The movie won the Academy Award for Best Actress, the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama, the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role for the movie.
Formigny La Bataille

Formigny La Bataille is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Formigny (the seat), Aignerville, Ecrammeville and Louvieres.
Tuscola County, Michigan

Tuscola County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 53,323 people live here. The county seat is Caro.
Cyclostome

The cyclostomes (or cyclostomi) are the lamprey and hagfish. They are the only two living jawless fish, the Agnatha.
Recent molecular data from rRNA, and from mtDNA, show that these living agnathans are monophyletic. There are about 100 species. Hagfish are vertebrates but do not have vertebrae. It is believed that they lost their vertebrae during their lifestyle adaptations.
The name "Cyclostomata" and "Cyclostomi" means "round mouths". Their mouths cannot close due to the lack of a jaw, so they have to constantly cycle water through the mouth.
José Horacio Gómez

Jose Horacio Gomez (born December 26, 1951) is a Mexican-born American prelate of the Catholic Church. He was born in Monterrey, Mexico. He has been the fifth Archbishop of Los Angeles since 2011.
He was Auxiliary Bishop of Denver from 2001 to 2004 and as Archbishop of San Antonio from 2004 to 2010.
Gomez was Vice President of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. In 2019, he became President of the conference.
Ronald Drever

Ronald William Prest Drever (October 1931 - 7 March 2017) was a Scottish experimental physicist. He was a Professor Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology. He co-founded the LIGO project, and was a co-inventor of the Pound-Drever-Hall technique for laser stabilization. This work was important in the first detection of gravitational waves in September 2015.
Drever died on 7 March 2017 in Edinburgh, Scotland from complications of dementia, aged 85.
Agneta Sjödin

Agneta Sjodin (born 20 July 1967 in Norrbo, Halsingland) is a Swedish television presenter.
Udinese Calcio

Udinese Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.
Nukus

Nukus ( / ; / ; / ) is the sixth-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of the autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan. The population of Nukus as of January 1, 2022 was 329,100.