kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Seneca the Elder

Seneca the Elder ( Lucius or Marcus Annaeus Seneca, born about 54BC, died about 39AD) was a Roman rhetorician and writer. His main work is Controversiae. Controversiea is a ten volume work. In it, he treats 74 cases that are commonly seen by rhetoricians. His other main work is Suasoriae (Councils). In it, he shows seven examples of how to respond in common cases.
Nagamaki

Nagamaki is a Japanese pole weapon with a large and heavy blade. It is very much like a glaive. It was introduced and used primarily during the Kamakura (1192 - 1333), Nanbokucho (1334 - 1392) and early Muromachi (1392 - 1573) periods. It was a long sword with 2-4 foot blade and a handle with 2-3 foot length. The blade was single-edged. It was also sharpened along the back edge to reduce its weight. It looks similar to a traditional naginata, but the main difference was that the handle (tsuka) of the nagamaki was not constructed of wood; it was made more like a katana handle. Even the name "nagamaki" is given by the tradition of handle wrapping. The word "nagamaki" means "long wrapping". The nagamaki handle was wrapped with cords in criss-crossed manner, very similar to the wrapping that is made on katana. The nagamaki is considered to be a type of the no-dachi sword. This one was a variation of long samurai sword.
The way to hold nagamaki was also very specific. It was held with the two hands in a fixed position in the same way a katana sword is held. Unlike the naginata, the hands did not change when handling the weapon and the right hand was always the closest to the blade. While handling nagamaki not too many sliding actions on the handle were performed as it was in naginata's case, where you use the entire length of the shaft. The nagamaki was not spread and developed until much later like the naginata sword. During the middle of the Muromachi period (1336-1600 A.D.) it reached its peak of usage.
The nagamaki is designed for large sweeping and slicing strokes. It also works as a spear. Traditionally, it was used as an infantry weapon. Warriors used the weapon against horsemen. Still, it required more time and materials to create a nagamaki than a spears or a naginata sword, this is why it was not so widely spread.
The closest exemplar of real nagamaki you can see today is nagamaki-naoshi. It appears to be like a long katana-shaped glaive but straighter and thinner, with a very long handle. In contrast to it naginata is shorter, wider and more curved to the tip.
Cheddar, Somerset

Cheddar is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England. It is on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills. In 2011, 5,755 people lived there.
Leopoldo Brizuela

Leopoldo Brizuela (8 June 1963 - 14 May 2019) was an Argentine journalist, writer, poet and translator. He was born in La Plata, Argentina. In 1977, he began publishing his works with the Argentine magazine Oeste. His best known work was One night. He studied at the University of Cambridge under the International Writing Program.
He won many literary awards, including the 2012 Premio Alfaguara. As a translator, he translated the works of American writers such as Henry James, Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty. Brizuela was openly gay.
Brizuela died on 14 May 2019 in Buenos Aires from leukemia at the age of 55.
Ryo Kawasaki

was a Japanese jazz fusion guitarist, composer, software programmer and bandleader. He was born in Tokyo.
Kawasaki was best known as one of the first musicians to create the fusion genre and for helping to develop the guitar synthesizer. His album Ryo Kawasaki and the Golden Dragon Live was one of the first all digital recordings and he created the Kawasaki Synthesizer for the Commodore 64.
During the 1960s, he played with many Japanese jazz groups and also formed his own bands. In the early 1970s, he moved to New York City, where he worked with Gil Evans, Elvin Jones, Chico Hamilton, Ted Curson and Joanne Brackeen.
He also produced several techno dance singles, formed his own record company called Satellites Records, and later returned to jazz-fusion in 1991. His later career was set in Estonia.
Kawasaki died in Tallinn on April 13, 2020 at the age of 73.
Lila & Eve

Lila & Eve is an American drama movie. It was directed by Charles Stone III. It was written by Pat Gilfillan. The movie stars Jennifer Lopez and Viola Davis.
Plot
After her son was killed, Lila joins a support group. Lila meets Eve. She finds out that Eve's daughter died. The police is not helping Lila enough. Eve tells Lila to find the killers herself.
Flag of Nevada

The flag of the state of Nevada is a blue field. The upper left corner has two green sagebrush branches around a silver star with the text "Nevada" and "Battle Born".
June 30

It is the last day of the first half of the year.
Marc Ceccarelli

Marc Scott Ceccarelli (born January 4, 1968) is an American animator, director, producer, and writer. He won the 2018 British Academy Children's Awards in International Animation and the 2018 Daytime Emmy Award in Outstanding Children's Animated Series for his work on Nickelodeon's SpongeBob SquarePants.
Takumi Watanabe

is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as an Association football or soccer player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="6"|Kawasaki Frontale||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||14||1||2||0||2||1||18||2
|-
|2002||14||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|2003||40||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||43||0
|-
|2004||24||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|-
|2005||J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="4"|Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||39||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||41||1
|-
|2007||31||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||32||2
|-
|2008||22||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||23||2
|-
|2009||J. League 1||16||0||0||0||5||0||21||0
|-
|2010||rowspan="2"|Roasso Kumamoto||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||||||||||||||||
|-
|2011|||||||||||||||||
|-
|2012||Matsumoto Yamaga|||||||||||||||
201||5||15||1||7||1||223||7
201||5||15||1||7||1||223||7
|}
Edward Shames

Colonel Edward Shames (June 13, 1922 - December 3, 2021) was a United States Army enlisted man and officer. He later served in the U.S. Army Reserve.
During World War II he was assigned to the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. Shames is the last surviving officer of Easy Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment.
Shames died on December 3, 2021 in Norfolk, Virginia at the age of 99.
The Middle of the World (1974 movie)

The Middle of the World () is a 1974 Swiss French romance movie directed by Alain Tanner. It stars Olimpia Carlisi and Juliet Berto.
Ennevelin

Ennevelin is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 2,236 people lived there.
Bättwil

Battwil is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
Beryl

Beryl is a cyclosilicate, and is the second main ore of beryllium metal. It is sometimes found as very, very large crystals, as much as 18 m. (59 ft.) long. Colored clear beryl is often used for jewelry, including emerald (green), aquamarine (bluegreen), bixbite (red), morganite (pink), and heliodor (golden).
Bradley Land

Bradley Land is the name of a landmass Frederick Cook claimed to have seen during a expedition in 1909. He said, the land between positions () and (). He described it as two masses of land with a break, a strait, or an indentation between. The land was named for John R. Bradley, who had sponsored Cook's expedition.
Cook published two photographs of the land and described it as follows: "The lower coast resembled Heiberg Island, with mountains and high valleys. The upper coast I estimated as being about one thousand feet high, flat, and covered with a thin sheet ice."
It is now known there is no land at that location. Cook's observations were based on either a misidentification of sea ice or an outright fabrication. Cook's Inuit companions reported that the photographs were actually taken near the coast of Axel Heiberg Island.
Lidia Menapace

Lidia Menapace (born Brisca, 3 April 1924 - 7 December 2020) was an Italian resistance fighter and politician. She was a member of the Senate from 2006 to 2008. She was a member of the Communist Refoundation Party.
Menapace died on 7 December 2020 in Bolzano, Italy from COVID-19, aged 96.
Ñ

N is a Latin-script letter used in some languages. The little bit on top is called a tilde. It is used, for example, in Spanish.
Spanish
In Spanish, N represents the IPA sound /n/, which approximately sounds like ny, some examples of usage are pinata (pinyata), jalapeno (jalapenyo), and espanol (espanyol).
Jules and Gedeon Naudet

Jules Clement Naudet (born Paris, France, April 26, 1973) and Thomas Gedeon Naudet (born Paris, France, March 27, 1970) are French directors, screenwriters and producers. The brothers, residents of the United States since 1989, were in New York City at the time of the September 11 attacks. Jules captured footage of the first plane flying into the North tower of the World Trade Center. Jules is married to Jacqueline Longa, with two children.
The brothers graduated from Tisch School of the Arts in 1995. Their first film, "Hope, Gloves and Redemption," (2000) on boxers in the Bronx, included coverage of the 1998 New York Daily News Golden Gloves tournament.
Ruins of Saint Paul's

The Ruins of Saint Paul's (; ) are the ruins of a 17th-century Catholic religious building in Santo Antonio, Macau, China. In 2005, it was listed as part of the Historic Centre of Macau, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
History
The church was built in 1565 by the Jesuits. Most of the church was built using mud and wooden materials except for the front facade.
In 1595, the church was damaged by fire, it was quickly rebuilt and it was repaired in 1602. At that time, it was the largest Catholic Church in Eastern Asia. In 1762, the Jesuits were forced to abandon the church because of persecution. In 1835, between 6:00 p.m. and 8:15 p.m., a large violent fire destroyed the church, only the front of the church survived, the church has never been rebuilt again.
Martha Jefferson Randolph

Martha Washington Jefferson Randolph (September 27, 1772 - October 10, 1836) was the daughter of Thomas Jefferson and his wife Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States. Because her father was a widower, Martha Washington Jefferson Randolph acted as the First Lady of the United States from March 4, 1801 to March 3, 1809.
Martha was born in Monticello, near Charlottesville, Virginia. She was named Martha Washington in honor of Martha Washington, the wife of the first President of the United States, George Washington. She was educated in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Paris.
In 1790, Martha married Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. They had twelve children. Shortly before her death, she and her husband developed differences. She died in 1836 in Albemarle County, Virginia at the age of 64.
Compton, California

Compton is a city in Los Angeles County, California. It is southeast of Los Angeles, and is on the west side of the Los Angeles River. One stream that flows through it is called Compton Creek. The city's total land area is 10.2 square miles (26.4 square kilometers).
The city, incorporated in 1888, now has a population of 95,740 (as of 2020). The city was known for having one of the highest crime rates in the United States.
Compton has been experiencing gentrification. Compton now has a large Latino and Mexican population.
Kenneth Welsh

Kenneth Welsh, CM (March 30, 1942 - May 5, 2022) was a Canadian-American movie and television actor (sometimes credited as Ken Welsh). He was known for his roles in Twin Peaks and in The Aviator. He also appeared in The Day Reagan Was Shot and in The Day After Tomorrow.
Welsh died on May 5, 2022 in Toronto, Ontario from cancer at the age of 80.
Crypsis

Crypsis is a word in ecology which means "hiding". It refers to the ways animals avoid being seen, or otherwise detected. It also includes the situation when an animal is noticed, but is not recognised for what it is. It may be either a defence against predators, or a device for predators to get near prey.
Methods include camouflage, nocturnality (night-time activity), subterranean lifestyle, transparency, and mimicry. The word can also be used about eggs, and about pheromone production. Crypsis can in principle involve visual, olfactory or auditory camouflage.
Hiding is the simplest case of crypsis. The animal moves to a place where it cannot be seen.
Camouflage is the case where an animal can be seen by (for example) a predator, but not recognised.
Mimicry is the case when an animal can be seen, but seems like another animal or plant. Warning colouration is an example.
Emission

Emission is a word that originally comes from Latin. Originally it means something that is sent out. Several things can be sent out:
The most common use talks about emission of toxic gases. Those gases get produced by factories and motors, like motors in cars.
People talk about radio emissions. Those are programmes that people can listen to if they have a radio receiver.
There could be emissions of loud noise, someone might be making loud noises.
There also are emissions of light.
Kirchleerau

Kirchleerau is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Oum El Bouaghi Province

Oum El Bouaghi or Oum el-Bouaghi is a province of Algeria. The capital is Oum el-Bouaghi.
Administrative divisions
The province is divided into 12 districts. There are also 29 communes or municipalities.
Chaumont-Gistoux

Chaumont-Gistoux is a municipality in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant.
In 2007, 11043 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 40 North, 04deg 43 East.
Breny

Breny is a commune. It is in the Picardy region in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Julie Jášová

Julie Jasova Kovarova (born 14 September 1987) is a Czech volleyball player.
She played at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, 2011 Women's European Volleyball Championship, 2012 Women's European Volleyball Championship, and 2015 FIVB World Grand Prix.
She played for VT Aurubis Hamburg. and VK Prostejov.
In 2012, she was best libero of the Women's European Volleyball League.
Luke Cage

Luke Cage (Power Man) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Luke Cage first appeared in Luke Cage, Hero for Hire #1 (June 1972) and was created by Archie Goodwin, George Tuska, Roy Thomas, and John Romita Sr. He was the first black superhero to be featured as the protagonist and title character of a comic book.
Since his debut in the comics, the character has appeared in numerous media, such as in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, where he was portrayed by Mike Colter.
Source
Some text was copied from Luke Cage at Superheroes Wiki, which is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license.
Yasuomi Kugisaki

Yasuomi Kugisaki (Ding Qi Kang Chen ,kugisaki yasuomi,born 3 May 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Honda Lock.
Andrew Vicari

Andrew Vicari (20 April 1938 - 3 October 2016) was a Welsh painter working in France. He painted portraits of the rich and famous. Despite being largely unknown in his own country, in 2004 Vicari was Britain's richest living painter. At one time he was the Britain 18th richest person in Britain.
Vicari was always a figurative artist working in oil. His work was appreciated especially in the Middle East where three museums are solely dedicated to his work.
In 1974 Vicari was appointed as the official painter to the King and Government of Saudi Arabia. In the years which followed he painted many portraits of the Saudi royal family, and scenes of Riyadh and Bedouin life. It is mainly due to this patronage that Vicari owes his financial success. In 2001 he sold a collection of 125 paintings of the First Gulf War to Prince Khaled for PS17 million.
His fortune was valued at PS92 million in 2006 by the Sunday Times Rich List.
Personal life
Vicari lived and worked at his studio outside Nice, France, but he also owned apartments in Riyadh and Monte Carlo.
In October 2014 it was reported Vicari had filed for bankruptcy and had been in poor health.
Vicari died at Morriston Hospital, Swansea on 3 October 2016.
Amelia Vargas

Amelia Graciela Vargas Ipaneca (16 January 1928 - 21 April 2019) was a Cuban actress and dancer. She lived and worked in Argentina. She starred in the comedy movies Arroz con leche (1950), The Phantom of the Operetta (1955) and Cleopatra Was Candida (1964). She was born in Havana.
Vargas died in Buenos Aires on 21 April 2019. She was 91.
Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency)

Orkney and Shetland () is a constituency of the United Kingdom. It is in Scotland and covers the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands.
Natasha Chandel

Natasha Chandel is a Canadian actress and TV producer based in Los Angeles. Natasha is known for starring and directing the web series Mumbai Chopra: Misadventures of an It Girl. She was named leading Protege for creativity by Lancome Mille Femmes.
Career
Natasha was born in Sharjah, UAE. Natasha has worked as a producer for top networks such Maker Studios- Disney Digital Network, CBC, Rogers Television and MTV News. In 2016, she created and began hosting the dating podcast KINDA DATING, which has featured Sunny Leone, Laura Clery and Dr. Wendy Walsh. Natasha has also appeared as a leading actress in several TV series including Mumbai Chopra: Misadventures of an It Girl, The Can, The Mindy Project and M.V.P.
In 2014, she created, wrote and directed a branded web series The Can, which consisted of three episodes.
Sun Jihai

Sun Jihai (born 30 September 1977) is a Chinese football player. He has played for China PR national team.
Chicken soup

Chicken soup is a soup made with chicken. The chicken is simmered in water. Classic chicken soups are made of clear broth. There are usually pieces of chicken and vegetables. There can also be grains, pasta or dumplings.
Chicken soup is thought to be a remedy for colds and influenza. In many countries, it is considered a comfort food.
Cherokee Outlet

The Cherokee Outlet, more often referred to as the Cherokee Strip, was located in what is now the state of Oklahoma, in the United States. It was a sixty-mile (97 km) wide strip of land south of the Oklahoma-Kansas border between the 96th and 100th meridians.
Weber-Fechner law

The Weber-Fechner law is a proposed relationship between the magnitude of a physical stimulus and the intensity or strength that people feel.
The case of weight
In one of his classic experiments, Weber gradually increased the weight that a blindfolded man was holding and asked him to respond when he first felt the increase. Weber found that the response was proportional to a relative increase in the weight. That is to say, if the weight is 1 kg, an increase of a few grams will not be noticed. Rather, when the mass is increased by a certain factor, an increase in weight is perceived. If the mass is doubled, the threshold is also doubled.
The relationship between stimulus and perception is logarithmic. This logarithmic relationship means that if a stimulus varies as a geometric progression (i.e. multiplied by a fixed factor), the corresponding perception is altered in an arithmetic progression (i.e. in additive constant amounts). For example, if a stimulus is tripled in strength (i.e., 3 x 1), the corresponding perception may be two times as strong as its original value (i.e., 1 + 1). If the stimulus is again tripled in strength (i.e., 3 x 3 x 1), the corresponding perception will be three times as strong as its original value (i.e., 1 + 1 + 1). Hence, for multiplications in stimulus strength, the strength of perception only adds.
This logarithmic relationship is valid, not just for the sensation of weight, but for other stimuli and our sensory perceptions as well.
Dumbbell nebula

The Dumbbell nebula (sometimes called Messier 27, M 27, or NGC 6853) is a planetary nebula in the constellation Vulpecula. It is about 1,360 light years away from earth. The Dumbbell nebula was the first planetary nebula to be discovered; by Charles Messier in 1764.
Birchanger

Birchanger is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 987 people living in Birchanger.
Nyoma

Nyoma () is a sub-district of the Leh District in Ladakh, India.
Ketchum, Idaho

Ketchum is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Villars-le-Terroir

Villars-le-Terroir is a municipality in the district Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Bridgit Mendler

Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actor and singer. She was born in Washington, D.C. and moved to Mill Valley, California at age eight. She acted in the movie Alvin and the Chipmunks 2. She played Pamela in Alice Upside Down in 2007, and Kristen Gregory in the movie version of The Clique. She also guest starred in Disney Channel Original Series' JONAS and played Juliet Van Heusen on Wizards of Waverly Place. She plays Teddy Duncan in the Disney Channel Original Series Good Luck Charlie" and she also played Olivia White on Lemonade Mouth.''
The Sleepwalkers (2019 movie)

The Sleepwalkers () is a 2019 Argentine Uruguayan drama movie directed by Paula Hernandez and starring Erica Rivas, Ornella D'Elia, Marilu Marini, Luis Ziembrowski, Daniel Hendler.
Fleury-les-Aubrais

Fleury-les-Aubrais is a commune of the Loiret department in the northern part of France.
Tansei

, also known as Tonsei, is the name of the second Japanese artificial satellite which was put into orbit.
The launch was a project of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of the University of Tokyo. The name of the satellite means "light blue", which is the school color of the University of Tokyo.
The satellite was sent into orbit on February 16, 1971.
The Fighting Kentuckian

The Fighting Kentuckian is a 1949 American western movie directed by George Waggner and starring John Wayne, Oliver Hardy, Vera Ralston, Philip Dorn, Marie Windsor, Hugo Haas, Paul Fix, Grant Withers, Mae Marsh, Jack Pennick. It was distributed by Republic Pictures.
Poligny, Hautes-Alpes

Poligny is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department and Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region in southeastern France.
Geography
Despite being in the Alps, the northern commune area is relatively flat, as the commune is in a valley. The southern part of the commune is much hillier.
Transport
Road
The D17, D217A and D817 roads pass through the village of Poligny.
The N85 by-passes the village but still enters the commune.
The Singles Collection

The Singles Collection is the second compilation album by Britney Spears.
It was released in late 2009. It features the biggest hits of her career to that point plus one new song, "3", which was her first to debut at #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Genre painting

Genre painting is a style of painting. The painters want to show scenes of everyday life. The people are shown doing things they do in everyday life. Unlike with history paintings, the people cannot be identified, they are anonymous. They migt be identifiable as workers of a certain profession by the way they are dressed, or what they do. Grenre paiting is also called petit genre. History painting also has the name grand genre.
William Yorzyk

William Albert Yorzyk Jr. (May 29, 1933 - September 2, 2020) was an American competition swimmer. He was born in Northampton, Massachusetts.
Yorzyk represented the United States at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. He was the first swimmer to win the gold medal in the new 200-meter butterfly event.
Yorzyk was a physician in the United States Air Force Medical Corps and was commissioned a captain. He won the U.S. AAU indoor championship in the 220-yard butterfly in 1958.
Yorzyk was honored into the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an "Honor Swimmer" in 1971.
Yorzyk died on 2 September 2020, aged 87.
Okhaldhunga District

Okhaldhunga District () is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal. The district, with Okhaldhunga as its district headquarters, covers an area of and had a population of 156,702 in 2001 and 147,984 in 2011.
Calhoun County, South Carolina

Calhoun County is a county in South Carolina. The population was 6,433 in 2010 census down was 8,222 in 2000. The least populated in South Carolina. The county seat of St. Matthews.
Kacey Musgraves

Kacey Lee Musgraves (born August 21, 1988) is an American country singer. She released her first three albums herself before being signed to Mercury Records in 2012. Her first album on the label, Same Trailer Different Park, was released on March 19, 2013. It went straight to number two in the Billboard 200.
Musgraves won New Artist of the Year at the 2013 Academy of Country Music Awards. She also performed her single "Follow Your Arrow".
Same Trailer Different Park was nominated for Best Country Album at the 2014 Grammy Awards.
She has won six Grammy Awards (including the Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 2019), seven Country Music Association Awards, and three Academy of Country Music Awards.
In 2009, she sang on three songs on Mark McKinney's album Middle America.
Early life
Musgraves was born in Mineola, Texas. She wrote her first song, "Notice Me", at the age of 9.
Doctor (Doctor Who)

The Doctor is the central character in the long-running BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who.
She is an alien, a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey. The Doctor travels in his space-time-ship, the TARDIS, (Time And Relative Dimensions In Space) with which she can go anywhere in time and space. Because the TARDIS's chameleon circuit is broken, it looks like an old British police-call box permanently. The Doctor often takes other people with him, who are usually called "companions" or "assistants". They are always 21st century humans in the modern series, however the classic series often had human-looking aliens or people from the past or future. The most recent companion is Ruby Sunday.
Biography
The Doctor did not want to stay on Gallifrey any longer, so he "borrowed" an old Type 40 TARDIS. In the TARDIS he and his granddaughter Susan Foreman left their home planet Gallifrey. They stayed for a time on Earth in the 1960s, where Susan also went to school. Her teachers, Barbara Wright and Ian Chesterton, discovered the TARDIS. They traveled for a while with the Doctor, and returned to Earth two years later. After them the Doctor often took other people with him on his travels.
Anatomy and regeneration
As a Gallifreyan the Doctor looks like a human on the surface, but there are differences. One well-known difference is that The doctor has two hearts. As a Time Lord the Doctor can also regenerate, if doctor whos body is badly hurt and the doctor dies. During the regeneration, the body is healed and renewed, which includes a different appearance and personality. The regenerated person is the same person, with the same memories and basic personality traits; but the person also looks different and a changed personality. Because of this the Doctor could be played by different actors. This made it possible for the series to be filmed over a time of nearly fifty years without having to actually "change" the character.
Incarnations and actors of the Doctor
Up until now, the Doctor has regenerated Fifteen times, Regeneration can be controlled, but is usually decided without the doctor knowing his or her next face.
Melatonin

Melatonin is a hormone found in animals, plants, and microbes. In animals, levels of melatonin have a daily cycle. It drives the circadian rhythms of several biological functions.
Melatonin is produced in the pineal gland which is outside of the blood-brain barrier. It acts as a hormone, and is released into the blood.
Melatonin acts on melatonin receptors. It also acts directly because it is a powerful antioxidant, which protects DNA.
Melatonin supplements for humans can be given. Melatonin is categorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a dietary supplement, not a drug. A prescription-only, timed release melatonin product for people aged 55 and over was approved for use by the European Medicines Agency in 2007, despite having shown only small effects, and in Australia in 2009.
It is often given to young people with sleep problems.
Louvre Pyramid

The Louvre Pyramid is a pyramid built of glass and metal. It is in the Musee du Louvre, in Paris. The architect I. M. Pei designed the building. It opened to visitors in 1989. French president Francois Mitterrand spoke at the opening.
Guatemala City

Guatemala City is the capital of Guatemala. It is the largest city in Central America. It has a population of 942,348 in the city itself and 2,945,080 including all the suburbs. It was founded in the year 1773 after strong earthquakes damaged the old capital, Antigua Guatemala.
The city has being the center of trade and comerce in Guatemala since it's establishment. The main center of trade and comerce can be found on the Central Market and The Terminal, which recently suffered from a fire. Guatemala City is a center of culture showing this on the Museum for Children, La Sexta (an open pedestrian street) and The National Palace (where the government operated until the 50s).
Judgment Day: In Your House

Judgment Day: In Your House was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Federation (WWF), which took place on October 18, 1998 at the Rosemont Horizon in Rosemont, Illinois.
Acanthomorpha

Acanthomorpha is a clade of actinopterygian fishes.
Graziella Fumagalli

Graziella Fumagalli (24 August 1944 in Casatenovo - 22 October 1995 in Merca) was an Italian doctor. She was a Catholic volunteer, killed in Somalia in 1995 at the Anti-tuberculosis Center which she directed.
Life
She graduated in Medicine and Surgery in 1980. She specialized in Pediatric Surgery in France in 1985 and studied Tropical Medicine in 1989.
She moved to Guinea-Bissau with the non-governmental organization Mani Tese.
In 1993, she went to Mozambique as head of a health project of the Italian Association for Solidarity among Peoples (AISPO).
Ficheux

Ficheux is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
The Way You Make Me Feel

"The Way You Make Me Feel" is a song by Michael Jackson. It was the third single from Jackson's seventh album Bad. It was produced by Quincy Jones. Like the two singles before it, it reached number 1 in the Billboard Hot 100. It was also number 1 in Spain. He performed the song at the 1988 Grammy Awards. After Jackson died in 2009 the song entered the charts again.
Music video
In the video Jackson follows a girl called Tatiana Thumbtzen around and sings "The Way You Make Me Feel". La Toya Jackson appears as one of the girl's friends.
Cover versions
In February 2010, Whitney Houston performed "The Way You Make Me Feel" at her I Look to You Tour.
St. Paul Park, Minnesota

St. Paul Park is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Australian twenty-cent coin

The twenty-cent coin is part of the Australian decimal currency system.
It replaced the florin on the 14th of February, 1966. The florin was for two shillings. As the system changed, the Australian pound became worth two Australian dollars.
On the obverse side, there is the Queen Elizabeth of Australia. On the other side, there is a platypus.
Norwood, Ohio

Norwood is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States.
Montgomery District

Montgomery District is an administrative district of the former Punjab Province of British India. This is now in Pakistan. It was named after Sir Robert Montgomery. The district was in the Bari Doab, between the Sutlej and the Ravi rivers. It also included the Rechna Doab, which is between the Ravi and the Chenab rivers. The administrative headquarters were located in the town of Montgomery, now called Sahiwal. The name of Montgomery District was changed to Sahiwal District in 1978.
Dhuizel

Dhuizel is a commune. It is found in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in the north of France.
A Visit from St. Nicholas

"A Visit from St. Nicholas" is a poem by Clement Clarke Moore. It was first published anonymously on December 23, 1823 in the Troy Sentinel, an American newspaper. It is also known as "The Night Before Christmas" and "'Twas the Night Before Christmas" from its first line. The poem is largely responsible for the way many people think of Santa Claus. It describes his physical appearance, the night of his visit, his sleigh, the number and names of his reindeer, and the tradition that he brings toys to children.
19th-century American poems
1820s works
Christmas
Rhizodeposition

What is Rhizodeposition:
Rhizodeposition refers to the chemical process that happens in the rhizosphere, a small area of the soil that is directly changed by the release of plant root products and the microbiome. Rhizodeposition refers to the process that happens in small gaps within the soil that can contain many types of bacteria, fungi and nematodes (worm-like parasites) that can feed off the products released by the plant roots. Products released from the plant roots can be elements such as Nitrogen, Carbon, and other different proteins and sugars, these feed the plant root's microbiome. This is a form of symbiosis (mutualism) between the microorganisms and the plant that benefits from products produced by the microbes in the soil. An example of this is antibiotics that will kill harmful bacteria in the plant. The microorganisms will also provide the plant with enzymes, plant hormones and phosphates as well.
Why is Rhizodeposition important:
Rhizodeposition plays a very important role in connection with the carbon cycle. Out of all the carbon that the plant absorbs through photosynthesis around 25% of the carbon will be released through the roots of the soil, this carbon is what many of the microorganisms feed on in regards to rhizodeposition. Without this exchange of carbon, the microorganisms would not have one of the most important building blocks to life and would likely die. Similarly, the plants would significantly lack the antibiotics, hormones, enzymes and phosphates required to survive and would either die or be very weak.
Examples of Rhizodeposition:
In a study conducted on Triticum Sp. (Spelt Wheat) it was found that the Spelt Wheat was more productive in the presence of microorganisms that make up the rhizosphere than the Spelt Wheat that contained minimal microorganisms (the study notes that it is hard to maintain sterile soil). Specifically, wheat benefiting from rhizodeposition was able to grow higher faster and develop a root system that went wider and deeper. Harvest size from wheat with microorganisms was also much larger compared to wheat without/lacking microorganisms.
Volume

This article is about physical object; for meaning from audio field, see loudness.
The volume of an object is a measure of the amount of space occupied by that object, and is not to be confused with mass. The volume of a mountain is much larger than the volume of a rock, for instance.
By convention, the word volume implies a three-dimensional context where:
The length is the longest distance between the object's extremities.
The width (or breadth) refers to the size of the object in a direction perpendicular to its length.
The height (or depth) stands for the size of that object in the direction perpendicular to both the length and the width.
For objects at or near the Earth's surface, height or depth often refers to the dimension of the object along the local vertical. All physical objects occupy a volume, even if some are so thin that they appear to be two-dimensional, like a sheet of paper.
Units of volume
The unit of volume in the International System of Units is the cubic meter, which is represented by the symbol m3.
In some fields or applications, one often uses different units to simplify the discussions or writings. For instance:
Everyday quantities of liquids are often measured in units of a litre, written as L, which is the volume occupied by a cubic decimetre.
Large quantities of liquids, such as oil, and sometimes other materials, may be measured and traded in units of barrels. There are many different reference volumes called barrels, depending on the nature of the content.
Traditional units are still in encountered in some countries: Imperial units such as the gallon or the fluid ounce were in widespread use within the British Empire. Some of them are still popular in the United States, which also uses units like the bushel, the quart, the cup and the teaspoon (in cooking recipes, for example). See U.S. customary units for more examples.
Non-conservation of volume
The volume of an object is not a fundamental property of that object: it can change with environmental conditions such as pressure and temperature, especially if the object is highly compressible.
The volume of a mixture of fluids (liquids, gases) may or may not be equal to the sum of their volumes before they were mixed.
Measuring a volume
In mathematics, the volume of simple geometric objects, written , can often be calculated on the basis of their shape and dimensions:
The volume of a perfect cube of side c is c3.
The volume of a rectangular box is the product of its three linear dimensions: length, width and length.
The volume of a parallelepiped of sides a, b and c is a x b x c.
The volume of a sphere of radius r is (4/3) p r3.
The volume of a gas is typically that of its container, but it could be ill-defined, as in the case of the atmosphere, which has no clear upper limit. The volume of a liquid is often measured by pouring it into a graduated container. The volume of a small solid can be estimated by immersing it into a graduated container partially filled with a known amount of liquid, provided the solid is not soluble in the liquid.
Álvaro Torres

Alvaro German Ibarra Torres (born April 9, 1954) is a Salvadoran singer-songwriter. He is known for singing a duet with American singer Selena for the song "Buenos Amigos" in 1991. The song peaked at number-one on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart.
Brassy, Somme

Brassy is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Mulholland Drive (movie)

Mulholland Drive is an American neo-noir mystery drama movie set in and around Los Angeles. David Lynch wrote and directed this movie. Lynch won the Best Director Award for it at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.
These actors star in the movie: Naomi Watts, Laura Harring, Justin Theroux, Ann Miller and Robert Forster.
Pecora

Pecora is Ruminantia's infraorder . All pecorans, except the families Hydrotopes and Moschus have horns or antlers. "Pecora" comes from Latin meaning "horned lifestock". Some pecorans have horns, but the family Cervidae has antlers.
Luigi's Mansion 3

Luigi's Mansion 3 is a 2019 video game made by Nintendo. It is the third game in the Luigi's Mansion series. The game was released on the Nintendo Switch on October 31, 2019. The main setting of this game is a haunted hotel. The new gameplay feature in this game is the addition of Gooigi, a slimy version of Luigi, the main character and protagonist.
Tower of Saviors

Tower of Saviors is a video game which is developed in Hong Kong. Since July 2013, this game has been downloaded over 5,000,000 times. Seventy-five percent of players are Taiwanese.
Copying issue
The gameplay and characters are similar to Puzzle & Dragons, a Japanese game. The person in charge said that the game has referenced other games, such as Puzzle & Dragons.
Adel Ahmed

Adel Ahmad is a Qatari footballer who plays for Al Bidda as a striker.
Heliotropium

Heliotropium is a plant that belongs to the Boraginaceae family.
Species
Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl
Heliotropium anderssonii B.L.Rob.
Heliotropium angiospermum Vahl
Heliotropium anomalum Hook. & Arn.
Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum
Heliotropium arborescens
Heliotropium argenteum
Heliotropium asperrimum R.Br.
Heliotropium balfourii
Heliotropium bracteatum R.Br.
Heliotropium conocarpum F.Muell. ex Benth.
Heliotropium crispatum F.Muell. ex Benth.
Heliotropium diversifolium F.Muell. ex Benth.
Heliotropium chenopodiaceum (A.DC.) Clos.
Heliotropium claussenii DC.
Heliotropium convolvulaceum
Heliotropium curassavicum L.
Heliotropium dentatum
Heliotropium derafontense
Heliotropium ellipticum
Heliotropium epacrideum F.Muell. ex Benth.
Heliotropium europaeum L.
Heliotropium fasciculatum R.Br.
Heliotropium flintii F.Muell. ex A.S.Mitch.
Heliotropium foertherianum Diane & Hilger
Heliotropium foliatum R.Br.
Heliotropium glabellum R.Br.
Heliotropium heteranthum (F.Muell.) Ewart & O.B.Davies
Heliotropium indicum L.
Heliotropium kuriense
Heliotropium laceolatum Loefg.
Heliotropium lineariifolium Phil.
Heliotropium megalanthumn I.M.Johnst.
Heliotropium nigricans
Heliotropium paniculatum R.Br.
Heliotropium pannifolium
Heliotropium pauciflorum R.Br.
Heliotropium paulayanum
Heliotropium peruvianum
Heliotropium pleiopterum F.Muell.
Heliotropium procumbens
Heliotropium prostratum R.Br.
Heliotropium riebeckii
Heliotropium shoabense
Heliotropium sinuatum (Miers) I.M.Johnst.
Heliotropium socotranum
Heliotropium stenophyllum
Heliotropium strigosum Willd.
Heliotropium tenuifolium R.Br.
Heliotropium ventricosum R.Br.
Harris Salleh

Harris bin Mohd Salleh (born 4 November 1930) is a Malaysian politician. He was the sixth Chief Minister of the state of Sabah in Malaysia from 1976 to 1985. He was also the president for Parti Berjaya.
Amos Oz

Amos Oz (; born Amos Klausner; May 4, 1939 - December 28, 2018) was an Israeli writer, novelist, journalist and philosopher. He was a professor of literature at Ben-Gurion University in Beersheba. He was born in Jerusalem.
Oz's work has been published in 45 languages in 47 countries. He was honored with a Legion of Honour of France, the Goethe Prize, the Prince of Asturias Award in Literature, the Heinrich Heine Prize and the Israel Prize.
In 2007, a selection from the Chinese translation of A Tale of Love and Darkness was the first work of modern Hebrew literature to appear in an official Chinese textbook. His other best known works were My Michael and A Perfect Peace.
Oz was a supporter of a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Oz died in Tel Aviv on December 28, 2018 from a short-battle with an "aggressive form" of cancer at the age of 79.
Barbara Nowakowska

Barbara Nowakowska (born Barbara Galas 1935 - 14 April 2021) was a Polish underground activist during the Stalinist period. She is an honorary citizen of the city of Katowice. In 2008 she received the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta .
In 1953, she opposed the change of the name of Katowice to Stalinogrod. With Natalia Piekarska and Zofia Klimonda, students of the Maria Sklodowska-Curie High School in Chorzow, they prepared leaflets "Down with Stalinogrod", "Commune is a plague", "Miners do not let sweat out of you". They borrowed a typewriter, and scattered them in means of transport and public places. After being detained and a trial in which the girls were beaten and intimidated, they were convicted on 8 June 1953. Barbara Galas was sentenced to four years in prison. The Supreme Court reduced the sentence to three years After serving half of her sentence, she was released on parole in October 1954.
In 2004, she was named an Honorary citizen of Katowice.
Theravada

Theravada is the oldest-surviving denomination of Buddhism.
History of Theravada Buddism
Theravada was founded in Nepal. It is relatively conservative, and generally closest to early Buddhist practice. For many centuries it has been the main religion of Sri Lanka (now about 70% of the population) and most of continental Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand). Theravada is also practiced by minorities in parts of southwest China (by the Shan and Tai ethnic groups), Vietnam (by the Khmer Krom), Bangladesh (by the ethnic groups of Baruas, Chakma, and Magh), Malaysia and Indonesia.
Theravada today
Recently this oldest-surviving denomination of Buddhism gaining popularity in Singapore and the Western world. Today Theravada Buddhists, who are also known as Theravadins, number over 100 million worldwide; in recent decades Theravada has begun to take root in the West and in the Buddhist revival in Nepal.
International Buddhist Meditation Center operates in Kathmandu.
Roter Berg, Vienna

Roter Berg (in German meaning "Red Mountain") is a hill in the district of Hietzing in southwest Vienna, Austria. It is part of the Vienna Woods and has an altitude of 262 meters. A part of the hill is a park and is a large and important green space in Hietzing. Although the part of the hill that is a park, belongs to the State of Vienna, most of the hill is private property. However most of the green space that is private property, are not fenced and do not have any signs saying they are private property, and access is allowed. In winter, when it snows, the hill becomes a popular place with children who use sleds or skis to ride down the slopes, but with global warming, snow and these activities have become rare in Vienna.
Volksschule

A Volksschule was part of an 18th-century system of state-supported primary schools established in the Habsburg Austrian Empire. Attendance was supposed to be compulsory. However, a 1781 census found that only one fourth of the school-age children attended. At the time, this was one of the few examples of state-supported schooling.
The Volksschule still exist in Austria today, Volksschule is the Austrian equivalent to the German word Grundschule and the Swiss German word Primarschule, i.e. primary school.
Dora Herxheimer

Dora Herxheimer with married name Heidrich (4 August 1884 - 2 July 1967) was a British swimmer and artist.
Swimming
Herxheimer started swimming when she was around 10 years old in 1894 during a family vacation in St Leonards-on-Sea. She was in 1906 trained by Maurice Richard at the Solferino baths. On 15 July 1906 she took part in the second edition of the , a main open water swimming competition in Paris. After many test, she had to swim for instance six kilometre in a swimming pool, her participation was accepted. She finished 10th in a time of 4 hours and 58 miutes. She swam the entire race in breaststroke.
Art
Herxheimer studied art as a pupil of the German arrist Georg Luhrig, probably serving as a model for his work Age et Jeunesse. In 1906 she joined the courses of the sculptor Jacques Marqueste in Paris. She owned a studio in the 14th arrondissement of Paris at . She was specialized in sculpture of busts, animal art and female portraits. In August, she became a pupil of Auguste Rodin and meets her secretary, the Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke. Between 1906 and 1913 she maintained a correspondence with Rainer Maria Rilke.
Personal life
Herxheimer was born in London in 1884. She moved in 1901 to Saxony in Germany and from 1905 to Berlin, Paris, Freudenstadt in the Black Forest and Czechoslovakia. She later moved to London and moved to New York in 1954.
Her father Gotthold Herxheimer (1838-1896) was a businessman and her mother was Jaffe Auguste (1853-1937). She had a sister Ella Pauline Herxheimer and a brother Walter. She married in 1911 to an Austrian agent Rudolf Heidrich. She had a daughter in 1919 named Dorethea. As a Jewish person, she had had to wear the yellow star during World War II.