kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Brush

A brush is a tool with bristles or wires or other filaments sticking out. There are many kinds. Most brushes have a long part at one end to hold (the handle), on the other end from the head that carries the bristles or filaments. We use brushes for cleaning, making hair look good, painting, and other purposes.
Brushes for cleaning
Many kinds of brushes are made for cleaning, for example toothbrushes or brushes for cleaning floors.
Paint brushes
We use paint brushes for putting ink or paint on paper. If a brush is dipped 1/3 to 1/4 of its length into a can of paint, a good brush will ideally pick up the perfect amount of paint and spread it on a surface in a film that is smooth and uniform and absent of any drips, dips, or brush marks. Paint brushes typically come in two forms, synthetic, and natural. Synthetic brushes are usually made from products such as nylon, while natural refers to bristles from an animal source. Computer graphics uses digital paintbrushes for making pictures.
Paint brushes can have three shapes:
Round: The long, close-together bristles of these brushes mean they can hold more paint. This is why many artists like them for painting large things and for color washes.
Flat: These are good for spreading paint.
Fan-shaped: These mix paint well.
Brush care
Clean paint from brushes after you use them. This is very important for oil and acrylic paint because when the paint is dry, taking it off can break the brush.
Never leave brushes in water (etc.) with the bristle end down. This is because the bristles can change shape.
Sizes and materials
We can buy brushes in different sizes and materials. Here are some sorts.
Decorators' brushes
The sizes of brushes used for painting and decorating (changing the colour or look of a room) are usually in millimeters or inches. This shows how wide the head is.
Here are some sizes:
1/8", 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 3/4", 7/8", 1", 1", 1 1/2", 2", 2", 3", 3", 4".
10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm.
We can buy brushes with natural or synthetic (man-made) bristles. Handles (the part of the brush we hold) may be wood or plastic.
Artists' brushes
Artists' brushes usually have sizes with numbers, but there is no standard.
From smallest to largest, the sizes are:
7/0 (also 0000000), 6/0, 5/0, 4/0, 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 30.
We use sizes 000 to 20 most often.
Bristles may be natural--either soft hair or hog (pig) bristle--or synthetic (man-made).
Artists' brush handles (the part of the brush we hold) are often wooden, but the cheapest brushes may have plastic handles. Many cheap handles are made of unfinished wood; better quality handles are of finished wood.
1640s

The 1640s was a decade that started on 1 January 1640 and ended on 31 December 1649.
Events
The Qing dynasty begins in China.
Europeans reach New Zealand and Tasmania.
The English Civil War.
Births
William Penn, English Quaker
Deaths
Galileo Galilei, Italian writer and scientist
World leaders
King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway (1588-1648).
King Frederick III of Denmark (1648-1670).
King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (1625-1649).
King Louis XIII of France (1610-1643).
Cardinal Richelieu, chief minister of France (1624-1642).
Cardinal Mazarin, chief minister of France (1642-1661).
Anne of Austria, Queen Dowager and Regent of France (1643-1651).
King Louis XIV of France (1643-1715).
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637-1657).
Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Overijssel and Gelderland (1625-1647).
William II, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Overijssel and Gelderland (1647-1650).
Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644).
Pope Innocent X (1644-1655).
King John IV of Portugal (1640-1656).
King Philip IV of Spain (1621-1665).
Queen Christina of Sweden (1632-1654).
Magherafelt

Magherafelt is a small town in Northern Ireland, in the United Kingdom.
67th Punjabis

The 67th Punjabis were an infantry regiment of the old British Indian Army.
After World War I the Indian government reformed the army in 1922. The 67th Punjabis became the 1st and 10th (Training) Battalions, of the 2nd Punjab Regiment. After independence in 1947 they were one of the regiments allocated to the Indian Army.
All Growed Up

All Growed Up was a telefilm and VHS episode of the Nickelodeon animated series Rugrats. It was made to celebrate the series' 10th anniversary. It was made in July 21, 1999 and aired on July 21, 2001. It is about the Rugrats being 6 years older and going to school in September 1998. The episode led to a spin-off show called All Grown Up! which also aired on Nickelodeon.
Overview
Tommy is 9 years old, Dil is 8 years old, Angelica, Susie (Angelica's best friend) and Chuckie (former boyfriend of 18 year old Nicole) a 11 years old, Harold, Phil and Lil and Kimi are 10 years old, and Samantha (who was in Tommy's gang and Chuckie's love interest and Angelica's best friend) is 14 years old in this episode. Singing Emica was voiced by Bets Malone, Singing Tommy was voiced by Stacy Ferguson and Singing Angelica was voiced by Olivia Hack.
Beaumont-en-Cambrésis

Beaumont-en-Cambresis is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 445 people lived there.
Laissez-faire

Laissez-faire is an economic and political philosophy. It is from a French phrase that means to "leave alone". It means that government does not interfere with business and economy. Finance and trade decisions are left for the private individual to make. It is the belief that unregulated competition in business represents the best path to progress. Supporters claim that a free and unregulated market creates a natural balance between supply and demand. The phrase is supposed to have come from the 18th century. In a meeting between the French finance minister Colbert and a businessman named Le Gendre, Colbert asked how the government could help commerce. Le Gendre replied "Let us do what we want to do".
History
In Ancient China, there were three schools of political thought. Taoism believed in almost no economic interference by the government. Legalism included the belief that the state should have the maximum power. They created the traditional Chinese bureaucratic empire. Confucianism was split between these two extremes although was closer to Legalism than Taoism.
During the 19th century Laissez faire developed as a social and economic philosophy. It was believed that government involvement in business was harmful at worst and ineffective at best. Socially, it was believed that government intervention to help the poor was harmful because it made them lazy and dependent on the government. Economically there was debate at this time in Europe and the United States over whether free trade or tariffs promoted the most economic growth. Up until the 1840s protectionism was favored over Laissez faire. In Britain the Corn Laws placed high tariffs on imported corn to protect British farmers and land owners.
Damian D'Oliveira

Damian Basil "Dolly" D'Oliveira (19 October 1960 - 29 June 2014) was a South African-born English cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Worcestershire from 1982 to 1995. He was later the academy director of Worcestershire County Cricket Club until his death.
D'Oliveira was born in Cape Town. His father, Basil (1931-2011), played for Worcestershire and England. His uncle, Ivan (born 1941), played for Leicestershire. His son, Brett (born 1992), plays for Worcestershire.
D'Oliveira died from cancer on 29 June 2014, aged 53. He had cancer for two-and-a-half-years. His wife and three children outlived him.
Darling (movie)

Darling is a 1965 British romantic drama movie directed by John Schlesinger and starring Julie Christie, Dirk Bogarde, Laurence Harvey, Jose Luis de Villalonga, Roland Curram, Basil Henson, Umberto Raho, Pauline Yates, Brian Wilde. It was distributed by Embassy Pictures and was nominated for 5 Oscars and won 2 Academy Awards in 1966.
Jannine Weigel

Jannine Weigel (; born 30 July 2000) is a singer and actress with Thai and German ancestry. Her work (music) on YouTube are what made her well-known. She was an artist under GMM Grammy and is now an independent artist in Germany.
Biography
Jannine Weigel was born in Steinfurt, Germany. She lived there until she was 10 years old, when her family moved to Thailand in July 2010. She has three brothers and sisters.
She graduated from kindergarten at St. Martin, Steinfurt, Germany. She graduated from elementary school at Regen Boken Chulay Steinfurt city Germany, then studied for a bachelor's degree in advance, achievement card at Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University Faculty of Liberal Arts Department of English. Weigel graduated from junior high school at a distance education institution.
Career
Weigel appeared in the music video of Getsunova's Klai Khae Nai Khue Kla, which made her popular in 2012.
Weigel started her YouTube channel in 2013, where she posts her covers and popular songs. She has many covers that went viral and have gained millions of views.
Hitoshi Matsumoto

Hitoshi Matsumoto (born September 8, 1963 in Amagasaki Hyogo) is an Japanese comedian, actor, producer and director. Matsumoto is probably best known for being one-half of the comedy duo, Downtown where he is the boke also with member Masatoshi Hamada who is the tsukkomi. While apart of Downtown, Matsumoto and Hamada made two television shows, Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!! and Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ. He directed, produced and starred in a movie called Big Man Japan. The movie was shown at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival in the Directors' Fortnight section. The movie was nominated in 2007 for "Best Film" at the Sitges - Catalonian International Film Festival and in 2008 for "Best Visual Effects" at the Asian Film Awards. He is married to his wife Ihara Rin and they have a daughter that was born on October 6, 2009.
Damietta Governorate

Damietta Governorate ( Muhafzet Dumyat) is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is in the northeastern part of Egypt. It has a population of about 1 million. The city of Damietta is its capital.
The city of Damietta is famous for its guava farms, and for the palm trees from Ras El Bar in the east to Gamasa in the west. The governorate exports millions of palm trees to many countries every year, including Greece and China. Damietta also produces wheat, maize, cotton, rice, potatoes, lemon, grapes and tomatoes. It is famous for its sweet industry, sardine packing, and Domiati cheese. Ras El Bar is one of the oldest summer resorts in Egypt. It is at the point where the Nile meets the Mediterranean Sea.
Population
According to population estimates from 2015, most residents in the governorate live in rural areas. Only 38.7% live in urban areas. About 1,330,843 people live in the governorate. There are 815,244 people in rural areas and 515,599 in urban areas.
Furniture industry
The city of Damietta is famous for its skilled carpenters and furniture. Their products are sold in Egypt, and throughout the Middle East, Europe and the USA. Eighty percent of the governorate's income comes from furniture.
Avril Henry

Avril K. Henry (5 April 1935 - 20 April 2016) was an English activist. She wanted the legalization of assisted suicide by euthanasia. She was a retired professor of English medieval culture at the University of Exeter.
Henry committed suicide by euthanasia at her home in Brampford Speke, Devon on 20 April 2016, aged 81. She illegally bought a euthanasia kit online before her death.
Eulogy

A eulogy (from , eulogia, meaning "praise") is a speech or writing in praise of a person or thing. It is often given about a recently dead or retired person. Eulogies may be given as part of funeral services.
Warsangeli Sultanate

The Warsangeli Sultanate was a kingdom which existed from 1218 until 1886. Its last leader was Mahamoud Ali Shire.
Anglade

Anglade is a commune. It is in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
JVKE

Jacob Lawson, best known as JVKE or Jake (born March 3, 2001), is an American singer and songwriter. He is known mainly for his TikTok skit videos, one of which made him go viral in 2021. The platform was where he started showing his production and making of his songs, mainly with his mother. In July 2022, Lawson announced his biggest song yet, named "Golden Hour". He announced a music video for the song two months later.
Within a week of the songs release it became Lawson's first debut on the Billboard Hot 100 of which he topped at #71. His song also reached New Zealand of which it starred at #34 in the country.
Early life and education
Lawson was born on March 3, 2001 to his mother a public school music teacher and his father a pastor Lawson is related to Zachary Lawson, his brother of which is a Grammy-nominated producer. At an early age, Lawson joined a Catholic school in his city and later joined his hometown's public high school of which he graduated.
TikTok, Rise in Fame, Albums and Golden Hour
In 2020, during the coronavirus quarantine JVKE and his family joined TikTok in the same year with his mother he announced the song Upside Down. His song quickly blew up on the platform his following grew within it, the song is what the platform now considers a Mega-Viral Song the song went on to have a remix featuring Charlie Puth another growing artist at the time.
In September 2021, Lawson announced not only a song but an entire album that he'd produce called This is What Falling In Love Feels Like, The first song of the album was the namesake of the name of the album followed by many other songs which continued being produced onto 2022, The album blew up like Upside Down on TikTok this time reached a higher popularity with the app growing since 2020 by the millions.
After the success of This is What Falling in Love Feels Like he announced Golden Hour in July and This is What Sadness Feels Feels Like to mark the one year anniversary of the album. A day later on 23 September 2022 he announced his debut album this is what feels like From here Golden Hour started to get noticed by the general public, the song just from July to November ranked up nearly 25 million views his biggest hit yet.
Culebra

Culebra (meaning snake in Spanish) has several meanings:
Island of Culebra, part of Puerto Rico.
Culebra Peak, the southernmost fourteener in Colorado, USA.
Culebra (automobile), an English automobile manufactured in 1989.
The Culebra Cut, an artificial valley located in the Panama Canal area, was renamed the Gaillard Cut in 1915.
Sint-Agatha-Berchem

Sint-Agatha-Berchem (in Dutch) or Berchem-Sainte-Agathe (in French) is a municipality in the Belgian Brussels-Capital Region.
In 2007, 20431 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 51 North, 04deg 17 East.
Sremska Mitrovica

Mitrovica can also refer to Kosovska Mitrovica, a city in Kosovo
Sremska Mitrovica is a city in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. Today, about 39.000 people live in the city, about 85.000 in its urban area. The city has a long history going back to the Romans. Many Roman emperors were born in or around the city.
Fenerbahçe S.K.

Fenerbahce is a sports club in Istanbul, Turkey. It was officially founded in 1907.
Fenerbahce's home stadium is the Fenerbahce Sukru Saracoglu Stadium in Kadikoy, Istanbul.
They have won the Spor Toto Super League 28 times and Ziraat Turkish Cup 6 times.
Slug (rapper)

Sean Daley (born September 7, 1972) is an American rapper. He is better known by his stage names Slug or Sep Seven. He is best known for being the lead singer of the hip hop group Atmosphere.
Slug is from Minnesota. His stage name is a nickname that was given to him by his father. It was originally Sluggo by later shortened to Slug.
Slug has been involved in several projects. He formed Atmosphere in 1989. He worked with several other rap musicians in the late 1990s to form The Dynospectrum. They released an album, The Dynospectrum, in 1998. He formed another group, Deep Puddle Dynamics, in the same year. In 2000, Slug started Felt with Murs, another rap musician. They have released three albums.
In 2005, Slug started a record label with Murs, called Women Records.
Crunchy Black

Crunchy Black (born August 1974 in Indiana) is an American rapper and dancer from Memphis, Tennessee. He left in 2006. He is best known for being a member of the Oscar-winning hip hop group Three 6 Mafia. Crunchy is known for his dancing "G-Walking", which he says he started doing at Club Memphis. He is not the starter of this dance but he is very good at it. He is known as a pioneer.
International Mathematical Congress

The 1893 International Mathematical Congress was an event that came before the International Congress of Mathematicians. It took place from August 21 to August 26, 1893 in Chicago. It was held in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition.
It is not considered part of the International Congress of Mathematicians because 41 of the 45 participants were from the United States. The mathematician Felix Klein brought articles by German, French, Austrian, Italian, and Swiss mathematicians for publication in the Proceedings of Congress.
Background
Felix Klein delivered the opening speech at the International Mathematical Congress. The speech was called "The Present State of Mathematics". It contained a "manifesto" for future international cooperation mathematicians.
Klein was a strong believer in international collaboration in mathematics. Georg Cantor, whose efforts led to the founding of the German Mathematical Society, believed in the same. Their goals were the same, but they were both motivated by different personal reasons. Cantor felt that his close colleagues were unfairly criticizing his work, so he wanted a bigger platform to promote his ideas. Klein had strong ideas about math education and math research, and he was a great organizer who wanted to see his ideas on a bigger stage.
Táňa Fischerová

Tatana Fischerova (better known as Tana Fischerova) (6 June 1947 - 25 December 2019) was a Czech actress, writer, television host, politician and civic activist. From 2002 to 2006, she was a member of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. She was a candidate for president in the 2013 Czech presidential election. She was born in Prague.
Fischerova died on 25 December 2019 in Prague of cancer at the age of 72.
Onagraceae

Onagraceae is a family of flowering plants, beloging to the myrtle order comprising 21 genera concentrated in the temperate region of the New World. The family is characterized by flowers with parts mostly on the plan of four (four sepals, four petals, four or eight stamens), but there are some exceptions. The ovary is inferior (i.e., below the flower proper).
2017–18 NHL season

The 2017-18 NHL season is the 101st season of operation (100th season of play) of the National Hockey League. The 31 teams are playing an 82-game regular season. The regular season began on October 4, 2017 and ended on April 7, 2018. The Stanley Cup playoffs began a few days after and the Stanley Cup finals was held between Washington Capitals and Vegas Golden Knights which ended with the Washington Capitals winning their first Stanley cup in their franchise history. The Vegas Golden Knights joined the league for this season and became the first team to win the first three games of their history. They now have five wins and one loss making them the first team to do this since the Montreal Canadiens in the NHL's first season. The two-time defending Stanley Cup and Eastern Conference champions are the Pittsburgh Penguins while Penguins' player Sidney Crosby is the two-time defending Conn Smythe Trophy winner. The Nashville Predators are the defending Western Conference champions. The Washington Capitals are the two-time defending Presidents' Trophy winners. Edmonton Oilers player Connor McDavid is the defending winner of the Hart Memorial and Art Ross Trophies.
Syd Barrett

Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett (6 January 1946 - 7 July 2006) was an English musician. Barrett is most famous for founding the rock band Pink Floyd. He started the band in 1965 under several different names and wrote the band's first album, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn. During this time he experimented with psychedelic (mind-altering) drugs and eventually exited the band in 1968. Following his departure from Pink Floyd, he released two records, The Madcap Laughs and Barrett, to little commercial success, due to the unusual lyrics and unsteady beats. He later suffered from mental health issues, possibly related to his history of drug use. Some of his most successful solo songs are "Dark Globe" and "Octopus".
City of Dunedin Choir

The City of Dunedin Choir a community choir in a city called Dunedin which is in the South Island of New Zealand. It has people from all age groups: some are old, some are young. They are all from the Dunedin area. The choir sings large classical choral pieces of music. The choir has about 140 members at the moment.
The choir sings many types of music, including music from these periods: Baroque, Classical and Romantic orchestral works, and also modern New Zealand choral music. The Choir usually sings in about four or five concerts a year, often performing with an orchestra called Southern Sinfonia. Choir practice is held every week in the Crypt of St Paul's Cathedral on the Octagon in the middle of Dunedin.
Recent Performances
The music in the City of Dunedin Choir's recent concerts include:
Schubert: Mass in A Flat;
Orff: Carmina Burmana;
Elgar: Dream of Gerontius;
Bach: A Christmas Oratorio;
Ralph Vaughan Williams: Serenade to Music;
Handel: The King Shall Rejoice;
Purcell: Come ye Sons of Art;
Mendelssohn: As the Hart Pants;
Handel: My Heart is Inditing;
Haydn: Nelson Mass;
Handel: Messiah;
Bach: St. John Passion;
Faure: Cantique de Jean Racine;
Faure: Requiem and
Alexander Estrange: Zimbe!
Upcoming Concerts
Upcoming City of Dunedin Choir Concerts include a performance of 'Saint Nicolas' by Benjamin Britten.
History
The City of Dunedin Choir has been making audiences enjoy themselves around the region for nearly 150 years. The choir used to be two choirs, the Musical Union and the Choral Society, which were both made in 1863 and they joined together the following year with George West as conductor.
The name of the choir became Dunedin Choral Society Incorporated a few years later. The society stopped existing in 1888 but started existing with the same name as before in 1897 with James Coombs as conductor. It changed its name to Schola Cantorum in 1967, after joining together with the University Union Choir, and then it changed its name to City of Dunedin Choir in 1993, the year it had existed for 130 years. However, through all these "trading name" changes, the official name remains Dunedin Choral Society Incorporated.
Vice-Regal Patronage
The Choir's immediate past Patron was the Hon. Dame Silvia Cartwright. The choir's archives, which are at the Hocken Library, say that, Mr H.S. Chapman, Supreme Court Judge, was Patron in 1878 and Governor, the Earl of Ranfurly, was Patron in 1898. They also say that Sir Hercules Robinson, Governor from 1879 to 1880, attended several concerts during his time as Governor, but he was not a patron.
Thangjam

Thangjam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Castilfrío de la Sierra

Castilfrio de la Sierra is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Wang, Bavaria

Wang is a municipality in the district of Freising in Bavaria in Germany.
Mount Olivet Cemetery (Chicago)

Mount Olivet Cemetery is a Roman Catholic cemetery in Chicago, Illinois. The cemetery is at 2755 West 111th St.
There are over 142,200 people buried at the cemetery. The cemetery is 93 acres in size. It became one of the first major area cemeteries to become full before more land was purchased on its east side.
Mount Olivet was the first burial place of Al Capone, who was put between the graves of his father and brother. A few years after his mother's death, the remains of all three men were moved to Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois.
Giannis Theonas

Giannis Theonas (29 October 1940 - 12 September 2021) was a Greek politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2001. He was a member of the Communist Party. From 2015 until his death, he was a member of the Hellenic Parliament. He was born in Naxos, Greece.
Theonas died on 12 September 2021 in Athens at the age of 80.
Voiced velar fricative

The voiced velar fricative is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English but is in Dutch.
Darijo Srna

Darijo Srna (born 1 May 1982) is a Croatian former football player. He last played for Shakhtar Donetsk and Croatia national team.
Talihina, Oklahoma

Talihina is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Greg Winter

Sir Gregory Paul Winter (born 14 April 1951) is a British biochemist. He is best known for his work on the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies. He invented techniques to both humanise (1986) and, later, to fully humanise using phage display, antibodies for therapeutic uses.
Winter won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with George P. Smith and Frances Arnold.
Randolph County, Indiana

Randolph County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 26,171 people lived there. The county seat is Winchester.
Sid Fleischman

Albert Sidney "Sid" Fleischman (March 16, 1920 - March 17, 2010) was a Newbery Medal-winning American author who was known for his award-winning book The Whipping Boy and for Humbug Mountain. He also won the Horn Book Award. The Sid Fleischman Award for funny fiction books for children or young adults was named after him.
Fleischman was born on March 16, 1920 in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were Russian Jews. He was raised in San Diego, California and in Santa Monica, California. Fleischman studied at San Diego State University.
Fleischman was married to Betty Taylor from 1952 until her death in 1993. They had three children. Their son Paul also became an Newbery Medal-winning writer. They were the only father and son to win a Newbery Medal. Fleischman died on March 17, 2010 in Santa Monica, California from cancer, just a day after his birthday, aged 90.
Dave Adolph

Dave Adolph (June 6, 1937 - February 12, 2017) was an American football coach. He held coaching positions at National Football League teams including the Cleveland Browns, Oakland Raiders, Kansas City Chiefs and San Diego Chargers. He was born in Akron, Ohio.
Adolph died on February 12, 2017, at the age of 79.
List of counties in Michigan

There are 83 counties in the U.S. state of Michigan.
List of counties
Former counties
Brown County: formed in 1818 from unorganized territory. Given to Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and continues as Brown County, Wisconsin.
Keskkauko County: formed in 1840 from part of Mackinac County. Renamed Charlevoix County in 1843. Annexed to Emmet County in 1853. Reformed as Charlevoix County from Emmet County in 1869.
Crawford County: formed in 1818 from unorganized territory when Michigan Territory was expanded to include area west of Lake Michigan upon formation of ths state of Illinois. Transferred to Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and continues as Crawford County, Wisconsin.
Des Moines County: formed in 1834 from unorganized territory. Given to Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and continues as Des Moines County, Iowa.
Dubuque County: formed in 1834 from unorganized territory. Given to Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and continues as Dubuque County, Iowa.
Iowa County: formed in 1830 from part of Crawford County. Given to Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and continues as Iowa County, Wisconsin.
Isle Royale County: formed in 1875 from part of Keweenaw County. Returned to it in 1897.
Manitou County: formed in 1855 from parts of Emmet County and Leelenau County. County was ended in 1895 and added to Charlevoix County and Leelanau County.
Milwaukee County: formed in 1834 from part of Brown County. Given to Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and continues as Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.
Omeena County: formed in 1840 from part of Mackinac County. Added to Grand Traverse County in 1853.
Wyandot County: formed in 1840 from part of Mackinac County. Added to Cheboygan County in 1853.
Željka Cvijanović

Zeljka Cvijanovic (born 4 March 1967), is a Bosnian Serb politician, serving as the 8th and current Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. She was the 9th President of Republika Srpska from 2018 until 2022.
She was the 11th Prime Minister of Republika Srpska from 12 March 2013 to 19 November 2018.
On 7 October 2018 she was elected to be President of Republika Srpska. Cvijanovic is a member of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats.
At the 2022 general election, she became the first woman to be elected member of the Presidency.
John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, OM (12 November 1842 - 30 June 1919) was an English Physicist. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904. He discovered argon and Rayleigh scattering.
1880s

Events
The first commercial Macadamia nut farm opens in Australia.
Railroads help industrialize many western countries.
Andrew Fire

Andrew Zachary Fire (born April 27, 1959 in Palo Alto, California) is an American biologist. He is a professor of pathology and genetics at Stanford University School of Medicine. Fire was given the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of RNA interference. The research was conducted at Carnegie Institution for Science and published in 1998.
Education
Fire completed high school at age 15. He wanted to study at Stanford University, where he would later work, but was not accepted. He studied at the University of Californiaat Berkeley. Fire graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics at 19, and earned a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1983.
Nobel prize
In 2006, Fire and Craig Mello shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work first published in 1998 in the journal Nature. The paper reports that tiny snippets of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) effectively shut down specific genes, and so caused the destruction of messenger RNA (mRNA) with sequences matching the dsRNA. As a result, the mRNA cannot be translated into protein.
Fire and Mello found that dsRNA was much more effective in gene silencing than the previously described method of RNA interference with single-stranded RNA. Because only small numbers of dsRNA molecules were required for the observed effect, Fire and Mello proposed that a catalytic process was involved. This hypothesis was confirmed by later research.
St. Agatha, Maine

St. Agatha is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States.
Lars Vogt

Lars Vogt (8 September 1970 - 5 September 2022) was a German concert pianist and conductor. Vogt was born in Duren, Germany. He became known after winning the 1990 Leeds International Piano Competition. He founded the festival 'Spannungen' in Heimbach (Eifel) in 1998. In October 2019, the Orchestre de chambre de Paris (OCP) announced the appointment of Vogt as its new music director.
In February 2021, Vogt was diagnosed with cancer. He died on 5 September 2022 from the disease three days before his 52nd birthday.
Dagr

Dagr (Old Norse "day") is a personification of a day in the Norse mythology. He is a son of the dawn god Dellingr and personification of the night Nott. He is a half-brother of Audr and Jord (Earth). His nephew is Thor.
Odin took Dagr and Nott, gave them each a chariot and a horse--Dagr receiving the horse Skinfaxi--and placed them in the sky to ride around the earth every 24 hours.
Trent Alexander-Arnold

Trent John Alexander-Arnold (born 7 October 1998) is an English professional footballer. He plays for Premier League club Liverpool and the England national team. He plays as a right-back. He was born in West Derby, Liverpool.
Alexander-Arnold is an academy graduate of Liverpool. He made played his first senior game for Liverpool in 2016, aged 18. He has since made over 70 appearances and won the club's Young Player of the Season award in 2017 and 2018. He won the 2018-19 UEFA Champions League with Liverpool, starting in the final.
Alexander-Arnold represented England at all youth levels from under-16 through to under-21. He then played his first senior game for his country in June 2018. He played for England at the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Genderfluid

Gender-fluidity describes the experience of changing gender identity over time. They can fluctuate between any gender, such as feeling more feminine or masculine.
Bandō, Ibaraki

is a city in Ibaraki, Japan.
The city of Bando is made up of the old city of Iwai and the town of Sashima, which joined on March 22, 2005.
Gas mask

A gas mask is a kind of mask that fits over the face area and nose. It protects from poison gases and many other hazards in the air. During World War II gas masks were sent all over England. They were worn everywhere, even to sleep, in case of surprise attack. However, the Germans didn't attack with gas bombs. Gas masks have a filter, a type of material which lets good air in.
Fort Benton, Montana

Fort Benton is a city in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Chouteau County. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,464 people.
Established in 1846, Fort Benton is the oldest settlement in Montana. The Missouri River flows along the town.
Baluchistan Agency

The Baluchistan Agency was one of the agencies of British India. Agency Territories, with an area of 44,345 square miles (208.262 km2), composed of tracts which had, from time to time, been acquired by lease or otherwise brought under control and been placed directly under British officers.
This agency consisted of three princely states, Kalat and its two feudatory states Las Bela and Kharan. The British government maintained the administrative control through their political agent in Kalat.
Polish Wikipedia

The Polish Wikipedia (In Polish: Wikipedia polskojezyczna) is the Polish-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in September 2001. It is currently the 10th largest edition by article count.
It currently has over articles.
Herod Agrippa II

Herod Agrippa II (AD 27/28 - 92 or 100) was the latest leader from the Herodian dynasty. He was born in the family of Herod Agrippa.
Nasal bilabial click

The bilabial nasal click is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Roger Couderc

Roger Couderc is a French sports journalist, specialist in rugby, born July 12, 1918 in Souillac (Lot) and died February 25, 1984 in Bron.
His enthusiastic comments on television and radio have gone a long way in expanding the popularity of rugby in France, especially north of the Loire. The players of the France team nicknamed him "the sixteenth man of the XV of France".
Raj Kapoor

Ranbir Raj Kapoor (14 December 1924 - 2 June 1988) was an Indian movie actor, producer and director.
Kapoor is thought of as one of the greatest and most influential actors and moviemakers in the history of Indian cinema. Kapoor won many awards. These include 3 National Film Awards and 11 Filmfare Awards in India. He was nominated twice for the Palme d'Or grand prize at the Cannes Film Festival. His performance in Awaara was named one of the top ten greatest performances of all time by Time magazine. His movies were popular worldwide, particularly in Asia and Europe. He was called "the Clark Gable of the Indian film industry".
The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1971.
Early life
Kapoor was born in 1924 to Prithviraj Kapoor and Ramsarni Devi Kapoor. The Kapoor family is well known for their acting and directing in India. Kapoor's father, brothers, children and grandchildren have had success as actors or producers.
Kapoor acted in his first movie when he was only 10 years old.
Career
Kapoor was the lead actor for the first time in Neel Kamal (1947). His co-star was Madhubala. In 1947, he started his own movie company, R. K. Films. At 24 years old, he directed his first movie Aag. His co-star was Nargis. He and Nargis worked together in 16 movies, 6 of these were produced by Kapoor. His first major success as an actor was in the movie Andaz directed by Mehboob Khan. Andaz was the second-highest earning movie in 1949. The highest earning movie that year was Barsaat, also starring Kapoor.
He went on to produce and star in several hit movies made by his company including Awaara (1951), Shree 420 (1955), and Jagte Raho (1956). His movie Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai, directed by Radhu Karmakar, won Filmfare Award for Best Film. Kapoor also won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for the movie. The romantic musical movie Sangam was his first movie in colour.
In 1970, he produced, directed and starred in his movie Mera Naam Joker. The movie took more than six years to complete but it did not earn very much money. Later in 1973, his movie Bobby became the highest earning movie of the year and the second highest earning movie of the 1970s at the Indian box office. The movie was the first lead role for Kapoor's son, Rishi Kapoor.
Later movies produced and directed by Kapoor focused on the female lead character. The movie Prem Rog (1982) with Padmini Kolhapure won the Filmfare Award for Best Director.
ARD (broadcaster)

ARD is a public broadcaster in Germany. The name is an abbreviation. It stands for Arbeitsgemeinschaft der offentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. This can be translated as "Consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany". The company is made of different regional broadcasters. It provides one of the two (publicly funded) television programmes in Germany, amongst other programmes. The other publicly funded TV program is called Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (ZDF, in short).
It was founded in West Germany in 1950. It was made for common interests of the new, de-centralized post-war broadcasting services - in particular, the introduction of a joint television network.
ARD is made of the following regional broadcasters: BR, HR, MDR, NDR, Radio Bremen, RBB, SR, SWR, and WDR, as well as international broadcaster Deutsche Welle.
They make a total of 54 regional and local radio stations and networks, two nationwide radio channels, and seven regional TV networks. During certain parts of the day some of these split even further.
Microsoft Paint

Microsoft Paint, also called MS Paint or simply Paint is a computer program made by Microsoft. It allows people to create picture files as well as edit picture files saved on their computer. Microsoft Paint is also a program for adding texts to images saved on a computer. There are various tools to help people edit photos, including:
the paint bucket
pencils
spray can
eraser
line and curved line tools
multiple shape tools
text tool
cut out tool
The program has a color palette displayed on the bottom left of the screen, as well as an "Edit Colors..." menu, allowing users to create all the shades they need.
Using the selection tools (the 2 tools at the top if the tools bar), users can select all or part of an image and then cut, copy, delete and paste it.
Many digital artists or editors prefer programs like Photoshop, but many on a tighter budget or with less time on their hands use Paint. Because of this, there are many Internet tutorials to help enhance the creative skill of every Microsoft Painter.
Praslin, Aube

Praslin is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Jaligny-sur-Besbre

Jaligny-sur-Besbre is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
Józef Rysula

Jozef Rysula (13 March 1939 - 23 November 2020) was a Polish cross-country skier. He competed at the 1960 Winter Olympics, the 1964 Winter Olympics and the 1968 Winter Olympics. He was born in Koscielisko, Poland.
Rysula died on 23 November 2020 at the age of 81.
Langendorf, Switzerland

Langendorf is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
Johanna Welin

Johanna Welin (born 24 June 1984) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship.
Courtland, Mississippi

Courtland is a town in Panola County, Mississippi, United States.
Olfaction

Olfaction is the sense of smell. The sense of smell is how a human or animal notices a smell (or odour or odor) by using the nose. Many animals have better noses than people. Some animals can detect small particles in the air or sometimes water that people cannot.
People have special cells in the nose that can detect some chemicals. These are special nerve cells attached to the olfactory epithelium. All vertebrates have these cells. The smell is first processed by the olfactory system. The information is given to the olfactory bulb in the front of the forebrain.
In insects, smells are sensed by sensillum on the antennae and first processed by the antennal lobe.
Olfactory reception cells
The olfactory reception (OR) cells are neurons (nerve cells). Many tiny hair-like cilia stick out of these cells into the mucus covering the surface of the epithelium. The surface of these cilia is covered with olfactory receptors, a kind of protein.
There are about 1000 different genes which code for the ORs, though only about a third are functional. The rest are pseudogenes. The OR genes are the largest gene family. An odor molecule dissolves into the mucus of the olfactory epithelium and then binds to an OR. Various odor molecules bind to various ORs. The basis of the sense of smell is that different groups of scent molecules bind to different receptor cells and so fire different groups of neurons. Inside the olfactory region of the brain, the firing of neurons produces the perceived smell.
When the OR is activated, changes start in the cells. Positive ions come in and negative ions go out of the cells. This causes the neuron to fire an impulse (generate an action potential).
Scott Baio

Scott Vincent James Baio (born September 22, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American movie and television actor and television director. He is best known for his roles as Chachi Arcola on the sitcom Happy Days and its spin-off, Joanie Loves Chachi. He was the main character in the series Charles in Charge. Baio has been married to Renee Sloan since 2007. He has a daughter and a stepdaughter. Baio had two reality television series Scott Baio Is 45...and Single (2007) and Scott Baio Is 46...and Pregnant (2008) premiered on VH1.
The Princess and the Pea

"The Princess and the Pea" is a literary fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen. It was first published in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1835. It appeared as the third tale in the first book of Andersen's Fairy Tales Told for Children. The other tales in the little book were "The Tinderbox", "Big Claus and Little Claus", and "Little Ida's Flowers".
The story tells of a maiden whose royalty is established by her sensitivity to a pea placed under her matresses. Stories of super-sensitivity are rare. They are not unknown however in world literature and lore. Andersen heard the tale of the pea as a child, but it is unknown in Danish folk tradition. He probably heard a Swedish version of the tale.
The critics did not like these four stories. They did not like their informal, chatty style. They thought the stories immoral. The stories did not promote good behaviour and the mores of the times. "Little Claus and Big Claus", for instance, featured unpunished lying, hoodwinking, theft, and adulterous conduct.
The story has been adapted to various media including a television program on Shelley Duval's Fairy Tale Theatre. A popular musical play of the 1960s was based on the story called Once Upon a Mattress. It starred comedienne Carol Burnett.
Story
A prince decides to marry. He wants a real princess as his bride. He searches the world, but does not find one. He returns home disappointed.
One stormy night, a rain-soaked maiden comes to the castle door. She is seeking shelter. She says she is a real princess.
The Queen uses a test to determine if the maiden is really a princess. She puts a pea upon a bed. She then puts 20 mattresses and 20 feather beds upon the bed. Here the princess must pass the night.
In the morning, the maiden says that she could not sleep. She says there was something hard in the bed that kept her tossing and turning all night. Everyone now realizes she is a real princess! Only a real princess is so sensitive that she can feel a pea beneath a huge pile of bedding!
Azealia Banks

Azealia Amanda Banks (born May 31, 1991) is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. She was born in Harlem, New York City. On November 9, 2008 she made a Myspace account and released her first song, "Gimme a Chance" on it as "Miss Bank$". Later that year she was signed by XL Recordings. In 2011 Banks was chosen by NME as No.1 of their Cool List of the year.
Her first album Broke with Expensive Taste is going to be released in January 2014. Her second album, Fantasea II: The Second Wave is going to be released July 2013.
On December 6, 2011 Banks' first single "212" was released. On May 28, 2012 her first EP 1991 was released in the UK. It was released in the US the next day. A video for the song "Van Vogue" was released. On July 11, 2012 a 19-song mixtape called Fantasea was released for free download. Banks' second single "Esta Noche" was going to be released September 25, 2012, but a day before this was cancelled because the producer Munchi said she "stole" the track.
On December 4, 2012 the single "Liquorice" was released.
Banks made a dark purple lipstick with MAC called "Yung Rapunxel". It was marketed online from September 6 to 20, 2012.
On January 10, 2014 Banks released a remix of "Partition" by Beyonce Knowles she made with Busta Rhymes.
Personal life
Banks is bisexual.
Mavie Bardanzellu

Maria Vittoria "Mavie" Bardanzellu (6 April 1938 - 5 February 2022) was an Italian actress. She was born in Luras, Sardinia, Kingdom of Italy. Her best known roles were in A Question of Honour, Menage all'italiana, Carogne si nasce, Silvia e l' amore and Silvia e l'amore.
Bardanzellu died on 5 February 2022, at the age of 83.
Stanley Baldwin

Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 August 186714 December 1947) was a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times. He presided over the economic crisis of the 1930s and abdication of King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom.
He also believed in being soft on Germany since many people in nearby countries were German and wanted to become part of it, the country stopped the Soviet Union from spreading its communism and most British people did not want another world war.
Santa Catarina

Santa Catarina may refer to:
Santa Catarina (state), one of Brazil's federal states
Santa Catarina (island), located in Santa Catarina state
Annika Evaldsson

Annika Evaldsson, born 14 May 1970 in Asarna, Sweden, is a Swedish cross country skier. She competed at international top level from 1992 to 2002. Her best World Cup finish was seventh in a sprint event in Sunne in Sweden on 11 March 1997.
During the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, she finished 25th in the 5 kilometers event and 29th in both the 5 km + 10 kilometers combined pursuit and the 15 kilometers events. Her best finish during the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was when she ended up 14th in the 5 kilometer event at Trondheim in 1997.
During Swedish national championships she won the 5 kilometers events in the years of 1996 and 1997 and the sprint event in the year 2000. She was also part of Solleftea SK's 3 x 5 kilometers relay-winning team in the years of 1994 and 1995. In the year 2000 she won Tjejvasan.