kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Whistle (Flo Rida song)

"Whistle" is an electropop song by American rapper Flo Rida and is the third single from his fourth studio album Wild Ones. The song was released on April 24, 2012. It topped the single charts in Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. It also went to number 2 in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Lebanon and the United Kingdom and number 3 in Denmark, Finland and Italy.
Track listing
Digital download
"Whistle" - 3:45
CD single
"Whistle" - 3:48
"Wild Ones" (Alex Guesta remix) - 6:59
Birth of Christianity

The history of Christianity concerns the Christian religion, Christian countries, and the Christians with their various denominations, from the 1st century to the present.
Christianity originated with the ministry of Jesus, a Jewish teacher and healer who proclaimed the imminent kingdom of God and was crucified c. AD 30-33 in Jerusalem in the Roman province of Judea. His followers believe that, according to the Gospels, he was the Son of God and that he died for the forgiveness of sins and was raised from the dead and exalted by God, and will return soon at the inception of God's kingdom.
The earliest followers of Jesus were apocalyptic Jewish Christians. The inclusion of gentiles in the developing early Christian Church caused a schism between Judaism and Jewish Christianity during the first two centuries of the Christian Era. In 313, Emperor Constantine I issued the Edict of Milan legalizing Christian worship. In 380, with the Edict of Thessalonica put forth under Theodosius I, the Roman Empire officially adopted Trinitarian Christianity as its state religion, and Christianity established itself as a predominantly Roman religion in the state church of the Roman Empire. Christological debates about the human and divine nature of Jesus consumed the Christian Church for two centuries, and seven ecumenical councils were called to resolve these debates. Arianism was condemned at the First Council of Nicea (325), which supported the Trinitarian doctrine as expounded in the Nicene Creed.
Rush (band)

Rush was a Canadian rock band. They formed in the late 1960s in Toronto. The last and longest members of the group were Geddy Lee, the singer, who also plays the bass guitar and synthesizers, Alex Lifeson, who plays the guitar, and Neil Peart, who played the drums. In 2013 Rush were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Bengalis

The Bengali people are the main ethnic group in the region of Bengal (now divided between Bangladesh and the Republic of India) in South Asia. They speak Bengali (baaNlaa Bangla), a language of the eastern branch of the Indo-Aryan languages.
They are natively concentrated in the nation of Bangladesh and in the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura. Some of the most well established Bengali communities are in the Middle East, Japan, Malaysia, United Kingdom and United States.
Remnants of civilisation in the greater Bengal region date back 4,000 years, when the region was settled by Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic peoples. The origin of the word Bangla ~ Bengal is unknown, but it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang that settled in the area around the year 1000 BC.
After the arrival of Indo-Aryans, the kingdoms around Bengal were first described in the Atharvaveda about 1000 BC. From the 6th century BC, Magadha expanded to include most of the Bihar and Bengal regions. It was one of the four main kingdoms of India at the time of Buddha. Magadha extended over nearly all of South Asia, including parts of Persia and Afghanistan, reaching its greatest extent under the Buddhist emperor Ashoka the Great in the 3rd century BC. One of the earliest foreign references to Bengal is the mention of a land ruled by the king Xandrammes named Gangaridai by the Greeks around 100 BC. The word is speculated to have come from Gangahrd (Land with the Ganges in its heart) in reference to an area in Bengal. Later from the 3rd to the 6th centuries AD, the kingdom of Magadha served as the seat of the Gupta Empire.
Mid-Continent oil province

The Mid-continent oil field is a big area that has hundreds of oil fields in Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. The area, which has various geological strata and diverse trap types, was discovered and used during the first half of the 20th century. Most of the crude oil found in the onshore mid-continent oil field is the mixed base or intermediate type (a mix of paraffin base and asphalt base crude oil types).
Prémilhat

Premilhat is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
Black-hooded antshrike

The black-hooded antshrike (Thamnophilus bridgesi) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.
It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. As its name, males are mostly black, with three rows of well-marked white spots on the wings. However, females are usually brown, and only its tail is black.
Clifford D. Simak

Clifford Donald Simak (August 3, 1904 - April 25, 1988) was an American science fiction writer. He received three Hugo Awards and one Nebula Award. He was named the third Grand Master by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) in 1977.
Biography
Simak was born in Millville, Wisconsin to parent's John Lewis and Margaret (Wiseman) Simak. He married Agnes Kuchenberg on April 13, 1929. They had two children, Scott and Shelley. Simak attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He later worked at various newspapers in the Midwest. He began to work with the Minneapolis Star and Tribune (in Minneapolis, Minnesota). This went from 1939 to his retirement in 1976.
Writing career
Simak became interested in science fiction after reading the works of H. G. Wells as a child. He started writing for science fiction pulp magazines in 1931. The only science-fiction piece that he published between 1933 and 1937 was The Creator (Marvel Tales #4, March-April 1935).
In late 1937, Simak returned to science fiction. He was a regular contributor to Astounding Stories during the Golden Age of Science Fiction (1938-1950). His first publications, such as Cosmic Engineers (1939), were in the style of the earlier superscience type. He soon made his own style, which is usually described as gentle and pastoral. During this period, Simak also published a number of war and western stories in pulp magazines. His best known novel may be City, a collection of short stories with a common theme of mankind's eventual leaving from Earth.
Simak continued to write award-nominated novels during the 1950s and 1960s. Helped by a friend, he continued writing and publishing science fiction and, later, fantasy, into his 80s.
Fenchurch Street railway station

Fenchurch Street Station is a main London Terminal. It is operated by c2c. All c2c services arrive and depart from the station. It is the main London Terminus for c2c.
Mirepeix

Mirepeix is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Manfred Burgsmüller

Manfred "Manni" Burgsmuller (22 December 1949 - 18 May 2019) was a German footballer. He played as a striker and sometimes as a midfielder.
Burgsmuller was born in Essen. He appeared in 447 Bundesliga games over the course of 17 seasons, scoring 213 goals. He played mainly for Borussia Dortmund and Werder Bremen. He also played Rot-Weiss Essen, Bayer Uerdingen, 1. FC Nurnberg and Rot-Weiss Oberhausen. He also played three games for West Germany. After retirement, he played as a kicker in American football.
Burgsmuller died in Essen on 18 May 2019, at the age of 69.
Surry, Virginia

Surry, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Scrap

Scrap is a term used to describe recyclable materials left over from manufacturing and product consumption. It includes parts of vehicles, building supplies, and surplus materials. Often confused with waste, scrap in fact has significant monetary value.
Overall, the scrap industry processes more than of recyclable material each year into raw material feedstock for industrial manufacturing around the world. One example is scrap steel. Scrap is mainly reused to make other items. Plastic, for example, is melted down into new shapes. A water bottle may have been part of a computer once.
Recycling
Waste management
Scrap is very valuable. Some scrap is stolen for its worth, like copper wires and pans. This is a crime in some countries, and many investigations are focused on issues with legitimate metal trading. Totaled cars are often also sold for the metal inside. They are crushed, melted into smaller ingots and cylinders, then shipped to a manufacturer of metal goods that paid for that scrap metal. For developed metals to become scrap metal, it needs to be unused and useless in the form it's in. Only then do people shred and melt metal to be used for other things.
Large format lens

A large format lens is a lens that can be used on a large format camera. These cameras usually cover an area of 4x5 inches or more. The picture taken is then recorded on photographic film, or as a digital image.
Palato-alveolar ejective affricate

The palato-alveolar ejective affricate is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Led Zeppelin

Led Zeppelin was an English rock band. The group was started in 1968 and broke up in 1980. The members were Robert Plant (vocals), Jimmy Page (lead guitar), John Paul Jones (bass), and John Bonham (drums). Led Zeppelin ended in 1980 after the accidental death of John Bonham. After Bonham's death, the band believed that nobody could take his place and decided not to continue. The band played together again in a tribute concert in London on 10 December 2007 with Jason Bonham, John's son, playing the drums. The band is one of the most influential rock bands of all time and one of the most successful music artists in history, selling 300 million albums around the world.
Pesticide

A pesticide is a chemical that is used to kill or prevent small animals (or organisms) which are considered to be unwanted. These organisms are called pests. Some of these pests that people do not want are insects, microbes that destroy plants, and other things that affect humans in a bad way and it may kill humans too. Many pesticides are poisonous, and are bad for not only the organisms they kill, but for humans too. A pesticide also affects the environment
and the atmosphere.
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants lists chemicals that are very hard to destroy, or very toxic. In total, twelve chemicals are listed. Nine of them can be used as pesticides.
Types of Pesticides
There are different types of pesticides for getting rid of different pests.
Herbicides kill weeds
Insecticides kill insects that eat plants and crops
Fungicides kill any bad fungi
Effects of Pesticides
Pesticides are used to kill pests, but many are bad for human health. They may pollute water, and go into rivers, lakes, and ponds. This will cause acid rain, and organisms living in the water can get sick and die, because the water where they live has more acid.
Pesticide is very bad for animals, especially amphibians.
Alternatives
In many cases, there are alternatives to the use of (chemical) pesticides. These include:
Use of genetic engineering
Release of other organisms to control the pests, such as predators or parasites. That way, ducks can be used in rice fields to act against snails, for example
Some foods can be processed and used to control certain pest
Use of polycultures, that is growing many different crops together, rather than just one crop.
Pat Robertson

Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (March 22, 1930 - June 8, 2023) was an American evangelist and host of the 700 Club, a Christian news and talk show on television. He ran for President in 1988 against George H.W. Bush, but did not win the primaries. He said several times that natural disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina and the 2010 Haiti earthquake, were punishments from God.
Robertson died at his home in Virginia Beach, Virginia on June 8, 2023 at the age of 93.
Aurach bei Kitzbühel

Aurach bei Kitzbuhel is a municipality of the district of Kitzbuhel in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Francis Arinze

Francis Arinze (born 1 November 1932) is a Nigerian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, having served as prefect from 2002 to 2008.
He is the Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni (succeeding Joseph Ratzinger, who became Pope Benedict XVI) since 2005. Arinze was one of the principal advisors to Pope John Paul II, and was thought papabile before the 2005 papal conclave, which elected Benedict XVI.
Sésamo

Plaza Sesamo is the Venezuelan version of the Sesame Street television show. It was first shown in Venezuela in 1972.
Great hall

A great hall was the main room of a royal palace, a nobleman's castle or a large manor house in the Middle Ages. At that time the word great meant big. Great halls were found in France, England and Scotland and some other European countries.
Appearance
A great hall was a rectangular room between 1.5 and 3 times as long as it was wide, and also higher than it was wide. At night some members of the household might sleep on the floor of the great hall.
Examples
Two very large surviving royal halls are Westminster Hall and the Wenceslas Hall in Prague Castle. Penshurst Place in Kent, England has a hall from the 14th century. There are lots of 16th century and early 17th century halls in England, Wales and Scotland, for example those at Longleat (England), Burghley House (England), Bodysgallen Hall (Wales), Muchalls Castle (Scotland) and Crathes Castle (Scotland); however, by the late 1700s the great hall was beginning to lose its purpose over time.
Gender Recognition Act 2004

The Gender Recognition Act 2004 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that allows people who have gender dysphoria to change their legal gender. It came into effect on 4 April 2005.
The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) appreciated the challenges to married transsexual people and their partners presented by Schedule 2 of the Act and in a recent submission to government they recommend:
The government amends the Gender Recognition Act to allow for the automatic conversion of a marriage into a civil partnership upon one member of the couple obtaining a gender recognition certificate.
Gambell, Alaska

Gambell is a town in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is on St. Lawrence Island.
Idle Hands

Idle Hands is a 1999 American comedy-horror movie starring Devon Sawa, Seth Green, and Jessica Alba with Elden Henson and Vivica A. Fox. It follows the life of a teen whose hand becomes possessed and goes on a killing spree, even after being cut off from his arm. The film was delayed in its release because of the Columbine massacre.
Interstate 465

Interstate 465 (I-465), also known as the USS Indianapolis Memorial Highway, is the beltway circling Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It has a perimeter of approximately . It lies almost completely within the boundaries of Marion County. It intersects with I-65, I-69, I-70, and I-74, and provides additional access to I-65 via I-865.
Clytus arietis

Clytus arietis, the wasp beetle is a wasp-mimicking longhorn beetle species in the genus Clytus.Clytus arietis at the Watford Coleoptera Group website
Medellín, Spain

Medellin is a village in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. It is notable as the birthplace of Hernan Cortes in 1485 and the site of the Battle of Medellin, during the Peninsular War.
The city was named after the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius who founded it as a military base for his operations in western Iberia. It was originally called Metellinum.
Takashi Kano

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kano was born in Tokyo Metropolis on October 31, 1920. He played for Waseda WMW which was consisted of his alma mater Waseda University players and graduates. In 1940, he won the 2nd place at 1940 Emperor's Cup. This tournament was the last Emperor's Cup before the war because Emperor's Cup was suspended for World War II from 1941 to 1945.
In March 1951, when Kano was 30 years old, he was selected the Japan national team for Japan team first game after World War II, 1951 Asian Games. At this competition, on March 7, he debuted against Iran. He also played at 1954 Asian Games and scored 2 goals. He played 7 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 1954.
On June 4, 2000, Kano died of heart failure in Ota, Tokyo at the age of 79.
SharePoint

SharePoint is a web-based collaborative platform that integrates natively with Microsoft Office. Launched in 2001, SharePoint is primarily sold as a document management and storage system, but the product is highly configurable and its usage varies substantially among organizations.
According to Microsoft, SharePoint had 200 million users.
History
Origins
SharePoint evolved from projects codenamed "Office Server" and "Tahoe" during the Office XP development cycle.
"Office Server" evolved out of the FrontPage and Office Server Extensions and "Team Pages". It targeted simple, bottom-up collaboration.
"Tahoe", built on shared technology with Exchange and the "Digital Dashboard", targeted top-down portals, search and document management. The searching and indexing capabilities of SharePoint came from the "Tahoe" feature set. The search and indexing features were a combination of the index and crawling features from the Microsoft Site Server family of products and from the query language of Microsoft Index Server.
GAC-(Global Assembly Cache) is used to accommodate the shared assemblies that are specifically designated to be shared by applications executed on a system.
Versions
Successive versions (in chronological order):
Office Server Extensions
SharePoint Portal Server 2001
SharePoint Team Services
Windows SharePoint Services 2.0 (free license)
SharePoint Portal Server 2003
Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 (free license)
Microsoft Office SharePoint Server (MOSS) 2007
SharePoint Foundation 2010 (free), SharePoint Server 2010 (commercial extension for Foundation), and SharePoint Enterprise 2010 (commercial extension for Server)
SharePoint Foundation 2013 (free), SharePoint Server 2013 (extension on top of Foundation), and SharePoint Enterprise 2013.
SharePoint Online (Plan 1 & 2).
SharePoint Server 2016 and SharePoint Enterprise 2016.
SharePoint Server 2019 and SharePoint Enterprise 2019.
Notable changes in SharePoint 2010
Changes in end-user functionality added in the 2010 version of SharePoint include:
New UI with Fluent Ribbon, using wiki-pages rather than 'web-part pages' and offering multi-browser support.
New social profiles, and early social networking features
Central Administration rebuilt.
Restructure of "Shared Service Providers" - Introduction of "Service Applications" SOA model.
Sandboxed Solutions and a client-side object-model APIs for JavaScript, Silverlight, and .NET applications
Business Connectivity Services, Claims-based Authentication, and Windows PowerShell support
Notable changes in SharePoint 2013
Cross-browser drag & drop support for file uploads/changes, and Follow/Share buttons
OneDrive for Business (initially SkyDrive Pro) replaces MySites and Workspaces.
Updates to social network feature & new task aggregation tool.
Database caching, called Distributed Cache Service
Content-aware switching, called Management
Audit center (service called eDiscovery)
Rebuilt and improved search capabilities
Removal of some analytics capabilities
UI: JSLink, MDS, theme packs. No WYSIWYG in SP Designer.
Homeostasis

Homeostasis is self-regulation, a basic property of all self-organising systems. In biology, it is the keeping of a stable internal environment.
Homeostasis is life's ability to stay balanced, when the environment changes. Animals keep their body in a stable condition. They do so by regulating their inner equilibrium . For example, they adjust their pH, temperature, amount of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the blood and so on. In living things, the study of how they keep in a stable condition is called physiology. Mostly, our physiology works unconsciously throughout life. We have many negative feedback systems which adjust our physiology so that we stay alive. These systems are self-organising and do not need to be learnt. They are inherited.
The concept was described by Claude Bernard, and the term was later coined by Walter Cannon in 1926, 1929, and 1932. Walter Cannon thought these were the features of homeostasis:
Constancy in an open system, such as our bodies, is done by mechanisms which maintain this constancy. Cannon based this on insights into the ways by which steady states such as glucose concentrations, body temperature and acid-base balance were regulated.
To keep a steady-state condition, any change automatically meets with factors that resist change. An increase in blood salt results in thirst as the body attempts to dilute the concentration of salt in the extracellular fluid.
The regulating system doing homeostasis has a number of cooperating mechanisms which act simultaneously or successively. Blood sugar is regulated by insulin, glucagons, and other hormones that control its release from the liver or its uptake by the tissues.
Examples of homeostasis:
The operation of a thermostat
The regulation of water and minerals in the body
The regulation of body temperature: mammals and birds have complicated systems which keep their body temperature within close limits.
In mammals, the main organs involved with homeostasis are:
The hypothalamus and pituitary gland
the lungs
the skin
the muscles
the kidneys
the liver and pancreas
The brain is also central to homeostasis. It controls behaviour, and the basic function of behaviour is to support life by taking action.
National Alliance on Mental Illness

The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), formerly known as the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, is an American non-profit national advocacy organization founded in 1979 for people affected by serious mental illnesses and their families. NAMI has over 200,000 members, offices in all 50 states, and 1200 affiliates across the United States. NAMI is a :en:grassroots organization that is run primarily by volunteers.
NAMI Family-to-Family
The NAMI Family-to-Family Education Program is a free 12-week course targeted toward family and friends of individuals with mental illness. The courses are taught by a NAMI-trained family member of a person diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. Family-to-Family is taught in 44 states, and two provinces in Canada. The program was developed by Clinical Psychologist Joyce Burland, PhD.
Purpose
The Family-to-Family program provides general information about mental illness and how it is currently treated. The programs cover mental illnesses including schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, etc.), as well as the benefits and side effects of medications. Family-to-Family, like the rest of NAMI programs, takes a biologically-based approach to explaining mental illness and its treatments.
In addition to providing information on mental illness, the Family-to-Family program teaches coping skills and the power of advocacy to students. Empathy is hoped to be gained by students' better understanding of the subjective experience of living with a mental illness. Special workshops also teach problem solving, listening, and communication techniques. Family-to-Family also provides advocacy support, offering family members guidance on locating support and services within surrounding areas, and information on current advocacy initiatives dedicated to improving available services.
Evidence based
The NAMI Family-to-Family program has been shown to empower families in the way they solve internal problems, and reduced the anxiety of participants in randomized controlled trials, a finding which was shown to persist 6 months later. These studies confirm preliminary findings that Family-to-Family graduates describe a permanent transformation in the understanding and engagement with mental illness in themselves and their family. Because a :en:randomized controlled trial is at risk of poor :en:external validity by :en:confirmation bias, Dixon and colleges sought out to strengthen the evidence basis by confirming the benefits attributed to Family-to-Family with a subset of individuals who declined participation during initial studies
Program origins
The NAMI Family-to-Family program was found to be effective in increasing schizophrenia patient caregivers' self-efficacy while reducing a subjective burden and need for information. In light of recent research, Family-to-Family was added to the National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices.
Grimma

Grimma is a town on the banks of the river Mulde in northwestern Saxony, Germany. It is about southeast of the city of Leipzig.
Adenoid

Adenoids (also called pharyngeal tonsils, or nasopharyngeal tonsils) are tissues at the very back of the nose. They are in the part of the nose where is joins the mouth.
In most children they make a soft bump on the top and back section of the nose's air passage.
Taking away adenoids with surgery is called adenoidectomy.
Honda Odyssey

The Honda Odyssey is a minivan that has been made by Honda since 1994. From 1994 to 1999, it was also sold as the Isuzu Oasis. A larger version of the minivan has been available since 1999 in North America. It was redesigned in 2005, 2011, and 2018. The 2015 model was awarded the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety's top rated pick because of its collision avoidance system.
Shyok River

The Shyok River is a river flowing through Disputed Area Ladakh and the Northern Areas of Pakistan (Ghanche District). Shyok river (a tributary of the Indus) originates from the Rimo glacier, one of the tongues of Siachen Glacier and becomes very wide at the confluence with the Nubra River (a tributary of Shyok, originating from Siachen Glacier).
The alignment of the Shyok river is very unusual, originating from the Rimo glacier it flows in a SE direction and at joining the Pangong range it takes a NW turn and flows parallel to its previous path. The Shyok flowing in a wide valley suddenly enters a narrow gorge after Chalunka and then joins the Indus at Skardu (Pakistan). The Nubra river originating from the Siachen glacier also behaves like the Shyok, before Tirit the SE flowing river takes a NW turn on meeting the river Shyok. The similarity in the courses of these two important rivers probably indicates a series of palaeo fault lines trending NW-SE in delimiting the upper courses of the rivers. The importance of the Indus River and the Shyok rivers is in the deposition of a huge thickness of Quaternary sediments a treasure trove for geology researchers.
Tributaries
The Chang Chen Mo River is formed in the vicinity of Pamzal in Changchinmo plains of Disputed Area Ladakh and flows westward. It ends when it empties into the Shyok River.
The Galwan River is in the southern part of Disputed Area Aksai Chin, Galwan originates in the area of Samzungling and flowing to the west joins the Shyok River.
The Nubra River is a tributary of the Shyok River, which flows into the Indus River. It flows in the Disputed Area Ladakh area of Disputed Area Jammu and Kashmir.
The Saltoro River begins in the skirts of the Saltoro Kangri peak ridge and flows to the southwest. Another branch starts from the slopes of the Masherbroom peak and flows to the south to join Saltoro. In the end this river empties into Shyok River near the coldest part of Pakistan the town of Khaplu.
Jerry Pournelle

Jerry Eugene Pournelle (; August 7, 1933 - September 8, 2017) was an American science fiction writer, essayist, and journalist. He contributed for many years to the computer magazine Byte. Pournelle served as President of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 1973.
The Massacre at Paris

The Massacre at Paris is a play by Christopher Marlowe. It is thought to be his last play, and probably written about 1593. Massacre is about the slaughter of Protestants on Saint Bartholomew's Day in Paris in 1572. The text is significantly flawed, and is likely an actor's recollection of the play rather than the text as Marlowe actually wrote it. What is left of the play is violent and full of jokes about stabbing and murder. As it stands, the play is impossible to perform without extensive alterations.
Division of Kooyong

The Division of Kooyong is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It was one of the divisions for the first Federal election in 1901. It includes the suburbs of Kew, Hawthorn, Hawthorn East, Balwyn, Canterbury, Camberwell and Surrey Hills. It is named after the suburb of Kooyong. Kooyong is an Indigenous Australian word meaning resting place. Because of boundary changes over the years, the suburb of Kooyong is no longer in the Division and is now in the Division of Higgins.
Members
Kooyong has been held by non-Labor parties since 1901. Famous members include the Opposition Leader and later Chief Justice John Latham, Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies and Opposition Leader Andrew Peacock.
Abdullah of Saudi Arabia

Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al Saud, ( ) (1 August 1924 - 23 January 2015) was the King of Saudi Arabia from 1 August 2005 until his death in 23 January 2015. He became king upon the death of his half-brother, King Fahd. He was the tenth son of Ibn Saud.
Abdullah died from complications of pneumonia at the age of 90. His half-brother Salman took his place as king.
James–Lange theory

The James-Lange Theory is a hypothesis about emotions. It is one of the earliest theories of emotion. The theory is that emotions come from the physiological response to what is happening around us.
It was developed independently by two 19th-century scholars, William James and Carl Lange. The basic idea of the theory is that physiological arousal triggers the experience of a specific emotion. The theory is that the physiological change is primary, and emotion is caused by the information from the body's nervous system.
The theory has been criticised and modified over the course of time. There are several competing theories.
Marjane Satrapi

Marjane Satrapi is a writer and artist. She was born on November 22, 1969 in Rasht, Iran. She lives in Paris, France. Satrapi writes comics about her life. She draws the pictures herself. She also draws pictures for other children's books.
Education and Early Life
She was the only child of Marxist parents.
Satrapi's parents were educated, and taught Satrapi to think for herself. She went to high school at Lycee Francais in Tehran, Iran. When she was 14, Satrapi's parents sent her to Vienna, Austria to learn in a freer country. When Satrapi was 19, she moved back to Iran to study decorative arts at the Tehran School of Fine Arts. The change from the western world to Iran was difficult for her. In 1994, Satrapi moved to Strasbourg, France to study art for 3 years. She now lives in Paris, France.
Beliefs
Satrapi thinks countries should not spend money on weapons. She thinks they should spend money for kids to go to school in different countries. She thinks that studying in different countries helps people understand each other better.
In RandomHouse.com, Satrapi said, "I believe there are ways to solve the world's problems. Instead of putting all this money to create arms, I think countries should invest in scholarships for kids to study abroad [other countries]. Perhaps they could become good and knowledgeable professors in their own countries. You need time for that kind of change, though."
Writing and the War
Iran's Islamic Revolution against the Shah, the country's dictator, started in 1979. Satrapi's uncle was put in prison by the Shah, then murdered by people who supported the war.
Satrapi wrote a popular series of comics called Persepolis. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood, tells about Satrapi's life, the discrimination she faced, and moving to Europe. She later wrote a sequel to Persepolis that talked about how she was treated badly for years when she went back to Iran.
Satrapi's most famous book is called Persepolis.
Persepolis is the old Persian capital. The comic book is about Satrapi's childhood in Iran during the war. This time was when country wanted to end the Shah's cruel rule. She has written three comic books relating to her life. The first and second are about her childhood. The third is about her study in different countries. She is planning to write a fourth book about her return to Iran.
Nicolo Turco

Nicolo Turco (15 January 2004 in Tortona) is an Italian football player. He plays as forward for the Austrian 2nd league team FC Liefering on loan from FC Red Bull Salzburg.
Career
Turco started his career at CFC Genoa. For the 2018/19 season he went to the youth team of Juventus Turin. He played for the Primavera team from the 2021/22 season on. He also played in the 2021/22 and 2022/23 UEFA Youth League seasons.
In July 2023, he went to the Austrian Bundesliga club FC Red Bull Salzburg. In Salzburg he was loaned to FC Liefering. He made his debut in the second division in the same month when he came on for Luka Reischl in the 45th minute against FC Dornbirn 1913 on the first day of the 2023/24 season.
National team
Turco played for an Italian youth national team for the first time in February 2019. In September 2022 he made his debut for the U-19 team. With that he also took part in the EM in 2023. He became European champion with Italy. He played in all games except the final.
Eric Yarrow

Sir Eric Grant Yarrow, 3rd Baronet, MBE, DL, FRSE (23 April 1920 - 22 September 2018) was a British businessman. He was born in Surrey, England.
After serving during World War II, he worked at Yarrow Shipbuilders, in 1946, later becoming President of Yarrow plc until 1987, and was Chairman of Clydesdale Bank from 1985 to 1991.
Yarrow was appointed a Vice-President of RINA in 1972 as well as serving as Prime Warden of the Shipwrights' Company (1970-71), among other charitable activities.
Yarrow was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for military service in 1946.
Yarrow died on 22 September 2018 at the age of 98.
Vieux-Reng

Vieux-Reng is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 881 people lived there.
The Bible: In the Beginning

The Bible: In the Beginning is a 1966 Italian American epic religious drama movie directed by John Houston (who also stars) and was based on the first 22 chapters of The Bible. Also starring Michael Parks, Ava Gardener, Peter O'Toole, Richard Harris, George C. Scott, Franco Nero, Stephen Boyd, Ulla Bergryd, Claudie Lange, Anna Orso, Pupella Maggio and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1967.
Nicolas Byron

Sir Nicolas Byron KB (1416-1503) was an English nobleman, politician, and knight. He was the younger son of Sir John Byron (died 1450). He was created a Knight of the Bath by Arthur, Prince of Wales on the occasion of Prince Arthur's marriage on 14 November 1501.
Sir Nicholas Byron married Joan Bushler, a daughter of Sir John Bushler of Haugham, Lincolnshire and Elizabeth Berkeley. He was the father of Sir John Byron (died 1567). Joan survived her husband and married Sir Gervase Clifton of Clifton, Nottingham.
Wexford County, Michigan

Wexford County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 33,673 people live here. The county seat is Cadillac.
Ugni

Ugni is a genus of plants of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). Four species belong to this genus, all from western America.
Description
They are small evergreen shrubs. The leaves are simple, entire, opposite, elliptical; they are 1-2 cm long and 0.2-2.5 cm broad, dark green, and with a spicy scent if broken into many small pieces.
The solitary flowers are usually hanging; they are 1-2 cm diameter with four or five white or pale pink petals and many short stamens. The fruit is a small red or purple berry, 1 cm in diameter, with many seeds.
Name
The name comes from Uni with which the Mapuches (native people from south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina) name the fruits of the best known species of the genus, Ugni molinae.
The genus was formerly often included in either Myrtus or Eugenia; it is distinguished from these two genera by the hanging flowers with stamens shorter than the petals.
The Russian botanist Nicolai Stepanowitsch Turczaninow created the genus Ugni in 1849.
Where it grows
All species of this genus are found in western South and Central America, native from southern Mexico to central southern Chile and Argentina.
Species
There are four species in this genus:'
Ugni candollei (Barneoud) O.Berg: Chile
Ugni molinaeTurcz.: Chile and Argentina
Ugni myricoides (Kunth) O.Berg: Southern Mexico, Central America to Bolivia, Venezuela and northern Brazil
Ugni selkirkii (Hook. & Arn.) O.Berg: Endemic species of the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile
Uses
Ugni molinae is grown as an ornamental plant and for its edible fruits; these fruits are also used to make jams.
Communications receiver

A communications receiver is a radio receiver which is specially suited for receiving shortwave radio stations. Unlike other radio stations, shortwave stations are usually broadcast from one sender only. They can then be received all over the world. The upper class communications receivers are also able to receive differently modulated radio signals, such as single-sideband modulation.
Sheng Thao

Sheng Thao (born 1985) is an American politician. She is the 51st and current Mayor of Oakland, California since 2023. She is the first Hmong-American mayor of a major city in the United States.
Battle of Huế

The Battle of Hue was a battle of the Vietnam War during the Tet Offensive. It happened between 31 January and 2 March 1968. Since Hue was part of an important route between Danang and the North Vietnam-South Vietnam border, Hue was an important target for communist Vietnamese soldiers to attack. The battle was one of the deadliest in the war. Even today, visitors to the city can see signs that the battle was fought in Hue. Some buildings that were damaged or destroyed were never fixed. Other buildings still have bullet holes left from the battle.
Stephen Warnock

Stephen Warnock (born 12 December 1981) is an English football player. He plays for Aston Villa.
Shani

Shani is one of the Navagraha which are the nine main celestial beings in Hindu astrology, or Jyotisa. Shani is embodied in the planet Saturn. Shani is the Lord of Saturday; the word Shani also denotes the seventh day or Saturday in most Indian languages.
Chester, Pennsylvania

Chester is a city in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. With a population of 33,972 at the 2010 census, it is the largest city in Delaware County. It is located on the western bank of the Delaware River between the cities of Philadelphia and Wilmington, Delaware.
Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System

The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System is said to be the world's largest known fossil water aquifer system. It is underground the Eastern end of the Sahara Desert. It spans the boundaries of four countries in north-eastern Africa north-western Sudan, north-eastern Chad, south-eastern Libya, and most of Egypt.
The Great Man-made River Project (GMMR) in Libya makes use of the system. It takes water from this aquifer, about 2.4 km3 of fresh water for drinking and agriculture each year. This system is mainly used to supply water to the Kufra oasis.
CNN Chile

CNN Chile is the Chilean version of CNN international. It was founded on December 4, 2008. It broadcasts 24 hours a day nationwide in Chile.
Mackwiller

Mackwiller is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Archaeology
In 1955, substantial remains of a large Mithraeum were unearthed in Mackwiller by Jean-Jacques Hatt, archaeologist and director of the Musee archeologique de Strasbourg. The find has since been displayed at museum.
Khalil Ullah Khan

Khalil Ullah Khan (, February 2, 1934 - December 7, 2014) was a Bangladeshi movie actor. Khalil Ullah began his acting career as a theater activist while he made his debut on the silver screen with Sonar Kajol. He then went on to star in about 800 movies. His first national award was for his role in Gunda. In 2012, he won 'Lifetime Achievement Award'.
Khan died from heart disease in Dhaka, Bangladesh, aged 80.
British Rail Class 166

The British Rail Class 166 "Network Express Turbo" diesel multiple units (also known as just "Thames Turbos" ) were built by ABB at York Works from 1992-93. These units are the express version of the Class 165 "Network Turbo" units. They have a top speed of 90mph (suitable for mainline use), are carpeted throughout and have air-conditioning (the 165s lack the latter two features and it should be noted the 166 is similar to the Class 158 in terms of what it offers).
Bijou Theater

The Bijou Theater is a gay adult theater and sex club in Chicago, Illinois. It was established in 1970, and is the oldest such theater and club in the United States of America. It is located at 1349 N. Wells St. in Chicago's Old Town neighborhood.
In January 1970, the Bijou opened on the first floor of a four story Victorian. The first movie shown was Richard Nixon's Checkers speech, named after Nixon's dog Checkers. The movie that followed was a gay porn movie.
In 1980, the Bijou expanded to the second floor, where a sexual playground was established. On this floor are booths, glory holes, a dungeon with slings, and a Saint Andrew's cross. The same year, the back yard was overhauled for summer frolicking. The Bijou was opened 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In 1984, the Bijou expanded to the third floor.
Helen Hayes

Helen Hayes Brown (October 10, 1900 - March 17, 1993) was an American actress. Her career lasted for almost 70 years. Known as the "First Lady of the American Theatre", she is one of only thirteen people to win all four main American entertainment awards - Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony. Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1986, the National Medal of Arts in 1988 and was awarded at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1981. Two Broadway theaters are named after her.
Early life
Hayes was born in Washington D.C. on October 10, 1890. She was an only child. Her mother, Catherine Estelle Hayes, was an actress of Irish ancestry. Her father, Francis van Arnum Brown, was a meat salesman.
Hayes was an accomplished child. She went to a dancing school and sang very well. She began a stage career at the age of five, pushed by her mother. She also took her mother's maiden name as her stage name. By the age of ten, she had made a short movie. In 1917 Hayes graduated from the Academy of the Sacred Heart Convent in Washington.
Career
Her first sound movie The Sin of Madelon Claudet (1931) brought her Academy Award for Best Actress. The part she played in it was written by her husband, Charles MacArthur. Among her other successful movies of that time were Arrowsmith (1931), A Farewell to Arms (1932), What Every Woman Knows (1934).
Hayes liked working in theatre. Her most famous performance on Broadway was the role of Queen Victoria in a play Victoria Regina (1938). She played leading parts in Coquette (1928) and Mary Of Scotland (1933) as well. Harvey (1970) became her last hit on stage. Hayes had to retire from theatre because of her asthma condition.
She continued her work in movies. Hayes won her second Academy Award in 1970 for Airport. This time for Supporting role. During the later part of her career she was often in series and movies made for television. She successfully portrayed legendary character Miss Marple in several movies in 80s.
Personal life
Hayes met her husband, Charles MacArthur, a playwright, in 1927. They married in August of 1928. They had a daughter, Mary, born in 1930. She became involved in acting, but died from polio at age 19. In 1938 Hayes and Charles adopted a son, James MacArthur, who grew up to be an actor.
Charles MacArthur died in 1956. He had many years of illness and grief caused by his daughter's untimely death. Hayes never married again.
She published four autobiographies: A Gift of Joy (1965), On Reflection (1968), Twice Over Lightly (1972), and My Life in Three Acts (1990).
Death
Hayes died on March 17, 1993 from heart failure in the hospital of Nyack, New York. She was 92. She was buried in the Oak Hill Cemetery, next to her husband and daughter.
Rachel Brosnahan

Rachel Elizabeth Brosnahan (born July 12, 1990) is an American-British actress. She is known for appearing as Miriam "Midge" Maisel in Prime Video's period comedy series The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. She won a Primetime Emmy Award in 2018 and two Golden Globe Awards in 2018 and 2019. She will play Lois Lane in the DC Universe, starting with the upcoming movie Superman: Legacy (2025). She was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Dorah Pass

Dorah Pass, also spelled and pronounced Durah Pass, connects Badakshan in Afghanistan with Chitral in Pakistan. The Dorah Pass is more than 14,000 feet (4,300 m) high. It crosses the Hindu Kush mountains. The pass became important during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan because the Soviets could not stop the flow of arms and men back and forth across the pass. Almost all the Munji-speaking people of Afghanistan fled across the border to Chitral during the War in Afghanistan.
Pamir is a high plateau sometimes called "The roof of the world" that joins Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, China and Kashmir. Marco Polo is believed to have crossed the Pamir Mountains on his way to China.
The Dorah Pass is one of the four major mountain passes that enter Chitral. The others are the Broghol Pass from the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan, Shandur Top from Gilgit, and Lowari Top from Dir in Pakistan.
Peter Záboji

Peter (Balazs) Zaboji (25 December 1943 - 3 July 2015) was a Hungarian investor and entrepreneur. He has contributed significantly to the development of start up businesses in Budapest and received the highest civil recognition from the president of Hungary.
Hamas

Hamas (, acronym of Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya, , literally "Islamic Resistance Movement") is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist militant group. It was started in 1987 during the First Intifada by Ahmed Yassin and Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi as the Gaza branch of the Muslim Brotherhood organization in Egypt. In the 2006 Palestinian election, Hamas got 74 of 132 seats in parliament and controls the Gaza Strip. The group wants to build a Palestinian state based on Sharia law in the area that is now Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza Strip. Hamas does not recognize the State of Israel.
Name
Hamas is an acronym of the Arabic phrase , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or "Islamic Resistance Movement". The Hebrew meaning of the name Hamas (Hms; as used in the Hebrew Bible) is "violence".
Violence
Hamas is known for its military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, which plans and carries out attacks on Israel. Because of its policy of suicide bombings and rocket attacks on civilians in Israel, the United States, European Union and other countries call it a terrorist organisation. The country of Jordan has made the group illegal. However, many of the international press, including the English-language edition of the Israeli daily newspaper Haaretz, refer to Hamas members by the more neutral term "militants."
Popularity
In early 2006, Hamas won a clear victory in the vote for the Palestinian parliament. Voters saw Hamas as an alternative to exchange the long-ruling Fatah party, the main part of the PLO. Fatah had not improved the Palestinian people's conditions and reached statehood, and was thought to be corrupt.
Local work
Hamas has shown its organizational ability by building health, education, and social services to help the population in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, where there is much poverty. Such efforts have increased its support. In the first half of 2007, Hamas gained political control of the Gaza Strip, while Fatah keeps its headquarters in the West Bank.
Hamas is also associated in some way with Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine headed by Ahmed Jibril.
MS Estonia

M/S estonia was a big blue and white ferry that sank during a storm on the Baltic Sea. The closest ship to Estonia when she made the S.O.S signal was the Europe, a large cruise ship that was the first to get the SOS signal from the Estonia. While sinking the ship capsized and sunk. All of the passengers of MV Estonia died. No lifeboats was found.