kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Ferdinand Cohn

Ferdinand Julius Cohn (24 January 1828 - 25 June 1898) was a German biologist. He is a founder of modern bacteriology and microbiology.
Cohn was born in the Jewish quarter of Breslau in the Prussian Province of Silesia. This is now Wroclaw, Poland. Starting at age 16 he studied botany under Heinrich Goppert at the University of Breslau. He then moved to the University of Berlin. At age 19 in 1847 he received a degree in botany at Berlin.
In 1849 he returned to the University of Breslau and he remained at that university for the rest of his career as a teacher and researcher. His father had bought for him a large and expensive microscope, which the University of Breslau and most universities did not have at that time. They had microscopes, but not so good as his. It was Ferdinand Cohn's main research tool in the 1850s.
In the 1850s he studied the growth and division of plant cells. In 1855 he produced papers on the sexuality of Sphaeroplea and later Volvox. In the 1860s he studied plant physiology. Cohn was the first to classify algae as plants, and to define what distinguishes them from green plants.
From 1870 onward he mostly studied bacteria. He published over 150 research reports during his lifetime. The University of Breslau became an innovative center for plant physiology and microbiology while he was there. His classification of bacteria into four groups based on shape (sphericals, short rods, threads, and spirals) is still in use today.
Among other things Cohn showed that Bacillus can change from a vegetative state to an endospore when conditions are hard. Heat resistant spores of B. subtilis caused a controversy over spontaneous generation. Cohn explained why boiled infusions of hay and cheese could still get microbial growth. It was because they contained heat resistant spores.
Bering Strait

The Bering Strait (Russian: Beringov proliv) is a sea strait between Cape Dezhnev, Russia, the easternmost point (169deg43' W) of the Asian continent and Cape Prince of Wales on the edge of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, the westernmost point (168deg05' W) of the North American continent, with latitude of about 65deg 40' north, slightly south of the Arctic Circle. The strait was made around 40,000 years ago, when an old landmass between Asia and America known as Beringia was flooded at the end of the last ice age. The strait is passed through by the international date line, making from the view of the Russian side from the Alaskan side like looking at tomorrow.
Geography
The Bering Strait is 82 km at its narrowest point, and 90 meters deep at its deepest point (with an average depth of 50 meters), making the strait rather shallow. There are three small islands located in the strait. There are the two Diomede Islands in the middle of the strait, and a small rock (or islet) known as Fairway Rock southeast of the Diomede Islands.
Proposed crossing
There have been ideas of building a bridge or tunnel to link Alaska and Russia, where cars and trains could cross the strait. The crossing would have three parts, one connecting Big Diomede Island to Russia, one connecting Small Diomede with Alaska, and a final link between the islands. This would link the North American road system with the connected road systems of Asia, Europe, and Africa. There have not been any physical work done on such a crossing, mostly due to the remoteness of the strait, and the little demand for it. There are no major highways or railroads that connect the Bering Strait to the rest of Asia or America, so if either a tunnel or bridge was built across the strait, new connections to the rest of the highways and railways would have to be made for cars or trains to get there. The crossing might become more useful in the future however.
Permineralization

Permineralization is a process of fossilization in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms.
Minerals in water fill the spaces inside organic tissue. The process gives a record of soft tissue as well as hard tissues. Fossils with permineralization are useful in studying internal structures, especially of plants.
Water from the ground, lakes, or oceans seeps into the pores of organic tissue and forms a crystal cast with deposited minerals. Crystals begin to form in the porous cell walls. This process continues on the inner surface of the walls until the central cavity of the cell, the lumen, is completely filled. The cell walls themselves remain intact surrounding the crystals. Permineralization is different from petrification in that the organic material is only filled with minerals and not completely replaced. Permineralization can occur in several ways:
Types
Silicification
Silicification is the most common type of permineralization.
Carbonate mineralization
Carbonate mineralization occurs as coal balls. Coal balls are fossilizations of plants and their tissues, usually made when there is seawater or acidic peat. This type of fossilization gives information about plant life in the Upper Carboniferous (325 to 280 million years ago).
Pyritization
Organisms are pyritized when they are in marine sediments saturated with iron sulfides.
A.C. Parabiago

A.C. Parabiago is a football club for Parabiago, Italy.
They wear maroon and white colored jerseys.
Asher, Oklahoma

Asher is a town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 393 at the 2010 census, a decline of 6.2 percent from 419 at the 2000 census.
Geography
Asher is located at (34.988580, -96.926550), at the intersection of U.S. Highway 177 and State Highway 39 in Pottawatomie County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
Adelong, New South Wales

Adelong is a small town in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. It is a part of the Tumut Shire. About 1400 people live in the Adelong district, and 829 people live in the town. The town is about 160 kilometres west of Canberra on the Snowy Mountains Highway. The town's name comes from an Aboriginal word meaning "along the way" or "plain with a river".
History
Hamilton Hume and William Hovell were the first Europeans in to visit the area on their way back to Sydney in 1825. They described it as "rough and difficult country."
Gold rush
Adelong was settled between 1840 and 1850. Gold was discovered at Adelong by a William Williams in 1857. The gold was on the top of Victoria Hill and was part of the Old Hill Reef. Alluvial gold was found in both Adelong Creek and Golden Gully in the same year. Adelong quickly became an important goldfield. Adelong Post Office opened on 1 January 1859.
By 1859 a number of gold reefs were being mined, including the Old Reef and the Great Victoria Mine. Between 1859 and 1876, 3,798 kilograms of gold was mined. During the gold rush the population grew to more than 30,000 people. Over 25 tonnes of gold was mined from 1857 to the close of the mines in 1914. The National Trust of Australia has listed the main street of Adelong and a number of buildings as being important historical places.
A number of narrow tramway tracks were built in the mine area. Adelong is one of the only two gold mining areas in New South Wales known to have used a steam locomotive on its tramways.
During the gold rush many Chinese people worked in the mines. Many died and were buried in a special part of the Adelong cemetery. The Chinese part of the cemetery was destroyed in the early 1900s. One or two old Chinese and Indian people still lived in Adelong in the 1950s. A small town, Cornishtown, was about a mile west of Adelong till the 1940s.
Farming
After the gold rush, farming became the main business in the area. This was mainly Merino sheep and beef cattle. Over the last 20 years a tourists have come to visit because of the pleasant scenery and gold mining history. The famous Adelong Falls, with its rich gold-mining past, is an ideal spot to for a picnic or to explore the local area.
Toni Turek

Toni Turek is a former football player. He has played for West Germany national team. In 1954 he became world champion. He is called "Fussballgott" ("football god").
Worms (movie)

Worms () is a 2013 Brazilian stop motion animated adventure fantasy family comedy film directed by Paolo Conti and Arthur Nunes. It is the first Brazilian stop-motion animated film. It was released in Brazil on December 20, 2013.
Plot
When Junior, a worm who is eleven years old or twelve years old who is protected too much, accidentally goes up to the surface, he has to go back home, which could be dangerous for him.
Mancenans

Mancenans is a commune in the Doubs department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in eastern France.
Geography
Mancenans is west of L'Isle-sur-le-Doubs between the hills of Chatel and Replain.
Delaware County, Pennsylvania

Delaware County, also nicknamed Delco, is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that borders Philadelphia. With a population of 562,960, it is the fifth most populous county in Pennsylvania. The county was created on September 26, 1789 and was named after the Delaware River. The county seat is Media.
Chūgoku region

The , also known as the , is one of Japan's traditional regions. The Japanese conventions of geography and history divide the nation into eight regions, including the Chugoku region. These have been used since 1905 as basic units for description and comparison and as cultural markers.
The regions of Japan are a fusion of historical divisions and modern administrative needs". The significance of the region in Japan is geographical, cultural and administrative.
History
In the late 7th century, the San'indo and San'yodo were identified as two of the eight largest administrative areas of the Imperial system (ritsuryo seido).
Gokishichido is an ancient system of names for parts of the country, including San'indo and San'yodo. Chugoku covers a western part of the island of Honshu in roughly the same area as the traditional San'indo and San'yodo.
In the Meiji period, the modern regional system was made by Imperial decree. Japan was divided into regions (chiho ), including the Chugoku region. A regional council (chiho gyosei kyogisai) was headed by the governor of the most powerful prefecture in the regional grouping. The council also included regional chiefs of central government ministries.
Table: Chugoku
Over time, Chugoku has developed its own regional dialects, customs and unique traditional culture.
Erath County, Texas

Erath County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 42,545 people lived there. The county seat is Stephanville.
Adriana Roel

Adriana Roel (5 July 1934 - 4 August 2022) was a Mexican actress. She was known for her role in the Mexican telenovela Huracan. She also starred in Viva Maria!, Autumn Days and Chucho el Roto.
Rick Astley

Richard Paul Astley (born 6 February 1966) is a British singer, songwriter and musician. He was born in Great Sankey, Warrington, Lancashire, England and grew up in Newton-le-Willows, Merseyside. Astley has also lived in Richmond, London with his Danish wife, Lene Bausager, and their daughter, Emilie.
Career
In 1985, Astley was a drummer with a soul band named FBI when Pete Waterman noticed him and persuaded him to come to London to work at the PWL recording studio.
His first single was the little-known "When You Gonna," released as a collaboration with Lisa Carter. His first solo offering was "Never Gonna Give You Up," released in 1987 which spent five weeks at the top of the British charts and becoming the year's highest-selling single. On 12 March 1988, "Never Gonna Give You Up" also topped the U.S. singles chart and was followed by a second U.S. #1 on 18 June with his second U.S. single release, "Together Forever." In 1989 he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best New Artist of the Year. He lost to Tracy Chapman.
Much later, thanks to the rick rolling phenomenon and the persistent voting of the website 4chan, he was also nominated for the Best Act Ever Award 2008 at the Liverpool Music Awards.
Rickroll internet phenomenon
In 2007 Rick Astley became the subject of a viral Internet meme in which an estimated 25 million Internet users were tricked into watching Rick Astley's video "Never Gonna Give You Up" by posting it under the name of other popular video titles. The practice is now known as Rickrolling. The phenomenon became so popular that on April 1, 2008, YouTube pranked its users by making every single featured video on the front page a Rickroll.
Discography
Canada Top data: for singles and albums from The Record magazine. US Top data: for singles from The Billboard Hot 100, for albums from The Billboard 200; UK Top data for singles and albums is from UK Singles Chart.
Analogy

An analogy is a comparison between two things that are similar in some way. When you draw an analogy between two different things, you are comparing them because you want to make a concept easier to understand.
"In general (but not always), such arguments belong in the category of inductive reasoning, since their conclusions do not follow with certainty but are only supported with varying degrees of strength".
There is a difference between superficial analogies and profound analogies. Two things might look alike, but work quite differently, or they might look different, but work in ways like each other. Most effort is put into finding profound analogies which teach us something worth knowing. As another philosopher puts is:
"The goal has been to find the formal criteria that distinguish good from bad analogical inference. These efforts have met with mixed success, at best".
Mario Bunge sees analogy as a main way of getting new hypotheses which can be tested. He points out that analogies may be based on similarities in behaviour, or in structure.
Famous examples
The parables of Jesus are analogies. For instance, in the parable of the sower the analogy of the seed falling on good ground is to "such as hear the word, and receive it, and bring forth fruit".
Charles Darwin chose the term "natural selection" as an analogy with the selection of domesticated animals and plants. The artificial selection of breeds of pigeons was one of his favourite studies.
Great Western Railway (train operating company)

First Great Western, is a British train operating company owned by FirstGroup, which has services in the west and south west of England and South Wales. It also runs the Night Riviera overnight train between London and Penzance.
Near the end of January 2010, First Great Western said that an PS8,000,000 refresh programme to their fleet of Class 166 Turbo DMU trains would happen. In February 2021, GWR announced to purchase Class 319 "FLEX" units to replace the 158, 387, 165 and 166.
History
The company began operating on 4 February 1996 as Great Western Trains, as part of the privatisation of British Rail, and in December 1998 became First Great Western after FirstGroup bought the company. On 1 April 2006, First Great Western Link and Wessex Trains were combined into First Great Western. On 20 September 2015, FirstGroup started to operate an extended franchise that is due to run until 30 March 2019.</p>
Train services
First Great Western runs most passenger train services on the Great Western main line.
Berit Berthelsen

Berit Berthelsen ( Toien, 25 April 1944 - 13 February 2022) was a Norwegian athlete. She represented IL Tyrving. He also was part of the national team. She was known for participating in long jump and sprints events. She finished seventh at the 1964 Summer Olympics and ninth at the 1968 Summer Olympics. She won a bronze medal at the 1969 European Athletics Championships.
Berthelsen died on 13 February 2022, at the age of 77.
Imrali

Imrali is an island in the Marmara Sea in Turkey. There is only a jail in the island and no other buildings. Abdullah Ocalan is imprisoned there since 1999. Adnan Menderes the former prime minister of Turkey was executed there in 1961.
Corps de ballet

The corps de ballet are a group of dancers in a ballet company who are not soloists. They perform as a group (the Flowers in the "Waltz of the Flowers" from The Nutcracker, for example) and at other times as a backdrop for the soloists (the peasants in the mad scene from Giselle).
Befotaka

Befotaka is a town in Atsimo-Atsinanana Region in south-eastern Madagascar. It is near the Itomampy river.
Epistle to Philemon

The Epistle to Philemon is the fifty-seventh book in the Christian Bible, and the eighteenth in the New Testament. Almost everyone agrees that letter was written by the Saint Paul to Philemon. It is the shortest of Paul's letters, consisting of only 335 words in the Greek text.
Why Paul wrote the letter
Paul wrote this letter on behalf of Onesimus, who may have been a runaway slave who had wronged his owner Philemon. We don't know what Onesimus had done, but perhaps he ran away after stealing money. Paul says in verse 18 that if Onesimus owes anything, Philemon should charge it to Paul's account. It is thought that Philemon lived in Colossae; in the letter to the Colossians, Onesimus (the slave who fled from Philemon) and Archippus (whom Paul greets in the letter to Philemon) are said to be members of the church there.
Paul says that Onesimus has been very helpful to him while he was in prison in Rome. He would like for Philemon to free him and send him back to Rome. Paul says that Philemon should receive him not as a slave but as a brother. Paul did not seem to think that Onesimus should be punished, even though Roman law allowed the owner of a runaway slave to punish or even kill them.
Importance
Some see this letter as a step towards thinking of slaves as fully human. Before Paul, Ruden argues, a slave was considered subhuman, and entitled to no more consideration than an animal. Others think that Paul and the early Christians should have done more to combat the evil of slavery. In history, some Christians used the book to justify slavery. Pope Benedict XVI refers to this letter in the Encyclic, Spe salvi, to tell of the power of Christianity to improve society. He says that Christianity was very important to the large decrease of slavery during the Middle Ages and after.
Sushil Kumar Modi

Sushil Kumar Modi (born 5 January 1952) is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party who is serving as Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar since 27 July 2017. Previously he was Deputy CM along with Finance Minister of Bihar from 2005 to 2013. He is a lifelong member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. He was appointed the Chairman of the Empowered Committee of State Finance Ministers for the Implementation of Goods and Service Tax in July 2011.
Early life
Sushil Modi was born on 5 January 1952 in a Marwari (Vaishya Bania) family. His father was Moti Lal Modi and his mother was Ratna Devi. He has done BSc from B N College, Patna. He graduated Patna Science College and did Botany Hons in 1973. Later he left MSc Botany Course in Patna University, to join social movement started by Jai Prakash Narayan.
Political career
In 1990, he joined active politics and successfully contested from Patna Central Assembly (now known as Kumhrar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)). He was re-elected in 1995 & 2000. In 1990, he was made the Chief Whip of the BJP Bihar Legislature Party. From 1996 till 2004 he was the Leader of Opposition in the State Assembly. He filed the Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Patna High Court against Lalu Prasad Yadav, which was later known as Fodder Scam. He became a member of Lok Sabha in 2004 representing the constituency of Bhagalpur.
He was the Minister for Parliamentary Affairs in a short lived Nitish Kumar government in 2000. He supported the formation of the State of Jharkhand.
In 2005 Bihar election, NDA came to power and Modi was elected the leader of Bihar BJP Legislature Party. He subsequently resigned from the Lok Sabha and took over as the Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar. He was given the Finance Portfolio along with a number of other departments. After NDA victory in 2010 Bihar elections, he continued to be the Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar. Modi did not contest the 2005 and 2010 Bihar Assembly elections to be able to campaign for BJP.
In 2017, Sushil Modi was the main player behind the fall of the JDU-RJD Grand Alliance government in Bihar, with his continuous tirade against RJD chief Lalu Prasad and his family for four months over his alleged benami properties and irregular financial transactions.
Triathlon

A triathlon is a sport that consists of three different events one after another without resting in between. Usually, they are swimming, cycling, and running. Triathlon has been in the Olympic Games since 2000. One of the hardest and most famous triathlons is the Ironman Triathlon, which involves swimming two miles, biking a hundred miles, and then running a marathon.
List of New World monkey species

New World monkeys are all simian primates. They are endemic to South and Central America.
Taxon classification
To learn what a Taxon Classification is, see Taxonomy (biology).
British Motor Corporation

In September 1965, BMC took control of its major suppliers (of bodies), Pressed Steel, acquiring Jaguar's body supplier in the process.
In September 1966, BMC merged with Jaguar Cars Limited.
On 14 December 1966, BMC changed its name to British Motor Holdings Limited or BMH.
BMH merged in May 1968 with Leyland Motor Corporation Limited, which made trucks and buses and were owners of Standard-Triumph International Limited, BMH becoming the major part of British Leyland Motor Corporation.
The Globe Sessions

The Globe Sessions is the third studio album by Sheryl Crow and was released on 21 September, 1998 through A&M Records. It went to number 2 in the United Kingdom, number 3 in Scotland and Canada, number 4 in Germany, number 5 in Switzerland and the United States, number 9 in Sweden, number 10 in Belgium and Norway, number 16 in New Zealand, number 18 in France, number 19 in Austria and number 52 in Australia. It won 2 Grammy Awards in 1999.
Giessen

Giessen or Giessen is a city in the German state of Hesse.
It is north of Frankfurt. Giessen has about
73,000 inhabitants. The university of Giessen has about 20,000 students.
The German word "Giessen" means "to pour" in English, as "to pour a glass of water." The city is on the banks of the Lahn River, and it is surrounded by many lakes and streams.
People from Giessen
Justus von Liebig (1803-1873), Chemist, Professor. The official name of the University of Giessen is named Justus Liebig University.
Fritz Heichelheim
Demis Nikolaidis
Martin Gindler, an important piano player. Has lived in North Carolina but currently resides in the Netherlands.
Samuel Adler, a well known rabbi in the United States, attended the University of Giessen[1]
Wilhelm Liebknecht, founder of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, was born on 29 March 1826 in Giessen.
Friedrich Kellner (1885-1970) was Chief Justice Inspector of Laubach, where he wrote the Friedrich Kellner Diary. He was also Chief Regional Auditor in Giessen. The University of Giessen has established the Kellner Project.
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen was professor of physics from 1879 until 1888 at the university of Giessen. After his death in 1923 his body was buried at the "Alte Friedhof".
The Flintstones: On the Rocks

The Flinstones On The Rocks is an American animated made-for-television comedy movie which aired on Cartoon Network from November 3, 2001. It was directed by Genndy Tartakovsky and David P. Smith and written by Dane Boedigheimer the also Annoying Orange
Elvira, Iowa

Elvira is an unincorporated community of Iowa in the United States. It is in Clinton County.
Birgitta Rasmusson

Kerstin Birgitta Rasmusson, (4 September 1939 - 5 March 2021) was a Swedish television personality, baker and author. Between 2012 and 2019, she was a judge on Hela Sverige bakar, which was broadcast on TV4. She reprised the role for its celebrity version. Rasmusson was born in Ljungskile, Sweden.
Rasmusson died on 5 March 2021 in Stockholm, at the age of 81.
Hasle bei Burgdorf

Hasle bei Burgdorf is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Cookbook

A cookbook, or cookery book, is kind of book that tells people how to prepare food for eating using specific instructions called a recipe. Most cookbooks also have tips on how to eat and present the food as well. They usually list the ingredients needed, time needed to cook, and the instructions. They may give other tips too.
Henham

Henham is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1161 people living in Henham.
Mariko Okada

is a Japanese actress. She appeared in Mikio Naruse's Floating Clouds (1955) and Nagareru (1956). She also appeared in Shinji Aoyama's My God, My God, Why Hast Thou Forsaken Me? (2005).
She is married to director Yoshishige Yoshida.
Anton Graff

Anton Graff (18 November 1736 - 22 June 1813) was a Swiss painter, of the period called Classicism. He mostly did portrait painting. He was among the most important painters of his time.
Williams Martínez

Williams Martinez (18 December 1982 - 17 July 2021) was a Uruguayan professional footballer who played as a defender. He made his Uruguayan debut in the 2003 Lunar New Year Cup.
Martinez died on July 17, 2021 of suicide, aged 38. At the time of his death, he was playing for Villa Teresa.
Karen languages

The Karen languages are tonal languages spoken by the Karen people, who live in Myanmar (Burma) and Thailand. They are part of the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
Kate Lehrer

Kate Lehrer (born Kate Tom Staples; December 17, 1939) is an American writer, novelist and book reviewer. She was a panelist on the Diane Rehm Book Club on National Public Radio.
She is the widow of writer and journalist Jim Lehrer.
Ralph Eggleston

Ralph Eggleston (October 18, 1965 - August 28, 2022) was an American animator, art director, storyboard artist, writer, movie director, and production designer. He worked at Pixar Animation Studios. He wrote and directed the Oscar-winning Pixar short movie For the Birds.
Eggleston died on August 28, 2022, at his San Rafael, California, home, from pancreatic cancer at the age of 56.
Kamuta Latasi

Sir Kamuta Latasi (born September 4, 1936) is a Tuvaluan politician. He was elected to the Parliament of Tuvalu in 1992. Latasi was the 4th Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 1993 until 1996. He was the Speaker of parliament from 2006 to September 2010 and again from December 2010 to March 2014.
Cleveland, Tennessee

Cleveland is a city in Tennessee in the United States. It is the county seat of Bradley County.
The Wicker Man

A wicker man is a wicker effigy used in human sacrifice
It may refer to:
The Wicker Man (1973 movie), British movie starring Edward Woodward
The Wicker Man (2006 movie), American movie starring Nicolas Cage, remake of the above
Roberto Mussi

Roberto Mussi (born 25 August, 1963) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Planck (spacecraft)

Planck was a space observatory operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) from 2009 to 2013.
It mapped the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at microwave and infra-red frequencies, with high sensitivity and small angular resolution.
The mission improved on observations made by the NASA Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). Planck provided a major source of information about cosmology and astrophysics. It tested theories of the early Universe and the origin of cosmic structure.
Since the end of its mission, Planck has made the most precise measurements of several key numbers. These include the average density of ordinary matter and dark matter in the Universe, and the age of the universe. Planck is now switched off.
History of video game consoles (third generation)

The third generation of video game consoles began on July 15, 1983. The third generation began with the release of the Nintendo Family Computer, or better known as the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and Sega SG-1000. This generation helped end the North American video crash of 1983. This resulted in a shift from the United States to Japan as the leading country for home video games. In the third generation the displays changed from single-screen (or flip-screen) graphics to scrolling graphics.
The best-selling console of this generation was the NES/Famicom. This was followed by the Sega Master System and the Atari 7800. The NES/Famicom system remained the best-selling home console until the PlayStation in 1996. Some of the consoles in the third generation used 8-bit processors. However, systems like the Mega Drive/Genesis used 16-bit processors. The NES/Famicom system was the most popular video game console in the United States. Jack Ivan Booth was the founder of the Atari 7800. Due to inflation of the USD $ this is worth a lot more now.
Home systems
Comparison
Sales comparison
Sales comparison
Handheld systems
Nintendo's Game & Watch was very popular in the third generation. It continued to do so until 1991, when it was discontinued.
Popular games
Super Mario Bros.
Scrapie

Scrapie is a fatal disease that affects the nervous system of sheep and goats. It is similar to Mad cow disease which affects cattle. Scrapie was first described in 1732. Much like with mad cow disease, prions seem to be involved in transmitting it.
Naoki Yamada

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Yamada was born in Saitama on July 4, 1990. He joined J1 League club Urawa Reds from their youth team in 2008. Although he played many matches until 2011, he could hardly play in the match from 2012. In 2015, he moved to Shonan Bellmare on loan. He played many matches for Shonan. However Shonan was relegated to J2 League end of the 2016 season. In 2017, Shonan won the champions and was returned to J1 from 2018 in a year. In 2018, he returned to Urawa Reds. However there were few opportunities to play and he moved to Shonan Bellmare again in July 2019.
In August 2007, Yamada was selected Japan U-17 national team for 2007 U-17 World Cup. He wore the "number 10" shirt for Japan and played full time in all 3 matches. On May 27, 2009, he debuted for the Japan national team against Chile. He played 2 games for Japan until 2010.
Ciwan Haco

Ciwan Haco (born 1957) is a Kurdish singer. He was born near Qamishlo in Syria. After finishing high school, he left for Germany in order to continue his studies. He studied music at the University of Bochum for three years. After university, he started his career as a singer. He combined Kurdish folk music with western style pop music, rock, blues, and jazz. He has released 14 albums. He become well known on the Kurdish music scene after he sang for more than 200.000 people in Batman, south Turkey, in 2003. Haco lives in Sweden with his wife. He has two children, Lorin, 7, and Rosa, 5.
The Last Warrior (2000 movie)

The Last Warrior is a 2000 Israeli American science fiction action movie directed by Sheldon Lettich and starring Dolph Lundgren, Juliano Mer, Sherri Alexander, Ze'ev Revach, Chanan Elias, Rebecca Cross.
Oceania Football Confederation

The Oceania Football Confederation, often referred to as just OFC , is the organization that controls Oceania football (soccer).
New Zealand is the OFC's biggest federation.
António Francisco dos Santos

Antonio Francisco dos Santos (21 February 1948 - 11 September 2017) was a Roman Catholic bishop.
He was ordain to the priesthood in 1972, dos served as auxiliary bishop of the Archbishop of Braga, Portugal, from 2004 to 2006. He then served as bishop of the Diocese of Aviero from 2006 to 2014 and as bishop of the Diocese of Porto from 2014 until his death.
Warcraft II: Beyond the Dark Portal

Warcraft II: Beyond the Dark Portal is an expansion pack developed by Cyberlore Studios, released in 1996 by Blizzard Entertainment for their award winning real-time strategy computer game Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness. As with most computer game expansion packs, Beyond the Dark Portal requires a full version of the original game to run.
Chris Cornell

Chris Cornell (Christopher John Boyle; July 20, 1964 - May 17, 2017) was an American singer. He is best known as the singer in the grunge band Soundgarden.
He started the band in 1984 with lead guitarist Kim Thayil, and bassist Hiro Yamamoto. Cornell is regarded as one of the greatest vocalists in rock history.
He released his debut album in September 1999, Euphoria Morning. Later, in 2001, he began the supergroup Audioslave with the former members of Rage Against the Machine. Cornell recorded three albums as Audioslave's singer until the band's breakup in early 2007. His second solo album Carry On was released to mixed commercial success in June 2007.
Cornell was also a co-singer singer in a band, Temple of the Dog, with Eddie Vedder, that was formed as a tribute to a musician, Andrew Wood, who had died.
Cornell was found dead at his Detroit, Michigan hotel room shortly after performing at a concert on May 17, 2017 at the age of 52. The cause of death was determined to be suicide by hanging.
Personal life
Cornell was born in Seattle to Ed Boyle and Karen Cornell. He is of English, French, German, Irish, Manx, Northern Irish, Norwegian, Scottish, Swiss, and Welsh. Cornell was first married to Susan Silver, the manager of Alice in Chains and Soundgarden. They had a daughter, Lillian Jean, in June 2000. He and Silver divorced in 2004. In December 2008, Cornell said that he had finally won back his collection of 15 guitars after a four-year court battle with Silver.
He then married Vicky Karayiannis. She is an American publicist of Greek heritage. She gave birth to his second daughter, Toni, in September 2004, and his third child, Christopher Nicholas, in December 2005. Cornell converted to the Greek Orthodox Church because of her faith in the church.
Great Valley, New York

Great Valley is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,974 at the 2010 census.
Ulysses (1954 movie)

Ulysses is a 1954 3-D Italian adventure movie. It is based on Homer's poem The Odyssey, and tells of Odysseus's attempts to return home to Ithaca after the Trojan War. Silvana Mangano plays two roles, as Penelope, the faithful wife of Ulysses and the sorceress, Circe. Kirk Douglas stars the Greek hero, Ulysses. Anthony Quinn plays Antinous.
Ploaghe

Ploaghe (Piaghe) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 4,538 people lived there. Its area is 96.27 km2. It is 427 meters above sea level.
Avon (county)

Avon was a county that existed from 1 April 1974 until 31 March 1996. It was in South West England. It was not popular, and was broken up between parts of Somerset, Bristol and Gloucestershire.
Alain Berbérian

Alain Berberian (; July 2, 1953 - August 22, 2017) was a French movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Beirut, Lebanon. He was known for directing La Cite de la peur, Le Boulet, and The Corsican File. He was also known writing the screenplay of Paparazzi.
Berberian died on August 22, 2017 at the age of 63.
Thespesius

Thespesius, or Thespecius, is an extinct hadrosaur described by Joseph Leidy in 1876.
History of Thespesius
Thespecius was discovered in Montana in 1855. Known fossils include vertebrae and toe bones (phalanx).
The name Thespesius means wondrous one. Leidy avoided using the suffix "saurus" in the genus name because Vandiveer Hayden had claimed the bones came from a layer from the Miocene so there was a chance that the animal would turn out to be a mammal, though Leidy himself was convinced it was a dinosaurian. Thespesius turned out to be a dinosaur. The specific name occidentalis means "western" in Latin.
Leila Janah

Leila Janah (October 9, 1982 - January 24, 2020) was an American businesswoman. She was the Founder and CEO of Samasource and LXMI. She was also the author of Give Work: Reversing Poverty One Job at a Time and co-author of America's Moment: Creating Opportunity in the Connected Age. Janah was born in Lewiston, New York.
Janah died on January 24, 2020 in San Francisco, California from a rare-form of soft-tissue sarcoma, aged 37.
Balocco

Balocco is a comune in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region of Piedmont. It is the home of the Circuito di Balocco road-testing track.
Audio crossover

Audio crossover is an electric circuit that separates low and high audio frequencies in a signal. It is needed because very small loudspeakers (tweeters) would break if fed by low frequencies. Likewise, bigger speakers (subwoofers) are not able to play higher frequencies purely.
Audio crossovers are divided to passive or active crossovers. Typical components used with passive crossovers are capacitors inductors and resistors. If passive crossover uses resistors to adjust loudness, those generate heat. Instead, active devices typically use resistors and capacitors with other audioelectronic components and those typically don't consume so much electric power. Also, active crossovers are easily built to be adjustable. Still, that doesn't mean that using passive crossover means low quality.
Max Rockatansky

"Mad" Max Rockatansky is a fictional character appearing in the Mad Max movies. He is played by Mel Gibson and by Tom Hardy.
Movie characters
Т-34

The T-34 was a Soviet tank introduced in 1940, famously deployed to the Red Army during World War II against Operation Barbarossa.
Design
Overview
The T-34 has good armor, a fairly powerful engine and wide tracks. The initial version of the T-34 had a powerful 76.2mm L-11 gun, and was often called the T-34-76. In 1944, a second version began production, the T-34-85, with a larger and more powerful 85mm ZIS-S-53 cannon to deal with newer German tanks.
Sources
Those mentioned
Bibliography
Zaloga, Steven J., James Grandsen (1983). T-34 in Action, Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal. .
Brocton, Illinois

Brocton is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo

Upper Takutu-Upper Esequibo (Region 9) is a region of Esequiban Guyana, a territory in dispute by Guyana and Venezuela. Venezuela claims the territory as part of Bolivar state. The regional capital is Lethem.
The region is in the southwest of the country. It has an area of 57,750 km2. As of the 2012 census, 24,212 people lived there. It borders the region of Potaro-Siparuni to the north, the region of East Berbice-Corentyne to the east and Brazil to the south and west. It is also the largest region of Guyana.
Mingo, Iowa

Mingo is a city in Iowa in the United States. In 2010, 302 people lived there.
History
The first map of Mingo was created in 1884. It is named after another city in Ohio named Mingo. The city was first made for coal mining.
Batha (region)

Batha is a region of Chad. The capital of the region is Ati.
The region of Batha is divided into three departments: Batha Est, Batha Ouest and Fitri.
Afro-Jamaicans

Afro-Jamaicans are Jamaicans of predominantly or majority Sub-Saharan African descent. They presently represent the largest ethnic group in the country.
Rynagh O'Grady

Rynagh O'Grady (1954 - 8 February 2021) was an Irish actress. She was born in Dublin. She was known for her roles of Mary O'Leary in the Channel 4 sitcom Father Ted and Minnie Kennedy in the 1999 movie A Love Divided.
O'Grady died on 8 February 2021 in Dublin, at the age of 66.
The Theory of Moral Sentiments

The Theory of Moral Sentiments is a 1759 book by Adam Smith. It is the ethical, philosophical, psychological, and methodological ideas of Smith's works, including The Wealth of Nations (1776), Essays on Philosophical Subjects (1795), and Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue, and Arms (1763) (first published in 1896).
Blackburn B-103

Blackburn B-103 Buccaneer was made for the Royal Navy, the naval part of the United Kingdom's armed forces. It was also by the Royal Air Force starting in 1968. That was the first airplane with some technical innovations like a system for increased buoyancy, a split rudder (which widens to be an air brake), and rotating magazine for nuclear or conventional weapons. After tests, this plane was selected and put in use by Royal Navy in 1962. This aircraft was retired in 1994. It was used in the 1991 Gulf War.
Timothy Goebel

Timothy Goebel (born September 10, 1980 in Evanston, Illinois) is an American figure skater. He is Catholic and was adopted as an infant.
Goebel is the first skater to perform a quadruple salchow jump and the first American skater to perform a quadruple jump of any kind. Goebel is also the first skater to perform three quadruple jumps in one program. At the 2002 Olympics, he became the first skater to land a quadruple salchow jump in combination at the Olympics. He is the first and so far only skater to land 6 quadruple jumps in one competition.
He has landed 76 career quadruple jumps, the most of any skater.
Because of these things, he was nicknamed the Quad King. However, after the 2003-2004, Goebel began having problems with the quad. He did not land it correctly at all in the 2005-2006 season.
Goebel won the bronze medal at the 2002 Olympics. It was a close call for the silver between him and World Champion Evgeni Plushenko. That would happen again at the 2003 World Championships where Plushenko beat Goebel out for the gold.
Goebel dealt with injuries in later seasons. An injury forced him to not finish competing at the 2004 Nationals and give up on the rest of the season. At the 2005 Nationals, the mother of Angela Nikodinov, a good friend of Goebel, died in a car crash. Goebel spent much of time at that competition in mourning. With Nikodinov watching, Goebel started crying partly through his free skate. He finished the performance in tears. He placed 2nd.
Goebel was not able to qualify for the 2006 Olympic team. He retired from competitive skating after the 2006 Nationals. In May 2010, he graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Columbia University's School of General Studies. He works as a technical specialist, the person who watches a skating program and tells the judges what each move was and how difficult it was.
During his career, Goebel was known mainly as a "jumping bean", a skater whose skating is mostly jumps. But Goebel worked hard to change this. His free skate in the 2002 season was the best of his career and led Goebel to a different kind of artistry.
Goebel was also known for his hydroblading maneuvers. He was one of the skaters who popularized this move in the United States.
Shuta Takahashi

Shuta Takahashi (born 27 July 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Aries Tokyo.
Neustadt an der Donau

Neustadt an der Donau is a town in Lower Bavaria on the Danube in Bavaria, Germany. Placed on the western border of Kelheim, Neustadt is firstly known for the thermal spa Bad Gogging. Neustadt had a population of 12,753 as of December 31, 2003.
Geography
The city is halfway between Ingolstadt and Regensburg, on an about wide gravel plain of the Danube valley, which at this point is south of the wooded foothills of the tertiary Donau-Isar hill country of the Hallertau and surrounded on the north by the limestone slope of the southern Franconian Alb. The rivers Ilm and Abens flow into the Danube in the city.
The township has 22 districts Arresting, Bad Gogging, Deisenhofen, Eining, Geibenstetten, Haderfleck, Heiligenstadt, Hienheim, Irnsing, Irnsing-Steinbruch, Karpfenstein, Lina, Marching, Mauern, Mulhouse, Niederulrain, Oberulrain, Schwaig, Sittling, Umbertshausen and Wohr .
The area heavily dominated by agriculture; asparagus and in particular hops play a special role.
Surrounding communities of Neustadt are Abensberg, Altmannstein, Biburg, Kelheim, Mindelstetten, Munchsmunster, Pforring and Siegenburg.
Ancient slaughterhouses of Casablanca

The ancient slaughterhouses of Casablanca were constructed under the French protectorate in Morocco in 1912 in the neighbourhood of Hay Mohammadi in Casablanca.
History
The ancient slaughterhouses of Casablanca were constructed by architect George-Ernest Desmarest in 1912 and modernist in 1922 by Henri Prost.
They were expanded in 1951, then closed in 2002, substituted by new slaughterhouses in the periphery of Casablanca, they were inscribed in 2003 on The List of Historical Monuments and inscribed buildings.
Manual

Manual may refer to:
User guide
Manual labour (Work)
Manual transmission (Vehicles)
Abiola Ajimobi

Isiaka Abiola Ajimobi (16 December 1949 - 25 June 2020) was a Nigerian politician from Oyo State. He was elected in 2003 as a Senator of the Republic of Nigeria representing Oyo South Senatorial District on the platform of the Alliance for Democracy (AD). After one term in the senate, he contested in 2007 the governorship of Oyo state under the banner of the All Nigeria People's Party, a bid which he lost. He was also an oil businessman.
He died from COVID-19 on 25 June 2020, aged 70.
Lower Burrell, Pennsylvania

Lower Burrell is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 11,761.
Chocobo

Chocobos are fictional creatures featured in the game series called Final Fantasy. They look like giant, ostrish-like yellow birds.
They first appeared in Final Fantasy 2 and were used in most Final Fantasy sequels after that. They can be used to travel around the game, or play mini-games.The origin of Chocobo is 'Kyoro-chan'.Chocobo likes 'Vegetable of Gizarle'. They have special smell.
Types
Chocobos - The normal type of chocobos. It can run fast on ground.
Black Chocobos - The chcobos with black hair. It can fly in the sky.
White Chocobos - The chcobos with white hair. In Final Fantasy 4, it recovers MP. And in Final Fantasy 5, it fights with other characters.
Fat Chocobos - It can keeps items in their stomach.
Obstruction of justice

Obstruction of justice is a crime. It can be lying to police about a crime or hiding evidence. Destroying evidence of a crime can also be obstruction of justice.
Saint Mark Parish, Dominica

Saint Mark is one of Dominica's ten administrative parishes. The main settlements in the parish are Soufriere and Scotts Head. Another village in the parish is Galion.
Bill Phipps

William Frederick Allen Phipps (May 4, 1942 - March 4, 2022) was a Canadian ordained minister of the United Church of Canada, lawyer, politician and social activist. He was the 36th Moderator of the United Church of Canada from 1997 to 2000. He became controversial in the church after showing support for gay ordination and not believing in a physical Resurrection of Jesus. Phipps was born in Toronto, Ontario.
In 2002, Phipps was the New Democratic Party candidate in the Calgary Southwest by-election running against future Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper. Phipps came in second with just over 20 per cent of the vote.
Phipps died on March 4, 2022 in Calgary, Alberta at the age of 79.
Dirk Bootsma

Dirk Bootsma (23 May 1936 - 5 October 2020) was a Dutch geneticist. He was a professor at the Erasmus University Rotterdam between 1969 and 2002. He and his research group discovered the cause of chronic myelogenous leukemia and pushed for the understanding of the nucleotide excision repair.
Bootsma was elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization in 1976. He was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1983. Bootsma was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1991.
Oval butterflyfish

The oval butterflyfish (Chaetodon lunulatus), is a species of marine ray-finned fish. It is found in the Pacific Ocean from Eastern Indonesia to the Hawaiian islands.
Relation with other species
This is one species of a closely related group which includes the Blacktail butterflyfish, which is found in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. It is also related to the Melon butterflyfish, which is found in the Indian Ocean.
Other names
This fish is also known as the red-finned butterflyfish or redfin butterflyfish.
Westland Sea King

Westland Sea King is a British helicopter built by Westland. It is a licence-built version of the American SH-3 Sea King. Transport duty versions are known as Westland Commando.
Utility
Westland Sea King is used for finding and destroying submarines, search and rescue, VIP air transport, utility, electronic warfare, and special forces support.
Users
In 2013 Westland Sea King is (or was) in service in Australia, Belgium, Egypt, Germany, India, Norway, Pakistan, Qatar, UK. In the UK, the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy used this helicopter.
Bibliography
Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et helicopteres militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Lariviere editions, 1999. .