kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Field (physics)

In physics, a field means that a physical quantity is assigned to every point in space (or, more generally, spacetime). A field is seen as extending throughout a large region of space so that it influences everything. The strength of a field usually varies over a region. Michael Faraday became the first to coin the term "field", in 1849.
For some fields, there is a number for each point in space. They are called scalar fields. For more complicated fields, there are more than one number for each point in space. They are called vector fields or tensor fields. For example, one can model a gravitational field by a vector field where a vector indicates the acceleration a mass would experience at each point in space. Other examples are temperature fields or air pressure fields, which are often illustrated on weather reports by isotherms and isobars by joining up the points of equal temperature or pressure respectively.
Types of fields
Classical fields
Newtonian gravitation: describes the gravitational force as a mutual interaction between two masses.
Electromagnetism: electric and magnetic fields are not only fields of force which dictate the motion of particles, but also have an independent physical reality because they carry energy.
Gravitation in general relativity: this is Einstein's theory of gravity.
Waves as fields
Quantum fields
It is now believed that quantum mechanics should underlie all physical phenomena.
Field theory
A field theory is a physical theory that describes how one or more physical fields interact with matter.
Electoral district of Heathcote

Heathcote is an electoral district of New South Wales. It was created in 1971, abolished in 1991 and recreated in 1999.
Heathcote is in the outer suburbs of Sydney and also includes parts of Wollongong.
2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

The 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no real bounds, but cyclones usually form between April and November, with the highest amount of storms in May and October.
There has been one tropical cyclone so far in the season, Cyclone Amphan. It was the strongest cyclone since 2007.
The King of Kings

The King of Kings is a 1927 silent movie. It was directed by Cecil B. DeMille. It is a religious movie about the last weeks of Jesus before his crucifixion. H. B. Warner starred as Jesus. One of the last sequences of the movie, the Resurrection, is in Technicolor. A giant gate built for this movie was later used in King Kong in 1933. The same gate was one of the sets torched for the "burning of Atlanta" scene in 1939 in Gone with the Wind. The King of Kings was the first movie that premiered at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Los Angeles, California. The date was May 18, 1927.
Treason

Treason is when a person acts against his/ her country. For example, somebody might help another country fight a war against or loot his country by keeping secrets or failing to protect his country. In history, treason has often included the assassination of leaders. Treason against the king was called high treason and treason against a lesser role was called petty treason. A treasonous person is called a traitor.
Outside the field of law, the word "traitor" can be used to describe a person who betrays a group to which he or she belongs. These accusations can often be unclear when the accused do not consider themselves to be in the group.
Some famous traitors are Judas Iscariot, Marcus Junius Brutus, Benedict Arnold, Philippe Petain, La Malinche and Vidkun Quisling.
Persons accused of treason can be many. During the Reign of Terror many thousands were executed as traitors. After World War II many thousands of Soviet soldiers who had been prisoners of war were immediately sent to Gulag as traitors.
In different countries
Australia
Section 80.1 of the Criminal Code in the schedule of the Australian Criminal Code Act 1995 defines treason. A person is not guilty of treason if his help is purely humanitarian.
The only appropriate punishment for treason is life in prison.
Canada
Section 46 of the Criminal Code defines two types of treason. They are "treason" and "high treason". It is also illegal for any Canadian citizen to do anything defined in the code outside Canada.
High treason is punished by life in prison. Treason is punished by life in prison at most, or up to 14 years in prison.
New Zealand
New Zealand has treason laws that are stated under Section 73 of the Crimes Act 1961. The punishment is life in prison, except for conspiracy. The punishment for conspiracy is 14 years at most. Treason was the last crime to be punished by death in New Zealand.
Very few people have been prosecuted for treason in New Zealand.
United States
Treason is defined in the United States Constitution in Article III, Section 3. However, Congress has made laws that punish other actions that hurt national security. Some examples are the 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts, or the 1917 Espionage Act.
The punishment for treason in the United States is death or at least five years in prison, and at least a $10,000 fine. In addition, traitors cannot hold any office in the United States.
Japan
Japan per se does not have a law of treason. Instead it has an separated offence against be involved in foreign aggression (this can be since from invasion to espionage) against the State of Japan (; literally "crime of foreign mischief").
Both Japanese and non-Japanese nationals can be equally convicted of said offence.
The Empire of Japan used to have a crime similar to the one of "high treason" in English-language countries (). This law was abolished with the American occupation of the country after World War II.
Piermont, New York

Piermont is a village in Rockland County, New York, United States. Piermont is in the town of Orangetown. The population was 2,510 at the 2010 census.
Gary Collins

Gary Ennis Collins (April 30, 1938 - October 13, 2012) was an American movie, television, radio, stage, voice actor, and television host. He is known for his roles in The Sixth Sense, Angel in my Pocket, The Wackiest Ship in the Army, Born Free, Hangar 18, and in The Home Show. He is also known for being the host of Miss America from 1982 through 1990. He has won an Emmy Award for Best Television Host in 1983.
Collins guest-starred on dozens of television shows since the 1960s, including Perry Mason, The Virginian, Hawaii Five-O, The Six Million Dollar Man, The Love Boat, Charlie's Angels, Friends, and JAG.
Collins was born on April 30, 1938 in Venice, California. Collins was raised in Biloxi, Mississippi. He studied at Santa Monica City College. He was married to Susan Lechman from 1964 until they divorced in 1967. Then he was married to Mary Ann Mobley from 1967 until his death in 2012. Collins died on the morning of October 13, 2012 in Biloxi, Mississippi from natural causes, aged 74.
Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium, 11.2um in width and 3-5um in length. It is the agent which causes anthrax.
Description
The bacillus lives in soils worldwide at moderate temperatures. It can be grown in aerobic or anaerobic conditions (it is a facultative anaerobe) in a medium with essential nutrients, including carbon and nitrogen sources. In 1877, this organism was the first to be shown to cause disease by Robert Koch and verified by Louis Pasteur.
Richard Brick

Richard Michael Brick (September 20, 1945 - April 2, 2014) was an American movie producer, professor at Columbia University, and former Commissioner of New York City's Mayor's Office of Film, Theatre & Broadcasting. He was born in New York City.
Brick died of esophageal cancer in New York City, aged 68.
The Essential Bruce Springsteen

The Essential Bruce Springsteen is a greatest hits album by American singer Bruce Springsteen. It was released on 11 November, 2003 through Columbia/Legacy. It went to number 14 in the United States and number 28 in the United Kingdom.
Gert Timmerman

Gerrit "Gert" Timmerman (8 June 1935 in Oldenzaal - 28 October 2017 in Overdinkel) was a Dutch singer and musician from the Province of Overijssel. He was a baritone, and played the saxophone, the clarinet, the keyboard and the double bass.
His best known hits were "Nimm deine weisse Gitarre" (1963), "Ik heb eerbied voor jouw grijze haren" (1963), "Een moederhart, een gouden hart" (1964), "De schommelstoel" (1965), and "Brandend zand" (1970).
He married Hermien van der Weide (also from the Province of Overijssel) in 1963. As "Gert and Hermien" they were a very popular musical duo for many years.
Timmerman and his wife became Christians in 1974. After their conversion they started a Christian musical career but later on they returned to their previous career.
They divorced in 1999. He remarried another woman in 2002. Hermien died in 2003.
Gert died of pancreatic cancer in 2017, at the age of 82.
Ahmad Mukhtar

Chaudhry Ahmad Mukhtar () (22 June 1946 - 25 November 2020) was a Pakistani politician and businessman. He was a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He was born in Lahore. From 2008 to 2012, he was the Minister of Defence. From 2012 to 2013, he was the Minister for Water and Power.
Mukhtar died on 25 November 2020 in Lahore, aged 74.
Divine right of kings

The divine right of kings, was a political and religious doctrine. It meant that a monarch was given the right to rule by God alone. His authority could not be questioned because he ruled in God's name. It gave a king absolute rule over his subjects.
Beginnings
Pharaohs and some other ancient Kings were thought to actually be gods or descendants of gods. That concept went away when monotheism spread. A medieval principle held that God gave the right in to rule in secular matters to political rulers. God gave the right to rule over spiritual matters to the Pope as head of the Church. This has been called the 'doctrine of the two swords'. In 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as the Holy Roman Emperor. From that time on the Emperor was the secular power while the Pope was the spiritual power. This concept began to break down prior to the First Crusade. Rather than have the Emperor provide the manpower for the crusade, the Pope called on the nobility of Europe directly.
Rise and fall
In England, Henry VIII broke free of the Catholic church and the authority of the Pope. By the Acts of Supremacy in 1534 Henry was both king and "Supreme Head" of the Church of England. Following the Protestant Reformation the theory of divine right gave the king absolute authority as God's representative on earth in both political and spiritual matters. It made him accountable to no one but God. James I of England in his speech to Parliament in 1609 said:
In France the theory had been considered from the 13th century. Although France remained Catholic, her kings gradually pulled away from papal rule. By the 16th century the king replaced the pope as supreme authority over the French church. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89 the divine rights theory was no longer popular in England. In France, kings including Louis XIV of France (1643-1715) continued the divine rights doctrine. That was until the French revolution in 1789. By the 19th century it no longer had any credibility.
China
The Chinese culture had a similar but older concept called the 'Mandate of Heaven'. A good ruler had the blessings of heaven. But one who ruled badly would cause the mandate to be removed. When the People's Republic of China was formed in 1949, they claimed the Mandate of Heaven from the people.
FNMTV

FNMTV Premiers is a television program shown on MTV. The program is hosted by Pete Wentz of rock band Fall Out Boy. FNMTV is shown every Friday night. It shows all new never-before seen music videos and live performances. The program has had several famous guests including Lil Wayne, Jonas Brothers, Miley Cyrus, Rihanna, Maroon 5, and Katy Perry.
Other name results for FNMTV
Other possible name results for the title are FN'MTV, Friday Night MTV, Feedback New MTV, Feedback New Music Television, FN (standing for f***ing MTV) MTV, F'in MTV, or FN'MTV "Friday Night".
Knock Down the House

Knock Down the House is a 2019 American documentary movie directed by Rachel Lears. It is about the primary campaigns of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Amy Vilela, Cori Bush and Paula Jean Swearengin, four progressive Democrats supported by Justice Democrats and Brand New Congress who ran for Congress in the 2018 midterm elections.
The movie had its world premiere at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival on January 27, 2019, and it was released on May 1, 2019 by Netflix.
Sonoma County Transit

Sonoma County Transit is a public transportation system based in Sonoma County, California.
As the primary bus system with the county, the system operates lines to Petaluma, Santa Rosa, Cotati, Rohnert Park, Healdsburg, and Guerneville. It also runs one inter-county route to San Rafael in Marin County.
Cities and communities served
Sonoma County Transit is the primary bus system in the county. It operates to the following communities (listed by zones from south to north):
Sonoma Coast and Russian River:
Guerneville
Forestville
Bodega
Bodega Bay
Occidental
Rio Nido
Monte Rio
Central Sonoma County (Highway 101 corridor):
Petaluma
Cotati
Rohnert Park
Sebastopol
Santa Rosa
Windsor
Healdsburg
Geyserville
Asti
Cloverdale
Sonoma Valley:
Temelec
Sonoma
El Verano
Boyes Hot Springs
Agua Caliente
Glen Ellen
Kenwood
Oakmont
SCT also operates an inter-county route to San Rafael in Marin County. This route makes connections to Golden Gate Transit and Marin Transit services to San Francisco and the East Bay. It also connects within Marin County, as well as a route serving Sonoma County Airport north of Santa Rosa.
Kenilworth, Illinois

Kenilworth is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is north of downtown Chicago. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,513. It is the newest of the nine suburban North Shore communities bordering Lake Michigan.
Hani Mulki

Hani Fawzi Mulki (also known as Hani Mulki; ; ; born 15 October 1951) is a former Jordanian prime minister, born in Amman, the son of former Prime Minister Fawzi al-Mulki, the first prime minister under King Hussein. He assumed the presidency of the Jordanian government in two successive terms, the first from 1 June to 25 September 2016 and the second from 28 September 2016 to 14 June 2018, which are the 99th and 100th governments since the declaration of the independence of the Emirate of Transjordan. He submitted his resignation to the Jordanian king after a wave of strikes and demonstrations in the street because of his financial policies and his attempt to impose a new income tax law despite the street's rejection.
He was a former minister for several ministerial portfolios. He held the positions of Minister of Water and Irrigation, Minister of Supply, Minister of Energy, Minister of Industry and Trade, and Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2004. On November 7, 2019, a royal decree was issued appointing him as a member of the Senate, and he remains in the position.
Education
He holds a Bachelor's degree in Production Engineering from Cairo University in 1974. Then a Master's degree in Management Engineering from the United States of America in 1977. And a Ph.D. in Systems and Industry Engineering from the United States in 1979.
Political Life
Al-Mulqi was the head of the Jordanian Council in the Peace Negotiations between Jordan and the State of Israel 1994-1996. He was Jordan's ambassador to Cairo on two terms, the first (March 1, 2002 - October 24, 2004) and the second (June 1, 2008 - February 11, 2011). Then he became an advisor to King Abdullah II from April 7, 2005 until October 1, 2007.
St. Cloud, Florida

St. Cloud is a city in Osceola county Florida
History
St. Cloud was created in 1911.
Inquisition

The Inquisition was the legal agent of the Catholic Church against heresy in the Middle Ages. It did two main things. First, it issued a list (the Index) of published books banned because they contained heresy. The faithful were forbidden to read such books. Second, it prosecuted individuals thought guilty of heresy.
Later versions of the Inquisitions had the power to use torture or the threat of torture to get confessions and religious conversions. It had the power to order executions. The standard method was to burn heretics alive, or to strangle them in public. The actual deed was done by the civil authorities.
The full name of the Inquisition was the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith () of the Catholic Church. It developed in stages. The first permanent Inquisition was established in 1229. It was run by the Dominicans in Rome. In 1478 Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile set up the Spanish Inquisition.
In 1542 Pope Paul III established the Congregation of the Holy Office of the Inquisition as a tribunal staffed with cardinals and other officials. This version supervised the local Inquisitions in other countries, and also investigated important cases from Italy. The most famous case it tried was that of Galileo Galilei in 1633.
The word Inquisition comes from Latin quaerere. That means to turn, to ask a question.
Edinah Rotich

Edinah Rotich (born 27 March 1981) is a Kenyan volleyball player. She is part of the Kenyan women's national volleyball team. She competed at the 2007 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Cup, and 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.
She played for Kenya Commercial Bank and Friends Volleyball Club.
Schinznach (disambiguation)

Schinznach may refer to:
Schinznach-Bad, Aargau, Switzerland
Schinznach-Dorf, a former municipality in Aargau, Switzerland
Schinznach, a new municipality created in 2014 in Aargau, Switzerland
Bob Holland

Robert George Holland (19 October 1946 - 17 September 2017) was an Australian cricketer. He was, because of his surname, nicknamed "Dutchy". He was born in Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
Holland, who spent the majority of his cricketing life in Newcastle, was a late bloomer, and his Test debut aged 38 made him the oldest Australian debutant in more than half a century. Holland was part of the team that won the Sheffield Shield in 1982-83, 1984-85 and 1985-86. Holland finished his first class career with a season with Wellington in New Zealand's domestic league.
In April 2017, Hollan was diagnosed with brain cancer. He later died from the disease on 17 September 2017 in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia at the age of 70.
Tom Wills

Thomas Wentworth "Tom" Wills (19 August 1835 - 3 May 1880) was an Australian all-round sportsman who helped invent Australian Football and helped write the Laws of Australian Football.
Wills was born in south-east New South Wales, Australia either near Gundagai or Queanbeyan.
From the age of 14 he went to Rugby School in England. At school he played both rugby football and cricket very well. By his final year in England, he was captain of the Rugby XI and he was listed in Bells Sporting Life as being one of the most promising young cricketers in England.
In 1859, Wills was involved with others in creating a set of football rules that were like a cross between rugby, soccer and Gaelic football. He made up the game for cricketers to keep in shape during the off-season (winter). Wills had help from people who included his cousin Henry Colden Harrison, and W.J. Hammersly and J.B. Thompson. This game is now Australian Rules Football.
Wills grew up with Indigenous Australians. He spoke the language of the people who lived near him and played with the children. It has been suggested that Australian Rules Football is based in part on Marn Grook, an Aboriginal game with some similar rules to Australian Rules Football. Because the indigenous people Wills played with as a child would have played Marn Grook, Wills would have been influenced by this game when creating the rules for Australian Rules Football.
Willis was an alcoholic. He committed suicide by stabbing himself in the heart.
Antonov An-12

Antonov An-12 (Russian: Antonov An-12; NATO reporting name: Cub) is a Sofiet 4-engine turboprop transport aircraft designed by Antonov.
Gerd Zewe

Gerd Zewe (born 13 June 1950) is a former German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
Frits Bolkestein

Frederik "Frits" Bolkestein (; born 4 April 1933) is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He served as a Member of the House of Representatives from 16 January 1978, until 5 November 1982.
Northeastern United States

The Northeastern United States, or simply the North or the Northeast, is a U.S. region defined by the United States Census Bureau. It consists of the Mid-Atlantic (New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey) and New England (Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Maine). The border states of Delaware and Maryland and other states are sometimes included in other definitions of the Northeast, but the Census Bureau considers both states to be part of the Southern United States. Cities in the Northeast include Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City.
The following table provides information about the population, size (land area) and population density of states in the Northeast region as defined by the U.S. Census bureau. Population density is defined as the population divided by the area of land in the state or region. The rank column in the table shows how the states rank among the entire 50 states in population density. Note that New Jersey has the highest population density of any state and that the 4 highest density states are all in the Northeast. The rank for the Census divisions (in pink) is the rank in population density among the 9 total divisions in the country. Note that the two divisions in the Northeast (New England and Middle Atlantic) are ranked #1 and #2 in the 2013 population estimate. The South Atlantic region was close behind New England and is projected to surpass New England in the next population estimate because it is growing faster. Finally, note that the entire Northeast region is ranked #1 among the 4 Census Bureau regions. With 345.5 people per square mile, the population density of the Northeast is about 2.5 times the density or the #2 ranked region which is the South.
Wavelet

A Wavelet is a mathematical function used to write down a function or signal in terms of other functions that are simpler to study. Many signal processing tasks can be seen in terms of a wavelet transform. Informally speaking, the signal can be seen under the lens with a magnification given by the scale of the wavelet. In doing so, we can see only the information that is determined by the shape of the wavelet used.
The English term "wavelet" was introduced in the early 1980s by French physicists Jean Morlet and Alex Grossman.
They used the French word "ondelette" (which means "small wave").
Later, this word was brought into English by translating "onde" into "wave" giving "wavelet".
Wavelet is (complex) function from the Hilbert space . For practical applications it should satisfy following conditions.
It must have finite energy.
It must satisfy an admissibility condition.
, where is a Fourier transform of
Zero mean condition implies from admissibility condition.
The function is called mother wavelet. Its translated (shifted) and dilated (scaled) normalized versions are defined as following.
Original mother wavelet has parameters and . Translation is described by parameter and dilatation by parameter.
St Pancras Church, Ipswich

Saint Pancras is a Catholic church covering the town centre of Ipswich, England.
When it was built, the church was supposed to be used as the Catholic cathedral for the East of England.
Stacyville, Maine

Stacyville is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Kudamuck

Kudamuck is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India.
Language
Malayalam is the native language of Kudamuck.
Politics
Kudamuck is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency.
Weather
The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year.
Transportation
The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC).
Takayuki Nakahara

Takayuki Nakahara (born 18 November 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vegalta Sendai.
William Broomfield

William S. "Bill" Broomfield, (April 28, 1922 - February 20, 2019) was an American politician. He represented the U.S. state of Michigan in the United States House of Representatives from 1957 through 1993.
Broomfield died on February 20, 2019 in Kensington, Maryland at the age of 96.
Daniel Maldini

Daniel Maldini (born 11 October 2001) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Serie A club Milan.
Early life
Maldini was born in Milan, the second son of then A.C. Milan captain Paolo Maldini and Adriana Fossa, a model from Venezuela. His grandfather Cesare also captained Milan in the 1960s, making him the third generation to make appearances for the club. His elder brother Christian played for Milan's youth teams and went on to play professionally at a lower level.
Daniel then joined Milan's youth system in 2010.
Gwen Graham

Gwendolyn Graham (born January 31, 1963) is an American attorney and politician. Graham is the Assistant Secretary of Education for Legislation and Congressional Affairs since 2021. She was the U.S. Representative for from 2015 to 2017. She is the daughter of Bob Graham, the former United States Senator and Governor of Florida.
Graham is a Democrat. She was a candidate for Governor of Florida in the 2018 election.
In April 2021, President Joe Biden announced that Graham would be nominated to be assistant secretary of the United States Department of Education for legislation and congressional affairs. Her nomination was confirmed in the U.S. Senate on October 6, 2021 by voice vote.
Avant-garde music

Avant-garde music, or experimental music, is a type of music that is meant to push the boundaries of "what music is." It started in the 1940s and 1950s after World War II. Some famous avant-garde composers were John Cage, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Henry Cowell.
Examples of avant-garde songs
4'33"
This was a song written by John Cage that is 4 minutes and 33 seconds of complete silence. It is meant to make the audience listen to the sounds around them.
Revolution 9
This is a song by the popular English rock band The Beatles. It appeared on their album The Beatles, also known as The White Album (released in 1968.) "Revolution 9" is over 8 minutes of random sounds, and someone repeatedly saying "number 9...number 9...number 9...number 9..." It was mostly the work of John Lennon and his wife, Yoko Ono.
Hey Foxymophandlemama, That's Me
This is a song by the American grunge band Pearl Jam. It is the last song on their third album Vitalogy, released in 1994. It is over seven minutes long. It is made up of conversations between mental patients in asylums, and psychiatrists, with distorted bass guitar and drums laid over them.
Dynasty (album)

Dynasty is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on May 23, 1979.
Shanghai

Shanghai (, ; Mandarin pronunciation: ) is the biggest city in China and one of the world's largest cities. It had about 24,000,000 people in 2017. It is a special province-level city in China ("municipality"), like Beijing, Tianjin, and Chongqing.
Name
The Mandarin Chinese name of Shanghai is Shanghai, which is written as in Chinese characters. This name means "On-the-Sea" because Shanghai used to be next to the East China Sea. Today, dirt from the Yangtze River has made Pudong much bigger and downtown Shanghai is about from the open sea. The city has become so big, though, that its government now controls other areas like Pudong and Fengxian that are still beside the sea.
Shanghai's name is a little simpler than most other Chinese cities' names, because it was a small fishing village for a long time. The short way to say its name in Chinese is still Hu (). A hu was an old kind of fishing trap that was made with bamboo and nets. The people around Shanghai used to use them to catch fish and crabs in Suzhou Creek and other waterways.
Geography
Shanghai is at the mouth of the Yangtze River, where it meets the East China Sea in the middle of China's east coast. Downtown Shanghai is located just south of the place where Suzhou Creek meets the Huangpu River. This is about southwest of where the Huangpu meets the Yangtze River. The area between downtown and the Yangtze used to be farmland and other cities like Wusong and Baoshan, but now Shanghai is so big that they are part of it.
History
For most of China's history, Shanghai was a small fishing village. The big cities nearby were Suzhou and Hangzhou. Under the Ming and Qing, Shanghai had a big city wall and started to grow.
Under the Ming and the Qing, people from other countries could only buy and sell things with China on an island near Guangzhou. The British effectively controlled Shanghai from the mid 19th century until World War II. Parts of Shanghai were controlled by the UK, the US, and France. This control was ended by the Japanese during World War II.
The Chinese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai.
Landmarks
Shanghai attracts many tourists each year. Its landmarks include:
Amusement parks
Shanghai Disneyland Park, Happy Valley, Jinjiang Amusement Park
Commercial Centers
Huamu, Lujiazui, Wujiaochang, Xintiandi, Xujiahui, Zhenru
Culture venues
Hongkou Football Stadium, Pudong Football Stadium, Shanghai Library, Shanghai Grand Theater, Tianzifang arts, crafts, and folklore
Gardens
Guyi Garden, Yu Garden
Museums
Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, China Art Museum, Shanghai Natural Museum,
Nature
Sheshan, Shanghai Ocean Aquarium, Shanghai Wildlife Park
Sightseeing locations
East Nanjing Road, People's Square, Site of the First CPC National Congress, The Bund, Zhujiajiao
Temples
City God Temple of Shanghai, Confucian Temple of Shanghai, Jing'an Temple, Jade Buddha Temple, Longhua Temple, Zhenru Temple
Towers
Shanghai World Financial Center, Oriental Pearl Tower, Shanghai Tower, Jinmao Tower
Business
Shanghai is home to the China Stock Exchange, along with Shenzhen, and is the financial center of China.
Heidwiller

Heidwiller is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Kelly

Kelly may refer to:
Kelly (given name)
Kelly Ridge, California, a CDP
Benin at the Olympics

Benin has been in every Summer Olympic Games held since 1980. Benin has never won an Olympic medal. No athletes from Benin have been in any Winter Olympic Games.
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Benin is BEN. In 1964, it was DAY for Dahomey.
Western European Union

The Western European Union (WEU) was a European defence and security organization. It was set up by Treaty of Brussels of 1948, West Germany and Italy joined in 1954. It should not be confused with the European Union (EU). The WEU headquarters were in Brussels. After the Cold War its functions were gradually transferred to the European Union and the Council of Europe. It was dissolved on 31 March 2011.
Treaty of Brussels
The Treaty of Brussels was signed by the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands on March 17, 1948. It was changed on October 23, 1954 when West Germany and Italy joined.
The WEU's three main aims are:
To promote European economic recovery;
To help each other to resist any attacks or threats of attack;
To promote the unity in Europe.
The WEU was led by a Council of Ministers, helped by a Council of Permanent Representatives (ambassadors). The Parliamentary Assembly eventually had the same members as the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe). Social and cultural activities were handed to the Council of Europe to avoid duplication.
Denis Tillinac

Denis Tillinac (26 May 1947 - 26 September 2020) was a French writer and journalist. He was born in Paris. He wrote a weekly column in Valeurs actuelles. He was a close friend to President Jacques Chirac.
He was a Catholic and wrote books about the Catholic origins of France.
Tillinac died on 26 September 2020 at the age of 73.
Tourcoing

Tourcoing () is a town in the Nord department and Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in France. It is near Lille and Roubaix. There is a metro and tram line between Tourcoing and these places, which are all close to the Belgian border. There is a Napoleon III-style Hotel de ville (town hall) built in 1885.
Khamaj

Khamaj is an Hindustani classical Music based Raga which is named after Khamaj Thaat. Khamaaj is also known for having many popular Thumri's and Ghazal's composed in this raaga.
Lage

Lage is a city in the Lippe district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, approximately 8 km northwest of Detmold. It has about 36,000 inhabitants.
Asian Rowing Championships

The Asian Rowing Championship is a rowing championship organised by the Asian Rowing Federation for competitors from the Asian countries.
Senior Championships
Para events from 2015.
Lonnie Laffen

Lonnie Laffen (July 16, 1958 - December 23, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the North Dakota Senate from the 43rd District from 2010 to 2018. He was a member of the Republican party. Laffen was born in Wimbledon, North Dakota.
Laffen died of a heart attack on December 23, 2020, in Grand Forks, North Dakota at age 62.
Öland County

Oland County () was a county on the Swedish Baltic Sea island of Oland, with the seat in Borgholm. It was established in 1819, and disestablished in 1826, when it was reunited with Kalmar County.
Asnières-sur-Vègre

Asnieres-sur-Vegre is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Confident (Demi Lovato song)

"Confident" is a 2015 song by Demi Lovato and is the title track to her fifth studio album Confident. It topped the single charts in Israel and made the top 30 in New Zealand, the United States, Canada, Czech Republic and Scotland. The music video was directed by Robert Rodriguez.
Track listing
Digital download
"Confident" - 3:25
"Confident" (The Alias Remix) - 5:08
Digital remixes - EP
"Confident" (The Alias Remix) - 5:08
"Confident" (VARA Remix) - 3:38
"Confident" (Gianni Kosta Remix) - 3:48
"Confident" (Volkoder Remix) - 5:17
"Confident" (DJ Lynnwood Remix) - 4:30
Vallermosa

Vallermosa (Biddaramosa) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,932 people lived there. Its area is 61.75 km2. It is 70 meters above sea level.
Belgian Grand Prix

The Belgian Grand Prix is an motor race, part of the Formula One World Championship.
The first national race of Belgium was held in 1925 at the Spa region's race course, an area of the country that had been associated with motor sport since the very early years of racing before the turn of the century. To accommodate Grand Prix racing, the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps race course was built in 1921 but it was only used for motorcycle racing until 1924. After the 1923 success of the new 24 hours of Le Mans in France, the Spa 24 Hours, a similar 24 hour endurance race, was run at the Spa track.
Winners
Repeat winners (drivers)
Drivers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
Repeat winners (constructors)
Teams in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.
Repeat winners (engine manufacturers)
Manufacturers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.
* Built by Cosworth, funded by Ford
** Between 1999-2005 built by Ilmor, funded by Mercedes
Year by year
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.
Daphne Oxenford

Daphne Maraget du Grivel Oxenford (31 October 1919 in Barnet, North London, England- 21 December 2012 in Northwood, London, Greater London, England) was an English actress, known for her early stage roles, and later her radio and television work. She was best known for her role as original character Esther Hayes in Coronation Street.
Grace Adler

Grace Elizabeth Adler is a character from Will & Grace played by Debra Messing. She was married with doctor, Dr. Leo Markus and lived with Will and friends with Jack and Karen.
Masters of the Sea

Masters of the Sea (German: Herren der Meere) is a 1922 Austrian silent adventure movie directed by Alexander Korda and based on the novel The Pirates by Ernest Vajda. It stars Victor Varconi, Maria Corda, Dylan Vanas, Tibor Lubinszky, Gyula Szoreghy and distributed by Sascha-Film. The film was released on 3 February 1922 in Austria.
Nole

Nole is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
American Top 40

American Top 40 (usually abbreviated to AT40) is a syndicated radio program. AT40 was created by Casey Kasem in 1970.
The program is currently hosted by Ryan Seacrest and presented as an adjunct to his weekday radio program, On Air with Ryan Seacrest.
The radio show was originally a production for Watermark, Inc (later a member of ABC Radio known as ABC Watermark). It is currently a production of Premiere Networks.
Some of the songs played on AT40 had profanity or offensive content inside them. During the Shadoe Stevens era of AT40, 2 Live Crew's "Me So Horny" aired in autumn 1989.
Hip hop music was played on the AT40 mostly in the late 1980s and 1990s. It continues now.
In the 1970s, disco music aired on AT40.
No song began at #1. The closest to that happening was "Erotica" by Madonna in 1992.
Alexine Tinne

Alexandrine Pieternella Francoise Tinne, called Alexine Tinne (October 17, 1835 - August 1, 1869) was a Dutch explorer. She used her money to satisfy her curiosity about Africa. Her father died when she was ten, and she became one of the richest people in the Netherlands. Tinne is said to have been beautiful, and she was very clever. She knew several languages and was good at riding horses. She was also brave and firm.
With her mother and several scientists, Tinne first travelled down the Nile in 1863. Because of the trip, she gathered lots of scientific information, but Tinne's mother and two of the scientists died. Later, she prepared another trip across the Sahara. She took two big iron tanks of water. The Muslim people, thinking that the tanks had gold inside, attacked Tinne. They cut her with their swords, cutting off her hand so she could not use her gun. The attackers then ran away, leaving her to bleed to death. She died alone in the desert.
The church built in her memory in her hometown, The Hague, was destroyed by bombs in World War II.
Fritz Sauckel

Ernst Friedrich Christoph "Fritz" Sauckel (27 October 1894 - 16 October 1946) was a Nazi war criminal. He organized the systematic enslavement of millions from lands occupied by Nazi Germany. He was General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment from 1942 until the end of the war. He was tried and executed.
Sauckel was also honorary Obergruppenfuhrer of the SA.
Gan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Gan, Pyrenees-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Its mayor has been Mr Francis Pees (Right Wing ; also Vice President of the Communaute d'agglomeration de Pau-Pyrenees) since 2014, a former CEO of a construction company.
East Carolina University

East Carolina University (ECU) is an accredited university in Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
ECU's sports teams are called the Pirates. They joined the American Athletic Conference in July 2014.
Hermine Karagheuz

Hermine Karagheuz (2 December 1938 Paris - 30 April 2021 Paris) was a French-Armenian actress, writer and photographer.
She debuted in 1967 in Monsieur Fugue . She was Eponime in the 1972 mini-series Les Miserables.
Daniela Peštová

Daniela Pestova is a Czech model.
She was on the cover of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue in 1995, 2000 and 2006.
After she started to work for the brand in 1996, she became a Victoria's Secret Angel from 1997 to 2001. During their fashion show in 1998, she wore the Dream Angel Fantasy Bra, worth $5,000,000.
Justice League Dark

The Justice League Dark is a fictional superhero team featured in the DC Comics. It is a team that is filled with Justice League's supernatural world.
Justice League Dark originally featured John Constantine, Madame Xanadu, Deadman, Shade the Changing Man, and Zatanna, eventually being joined by prominent members such as Swamp Thing and Wonder Woman.
The team debuted in Justice League Dark #1 (September 2011) and was created by Peter Milligan.
Across the Pacific

Across the Pacific is a 1942 American World War II romantic adventure movie directed by John Huston and Vincent Sherman and was based on the 1941 short story Aloha Means Good-bye by Robert Carson. It stars Humphrey Bogart, Mary Astor, Sydney Greenstreet, Kam Tong, Charles Halton, Roland Got, Frank Wilcox, Lester Matthews, Roland Drew and was distributed by Warner Bros..
Bad Grönenbach

Bad Gronenbach is a market town in Unterallgau in Bavaria, Germany. It belongs to the region of Upper Swabia and the headquarters of the community association of the same name.
Pole Position (video game)

Pole Position is an arcade racing video game released by Namco in 1982 and designed by Toru Iwatani. In this game, the player controls a Formula One race car. The player completes a time trial lap to be able to compete in an F1 race at the Fuji Racetrack. After completing the time trial race, the player races against other cars in a championship race. The player has to complete the race in the time allowed. They have to avoid crashing into the other cars and objects along the side of the track.
The game was the highest selling arcade game of 1983 in North America. It sold over 21,000 machines for $61 million. It has been released for many video game consoles as part of Namco game collections, including the PlayStation, Nintendo 64, Nintendo GameCube, and Xbox.
In 1983, a sequel called Pole Position II was released. It features three new tracks in addition to the one from the first game.
First Epistle of John

The First Epistle of John is the sixty-second book in the Christian Bible, and the twenty-third in the New Testament.
This book is believed to a letter from John.
There is some disagreement over whether the John who wrote the letters of John, the John who wrote The Gospel of John, and the John who wrote the Book of Revelation are the same person.
This letter was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95-110. It was written to show that Jesus really came "in the flesh", and not only as a spirit, as some false teachers were saying. John says they are "anti-Christ", meaning against Christ. This false teaching is known as docetism. It says that Jesus only seemed to be a human person with a real body. John's letter says that Christians can tell if teachers are true. True teachers will say that say that Jesus came in the flesh. True teachers are also known by their ethics, and by their love.
John wrote the letter so that the joy of his readers would "be full" (Chapter 1, verse 4).
Also he says that as true Christians they would "not practice sin" (keep sinning) (Chapter 2, verse 1); that "we should love one another" (Chapter 3, verse 11); and that "you who believe in the name of the Son of God... may know that you have eternal life." (Chapter 5, verse 13). So we see that the aim of the letter was to make the Christians more full of joy, and also to help readers to know if they are really saved.
Barbara Carroll

Barbara Carroll (born Barbara Carole Coppersmith; January 25, 1925 - February 11, 2017) was an American jazz pianist and singer. Her career began in 1947. She was best known for her jazz trio, which had Benny Goodman in the line up. She also performed piano on Broadway plays. She was born in Worcester, Massachusetts
Carroll died on February 11, 2017, at the age of 92.
Luis Villafuerte

Luis Robredo Villafuerte Sr. (August 29, 1935 - September 8, 2021) was a Filipino politician. She was Governor of Camarines Sur from 1986 until 1992 and again from 1995 until 2004. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 2004 to 2013. He was also the Minister of Trade from 1979 until 1981. Villafuerte was born in Taguig, Philippines.
Villafuerte died on September 8, 2021 in Taguig at the age of 86.
Atlanta Dream

The Atlanta Dream are an American professional basketball team. They are based in Atlanta, Georgia. The team was made in 2008. The Dream plays basketball in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). They are in the WNBA's Eastern Conference. The team is owned by Larry Gottesdiener, Suzanne Abair and Renee Montgomery. Montgomery was a member of the Dream in 2019. The Dream is not related to the Atlanta Hawks, the NBA team that is also in Atlanta. When they play basketball in Atlanta, the Dream plays at the Gateway Center Arena in College Park, Georgia.
As of 2023, the team has gone to the WNBA Playoffs eight times. They have gone to the WNBA Finals three times. In 2010, they lost the Finals to the Seattle Storm. In 2011 and 2013, they lost to the Minnesota Lynx.
Pelagie Islands

The Pelagie Islands are three islands in the Mediterranean. They are Lampedusa, Linosa and Lampione. They are between Malta and Tunisia. They are part of the African continent but belong to Italy.
Because of deforestation, the islands are very barren. In the past they lived on agriculture, but nowadays they live on fishing and tourism.
Huncho Jack

Huncho Jack is an American hip hop duo. The members are Houston-based rapper/producer/singer Travis Scott and Atlanta-based rapper/producer/singer Quavo of Migos. The group was formed in 2016. In December 2017, the duo released their first album titled Jack Huncho, Huncho Jack.
The group's name comes from Quavo's nickname "Huncho" and Travis Scott's legal first name Jacques (the French equivalent of Jack in English).
Feng shui

Feng Shui () is a Chinese system of luck. It has to do with the laws which help one improve luck.
Feng Shui means "wind and water" in Chinese. Invented by the Taoists, many people implement its philosophies in their everyday lives. Feng Shui has five basic "elements", they are: Fire, Earth, Metal, Water, and Wood. These elements are set up in a specific way so that it shows Fire makes Earth, Earth creates Metal, Metal holds Water, Water nurtures Wood, and Wood feeds Fire. Also, Earth dams Water, Water extinguishes Fire, Fire melts Metal, Metal cuts Wood, and Wood consumes Earth.
Farringdon Road

Farringdon Road is a road in Clerkenwell, London.
Daisuke Yoneyama

Daisuke Yoneyama (born 10 June 1982) is a former Japanese football player.
Meng Tian

Meng Tian (; ? - 210 BC ) was a Chinese general of the Qin Dynasty under Emperor Qin Shi Huang. His grandfather, Meng Ao, and his father, Meng Wu, were generals as well. After the unification of China, Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered Meng Tian leading 300,000 armies to attack the Xiongnu and build the Great Wall of China. Meng Tian was forced by the eunuch, Zhao Gao, to kill himself by drinking poisonous wine after the death of Emperor Qin Shi Haung.