July 14

Events
Up to 1900
756 - An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang of China flees the capital Chang'an as An Lushan's forces advance toward the city.
1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France.
1769 - Spanish soldier Gaspar de Portola leads the first European land expedition to present-day California.
1771 - Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junipero Serra.
1789 - The Bastille is attacked, starting the French Revolution.
1790 - The citizens of Paris celebrate the constitutional monarchy and national reconciliation in the Fete de la Federation.
1798 - La Marseillaise becomes the national anthem of France
1798 - The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States, making it a federal crime to write, publish or say heavily critical or false statements about the United States Government.
1853 - Start of the first major World's Fair to take place in the United States, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City.
1865 - The first ascent of the Matterhorn is made, by a team lead by Edward Whymper. Four members of the group die on the way back down.
1865 - Piz Buin, the highest peak in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg, first climbed by a team of four led by Joseph Anton Specht.
1881 - At Fort Sumner, New Mexico, Pat Garrett shoots and kills Billy the Kid.
1900 - The Armies of the Eight Nation Alliance capture Tientsin, China, during the Boxer Rebellion.
1901 2000
1902 - The Campanile in Saint Mark's Square, Venice, collapses.
1911 - Henry Atwood, an exhibition pilot for the Wright Brothers, lands his airplane on the South Lawn of the White House.
1916 - World War I: Start of the Battle of Delville Wood as an action within the Battle of the Somme.
1920 - The Red Army conquers Vilnius during the Polish-Soviet War.
1933 - Gleichschaltung: All political parties, apart from the Nazi Party, are banned in Germany.
1943 - In Diamond, Missouri, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the US National Monument in honor of an African American.
1948 - Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot and wounded outside the Italian Parliament.
1950 - Korean War: North Korean troops start the Battle of Taejon.
1951 - At Silverstone, England, Argentina's Jose Froilan Gonzalez achieves Ferrari's first Formula One Grand Prix victory.
1957 - In Egypt, Rawya Ateya becomes the first Member of the Parliament in the Arab world.
1958 - King Faisal II of Iraq is killed, and the monarchy is overthrown by forces lead by Abdul Karim Kassem, who takes over as head of state.
1958 - In Ghana, the Ghanaian pound replaces the colonial British West African pound.
1960 - Jane Goodall arrives at the Gombe Stream Reserve in present-day Tanzania to begin her famous study of chimpanzees in the wild.
1964 - Frenchman Jacques Anquetil wins his 5th Tour de France and his 4th in a row.
1965 - The Mariner 4 fly-by of Mars takes the first close-up photographs of a planet other than Earth.
1969 - Football War: After Honduras loses a football match against El Salvador, riots break out against El Salvadoran migrant workers in Honduras.
1969 - In the US, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10 000 dollar bills are withdrawn from circulation.
1976 - Capital punishment is banned in Canada.
1987 - Montreal is hit by a series of thunderstorms causing the Montreal flood of 1987.
2000 - A powerful solar flare causes a geomagnetic storm on Earth.
From 2001
2002 - An assassination attempt is made on French President Jacques Chirac at a Bastille Day parade.
2003 - The United States Government admits the existence of Area 51.
2006 - Tropical storm Bilis strikes the Chinese mainland - Hunan province experiences its worst flooding in 100 years.
2007 - The Gran Telescopio Canarias reflecting telescope begins operations on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands.
2011 - The United Nations admits South Sudan as the 193rd member nation.
2014 - The Church of England votes in favor of having female bishops at its General Synod (its official meeting).
2015 - The novel Go Set a Watchman by Harper Lee goes on sale.
2015 - A deal is struck on limiting Iran's nuclear programme in return for sanctions relief.
2015 - The New Horizons space probe passes by the dwarf planet Pluto.
2016 - 2016 Nice attack: A truck is driven through a crowd celebrating Bastille Day in Nice, Southern France, killing 84 people.
2018 - Tennis: Angelique Kerber becomes the first German to win the women's singles title at the Wimbledon championships since Steffi Graf in 1996, by defeating Serena Williams in two sets in the final.
2019 - Novak Djokovic wins a five-set final against Roger Federer to win his fifth singles title at the Wimbledon championships.
2019 - England wins the men's Cricket World Cup for the first time, defeating New Zealand in a close match in the final.
2019 - US President Donald Trump causes controversy and debate with a Twitter attack on four ethnic minority Democrat Congresswomen also known as "The Squad" - Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, Rashida Tlaib and Ayanna Pressley.
Births
Up to 1900
1454 - Poliziano, Italian humanist (d. 1494)
1602 - Jules Mazarin, French statesman and cardinal (d. 1661)
1610 - Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1670)
1634 - Pasquier Quesnel, French theologian (d. 1719)
1675 - Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French nobleman, soldier and adventurer (d. 1747)
1676 - Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian and poet (d. 1763)
1743 - Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, Russian poet (d. 1816)
1743 - William Paley, English theologian and philosopher (d. 1805)
1798 - Alessandro Antonelli, Italian architect (d. 1888)
1829 - Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1896)
1830 - Henry Bird, English chess player (d. 1908)
1858 - Emmeline Pankhurst, English suffragette (d. 1928)
1859 - Willy Hess, German violinist (d. 1928)
1860 - Owen Wister, American writer (d. 1938)
1862 - Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter and graphic artist (d. 1918)
1865 - Arthur Capper, 20th Governor of Kansas (d. 1951)
1866 - Ragnar Ostberg, Swedish architect (d. 1945)
1868 - Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (d. 1926)
1872 - Albert Marque, French sculptor and doll maker (d. 1939)
1874 - Khedive Abbas II of Egypt and Sudan (d. 1944)
1882 - Teddy Billington, American racing cyclist (d. 1966)
1885 - King Sisavang Vong of Laos (d. 1959)
1888 - Scipio Slataper, Italian author and critic (d. 1915)
1889 - Ante Pavelic, Croatian fascist leader (d. 1959)
1891 - Alexander M. Volkov, Russian novelist and screenwriter (d. 1977)
1893 - Clarence J. Brown, American publisher and politician (d. 1965)
1893 - Garimella Satyanarayana, Indian poet and freedom fighter (d. 1952)
1893 - J. G. Strijdom, Prime minister of South Africa (d. 1958)
1894 - Dave Fleischer, American animator, director and producer (d. 1979)
1896 - Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist (d. 1936)
1897 - Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Thai general and politician, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 1964)
1898 - Happy Chandler, 49th Governor of Kentucky (d. 1991)
1901 1950
1901 - George Tobias, American actor and singer (d. 1980)
1903 - Irving Stone, American writer (d. 1989)
1904 - Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish Yiddish writer (d. 1991) (possibly born on November 21)
1906 - William H. Tunner, American general (d. 1983)
1910 - William Hanna, American animator (d. 2001)
1912 - Northrop Frye, American literary critic (d. 1991)
1912 - Woody Guthrie, American folk musician (d. 1967)
1913 - Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
1916 - Natalia Ginzburg, writer (d. 1991)
1917 - George Bookasta, American actor and director (d. 2014)
1918 - Ingmar Bergman, Swedish movie and theatre director (d. 2007)
1918 - Arthur Laurents, American playwright, novelist, and director (d. 2011)
1919 - Lino Ventura, Italian-born actor (d. 1987)
1921 - Leon Garfield, English children's writer (d. 1996)
1921 - Sixto Duran Ballen, 48th President of Ecuador (d. 2016)
1921 - Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist (d. 1996)
1922 - Robin Olds, American fighter pilot (d. 2007)
1923 - Dale Robertson, American actor (d. 2013)
1923 - Willie Steele, American long jumper (d. 1989)
1925 - Francisco Alvarez Martinez, Spanish former Archbishop of Toledo
1926 - Harry Dean Stanton, American actor (d. 2017)
1928 - Laurie Mitchell, American actress (d. 2018)
1930 - Polly Bergen, American actress and singer (d. 2014)
1931 - Jacqueline de Ribes, French fashion designer and sculptor
1932 - Anatoli Isayev, Russian footballer (d. 2016)
1933 - Franz, Duke of Bavaria, head of Wittelsbach family and part of Jacobite Succession
1933 - Robert Bourassa, 22nd Premier of Quebec (d. 1996)
1935 - Ei-ichi Negishi, Japanese chemist and Nobel Prize winner
1936 - Robert F. Overmyer, American pilot and astronaut (d. 1996)
1937 - Yoshiro Mori, Japanese politician, former Prime Minister of Japan
1938 - Jerry Rubin, American activist (d. 1994)
1938 - Tommy Vig, Hungarian vibraphone player, drummer and composer
1939 - George E. Slusser, American scholar and writer
1939 - Karel Gott, Czech singer (d. 2019)
1939 - Sid Haig, American actor (d. 2019)
1941 - Gerard Ferey, French chemist (d. 2017)
1941 - Maulana Karenga, American writer amd activist
1942 - Javier Solana, Spanish European Union foreign policy chief
1945 - Jim Gordon, American musician
1946 - Sue Lawley, English broadcaster
1946 - Vincent Pastore, American actor
1946 - John Wood, Australian actor
1947 - Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius
1948 - Goodwill Zwelithni kaBhekuzulu, Zulu king
1948 - Eliza Manningham-Buller, British MI5 director
1948 - Earl Williams, American baseball player (d. 2013)
1951 1975
1951 - Erich Hallhuber, German actor (d. 2003)
1952 - Bob Casale, American guitarist
1952 - Eric Laneuville, American director, actor and producer
1953 - Bebe Buell, American model and actress
1954 Sally Farmiloe, British actress (b. 2014)
1955 - L. Brent Bozell III, American journalist and activist
1957 - Scot Breithaupt, American motorcycle racer (d. 2015)
1958 - Anne Hegerty, English quiz player and television personality
1959 - Aubrey McClendon, American businessman (d. 2016)
1960 - Anna Bligh, Australian politician, former Premier of Queensland
1960 - Jane Lynch, American actress
1960 - Angelique Kidjo, Beninese singer-songwriter and activist
1960 - Kyle Gass, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor
1960 - Mike McPhee, Canadian ice hockey player
1961 - Jackie Earle Haley, American actor
1962 - Antonio Diaz Sanchez, Cuban activist
1963 - Jacques Lacombe, Canadian organist and conductor
1963 - John Colquhoun, Scottish footballer
1966 - Matthew Fox, American actor
1966 - Owen Coyle, Scottish football manager
1966 - Ellen Reid, Canadian singer and pianist (Crash Test Dummies)
1967 - Madalina Manole, Romanian singer (d. 2010)
1967 - Patrick J. Kennedy, American politician
1967 - Robin Ventura, baseball player
1969 - Carlo de Gavardo, Chilean rally driver and motorcycle racer (d. 2015)
1971 - Pui Fan Lee, English actress and presenter
1971 - Howard Webb, English football referee
1971 - Nick McCabe, English guitarist
1971 - Madhu Sapre, Indian model
1973 - Kota Hirano, Japanese manga artist
1973 - Halil Mutlu, Turkish weightlifter
1974 - David Mitchell, British comedian
1975 - Taboo, American rapper
From 1976
1976 - Geraint Jones, English cricketer
1977 - Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
1979 - Sergei Ignashevich, Russian footballer
1979 - Axel Teichmann, German cross-country skier
1981 - Lee Mead, English stage actor
1982 - Fernando Lope de Vergara, Argentinian handball manager
1983 - Igor Andreev, Russian tennis player
1984 - Nilmar Honorato da Silva, Brazilian footballer
1984 - Mounir El Hamdaoui, Moroccan footballer
1984 - Samir Handanovic, Slovenian footballer
1986 - Alexander Gerndt, Swedish footballer
1986 - Dan Smith, English singer (Bastille)
1987 - Sara Canning, Canadian actress
1987 - Adam Johnson, English footballer
1987 - Ryan Sweeting, American tennis player
1988 - Olli Muotka, Finnish ski jumper
1989 - Sean Flynn, American singer and actor
1991 - Shabazz Napier, American basketball player
1995 - Kim Hyo-joo, South Korean golfer
1999 - Camryn, American singer and actress
Deaths
Up to 1900
664 - Deusdedit of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury
937 - Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria
1223 - King Philip II of France (b. 1165)
1486 - Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland (b. 1456)
1575 - Richard Taverner, English translator of the Bible (b. 1505)
1614 - Camillus de Lellis, Italian priest and saint (b. 1550)
1704 - Sophia Alexeyevna of Russia (b. 1657)
1742 - Richard Bentley, English classical scholar (b. 1662)
1789 - Jacques de Flesselles, French provost (b. 1721)
1789 - Bernard-Rene de Launay, Governor of the Bastille prison (b. 1740)
1790 - Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717)
1809 - Nicodemus the Hagiorite, Greek monk and saint (b. 1749)
1816 - Francisco de Miranda, Venezuelan revolutionary (b. 1750)
1817 - Germaine de Stael, Swiss writer (b. 1766)
1827 - Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist (b. 1788)
1850 - August Neander, German theologian (b. 1789)
1876 - Thomas Hazlehurst, English architect (b. 1816)
1881 - Billy the Kid, American outlaw (b. 1859)
1901 2000
1904 - Paul Kruger, South African Boer politician (b. 1824)
1907 - William Henry Perkin, British chemist (b. 1838)
1910 - Marius Petipa, French dancer and choreographer (b. 1898)
1917 - Octave Lapize, French cyclist (b. 1887)
1918 - Quentin Roosevelt, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1897)
1924 - Isabella Ford, British suffragette, activist and peer (b. 1855)
1935 - Edoardo Agnelli, Italian industrialist (b. 1892)
1936 - Ghan Gopal Mukerji, Indian writer (b. 1890)
1939 - Alphonse Mucha, Czech artist (b. 1860)
1954 - Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer (b. 1866)
1954 - Jackie Saunders, American actress (b. 1892)
1958 - King Faisal II of Iraq (b. 1935)
1965 - Adlai Stevenson, American politician (b. 1900)
1966 - Julie Manet, French painter (b. 1878)
1967 - Tudor Arghezi, Romanian writer (b. 1880)
1968 - Ilzas Tsirimkas, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1907)
1970 - Luis Mariano, Spanish Basque singer (b. 1914)
1974 - Carl Spaatz, American air force (b. 1891)
1990 - Walter Sedlmayer, German actor (b. 1926)
1993 - Leo Ferre, French singer-songwriter, poet and pianist (b. 1916)
1994 - Cesar Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1940)
1998 - Richard McDonald, American businessman (b. 1909)
From 2001
2002 - Joaquin Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1906)
2005 - Cicely Saunders, British nurse (b. 1918)
2005 - Tilly Fleischer, German athlete (b. 1911)
2010 - Charles Mackerras, Australian conductor (b. 1925)
2010 - Madalina Manole, Romanian singer (b. 1967)
2012 - Sixten Jernberg, Swedish skier (b. 1929)
2014 - Alice Coachman, American athlete (b. 1923)
2014 - Leopoldo Verona, Argentine actor (b. 1931)
2014 - Vange Leonel, Brazilian singer-songwriter, journalist, novelist, playwright and activist (b. 1963)
2014 - Martin Richard Hoffmann, American politician (b. 1932)
2014 - Tom Rolf, Swedish-American film editor (b. 1931)
2015 - M. S. Viswanathan, Indian film score composer (b. 1928)
2015 - Olaf Pooley, English actor (b. 1914)
2016 - Hallard White, New Zealand rugby league player (b. 1929)
2016 - Helena Benitez, Filipino politician and educator (b. 1914)
2016 - Peter Esterhazy, Hungarian writer (b. 1949)
2016 - Sharon Runner, American politician (b. 1954)
2016 - Michael J. Elliott, British journalist and magazine editor (b. 1951)
2016 - Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, Tunisian terrorist, perpetrator of the 2016 Nice attack (b. 1985)
2017 - Mahi Beamer, American singer and dancer (b. 1928)
2017 - Anne Golon, French novelist and journalist (b. 1921)
2017 - Julia Hartwig, Polish poet and journalist (b. 1921)
2017 - William "Hootie" Johnson, American banker and sports administrator (b. 1931)
2017 - Maryam Mirzakhani, Iranian mathematician (b. 1977)
2018 - Mario Casalinuovo, Italian politician (b. 1922)
2018 - Gordon Chong, Canadian politician (b. 1943)
2018 - Theo-Ben Gurirab, Prime minister of Namibia (b. 1938)
2018 - Masa Saito, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1942)
2018 - Petr Weigl, Czech director and playwright (b. 1939)
2018 - Hans Kronberger, German-Austrian politician (b. 1951)
2019 - Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (b. 1930)
2019 - Terry Hodgkinson, British businessman (b. 1949)
2019 - Nereo Laroni, Italian politician (b. 1942)
2019 - Pernell Whitaker, American boxer (b. 1964)
2019 - Paul Albert Zipfel, American Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1935)
Observances
Bastille Day (France)
Republic Day (Iraq)
International Non-Binary People's Day