kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Frank Malzone

Frank James Malzone (February 28, 1930 - December 29, 2015) was an American baseball player. He was a former Major League Baseball third baseman and right-handed slugger who played for the Boston Red Sox (1955-65) and California Angels (1966). He was born in The Bronx, New York.
Malzone died in Needham, Massachusetts of natural causes at the age of 85.
Ted Levine

Frank Theodore "Ted" Levine (born May 29, 1957) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Buffalo Bill in The Silence of the Lambs and as Captain Leland Stottlemeyer in the television series Monk. In 2018, he starred as Ken Wheatley in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. He is the voice of Monstar Bang in Space Jam: A New Legacy.
Doctor Yellow

Doctor Yellow are a group of Japanese trains which are used to test the condition of Shinkansen high-speed train lines. The trains check the tracks on the ground and also the wires which run above the trains. Their name comes from their unusual equipment onboard "Doctor", and the color that they are painted in "Yellow". The color scheme was made from reversing the color scheme (blue with a yellow stripe) used on test trains on non-high speed lines into yellow with a blue stripe.
The trains can go as fast as normal shinkansen trains, up to 270 km/h on the Tokaido Shinkansen.
Sing-along

A sing-along is an event where people sing songs together. The song leader can use a book of song lyrics and/or music as well as an instrument.
Marília Pêra

Marilia Pera (22 January 1943 - 5 December 2015) was a Brazilian actress. She was called "one of the decade's [1980s] ten best actresses" by Pauline Kael.
Pera won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress in 1982 for her role in Hector Babenco's famous movie Pixote. She received the Best Actress awards at the Gramado Film Festival (Triple Award Winner) and at the Cartegena Film Festival for Carlos Diegues' Better Days Ahead. Her other movies include Bar Esperanza, Angels of the Night, and Diegues' Tieta.
Abel Pera, also an actor from Brazil, was her uncle.
Pera died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from lung cancer, aged 72.
Roiglise

Roiglise is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Adele Bloch-Bauer

Adele Bloch-Bauer I (1881-1925) was an Austrian Jew who lived in Vienna. She supported many artists. Adele knew the painter Gustav Klimt. She is the only woman he painted more than once. People called her "the Austrian Mona Lisa." After her death, the Nazis stole the paintings from her family. Years later, her niece and some lawyers went to the United States Supreme Court to get them back.
Early life
Adele Bloch-Bauer was born Adele Bauer in 1881. Her father worked as a director for banks and railways.
Marriage
Adele married Ferdinand Bloch when she was 19. He was 17 years older than she was. He liked her so much that instead of her becoming Adele Bloch, they both became Adele and Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer. They both liked many artists, including Gustav Klimt. She tried to have children with him, but two of them died before they were born and one baby died after.
Adele's sibling married Ferdinand's sibling, and all four of them used the same last name, Bloch-Bauer. Adele's sibling had two children.
Maria Altmann said her aunt was "rather cold, intellectual woman who was very politically aware and became a socialist. She wasn't happy. It was an arranged marriage but she was childless, after two miscarriages and the death of a baby. I remember her as extremely elegant, tall, dark and thin. She always wore a slinky white dress and used a long, gold cigarette holder."
Bloch-Bauer had parties for artists every week. Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss and Stefan Zweig came to the parties. Some of the educated people who came to the parties convinced Bloch-Bauer to support the poor and help women have the right to vote.
Paintings
According to Klimt's website, Bloch-Bauer was his mistress. She is also the only woman he ever painted twice. Adele's husband, Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer, hired Klimt to paint both paintings. Klimt painted Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I in 1907 and Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer II in 1912. Some artists also think Adele Bloch-Bauer might be the woman in The Kiss and Judith and the Head of Holofernes. The first portrait was a gift from Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer to Adele's parents.
Death
Adele Bloch-Bauer died of meningitis in 1925 when she was 43 years old.
Legal case
During World War II, the Nazis stole Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I from Bloch-Bauer's family. It ended up in the Belvedere Gallery.
In Republic of Austria v. Altmann in 2004, Adele Bloch-Bauer's niece, Maria Altmann, tried to get the painting back from the Belvedere Gallery. The Supreme Court said the painting was Altmann's. Because Aultmann could not pay for insurance and storage, she sold the painting to Ronald Lauder to put in the Neue Gallery in New York City.
Legacy
Bloch-Bauer had a large influence on modern art. Also, in 2016, the street Bloch-Bauer Promenade in Vienna was named after her and her husband.
In popular culture
The 2015 movie Woman in Gold is about Maria Altmann trying to get the painting back from the Belvedere Gallery. Adele Bloch-Bauer is shown in flashbacks.
Status quo

is a Latin phrase meaning the existing state of affairs. It can talk about what is certain or permanent social, political, or military issues. In the sociological sense, the status quo refers to the current state of social structure and/or values. It also means how conditions are without the chance of possible change.
Danny Ongais

Danny Ongais (May 21, 1942 - February 26, 2022) was an American racing driver. Ongais was the only native Hawaiian to compete in the Indianapolis 500. He competed professionally in motorcycle, sports car, CART, IndyCar, Formula One, and drag racing. Ongais was born in Kahului, Hawaii.
Ongais died on February 26, 2022 in Anaheim, California from congestive heart failure at the age of 79.
France (European Parliament constituency)

France is a European Parliament constituency that includes the entire country of France. It is represented by 79 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). It was created in 1979, abolished in 2004 and recreated in 2019.
340 on the Park

340 on the Park is a residential tower in the Lakeshore East development of the neighborhood of New Eastside/ East Loop Chicago. It was completed in 2007. The building was surpassed by 55 East Erie as the tallest all-residential building in Chicago. It is currently the second tallest all-residential building in Chicago (One Museum Park being the current tallest) at 672 feet (205 meters) with 62 floors.
Assé-le-Riboul

Asse-le-Riboul is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
New Mexico State University

New Mexico State University is a four-year public university in the United States. It has five campuses, but its main campus is in Las Cruces, New Mexico. In 2010, it had about 18,000 undergraduate students.
History
The school started in 1888. It was first called the Las Cruces College. Soon after, it changed its name to New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts. In 1960, its name was changed to New Mexico State University.
Sports
New Mexico State University's sports teams, called the Aggies, mainly play in Conference USA.
Masayuki Uemura

was a Japanese engineer, video game producer, and professor. He was known for his work as an employee of Nintendo from 1971 to 2004. He helped create the Nintendo Entertainment System.
Uemura died on 6 December 2021, at the age of 78.
University of Iowa

The University of Iowa is a college in Iowa City, Iowa. It was founded in 1847.
Amettes

Amettes is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
The Logical Song

"The Logical Song" is a 1979 song by English rock band Supertramp. It is the leading single to their sixth studio album Breakfast in America. It topped the single charts in Canada and it was their biggest single of 1979 in Canada. It also went to top 20 in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was covered by German group Scooter in 2001.
George Canning

George Canning PC, FRS (11 April 1770 - 8 August 1827) was a British statesman and politician who was Foreign Secretary and, briefly, Prime Minister.
Entry into politics
Stratford Canning was a Whig and would introduce his nephew in the 1780s to prominent Whigs such as Charles James Fox, Edmund Burke, and Richard Brinsley Sheridan. George Canning's friendship with Sheridan would last for the remainder of Sheridan's life.
Ben Eager

Benjamin Eager (born January 22, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for HC CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He has also played 407 regular season games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers, Chicago Blackhawks, Atlanta Thrashers, San Jose Sharks, and Edmonton Oilers.
Career
Before playing in the NHL, Eager played 4 seasons with the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He was drafted with the 23rd overall pick by the Phoenix Coyotes in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. On June 9th, 2010, Eager won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks.
On July 11, 2014, he signed a one-year contract with HC CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He played one season for the Chicago Wolves before retiring.
Jesse White (politician)

Jesse Clark White (born June 23, 1934) is a Democratic American politician. He served as the 37th and the longest serving Secretary of State of Illinois and the first African American to hold this position. He decided to retire in 2022 instead of running for a seventh term.
Early life
White was born in Alton, Illinois on June 23, 1934. He attended Alabama State University.
As Secretary of State
First elected to Secretary of State of Illinois in 1998, White was re-elected in 2002 by winning all 102 counties and garnering more than 2.3 million votes, the largest vote total by any candidate for Illinois statewide office in a quarter of a century. In 2006, White was re-elected to a third term, having received 63 percent of the vote statewide. White was elected to a fourth term in 2010, the leading vote-getter in the entire state.
Sapporo TV Tower

The Sapporo TV Tower is a television tower that was built in 1957, and is 147.2 meters tall. The tower is in Odori Park. The Sapporo TV Tower is in Sapporo, Japan. Many tourists go to the observation deck on this tower, which is about 90 meters tall.
Outlaws Motorcycle Club

The Outlaws Motorcycle Club is an American motorcycle club. It was formed in Mc Cook, Illinois in 1935. The club has chapters in USA, Canada, Australia, Asia and Europe.
Two of Hearts (song)

"Two of Hearts" is a 1986 song by American singer Stacey Q and was released as an independent 12-inch dance club single. It was later included on her debut studio album Better Than Heaven. It went to number 3 in the United States, number 87 in the United Kingdom, number 1 in Canada, number 4 in New Zealand, number 7 in Australia, number 18 in France, number 6 in Germany and number 5 in South Africa.
Track listings
US 7-inch single (On the Spot Records)
"Two of Hearts" (7" Version) - 3:33
"Shy Girl" - 3:43
US 12-inch single (On the Spot Records)
"Two of Hearts" (European Mix) - 7:29
"Two of Hearts" (Dance Mix) - 6:00
"Two of Hearts" (Radio Edit) - 3:45
"Stacey's Dream (A Capella) - 2:35
US 7-inch single (Atlantic Records)
"Two of Hearts" (Radio Edit) - 3:58
"Dancing Nowhere" - 3:43
US 12-inch single (Atlantic Records)
"Two of Hearts" (Vocal / European Dance Mix) - 6:00
"Two of Hearts" (Instrumental) - 4:39
"Two of Hearts" (Vocal / Radio Edit) - 3:58
"Stacey's Dream (A Capella) - 2:32
Sahiwal District

Sahiwal District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Sahiwal is the capital.
Sahiwal is on GT Road. It is 167 km from Lahore.
Zakarids–Mkhargrdzeli

The Zakarids (Armenian: Zak`aryanner, Zakaryanner; Georgian: mxargrz'elebi, Mkhargdzelebi) were a noble Armenian family in medieval Armenia and Georgia.
Le Perrier

Le Perrier is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Luizinho Vieira

Luiz Henrique Vieira (born February 4, 1972) is a former Brazilian football player.
Tangmarg

Tanghmarg () is a town and tehsil of the Baramulla District in Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Henrietta, Texas

Henrietta is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Clay County.
History
Henrietta was created in 1874.
Geography
Henrietta has a total area of 5.2 square miles.
People
Henrietta has 3,141 people living there.
Hans Cieslarczyk

Hans Cieslarczyk (3 May 1937 - 10 June 2020) was a German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
Cieslarczyk died on 10 June 2020, aged 83.
Impact Wrestling

Impact Wrestling is a professional wrestling company founded in 2002 shortly after World Championship Wrestling closed down. They are the main rivals for World Wrestling Entertainment. They made a video game called TNA iMPACT! and a sequel to it called TNA Impact! 2011 after it's weekly program which was of the same name before it was renamed Impact Wrestling.
Jeff Jarrett left the company in December 2013 and announced that he was starting his own professional wrestling promotion called Global Force Wrestling. It was later clarified that he still remains an "investor" of TNA.
On November 19, 2014, it was announced that TNA would be ending their relationship with Spike, and that they would instead partner with Discovery Communications to distribute their shows beginning in January 2015. In the United States, TNA programs, which include Impact Wrestling, will move to Destination America. Discovery will also hold rights in selected international markets. Spike's outreach at the time was estimated to be more than 97 million homes while Destination America was only estimated to reach 59 million households.
Microsoft Office 2010

Microsoft Office 2010 is a previous version of Microsoft Office, now replaced by Microsoft Office 2016. It included Microsoft Office Web Apps, an online version of Microsoft Office. The software was officially released to the public on June 15, 2010. Mainstream support of Office 2010 ended on October 13, 2015, extended support ended on October 13, 2020.
Web Apps
The Microsoft Office Web Apps was introduced as a new feature of Microsoft Office. It allows users to share documents easily with one another. Many people can edit the document and also download to edit on their version of Microsoft Office 2010. However, users need to have a Windows Live ID, and the storage space is only limited to 25 GB.
Office Web Apps can only create 4 types of documents:
Microsoft Word documents
Microsoft Excel documents
Microsoft Powerpoint documents
Microsoft OneNote documents
Other types of documents, like Microsoft Publisher, can only be created using a paid version of the software.
This service is also similar to Google Docs, a service by Google to create documents and share with people.
Shaft

Shaft can refer to
Axle, a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear
An architectural column's long cylindrical section
the height of a boot
Elevator shaft
Shaft (1971 movie) or the 1971 novel on which it was based
Shaft (album), the soundtrack for the movie of the same name, recorded by Isaac Hayes
Shaft (2000 movie)
Shaft (television)
John Shaft, the title character of the above movies.
Shaft (comics), a Marvel Comics ninja character
Shaft (band), a dance music act who scored a 1999 hit with a cover/remix of (Mucho Mambo) Sway
Shafting, illicit travelling through shafts
Shaft mining
Pitch (vertical space), a significant underground vertical space in caving terminology
Driveshaft, a mechanical device for transferring power from the engine or motor to the point where useful work is applied
The part of a golf club between its head and its grip
Penis (slang)
a weapon in the Quake video game series
Drive Shaft, the fictional rock band led by Charlie Pace in the TV series Lost
Ventilation shaft
Part of a loom
Shaft (Castlevania), the dark priest from the Castlevania videogame series
Shaft (company), a Japanese animation company
Shaft (club), a Blues and Jazz Club in Istanbul, Turkey.
Natalie Morales (actress)

Natalie Morales (born February 15, 1985) is an American actress. She starred in the ABC Family series The Middleman. She had a main role on the first season of the USA Network series White Collar. Morales was born in Kendall, Florida.
In June 2017, Morales revealed that she identifies as queer.
Totò

Antonio Griffo Focas Flavio Angelo Ducas Comneno Porfirogenito Gagliardi De Curtis di Bisanzio (15 February 1898 - 15 April 1967), best known by his stage name Toto, () or simply as Antonio De Curtis, and nicknamed il Principe della risata ("the Prince of laughter"), was an Italian actor, comedian, writer, poet, singer and lyricist.
Some of his best-known movies are Fifa e Arena, Toto al Giro d'Italia, Toto Sceicco, Guardie e ladri, Toto e le donne, Toto Tarzan, Toto terzo uomo, Toto a colori (the first Italian color movie, 1952, in Ferraniacolor), I soliti ignoti, Toto, Peppino e la malafemmina, and La legge e legge.
Medford, Wisconsin

Medford is a city in Taylor County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2010 census, 4,326 people lived there. Memford is the county seat of Taylor County. The city is mostly in the boundaries of the Town of Medford.
Geography
The city has a total area of . Of this, is land and is water. There are over 4,000 people in the city of Medford.
Tōyō Bunko

The is Japan's largest Asian studies library. It is one of the world's five largest libraries. It is located in Tokyo.
It contains around 950,000 documents, written in Asian, Western and Japanese languages.
It was started by Mitsubishi Motors and opened in 1924.
Mikoshi

A mikoshi is a special type of portable shrine that is considered sacred in the Shinto religion in Japan. It is used to carry a deity during festivals or when moving to a new shrine. It looks like a small building with walls, pillars, a roof, a veranda, and a railing.
In Japanese, "o-" (o) is often added to the front to make the word "omikoshi" (oShen Yu ). This prefix is used to show respect or politeness, and is commonly added to words that are considered important or sacred.
Pluto's Christmas Tree

Pluto's Christmas Tree is a 1952 Mickey Mouse cartoon in which Pluto and Mickey cut down a Christmas tree that Chip n' Dale live in. It was the 125th short in the Mickey Mouse movie series to be released, and the second for that year.
Mediacom

Mediacom Communications is an American cable television, internet and telephone company. It was founded in July 1995.
The company serves Columbia, Jefferson City and Springfield, Missouri, the Quad Cities of southeast Iowa and western Illinois, Cedar Rapids, Iowa City and Waterloo in Iowa. It also serves certain areas of Minnesota, Alabama and outlying areas of the Florida Gulf Coast. It serves a total of twenty-two states.
Mediacom was a publicly traded firm. It later went private. It is now owned by Commisso.
Reputation
The September 28, 2012 edition of PC Magazine said Mediacom was one of the nation's worst 15 fastest internet service providers.
The Des Moines Business Record, in its 2012 Best of Des Moines issue, gave Mediacom the top award for Best Local Internet Service Provider and Best Company Use of Social Media.
In 2016, Mediacom was named the Nation's Top Communications Provider by the publication Cable Fax.
Dale Derby

Dale Derby (September 25, 1948 - August 24, 2021) was an American Republican politician. He was a member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 74th district from 2016 to 2018. He was also a physician.
Derby died on August 24, 2021 when he drowned after his boat crashed at Oologah Lake, in Claremore, Oklahoma at age 72.
388

388 was a leap year.
Events
Battle of the Save: Emperor Theodosius I defeats Magnus Maximus near Emona.
Valentinian II is restored as Roman Emperor.
August 28 - Magnus Maximus surrenders at Aquileia and is executed.
Bahram IV becomes the twelfth Sassanid king of Persia.
Emperor Chandragupta II, ruler of the Gupta Empire, begins a war against the Shaka Dynasty in West India.
Pedro Manfredini

Pedro Waldemar Manfredini (7 September 1935 - 21 January 2019) was an Argentine professional footballer. He played as a forward. He was born in Maipu, Argentina. Manfredini played for Racing Club, Roma, Brescia and for Venezia.
In 1959, he played for the national team.
Manfredini died on 21 January 2019 in Buenos Aires, aged 83.
Baron Geddes

Baron Geddes, of Rolvenden in the County of Kent, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 28 January 1942 for Sir Auckland Geddes.
1988 Canadian federal election

The 1988 Canadian federal election was held November 21, 1988, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 34th Parliament of Canada.
National results
For a complete list of MPs elected in the 1988 election see 34th Canadian Parliament.
Note:
"% change" refers to change from previous election
Vote and seat summaries
Results by province
xx - less than 0.05% of the popular vote.
Note: Parties that captured less than 1% of the vote in a province are not recorded.
Dichotomous key

A dichotomous key is a series of questions with only two alternatives. There are only two options at each step. The purpose is to make an identification or to reach a decision. The system has long been used for identifying animals and plants. However, in principle, it can be used for many other tasks, such as fault-finding in complex machinery.
Winter Wonderland

"Winter Wonderland" is a winter oriented song often played during the Christmas holiday season. The song was created around 1934 via Felix Bernard and Richard B. Smith. The lyrics for Winter Wonderland talk about Parson Brown in the first bridge and a circus clown later in the song. This winter based song has been recorded by over 150 musicians, including though not limited to The Andrews Sisters, Amy Grant, Anne Murray and Johnny Mathis throughout the years.
Christmas songs
1934 songs
Amy Grant songs
Johnny Mathis songs
Jewel (singer) songs
Anne Murray songs
The Andrews Sisters songs
Louis Armstrong songs
Arabian Desert

The Arabian Desert is a desert in western Asia. It is on most of the Arabian Peninsula. It covers . Most people are Arabs. The main language is Arabic, and the main religion is Sunni Islam.
The countries in The Arabian Desert are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, the UAE, Oman, and Yemen.
Animals that live here are gazelles, oryx, sand cats, and spiny-tailed lizards. Very few animals live in the Rub' al Khali in the middle of the desert.
Apostatic selection

Apostatic selection is frequency-dependent selection by predators. It applies when prey are two or more forms (morphs) which look quite different. This is a kind of polymorphic species, where the predator learns to select the more common form. Then there is an advantage in looking different, and this advantage keeps the frequency above the mutation rate. The second form, or 'morph', becomes better known by predators as its number increases. So the population tends to have a kind of balance between the frequency of the two morphs.
Apostatic selection is similar to the idea of prey switching. Apostatic selection is the term used when the different forms are genetic morphs. In comparison, 'prey switching' is used when describing the predator's choice between different species.
Nordhouse

Nordhouse is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Irles

Irles is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Turing Award

The ACM A.M. Turing Award is an annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) to "an individual selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community". It is named after Alan Turing and is given each year in New York City. It is the highest award that could be given to a computer scientist. and the "Nobel Prize of computing".
History
The first Turing Award was given in 1966 to Alan Perlis, a teacher at Carnegie Mellon University. It has been given every year since.
The first recipient, in 1966, was Alan Perlis, of Carnegie Mellon University. Frances E. Allen of IBM, in 2006, was the first female recipient in the award's forty-year history.
Omid Abolhassani

Omid Abolhassani (born September 20, 1988) is an Iranian football player. He currently plays for the Azadegan League club Giti Pasand as a Striker.
Doping; four-year ban
Omid Abolhasani was banned from any sports activity for four years, due to the use of forbidden substance Higenamine.
Club career
A product of the Zob Ahan 's youth system, Rasouli was drafted into the first team for the IPL 2007/08 season.
Nicaragua national football team

Nicaragua national football team is the national football team of Nicaragua.
Daniel Licht

Daniel James Licht (March 13, 1957 - August 2, 2017) was an American movie composer and musician. He was born in Massachusetts and raised in Detroit, Michigan.
Licht was best known for composing the score for Showtime TV drama series, Dexter and for the movie Children of the Night. He was also known for composing the video game score of Silent Hill.
Licht died on August 2, 2017 in Los Angeles, California of liposarcoma at the age of 60.
Angen

was a after Joan and before Jisho. This period started in July 1175 and ended in August 1177. The reigning emperor was .
Events of the Angen era
1175 (Angen 1, 22nd day of the 2nd month): Minamoto no Masamichi died at age 58.
1175 (Angen 1, 11th month): Fujiwara no Moronaga was given the office of naidaijin.
1176 (Angen 2, 3rd month): Takakura visited former-Emperor Go-Shirakawa on his 50th birthday.
23 August 1176 (Angen 2, 17th day of the 7th month): Former-Emperor Rokujo died at the age of 13; and also in this same month, Takakura's mother died.
1176 (Angen 2, 7th month): Fujiwara no Morotaka of Kaga had a dispute with the priests of Mount Hiei; and Fujiwara no Morotsune, set fire to some of the temple buildings. The priests complained to the emperor, but the father of these two brothers was a friend of Go-Shirakawa. The actions of the sons of Fujiwara no Teki were officially ignored.
27 May 1177 (Angen 3, 28th day, 4th month): A fire destroyed the building of the Daigaku-ryo.
Civil law (common law)

Civil law is a branch of the law in common law countries. The other branch of common law is criminal law. Civil law is concerned with the duties individuals owe to other people or to their government. This excludes the duty not to commit crimes. The American form of civil justice is considerably different from European systems. Two features stand out, class actions and the awarding of punitive damages in tort cases. Many people in other countries are amazed at the number of civil cases in the United States. Americans sue in a wide variety of cases for compensation and medical expenses that are covered in other countries by national health insurance and government compensation programs.
Civil cases
Civil law is concerned with cases such as divorce, child custody and support and related lawsuits. Contract cases, tort cases (when someone is hurt and seeks compensation) and crimes which are tried in a criminal court and then tried in a civil case. Examples would be cases resulting from drunk driving or hit and run.
Civil cases use a lower preponderance of the evidence standard of proof whereas criminal cases use the higher standard of beyond a reasonable doubt. An example of the differences and that the same crime can result in both criminal and civil trials is the O. J. Simpson trials. In his criminal trial a jury decided the evidence did not meet the higher standard so he was acquitted of murder charges. But in the civil wrongful death trial he was found guilty.
Civil jury trials
The right to a jury trial in civil cases is found in the United States but in very few other places. England, Canada, Australia and New Zealand have all but done away with civil jury trials in favor of bench trials. Fewer than 1 percent of civil trials in the US are jury trials. Where juries are used, the presence of a jury has changed the form of civil proceedings. A jury has to be impaneled, they must hear witnesses and go over evidence before reaching a verdict. The verdict, in turn, must follow the instructions given by a judge.
Civil bench trials
Bench trials in civil cases are usually conducted differently than jury trials. Judges usually prefer settlements to trials and prefer bench trials because they save time. A judge can streamline a case by asking for what he wants to see and hear, not what is presented for the benefit of a jury.
Bench trials have several advantages. They are usually much less formal than a jury trial. Attorneys for both sides can usually agree on the facts of a case before the trial starts. This can save a great deal of time otherwise spent on hearing witnesses and reviewing evidence. This can save on the costs of a trial. In a jury trial, the judge is required to give instructions to the jury before they deliberate. If a judge makes an error in his instructions, this is called a reversible error and can be used as a basis for an appeal. In a bench trial, the judge gives no instructions since there is no jury. This means the judge cannot be reversed due to an error in the instructions.
Doctor of Medicine

Doctor of Medicine (MD, from the Latin Medicinae Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine") is a doctoral degree for physicians (medical doctors). The degree is given by medical schools.
It is a professional doctorate / first professional degree (qualifying degree) in some countries, including the United States and Canada. Students need to have completed 90 to 120 credit hours of university level work (see second entry degree) and in most cases should already have a Bachelors Degree.
In other countries, such as the United Kingdom and Germany, the Doctor of Medicine is an advanced academic research degree similar to a PhD or a higher doctorate. In Britain, Ireland, and many Commonwealth nations, the qualifying medical degree is the Bachelor of Science in Medicine, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, BMBS, BM BCh, BM, MB BCh BAO, or MB ChB) and is the same as the M.D. degree in the U.S. system.
In these countries it is illegal to prescribe scrips (prescriptions) and perform operations without the basic degree; also usual is the membership of appropriate medical and/or surgical societies. The societies (such as the British Medical Association) act as a kind of sophisticated trades union for doctors. In the British system, the General Medical Council has legal authority for the medical register of doctors licensed to practice medicine. They can and do hold tribunals to decide whether doctors accused of misdeeds should be struck off the medical register. Therefore, to practice it is necessary not only to hold the medical degree(s), but also to be on the register.
Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission

The Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission abbreviated as SUPARCO is the national space agency of Pakistan. It was founded in 1961. Its headquarters are based in Karachi.
It is responsible for the nation's public and civil space programme and for aeronautics and aerospace research.
Cassie (Skins character)

Cassandra "Cassie" Ainsworth is a fictional character on the British television series Skins. She is played by Hannah Murray.
Personality
Cassie is a very complicated character. She suffers from anorexia nervosa, self harm, and low self esteem. Her entire self worth is dependent on her weight, in one episode saying "I didn't eat for three days... so I could be lovely." She also drinks alcohol and takes drugs. In the episode "Tony" she is seen sorting food, a common occurrence shown by people with anorexia. Despite Cassie's many "problems", she is a very gentle, caring,kind, and loving person. Written on her "about me" section of the Skins website, she talks about how much she loves her baby brother, Reuben. Cassie will even act positive to bad news so that she will not offend.
Character history
Series 1
Cassie is released from a clinic, where she received treatment for her eating disorder. In the first episode, called "Tony", she stays with Sid and offers to have sex so he can lose his virginity, but she passes out before anything happens. In the second episode "Cassie", it is shown that she is not better and is still sick. She has also developed a crush on Sid. In "Sid", the fifth episode of the season, Cassie tries to kill herself after Sid cancels a date they planned, so that he could be with Michelle Richardson. In "Michelle", Michelle takes Sid to see Cassie, but Cassie is dating someone called Simon, a patient in the hospital she is currently in. In the last episode of the season, Cassie says she is moving to Scotland with her family, away from Bristol. Cassie writes Sid a letter and leaves it at his house after sneaking out the hospital. She is also given a letter Sid wrote to her from Tony Stonem. In the last moment of the season, Sid finds Cassie and they sit together and hold hands.
Series 2
Cassie and Sid are in a serious romantic long distance relationship. In "Sid", the third episode, Sid thinks Cassie is cheating on him and becomes angry at her. Cassie is also angry, but because Sid does not trust her. At the end of the episode Cassie takes a train from where she lives in Scotland to Bristol, to visit Sid. She waits in his bedroom for him, but when Sid enters the bedroom he is kissing Michelle (not noticing that Cassie is also there). In "Chris", the fifth episode, Cassie bitterly tells her friends that Sid is together with Michelle. She copes with her feelings by having sex with almost anyone, doing drugs, and partying. In "Effy" Sid finally confronts Cassie and her bad behavior. The two get back together, but in "Cassie", it is clear that Cassie is still angry towards Michelle. After Cassie's roommate and friend Chris Miles dies, she runs away to New York City, where she is taken care of by a boy called Adam. In the finale "Everyone", in the last moment of the episode, Sid looks for Cassie in New York, and stops in front of the diner she works in.
Nimravides

Nimravides was a prehistoric saber-toothed cat which lived in North America during the middle and late Miocene. Despite its scientific name Nimravides does not belong to the Nimravidae, but belongs to the family Felidae.
The earlier species of the genus are smaller and more primitive than the later forms. The tiger-sized Nimravides catacopsis resembles the primitive Machairodus aphanistus, a species known from the late Miocene of Eurasia.
Sylvanian Families

is a series of anthropomorphic animal figures. They are made from plastic and fake animal fur. They were started in Japan in 1985 by Epoch, but they are now sold worldwide. Many books, DVDs and TV series have been based on the characters. The characters were originally woodland animals like bears, rabbits and hedgehogs, but now other animals such as penguins, meerkats and elephants have been added into the mix. The word sylvan means "forest" in Latin.
Setting
Sylvanians were origanally set in Japan in the 1950's most of the families are rural middle-class with many luxuries and local businesses. They have many leisure activities such as horse riding, rowing and hosting garden parties. The simple caravan means that they can enjoy short stays on holiday. This means that they can be away from their house whether it is a small cottage or a multi-storey town house.
Growing
In 1985 Sylvanian Families were launched in both Japan and North America. They were such a success that in 1987 they moved over the Atlantic to Western Europe and to the UK. By 1988 these small toys were a major success world wide, they went on to win London toy of the year award 3 times in a row this had never been achieved before or after. They were so popular that in the late 80's an animated TV series was made, this was greatly watched and spain and the UK. In the 90's it was aired on American TV.
Stopping and Starting
By the mid 1990's Sylvanian Families, despite their major success, had gone out of business in the UK. The production company Tomy lost the rights to Sylvanian Families and American Calico Critters. In the late 90's another company, Flair, took over Sylvanian Families and reintroduced them into the UK. It was in 2007 that they celebrated their 20th birthday a special edition dalmation family (that had not been sold since they went out of production) with red party hats saying 'happy birthday'. 2012 was the 25th birthday and they sold a celebration rabbit family in honour a birthday that they never have seen if it hadn't have been for Flair.
The London Shop
The address for the Sylvanian Families Shop in London is 68 Mountgrove Road. The shop is quite small but stuffed from floor to ceiling with figures, displays and new box sets. People from all around the world to go to the Sylvanian shop to become one of the many people who have been inside the famous shop.
Japanese Musuem and Shop
In Japan there is a giant life size Sylvanian Families village, including a bakery with real bread based on the bread in watermill bakery. You can meet life size Sylvanian characters and go in life size houses made from the models themselves.
Frances Horwich

Frances Rappaport Horwich (born Frances Rappaport; 16 July 1907 - 22 July 2001) was, as Miss Frances, was an American television personality and educator. She was the host of the US children's television program, Ding Dong School.
Horwich died of congestive heart failure on 22 July 2001 in Scottsdale, Arizona at the age of 94.
Tong Dizhou

Tong Dizhou () (28 May 1902 - 30 March 1979) was a Chinese embryologist remembered for his work in cloning. He was the former vice president of Chinese Academy of Science
Biography
Born in Yinxian, Zhejiang province, Tong graduated from Fudan University in 1924 with a degree in psychology. He received a PhD in 1930 from Free University Brussels (ULB).
In 1963, Tong put DNA of a male carp into the egg of a female carp and became the first person to successfully clone a fish. He is regarded as "the father of China's clone".
Tong was also an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the first director of its Institute of Oceanology from its beginning in 1950 until 1978.
Al Franken

Alan Stuart "Al" Franken (born May 21, 1951) is a former United States Senator from Minnesota. He is a member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party, which affiliates with the national Democratic Party. Before he was a Senator, Franken was a writer and actor on Saturday Night Live.
Franken was also a left-wing pundit and has written several books on politics. His second cousin was actor Steven Franken.
On December 7, 2017, Franken announced in an address before the Senate that he would be resigning from his office following sexual harassment claims.
Visor

A visor can be
The bill of a baseball cap or similar hat.
A ball cap without the crown.
An opaque panel mounted over the windshield of an automobile or other vehicle that the driver or front seat passenger can adjust to block direct sunlight.
Green eyeshade - a green tinted visor commonly associated with old fashioned accountants, telegraphers and copy editors formerly to lessen eye strain.
John Ericson

John Ericson (sometimes spelled Erickson; September 25, 1926 - May 3, 2020) was a German-American movie and television actor. He was known for his roles in Pretty Boy Floyd (1960), Under Ten Flags (1960), Slave Queen of Babylon (1963), 7 Faces of Dr. Lao (1964), Operation Atlantis (1965), The Money Jungle (1968), The Bamboo Saucer (1968), Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971), Crash! (1977), and The Far Side of Jericho (2006).
Ericson died of pneumonia in Santa Fe, New Mexico on May 3, 2020 at the age of 93.
OpenVMS

OpenVMS is an operating system, which Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) originally developed for their VAX servers. Later, it was ported, and now also runs on DEC Alpha and Itanium-based systems. It is a 32 bit operating system. When it was published in 1977, it was one of the first of its kind. OpenVMS is capable of supporting many concurrent users; each user is able to run several programs at the same time. It was also one of the first operating systems with a Graphical user interface, the VAXstation was a very popular workstation at the time. OpenVMS uses virtual memory, and was originally developed as a time sharing, batch processing system. It was made for transaction processing. The jobs users submit can have a higher priority than those of the operating system. The operating system offers high availability through clustering: The system load can be distributed over multiple computers. That way, the system is "disaster-tolerant": One machine that fails will not shut the operation down.
OpenVMS introduced many features that became standard in later operating systems:
It supported computer networks, first using DECNet, later using TCP/IP
Symmetrical, asymmetrical, and NUMA multiprocessing, including clustering
A distributed file system
An integrated database: first RMS, later Rdb
Support for different programming languages, including a standardized mechanism of calls between those programming languages
An extensible Shell
A high-level of security
Today, OpenVMS is used in many enterprises where availability and uptime are critical: These include banks and insurance companies. System up-times of over a decade have been reported. A feature called "rolling upgrade" allows to upgrade software or hardware without the need to shut the system down. A data center that is destroyed will not lead to downtime either, if the system is configured properly. Customers using OpenVMS include banks and financial services, hospitals and healthcare, network information services, and large-scale industrial manufacturers of various products.
Catalan solid

Catalan solids are a concept from geometry: For each Archimedean solid there is a Catalan solid that is its dual polyhedron. In total, there are thirteen Catalan solids (as there are thirteen Archimedean solids). They are named after the Belgian mathematician Eugene Charles Catalan of the 19th centurty.
Each Catalan solid is a convex polyhedron. Like with Archimedean solids, each surface is made of the same shape.
Tate

The Tate is the United Kingdom's national museum of British and Modern Art. It is a group of four art galleries in England:
Tate Britain (opened in 1897 and renamed in 2000)
Tate Liverpool (1988),
Tate St Ives (1993)
Tate Modern (2000).
There is a website, Tate Online (1998). It is administered as a quango (a non-departmental public body).Tate is used as the name for the corporation which was started as The Board of Trustees of the Tate Gallery.
The gallery was started in 1897, as the National Gallery of British Art. When its role was changed to include Modern Art it was renamed the Tate Gallery after Henry Tate. The Tate Gallery was first started in a building at Millbank, London on the Embankment. In 2000, the Tate Gallery split its collection into four museums:
Tate Britain (in the original building) displays the collection of British art from 1500 to the present day;
Tate Modern, also in London, houses the Tate's collection of British and International Modern and Contemporary art from 1900 to the present day.
Tate Liverpool, in Liverpool has the same purpose as Tate Modern but on a smaller scale, and
Tate St Ives displays modern and contemporary art by artists who have a connection with the local area. All four museums share the Tate Collection.
One of the Tate's most publicised art events is the awarding of the annual Turner Prize, which takes place at Tate Britain.
Tate Online
Tate Online is the Tate's web site. Since its launch in 1998, the site has had information on all four Tate galleries (Tate Britain, Tate St Ives, Tate Liverpool and Tate Modern) in the same website. Tate Online helps visitors with get ready to visit the galleries, but is also a gallery as well. Other resources include information on all works in Tate's Collection of British and Modern International art, e-learning for all visitors, over 400 hours of webcasts, all articles from the magazine Tate Etc, and a series of Internet art works. BT has sponsored Tate Online since 2001.
How it is run
The Tate gets money every year from the Department for Culture, Media & Sport. It is run by a board of trustees. Under the Charities Act 1993. the Tate is a tax-exempt charity. An entry fee is charged for all special collections, and there is a membership system to attract regular visitors.
Czterdziestolatek

Czterdziestolatek or 40-latek (the English translation: a forty-year-old); broadcast in English by TVP Polonia. It was broadcasted under the title of "Being Forty". It is a Polish television comedy series which ran from 1974 to 1977.
It was very popular that it was continued and led to the release of a movie I'm a Butterfly, a 40-year-old's Love Affair and a New Year's Eve television program in 1975.
The series was written by Jerzy Gruza and Krzysztof Teodor Toeplitz and was broadcast on Telewizja Polska. In total, 21 episodes were made.
It starred Andrzej Kopiczynski, Roman Klosowski, Anna Seniuk, Irena Kwiatkowska, Wojciech Pokora, Leonard Pietraszak, Katarzyna Laniewska, Wieslaw Golas, Alina Janowska, Jan Kociniak, Tadeusz Plucinski, Lech Ordon, Jan Pietrzak, Jan Kobuszewski and Krzysztof Kowalewski.
The show was about a family in Warsaw who goes through midlife crisis, affairs, addiction, obsession with hair loss, efforts to maintain physical fitness, pride in achievements and professional life, society's role and health.
Voitsberg

Voitsberg () is a small city in the district of Voitsberg in Styria, Austria.
College basketball

College basketball is basketball played between teams from colleges or universities, usually in the United States. The most popular American college basketball league is the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Basketball in the NCAA is put into three divisions: Division I, Division II and Division III. However, there are other college basketball leagues, such as the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). College basketball teams are split into conferences, which are groups of about 10 teams.
Division I of the NCAA has two tournaments to determine who the national champion. One tournament is for men and one is for women. The men's tournament has 68 teams, and the women's tournament has 64 teams. These tournaments are often called "March Madness".
Compared to professional basketball
NCAA basketball and NBA basketball are different in some ways:
In NCAA basketball, there are more teams.
In NCAA basketball, there are fewer games.
In NCAA basketball, the 3-point line is farther back.
In NCAA basketball, the game is split into two 20 minute halves instead of four 12 minute quarters.
In NCAA basketball, the shot clock is 35 seconds instead of 24 seconds.
In NCAA basketball, the scores are usually lower.
I Started a Joke

"I Started a Joke" is a 1968 song by Bee Gees and taken from their fifth studio album Idea. It was not released as a single in the United Kingdom but topped the charts in Australia, Brazil, Canada and New Zealand and went to number 6 in the United States. It was covered by Faith No More in 1998.
Faith No More version
Faith No More released a cover version of the single in 1998 and taken from their greatest hits album Who Cares a Lot?. It went to number 38 in New Zealand.
Anushka Sharma

Anushka Sharma (; born 1 May 1988) is an Indian actress and movie producer. She is one of the most popular and highest-paid actresses in India. She acts in Bollywood movies. She has won many awards including one Filmfare Award from seven nominations. She was born in Ayodhya and raised in Bangalore. She is married to the Indian cricketer Virat Kohli.
She is a Hindu.
Her debut movie was Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008) in which she acted with Shah Rukh Khan. Sultan (2016), PK (2014), Jab Tak Hai Jaan, Ae Dil Hai Mushkil and Sanju are some of her famous movies.