kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Liana Aghajanian

Liana Aghajanian is an Armenian-American journalist. She specializes in longform, narrative story telling and international reporting. Aghajanian was born in Tehran, Iran and raised in Los Angeles, California. Currently she lives and writes in Detroit, Michigan.
Wild Bill Hickok

James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 - August 2, 1876) was a figure in the American Old West. He was also known as "Wild Bill" Hickok. He was a gunfighter, gambler, and lawman.
Biography
Hickok was born and raised on a farm in Homer, Illinois (now Troy Grove, Illinois). He went west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice. He worked first as a stagecoach driver, then as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska.
He fought (and spied) for the Union Army during the American Civil War. After the war, he gained fame as a scout, marksman, actor, and professional gambler. Calamity Jane claimed in her autobiography that she was married to Hickok and divorced him.
Hickok was involved in several notable shootouts. He was shot from behind and killed while playing poker in a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory. The card hand he held at the time of his death is known today as poker's "Dead Man's Hand". In 1979, Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame.
Rain gauge

A rain gauge is an instrument used by meteorologists and hydrologists to measure liquid precipitation (rain) in a certain amount of time. It is usually measured in millimetres and inches. Rain gauge is a meteorological instrument for determining the depth of precipitation (usually in mm) that occurs over a unit area (usually one metre square) and thus measuring rainfall amount. One millimetre of measured precipitation is the equivalent to one litre of rainfall per metre square.
Usually a tapering funnel of [mercury] or polyester of standard dimension allows the rain water to collect in an enclosed bottle or cylinder for subsequent measurement. The gauge is set in open ground with the funnel rim up to 30 cm above the ground surface. Some gauges are calibrated to allow the amount of rainfall to be read directly; with others it must be calculated from the depth of water in the container and the dimensions of the funnel.
The second type of rain gauge is the autographic gauge which can be either of the tilting type or the tipping type. The recording chart on an autographic rain gauge is mounted on a drum which is driven by clockwork and typically rotates round a vertical axis once per day. For a tilting-siphon rain gauge, the rainwater in a collector displaces a float so that a marking pen attached to the float makes a continuous trace on the paper. The two buckets in a tipping-bucket rain gauge rest on a pivot so that when one bucket has received 0.2 (or 0.5 mm) of rain it tips by gravity, empties the rainwater and allows the other bucket to start collection. During the tip, an electrical switch is closed and triggers a nearby autographic recorder to register each 'tilt', thus giving a fairly continuous record of precipitation and, in a more sophisticated form, even rainfall intensity. Rain gauges must be sited in as representative a location as possible, but the choice of location is difficult, since many precipitation events are highly aggregate. King Sejong the Great was the man who introduced rain gauge to the world. There are advantages and disadvantages of this instrument.
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, or the Geneva Graduate Institute (), abbreviated IHEID, is a postgraduate school. It is located in Geneva, Switzerland.
Royal Canadian Navy

The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) was the navy of Canada from 1911 to 1968.
From 4 May 1910 to 29 August 1911 the navy was known officially as the Naval Service of Canada and operationally as Canadian Naval Forces.
During the early years of the 20th century, there was a lot of talk in the British Empire as to the role the Dominions would play in defence and foreign affairs. Because of the developing naval arms race with Germany, a key part of this discussion focused on naval issues.
In Canada, the naval debate came down to a choice between two options: either the young country could provide funds, support and manpower to the Royal Navy, or it could form its own navy, which could help support the Royal Navy if necessary. After extensive political debates, Canadian politicians chose to set up their own navy.
The Royal Canadian Navy Served with the Royal Navy in World Wars I and II, but during the Suez Crisis of the 1950s Canada and the United Kingdom had different political views. Coupled with mutinies in 1949 partly linked to old British ways the Canadian government started looking at making sure the Canadian Navy had a very separate identity from the Royal Navy. In August of 2011 the three services were once again separated, ending decades of confusion and low morale. The Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force were reinstated.
Harry Reid International Airport

Harry Reid International Airport is an international airport in Paradise, Nevada. It is the main government airport for the public in the Las Vegas Valley.
The airport is named after U.S. Senator Harry Reid. From 1968 until 2021, the airport was called McCarran International Airport, and before 1968 it was named McCarran Field, after U.S Senator Pat McCarran.
Mizar

Mizar or Zeta Ursae Majoris is a binary star located in the Ursa Major constellation. It is also a companion to the fainter binary star of Alcor. Both are white stars a few times larger than the Sun and are located 83 light years away from the Sun.
Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer

Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer is a commune of 11,580 people (2018). It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Var department in the south of France.
Jecheon AIDS scandal

Jecheon AIDS scandal or Jecheon AIDS crime was a well-known sex crime that happened in Jecheon, South Korea. A male taxi driver was arrested by the police on 13 March 2009 for knowingly spreading HIV/AIDS to dozens of women in Jecheon between 2003 and 2009.
The offender was Mr. Jeon, a 27-year-old taxi driver who has HIV. He had sex with many women over five to six years, despite knowing his condition. The police said that his partners included drunken taxi passengers as well as bar girls he came to know while working as a driver. Many of the women were married women, housewives, or divorcees. Jeon rarely used condoms, according to local media.
Jeon said that he had had sex with ten women, but a survey estimated the number at between 70 and 400. His mobile phone, which had been confiscated by police, contained the phone numbers of about seventy women.
Dalvik Church

The Dalvik Church () is a church building at Dalvik in the town of Jonkoping in Sweden. It is a Swedish Evangelical Mission church. It belongs to the Jonkoping Sofia-Jarstorp Parish of the Swedish Evangelical Mission. It was inaugurated on 8 February 1969 and expanded in 1985.
Rocourt

Rocourt was a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018, the former municipality of Rocourt merged into the municipality of Haute-Ajoie.
Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines

The Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines () is the presiding officer and the highest-ranking official of the lower house of Congress, the House of Representatives as well as the fourth highest and most powerful official of the Government of the Philippines.
The Speaker is elected by a majority of all of the Representatives from among themselves. The Speaker is the third and last in line in succession for the presidency, after the President of the Senate of the Philippines, and Vice President of the Philippines.
Living former Speakers of the House
Currently there are six living former Speakers of the House:
Legend: A person's name in boldface means that the person is an actively serving Member of the House of Representatives.
Monikangana Dutta

Moni Kangana Dutta (born September 13) is an Indian supermodel and actress represented by IMG Models.
Brahmavar

Brahmavar is a town in India. It is in Udupi district of Karnataka State. It is near to the capital of the Tulu Nadu kingdom. It is on National Highway 17.
S/2004 S 3

is the designation of an object seen orbiting Saturn just beyond the farther part of the F ring on 21 June, 2004. It was first seen by Carl Murray of the Cassini Imaging Science Team in pictures taken by the Cassini-Huygens probe on June 21, 2004, and announced on September 9, 2004.
Even though later astronomers tried to find it again, it has not been reliably seen since. Notably, an imaging sequence covering an entire orbital period at 4 km resolution taken on 15 November, 2004 failed to find the object. This suggests that it was a clump of material that had disappeared by that time.
Another object, , was seen nearby 5 hours later, but this time just inside the F Ring. Because of the different location of the second object, it was given a fresh designation, although their interpretation as a single object on a F-ring crossing orbit is also possible. Such an object might also be orbiting at a bit different inclination to the F ring, thereby not actually passing through the ring material even though it was being seen both radially inward and outward of it.
If a solid object after all, would be 3-5 km in diameter based on brightness, and might be a shepherd satellite for the farther edge of Saturn's F ring.
Inflammation

Inflammation is the first reaction of the immune system to an infection or irritation. It is an attempt of the immune system to dispel invaders and repair the body. It can happen in many parts of the body and often involves the following five steps:
The inflamed spot becomes red.
The inflamed spot becomes hot.
The inflamed spot begins to swell.
The inflamed spot begins to feel uncomfortable.
The inflamed spot might cause surrounding organs to dysfunction.
The first four of these reactions have been known for a long time, since antiquity. Finding them is attributed to Celsus. The last one was added by Rudolf Virchow in 1858.
There are two types of inflammation: acute and chronic. Acute inflammations are more intense but short-lived, while chronic inflammations are less intense but long-lived. Examples of acute inflammation include skin disorders (e.g., psoriasis, dandruff) and arthritis, while chronic inflammation can be responsible for diseases such as cancer, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Adoption of healthy diet, physical exercise and rest are some of the ways to reduce Inflammations.
Natural disasters in Nigeria

Natural disasters in Nigeria can be referred to as an event in Nigeria leading to the loss of lives and properties as a result of climate change in the country. Natural disasters of a place can be caused by flooding, erosion, insect infestation, etc.
There have been several forms of disasters related to climate change in Nigeria, some of which are flooding, soil and coastal erosion, landslides, tidal waves, coastal erosion, sand-storms, oil spillage, locust/insect infestations, and other man-made disasters. It can be said that the country's under-protected and expansive environment contributed to making the people especially vulnerable to these disasters. Other dangers include northern dust storms, which are usually from northern states to southern states; causing damages through large deposits of dust and dirt from these regions. Hail (Small ice pellets or sleet That is mostly translucent, e.g Snow) is another cause, which rarely occurs in some parts of Nigeria, leading to damage to crops and properties.
Types of Natural disasters in Nigeria
This section explains different kinds of disasters that had happened in Nigeria to date.
Drought
There was a drought in 1972 and 1973 that lead to the death of about 13% of animals in the northeastern part of Nigeria and also an annual agricultural yield loss of about 50%.
The rainfall trend between 1960 and 1990 in northeast Nigeria steadily declined by about 8 mm/year.
Nigeria's most recent drought was between 1991 to 1995
Flood
Constant events of flooding in different parts of Nigeria had led to socioeconomic damage, injury, and loss of life.
2022 Nigeria floods
The 2022 Nigeria floods affected many parts of the country. Data collected From the Federal Government shows that floods had displaced over 1.4 million people, killed over 603 people, and injured more than 2,400 people. About 82,035 houses had been damaged, and 332,327 hectares of land was also been affected.
2021
According to Adamawa State Emergency Management Agency (ADSEMA) On the 11th and 12th of August, two days of uninterrupted rainfall happened in the State, which caused flooding that affected 66 houses and destroyed about 150 farmlands in Lababiri Village in Adamawa State. The incident which also affected 79 communities in 16 Local Government Areas, killed about 7 people and left 74,713 people homeless in the same state.
Yisrael Friedman

Yisrael Friedman, also known as Pashkaner Rebbe (November 8, 1923 - May 1, 2017) was a Israel rabbi and educator. He was born in Buhusi, Romania. He was a former lecturer at the Tel Aviv University and the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the rosh yeshiva of a hesder yeshiva in Netivot.
Friedman died on May 1, 2017 at a medical center in Tel Aviv, Israel, aged 93.
Vidya Balan

Vidya Balan (pronounced ; born 1 January 1979) is an Indian actress.
She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2014.
Vidya is known for her roles in Paa (2009), the black comedy Ishqiya (2010), the thrillers No One Killed Jessica and Kahaani (2012), and the biopic The Dirty Picture (2011).
Intensive farming

Intensive farming or intensive agriculture is a kind of farming where a lot of money and labour are used to increase the yield that can be obtained per area of land. The use of large amounts of pesticides for crops, and of medication for animal livestocks is common. This is a contrast to traditional agriculture, which does not get as much output per area. When agriculture is intensified, this means that the amount of work needed goes up, until the worker is replaced by a machine. At that point, there will only need to be a few workers to operate the machines. Intensive farming has often been done as a response to rising population levels. It is criticised, because the standards of animal welfare are low. Intensive animal farming leads to increased pollution and to health issues.
Modern day forms of intensive crop based agriculture involve the use of mechanical ploughing, chemical fertilizers, plant growth regulators or pesticides. It is associated with the increasing use of agricultural mechanization, which have enabled a substantial increase in production, yet have also dramatically increased environmental pollution by increasing erosion and poisoning water with agricultural chemicals.
History
Agricultural development in Britain between the 16th century and the mid-19th century saw a massive increase in agricultural productivity and output. This in turn contributed to increase in population growth.
Industrial agriculture arose in the Industrial Revolution. By the early 19th century, agricultural techniques, implements, seed stocks, and cultivars had improved so much.
Horse-drawn machinery such as the McCormick reaper improved harvesting. Inventions such as the cotton gin reduced the cost of processing. During this same period, farmers began to use threshers and tractors that were powered with steam. In 1892, the first gasoline-powered tractor was successfully made. Mechanical harvesters, planters, transplanters, and other equipment were then developed, further improved agriculture. These inventions increased yields and allowed individual farmers to manage larger farms.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) were discovered to be very important in plant growth. This led to the manufacture of synthetic fertilizers, further increasing crop yields.
The discovery of vitamins and their role in nutrition, in the first two decades of the 20th century, led to vitamin supplements, which in the 1920s allowed some livestock to be raised indoors, reducing their exposure to adverse natural elements.[citation needed]
Following World War II synthetic fertilizer use increased rapidly.
The discovery of antibiotics and vaccines improved the raising of livestock by reducing diseases. Developments in refrigeration as well as food processing technology made it possible to transport goods over long distances.
There are concerns over the sustainability of industrial agriculture, and the environmental effects of fertilizers and pesticides. This has led to people buying organic food. It has also led to the funding for the development of sustainable technology.
Gurabo, Puerto Rico

Gurabo () is a town and municipality in eastern Puerto Rico.
Nash equilibrium

In game theory, the Nash equilibrium is a proposed solution of a non-cooperative game having two or more players in which each player knows the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player can gain anything more by changing only their own strategy. The equilibrium is named after John Forbes Nash Jr..
If each player has chosen, and no player can win anything more by choosing a different strategy for themselves, then they have a Nash equilibrium.
Summit County, Ohio

Summit County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. In 2020, 540,428 people lived there. The county seat is Akron.
Chambar

Chambar, or Chamber, is a town of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the capital Chamber Taluka (a subdivision of the district). The town itself is subdivided into two Union Councils.
Bufo apolobambicus

Bufo apolobambicus is a species of toad. They belong to the family Bufonidae. They live in Bolivia and Peru. Their habitat is subtropical or tropical forest. Their population is dying because of habitat loss.
Peng Kang Hill MRT station

Peng Kang Hill MRT station (JW5) is a proposed Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the Jurong Region Line in Western Water Catchment, Singapore. It is located near the Nanyang Technological University. It is the northern terminus of the western branch of the Jurong Region Line. The station is named after the nearby Peng Kang Hill, which is in the SAFTI Live Firing Area.
Trains entering service at this station will terminate at Choa Chu Kang via Bahar Junction.
James Marriott

Sir James Marriott (29 October 1730 - 21 March 1803) was a famous British judge, politician and scholar. He is famous for being in the highest court in Britain. He judged a lot of legal trials involving boats and the British Navy, he most helped lawyers by writing a book about American law.
Life
James Marriott was born on 29 October 1730. In June 1746 he was sent to Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and graduated in 1751. Although he had wanted a job in the church, he decided to switch to law in 1755, maybe because his stepfather, a very good lawyer, told him to. He spent three years as librarian to the Duke of Newcastle. He joined the College of Advocates and began his legal job in which he wrote two books on law.
While he served the Duke of Newcastle, he began to flatter others with nice words, which gave him the job of Receiver of Land Tax for Suffolk, but did not do much else until King George III was made king in 1760, when he left Newcastle for the new king. In 1767 he was made king's advocate, mostly because there was no one else to do it. In 1767 he served as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge for a year and in 1768.
For the next ten years he kept trying to get a better job, making Lord Grafton very angry in the process.In 1778 he was knighted and made the Judge of the High Court of Admiralty, responsible for cases involving boats and the Navy. His work as king's advocate was not impressive, because of his lack of good choice-making and bad courtroom behaviors, as well as his aggressive speeches against his own co-workers. In 1781 he was elected to Parliament for Sudbury. Marriott worked for Lord Shelburne, who strongly opposed war.
The French Revolutionary Wars in 1793 caused the Navy to be used more and more, which made Marriott judge on more cases than he normally would, even though he was able to make some important decisions. He was also re-elected for his Parliament job in 1796. he had supported someone else, but then changed his mind and ran for election himself. Marriott remained in Parliament until 1802, shortly before he died.
Marriott quit his job in 1798. He returned to Twinstead Hall and stayed there until he died on 21 March 1803, having rebuilt the local church. The year before he died he wrote his most important book, Formulare instrumentarum, a book about his job with Naval law that caused Naval law in the United States to change. He also made a lot of poems and legal books that were not important. He never married, his one try in 1760 causing both the girl and her father to say "no." Instead he took care of his mother until her death.
Rahimyar Khan District

Rahimyar Khan District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Rahimyar Khan is the capital.
Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam

Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam is American movie. Its premier was on September 3, 2010, on the Disney Channel. The movie stars Demi Lovato, Joe Jonas, Nick Jonas and Kevin Jonas.
Loganville, Georgia

Loganville is a city in Walton and Gwinnett counties, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 10,458.
Brunswick County, North Carolina

Brunswick County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2000, 73,143 people lived there. Its county seat is Bolivia.
History
The county was made in 1764 from parts of Bladen County and New Hanover County.
Government
Brunswick County is part of the local Cape Fear Council of Governments.
Edna Doré

Edna Dore, nee Gorring, (31 May 1921 - 11 April 2014) was a British actress. Dore was known for her bit-part roles in situation comedies. She is mostly known for playing the character of Mo Butcher in the BBC soap opera EastEnders (1988-1990). She was born in Bromley, Kent, England.
Dore died from emphysema at her Sussex, England home, aged 92.
Philip Heymann

Philip B. Heymann (October 30, 1932 - November 30, 2021) was an American lawyer, federal prosecutor, legal scholar and law professor.
He was in charge of the Criminal Division of the Justice Department as Assistant Attorney General during the Carter administration and was briefly Deputy Attorney General in the Clinton administration.
Heymann died on November 30, 2021 in Los Angeles, California from problems caused by a stroke, one month after his 89th birthday.
The Enchanted Desna

The Enchanted Desna () is a 1964 Soviet fantasy movie directed by Yuliya Solntseva. It stars Boris Andreyev, Yevgeni Bondarenko, and Vladimir Goncharov.
It (novel)

It is a 1986 horror novel by American author Stephen King. The story follows the lives of seven children as they are terrorized by the demonic clown being, which exploits the fears and phobias of its victims in order to disguise itself while hunting its prey. "It" primarily appears in the form of a clown in order to attract its preferred prey of young children.
The novel is told through narratives alternating between two time periods, and is largely told in the third-person mode. It deals with themes that eventually became King staples: the power of memory, childhood trauma, and the ugliness lurking behind a traditional small-town values.
The novel won the British Fantasy Award in 1987, and received nominations for the Locus and World Fantasy Awards that same year. Publishers Weekly listed It as the best-selling book in the United States in 1986.
Popular versions of the novel have been made from a 1990 miniseries and a duology movie series: It Chapter One (2017) and It Chapter Two (2019). A prequel TV series based on the first two movies for the streaming service HBO Max titled Welcome to Derry is officially in development.
Abdul Sattar (diplomat)

Abdul Sattar (; 1931 - 23 June 2019) was a Pakistani political scientist, diplomat, author, foreign service officer and nuclear strategist. He first served as Foreign Minister of Pakistan from 1999 to 2002. Before this, he was Foreign Minister for a few months in 1993 and was Foreign Secretary from 1986 to 1988. He also served as ambassador to Austria and the Soviet Union.
Sattar died on 23 June 2019, at the age of 88.
Helcionelloida

The Helcionelloida are an extinct class of fossil molluscs.
They are among the earliest animals with mineralised shells. They are also the oldest known molluscs wth a shell. Some members of this class were mistaken for Monoplacophorans. The class was erected by Peel in 1991.
The latest word on this group is the classification of Parkhaev, who splits it into three subclasses.
Groucho Marx

Julius Henry Marx or Groucho Marx (October 2, 1890 - August 19, 1977) was an American actor and comedian . He was best known for work with his siblings in The Marx Brothers and then later on his own. He was also best known for portraying a fast-talking "wise guy" with bushy eyebrows, glasses, rectangle moustache and a cigar.
Aldrich Ames

Aldrich Hazen Ames (; born May 26, 1941) is a former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer turned KGB secret spy. He was convicted of espionage in 1994. He is serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole in the Federal Correctional Institution in Terre Haute, Indiana, United States.
Ames was formerly a 31-year CIA counterintelligence analyst who committed espionage against the U.S. by spying for the Soviet Union and Russia.
Babatunde Elegbede

Muftau Adegoke Babatunde "Tunde" Elegbede (c. 1939 - 19 June 1994) was Chief of Nigeria's Defence Intelligence Agency from July 1986 to January 1990 and Military Governor of Cross River State, Nigeria.
Gillian Flynn

Gillian Flynn (born 1971) is an American writer. Her first novel, Sharp Objects, was published in 2006. It is being made into a movie. In 2009 she was fired from her job as a writer for Entertainment Weekly. Dark Places, Flynn's second novel, was published May 2009. It is a mystery novel. In June 2012, Gone Girl was published. It is about a serial killer in Missouri. In 2013, it was nominated for the 2014 Impac Dublin International Literary Award.
She was born in Kansas City, Missouri. She lives in Ukrainian Village, Chicago with her husband and two children.
HV71

HV71 is an ice hockey club that plays its home games in the Husqvarna Garden in the town of Jonkoping in Sweden. The club was established on 24 May 1971. It was a result of two local clubs Husqvarna IF and Vatterstads IK joining forces on their ice hockey sections.
HV71 won the Swedish national championship in 1995, 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2017. They also lost the finals of 2009.
David Irons

David John Irons (born July 18 1961 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer. His playing career spanned 26 years as a central defender or midfielder. He is currently manager of Scottish League club Greenock Morton.
Stone circle

A stone circle is an ancient monument. It is made of several standing stones, usually menhirs that are arranged in a certain way. Very often those stones form circles or ellipses. The number of stones can vary between four and 60. Very often, burial sites are in the circle, or nearby. There are about 1,000 stone circles and 80 stone henges in the Great Britain and Ireland. Most likely stone circles were used for rituals. They might also have been used as calendars; some stone circles are arranged so that certain stones are lit on special dates, such as the summer solstice.
Tyche

Tyche, also known as Tuch, was the goddess of destiny in Greek mythology. She controlled the good and bad of fortune and prosperity of a city. Her name means "luck" in Greek. She is often represented wearing a mural crown. The crown looks like the walls of a city. She is often carrying a large horn with all her wealth and richness in it that she sometimes spreads to others. She is a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, according to Greek poet Hesiod.
Tyche is one of the Oceanids. Oceanids are the daughters of the Titans Tethys and Okeanos. The story of the Oceanids is told in the Theogony by Greek poet Hesiod. Tyche and her sister Eudora stand for a joining of bounty and luck.
Jean Bourgain

Jean Bourgain (28 February 1954 - 22 December 2018) was a Belgian mathematician. He was a professor at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign and Institut des hautes etudes scientifiques at Bures-sur-Yvette in France. From 1994 until his death he has worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He was an editor for the Annals of Mathematics.
He received his Ph.D. from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1977.
He received the Fields Medal in 1994. In 2009 Bourgain was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 2010 he received the Shaw Prize in Mathematics. In 2012 he and Terence Tao received the Crafoord Prize in Mathematics from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Bourgain died on 22 December 2018 in Bonheiden, Belgium at the age of 64.
Bowfin

The bowfin (Amia calva) is a primitive bony fish in the genus Amia that lives in North America. It is a relict species, last of a group known as the Halecomorphi. That group appeared the Lower Triassic, about 250 million years ago.
The bowfin is described as "primitive" because they have characteristics of their early ancestors. The closest living relatives of bowfins are gars: the two groups make up the clade Holostei.
Their physiology is quite interesting. Like gars, bowfin are bimodal breathers: they can to breathe both water and air. Their gills exchange gases in the water, and they also have a gas bladder. The gas bladder is the secret: it keeps buoyancy, and lets the fish breathe air by a small pneumatic duct which goes from the foregut to the gas bladder. They break the surface to gulp air. This lets them survive conditions of hypoxia which would be lethal to most species.
Bowfin body-shape evolution and development
The first fish lacked jaws and used negative pressure to suck their food in through their mouths. The jaw in the bowfin is a result of their evolutionary need to be able to catch and eat bigger and more nutritious prey. As a result of being able to gather more nutrients, Bowfin are able to live a more active lifestyle. The jaw of a bowfin has several adaptations.
Similar species
Some people mistake northern snakeheads (Channa argus) for bowfin because even if they are in a different genus, they have similarities to them in appearance, most noticeably their elongated, cylindrical shape, and long dorsal fin that runs along their backs.
Diseases
A common parasite of bowfin is the anchor worm from the genus Lernaea. These crustaceans infest the skin and bases of fins, with consequences ranging from slowed growth to death.
Feeding
Bowfin are stalking, ambush predators that move into the shallows at night to prey on fish, and aquatic invertebrates such as crawfish, mollusks, and aquatic insects.
La Loge-Pomblin

La Loge-Pomblin is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Olle Häger

Olle Hager (19 September 1935 - 1 November 2014) was a Swedish journalist, television producer, writer and historian. Hager produced a large number of historical documentaries. In 1986, Hager and Villius were awarded the Stora Journalistpriset. He was born in Soderala, Halsingland, Sweden.
Hager died in Stockholm, aged 79.
Saint-Paul-lès-Durance

Saint-Paul-les-Durance is a commune of 928 people (2005). It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhone department in the south of France.
Shoji Akimitsu

Shoji Akimitsu (born 7 May 1977) is a former Japanese football player.
Hyrrokkin (moon)

Hyrrokkin or Saturn XLIV (provisional designation S/2004 S 19) is a moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on June 26, 2006, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and April 30, 2006.
Hyrrokkin is about 8 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 18,168,300 km in 914.292 days, at an inclination of 153.3deg to the ecliptic (154.3deg to Saturn's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.3604.
It was named in April 2007 after Hyrrokkin, a giantess (female giant) from Norse mythology, who launched Hringhorni, Baldr's funeral ship. It was originally listed as being spelled Hyrokkin, but the spelling was later corrected.
Arkansas

Arkansas, nicknamed the Land of Opportunity or The Natural State, is a state in the United States of America. Its capital and largest city is Little Rock. It has been estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2015 that around 2,978,204 people live in Arkansas.
History
Arkansas became the 25th state to enter the Union in 1836. During the American Civil War, Arkansas was one of the Confederate states, however, it was the second state to be put back in to the U.S. in the Reconstruction. Native Americans first settled in the state before the arrival of Europeans. African American slaves were imported to Arkansas for slavery.
Geography
Arkansas has many rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Arkansas has few natural lakes but many reservoirs such as Bull Shoals Lake, Lake Ouachita, Greers Ferry Lake, Millwood Lake, Beaver Lake, Norfork Lake, DeGray Lake, and Lake Conway.
Arkansas is home to many caves, such as Blanchard Springs Caverns. More than 43,000 Native American living, hunting and tool making sites have been catalogued by the State Archeologist. Arkansas is currently the only U.S. state in which diamonds are mined. This is done by members of the public with primitive digging tools for a small daily fee, not by commercial interests.
Arkansas is home to a bunch of Wilderness Areas totaling around . These areas are set aside for outdoor recreation and are open to hunting, fishing, hiking, and camping. No vehicles are allowed in these areas.
Religion
Arkansas, like most other Southern states, is part of the Bible Belt. It is mostly Protestant. The largest denominations by number of followers in 2000 were the Southern Baptist Convention with 665,307; the United Methodist Church with 179,383; the Roman Catholic Church with 115,967; and the American Baptist Association with 115,916.
Education
Education in Arkansas has been an issue. Part of the problem has been low teacher salaries and small budgets for spending on students. Other problems have been not wanting to integrate, and poor school facilities.
Arkansas has two university systems: Arkansas State University System and University of Arkansas System. Some other public institutions are Arkansas Tech University, Henderson State University, Southern Arkansas University, and University of Central Arkansas. It is also home to 11 private colleges and universities. One of them being Hendrix College, one of the nation's top 100 liberal arts colleges, according to U.S. News & World Report.
Culture
Arkansas is notable for its bauxite mines. Arkansas was also the first U.S. state where diamonds were found. Notable Arkansans include Bill Clinton, who was governor of Arkansas before he became the President of the United States, Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, Johnny Cash, a famous guitarist known as "The Man In Black", and Rodger Bumpass, Who voices Squidward Tentacles on the Nickelodeon show SpongeBob SquarePants.
Pennedepie

Pennedepie is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
660

660 was a leap year.
Events
The Umayyad Empire was established.
In the year 660 the kingdom of Silla invaded the kingdom of Baekje. (see Korea)
Empress Saimei of Japan makes an order to dispatch a force to the Korean Peninsula to save Baekje.
Master boot record

The master boot record is the first 512 kilobytes of a partitioned mass-storage device such as a hard drive. The master boot record gives the BIOS information on things like partitioning, file systems, location of the operating system, etc.
Because the master boot record is crucial for running the operating system, any changes to it may make the contents of a hard drive unreadable until they have been fixed. In the past, there have been instances of malware making changes to the master boot record. One noticeable example of this is CIH.
Salvador Laurel

Salvador Roman Hidalgo Laurel (November 18, 1928 - January 27, 2004), also known as Doy Laurel, was a Filipino lawyer and politician. He was Vice President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992 under President Corazon Aquino and was Prime Minister from 25 February to 25 March 1986.
He was a major leader of the United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO), the political party that helped end the dictatorship of President Ferdinand Marcos with the 1986 People Power Revolution.
He ran for President in 1992, but lost to Fidel Ramos.
Laurel died of lymphoma on January 27, 2004 in Atherton, California at the age of 75.
Cristina Peri Rossi

Cristina Peri Rossi (born 12 November 1941) is a Uruguayan novelist, poet, translator, and author. She has written more than 37 works. She is seen as an important writer during the Latin American Boom. She has worked for newspapers and media agencies such as Diario 16, El Periodico and Agencia EFE.
Peri Rossi won the Miguel de Cervantes Prize in 2021. She was born in Montevideo, Uruguay.
El Chico Del Apartamento 512

"El Chico Del Apartamento 512" () is the sixth and final single released from Selena's grammy nominated album Amor Prohibido (1994). The song never had a music video because it was released one day before Selena was killed. The song had positive feedback from music critics. The song was performed on C minor with 102 beats per minute. The song was covered by many Latin American artists.
Covers
The Naked City

The Naked City is a 1948 American crime drama movie directed by Jules Dassin and stars Barry Fitzgerald, Howard Duff, Dorothy Hart, Don Taylor, Frank Conroy, Adelaide Klein. It was distributed by Universal Pictures. It was nominated for 3 Academy Awards and won 2 Oscars in 1949.
Battleground (2014)

Battleground (2014) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by WWE. It took place on July 20, 2014 at the Tampa Bay Times Forum in Tampa, Florida. It was the second event under the Battleground chronology, with the event having originated in 2013.
Background
Battleground featured professional wrestling matches involving different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds, plots, and storylines that played out on WWE's primary television programs, Raw and SmackDown. Wrestlers portrayed heroes or villains as they followed a series of events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
Gem County, Idaho

Gem County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 16,719 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Emmett.
Mohammed VI of Morocco

Mohammed VI (; born 21 August 1963) is the King of Morocco. He became king on 23 July 1999 after the death of his father, King Hassan II.
In 2015, he was estimated by Forbes magazine to be worth US$5.8 billion, and the Moroccan Royal Family has one of the largest fortunes in the world.
Calaisa

Calaisa is a quartet from the town of Malmo in Sweden. It consists of the systers, Caisa and Lisa Troedsson and the sisters Malin and Anna Tornquist. The band participated at Melodifestivalen 2008 with the song If I Could, which was knocked out during the Karlskrona competition on 1 March 2008.
Calaisa has released several albums.
Neighbour

A Neighbour (or neighbor in American English) is a person who lives nearby, normally in a house or apartment that is next door or, in the case of houses, across the street. Some people form friendships with their neighbours, and help them by sharing their tools and helping with gardening tasks. Other people become frustrated with their neighbours, if the neighbour makes a lot of noise or a mess
A group of people living close together in a small community is called a neighbourhood. Some neighbourhoods have many community organizations, where people volunteer and do charitable activities. Other neighbourhoods in poor communities may have no community organizations, and there may be many problems in the community, such as illegal drugs, prostitution, and homelessness.
1966 United Kingdom general election

The 1966 United Kingdom general election happened on 31 March 1966. The Labour Party won with a landslide win. The Prime Minister Harold Wilson stayed in power.
Wilson decided to call a snap election because his government had a small majority. This made it hard for them to make new laws. This was the last general election with a voting age of 21. After the Representation of the People Act, 18 year-olds were allowed to vote in elections.
Welsh Sheepdog

The Welsh Sheepdog (, ) is a herding dog breed from Wales. Some people incorrectly call a Welsh Sheepdog a Welsh Collie - usually 'Welsh Collie' is used for a cross between a Welsh Sheepdog and a Border Collie, which is often a milder dog and easier to manage than the pure breed.
Like other types of working dog, Welsh Sheepdogs are normally bred for their herding abilities rather than appearance, and so they are different in build, colour and size. Welsh Sheepdogs are the collie type, usually black-and-white, red-and-white or tricolour, and merle markings may occur over any of these combinations. The coat may be short or fairly long, and the ears are pricked, but usually folded at the tip. They are longer in leg, broader in chest and wider in muzzle than the Border Collie. They are extremely active and intelligent, and therefore need much exercise and mental stimulation, if they are to be kept as pets.
Over many decades the Welsh Sheepdog has mostly been replaced for working sheep in Wales by the Border Collie, a standardised breed. However, in more recent years, efforts have been made to keep the Welsh Sheepdog as a variety.
Welsh Sheepdogs are usually loose-eyed, not scaring the stock with their eyes like the Border Collie. They are able to work freely without being under human control. Welsh Sheepdogs are most often used for herding sheep, but also work cattle, goats, and even horses and pigs. They were often in the past used as a droving dog to take cattle and sheep to markets in Britain.
Health
The Welsh Sheepdog is generally healthy, but can be infected by things most other herding breeds are infected by, such as:
* Atopic Dermatitis, which seems to be more common indoors for this breed. It causes irritation to the dog's skin.
* Collie Eye Anomaly, which is very common with collie breeds. It causes sight loss.
* Epilepsy, a brain disorder which causes seizures.
* Hip dysplasia, which makes the hip go weak. Mostly in growing dogs.
* Diabetes, which is not listed for the dog breed being more likely to get, but there are increasing numbers of this. It causes weight loss, and makes the dog urinate more.
Food levels
The Welsh Sheepdog needs about three cups of dry food each day, which costs between $1.20 and $1.40. The monthly cost of this is about $35, but this can go to $45.
Saffron cod

The saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis), is a type of fish. They are closely related to true cods (genus Gadus). It is dark grey-green to brown, with spots on its sides and pale towards the belly. It may grow to 60 cm and weigh up to 1.3 kg.
It lives in the North Pacific, from off the Korean coasts until beyond Bering Straits, off the Alaskan coasts. It normally is found in shallow coastal waters at less than 60 m depth. It may also be found at depths up to 200 m. The saffron cod may also enter brackish and even fresh waters, occurring quite far up rivers and streams.
Saffron cods begin to mature during their third year of life. They feed on fish and small crustaceans. They are commercially fished in many areas of the northwestern Pacific. The country with the largest catch is Russia. It is used for human's to eat in the Russian Federation and Japan, fresh or frozen.
Sint-Oedenrode

Sint-Oedenrode is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. Since 2017, it has been part of the new municipality of Meierijstad.
Steve Foster

Stephen Edward Foster (30 September 1946 - 25 January 2018), better known as Steve Foster, was an Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist and banjo and harmonica player. He was born in Murray Bridge, South Australia.
Foster's career had mostly been as a solo artist, but he has led some very successful bands as well including Inkase, Alcheringa, Head First and Limited Edition. He was the opening act on the Brian Cadd & the Bootleg Family Australian tour 1972-1973. He performed in The Mount Lofty Rangers.
In September 1972, was the release of Foster's award-winning debut solo album Coming Home In A Jar on the Bootleg Label.
In 1995 Forever Blue, a co-write with Graham Goble, first recorded by Little River Band in 1986 on the album No Reins, the last album recorded with John Farnham became a huge hit in Europe, rising into the Top 10.
Foster was an Australia Day Ambassador. He traveled each year to visit councils across South Australia to perform and explain what it means to be a proud Australian.
Foster died on 25 January 2018, in Adelaide, Australia of lung cancer at the age of 71.
Summit County, Utah

Summit County is a county in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 42,357. The county seat is Coalville.
Rocky IV

Rocky IV is a 1985 American sports drama movie directed by Sylvester Stallone (who also stars) and starring Talia Shire, Burt Young, Carl Weathers, Brigitte Nielsen, Dolph Lundgren, Tony Burton, Michael Pataki. It is the sequel to the 1982 movie Rocky III and is the fourth movie in the Rocky franchise. The movie was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and United Artists. It won 5 Razzie Awards and was nominated for 4 Razzie Awards in 1986. The movie started the Hollywood career of Dolph Lundgren, who played the Soviet boxer Ivan Drago.
Marchaux

Marchaux is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of Marchaux-Chaudefontaine.
Yemi Osinbajo

Oluyemi Oluleke "Yemi" Osinbajo (born 8 March 1957), is a Nigerian lawyer and politician. He became Vice President of Nigeria on 29 May 2015. He served as Vice President until 29 May 2023
Early career
From 1979 to 1980, Osinbajo served the compulsory one year youth service as a legal officer with Bendel Development and Planning Authority (BDPA), Bendel State.
In 1981, he was employed as a law lecturer at the University of Lagos, Nigeria. From 1983 to 1986, he was Senior lecturer of Law at the University of Lagos. From 1988 to 1992, he was an Adviser (legal advice and litigation) to the Attorney-General and Minister of Justice, Bola Ajibola. Osinbajo began lecturing at the age of 23.
From 1997 to 1999 he was made Professor of Law and Head of Department of Public Law, University of Lagos.
From 1999 to 2007, Osinbajo was Member of Cabinet, Lagos State Ministry of Justice, also Attorney-General and Commissioner for Justice.
In 2007, Osinbajo was made Senior Partner at Simmons Cooper Partners (Barristers and Solicitors), Nigeria.
From 2007 to 2013 Osinbajo was once again given a job of Professor of Law, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, University of Lagos. He was also a Senior lecturer at the Lagos State University.
Other past roles include:
Staff Member, United Nations Operations in Somalia, Justice Division, UNOSOM II.
Member, United Nations Secretary-General's Committee of Experts on Conduct and Discipline of UN, Peacekeeping Personnel around the globe, Member, 2006.
Partner in Law Firm of Osinbajo, Kukoyi & Adokpaye.
Prime Minister of Tunisia

This page lists the holders of the office of Prime Minister of Tunisia (). The office was created in May 1922. Mustapha Dinguizli was Tunisia's first Prime Minister.
Oath
The Head of the Government swears to the following oath in the presence of the President:
Duties
Creating, amending and dissolving ministries (Except ministries of Defence and Foreign Affairs which require the president's approval).
Creating, amending and dissolving public institutions, public entities and administrative departments.
Issuing governmental decrees after consulting the Council of Ministers.
Shall endorse and sign, where appropriate, regulatory orders issued by ministers.
Request the parliament to give vote of confidence to their government.
With the president, they both represent Tunisia abroad.