February 20

Events
Up to 1900
1472 - Orkney and Shetland are annexed to the crown of Scotland.
1547 - Edward VI of England is crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey.
1724 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London.
1725 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony.
1792 - The Postal Service Act, establishing the United States Post Office Department, is signed by President George Washington.
1798 - Louis-Alexandre Berthier removes Pope Pius VI from power.
1799 - The Blackbrook Reservoir in Leicestershire, England, breaks.
1810 - Andreas Hofer, Tyrolean patriot and leader of rebellion against Napoleon's forces, was executed.
1816 - Gioachino Rossini's The Barber of Seville debuts at Teatro Argentina, with a fiasco.
1835 - Concepcion, Chile is destroyed by an earthquake
1846 - Polish insurgents lead an uprising in Krakow to incite a fight for independence.
1864 - American Civil War: The Battle of Olustee takes place in Florida.
1865 - The Uruguayan War ends.
1872 - In New York City the Metropolitan Museum of Art opens.
1873 - The University of California opens its first medical school in San Francisco, California.
1877 - Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake is first performed at the Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow.
1878 - Pope Leo XIII is elected.
1901 2000
1901 - The legislature of Hawaii Territory convenes for the first time.
1909 - The Futurist Manifesto is published by the French journalist Le Figaro.
1913 - King O'Malley drives in the first survey peg to mark commencement of work on the construction of Canberra.
1915 - The "Panama-Pacific International Exhibition", a World's Fair, is held in San Francisco, to show the city's recovery from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
1919 - Emir of Afghanistan Habibullah Khan is murdered during a hunting trip.
1921 - The movie The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, starring Rudolph Valentino, premieres.
1929 - American Samoa becomes a US Territory.
1931 - California gets the go-ahead by the United States Congress to build the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.
1933 - United States Congress proposes the 21st Amendment to the United States Constitution, which will end Alcohol Prohibition.
1935 - Caroline Mikkelsen becomes the first woman to set foot on the continent of Antarctica.
1942 - Lieutenant Edward O'Hare becomes America's first World War II flying ace.
1943 - American movie studio executives agree to allow the Office of War Information to censor movies.
1943 - The Paricutin volcano begins to form in Paricutin, Mexico.
1944 - World War II: "Big Week" begins with American bomber raids on Nazi aircraft manufacturing centers.
1944 - World War II: The United States takes Eniwetok Island.
1952 - Emmett L. Ashford becomes the first African-American umpire in organized baseball by being authorized to be a substitute umpire in the Southwestern International League.
1952 - The movie The African Queen opens at the Capitol Theatre in New York City.
1959 - The Avro Arrow programme to design and manufacture supersonic jet fighters in Canada is cancelled by the Diefenbaker government amid much political debate.
1962 - Mercury program: While aboard Friendship 7, John Glenn orbits the Earth three times in 4 hours, 55 minutes, becoming the first American to do so.
1965 - Ranger 8 crashes into the Moon after a successful mission of photographing possible landing sites for the Apollo program astronauts.
1974 - Science fiction writer Philip K. Dick claims he began experiencing intense gnostic visions on this date.
1976 - The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) disbands.
1978 - The last Order of Victory is given to Leonid Brezhnev.
1986 - Silvio Berlusconi takes over AC Milan.
1987 - Unabomber: In Salt Lake City, in the USA, a bomb explodes in a computer store.
1988 - Nagorno Karabakh votes to separate from Azerbaijan and join Armenia. War breaks out soon after.
1989 - An IRA bomb destroys a section of the British Army Barracks at Ternhill, England.
1991 - The giant statue of Albanian leader Enver Hoxha is brought down in Tirana by protestors.
1992 - Ross Perot announces his intention to run in the 1992 U.S. presidential election on CNN's Larry King Live.
1992 - The FA Premier League is formed and takes over as the professional league in England from season 1992-93.
1993 - New Scientist magazine reports the discovery of the youngest-observed star. Named VLA 1623, it is around 10,000 years old.
1998 - The afternoon newspaper Nashville Banner publishes its final edition.
From 2001
2001 - FBI agent Robert Hanssen is arrested and charged with spying for Russia for 15 years.
2002 - In Reqa Al-Gharbiya, Egypt, a fire on a train injures over 65 and kills at least 370.
2003 - In Rhode Island, USA, The Station nightclub fire kills about 100 and injures over 200.
2005 - Spain becomes the first country to vote in a referendum on ratification of the proposed Constitution of the European Union, passing it by a substantial margin, but on a low turnout.
2005 - Jeff Gordon wins his third Daytona 500.
2010 - Floods and mudslides hit the Portuguese island of Madeira, killing 43 people.
2013 - Kepler-37b, the smallest-known planet outside the Solar System, is discovered.
2014 - After several people had been killed during clashes two days earlier, protests in Kiev, Ukraine, erupt into violence again, with at least 20 people reported to have been killed. The EU imposes sanctions on Ukraine later the same day.
2016 - Prime Minister David Cameron announces that the United Kingdom is to hold a referendum on its membership of the European Union, on June 23.
Births
Up to 1900
1469 - Thomas Cajetan, Italian cardinal (d. 1534)
1631 - Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, English statesman (d. 1712)
1633 - Jan de Caen, Dutch portrait painter (d. 1702)
1726 - William Prescott, American Revolutionary colonel (d. 1795)
1753 - Louis-Alexandre Berthier, French marshal (d. 1815)
1759 - Johann Christian Reil, German physician (d. 1813)
1794 - William Carleton, Irish novelist (d. 1869)
1802 - Charles Auguste de Beriot, Belgian violinist and composer (d. 1870)
1811 - Henry Hastings Sibley, American politician (d. 1891)
1815 - Louis Le Chatelier, French engineer and chemist (d. 1873)
1819 - Alfred Escher, Swiss politician and railroad entrepreneur (d. 1882)
1829 - Antonio Guzman Blanco, President of Venezuela (d. 1899)
1839 - Benjamin Waugh, British social reformer (d. 1908)
1844 - Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist (d. 1906)
1844 - Joshua Slocum, Canadian seaman and adventurer (d. 1909)
1848 - Edward Henry Harriman, American railroad executive (d. 1909)
1860 - Karl Mantzius, Danish theatre and movie actor, director and writer (d. 1921)
1866 - Carl Westman, Swedish architect and designer (d. 1936)
1867 - Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (d. 1931)
1874 - Mary Garden, Scottish operatic soprano (d. 1967)
1879 - Hod Stuart, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1907)
1881 - Dora Altmann, German actress (d. 1971)
1882 - Elie Nadelman, Polish-born American sculptor (d. 1946)
1886 - Bela Kun, Hungarian politician (d. 1939)
1887 - Vincent Massey, Governor-General of Canada (d. 1967)
1888 - Georges Bernanos, French soldier and writer (d. 1948)
1898 - Jimmy Yancey, American musician (d. 1951)
1899 - Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, American businessman (d. 1992)
1900 - Maryam Jinnah, second wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (d. 1929)
1901 1950
1901 - Muhammad Naguib, 1st President of Egypt (d. 1984)
1901 - Rene Dubos, French microbiologist (d. 1982)
1901 - Louis Kahn, American architect (d. 1974)
1902 - Ansel Adams, American photographer (d. 1984)
1904 - Alexei Kosygin, Soviet Premier (d. 1980)
1906 - Gale Gordon, American television and radio actor (d. 1995)
1909 - Heinz Erhardt, German comedian, entertainer and actor (d. 1979)
1912 - Muriel Humphrey Brown, United States Senator and Second Lady of the United States (d. 1998)
1914 - John Charles Daly, American broadcaster (d. 1991)
1916 - Jean Erdman, American dancer and choreographer
1917 - Juan Vicente Torrealba, Venezuelan musician and composer
1918 - Leonore Annenberg, American billionaire (d. 2009)
1920 - Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington, sister of John F. Kennedy (d. 1948)
1920 - Karl Albrecht, German businessman (Aldi Sud) (d. 2014)
1923 - Forbes Burnham, 1st Prime Minister and 3rd President of Guyana (d. 1985)
1923 - Victor G. Atiyeh, 32nd Governor of Oregon (d. 2014)
1924 - Gloria Vanderbilt, American socialite and clothing designer (d. 2019)
1925 - Tochinishiki Kiyotaka, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1990)
1925 - Robert Altman, American movie director (d. 2006)
1926 - Richard Matheson, American science fiction writer and screenwriter (d. 2013)
1926 - Bob Richards, American pole vaulter
1926 - Alfonso Sastre, Spanish playwright, essayist and critic
1926 - Ken Olsen, American engineer (d. 2011)
1926 - Philip S. Goodman, American screenwriter, producer and director (d. 2015)
1927 - Sidney Poitier, American-Bahamian actor, director and diplomat
1927 - Ibrahim Ferrer, Cuban musician (d. 2005)
1928 - Jean Kennedy Smith, American diplomat and sister of John F. Kennedy
1929 - Eduardo Mac Entyre, Argentine artist (d. 2014)
1929 - Toshiro Mayuzumi, Japanese composer (d. 1997)
1930 - Willie Cunningham, Northern Irish footballer (d. 2007)
1930 - Ken Jones, English actor (d. 2014)
1930 - Gianfranco Parolini, Italian movie director and screenwriter
1931 - John Milnor, American mathematician
1936 - Shigeo Nagashima, Japanese baseball player and coach
1936 - Larry Hovis, American actor (d. 2003)
1937 - Robert Huber, German chemist
1937 - Roger Penske, American racing driver and entrepreneur
1937 - Nancy Wilson, American singer and actress
1940 - Jimmy Greaves, English footballer
1941 - Giuseppe Arzilli, Sammarinese politician
1941 - Buffy Sainte-Marie, Canadian musician
1942 - Phil Esposito, Canadian ice hockey player
1942 - Mitch McConnell, American politician
1942 - Claude Miller, French movie director and screenwriter (d. 2012)
1943 - Mike Leigh, English writer and director
1944 - Willem van Hanegem, Dutch footballer
1944 - Lew Soloff, American jazz trumpeter (d. 2015)
1945 - Annu Kapoor, Indian actor
1945 - George F. Smoot, American astrophysicist
1945 - Henry Polic II, American actor (d. 2013)
1946 - Brenda Blethyn, British actress
1946 - Richard Cocciante, French-Italian singer and songwriter
1946 - Sandy Duncan, American singer and actress
1947 - Eggert Magnusson, Icelandic businessman
1947 - Peter Osgood, English footballer (d. 2006)
1948 - Christopher A. Pissarides, Cypriot-British economist
1948 - Pierre Bouchard, Canadian ice hockey player
1949 - Ivana Trump, Czech-American socialite (d. 2022)
1950 - Walter Becker, American guitarist
1951 1975
1951 - Gordon Brown, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1951 - Randy California, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1997)
1952 - Abdala Bucaram, former President of Ecuador
1953 - Poison Ivy, American musician
1953 - Riccardo Chailly, Italian conductor
1954 - Anthony Head, British actor
1954 - Patty Hearst, American heiress
1954 - Jon Brant, American musician
1960 - Kee Marcello, Swedish guitarist
1960 - Joel Hodgson, American comedian
1961 - Imogen Stubbs, British actress
1961 - Ion Geolgau, Romanian footballer
1962 - Pierre Quinon, French pole vaulter (d. 2011)
1962 - Atul Chitnis, German-Indian technician (d. 2013)
1963 - Ian Brown, British singer (The Stone Roses)
1963 - Charles Barkley, American basketball player
1963 - Joakim Nystrom, Swedish tennis player
1964 - Rudi Garcia, French footballer
1966 - Cindy Crawford, American model
1966 - Dannis Mitchell, American athlete
1967 - Kurt Cobain, American rock musician (Nirvana) (d. 1994)
1967 - Kath Soucie, American voice, film, stage and television actress
1967 - Lili Taylor, American actress
1968 - Ted Hankey, English darts player
1969 - Kaiji Takayama, Japanese professional wrestler
1969 - Sinisa Mihajlovic, Serbian footballer
1969 - Danis Tanovic, Bosnian movie director and screenwriter
1971 - Jari Litmanen, Finnish footballer
1971 - Joost van der Westhuizen, South African rugby player (d. 2017)
1971 - Shawn McKenzie, American programmer
1971 - Calpernia Addams, American author, actress, activist and musician
1972 - Brent Gretzky, Canadian ice hockey player
1972 - Neil Primrose, Scottish musician (Travis)
1973 - Kimberley Davis, Australian actress
1974 - Karim Bagheri, Iranian footballer
1975 - Nicolas Wallin, Swedish ice hockey player
1975 - Brian Littrell, American singer (Backstreet Boys)
From 1976
1977 - Ed Graham, British drummer (The Darkness)
1978 - Lauren Ambrose, American actress
1978 - Jay Hernandez, American actor
1980 - Imanol Harinordoquy, French rugby player
1980 - Arthur Abraham, Armenian-German boxer
1980 - Artur Boruc, Polish footballer
1980 - Luis Gabriel Rey, Colombian footballer
1981 - Tony Hibbert, English footballer
1981 - Elisabeth Gorgl, Austrian skier
1982 - Jason Hirsh, American baseball player
1983 - Justin Verlander, American baseball player
1984 - Trevor Noah, South African comedian and television host
1984 - Ramzee Robinson, American basketball player
1985 - Yulia Volkova, Russian singer
1986 - Diego Reis, Brazilian footballer
1987 - Miles Teller, American actor
1988 - Jiah Khan, Indian actress (d. 2013)
1988 - Rihanna, Barbadian singer and actress
1990 - Ciro Immobile, Italian footballer
1991 - Antonio Pedroza, English-Mexican footballer
2014 - Princess Leonore, Duchess of Gotland, Swedish royal
Deaths
Up to 1900
702 - K'inich Kan B'Alam II, King of the Mayan city of Palenque (b. 635)
1154 - Wulfric of Haselbury, English saint (b. 1080)
1171 - Conan IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1138)
1194 - King Tancred of Sicily (b. 1138)
1408 - Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, English politician (b. 1342)
1431 - Pope Martin V (b. 1368)
1513 - John, King of Denmark (b. 1455)
1618 - Philip William, Prince of Orange (b. 1554)
1762 - Tobias Mayer, German astronomer (b. 1723)
1771 - Jean Jacques d'Ortous de Marain, French geophysicist (b. 1678)
1773 - King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (b. 1701)
1778 - Laura Bassi, Italian scholar (b. 1711)
1790 - Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1741)
1799 - Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician (b. 1733)
1803 - Marie Dumesnil, French actress (b. 1713)
1806 - Lachlan McIntosh, Scottish-American military and political leader (b. 1725)
1810 - Andreas Hofer, Tyrolian patriot (b. 1767)
1871 - Paul Kane, Canadian painter (b. 1810)
1893 - P. G. T. Beauregard, American general (b. 1818)
1895 - Frederick Douglass, American abolitionist (b. 1817)
1901 2000
1907 - Henri Moissan, French chemist (b. 1852)
1910 - Boutros Ghali, Egyptian politician (b. 1846)
1916 - Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish writer and pacifist (b. 1844)
1919 - Habibullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (b. 1872)
1920 - Robert Peary, American Arctic explorer (b. 1856)
1920 - Jacinta Marto, Portuguese religious figure (b. 1910)
1929 - Maryam Jinnah, second wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (b. 1900)
1948 - Robert P. Lamont, 5th United States Secretary of Commerce (b. 1867)
1952 - Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, President of Ecuador (b. 1888)
1961 - Percy Grainger, Australian composer (b. 1882)
1963 - Ferenc Fricsay, Hungarian conductor (b. 1914)
1963 - Jacob Gade, Danish composer (b. 1879)
1965 - Fred Immler, German actor (b. 1880)
1966 - Chester W. Nimitz, American admiral (b. 1885)
1968 - Anthony Asquith, British movie director and writer (b. 1902)
1969 - Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (b. 1883)
1970 - Sophie Treadwell, American playwright and journalist (b. 1885)
1972 - Maria Goeppert-Mayer, German physicist (b. 1906)
1972 - Walter Winchell, American journalist (b. 1897)
1976 - Rene Cassin, French judge (b. 1887)
1982 - Rene Dubos, French microbiologist (b. 1901)
1992 - Dick York, American actor (b. 1928)
1993 - Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian automobile manufacturer (b. 1916)
1996 - Solomon Asch, American psychologist (b. 1907)
1999 - Sarah Kane, English playwright (b. 1971)
2000 - Anatoly Sobchak, Russian politician (b. 1937)
From 2001
2003 - Orville Freeman, 29th Governor of Minnesota (b. 1918)
2005 - Hunter S. Thompson, American writer (b. 1937)
2007 - Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish painter (b. 1913)
2007 - F. Albert Cotton, American chemist (b. 1930)
2010 - Alexander Haig, American politician (b. 1924)
2012 - Vitaly Vorotnikov, Soviet-Russian politician (b. 1926)
2012 - Katie Hall, American politician (b. 1938)
2012 - Sullivan Walker, American actor (b. 1939)
2013 - Antonio Roma, Argentine footballer (b. 1932)
2014 - Walter D. Ehlers, American soldier (b. 1921)
2014 - Rafael Addiego Bruno, Uruguayan jurist and politician (b. 1923)
2014 - Garrick Utley, American television journalist (b. 1939)
2014 - Reghu Kumar, Indian composer (b. 1953)
2014 - Tea Ista, Finnish actress (b. 1932)
2014 - Cuthbert A. Pattillo, American air force general (b. 1924)
2015 - Henry Segerstrom, American politician (b. 1923)
2016 - Fernando Cardenal, Nicaraguan priest and politician (b. 1934)
2016 - Ove Verner Hansen, Danish actor and opera singer (b. 1932)
2016 - Nando Yosu, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1939)
2017 - Vitaly Churkin, Russian diplomat (b. 1952)
2017 - Mildred Dresselhaus, American scientist (b. 1930)
Observances
World Day of Social Justice
Rihanna Day (Barbados)
Days of the year