October 25

Events
Up to 1900
1147 - Portuguese forces under Afonso I of Portugal, and crusaders from England and Flanders, conquer Lisbon after a four-month siege.
1154 - Henry II of England becomes King.
1415 - The army of Henry V of England defeats a French army at the Battle of Agincourt.
1616 - Dirk Hartog makes the second-recorded European landing in Australia, on Dirk Hartog Island, off the west coast.
1671 - Giovanni Domenico Cassini discovers Saturn's moon Iapetus.
1722 - King Louis XV of France, aged 12, is crowned in Reims Cathedral.
1747 - A British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.
1760 - George III of the United Kingdom becomes King, after the death of his grandfather, King George II of Great Britain.
1788 - The HMAV Bounty reaches Tahiti.
1812 - War of 1812: American frigate USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.
1822 - Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.
1828 - The St. Catherine Docks open in London.
1854 - Crimean War: Battle of Balaklava, including the British Charge of the Light Brigade.
1861 - The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
1900 - The United Kingdom annexes Transvaal.
1901 2000
1917 - Julian calendar date of Russia's October Revolution. In the Gregorian calendar, the date was November 7.
1918 - Canadian steamship Princess Sophia hits a reef off Alaska and sinks, killing all 356 people on board.
1927 - Italian luxury steamship Principessa Mafalda hits a rock off Porto Seguro, Brazil, and sinks, killing 312 people.
1929 - Wall Street Crash: The severe losses of the previous day continue.
1940 - Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. is named the first African American general of the United States Army.
1941 - World War II: The Romanian Army liberates Carei, the last Romanian city under Nazi-Hungarian control.
1944 - World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf occurs in the Philippines.
1945 - The Republic of China takes over Taiwan.
1955 - In Japan, 12-year-old Sadako Sasaki dies, as a result of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima 10 years earlier. Her origami cranes, folded after she became unwell, have become symbols of peace and opposition to nuclear weapons.
1962 - Nelson Mandela is sentenced to five years in prison.
1962 - Uganda joins the UN.
1971 - At the UN, the People's Republic of China joins, as the Republic of China is expelled.
1979 - Catalonia and the Basque Country gain some autonomy (self-rule) within Spain.
1979 - The last new episode of Fawlty Towers airs.
1983 - The US and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after its Prime Minister Maurice Bishop is killed in a coup.
1990 - Kazakhstan declares independence from the Soviet Union
1991 - Four months after the Ten-Day War, the last soldier of the Yugoslav People's Army leaves the territory of the Republic of Slovenia.
1995 - A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing 7 students.
1995 - Latvia applies to join the EU.
1997 - Denis Sassou-Nguesso proclaims himself President of the Republic of the Congo.
From 2001
2001 - Microsoft releases Windows XP.
2004 - In Cuba, Fidel Castro announces that transactions in the country that involve the United States Dollar will be banned.
2007 - Singapore Airlines carry out the first passenger flight of an Airbus A380.
2009 - Bombings in Baghdad kill 155 people.
2010 - A magnitude 7.7 earthquake off the west coast of Sumatra causes tsunamis, which kill over 400 people, and leave many more missing.
2019 - The European Union agrees to extend the United Kingdom's Brexit deadline beyond October 31.
2019 - A beetle species discovered in 1965 is named after climate change activist Greta Thunberg, being given the name Nelloptodes gretae.
Births
Up to 1900
1330 - Louis II of Flanders (d. 1384)
1510 - Renee of France (d. 1574)
1576 - Thomas Weelkes, English composer (d. 1623)
1683 - Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, British politician (d. 1757)
1692 - Elizabeth Farnese, wife of King Philip V of Spain (d. 1766)
1714 - James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish scholar, philosopher and deist (d. 1799)
1754 - Richard Howell, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1802)
1759 - Maria Feodorovna, Russian Empress (d. 1828)
1759 - William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1834)
1767 - Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer (d. 1830)
1782 - Levi Lincoln, Jr., 13th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1868)
1789 - Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer and botanist (d. 1875)
1790 - Robert Stirling, Scottish clergyman and inventor, creator of the Stirling engine (d. 1878)
1800 - Thomas Macaulay, British poet, historian and politician (d. 1859)
1802 - Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strongman (d. 1864)
1806 - Max Stirner, German philosopher (d. 1856)
1811 - Evariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1832)
1821 - Antonio Ciseri, Swiss-Italian writer (d. 1891)
1825 - Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer (d. 1899)
1827 - Marcelin Berthelot, French chemist and politician (d. 1907)
1828 - Dragan Tsankov, Bulgarian political figure (d. 1911)
1835 - William McTaggart, Scottish painter (d. 1910)
1838 - Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
1856 - Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Croatian paleontologist (d. 1936)
1864 - Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (d. 1956)
1864 - John Francis Dodge, American automobile pioneer (d. 1920)
1867 - Jozef Dowbor-Musnicki, Polish general (d.1937)
1868 - Dan Burke, American baseball player (d. 1933)
1868 - Oskar Kallas, Estonian diplomat, linguist and folklorist (d. 1946)
1877 - Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (d. 1957)
1879 - Fritz Haarmann, German serial killer (d. 1924)
1881 - Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
1888 - Richard E. Byrd, American explorer (d. 1957)
1889 - Abel Gance, movie writer (d. 1981)
1889 - Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player (d. 1985)
1891 - Father Coughlin, Roman Catholic priest and radio broadcaster (d. 1979)
1892 - Leo G. Carroll, actor (d. 1972)
1895 - Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)
1900 - Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian social activist (d. 1978)
1901 1925
1902 - Eddie Lang, American jazz musician (d. 1933)
1902 - Carlo Gnocchi, Italian priest, educator and writer (d. 1955)
1902 - Alfred E. Driscoll, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1975)
1903 - Katharine Byron, United States Congresswoman (d. 1976)
1905 - Bob McPhail, Scottish footballer (d. 2000)
1910 - William Higinbotham, American physicist (d. 1994)
1912 - Minnie Pearl, American comedian and singer (d. 1996)
1913 - Klaus Barbie, Nazi war criminal (d. 1991)
1914 - John Berryman, American poet (d. 1972)
1915 - Ivan M. Niven, Canadian mathematician (d. 1999)
1918 - Chubby Jackson, American jazz musician and bandleader (d. 2003)
1919 - Norman E. Erbe, Governor of Iowa (d. 2000)
1919 - Beate Uhser-Rotermund, German pilot and entrepreneur (d. 2001)
1921 - Michael I, former King of Romania (d. 2017)
1923 - Jean Duceppe, Quebec actor (d. 1990)
1923 - Bobby Thomson, Scottish-born American baseball player (d. 2010)
1923 - Achille Silvestrini, Italian cardinal (d. 2019)
1924 - Bill Barty, American actor (d. 2000)
1924 - Earl Palmer, American musician (d. 2008)
1925 - John J. Snyder, American Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2019)
1926 1950
1926 - Jimmy Heath, American jazz saxophonist, composer and arranger
1926 - Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian soprano (d. 2012)
1927 - Jorge Batlle Ibanez, former President of Uruguay (d. 2016)
1927 - Barbara Cook, American singer and actress (d. 2017)
1927 - Lawrence Kohlberg, American psychologist (d. 1987)
1928 - Marion Ross, American actress
1928 - Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist (d. 2016)
1928 - Jeanne Cooper, American actress (d. 2013)
1928 - Anthony Franciosa, American actor (d. 2006)
1929 - Peter Ruhmkorf, German writer (d. 2008)
1931 - Annie Girardot, French actress (d. 2011)
1932 - Jerzy Pawlowski, Polish fencer and double agent (d. 2005)
1933 - Jack Haley Jr., movie producer and director (d. 2001)
1935 - Rusty Schweickart, American astronaut
1936 - Martin Gilbert, British historian (d. 2015)
1936 - Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress
1937 - Roberto Menescal, Brazilian musician
1938 - Basile Georges Casmoussa, Iraqi archbishop
1938 - Vija Celmins, Latvian-American artist
1939 - Robert Cogoi, Belgian singer
1939 - Nikos Nikolaidis, Greek movie director and writer (d. 2007)
1939 - Dave Simmonds, English motorcycle racer (d. 1972)
1940 - Bobby Knight, American basketball coach
1941 - Anne Tyler, novelist
1942 - Helen Reddy, Australian singer
1944 - Jon Anderson, singer (Yes)
1944 - James Carville, political operative
1944 - Donald Ford, Scottish footballer
1944 - Azizan Abdul Razak, Malaysian politician
1945 - Yuriy Mechkov, Russian politician (d. 2019)
1947 - Glenn Tipton, English guitarist (Judas Priest)
1948 - Dan Gable, wrestler and coach
1949 - Brian Kerwin, actor
1949 - Ross Bagdasarian Jr., American voice actor
1950 - David Kaye, former American rabbi and convicted sex offender
1951 1975
1951 - Richard Lloyd, musician
1952 - Wendy Hall, English computer scientist, mathematician and academic
1954 - Mike Eruzione, American hockey player
1955 - Glynis Barber, English actress
1955 - Robin Eubanks, American jazz musician
1955 - Matthias Jabs, German guitarist
1957 - Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress
1957 - Bernard Hogan-Howe, English police officer
1958 - Kornelia Ender, German swimmer
1958 - Phil Daniels, British actor
1959 - Chrissy Amphlett, Australian singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2013)
1961 - Chad Smith, American drummer (Red Hot Chilli Peppers)
1961 - Willie Walsh, Irish businessman
1962 - Nick Hancock, British TV presenter
1962 - Darlene Vogel, American actress
1963 - John Leven, Swedish bassist (Europe)
1963 - Tracy Nelson, actress
1964 - Nicole, German singer
1966 - Wendel Clark, Canadian ice hockey player
1969 - Oleg Salenko, Ukrainian-Russian footballer
1970 - Ed Robertson, Canadian guitarist and singer (Barenaked Ladies)
1970 - Adam Goldberg, American actor
1970 - Adam Pascal, American actor
1971 - Pedro Martinez, Dominican baseball player
1971 - Midori, Japanese violinist
1972 - Esther Duflo, French-American economist
1972 - Jonathan Torrens, Canadian actor, producer and screenwriter
1973 - Bettina Wulff, former First Lady of Germany
1975 - Zadie Smith, British novelist
From 1976
1977 - Birgit Prinz, German footballer
1977 - Anita Rani, English television presenter
1978 - An Jong-hak, Japanese-born North Korean footballer
1978 - Bobby Madden, Scottish football referee
1979 - Ivana Sert, Serbian-Turkish television personality, model and fashion designer
1979 - Rob Hulse, English footballer
1981 - Shaun Wright-Phillips, English footballer
1981 - Hiroshi Aoyama, Japanese motorcycle racer
1982 - Victoria Frances, Spanish artist
1984 - Sara Helena Lumholdt, Swedish musician (A-Teens)
1984 - Eddie Gaven, American soccer player
1984 - Katy Perry, American singer
1985 - Ciara Harris, American singer
1985 - Kara Lynn Joyce, American swimmer
1986 - DJ Webstar, American DJ and producer
1987 - Bill Amis, American basketball player
1987 - Fabian Hambuchen, German gymnast
1987 - Darron Gibson, Irish footballer
1988 - Rylan Clark-Neal, English television personality
1995 - Conchita Campbell, Canadian actress
1997 - Federico Chiesa, Italian footballer
1997 - Michael Rice, English singer
2001 - Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant, next in-line to the throne of Belgium
2006 - Krista and Tatiana Hogan, Canadian craniopagus conjoined twins
Deaths
Up to 1900
304 - Pope Marcellinus
625 - Pope Boniface V
1047 - King Magnus I of Norway (b. 1024)
1154 - King Stephen of England (b. 1096)
1200 - Conrad of Wittelsbach, German archbishop
1400 - Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet (b. 1340)
1415 - Antoine, Duke of Brabant (b. 1384)
1415 - Frederick of Lorraine (b. 1371)
1478 - Catherine of Bosnia (b. 1425)
1495 - King John II of Portugal (b. 1455)
1514 - William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop (b. 1431)
1647 - Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)
1733 - Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (b. 1667)
1760 - King George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
1806 - Henry Knox, American general and politician (b. 1750)
1833 - Abbas Mirza of Persia (b. 1789)
1836 - Antonios Miaoulis, Greek politician and revolutionary leader (b. 1800)
1844 - Heinrich Cotta, German forester (b. 1763)
1906 - Todor Burmov, Bulgarian politician (b. 1834)
1920 - King Alexander I of Greece (b. 1893)
1921 - Bat Masterson, American journalist and lawman (b. 1853)
1926 - Charles Marion Russell, American artist and writer (b. 1864)
1945 - Robert Ley, German Nazi official (b. 1890)
1951 - Amelie of Orleans, last Queen of Portugal (b. 1865)
1955 - Sadako Sasaki, Japanese Hiroshima Atomic bomb victim (b. 1943)
1973 - Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian athlete (b. 1932)
1973 - Robert Scholl, German politician (b. 1891)
1973 - Cleo Moore, American actress (b. 1928)
1992 - Roger Miller, American musician and composer (b. 1936)
1993 - Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)
1994 - Mildred Natwick, American actress (b. 1905)
1995 - Viveca Lindfors, Swedish actress (b. 1920)
1995 - Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (b. 1918)
1999 - Payne Stewart, American golfer (b. 1957)
From 2001
2001 - Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari, Empress of Iran (b. 1932)
2002 - Richard Harris, Irish actor (b. 1930)
2002 - Rene Thom, French mathematician (b. 1923)
2003 - Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher and spiritual figure (b. 1920)
2003 - Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish cross-country skier (b. 1925)
2004 - John Peel, British disc jockey (b. 1939)
2009 - Camillo Cibin, Italian papal bodyguard (b. 1926)
2010 - Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican musician (b. 1951)
2011 - Tom McNeeley, American boxer (b. 1937)
2012 - John Connelly, English footballer (b. 1938)
2012 - Jacques Barzun, French-born American historian and philosopher (b. 1907)
2013 - Arthur Danto, American philosopher and art critic (b. 1924)
2013 - Nigel Davenport, British actor (b. 1928)
2013 - Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)
2013 - Hal Needham, American stuntman and director (b. 1931)
2013 - Marcia Wallace, American actress (b. 1942)
2014 - Marcia Strassman, American actress (b. 1948)
2014 - Reyhaneh Jabbari, Iranian woman convicted of murder (b. 1988)
2014 - Jack Bruce, Scottish musician (b. 1943)
2014 - Carlos Morales Troncoso, Vice President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1940)
2015 - Flip Saunders, American basketball coach (b. 1955)
2015 - Lisa Jardine, English historian (b. 1944)
2016 - Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer (b. 1944)
2017 - Mohamed Abshir Muse, Somali military officer (b. 1926)
2017 - Jack Bannon, American actor (b. 1940)
2017 - Ronald Breslow, American chemist (b. 1931)
2017 - Ian Cathie, Australian politician (b. 1932)
2017 - Lu Guanqiu, Chinese entrepreneur (b. 1945)
2017 - Pinito del Oro, Spanish trapeze artist and novelist (b. 1930)
2018 - Sara Anzanello, Italian volleyball player (b. 1980)
2018 - Lindon Crow, American football player (b. 1933)
2018 - Sonny Fortune, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1939)
2018 - Thomas Keating, American Trappist monk and author (b. 1923)
2018 - Michael J. O'Connor, American politician (b. 1928)
2018 - Shivinder Singh Sidhu, Indian politician, Governor of Meghalaya and Goa (b. 1929)
2018 - John Ziegler Jr., American ice hockey player (b. 1934)
2019 - Salvador Freixedo, Spanish ufologist and Jesuit priest (b. 1923)
2019 - Carlo Strenger, Swiss-Italian psychologist and philosopher (b. 1958)
2019 - Don Valentine, American venture capitalist (b. 1932)
Observances
Constitution Day (Lithuania)
Armed Forces Day (Romania)
Day of the Basque Country
Republic Day (Kazakhstan)
Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)
Days of the year