kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici

Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici (11 August 1667 - 18 February 1743) was the last of the House of Medici. A patron of the arts, she gave the Medici's large art collection (including the contents of the Uffizi, Palazzo Pitti and Medici villas) which she inherited upon her brother Gian Gastone's death in 1737, and her Palatine treasures to the Tuscan state, on the condition that none of it be removed.
Life
Anna Maria Luisa was the only daughter of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Marguerite Louise d'Orleans, a niece of Louis XIII of France. On her marriage to Elector Johann Wilhelm II, she became Electress Palatine, and, patronised a lot of musicians. As Johann Wilhelm had syphilis, the union with Anna Maria Luisa produced no children. In 1713 Cosimo III altered the Tuscan laws of succession to allow the accession of his daughter, and spent his final years canvassing the European powers to agree to recognise this statute. However, in 1735, as part of a territorial arrangement, the European powers appointed Francis Stephen of Lorraine as heir, and he duly ascended the Tuscan throne in her stead. After the death of Johann Wilhelm, Anna Maria Luisa returned to Florence, where she enjoyed the rank of first lady until the accession of her brother Gian Gastone de' Medici, who banished her to the Villa La Quiete.
When Gian Gastone died in 1737, Francis Stephen's envoy offered Anna Maria Luisa the position of regent of Tuscany but she declined. Her death, in 1743, brought the House of Medici to an end.
Botanic Gardens MRT station

Botanic Gardens MRT Station (CC19/DT9) is an interchange MRT station in Singapore. It is one of four stations where commuters can transfer from the Circle MRT Line to Downtown MRT Line,
This station is located near the Singapore Botanic Gardens at the intersection of Bukit Timah Road and Cluny Park Road, hence its name. It is also near the National University of Singapore Bukit Timah campus and is behind Serene Centre.
As Bukit Brown Station will only be operational after the Bukit Brown area has been developed enough, the section of track between Botanic Gardens and Caldecott is the longest on the Circle Line.
As the distance between the Circle Line and Downtown Line platforms is relatively long, it has travelators, the fourth station after Dhoby Ghaut, Serangoon and Bugis to have travelators within the paid area.
History
The Downtown Line station (DT09) was designed by AEP Consultants and Geoconsult Asia and was constructed by Sembawang Engineers & Constructors. Botanic Gardens station is one of only two MRT stations in Singapore to have an official Malay name. The other station will be the future Gardens by the Bay MRT Station.
Prior to the opening of the station, it was named Adam. Public consultation of the station began in January 2006 and only two names were selected - Botanic Gardens and Cluny Road. Botanic Gardens was eventually selected because this station also goes to the popular UNESCO World Heritage Site. Cluny Road was also selected because it was served by the railway station "Cluny Road" that was closed down in 1930s. On 12 September 2006, the final name is renamed to Botanic Gardens.
Australia women's national soccer team

The Australia women's national soccer team represents Australia in international women's soccer. It is currently governed by Football Australia and has been a member of the Asian Football Confederation since 2006, when Australia left the Oceania Football Federation (OFC). The team is officially nicknamed the "Matildas" (after the Australian folk song and bush ballad "Waltzing Matilda"), but was referred to as the "Female Socceroos" until 1995.
Players
The following 23 players were named to the final squad for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup.
Caps and goals are current as of 19 August 2023 after the match against Sweden.
Mon Cala

Mon Cala is a water planet in Star Wars home to the Mon Calamari species. Admiral Gial Ackbar is from the planet. The planet first appeared in Star Wars: The Clone Wars and has gone on to appear in many other Star Wars media. The planet was first attacked by the Confederacy of Independent Systems but fended off the attack. It was later under the rule of the Galactic Empire but after the death of their king the species rebelled and used their large cruisers to aid the Rebel Alliance. Over 30 years later the planet was under control by the First Order after the planet helped the Resistance.
DeKalb County, Indiana

DeKalb County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 42,223 people lived there. The county seat is Auburn.
Pablo Hernández

Pablo Hernandez is a gymnast from Cuba. Hernandez competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born on 1 November 1944.
BAE Systems Hawk

The BAE Systems Hawk is the fast jet trainer aircraft of the RAF, capable of going 622 mph. The Hawk flew for the first time on 21 August 1974.
Cheburashka (1971 movie)

Cheburashka () is a 1971 Soviet animated movie directed by Roman Kachanov.
Jennifer Toye

Jennifer Gay Bishop (16 December 1933 - 17 January 2022), known by her stage name Jennifer Toye, was a British operatic soprano. She was best known as the principal soprano of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in the 1950s and 1960s. She played Josephine in H.M.S. Pinafore, Mabel in The Pirates of Penzance and Yum-Yum in The Mikado. Toye was born in Holywell, Flintshire, North Wales.
Toye died on 17 January 2022 at the age of 88.
Lilian Janse-van der Weele

Lilian Janse-van der Weele (born 1973 in Flushing) is a Dutch politician.
She has been a member of the municipal council of Flushing (Vlissingen in Dutch) since 2014, and also the first female politician of the Reformed Political Party (SGP).
Baryogenesis

In physical cosmology, baryogenesis is a process that is thought to have happened during the beginning of the universe. It would create an imbalance in amount of matter and antimatter in the universe, called baryonic asymmetry. It is still a problem in modern physics.
Alexander Scriabin

Alexander Scriabin (also spelt: Skryabin) (born Moscow January 6 1872; died Moscow April 27 1915) was a famous Russian composer and pianist. He wrote music for the orchestra and for the piano. His music belongs to the Late Romantic period, but his later works sound quite modern, and he was influenced by Impressionism. He had some very unusual ideas about combining all the arts into one work.
Life
Scriabin was the only child in a family which had an aristocratic background. He was always proud of having been born on Christmas Day (6 January is Christmas Day in the Russian Orthodox church). His mother died when he was a year old and his father spent most of his time abroad working as a diplomat. He was looked after by his aunt, grandmother and great-aunt, all of whom fussed over him so that he was a very spoilt child. When he grew up he was very short and his hands could only just stretch one octave (eight notes) on the piano.
Scriabin was educated in the Moscow Cadet Corps. He learned to play the piano and became friends with the composer Sergei Rachmaninoff who was just one year younger. He won the second gold medal ever to be awarded at the Moscow Conservatoire (Rachmaninoff had won the first one). He practised a piece called Islamey by Balakirev but damaged his right hand doing it. He still managed to continue his career as a pianist, but he wrote a few piano pieces for the left hand only. In 1895 he toured through many countries in Europe giving concerts and composing a lot of piano music. He married in 1897. He went with his wife to Odessa where he played his Piano Concerto and then spent several months in Paris. He taught at the Moscow Conservatoire and wrote some important orchestral music. Later he left his wife and children and went to Europe for several years with another woman. She inspired a lot of his music. Scriabin continued to travel and play the piano until the end of his life. When he was in London in 1914 he had a boil on his lip, which got steadily worse until he died a year later.
His music
Scriabin liked the music of Chopin and he wrote a lot of short pieces called Preludes which show Chopin's influence. As he got older his music became more and more personal. He was very egocentric (thought only about himself and not about other people) and he had some strange ideas. He wanted to write a work which combined all the arts and all the senses: music, dance, poetry, colours and even smells. He wanted this work to be performed beside a lake in India. This work was never finished or performed, and we do not know whether he seriously thought it would happen, but he did buy himself a sun helmet.
Scriabin tried using different harmonies in his music. He had a favourite chord which he called his "mystic chord" (from the bottom upwards: C, F sharp, B flat, E, A, D). He used it in lots of ways. His orchestral works include a Piano Concerto, 3 symphonies, Le poeme de l'extase (The poem of extasy) and Promethee, le poeme du feu (Prometheus, the poem of fire). His music which is mysterious and dream-like and shares some similarity French Impressionist composers like Debussy.
Oklahoma! (song)

Oklahoma is the title song from and the finale to the Broadway musical Oklahoma! It is also the state song of Oklahoma.
Weathered

Weathered is the third studio album by Creed. The album was released on November 20, 2001 through Wind-up Records. It was the number one album on the Billboard 200 during the week it was released.
Le Vilhain

Le Vilhain is a commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
Gisborne, New Zealand

Gisborne is a city on the East Coast of New Zealand's North Island. Gisborne is known as "the first city in the world to see the sun". This is because it is the first major city on the side of the International Date Line that sees the new day first.
Euphorbia antiquorum

Euphorbia antiquorum is a xerophyte announced by Carl von Linne and later described by Leon Croizat as Euphorbia mayuranathanii in honour to Indian botanist Pallassana Vaithipattar Mayurnathan, who gathered in Madras;
It is common on the Indian subcontinent, in Pakistan, Thailand, and Myanmar. It is a succulent. It occurs in areas up to about above sea level.
Hilda Jensen

Hilda Reyes Jensen (nee Reyes) was a former Brown Beret. She was a big contributor to the Chicano movement and women's rights within the movement. Jensen joined the Brown Berets when she was 14 years old. A photographer took a picture of her wearing a bandolier. The photo became the face of the Brown Beret movement. The image was put on posters, buttons, books and more things to raise funds for the Brown Berets. Because of the sexist environment of the Brown Berets, Jensen ended up leaving the it and forming a new movement with other former Brown Beret women called Las Adelitas de Aztlan. Unfortunately, violence occurred at a rally leaving many protestors dead, in the same year Las Adelitas de Aztlan fell apart. Jensen decided not to ever join an organization again because of the lives that had been lost.
European Youth Table Tennis Championships

The European Youth Table Tennis Championships were first held in 1955 in Stuttgart. The tournament has been held yearly (except 1960, 1963, 1964). Juniors (under 18) and Cadets (under 15).
La Bretenière, Doubs

La Breteniere is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
North London

North London is the northern part of London, England. The area it covers is defined differently for a range of purposes.
Forever Yours (1959 movie)

Forever Yours (, translit. Hubb lel-abad) is a 1959 Egyptian romantic drama movie directed by Youssef Chahine and starring Mahmoud el-Meliguy, Nadia Lutfi, Ahmed Ramzy.
István Séllyei

Istvan Sellyei (8 June 1950 - 19 July 2020) was a Hungarian wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 90 kg at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born in Eger, Hungary.
Sellyei died in Budapest on 19 July 2020, aged 70.
Timo Hübers

Timo Bernd Hubers (born 20 July 1996) is a German professional footballer. He plays as a defender for Hannover 96.
On 11 March 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, Hubers tested positive for COVID-19.
Electoral district of Southern River

Southern River is an electoral district of Western Australia. It was created in 1996.
Southern River is in Perth.
ÖFB-Frauenliga

The OFB-Frauenliga (official name:Planet Pure Frauen Bundesliga) (German for OFB Women's League) is the highest level of Women soccer in Austria. The most successful team was USC Landhaus Wien with 12 titels, in the last years SV Neulengbach was the best club in Austria winning all titels from 2003/04 on.
History
Women football was played in Austria actually before the Second World War. In 1936 the first championship was organized by the Osterreichische Damenfussball-Union (Austrian Ladies Soccer Union) with 9 teams from the Vienna area. But after the occupation of Austria by Nazi Germany it was suppressed. This continued till the end of the 1960s. In 1968 USC Landhaus Wien was one of the first women soccer clubs in Autria. In 1972 the first women championship after the war was organized by the Vienna Football Union. 1980 the first pure women soccer club (Union Kleinmunchen from Upper Austria) was founded. In 1982 the OFB organized the championship for the first time. Actually 334 teams are playing in 5 divisions. Also the number of players increased from 7 000 (2008) to around 17 000. Planet Pure, a cleaning supplies manufacturer from Vorarlberg, is the first official sponsor of the league.
Since 2002 the Austrian Champion plays in the UEFA Women's Cup.
Hugo Boss (fashion designer)

Hugo Ferdinand Boss (8 July 1885 - 9 August 1948) was a German fashion designer and businessman. He was the founder of the clothing company Hugo Boss AG. He was an active member of the Nazi Party from 1931 to 1945.
Volans (disambiguation)

The word volans could mean:
A constellation, or group of stars, called Volans
A South African composer named Kevin Volans.
Trento Longaretti

Trento Longaretti (27 September 1916 - 7 June 2017) was an Italian painter. He studied at the Brera Academy in the 1930s, where he was taught by renowned artists including painters Aldo Carpi and Pompeo Borra, and sculptors Francesco Messina and Marino Marini.
Longaretti stated that painting is an "elixir for long life", and continued to paint and exhibit as a centenarian.
His oil paintings have been described as dense and oily like those of Paul Cezanne, and his style having similarities to the fantasy settings of Marc Chagall and "pictorial culture" of Egon Schiele. His still life paintings have been described as "delicate and almost religious".
He became involved in the Italian figurative art movement of the 1950s.
He turned 100 in March 2017 and died on 7 June 2017.
Inline speed skating

Inline speed skating is the roller sport of racing on inline skates. The sport may also be called inline racing by participants.
Defence Intelligence

Defence Intelligence (DI) is part of the United Kingdom "intelligence Community", with the SIS, GCHQ, and the Security Service.
It is not a stand-alone organisation, but a part of the Ministry of Defence (MOD). The organisation employs civilian and military staff. The organisation was formerly known as the Defence Intelligence Staff or DIS, but changed its name in 2009.
Defence Intelligence gets information from many sources. This information is used to support military operations, planning, and defence policy. It notes politico-military, scientific and technical developments which may affect the UK. DI's assessments support the work of the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC), other Government departments, and international partners such as NATO and the European Union.
It is this 'all-source' information which distinguishes Defence Intelligence from other organisations such as SIS and GCHQ. They focus on the collection of 'single-source' human intelligence (HUMINT) and signals intelligence (SIGINT) respectively.
Flag of Iceland

The flag of Iceland has a white-fimbriated red Nordic cross on a blue field.
Reichenbach, Upper Palatinate

Reichenbach () is a municipality in the district of Cham in Bavaria in Germany.
Georgian Wikipedia

The Georgian Wikipedia is a Georgian language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Georgian Wikipedia started in November 2003. The Georgian Wikipedia has more than 130,000 articles.
Administrators and users
There are 3 administrators and more than 73,000 registered users working in Georgian Wikipedia.
Patrice Dominguez

Patrice Dominguez (12 January 1950 - 12 April 2015) was a French tennis player. He was born in Algiers, Algeria. He represented France in the Davis Cup between 1971 and 1979. He then became a trainer for several players such as Henri Leconte and Fabrice Santoro. He also worked as an analyst for different French media. Between 2005 and 2011 he was the national technical director of the French Tennis Federation.
Dominguez died on 12 April 2015 from lung disease at the age of 65.
Be (Cyrillic)

Be (B, b) is the second letter in the Cyrillic alphabet.
It came from the Greek beta, along with the Cyrillic veh. Its old name was buky. It stands for the Roman B.
The uppercase B looks like a B with the top curve missing and the lowercase one looks like the number 6.
People say it as [b].
Gaià

Gaia is a municipality in the comarca of Bages, Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.
Chantal Haenen

Chantal Haenen (born 22 April 1997) is a Dutch para cyclist. She competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
Before being impaired Haenen was involved in dressage. When she was 18 years old she was involved in a traffic accident that resulted in amputation of her legs.
She started with para cycling in 2017. She won two bronze medals at the 2019 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships and became twice World Champion at the 2021 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships.
Gloria Casales

Gloria Casales is a volleyball player from Mexico. Gloria competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics. She was born on 20 September 1946.
Anwar Ibrahim

Datuk Seri Anwar bin Ibrahim (Jawi: nwr bn brhym; born 10 August 1947) is a Malaysian politician. He is the 10th and current Prime Minister of Malaysia since 24 November 2022. Before becoming Prime Minister, he was the Leader of the Opposition from 2020 to 2022. He was the Opposition Leader before between 2008 and 2015. He is a founder and leading figure of the People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat).
Ibrahim was expected to become Malaysia's Prime Minister in "one to two years" when Mahathir Mohamad said he would resign in that time frame and hand the role to Ibrahim. However, when Mohamad resigned in 2020, Ibrahim did not replace him.
Early life
Anwar was born on 10 August 1947 in Bukit Mertajam. He studied at University of Malaya and at National University of Malaysia. In 1980, he married Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, who became Deputy Prime Minister in 2018. They have six children.
École Centrale de Lyon

Ecole Centrale de Lyon is a graduate school in engineering in France. It is in a campus of the Ecully (East of France).
Degrees
Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
Ingenieur Centralien de Lyon (Centralien Graduate engineer Master's degree level program)
Masters & PhD (doctorate studies)
Masteres Specialises (MS).
Education and research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different classes at Ecole Centrale de Lyon.
Most of the 1500 engineering graduate students at Ecole Centrale de Lyon live in residential buildings near the research labs on campus. These are also shared with 6,000 students from EMLYON Business School. The school is member of the French aerospace network France AEROTECH.
Dineshwar Sharma

Dineshwar Sharma (23 March 1954 - 4 December 2020) was an Indian politician. He was an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. He was the chief of the Indian Intelligence Bureau, that is the Director of Intelligence Bureau which is the highest-ranked post in the Indian Police Service (IPS).
He also was an interlocutor to the government of India for the state of Jammu and Kashmir. In November 2019, he became the 34th Administrator of Lakshadweep.
Sharma died of lung disease on 4 December 2020 at the age of 66.
Dino Zoff

Dino Zoff (; born 28 February 1942) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time.
Career statistics
Club
International
Managerial
Honours and achievements
Player
Juventus
Serie A: 1972-73, 1974-75, 1976-77, 1977-78, 1980-81, 1981-82
Coppa Italia: 1978-79, 1982-83
UEFA Cup: 1976-77
Italy
FIFA World Cup: 1982
UEFA European Championship: 1968
Manager
Juventus
Coppa Italia: 1989-90
UEFA Cup: 1989-90
Individual
Player
UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 1968, 1980
Ballon d'Or: 1973 (2nd place)
FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1982
FIFA Order of Merit: 1984
FIFA World Cup Best Goalkeeper: 1982
Berlin-Britz Goalkeeper of the Decade (1970s): 1999
IFFHS Italian Goalkeeper of the 20th Century: 1999
IFFHS European Goalkeeper of the 20th Century (2nd): 1999
IFFHS World Goalkeeper of the 20th Century (3rd): 1999
World Soccer Magazine's 100 Greatest Players of the Twentieth Century: 1999
November 2003: Italy's Golden Player - the best Italian player of the last 50 years, selected by the Italian Football Federation.
UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll: #5
FIFA 100
Golden Foot "Football Legends" Award: 2004
Inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame: 2012
Inducted into the Walk of Fame of Italian sport: 2015
IFFHS Legends
Manager
Seminatore d'oro: 1990
World Soccer Manager of the Year: 2000
Orders
3rd Class / Commander: Commendatore Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 1982
2nd Class / Grand Officer: Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 2000
Records
FIFA World Cup: Oldest player to play in and win a final, at 40 years, 4 months and 13 days in 1982
UEFA Champions League/European Cup: Oldest player to play in a final, at 41 years and 86 days in 1983
Most consecutive appearances in Serie A with Juventus: 330 (1972-1983)
Most consecutive appearances in Serie A: 332 (1972-1983)
Longest period time without conceding a goal in international matches: 1142 minutes (1972-1974).
Hallwood, Virginia

Hallwood, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Hassānīya language

Hassaniya ( ) is a type of Maghrebi Arabic spoken by Mauritanian Arabs and the Sahrawi people.
Bielle

Bielle is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Far-right politics

Far-right politics are politics further right on the political spectrum than the usual political right. The term is often used to mean Nazism, neo-Nazism, fascism and other organizations that have reactionary views.
Saying that superior people should have greater rights than inferior people is often associated with the far-right. The far-right have historically favored a society that believes in superior minority over inferior masses.
Some aspects of fascist ideas have been identified with right-wing political parties. The fascist idea that superior people should have more power in society has led to genocide.
In the United States, the term hard right has been used to describe some groups, such as the Tea Party and Patriot movements.
Michael Brandon

Michael Brandon (born Michael Feldman; April 20, 1945) is an American actor and voice actor who resides in London and Los Angeles.
Personal life
Brandon was born Michael Feldman in Brooklyn, New York to Miriam (nee Tumen) and Sol Feldman. At age nine, he and his family (brother Elliot and sister Debra Lynne) moved to Valley Stream, New York where he attended Memorial Junior High and then Valley Stream Central High School.
He married actress Lindsay Wagner in 1976. The marriage ended in a divorce in 1979 after 3 years of marriage. Since 1989, Brandon has been married to actress Glynis Barber, together they have a son named Alexander Max Brandon who was born in November of 1992.
Witzmannsberg

Witzmannsberg is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.
Larissa Wilson

Larissa Wilson (born 5 May 1989) is an English actress. She is best known for playing the role of Jal Fazer in the first two seasons of Skins.
Culoz

Culoz is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Waldir Peres

Waldir Peres (2 January, 1951 - 23 July 2017) was a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Peres died in Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil on 23 July 2017 from a heart attack at the age of 66.
Third Eye Blind

Third Eye Blind is an American rock band formed in San Francisco, California, in 1993.
History
Formation and early years: 1990-1996
Debut album Third Eye Blind 1997-1998
Blue and departure of Cadogan: 1999-2000
Out of the Vein: 2001-2004
Ursa Major: 2005-2010
Dopamine: 2011-2015
We Are Drugs and Screamer: 2016-2020
Our Bande Apart and Unplugged: 2021-present
Musical style and influences
Third Eye Blind's musical style has been described as alternative rock, pop punk, pop rock and post-grunge. The band stated artists like Foo Fighters, Camper Van Beethoven, Darius Rucker, Goo Goo Dolls, Jane's Addiction, Marc Bolan, Prince, The Beatles, The Police, Pearl Jam, Counting Crows, David Bowie, Huey Lewis, Lou Reed, Nirvana, Queen, The Clash and U2 as influences.
Lussas

Lussas is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France.
Qala e Naw

Qala i Naw (ql`h nw) is a town in Qala i Naw District and the capital of Badghis Province, of north-west Afghanistan. Its population is estimated 9,000 in 2006.
It has a small airport, Qala i Naw Airport.
Calamus

"Calamus" is a group of poems in Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass. They are about gay love or, in Whitman-speak, "the manly love of comrades". The Calamus poems have their seeds in a group of poems called "Live Oak with Moss". Whitman wrote these poems before or in the spring of 1859. They were printed with other poems in the 1860 third edition of Leaves of Grass to form a group of 45 poems about gay love. The "Live Oak" poems seem to be about relations between the Whitman and a male lover. Whitman sees the love of comrades as the backbone of all nations, the root of religious sentiments, the source of personal anguish and joy, and the answer to the big questions of life. The Calamus (Acorus calamus, or Sweet Flag) root is shaped like a phallus and has connections with a mythological story about gay lovers.
Rajiv Gandhi

Rajiv Ratna Gandhi (; 20 August 1944 - 21 May 1991) was the seventh Prime Minister of India. He served as prime minister from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 murder of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, his mother. He became the youngest Indian prime minister.
Gandhi remained Congress President until the elections in 1991. While campaigning for the elections, he was murdered by a suicide bomber. He was 46 years old.
Scotsport

Scotsport is a television programme on STV in Scotland. It covers the results of football in Scottish games.
Bailleul, Somme

Bailleul is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
In 2012 the population was 278.
British Rail Class 98

TOPS Class 98 has been used to cover all steam locomotives used on the mainline in Britain, but also has a particular usage for the three Vale of Rheidol Railway-design 2-6-2T locomotives that remained in the ownership of British Rail after the end of mainline steam traction in August 1968. The locomotives on the Vale of Rheidol Railway were the only steam locomotives ever officially to carry the British Rail corporate blue and the double arrow logo.
Borussia Dortmund

Borussia Dortmund (BVB) is a German Sports club in Dortmund. It is most noted for its football team that plays in the Bundesliga. Dortmund is one of the most successful clubs in German football history.
Besides football, the club has handball and table tennis departments since the end of 2004, the club also has a fan section, which represents the interests of the team supporters. In the 2010/11 season the matches were visited by an average of 79.151 people. This means that 98,1 percent of the seats were sold.
The official name reads ball play association Borussia 1909 registered association Dortmund and frequently shortened with BVB or BVB 09. The club was the first German team to win an international title (1965 Cup Winners Cup against Liverpool FC) and also the first to win the newly installed UEFA Champions League (1997, final 3-1 win about Juventus).
Football
The football (soccer) team plays their home games in the Signal Iduna Park (formerly Westfalen Stadion) in Dortmund. Borussia Dortmund competes in the highest German league, the Bundesliga.
Rosemary Hollis

Rosemary Hollis (1952 - 8 June 2020) was a British political scientist. She was a professor of Middle East Policy Studies at City University London until her retirement in 2018. Hollis was known for her studies and scholarship on the relations between the European Union, the United Kingdom and the United States with the Middle East.
She was the Research Director at Chatham House (the Royal Institute of International Affairs). She was born in Dudley, West Midlands.
Hollis died on 8 June 2020.
Heaven

Heaven, also known as Paradise, the Garden or Kingdom Come, is a place where good people go when they die. It is a concept of the afterlife (what happens after somebody dies) in many religions. Some people who believe in heaven say it is a perfect place. They believe heaven is where people go after they die if they have been good in life. Some people also believe in Hell, a place bad people go when they die if they have been bad in life. Ideas of Heaven and Hell are not the same in all religions.
In Christianity
According to the Bible, there are different meanings for the word:
Sky - the atmosphere that covers the Earth. The first time that it rained, it says, God opened "the windows of heaven."
Outer space - the sun, moon, stars, planets, etc.
The place where God lives and rules eternally. The people called prophets in the Bible, like Isaiah, often spoke of a physical Kingdom of Heaven that will occupy a new Earth, and ruled by God (Messiah) in the flesh himself, where we will have physical bodies that do not die.
The Bible does not have a lot to say about what it looks like. The apostle Paul tells about a vision he had of being taken up to "the third heaven," where he saw and heard things too wonderful to describe. But, much of what Christians believe Heaven to be like comes from the vision that John saw in a vision while praying, including:
The glory of God is the light (no sun)
Heaven is where all the true believers go.
You never sleep because of your purified new body
Has 12 gates made of pearl
Walls made of jasper
Streets made of pure gold
A river of life
Trees on each side of the river
Catholics believe Mary is the Queen of Heaven, officially defined by Pope Pius XII in 1954. However many Protestants see this as not in the Bible.
In Islam
According to the Quran and Hadith, Heaven is a place of reward for those believers who accept the true faith and practices the teaching of Prophet Muhammad. The eternal life will be perfect, with thousands of types of food and clothing more beautiful than humans could ever imagine. There will also be no sad feelings, stress or pain and related problems of life.
In Baha'i Faith
Baha'is believe that Heaven or (hell) being specific places as symbolic. The Aqdas, the holy book of Baha'is, along with other Baha'i books, describe heaven as a "spiritual condition" where being close to God is called heaven. Hell is seen as being separated from God. Baha'u'llah, the founder of the Baha'i Faith, said that the afterlife is beyond human understanding.
In Paganism
Summerland is the name given by Wiccans and other Pagan (old European religions) to their belief of afterlife (life after death).
Ada, Oklahoma

Ada is a city in Oklahoma in the United States. It is the county seat of Pontotoc County.
Saint-Germain-le-Châtelet

Saint-Germain-le-Chatelet is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Territoire de Belfort department in northeast France.
Bundesverdienstkreuz

The Bundesverdienstkreuz (Federal Cross of Merit) is Germany's only general decoration (award). It is officially called the Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany). This Federal Order of Merit was created on 7 September 1951. Germany gives between 3,000 and 5,200 awards every year, in all classes.
Most of the Lander have their own orders of merit. There are up to three ranks (member, officer, commander). The Cities of Bremen and Hamburg do not have an order, and by old tradition its citizens will refuse any decoration in form of an order.
Classes
The Bundesverdienstkreuz has eight classes, in ascending order:
Verdienstmedaille (Medal of Merit)
Verdienstkreuz am Bande (Cross of Merit on ribbon)
international: Ritterkreuz (Knight's Cross)
Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse (Cross of Merit, First class)
international: Offizierkreuz (Officer's Cross)
Grosses Verdienstkreuz (Halskreuz) (Great Cross of Merit, neck cross)
international: Komturkreuz (Commander's Cross)
Grosses Verdienstkreuz mit Stern (Great Cross of Merit with star)
international: Grossoffizierkreuz (Great Officer's Cross)
Grosses Verdienstkreuz mit Stern und Schulterband (Great Cross of Merit with Star and shoulder ribbon)
international: Grosskreuz 2. Klasse (Grand Cross of Merit, Second class) oder Grosskomturkreuz (Grand Commander's Cross)
Grosskreuz (Grand Cross)
Sonderstufe des Grosskreuzes (Special class of the Grand Cross)
The President of the Federal Republic holds the Sonderstufe des Grosskreuzes ex officio. It is awarded to him in a ceremony by the President of the Bundestag. The Chancellor, the President of the Bundesrat and the President of the Bundesverfassungsgericht attend this ceremony. Other than the President of the Federal Republic, only a foreign head of state can receive the highest class award. People can also receive the Grosskreuze in a special rare design. Only two people have had this award, Konrad Adenauer and Helmut Kohl.
Insignia
Except for the lowest class, the badge is the same for all classes. However, the badge and ribbon for women is a little smaller. The badge is a golden Maltese Cross enamelled in red. It has a central disc with a black eagle. The star is golden. It has straight rays and its size and points vary according to class. The badge is on top of it. The ribbon is red with gold-black-gold stripes.
Always (Erasure song)

"Always" is a 1994 song by English synth-pop band Erasure. It is the leading single from their sixth studio album I Say I Say I Say and went to the top ten in the United Kingdom, Austria, Spain, Scotland, Ireland, Iceland, Finland, Denmark, Germany, number 72 in Australia and number 20 in the United States.
Track listings
UK and Australian CD1
Australian cassette single
Japanese CD single
"Always" (7 mix)
"Always" (extended mix)
"Tragic"
UK and Australian CD2
Australian remix cassette single
"Always" (Cappella club mix)
"Always" (Microbots Trance Dance mix)
"Always" (Microbots In Your Brain mix)
"Always" (Hey mix)
UK 7-inch and cassette single
US cassette single
"Always"
"Tragic"
UK 12-inch single
A1. "Always" (7 mix)
A2. "Tragic"
B1. "Always" (Cappella club mix)
B2. "Always" (Microbots Trance Dance mix)
US maxi-CD single
"Always" (7-inch mix)
"Always" (Cappella club remix)
"Always" (Hey mix)
"Tragic"
US 12-inch single
A1. "Always" (extended mix)
A2. "Always" (Cappella club remix)
AA1. "Always" (Microbots Trance Dance mix)
AA2. "Always" (Hey mix)
Totton and Eling

Totton and Eling is a town and civil parish in Hampshire, UK. It has a population of around 28,000 people.
Roderick MacKinnon

Roderick MacKinnon (born 19 February 1956) is a professor of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics at Rockefeller University. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Peter Agre in 2003 for his work on the structure and operation of ion channels.
Biography
Early life and education
MacKinnon was born in Burlington, Massachusetts and initially attended the University of Massachusetts Boston. MacKinnon then transferred to Brandeis University after one year, and there he received a bachelor's degree in biochemistry in 1978, studying calcium transport through the cell membrane for his honors thesis in Christopher Miller's laboratory. It was also at Brandeis where MacKinnon met his future wife and working-colleague Alice Lee.
After receiving his degree from Brandeis, MacKinnon entered medical school at Tufts University. He got his M.D. in 1982 and received training in Internal Medicine at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston. He did not feel satisfied enough with the medical profession, so in 1986 he returned to Christopher Miller's laboratory at Brandeis for postdoctoral studies.
Career
In 1989 he was appointed assistant professor at Harvard University where he studied the interaction of the potassium channel with a specific toxin taken from scorpion venom. He learned how to purify proteins and to use X-ray crystallography. In 1996, he moved to Rockefeller University as a professor and head of the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics. There, he started to work on the structure of the potassium channel. These channels are of particular importance to the nervous system and the heart. The channels enable potassium ions to cross the cell membrane.
Scientific contributions
Potassium channels demonstrate a seemingly strange activity: they permit the passage of potassium ions, whereas they do not allow the passage of the much smaller sodium ions. Before MacKinnon's work, the detailed molecular architecture of potassium channels and the exact means by which they conduct ions remained speculative. In 1998, despite barriers to the structural study of integral membrane proteins that had stopped most attempts for decades, MacKinnon and colleagues determined the three-dimensional molecular structure of a potassium channel from bacteria utilizing X-ray crystallography. With this structure and other biochemical experiments, MacKinnon and colleagues were able to explain the exact mechanism by which potassium channel selectivity occurs.
His prize-winning research was conducted primarily at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) of Cornell University, and at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Superconductor

A superconductor is a substance that conducts electricity without resistance when it becomes colder than a "critical temperature." At this temperature, electrons can move freely through the material. Superconductors are different from ordinary conductors, such as copper. Ordinary conductors lose their resistance (get more conductive) slowly as they get colder. In contrast, superconductors lose their resistance all at once. This is an example of a phase transition. High magnetic fields destroy superconductivity and restore the normal conducting state. Some examples of superconductors are the metals mercury and lead, ceramics and organic carbon nanotubes.
Normally, a magnet moving by a conductor produces currents in the conductor by electromagnetic induction. But a superconductor actually pushes out magnetic fields entirely by inducing surface currents. Instead of letting the magnetic field pass through, the superconductor acts like a magnet pointing the opposite way, which repels the real magnet. This is called the Meissner effect, and it can be demonstrated by levitating a superconductor over magnets or vice versa.
Explanation
Physicists explain superconductivity by describing what happens when temperatures get cold. The thermal energy in a solid or liquid shakes the atoms so they randomly vibrate, but this gets less as the temperature drops. Electrons carry the same negative electric charge which makes them repel each other. At higher temperatures each electron behaves as if it were a free particle. There is also however a very weak attraction between electrons when they are in a solid or liquid. At rather large distances ( many hundreds of nanometers apart) and low temperatures (near absolute zero), the attractive effect and lack of thermal energy allows pairs of electrons to hang together. This is called a cooper pair and it is a quasiparticle, that is it acts as if it were a new kind of particle in its own right even though it is made up of two fundamental electrons.
Many overlapping cooper pairs can exist in the same nanometer sized space. Since paired electrons constitute a boson the motions of all of the cooper pairs within a single superconductor synchronize and they function as if they are a single entity. Small disturbances such as scattering of electrons are forbidden in this state, and it moves as one, showing no resistance to its motion. Thus, it is now a superconductor.
Electoral district of Algester

Algester is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 2001.
Algester is in Brisbane.
Birthday cake

The birthday cake is part of birthday celebrations in European countries since 19th century. The tradition of adding candles to the top of a birthday cake comes from Germany. Some forms of birthday cakes and such celebrating goes as far as to ancient Rome. Often good wishes are written on the cake using sugar or chocolate. Since long times birthday cakes were a sign of wealth, but since a century they became easily accessible to all parts of society. Around the world many types of the birthday cake are used often looking more like candies and combined sweets. Before the cake is eaten, the person whose birthday it is should make a wish, blow out the candles in one try - this would guarantee that the wish will come true.
Catherine E. Pugh

Catherine E. Pugh (born March 10, 1950) is an American Democratic politician. She is the 50th mayor of Baltimore, Maryland serving from 2016 to 2019. She is Baltimore's third consecutive female mayor.
In April 2019, Pugh announced she was taking a leave of absence to recover from pneumonia. The announcement came at the same time when a scandal over a "self-dealing" book-sales arrangement of Pugh's books in exchange for contracts with the city were made public. On May 2, 2019, Pugh resigned as Mayor of Baltimore amid the book scandal.
On February 27, 2020, Pugh was sentenced to 3 years in prison to be followed by 3 years of probation.
Cleopa Msuya

Cleopa David Msuya (born 4 January 1931) is a Tanzanian politician. He was Prime Minister of Tanzania from 7 November 1980 to 24 February 1983 and again from 7 December 1994 to 28 November 1995.
2016 London mayoral election

The 2016 London mayoral election was held on 5 May 2016 to elect the next Mayor of London. It was the fifth London mayoral election. The sitting mayor of London Boris Johnson did not stand for re-election. The Conservative Party candidate was Zac Goldsmith and the Labour Party candidate was Sadiq Khan. In the election, Khan was elected mayor.
Candidates
Conservative Party - Zac Goldsmith
Labour Party - Sadiq Khan
Liberal Democrats - Caroline Pidgeon
Green party - Sian Berry
UKIP - Peter Whittle
Respect Party - George Galloway
Results
Sadiq Khan - 1,310,143
Zack Goldsmith - 994,614
Sian Berry - 150,673
Caroline Pidgeon - 120,005
Peter Whittle - 94,373
George Galloway- 37,007
The election election used the supplementary vote system, which is where the voters choose a first and a second choice of candidates. After two rounds Khan was elected as Mayor.
Salignac, Gironde

Salignac, Gironde is a former commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Val-de-Virvee.
Lawyers, Guns and Money

"Lawyers, Guns and Money" is a 1978 song by Warren Zevon and is the closing track to his third studio album Excitable Boy. It was released as a single as an edited version. It was also a hit for Hank Williams Jr..
1978 songs
Warren Zevon songs
Meat Loaf songs
The Wallflowers songs
Hank Williams Jr. songs
Hard rock songs
New Hampshire's 3rd congressional district

Before 1883, the U.S. state of New Hampshire used to have a 3rd congressional district. The last representative is Republican Ossian Ray.
Schleinikon

Schleinikon is a municipality of the district of Dielsdorf in the Swiss canton of Zurich.
Rukhsana Kokab

Rukhsana Kokab () is a Pakistani politician who has been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, since May 2013.
Early life
She was born on 25 September 1954 in Lahore.
Political career
She was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) on a reserved seat for women in Pakistani general election, 2013.
Languages of India

There is no national language in India. There are various official languages in India at the state/territory level. However, 343(1) of the Indian constitution specifically mentions that, "The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals." The business in Indian parliament can only be transacted in Hindi or in English. English is allowed to be used in official purposes such as parliamentary proceedings, judiciary, communications between the Central Government and a State Government.
The Constitution lists 22 scheduled languages of India: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.
Gadani Beach

Gadani Beach is a beach on the Arabian Sea. It is near the Hub River and Cape Monze in Gadani, Lasbela District, Baluchistan, Pakistan.
Many ships have been broken up for scrap at Gadani Beach, including the SS Canberra in 1997.
Walter Fauntroy

Walter Edward Fauntroy (born February 6, 1933) is an American politician, civil rights activist and criminal. He is also a former delegate to the United States House of Representatives. He was a candidate for the 1972 and 1976 Democratic presidential nominations.
In 2012, Fauntroy disappeared and presumably fled the United States after a bench warrant was issued for his arrest. In 2016, Fauntroy returned to the United States and was arrested at Washington Dulles International Airport. He had been hiding in Ajman, the capital of the Emirate of Ajman in the United Arab Emirates.
Giuseppe Zamberletti

Giuseppe Zamberletti (17 December 1933 - 26 January 2019) was an Italian politician. He was born in Varese, Italy. He was the Minister of Protezione Civile from 1982 to 1987 and Senator from 2004 to 2009.
Zamberletti died on 26 January 2019 in Varese from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 85.
Gray County

Gray County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Gray County, Kansas
Gray County, Texas
Jared Fogle

Jared Scott Fogle (born August 23, 1977) is an American former spokesperson for Subway and a convicted sex offender. In the 2000s, he was used to market the promotion of healthy eating with Subway.
Born in Indianapolis, Fogle graduated from North Central High School and Indiana University in 1995 and 2000, respectively. He drew the attention of Subway and the media when an acquaintance wrote an article in the Indiana Daily Student about Fogle losing , which he attributed to eating Subway sandwiches. Subway hired Fogle as a spokesperson in 2000, and he was featured in much of the company's advertising from 2000 to 2015; he appeared in Subway commercials, was parodied in an episode of South Park, and had appearances in the Sharknado film series, among others.
Fogle's role as a spokesperson with Subway ended in 2015 after he was investigated for paying for sex with minors and receiving child pornography; he had been the subject of a long-running investigation by the FBI since 2007. On August 19, 2015, he agreed to plead guilty in federal court to possessing child pornography and traveling to pay for sex with minors. Fogle formally pleaded guilty to the charges on November 19 of that year, and was sentenced to serve 15 years, 8 months in federal prison, with a minimum of 13 years before becoming eligible for early release.
Alireza Jafari

Alireza Jafari (born April 25, 1994) is an Iranian actor.