kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Saint Helena (disambiguation)

Saint Helena can mean:
Saint Helena of Constantinople, Roman empress and the mother of Emperor Constantine the Great
Saint Helena of Skovde, Swedish 12th century saint
The remote British-controlled island of Saint Helena
Saint Helena, a barrier island of South Carolina (United States)
villages and a city in the United States
St. Helena, California
St. Helena, Nebraska
St. Helena, North Carolina
See also: St Helens; St. Helena Parish, Louisiana
Northern United States

The Northern United States, commonly referred to as the American North or simply the North, can be a geographic or historical term and definition.
Geographically, the term includes the U.S. states and regions of the United States of America that are located across the northernmost part of the country. It includes, but is not limited to, states along the Canada-United States border.
Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau divides some of the northernmost United States into the Midwest Region and the Northeast Region. The Census Bureau also includes the northernmost states of the Northwestern United States, that are, within the West Region.
Historical term
Before 19th century westward expansion, the "Northern United States" was considered the present day New England region. By the 1830s it corresponded to the present day Northeastern United States
American Civil War
During the American Civil War, the Northern United States meant the ones that remained in the United States of America, called the Union states. In this context, "The North" is the Union and "The South" is the states that seceded from the U.S. to form the Confederate States of America. However, some slave-holding states that remained in the Union may be counted on either side.
XSL attack

In cryptography, the XSL attack is a method of cryptanalysis for block ciphers. The attack was first published in 2002 by researchers Nicolas Courtois and Josef Pieprzyk. It was claimed that it may break the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cipher faster than a brute force attack.
AES is already widely used in commerce and government for the transmission of secret and classified information. Finding a technique that can decrease the amount of time it takes to break the secret message without having the key could cause wide damage.
In 2004 it was shown by one of the cryptanalysts, that the algorithm does not perform as described in its published paper. In addition, the method requires long effort. Unless shortened, the technique does not reduce the effort to break AES in comparison to a brute force attack. Therefore, it does not affect the real-world security of block ciphers in the near future. However, the attack has caused some experts to insert complexities in the algebraic simplicity of the current AES.
The XSL attack relies on first analyzing the internal design of a cipher then deriving a system of quadratic simultaneous equations. These systems of equations are typically very large, for example 8000 equations with 1600 variables for the 128-bit AES. Several methods for solving such systems are known. In the XSL attack, a specialized algorithm, termed XSL (eXtended Sparse Linearization), is then applied to solve these equations and compute the key.
The attack is well-known and famous for requiring only a handful of known plaintexts to perform. Previous methods of cryptanalysis, such as linear and differential cryptanalysis, often require unrealistically large numbers of known or chosen plaintexts, which make them impossible to realize.
Ely, Minnesota

Ely ( ) is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,460 at the 2010 census. It is located on the Vermilion Iron Range. It is home to several iron ore mines.
Code of Hammurabi

The Code of Hammurabi was a legal code of Babylonia written about 1700 BC.
It was written on a stele (a large stone monument), and put in a public place where everyone could see it. The stele was later captured by the Elamites and taken to their capital, Susa. It was found there again in 1901, and is now in the Louvre Museum in Paris.
The code of Hammurabi had 282 laws written by scribes on 12 tablets. Unlike earlier laws, it was written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia.
The Code of Hammurabi is the longest-surviving text from the Old Babylonian period.
The code is an early example of a law regulating a government: a kind of primitive constitution. The code is also one of the earliest examples of the "presumption of innocence" (innocent until proven otherwise). It suggests that both the accused and accuser have the opportunity to provide evidence.
History
The Code of Hammurabi was one of several sets of laws in the ancient Near East.
The code of laws was arranged in groups, so that everyone who read the laws would know what was required of them.
There were earlier laws, and later laws such as the Law of Moses in the Hebrew Bible.
These codes come from cultures in a relatively small geographical area, and they have passages which resemble each other.
The content
Nearly half the Code deals with contracts. It sets the wages to be paid to an ox driver or a surgeon. Other passages set the liability of a builder for a house that collapses, for example, or property that is damaged while left in the care of another.
A third of the code concerns household and family matters such as inheritance, divorce, paternity and sexual behaviour.
An eye for an eye
For each crime, a specific punishment is listed. Many of them look harsh to people now. The punishments included death, cutting off a body part, and the use of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" ideas. The penalties of Hammurabi's laws may seem cruel to modern readers, but the fact that he put into writing the laws of his kingdom is considered an important step forward in the growth of civilization.
The Code of Hammurabi was one of many sets of laws in the Ancient Near East.
Flaujagues

Flaujagues is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Inhambane Province

Inhambane is a province of Mozambique. The capital is Inhambane.
The region was visited by Vasco da Gama in 1498. He claimed Inhambane Bay for Portugal. The Portuguese created a trading post at Inhambane in 1534.
The province has two of Mozambique's national parks: Zinave National Park in the northwest and Bazaruto National Park on the Bazaruto Archipelago. There is also Pomene National Reserve.
As of 2017, approximately 113,288 people live there.
The Man with Two Brians

"The Man with Two Brians" is the 5th episode of the 7th season of Family Guy. It was first shown on the Fox network on November 9, 2008. The episode is about the Griffin family getting a new dog. The episode was written by John Viener. Dominic Bianchi is the director of the episode. Johnny Knoxville, Will Sasso, and Camille Guaty are guest stars for the episode.
Story
Peter, Cleveland, Quagmire, and Joe watch the television show Jackass. They want to record themselves doing dangerous stunts. Peter tries to fly over a lake. He hits a tree and falls in the lake. Brian tries to get Peter out of the lake, but he hurts his back. Joe swims to Peter and Brian and saves them both. Lois is not happy and tells Peter that Brian is getting old. Peter is sad because of this, so he gets another dog. He names it New Brian. New Brian is very happy to be with the family. Brian feels that the family does not want him, so he leaves the house.
Stewie does not like New Brian. Stewie wants the first Brian to come back. Brian does not want to until New Brian is not there. Stewie goes to New Brian and tells him that he does not like him. New Brian says that he raped Rupert (Stewie's teddy bear). Stewie kills New Brian, puts him in a trash can, and writes a suicide note that looks like New Brian wrote it. The first Brian comes back to the family. Stewie is traumatized and washes Rupert in a shower.
Production
The episode was written by John Viener. Dominic Bianchi is the director of the episode. The design of New Brian is from a drawing made by Seth MacFarlane (the creator of Family Guy). New Brian was first going to be a Golden Retriever. He was made gray so that he would not be the same color of the kitchen.
The episode was first put on DVD on June 16, 2009. Johnny Knoxville, Will Sasso, and Camille Guaty are guest stars for the episode. Viener is the voice actor for New Brian.
Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway

Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway (born 21 January 2004) is the elder child of Crown Prince Haakon and Crown Princess Mette-Marit. She is second in line to succeed her grandfather King Harald V. She is a member of the House of Glucksburg; and she is expected to become the country's second female monarch, after the 15th-century Queen Margaret.
Birth and baptism
Princess Ingrid Alexandra was born on 21 January 2004 at 9:13 am in The National Hospital, part of the Oslo University Hospital in Oslo. She is the first child and only daughter of Crown Prince Haakon, heir apparent to the throne, and the second granddaughter of King Harald V and Queen Sonja. Her mother, Crown Princess Mette-Marit, has a son named Marius Borg Hoiby, born in 1997 from a previous relationship.
Ingrid Alexandra was baptised by Bishop Gunnar Stalsett in the chapel of the Royal Palace on 17 April 2004. Her godparents were her grandfather the King, her aunt Princess Martha Louise, the Crown Prince of Denmark, the Crown Princess of Sweden, the then Prince of Asturias, and her maternal grandmother, Marit Tjessem.
On 31 August 2019, Ingrid Alexandra was confirmed in the Palace Chapel in Oslo.
Education
Ingrid Alexandra started her first day of school on 19 August 2010 at Janslokka elementary school, a local state school attended by her half-brother. School officials hoped to make the school a place where the princess could make friends and enjoy some relief from public scrutiny.
On 17 June 2014, the Norwegian Royal Family announced that from the start of the 2014-2015 school year, Princess Ingrid Alexandra would move to the private English-language Oslo International School, reportedly because her parents wanted her to be fluent in English.
Princess Ingrid Alexandra was transferred to Oslo's Uranienborg School to complete her lower secondary education. In the fall of 2020, she is scheduled to start at Elvebakken Upper Secondary School in Oslo.
Lick Observatory

The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory. It is owned and operated by the University of California. It is on Mount Hamilton, in the Diablo Range just east of San Jose, California, USA. The observatory is managed by the University of California Observatories. Its headquarters is on the campus of University of California, Santa Cruz.
Significant discoveries
The following astronomical objects were discovered at Lick Observatory:
Several moons of Jupiter
Amalthea
Ananke
Elara
Himalia
Lysithea
Sinope (disputed)
Near-Earth asteroid (29075) 1950 DA
Several extrasolar planets
Quintuple planet system
55 Cancri
Triple planet system
Upsilon Andromedae (with Whipple Observatory)
Double planet systems
HD 38529 (with Keck Observatory)
HD 12661 (with Keck)
Gliese 876 (with Keck)
47 Ursae Majoris
Issues
Due to its proximity to San Jose, light pollution and skyglow are an issue for the observatory. This was fine in the past, as San Jose used sodium ion bulbs, whose light were easy to filter out. However, due to safety concerns, LED lights which cannot be filtered out have been installed in San Jose. San Jose dims its lights when the observatory is active.
Rugops

Rugops was a dinosaur related to Carnotaurus. It lived in what is now Africa, about 95 million years ago. It was a medium-sized carnivorous dinosaur, about 20 feet long as an adult (other estimates put its length at 14 to 17 feet).
Rugops lived at the same time as Spinosaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, and Deltadromeus, in the Upper Cretaceous.
Rugops was a carnivore, with weak jaws and small teeth. It may have been a scavenger, feeding on dead animals. It also may have preyed on sauropods, such as Paralititan and Aegyptosaurus, and ornithopods, such as Ouranosaurus. The name "Rugops" means "wrinkled face". The bony wrinkles on its snout may have helped to support a structure, such as horny crest or a wattle, like on a rooster or a turkey.
Exalted Highness

His Exalted Highness is a salutation style used only for the Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar.
Penny Red

The Penny Red was a postage stamp issued in 1841 to replace the Penny Black. It was the main type of postage stamp in the United Kingdom until 1879. The design was hardly changed at all.
The colour was changed from black to red because it was hard to see the red cancellation mark on the Penny Black. It was easier to see a black cancelling on a Penny Red. It is not a very rare stamp.
Les Mées, Sarthe

Les Mees is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Belgrade, Minnesota

Belgrade is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States.
Motormännens riksförbund

Riksforbundet M Sverige (M Sverige), formerly Motormannens riksforbund is an organization for motor vehicle-owners in Sweden. It was established in 1922. in Malmo as "Sveriges forenade motorman". The name was changed in 1924.
Anna Faris

Anna Kay Faris (born November 29, 1976) is an American movie, television, stage, voice actress, comedian and singer who is known for her roles in all four Scary Movies, Lost in Translation, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, The House Bunny and Overboard.
Faris was born on November 29, 1976 in Baltimore, Maryland. She was raised in Edmonds, Washington. She studied at Edmonds-Woodway High School and at the University of Washington.
She was married to Ben Indra from 2004 until they divorced in 2008. She was married to Chris Pratt from 2009 to 2018. She has a son, Jack Pratt by her second husband Chris Pratt. In 2017, Faris and Pratt legally separated and divorced the following year. In 2021, she married Michael Barrett.
List of ornamental aquatic plants in Venezuela

This is a list of ornamental aquatic plants commonly used in aquariums in Venezuela.
This listing is a partial list and sorted by families and genera in alphabetical form.
Acanthaceae
Hygrophila corymbosa Lindau
Hygrophila difformis Blume, 1826
Hygrophila polysperma Anderson
Alismataceae
Echinodorus bleheri Rataj en Preslia, 1970
Echinodorus berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett.
Echinodorus bolivianum (Rusby) Lehtonen & Myllys.
Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb.
Echinodorus floribundus (Seub.) Seub.
Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. Et SHL.) Mich.
Echinodorus grisebachii Smal.
Echinodorus horizontalis Rataj.
Echinodorus longipetalus Micheli in A. & C. DC.
Echinodorus parviflorus Rataj, 1970
Echinodorus subalatus Grisebach, 1866
Echinodorus scraber Rataj, 1970
Echinodorus tenellum (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Britton.
Echinodorus trialatus Fassett.
Sagittaria graminea Michx.
Araceae
Cryptocoryne affinis Brown,
Araliaceae
Hydrocotyle leucocephala Chamisso & Schlechtendal, 1826
Haloragaceae
Myriophyllum mattogrossense Hoenne, 1915
Holagoraceae
Hottonia palustris Linnaeus, 1753
Hydrocharitaceae
Egeria densa Planchon, 1849
Elodea canadensis Rich
Elodea granatensis Rich
Vallisneria americana Michx
Lythraceae
Rotala rotundifolia Koehne, 1849
Nymphaeaceae
Cabomba piauhyensis Gendenre, 1844
Nymphaea amazonum LINNAEUS
Nymphaea caerulea ZUCC.
Nymphoides humboldtiana (Kunth) Kuntze
Nymphaea lotus LINNAEUS
Nymphaea micranta Guill. & Perr.
Nymphaea novogranatensis Wiersema
Victoria regia LINDL.
As It Is In Life

As It Is In Life is a 1910 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars George Nichols, Gladys Egan, and Mary Pickford.
Leslie Phillips

Leslie Phillips CBE (20 April 1924 - 8 November 2022) was a British actor. He was born in Tottenham, London and moved to Chingford when he was nine.
Death
He died at age 98 in his sleep after long illness on the morning of 8 November 2022.
Troy Shondell

Troy Shondell (born Gary Wayne Schelton; May 14, 1939 - January 7, 2016) was an American singer. His career began in 1957 and he was most famous during the 1960s. He was best known for his 1961 rock and roll single "This Time (We're Really Breaking Up)". The song made the record charts in both the United States and the United Kingdom.
Shondell was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He was married to Trina Shondell.
Shondell had Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. He died from problems caused by the diseases on January 7, 2016 in Picayune, Mississippi. He was 76.
Cabinet of Germany

The Bundesregierung, sometimes called the Bundeskabinett or Federal Cabinet, is the government of the Federal Republic of Germany and it consists of the Chancellor and the Federal Ministers.
The job of the cabinet is listed in the articles 62 to 69 of the constitution. This also has the oath of office that the minister must take.
The Chancellor is responsible for the administrative work of the Federal Government, but the work is delegated to the Head of the Federal Chancellery.
The Chancellor sets the general policy of the Federal Government, and what each ministry should do. The Federal Ministers are responsible for what happens in their own departments, and for making sure that the ministry keeps to the general ideas of the Chancellor. This is known as the departmental principle ().
If two Federal Ministers disagree about what should be done or about who is to do it or how it is to be done, the Federal Government decides with a majority decision. The is called the cooperative principle ().
The Federal Minister Law () says that a retired member of the Federal Government can have a retirement pension, if they have been a minister for at least two years. Time as a junior minister (US "Undersecretary"), who in Germany are called parliamentary permanent secretaries, is counted, and so is previous membership in a Land (state) government.
Parliamentary permanent secretaries and state ministers are not members of the Federal Government, but do help them in their job.
As a rule, the Federal Cabinet meets in the Federal Chancellery every Wednesday at 9:30 a.m.
Third Merkel Cabinet
Only members of CDU-CSU and SPD are in the Third Merkel Cabinet (2013-2018).
Lawyers in the Federal Government
This table lists the number and percentage of members of the federal government who were lawyers. In Germany the time between elections is called a "legislative period". In the United Kingdom this would be called a Parliament or in the United States a Congress.
Catch Me If You Can (book)

Catch Me If You Can is a 1980 book by Frank Abagnale. It talks about the four years that Abagnale was a con artist. Abagnale sold the rights to make a movie before writing the book. He wrote the book with a person named Stan Redding. The movie Catch Me If You Can was released in 2002.
Gallatin, Missouri

Gallatin is a city in Missouri, United States. It is the county seat of Daviess County.
The Little Mermaid (2023 movie)

The Little Mermaid is an American musical fantasy movie directed by Rob Marshall from a screenplay written by Jane Goldman and David Magee. It is produced by Walt Disney Pictures, Rob Marshall, John DeLuca, Marc Platt and Lin-Manuel Miranda, the latter whom co-wrote new songs for the remake as the lyricist, Alan Menken is set to return as the composer for both the score and the songs. It is a live-action adaptation of the 1989 animated film of the same name, which itself is loosely based on Hans Christian Andersen's tale of the same name. The film stars Halle Bailey as Ariel, Jonah Hauer-King as Eric, Javier Bardem and Melissa McCarthy as Ursula, with Daveed Diggs, Jacob Tremblay as Flounder, and Awkwafina in a voice role.
Schedule
The Little Mermaid was released in the United States on May 26, 2023.
Premise
A young mermaid makes a deal with a sea witch: trading her beautiful voice to get human legs so she can discover the world above water.
Greg Scott

Greg "Greggles" Scott (born March 6, 1969) is an English television presenter. He is best known for presenting Quizmania, a quiz show on ITV Play.
Ultra-prominent peak

An ultra-prominent peak, or Ultra for short, is a mountain summit with a topographic prominence of or more. It is also called a P1500.
Christian Wilhelmsson

Christian Wilhelmsson (born 8 December 1979) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Al-Hilal and Sweden national team.
Auld Alliance

The Auld Alliance (Scots) () is
an alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland and France. It played a major role in the relations between Scotland, France and England from its beginning in 1295 until the 1560 Treaty of Edinburgh. The alliance was renewed by all the French and Scottish monarchs of that period except for Louis XI. By the late 14th century, the treaty was renewed even when France or Scotland was not at war with England.
The alliance dates from the treaty signed by John Balliol and Philip IV of France in 1295 against Edward I of England. The treaty said that if either country was attacked by England, the other country would invade England. That happened at the Battle of Flodden Field, 1513. The alliance played an important role in conflicts between both countries and England, such as the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Hundred Years' War, the War of the League of Cambrai and the Rough Wooing.
Legacy
In a speech which he delivered in Edinburgh in June 1942, Charles de Gaulle described the alliance between Scotland and France as "the oldest alliance in the world":
In every combat where for five centuries the destiny of France was at stake, there were always men of Scotland to fight side by side with men of France, and what Frenchmen feel is that no people have ever been more generous than yours with its friendship.
In 1995, celebrations were held in both countries for the 700th anniversary of the beginning of the alliance.
Canadian Eskimo Dog

The Canadian Eskimo Dog is an Arctic breed of working dog. Another name for it is qimmiq, and it was brought to North America from Siberia by the Thule people.
List of publishers

This is a list of publishers in English.
A
Anvil Press Poetry
Arcade Publishing
Ardis Books Homepage
Athlone Books
Atlas Press
B
Basic Books
Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
Bison Books
Black Sparrow Books
Bloodaxe Books
Bloomsbury.com - Home page
Borzoi Reader Classics
C
Calder Publications
Cambridge University Press
Carcanet
Carroll and Graf
Catbird Press
Central European University Press
City Lights Publishers
Columbia University Press
CompanionGuides.com
Continuum - Athlone
Copper Canyon Press
Counterpoint Press
Creation Books
D
Da Capo Press
Dalkey Archive Press
Dedalus Books
Detritus.com
Dover Publications
Duckworth Online
E
Ediciones Altovolta
Exact Change
F
Farrar
G
Glas New Russian Writing
Godine Publishing
Grove Press / Atlantic Monthly Press
H
Hackett
HarperCollins Publishers
Harvard University Press
Harvill Press at Random House
Hesperus press
I
iBooks, Inc.
Indiana University Press
Inpress Books UK
Intellect
Interlink Publishing Online
Ivan R. Dee
J
Johns Hopkins University Press
K
Kessinger Publishing
Kodansha
M
Malton House Press
Marion Boyars Online
Methuen
MIT Press
Modern Library
N
New Directions Publishing
Northwestern University Press
NYRB Classics
O
Oomf, Inc.
Open Court
Open Court Book
Overlook Press
Oxford University Press - UK
Oxford University Press - US
P
Pan Macmillan
Pantheon Books at Random House
Pathfinder Books
Paulist Press
Penguin Classics
Penguin Group (USA)
Penguin UK
Peter Owen Publishers
Phaidon Press
Phoenix Press history reprints
Picador UK
Picador USA
Pimlico Books at Random House
Princeton University Press
Prometheus Books
R
Random House UK
randomhouse.com (US)
Routledge
S
Schocken Books
Scholastic Inc.
Kitchener, Ontario

Kitchener is a city in Ontario, Canada. Kitchener is in Southwestern Ontario and is near Toronto, Hamilton, Mississauga and London. It is in Waterloo Region. Other cities in Waterloo Region include Waterloo and Cambridge. Sometimes Kitchener, Waterloo, and Cambridge are known as the "technology triangle". It is on the Grand River, which leads to Lake Erie.
History
At first, Kitchener was called Berlin. When World War I started it seemed like a bad idea to have a city named after the capital of Germany. The city was renamed Kitchener, after a British general, Herbert Kitchener. Kitchener then slowly became a prosperous city as it is today.
Future
A rapid transit system is planned to be added in the Waterloo Region.
Laboratory for analysis and architecture of systems

The Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems (Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systemes), LAAS, is one of the big research laboratories of the French National Center for Scientific Research (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS) in Toulouse, France, and is usually named LAAS-CNRS. It is associated with the six founding members of the University of Toulouse: The Paul Sabatier University, the National Institute of Applied Sciences of Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), the National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse (INP toulouse), the Institut superieur de l'aeronautique et de l'espace (ISAE), which is the merger between ENSICA (the National Superior School of Aeronautic Construction Engineers) and SUPAERO (National Superior School of Aeronautics and Space), the University of Toulouse II Mirail and the Toulouse 1 University Capitole.
La Brévière

La Breviere is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Val-de-Vie.
Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz

Hussein bin Ali Al-Hashimi, was the Sharif of Mecca and the one who, following the Hussein McMahon correspondace, incited the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire in World War l. By calling themselves Hashemites, his family claims to descend from the Prophet Banu Hashim. This lineage, along with the fact that Sharif Hussein has been the official protector of the holy sites of Mecca and Medina since 1908, legitimized him for many Arab Muslims as the natural leader of the Arabs.
Having been under Ottoman rule for a long time and serving as officials of the Ottoman government, Sharif Hussein and his sons did not participate in the Arab nationalist movement and political opposition that had emerged in Damascus, Beirut and Cairo around 1912 before the First World War. However, their position changed when the Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamit II and the CUP government began to centralize their power, narrowing down on Hussein with the Hijaz railway from Damascus to Medina, thereby threatening the autonomous power of Sharif Hussein in 1908. When war broke out, Hussein saw an opportunity to expand his influence and oppose Ottoman rule. Sharif Hussein became the leader of the Arab revolt and in the subsequent Hussein-McMahon correspondence, it was he who negotiated with the British for an independent Arab state in exchange for the Arab revolt against the Ottomans.
Nong Sanfeng

Nong Sanfeng (born 11 February 1998) is a Chinese water polo player. She played at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, 2018 Asian Games, and 2019 Summer Universiade.
British Rail Class 111

The Class 111 DMUs were based on Class 101/2s, but with different engines. The only external body difference was on the final batch of cars where a four character headcode box was fitted above the front cab Windows with the destination indicator on top of a reduced height centre window.
The first cars built, part of an order for 339 Met-Camm cars, were 4 power/trailer sets for the LMR Manchester area built in early 1957. One of these had supercharged 230 hp 6-cylinder engines. This was followed by ten 3-car sets comprising DMBS/TS/DMC for the NER at Bradford, then a further twenty 3-car sets.
Communes of the Vosges department

The following is a list of the 515 communes of the Vosges departement in France.
Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is cancer arising in the bladder. It is much more common in men than in women.
Ampersand

The ampersand (&), also referred to as the and sign, is a logogram (a diagram standing for a word).
It represents the Latin conjunction et, which means and. The ampersand symbol is not only a logogram, but also a ligature. It joins the old handwritten Latin letters e and t of the word et, so that the word is represented as a single glyph.
With a c added on it means "et cetera", "and so on".
In everyday writing, the ampersand is sometimes written like a reversed 3 with a vertical line through it.
Thomas Tlou

Thomas Tlou (1 June 1932 - 28 June 2010) was a Botswana academic and historian. Tlou was the first Motswana (Botswana citizen) to be vice-chancellor of the University of Botswana, serving from 1985 to 1998. After, he continued at the university as professor of history, finally retiring in 2005.
Tlou died in Gaborone, Botswana from a heart attack, aged 78.
Murad Wilfried Hofmann

Murad Wilfried Hofmann (6 July 1931 - 13 January 2020) was a German politician and author. He wrote many books on Islam, including Journey to Makkah () and Islam: The Alternative (). He was one of the signatories of A Common Word Between Us and You. He was born in Aschaffenburg, Germany. Hofmann was a German ambassador to Algeria (1987-1990) and Morocco (1990-1994).
Hofmann died on 13 January 2020 in Bonn, Germany at the age of 88.
Totally Spies!

Totally Spies! is a French/Canadian animated television series produced by Marathon Media and Image Entertainment Corporation. The show was first broadcast on November 3, 2001 on ABC Family in USA. It was also broadcast on TF1 in France and Teletoon in Canada.
Totally Spies! The Movie was released on July 22, 2009 in France. The show had been running since 2001. A sixth season was confirmed by Marathon Media to premiere on September 4, 2013. 156 episodes divided in 6 seasons
Plot
The series centers around the adventures of three teenage girls - Sam, Alex and Clover - who live a double life as spies working for the World Organization of Human Protection (WOOHP). The girls are recruited by the organization's leader, Jerry Lewis, to solve crises that arise around the world. Many of their missions involve dealing with disgruntled villains who have been wronged in some form during their past. Several have exacted revenge on the spies by invading their personal lives. The b-stories focus on the girls' daytime lives as high school students, dealing with relationships, school and school rivals.
Episodes
The show premiered a season 1 with 26 episode a second season with 26 episodes a Third season was Co-produced by Image and Teletoon. The show had a third season with 26 episodes, a Fourth season with 26 episodes and a Fifth season with 26 episodes it was going to be canceled but a Sixth season of Totally Spies! was confirmed in 2011 by Marathon Media with 26 episodes to be in production or making in 2012 with TF1 and The Walt Disney company France each episode was 26 minutes long Zodiak Kids licensing to TF1 France, Teletoon Canada, Super DEA Kids Italy, Nickelodeon Central and Eastern Europe, Nickelodeon Germany, Nickelodeon Netherlands and Cartoon Network Latin America
Movie
Main Article : Totally Spies! The Movie
Totally Spies! The Movie 2009 film by Marathon Media hit 110 theaters in France and Netherlands. The Film was awarded 2011 kidscreen
Release
Broadcast
Totally Spies premiered on November 3, 2001 on ABC Family. It later premiered in Europe on channels such as Germany's ProSieben, France's TF1 and the United Kingdom's Channel 4 during the spring of 2002. The show later moved to Cartoon Network, where it attracted 1.6 million viewers (aged 4 - 10) daily and continued airing until 2009. The show has also attracted over one million viewers in France since its debut. It was later re-licensed and its sixith season, along with Totally Spies! The Movie and the show's spin off The Amazing Spiez!. The show aired its sixth season in France and is being broadcast around Europe. The Amazing Spiez! was broadcast in France on TF1, Canada on Teletoon, Japan on NHK, USA on Cartoon Network, Southeast Asia on Disney Channel Asia. The sixth season of Totally Spies! was re-licensed with new and old broadcasters! The sixith season made its debut on its Original network of TF1 in France on September 4, 2013 and Teletoon in Canada on September 7, 2014.
Home media
Good Times Entertainment released seasons 1-3 was made formated on DVD on Amazon.
Zaw Htay

Zaw Htay (, also known as Hmuu Zaw; died 23 May 2022) was a spokesman of the Myanmar government who was the director general of the State Counsellor's Office from April 2016 to February 2021. He was the presidential spokesman of the Myanmar Office of the President from April 2011 to April 2016 under President Thein Sein.
Gunnar Hansen

Gunnar Hansen (March 4, 1947 - November 7, 2015) was an Icelandic-American actor and author. He was best known for playing the mentally-ill cannibal Leatherface in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974).
Hansen was born in Reykjavik, Iceland. He was raised in Maine and in Austin, Texas. He studied at the University of Texas at Austin. Hansen died of pancreatic cancer on November 7, 2015 at the age of 68.
Tabloid

The term tabloid is used to describe newspapers or magazines with pages smaller than regular journals, although there is no standard for the exact dimensions of a tabloid. It is also used (sometimes inappropriately or as an insult) to describe a newspaper that sensationalizes news stories, often with a focus on personalities and gossip, and much less detailed coverage of topics such as politics and economics than is offered by newspapers regarded as more serious. Tabloids usually include more "celebrity" news than political.
Nick Nurse

Nick Nurse (born July 24, 1967) is an American basketball coach currently coaching the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Yun Hyon-seok

Yun Hyok-seok (, October 7, 1984 - April 26, 2003) was a South Korean activist, poet and writer. He fought for human rights, civil rights, LGBT rights and peace. His nickname was Yook Woo Dang (), which means "six friends". He wrote using the names Sulheon (, ) and Midong (, , "Beauty Boy"), Donghwa (donghwa, Tong Hua , Boy's flower), Roman Catholic baptismal name is Antonio.
Yun was born in Incheon. His family is Catholic. He later moved to Seoul. While he was a student, he began writing and poetry. In March 2000, he started going to Incheon Seil high school. At high school, he came out as gay. This made him isolated from his classmates. By November 2002, he left high school. He began living in a neighbourhood of Dongdaemun District of Seoul.
Yun's nickname, Yook Woo Dang, means "six friends". It refers to alcohol, tobacco, sleeping pills, foundation make-up, green tea and rosary beads. His penname Sulheon came from Heo Chohui's nickname Nanseolheon. Heo Chohui was a female poet and painter during the Joseon dynasty in Korea.
In 2002 and 2003, Yun became an activist for human rights and peace. In March 2003, he was a conscientious objector to South Korea's conscription military service. But his opinions did not matter to some Koreans, because of his sexuality. In early April 2003, some South Korean Christian organisations gave a statement against homosexuality. Yun spoke out against this and wrote an article to some South Korean newspapers and the foreign press.
In April 26, 2003, Yun committed suicide, in Dongdaemun in Seoul. He hanged himself. He did it to protest discrimination against gay people in South Korea.
Parker, South Dakota

Parker is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Turner County, and 1,022 people lived there at the 2010 census. Parker became a city in 1883.
1948 Summer Olympics

The 1948 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad, were held at London in the United Kingdom.
These were the first Summer Olympics to be held since the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, because no Games were held during World War II.
In part, the games were thought to be a success because the Organizing Committee did not go into debt. The final financial report showed a L29,000 profit.
Participating nations
A total of 59 nations sent athletes to compete at the London Games.
Ljusdals BK

Ljusdals BK is a bandy club in Ljusdal in Sweden. Established in 1943, the club won the Swedish national men's bandy championship in the year of 1975.
Keith Ballard

Keith Ballard (born November 26, 1982 in Baudette, Minnesota) is a former American NHL ice hockey defenceman for the Minnesota Wild. He was picked by the Buffalo Sabres with the eleventh overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He played hockey in college for the University of Minnesota's Golden Gophers. Ballard has also played for the Phoenix Coyotes for 3 seasons and the Florida Panthers for 2 seasons before being traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 2010 during the 2010 NHL Entry draft for Michael Grabner, Steve Bernier, and Vancouver's first round pick and 25th overall selection in that draft. On July 3, 2013, he was placed on waivers and his contract was bought out by the Canucks. On July 4th, 2013, Ballard signed a two-year $3 million contract with the Minnesota Wild.
Ballard is married and had a daughter with his wife in May 2010.
1260

Events
Europe
War and politics
September 4 - The Sienese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeats the Florentine Guelphs at Montaperti.
King Otakar II of Bohemia captures Styria from King Bela IV of Hungary in the Battle of Kressenbrunn.
The Baltic Samogitians and Curonians defeat the Teutonic knights in the Battle of Durbe.
The Duchy of Saxony is divided into Saxony-Lauenberg and Saxony-Wittenberg, marking the end of the first Saxon state.
War breaks out in the Valais (today in Switzerland) as the Bishopry of Sion defends against an invasion by the County of Savoy.
Culture
October 24 - The spectacular Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France; the cathedral is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Construction on the Dunkeld Cathedral begins in Perthshire, Scotland.
Construction begins on the cathedral at Meissen.
Construction begins on the cathedral at Schwerin.
Jacobus de Voragine compiles his work, the Golden Legend, a late medieval best-seller.
Nicola Pisano sculpts the pulpit of the Pisa Baptistery.
German musical theorist Franco of Cologne publishes Ars Cantus Mensurabilis, in which he advances a new theory of musical notation in which the length of a musical note is denoted by the shape of that note, a system still used today.
The mosaic Christ between the Virgin and St Minias is made on the facade of Florence's Basilica di San Miniato al Monte.
The advent of the Age of the Holy Spirit predicted by Joachim of Fiore according to his interpretation of Revelations Ch 6.
Asia
May 5 - Kublai Khan becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire.
May 21 - Kublai sends his envoy Hao Jing to negotiate with the Song Dynasty Chancellor Jia Sidao, after the small force left by Kublai south of the Yangzi River is destroyed by a Chinese army of the Southern Song Dynasty. Chancellor Jia Sidao ordered to imprison the entire embassy of Kublai. This slight would not be forgotten by Kublai, but he was unable to assault the Song due to the civil war with his rival brother Ariq Boke.
September 3 - The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.
The Sena Dynasty of Bengal falls.
The Chinese era Jingding begins and ends in the Southern Song Dynasty of China.
The Japanese Shogen era ends, and the Bun'o era begins.
The Hindu Silharya Dynasty, which ruled an area around Mumbai, ends.
The newly formed Sukhothai kingdom of Thailand adopts Theravada Buddhism.
Africa
October 24 - Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself.
National Council of Turkmenistan

The National Council of Turkmenistan () is Turkmenistan's bicameral national legislative body or parliament. The upper chamber is the People's Council () and the lower chamber is the Assembly (). The National Council was created in March 2021 after election of members to the upper chamber.
Kevin Doyle

Kevin Doyle (born 18 September 1983) is an Irish football player. He plays for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Republic of Ireland national team.
Vienne-en-Arthies

Vienne-en-Arthies is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
Richard Dominguez

Richard Dominguez (born Eufrancio Ricardo Dominguez September 22, 1960 in Dallas, Texas) is an American comic book creator. He is best known for making the comic book El Gato Negro.
Biography
Richard Dominguez was born in Dallas, Texas on September 22, 1960 as the second of seven children. Dominguez first read comics at the age of six. He was first interested in art while in high school. He took classes in Commercial Art and later took Life Drawing classes in community college. Richard later worked as an intern for art and design studios in the late '80s and early '90s.
Azteca Productions
Richard made the Azteca Productions company and imprint in 1993. The first publication was El Gato Negro #1. Dominguez first got the idea for El Gato Negro in the late '80s. He originally planned thought of putting the character in a team of superheroes. Liking the character better on his own, Dominguez left the original project and focused on El Gato Negro. A lot of the character's personality and look was inspired by Dominguez's favorite superheroes like The Spirit, The Crimson Avenger, Daredevil, Nightwing, The Shadow, The Phantom, Zorro and Batman. The character has been popular since his introduction. and other media Dominguez is currently looking to make a movie on the character.
Dominguez made his superhero group with the help of friend and writer Michael S. Moore in 1997 in a book called Team Tejas. Richard stopped publishing his books after 1997 to spend time with his family. He later came back to publish new El Gato Negro stories in 2004. Other books he plans on publishing are Lucha Grande Comics, The Acolyte, Demon Hunter, and a revival of Judge Margarito C. Garza's Relampago!
P.A.C.A.S.
The Professional Amigos of Comic Art Society or P.A.C.A.S. was a non-profit organization made by Richard Dominguez with his friends Carlos Saldana, Jose Martinez, and Fernando Rodriguez in 1995. The group was made to bring together different artists, comic book and cartoon creators together to help with each other's projects. P.A.C.A.S. grew to over 50 members. Most of them lived in California. The P.A.C.A.S. group no longer exists but there are rumors of a new one being made. Only an official website and MySpace page stand in tribute to their effort.
Scottish Labour

The Scottish Labour Party is a political party in Scotland. It is part of the British Labour Party. The party's policies usually promote social democracy and democratic socialism. It also supports Scotland remaining part of the United Kingdom.
In the Scottish Parliament, it is the third party. It controls 22 out of 129 seats. The party also control 1 out of 59 Scottish seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom (having previously held 41)
Following a heavy defeat in Scotland in the United Kingdom general election, 2015, Jim Murphy announced his resignation as party leader on 16 May 2015. On 15 August 2015 Kezia Dugdale was elected leader of the party, with Alex Rowley as her deputy. In 2017 Dugdale resigned and Rowley became acting leader. Richard Leonard was elected as the party's leader on 18 November 2017.
Casino

A casino is a gambling establishment where gambling with declared monetary or other property gains is carried out using roulette, gaming tables for card games and dice, gambling machines, and other gambling equipment. The board game is conducted with the help of assistants - the dealer.
In modern English, casinos are places associated with gambling. These are often built on or around hotels, cruise ships, restaurants and certain other places.
There are lots of casinos in the US state of Nevada and especially in the area of Las Vegas called the "Strip". Other places famous for their casinos is Monte Carlo in Monaco and Macau in China, but they are also prevalent in certain other parts of the world.
In Mexico, gambling is regulated by the Gaming Regulations. It regulates all gambling games and is governed by the law except the National Lottery, which is ruled through its own regulation.
Gambling in Canada is regulated on the Federal level by the Criminal Code of Canada whose Section 201- 207 provides for laws relating to betting and gambling.
The principle of most games held in the casino is the result of the game, for its participant depends, first of all, on the element of chance. In casino games, a casino can act as the actual organizer (roulette, blackjack, craps), and as a serving party (Texas poker, Omaha poker, baccarat, etc.).
In the most casinos in the world gambling halls are divided into two types: a hall of traditional games and a games room. Games that have gained the most popularity in casinos around the world: roulette, blackjack, poker, baccarat, punto-banko, craps, slot machines etc.
In 1994 the internet brought forth the web's first online casino named the Gaming Club. It was developed by Microgaming software and is still operating with active players today. Microgaming became one of the internet casino industry's largest providers of online gambling software early on. Internet casinos are currently legal and regulated in the United Kingdom and some parts of the United States.
Primelin

Primelin () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France.
Camagüey

Camaguey is a city and municipality in central Cuba. It is the country's third largest city and capital of the Camaguey Province. It has more than 321,000 inhabitants.
Busbar

A busbar (or bus bar) is a strip of metal used to conduct electricity within an electrical substation, distribution board, electric switchboard or other electrical equipment. A busbar is usually a flat or hollow piece of copper, brass or aluminium. It allows heat to be released quickly because of its relatively large surface area.
Jackson Park (Chicago)

Jackson Park is a 500-acre (2 km2) park on Chicago's South Side, located at 6401 South Stony Island Avenue in the Woodlawn community area.
It extends into the South Shore and Hyde Park community areas, bordering Lake Michigan and several South Side neighborhoods.
It is named for President Andrew Jackson, it is one of two Chicago Park District parks with the name "Jackson", the other being Mahalia Jackson Park in the community area of Auburn Gresham on the far southwest side of Chicago.
The parkland was first developed as the host site of the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. The Museum of Science and Industry resides in the remaining "palace" in the park from that era. The park includes woodland trails, playing fields, a beach, golf course, and a boat harbor.
It is the future site of the Barack Obama Presidential Center and library.
Lago di Annone

Lago di Annone (also called Lago di Oggiono) is a lake in the Province of Lecco, Lombardy, Italy. It borders the municipalities of Annone di Brianza, Suello, Civate, Galbiate and Oggiono.
Darkly Dreaming Dexter

Darkly Dreaming Dexter is a 2004 book written by Jeff Lindsay. It won the 2005 Dilys Award.
The television show Dexter was based on the book.
Stig Claesson

John Stig Claesson (June 2, 1928 - January 4, 2008) was a Swedish writer and illustrator. He also was known by his signature Slas.
Biography
Claesson was born on June 2, 1928 in Huddinge, south of Stockholm. He went to the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts between 1947 and 1952, when he began to illustrate Swedish classical books such as those written by Per Anders Fogelstrom.
Claesson was the father of actor Leif Claesson. Stig died on January 4, 2008 in Stockholm.
The Essential Billy Joel

The Essential Billy Joel is a greatest hits album by Billy Joel and released on 2 October, 2001 through Sony BMG. It went to number 14 in New Zealand, number 15 in the United States, number 50 in Australia and number 66 in Ireland.
Track listing
All songs written by Billy Joel.
Deaths in 2020

The following is a list of notable deaths in 2020. For notable deaths for each month, please see "Months". Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.