April 20

Events
Up to 1900
1303 - University of Rome La Sapienza is founded by Pope Boniface VIII.
1453 - Last naval battle in Byzantine history, as three Genoese galleys escorting a Byzantine transport fight their way through the huge Ottoman blockade fleet into the Golden Horn.
1534 - Jacques Cartier sets sail from France on an expedition that will take him to present-day Canada, including Labrador.
1653 - Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump parliament.
1657 - Freedom of religion is granted to Jews in New Amsterdam, present-day New York City.
1689 - James II of England/James VII of Scotland lays siege to Derry in present-day Northern Ireland.
1770 - Irekle II, King of Georgia, abandoned by his Russian ally Count Totleben, wins against Ottoman Empire forces at Aspindza.
1775 - American Revolutionary War: The Siege of Boston begins.
1792 - France declares war on Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor.
1810 - The Governor of Caracas (Venezuela), declares independence from Spain.
1828 - Rene Caillie becomes the first non-Muslim to enter Timbuktu.
1836 - United States Congress passes the act creating the Wisconsin territory.
1862 - Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard complete the first pasteurization process.
1876 - The April Uprising begins in Bulgaria.
1887 - The first car race is held in France, on a course running from Paris to Versailles.
1889 - Nazi leader Adolf Hitler is born in Braunau am Inn, Austria.
1901 2000
1902 - Marie Curie and Pierre Curie refine Radium.
1912 - Baseball: The Tiger Stadium (Detroit) and Fenway Park (Boston) open.
1914 - 19 people die in the Ludlow massacre in Colorado during a coal miners strike.
1916 - In baseball, the Chicago Cubs play their first game at Weeghman Park, now called Wrigley Field, defeating the Cincinnati Reds 7-6.
1920 - The 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp begin.
1922 - The Soviet government creates the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
1939 - Billie Holiday records the first civil rights song Strange Fruit.
1944 - Dutch freighter Voorbode explodes in the harbor of Bergen, Norway, killing 150 people.
1945 - World War II: US troops capture Leipzig, which is later handed to Soviet forces.
1945 - World War II: At the Fuhrerbunker, Adolf Hitler makes his last outside appearance, handing Iron Cross medals to members of the Hitler Youth on his 56th birthday.
1946 - The League of Nations officially dissolves, giving most of its powers to the United Nations.
1947 - King Christian X of Denmark dies. King Frederick IX of Denmark succeeds him.
1951 - Dan Gavriliu performs the first surgical replacement of a human organ.
1964 - The British TV Channel BBC Two begins transmission, but a power cut occurs, due to a fire at Battersea Power Station in London.
1967 - A Globe Air plane crashes against a mountain near Nicosia, Cyprus, killing 126 people.
1968 - A South African Airways plane crashes shortly after take-off from Windhoek, Namibia, killing 129 people.
1968 - Pierre Trudeau becomes Prime Minister of Canada.
1968 - British politician Enoch Powell makes his controversial "Rivers of Blood" speech, in which he calls for tighter immigration controls.
1972 - Apollo 16 lands on the Moon.
1978 - Korean Air Flight 902 is shot down by the Soviets.
1986 - Vladimir Horowitz performs in Russia for the first time in 61 years.
1986 - Chicago Bulls basketball star Michael Jordan scores a playoff record 63 points in a single game, against the Boston Celtics.
1989 - Scientists announce that an Asteroid has narrowly missed hitting the Earth.
1992 - Surviving members of the band Queen hold a tribute concert to Freddie Mercury at Wembley Stadium.
1998 - The Red Army Faction announces an end to its operations.
1999 - Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, two teenagers, go on a shooting spree at Columbine High School, near Littleton, Colorado.
From 2001
2005 - In Ecuador, President Lucio Gutierrez is removed by Parliament and replaced by Alfredo Palacio.
2007 - Johnson Space Center shooting: A man with a handgun barricades himself in the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, and kills a male hostage before killing himself.
2008 - Danica Patrick wins the Indy Japan 300, becoming the first woman to win an Indy car race.
2010 - Deepwater Horizon oil spill: An explosion occurs on the Deepwater Horizon Oil rig, near Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico, killing 11 people, and causing the worst Oil spill in US history.
2011 - Photojournalist Tim Hetherington and journalist Chris Hondros are killed in Libya during the 2011 Libyan civil war.
2012 - A Bhoja Air plane crashes near Islamabad, Pakistan, killing 127 people.
2013 - At least 160 people are killed after an earthquake of over magnitude 6 strikes Sichuan province in China.
2013 - Giorgio Napolitano is elected to a second term as President of Italy. It is the first time that an Italian President has been elected to a second term in office.
2017 - In Paris, shooting toward police officers killed one officer and the attacker.
Births
Up to 1900
570 - Muhammad the Prophet, founder of Islam (d. 632)
1492 - Pietro Aretino, Italian writer and poet (d. 1556)
1494 - Johannes Agricola, German religious reformer (d. 1566)
1586 - Saint Rose of Lima, Peruvian saint (d. 1617)
1633 - Emperor Go-Komyo, Emperor of Japan (d. 1654)
1723 - Cornelius Harnett, American merchant, farmer and statesman (d. 1781)
1745 - Philippe Pinel, French physician (d. 1826)
1748 - Georg Michael Telemann, German composer (d. 1839)
1808 - Emperor Napoleon III of France (d. 1873)
1809 - James David Forbes, Scottish physicist and glaciologist (d. 1868)
1818 - Albrecht von Stosch, German general and admiral (d. 1896)
1839 - King Carol I of Romania (d. 1914)
1842 - John Murphy Farley, Irish-American cardinal (d. 1918)
1850 - Daniel Chester French, American sculptor (d. 1931)
1851 - Torakusu Yamaha, Japanese entrepreneur (d. 1916)
1851 - Young Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (d. 1875)
1851 - Eduardo Acevedo Diaz, Uruguayan writer and politician (d. 1921)
1852 - John Murphy Farley, Archbishop of New York and cardinal (d. 1918)
1855 - Inukai Tsuyoshi, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1932)
1859 - Vincenzo Cerulli, Italian astronomer (d. 1927)
1860 - Pieter Jelles Troelstra, Dutch-Frisian poet and politician (d. 1930)
1871 - Sydney Chapman, British economist (d. 1951)
1871 - Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, Croatian engineer and inventor (d. 1972)
1875 - Vladimir Vidric, Croatian poet (d. 1989)
1879 - Paul Poiret, French fashion designer (d. 1944)
1884 - Daniel Varujan, Armenian poet (d. 1915)
1884 - Princess Beatrice of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1966)
1889 - Adolf Hitler, Nazi leader (d. 1945)
1890 - Adolf Schaerf, President of Austria (d. 1965)
1890 - Maurice Duplessis, Premier of Quebec (d. 1959)
1893 - Joan Miro, Spanish painter (d. 1983)
1893 - Edna Parker, American supercentenarian, oldest person in the world at the time of her death (d. 2008)
1893 - Harold Lloyd, American actor (d. 1971)
1895 - Emile Christian, American jazz musician (d. 1973)
1896 - Wop May, Canadian pilot and captain (d. 1952)
1901 1950
1904 - Bruce Cabot, American actor (d. 1972)
1904 - George Stibitz, American scientist (d. 1995)
1908 - Lionel Hampton, American jazz musician, bandleader and actor (d. 2002)
1910 - Robert F. Wagner, Jr., Mayor of New York City (d. 1991)
1911 - Kukrit Pramoj, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 1995)
1913 - Roger Rochard, French long-distance runner (d. 1993)
1914 - Betty Lou Gerson, American actress (d. 1999)
1918 - Kai Siegbahn, Swedish physicist (d. 2007)
1920 - John Paul Stevens, American jurist (d. 2019)
1923 - Mother Angelica, American nun and broadcaster (d. 2016)
1923 - Tito Puente, American jazz musician and producer (d. 2000)
1923 - Jorge Romo, Mexican footballer (d. 2014)
1924 - Leslie Phillips, British actor
1924 - Nina Foch, Dutch-American actress (d. 2008)
1925 - Elena Verdugo, American actress (d. 2017)
1927 - Karl Alexander Muller, Swiss physicist
1927 - Phil Hill, American racing driver (d. 2008)
1928 - Robert Byrne, American chess player (d. 2013)
1928 - Arvo Kruusement, Estonian movie director
1930 - Dwight Gustafson, American composer and conductor (d. 2014)
1935 - Mario Camus, Spanish screenwriter and movie director
1936 - Pat Roberts, United States Senator
1936 - Pauli Ellefsen, 6th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 2012)
1937 - Jiri Dienstbier, Czech politician and journalist (d. 2011)
1937 - George Takei, American actor
1938 - Betty Cuthbert, Australian athlete (d. 2017)
1938 - Igor Sergeyev, Marshal of the Russian Federation (d. 2006)
1938 - Peter Snow, British broadcaster
1939 - Peter S. Beagle, American writer
1939 - Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway
1939 - Wayson Choy, Canadian writer (d. 2019)
1940 - James Gammon, American actor (d. 2010)
1941 - Ryan O'Neal, American actor
1942 - Arto Paasilinna, Finnish writer (d. 2018)
1943 - Alan Beith, British politician, former MP for Berwick-upon-Tweed
1943 - John Eliot Gardiner, British conductor
1943 - Edie Sedgwick, American actress (d. 1971)
1945 - Michael Brandon, American actor
1945 - Gregory Olsen, American entrepreneur
1945 - Gerry Steinberg, English politician (d. 2015)
1945 - Thein Sein, President of Burma
1946 - Sabine Bergmann-Pohl, German politician
1947 - David Leland, British director, actor and screenwriter
1947 - Bjorn Skifs, Swedish singer-songwriter, actor and screenwriter
1949 - Massimo D'Alema, former Prime Minister of Italy
1949 - Aleksandr Maltsev, Russian ice hockey player
1949 - Jessica Lange, American actress
1949 - Toller Cranston, Canadian figure skater (d. 2015)
1949 - Paul Heiney, English journalist
1950 - N. Chandrababu Naidu, Indian politician, 13th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
1950 - Alexander Lebed, Russian general and politician (d. 2002)
1950 - Ibrahim Yusri, Egyptian actor (d. 2015)
1951 1975
1951 - Luther Vandross, American singer (d. 2005)
1952 - Eric Pickles, British politician
1953 - Sebastian Faulks, British writer
1956 - Kevin Judge, American Internet Security Expert
1958 - Viacheslav Fetisov, Russian ice hockey player
1959 - Clint Howard, American actor
1960 - Miguel Diaz-Canel, President of Cuba
1961 - Nicholas Lyndhurst, British actor
1961 - Paul Usher, British actor
1962 - Sigurdur Ingi Johannsson, former Prime Minister of Iceland
1963 - Rachel Whiteread, British artist and sculptor
1964 - Andy Serkis, British actor
1964 - Crispin Glover, American actor
1964 - Rosalynn Summers, American figure skater
1965 - Susan Cookson, British actress
1965 - April March, American singer-songwriter
1965 - Bernardo Fernando da Silva, Brazilian footballer
1966 - David Chalmers, Australian philosopher
1966 - David Filo, American businessman and co-founder of Google
1967 - Mike Portnoy, American musician
1967 - Raymond van Barneveld, Dutch darts player
1968 - Julia Morris, Australian actress and television presenter
1969 - Felix Baumgartner, Austrian skydiver
1970 - Shemar Moore, American actor
1972 - Carmen Electra, American actress, singer and model
1972 - Marko Kon, Serbian composer, singer and actor
1972 - Stephen Marley, Jamaican musician
From 1976
1976 - Aldo Bobadilla, Paraguayan footballer
1976 - Shay Given, Irish footballer
1976 - Joey Lawrence, American actor
1976 - Chris Mason, Canadian ice hockey player
1979 - Gregor Tait, Scottish swimmer
1979 - Ludovic Magnin, Swiss footballer
1980 - Vibeke Skofterud, Norwegian cross-country skier (d. 2018)
1980 - Jasmin Wagner, German singer
1980 - Lee Wilkie, Scottish footballer
1981 - Mike Blair, Scottish rugby union player and coach
1983 - Miranda Kerr, Australian supermodel
1983 - Danny Granger, American actor, producer and musician
1984 - Nelson Evora, Portuguese athlete
1984 - Edixon Perea, Colombian footballer
1985 - Brent Seabrook, Canadian ice hockey player
1985 - Curt Hawkins, American professional wrestler
1987 - John Patrick Amedori, American actor
1987 - Anna Rossinelli, Swiss singer
1991 - Thomas Curtis, American actor
1991 - Ondrej Krajak, Czech footballer
1992 - Ashton Moio, American actor, stuntman and martial artist
1997 - Alexander Zverev, German tennis player
1999 - Carly Rose Sonenclar, American actress
2000 - Funny Cide, American racehorse
Deaths
Up to 1900
689 - Caedwalla, King of Wessex
1176 - Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, English military leader (b. 1130)
1314 - Pope Clement V (b. 1264)
1517 - Bogdan III the One-Eyed, Romanian son of Stephen of Moldavia (b. 1470)
1521 - Zhengde Emperor of China (b. 1491)
1526 - Ibrahim Lodi, Sultan of Delhi
1534 - Elizabeth Barton, English nun and saint (b. 1506)
1558 - Johannes Bugenhagen, German priest and theologian (b. 1485)
1769 - Pontiac, Chief of the Ottawa (b. 1720)
1786 - John Goodricke, English astronomer (b. 1746)
1812 - George Clinton, US Vice President and Governor of New York (b. 1739)
1831 - John Abernethy, English surgeon (b. 1864)
1869 - Carl Loewe, German composer (b. 1796)
1873 - William Tite, English architect (b. 1798)
1874 - Alexander H. Bailey, American politician (b. 1817)
1887 - Muhammad Sharif Pasha, Egyptian statesman (b. 1826)
1899 - Joseph Wolf, German artist (b. 1820)
1901 2000
1902 - Joaquim de Sousa Andrade, Brazilian poet (b. 1833)
1912 - Bram Stoker, Irish writer (b. 1847)
1912 - Pedro Lira, Chilean painter (b. 1845)
1914 - Ivar Wickman, Swedish physician (b. 1872)
1918 - Karl Ferdinand Braun, German physicist (b. 1850)
1927 - Enrique Simonet, Spanish painter (b. 1866)
1929 - Prince Albert Wilhelm Heinrich of Prussia (b. 1862)
1932 - Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician (b. 1858)
1935 - John Cameron, Scottish footballer (b. 1872)
1937 - James Gillett, 22nd Governor of California (b. 1860)
1947 - King Christian X of Denmark (b. 1870)
1951 - Ivanoe Bonomi, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1873)
1967 - Leo-Paul Desrosiers, French-Canadian journalist and novelist (b. 1896)
1982 - Archibald MacLeish, American poet and writer (b. 1892)
1990 - Horst Sindermann, German politician (b. 1915)
1991 - Don Siegel, American movie director (b. 1912)
1992 - Benny Hill, British comedian and actor (b. 1924)
1993 - Cantinflas, Mexican comedian and actor (b. 1911)
1994 - Jean Carmet, French actor (b. 1920)
1996 - Tran Van Tra, Vietnamese general and politician (b. 1918)
1996 - Christopher Robin Milne, son of the writer A. A. Milne (b. 1920)
1999 - Deaths in the Columbine High School massacre:
Cassie Bernall, victim of the Columbine High School massacre (b. 1981)
Rachel Joy Scott, victim of the Columbine High School massacre (b. 1981)
Eric Harris, perpetrator of the Columbine High School massacre (b. 1981)
Dylan Klebold, perpetrator of the Columbine High School massacre (b. 1981)
From 2001
2001 - Giuseppe Sinopoli, Italian conductor and composer (b. 1946)
2002 - Alan Dale, American singer (b. 1925)
2002 - Pierre Rapsat, Belgian singer-songwriter (b. 1948)
2003 - Ruth Hale, American playwright and actress (b. 1908)
2003 - Daijiro Kato, Japanese motorcycle racer (b. 1976)
2003 - Bernard Katz, German biophysicist (b. 1911)
2005 - Zygfryd Blaut, Polish footballer (b. 1943)
2010 - Dorothy Height, American Civil Rights activist (b. 1912)
2011 - Journalists killed in Libya:
Tim Hetherington, British photojournalist (b. 1970)
Chris Hondros, American photographer (b. 1970)
2014 - Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, American boxer (b. 1937)
2014 - Neville Wran, Australian politician, former Premier of New South Wales (b. 1926)
2014 - Benedikt Sarnov, Russian literary critic and writer (b. 1927)
2014 - Alistair MacLeod, Canadian author and academic (b. 1936)
2015 - Frederic Morton, Austrian-American writer (b. 1924)
2015 - Aharon Lichtenstein, French-born American-Israeli rabbi (b. 1933)
2015 - Richard Anthony, Egyptian-born French singer (b. 1938)
2015 - Bob St. Clair, American football player (b. 1931)
2015 - Ibrahim Yusri, Egyptian actor (b. 1950)
2015 - Peter Howell, English actor (b. 1929)
2016 - Victoria Wood, English comedienne, actress and writer (b. 1953)
2016 - Guy Hamilton, English film director (b. 1922)
2016 - Avril Henry, English academic (b. 1934)
2016 - Leonie Kramer, Australian academic (b. 1924)
2016 - Harry Perkowski, American baseball player (b. 1922)
2017 - Germaine Mason, Jamaican-born British high jumper (b. 1983)
2017 - Jay Dickey, American politician (b. 1939)
2017 - Roberto Ferreiro, Argentine footballer (b. 1935)
2017 - Cuba Gooding, Sr., American singer (b. 1944)
2017 - Lawrence Hogan, American politician (b. 1928)
2017 - Magdalena Abakanowicz, Polish sculptor (b. 1930)
2018 - Avicii, Swedish DJ, musician and music producer (b. 1989)
2018 - Roy Bentley, English footballer (b. 1924)
2018 - Pedro Erquicia, Spanish journalist and television producer (b. 1943)
2018 - Rajinder Sachar, Pakistan-Indian political activist and judge (b. 1923)
2018 - Al Swift, American broadcaster and politician (b. 1935)
2018 - Shane Yarran, Australian rules footballer (b. 1989)
2018 - Charles Zwick, American civil servant (b. 1926)
2019 - Joe Armstrong, British computer scientist (b. 1950)
2019 - Reggie Cobb, American football player (b. 1968)
2019 - Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian, Iranian artist (b. 1922)
2019 - Karl Grob, Swiss footballer (b. 1946)
2019 - Braulio Lara, Dominican baseball player (b. 1988)
2019 - David V. Picker, American film executive and producer (b. 1931)
Observances
4/20 - Cannabis culture
UN Chinese language Day
Ridvan begins (Baha'i faith)
Days of the year