kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Public perception of mathematics

Public perception of mathematics includes the way in which people (not just mathematicians) perceives mathematics, and the public opinion of this science.
The manner of public perception of mathematics is significant for many reasons, especially those related to education and social issues. In Italy, as in other European countries, the public perception of mathematics is negative and full of prejudice often related to how it is taught.
Education
Mathematics education plays a key role in the public perception of mathematics. The abstract part of mathematics makes the student feel to be bad at mathematics, while others see mathematics as hard and for "intelligent people". On these, Terence Tao tried to answer to the question "does one have to be a genius to do mathematics?" saying no.
Advocacy
Several groups have tried to change or improve the public perception of mathematics:
In France, Animath changes the public perception of mathematics in France. MathsWorldUK tries to transform the United Kingdom public's perception of mathematics.
Tim Hauser

Timothy DuPron "Tim" Hauser (December 12, 1941 - October 16, 2014) was an American singer. He was best known for being a member of the vocal group The Manhattan Transfer. He was a founding member of the group in 1969. The group has won ten Grammy Awards.
Hauser was born in Troy, New York and grew up in the coastal region of Jersey Shore, New Jersey. Both (two) his marriages ended in divorce. He had two children: son, Basie, and daughter, Lily.
Hauser died from cardiac arrest and pneumonia on October 16, 2014 in Sayre, Pennsylvania. He was 72.
Lannecaube

Lannecaube is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Saint-Denis-du-Payré

Saint-Denis-du-Payre is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Monkey Punch

, better known by his pen name , was a Japanese manga artist, writer and professor. He was best known for his series Lupin III. The series was first published between 1967 and 1969. In April 2005, he became the professor of Manga Animation at Otemae University, in their Faculty of Media and Arts. He was also a visiting professor at Tokyo University of Technology in May 2010. He was given a special Tokyo Anime Award in 2015.
Monkey Punch was born in Hamanaka, Hokkaido. He died of pneumonia in Sakura, Chiba Prefecture on 11 April 2019.
Lactarius torminosus

Lactarius torminosus, commonly known as the woolly milkcap or the bearded milkcap, is a mushroom in the genus Lactarius. It is a common and widely distributed fungus, found in North Africa, northern Asia, Northern Europe, and North America. L. torminosus associates with various trees, most commonly birch, and the mushrooms grow on the ground singly or in groups in mixed forests. Although it is valued for its peppery flavor and eaten after suitable preparation in Russia and Finland, it is highly irritating to the digestive system when eaten raw. The toxins responsible for the acrid taste are destroyed by cooking.
The caps of L. torminosus mushrooms are convex with a central depression, and attain a diameter of up to . Its color is a blend of pink and ochre hues, sometimes with circular zones of darker shades. The edge of the cap is rolled inwards, and shaggy when young. On the underside of the caps are narrow flesh-colored gills crowded closely together. It is on these fertile gill surfaces that the spore-bearing cells, the basidia are found. The cylindrical stem is a pale flesh color with a downy surface, reaching a length of up to and a thickness of . When cut or injured, the fruit bodies ooze a white latex that does not change color upon exposure to air. The variety normandensis, in contrast, has latex that changes from white to yellow.
Joyce, Louisiana

Joyce is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Winn Parish, Louisiana, United States.
2014 FIFA World Cup Group A

Group A of the 2014 FIFA World Cup consisted of Brazil, Croatia, Mexico and Cameroon. Play began on 12 June and ended on 23 June 2014.
Teams
Notes
Standings
Brazil advanced to play Chile (runner-up of Group B) in the round of 16.
Mexico advanced to play Netherlands (winner of Group B) in the round of 16.
Daisuke Takahashi

is a Japanese athlete. He is best known as a figure skater.
Takahashi was born in Kurashiki, Okayama.
Career
Takahashi won the Japanese national championships in 2006 and 2007.
Takahashi is the first male skater from Japan to win the World Junior Championships and the first male skater from Japan to win a silver medal at the World Championship.
He was a member of the Japanese team at the 2006 Winter Olympics at Turin in Italy. In 2010, he won a bronze medal in the Winter Olympic Games at Vancouver in Canada.
University of Split

The University of Split is a public university in Split, Croatia. It was started in 1974. It mostly does science courses. As of 2009, a total of approximately 40,000 students have graduated, and 337 people have got doctoral degrees.
Faculties
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy
Faculty of Science
Faculty of Economics
Faculty of Law
Catholic Faculty of Theology
Faculty of Chemistry and Technology
Faculty of Medicine
Faculty of Kinesiology
Faculty of Maritime Studies
Faculty of Philosophy
Academy of Fine Arts
University Department of Professional Studies
The Pharmacy course is run jointly by the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Chemical Engineering.
Federal Bureau of Prisons

The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is a United States federal law enforcement agency under the Department of Justice responsible for the care, custody, and control of incarcerated individuals.
Adrian Sutil

Adrian Sutil (born January 11, 1983 in Starnberg, Germany) is a German Formula One auto racing driver. He is the son of professional musicians Monika, a German, and Jorge, a Uruguayan. He has two brothers named Daniel and Raphael. A talented pianist, Sutil started karting at 14 before moving up to Swiss Formula Ford 1800 in 2002. He won all ten rounds of the season from pole and added five wins in the Formula Masters Austria championship. Sutil speaks fluent German, English, Spanish and a little Italian.
Racing record
Career summary
Season in progress.
Complete Formula BMW ADAC results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete Formula Three Euroseries results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete A1 Grand Prix results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete All-Japan Formula Three results
(key)
Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Season in progress.
Peugeot 307

The Peugeot 307 is a car produced by Peugeot. It replaced the 306 in June 2001 with 3 and 5-door hatchback models. In 2002, the SW estate was added and in late 2003 saw the 307 CC coupe/cabriolet launched. It was facelifted in 2005 and was replaced in 2007 by the 308. The platform of the 307 were also used for the Citroen C4. The model sold well but didn't have great reliability although it was improved with later models.
Bordères

Borderes is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Merry Christmas with Love

Merry Christmas with Love is Clay Aiken's first Christmas album. It was released by RCA Records on November 16, 2004. It was certified platinum and was recognized by Billboard as the Best-selling Christmas/holiday album of 2004 and the Best-selling Christian album of 2005. The album was re-released on August 18, 2009 on the Sony label.
Merry Christmas with Love debuted at number four on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart with about 270,000 copies sold. This was its highest position on the chart. By the end of 2004, around 1,004,000 copies of the album had been sold.
The album set a new record for fastest-selling holiday album, since SoundScan began in March 1991. It tied Celine Dion's record for the highest debut by a holiday album in the history of Billboard magazine.
On January 6, 2005, Merry Christmas with Love was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of one million copies in the U.S. Going into the 2010 Christmas season, 1,416,000 copies had been sold in the U.S. and 2 million worldwide.
List of volcanoes in Hawaii

The islands of Hawaii were made by volcanoes. Most of them are extinct but the Big Island and Maui have active ones. The volcanoes of Hawaii are fueled by a hotspot rather than a tectonic plate.
Maryam Durani

Maryam Durani (maryam dwrny) (born 1987) is an activist and women's advocate. In 2012 she received the International Women of Courage Award.
Life
Mariyam is the daughter of Haji Mohammad Eisa Durani. She is from the Durrani tribe. Maryam graduated from the American University of Afghanistan. She has a degree in business. She also studied law and political science.
Work
Mariyam was Kandahar people's representative in the provincial council. She was director of Khadijatul Kubra women's association for culture. She was the owner of Merman Radio of Kandahar, a special women's radio. She started the Kandahar women's advocacy network. Maryam also started Malalai Maiwandi Internet cafe, a free women's internet cafe. It is a safe space for women to use the internet, and the first of its kind in Afghanistan.
Awards
In 2012, Time Magazine chose Maryam as one of "The 100 Most Influential People in the World". According to Time, "As the owner and operator of a radio station (Merman Radio) that focuses on women's issues and as a member of the Kandahar provincial council, Durani stands up for the region's women with remarkable bravery."
In March 8, 2012 she received the U.S. Secretary of State's International Women of Courage Award.
Nice for What

"Nice for What" is the second single off of Canadian rapper Drake's fifth studio album Scorpion. The song was released on April 6, 2018. The song samples the 1998 song "Ex-Factor" by Lauren Hill.
On April 8, 2018, a music video for the song was released. The music video was directed by Karena Evans. It features multiple women doing different activities in their daily lives. Different celebrities made appearances in the video such as Olivia Wilde and Tiffany Haddish.
Grey hat

A grey hat is a hacker that sometimes can do illegal stuff, but does not exploit it or tell others how to do so.
Giorgio Morales

Giorgio Morales (26 March 1932 - 29 November 2020) was an Italian politician and activist. He was Mayor of Florence from 2 October 1989 to 24 April 1995. He was a member of both Socialist and Forza Italia. Morales was born in La Spezia, Italy.
Morales died on 29 November 2020 from pneumonia-related problems in Florence, aged 88.
Sharkey County, Mississippi

Sharkey County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 4,916 people lived there. Its county seat is Rolling Fork.
Arbouet-Sussaute

Arbouet-Sussaute is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Division of Lyons (state)

The Division of Lyons is one of the five multi-member electorates in the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It is named after Sir Joseph Lyons and his wife, Dame Enid Lyons.
It is located in the state's central and east. A few outer suburbs of Launceston are in Lyons. It shares the same boundaries as the federal Division of Lyons, which only has one member.
Domdidier

Domdidier () was a municipality of the district of Broye, in the canton of Fribourg, in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Domdidier, Dompierre, Lechelles and Russy merged to form the new municipality of Belmont-Broye.
Heat treating

Heating food to make it last longer is known as pasteurization or sterilization
Heat treating or heat treatment is the name for a number of processes in metallurgy: All processes have in common that the piece being worked on is heated for some time, and then cooled off. This is done to change some of the properties of the workpiece. Heat treating is used for pieces of metal, for certain alloys, and for certain types of plastic. With ceramics, a form of heat treating is part of the production process, and is called sintering.
There is also a concept called hot working, but it is different.
Zittersheim

Zittersheim is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Orlando Cole

Orlando Cole (August 16, 1908 - January 25, 2010) was a cello teacher who had taught soloists and first cellists in a dozen leading orchestras. Among them are Lynn Harrell, David Cole, Ron Leonard, Owen Carman, Daniel Lee, Lorne Munroe, and Marcie Rosen. He had held master-classes all over the world and continued his seventy-five year teaching career at the Curtis Institute and Temple University with his assistant Metta Watts.
Desert Hot Springs, California

Desert Hot Springs, also known as DHS, is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The city is located within the Coachella Valley region. The population was 32,512 at the 2020 census.
Bülend Ulusu

Saim Bulend Ulusu (24 April 1923 - 23 December 2015) was a Turkish admiral. He was Prime Minister of Turkey serving from September 21, 1980 through December 13, 1983. He was succeeded by future Turkish president Turgut Ozal.
IKON

iKON is a South Korean boy-band formed by YG Entertainment, currently consisting of 7 members. iKON was first introduced on WIN: Who is Next, resulting in their debut as a full group with the song, "My Type." "My Type" charted at #1 and #3 on the Korean and US charts, respectively.
Discography
Albums
Welcome Back (2015)
Caden Spencer (2018)
Sinigle Albums
New Kids: Begin (2017)
Non-Album Singles
WYD (2016)
2010s music groups
2014 establishments in South Korea
2015 establishments
Hip hop bands
K-pop music groups
South Korean boy bands
Peter J. Barnes III

Peter J. Barnes III (April 26, 1956 - February 22, 2021) was an American Democratic Party politician. He was born in Edison, New Jersey. He was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 2007 to 2014. He later became a State Senator in 2014. In 2016, Governor Chris Christie nominated him to be a member of the New Jersey Superior Court.
Barnes III died on February 22, 2021 in Edison at the age of 64.
Karlstadt am Main

Karlstadt is a town in Main-Spessart in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany. It is the administrative centre of Main-Spessart (Kreisstadt), and has a population of around 15,000.
Geography
Karlstadt is on the River Main in Main-Spessart, about 25 km north of the city of Wurzburg. It belongs to the Main-Franconian wine-growing region. The town itself is on the right edge of the river, but the municipal territory extends to the left edge.
Since the combinations in 1978, Karlstadt's Stadtteile have been Gambach, Hesslar, Karlburg, Klein Laudenbach, Laudenbach, Muhlbach, Rohrbach, Stadelhofen, Stetten, and Wiesenfeld.
Notable people
Johannes Schoner (b. 1477, d. 1547 in Nuremberg), mathematician, geographer, cartographer, astronomer, and astrologist
Andreas Bodenstein (b. about 1482, d. 1541 in Basel), also named after his birthplace Karlstadt, or in Latinized form Carolstadius, reformer
(b. about 1494, d. 1566 in Wittenberg), theologian, humanistic philosopher, and reformer
(b. 1522, d. 1587 in Strasbourg), historian, poet, jurist, and official
Johann Rudolph Glauber (b. 1604 in Karlstadt; d. 1670 in Amsterdam), apothecary and chemist
Franz Sperr (b. 1878, d. 23 January 1945 executed in Berlin-Plotzensee), jurist and member of the Widerstand in the Third Reich
(b. 1887, d. 1915 near Soldau in Masuria), painter
(b. 1894 in Wiesenfeld-Erlenbach, d. 1971), writer, poet
Ruth Westheimer (b. Karola Ruth Siegel and known as "Dr. Ruth," 4 June 1928 in Wiesenfeld), sex therapist, talk show host, author, professor, Holocaust survivor, and former Haganah sniper; later, U.S. citizen.
Ben Cooper

Ben Cooper (September 30, 1933 - February 24, 2020) was an American actor. He won a Golden Boot Award in 2005 for his work in westerns. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut. His best known roles were in Johnny Guitar, Gunfight at Comanche Creek and in Rebel in Town.
Cooper died on February 24, 2020 at a nursing home in Memphis, Tennessee of dementia-related problems, aged 86.
Nadege Doree

Amelia Goldberg (1862-1950) known as Nadage Doree (also spelled Nadege) was a Jewish American activist, actress, and writer. She fought for justice for Jews. Goldberg wrote books called: "Gelta, Or, The Czar and the Songstress" and "Did Jesus Change? The Answer of the Jew to the Question of the Ages." Goldberg was also a singer. She wrote patriotic songs. She is best known for being arrested while trying to speak to United States' President Franklin Delano Roosevelt about violence against Jewish people in Russia.
Career
Goldberg was an activist and author. She wrote her two books, "Gelta, Or, The Czar and the Songstress" and "Did Jesus Change? The Answer of the Jew to the Question of the Ages." She also wrote for The American Israelite newspaper.Goldberg was also an opera singer and actress. She started writing patriotic songs, and producing plays. She was a model for Duke cigarette cards. She had a race horse named after her. She was an activist who fought against anti-semitism.
Activism
In 1905 during President Roosevelt's church service, she interrupted to try to convince Roosevelt to help Russia's Jews. She got arrested. She sued Roosevelt's secretary (William Loeb Jr.) 50,000 for a false arrest.
Villa Clara Province

Villa Clara is one of the provinces of Cuba. Its main cities are Santa Clara (the capital), Sagua La Grande, Placetas, Camajuani, Remedios and Caibarien.
The coast of Villa Clara is dotted with numerous cays, and there are many coral reefs and sandy beaches, too.
Around Santa Clara, the land rises into the Alturas de Santa Clara. The highest point in the province is in the Alturas, at 464 m above sea level. Villa Clara also has numerous lakes, which are used for both water sports and fishing. The largest Cuban river to drain into the Atlantic, Rio Sagua la Grande, is also in Villa Clara province.
Sugar, the commodity that the Cuban economy relies upon, is grown in the plains in the north of the province, and several large mills provide employment to many people.
The provinces of Cienfuegos, Sancti Spiritus, and Villa Clara were once all part of the now defunct province of Las Villas.Santa Clara was the capital of Las Villas.
Barricade

A barricade is an improvised barrier that is used to direct traffic, block passage, defend a small area, etc. Barricades differ from fortifications, fences and walls in that they are temporary.
Eoghan Quigg

Eoghan Quigg (born 12 July 1992) is a pop singer based in the United Kingdom and Ireland. He has been active since 2008 when he was a contestent on The X Factor where he finished in third place. In Ireland he has had a number 1 album called Eoghan Quigg. Quigg was going to be signed by Simon Cowell, CEO of Syco Records, but was instead signed to RCA.
Kingston, Utah

Kingston is a town in Piute County, Utah, United States.
Tabun

Tabun is a nerve agent. It was the first of the G-series nerve agents, and called GA. Its potential was known from
the 1900s because of technical publications.
The substance was developed in 1936 by the German chemist Gerhard Schrader. He was responsible for the I.G. Farben (Leverkusen) work on pesticides. From 1942 Tabun was industrially produced. It was filled in bombs and shells for the Wehrmacht in WWII, but not used.
Susan Gilmore

Susan Gilmore was born 24 November, 1954 in London. She is a British actress who played Elizabeth Fitt in BBC drama series Angels and Avril Rolfe in Howards' Way. She has also guest starred in Never the Twain, The Bill, Casualty and Holby City. She was married to British rower Daniel Topolski and had three children. She is not related to British actor Peter Gilmore.
Gossens

Gossens was a municipality in Yverdon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It became part of neighbouring Donneloye on 1 January 2008.
It is on the main road between Yverdon and Moudon. The economy is mostly agricultural.
Antonina Domańska

Antonina Domanska (September 1853 - 26 January 1917) was a Polish writer. She wrote lots of books for children.
Biography
Antonina Domanska was born in September 1853 in Kamieniec Podolski (now in Ukraine). The exact date of birth is unknown. She was a daughter of physician Aleksander Kremer and Modesta Plonska. She was the aunt of a poet Lucjan Rydel. In 1865 she moved to Krakow (Cracow). She met her future husband, Stanislaw Domanski there. He was a physician. She was present at Lucjan Rydel's wedding in the village of Bronowice near Krakow in 1900. This is why she was portrayed in the drama Wesele (The Wedding) by Stanislaw Wyspianski. She died in on 26 January 1917.
Works
Domanska's most famous books for children are Historia zoltej cizemki (The Story of Yellow Shoe, 1913) and Paziowie krola Zygmunta (King Sigismund's Pageboys, 1910). Two films were based on them.
Iron Bridge

Iron Bridge may refer to:
Bridges
The Iron Bridge, in Shropshire, England
The Iron Bridge, Rothiemurchus, Scotland, also known as the Cairngorm Club Footbridge
The Iron Bridge, Culford Park, in Suffolk, England
Iron Bridge, Riga, in Latvia
Iron Bridge, Satu Mare, in Romania
Aldford Iron Bridge in Aldford, Cheshire, England
Nandu River Iron Bridge in Hainan, China
Traffic Bridge (Saskatoon) in Saskatchewan, Canada
Places
Ironbridge, a settlement in Shropshire, England
Ironbridge Gorge, the gorge formed by the River Severn in Shropshire, England
Iron Bridge, Ontario, Canada, a community in Huron Shores
Other uses
Iron Bridge, original codename for the planning of the funeral of Margaret Thatcher
Battle of the Iron Bridge, fought in 637 near Antioch, Turkey
Vase in the Form of a Phallus

Vase in the Form of a Phallus is an ancient Greek terracotta vase in the form of a flaccid, uncircumcised, penis. The scrotum and pubic hair are depicted. Its overall measurements are 4 1/2 in. x 4 in. x 3 1/2 in. (11.4 cm. x 10.2 cm. x 8.9 cm.). It dates back to the Archaic period, about 550 BC to 500 BC. Phallic vases are rare in Archaic Greek pottery, and this vase is thought to have held a perfumed oil, used for erotic or medicinal purposes. It is also believed to have been made in Rhodes. The museum writes that the vase displays a playfulness typical of Greek art.
Charlotte, Princess Royal

The Princess Charlotte, Princess Royal (Charlotte Augusta Matilda; later Queen Charlotte of Wurttemberg; 29 September 1766 - 5 October 1828) was the fourth child and oldest daughter of George III of the United Kingdom.She married Frederick of Wurttemberg on 27 May 1798. Charlotte was the godmother of Victoria of the United Kingdom. She died in 1828.
Brendan Howlin

Brendan Howlin (born 9 May 1956) is an Irish Labour Party politician. He was Leader of the Labour Party since May 2016. He has been a Teachta Dala (TD) for the Wexford constituency since 1987.
He was Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform from 2011 to 2016, Leas-Cheann Comhairle from 2007 to 2011, Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1997 to 2002, Minister for the Environment from 1994 to 1997 and Minister for Health from 1993 to 1994.
He was a Senator from 1983 to 1987, after being nominated by the Taoiseach.
In February 2020, after a poor result for the Labour Party in the 2020 general election, he announced that he would be stepping down as party leader in a few weeks.
Richard Francis Burton

Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821-1890) was a famous English explorer, writer, translator, ethnologist, spy and soldier.
He traveled a lot in Asia, Africa and the Americas. As a spy for the British government, he was also among the very few Western Christian people who secretly managed to visit the Islamic holy city of Mecca, in Arabia, at the time of the Hajj
He is also famous for his English language translation of the Arabic book, One Thousand and One Nights (also called The Arabian Nights).
Oxford County, Ontario

Oxford County is a county in the province of Ontario. It has a land area of 2,036.61 km2 and a population of 110,862. The economy of Oxford County is mainly manufacturing, dairy, and agriculture. The lower-tier municipalites of Oxford are, ordered from greatest to least population, Woodstock, Tillsonburg, Ingersoll, Norwich, Zorra, South-West Oxford, Blandford-Blenheim, and East Zorra-Tavistock.
Billezois

Billezois is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
Aubin, Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Aubin, Pyrenees-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
François Garnier

Francois Charles Garnier (7 April 1944 - 15 August 2018) was a French Roman Catholic archbishop. He was born in Beaune, France.
Garnier was ordained to the priesthood in 1970. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lucon, France from 1990 to 1991. He then was the bishop of the diocese from 1991 to 2000. He then was archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai, France, from 2000 unil his death.
Garnier died in Cambrai, France on 15 August 2018 from an aortic aneurysm, aged 74.
Princess Amélia of Brazil

Princess Amelia, Mrs Alexander James Spearman (Amelia Maria de Fatima Josefa Antonia Miguela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga; born 15 March 1989) is a member of the Brazilian imperial family. She is the oldest daughter of Antonio, Prince Imperial of Brazil, and Princess Christine of Ligne. She is the niece of Bertrand, Prince of Brazil and a granddaughter of Pedro Henrique, Prince of Brazil. She was 5th in the line of succession to the Brazilian throne until you renounce your rights to the throne by marrying.
Upon her marriage she was commited to resign her dynastyc rights and the Brazilian princely title, although such thing is not legally allowed by Brazil's monarchical constitution without parliamentary approval. She de facto was the fifth in the line of succession to the Brazilian throne until her supposed renunciation.
Estée Lauder Companies

Estee Lauder Companies are an organization that manufactures, markets and sells perfume, skin care, hair care and cosmetics. This company was named after a person called Estee Lauder.
Overview
It was established in 1946 in New York City.
In 1960, the office in London was opened.
In 1964, Aramis fragrance for men was presented.
In 2010, the company bought Smashbox Beauty Cosmetics, Inc.
Advanz Pharma

Advanz Pharma Corp. is a multinational pharmaceutical company. Until November 2018 it was called Concordia Healthcare Corp. The company concentrates on endocrinology, ophthalmology, urology, anti-infectives, pain management, central nervous system disorders, oncology, haematology, cardiology and intensive care medicine. It also buys pharmaceutical compounds which are off-patent. The operational headquarters is in London. Most of the manufacturing is done in Mumbai, India and it has regional hubs in Europe, Australia and the USA.
In July 2021 the Competition and Markets Authority found that the company "exploited a loophole enabling it to reap much higher profits". They and HgCapital and Cinven, 2 former owners of the business were fined a total of PS84 million. It had raised the price of liothyronine tablets from PS6 a pack to PS248 in 2017. They appealed but in 2023 the Competition Appeal Tribunal turned down their appeal.
House of Tusculum

The House of Tusculum were a powerful noble family of Latium, Italy. They were the Counts of Tusculum between the 10th and 12th centuries. Several popes and an antipope during the 11th century came from their family. The counts of Tusculum were influential figures in Roman politics and religion for more than a century.
Counts
This list is partially incomplete in the 10th century. The chronology and dates are often uncertain. They were only counts from about 1013. Before this, they were lords.
before 924 Theophylact I
until 924 Alberic I, consul son-in-law
924 - 954 Alberic II, son
before 1013 Gregory I, son (Excellentissimus vir - Praefectus navalis)
until 1012 Theophylact II, son of Gregory I
1012 - 1024 Romanus, (Consul et dux, senator) brother of Theophylact II and son of Gregory I
1032 - 1045 Alberic III, (Imperialis palatii magister Consul et dux - Comes sacri palatii Lateranensis) brother of Theophylact II and Romanus;
1024 - 1032 Theophylact III son of Alberic III
1044 - 1058 Gregory II, (Consul, nobilis vir, senator Comes Tusculanensis), son of Alberic III
1058 - ca 1108 Gregory III, (Comes Tusculanensis Consul, illustris) son of Gregory II
ca 1108 - 1126 Ptolemy I (Tolomeo I), (Consul, comes Tusculanus) son Gregory III;
1126 - 1153 Ptolemy II (Tolomeo II), (Illustrissimus, dominus Consul et dux) son of Ptolemy I;
1153 - ca 1167 Jonathan, (Comes de Tusculano) co-ruler with Raino son of Ptolemy II;
1153 - 1179 Raino, (Nobilis vir, dominus) brother of Jonathan, co-ruler with Jonathan.
Popes
Those who were also counts are listed in boldface.
Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul

Santa Maria is an Brazilian city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its area is 1,823.1 km2 and 283,677 people lived here in 2020.
Crazy Mama

Crazy Mama is a 1975 American action comedy movie directed by Jonathan Demme and stars Cloris Leachman, Stuart Whitman, Linda Purl, Ann Sothern, Bill Paxton, Dennis Quaid, Sally Kirkland, John Milius. It was distributed by New World Pictures.
Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (1968)

The Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization or PATCO was a United States trade union. It ran from 1968 until its decertification in 1981 following an illegal strike that was broken by the Ronald Reagan Administration. The 1981 strike and defeat of PATCO was called "one of the most important events in late twentieth century U.S. labor history" by labor historian Joseph A. McCartin.
Lolol

Lolol () is a Chilean commune in the Province of Colchagua, O'Higgins. The town was founded in 1830. It has 2,118 inhabitants, as of 2002.
Okrouhlička

Okrouhlicka is a small village in the Havlickuv Brod District, Vysocina Region of the Czech Republic. About 199 people live there. It covers 6,84 km2. Okrouhlicka was first documented in 1307.
Frustum

A frustum is a geometric shape that is formed by cutting off the top of a cone or pyramid parallel to the base. It is the portion of a solid that lies between two parallel planes cutting this solid. In the case of a pyramid, the base faces are polygonal and the side faces are trapezoidal. A right frustum is a right pyramid or a right cone truncated perpendicularly to its axis; otherwise, it is an oblique frustum. In the aerospace industry, a frustum is the fairing between two stages of a multistage rocket, which is shaped like a truncated cone. The viewing frustum in 3D computer graphics is a virtual photographic or video camera's usable field of view modeled as a pyramidal frustum.
Coroner

A coroner is a government official. It is their job to confirm the death of any person in any area of a country. The coroner also gives a certificate to say that a person has died in some place, on some date, due to some reason.
Plasmid

A plasmid is a DNA molecule that is separate from the chromosomal DNA and that can replicate (copy itself) independently.
The term plasmid was first introduced by the American molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg in 1952.
Plasmids are double stranded and, in many cases, circular. Plasmids usually occur naturally in bacteria, but are sometimes found in eukaryotic organisms (e.g., the 2-micrometre-ring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Plasmid size varies from 1 to over 1,000 kilobase pairs (kbp). The number of identical plasmids within a single cell can range from one to thousands. Plasmids are often associated with conjugation, a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer.
Plasmids are transferable genetic elements, or "replicons", capable of independent self copying in a suitable host. Plasmids can be found in all three major domains, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Similar to viruses, plasmids are not considered a form of "life" as it is currently defined. Unlike viruses, plasmids are "naked" DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host.
Plasmid host-to-host transfer requires direct, mechanical transfer by conjugation or changes in host gene expression allowing the intentional uptake of the genetic element by transformation.
Microbial transformation with plasmid DNA is neither parasitic nor symbiotic in nature, since each implies the presence of an independent species living in a commensal or detrimental state with the host organism. Rather, plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and may provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state.
Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or alternatively the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances. Plasmids also can provide bacteria with an ability to fix elemental nitrogen or to degrade difficult organic compounds. This may provide an advantage under conditions of nutrient deprivation.
The construction of first recombinant DNA emerged from linking of a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with a native plasmid.
Emilie de Ravin

Emilie de Ravin (born 27 December 1981) is an Australian actress, best known for her starring roles as Tess Harding in the sci-fi series Roswell (2000-2002), Claire Littleton in the ABC drama series Lost (2004-2008, 2010), and Belle in the American Broadcasting Company fantasy-drama series Once Upon a Time (2011-2018).
Ravin was born in Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia.
Enron

Enron Creditors Recovery Corporation (formerly Enron Corporation, NYSE ticker symbol ENE) was an American energy company based in Houston, Texas. Enron used to have around 22,000 people before it went bankrupt in late 2001. In 2001, it was revealed that people in Enron were involved in accounting fraud. The company closed in 2007.
Chinese Rail GKD1

The GKD1 (D1) is a kind of diesel locomotive used in China. It was built by Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works.
Chicken Every Sunday

Chicken Every Sunday is a 1949 American comedy movie. It was directed by George Seaton. The movie is based on the play of the same name by Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein. Actors include Dan Dailey, Celeste Holm, Colleen Townsend, Natalie Wood, Connie Gilchrist, Roy Roberts, Percy Helton, and Anthony Sydes. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Elena Congost Mohedano

Elena Congost Mohedano (born September 20, 1987 in Barcelona) is a track and field athlete from Spain. She has a disability: She is blind and is T12/B2 type athlete. She raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. She finished 7 in the 200 meter race. She raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. She finished 6 in the 1,500 meter race. She also raced in the 800 meter race and finished 6 in the semifinal. She raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. She finished second in the 1,500 meter race.
Creed Taylor

Creed Taylor (May 13, 1929 - August 23, 2022) was an American record producer. He was best known for his work with CTI Records, which he founded in 1967. He also worked for Bethlehem Records, ABC-Paramount Records (including its jazz label, Impulse!), Verve, and A&M Records.
Taylor died on August 23, 2022, at the age of 93.
The Drinking Den

The Drinking Den () is a 1909 French silent drama movie directed by Albert Capellani and stars Alexandre Arquilliere, Jacques Gretillat, and Eugenie Nau.
Zafar Sobhan

Zafar Sobhan (born 1970) is a Bangladeshi businessman, editor and former football player. He started the Dhaka Tribune newspaper. He runs a news company. Sobhan is the first Bangladeshi news writer to be syndicated outside Bangladesh. This means that newspapers from other countries paid to put his writing in their papers.
Sobhan was also a senior editor at the Daily Star newspaper and an editor of Forum magazine. He wrote for The New York Times, The Guardian, TIME, and other newspapers and magazines. His news company is the 2nd most famous in Bangladesh and Dhaka behind Daily Star As of 21 December 2022 he is still active.
Football Career
He used to be a professional football player.
He was an 84 rated CDM player who played for the Bangladeshi football club Abahani.
He won many trophies. He played in 2013 and won the Ascent Corporation 5-1 Football Cup.
He retired soon after that, and was the best player for Bangladesh.
Awards
The World Economic Forum named him a Young Global Leader in 2005. It named him an Asia 21 Young Leader in 2008.
Family
He married S.F.A. Sobhan on Thanksgiving 2011. They have approximately six to seven children: Shamil, Suri, Bobbi, Bella, Billy.
Jaroslav Brabec

Jaroslav Brabec (27 July 1949 - 20 May 2018) was a Czech former track and field athlete. He competed in the shot put. He twice represented Czechoslovakia at the Summer Olympics (1972 and 1976). He was a three-time participant at the European Athletics Championships (1971, 1974 and 1978) and a three-time medallist at the European Athletics Indoor Championships, being the champion at the 1973 edition.
Brabec died on 20 May 2018 in Prague at the age of 68.
Bergkamen

Bergkamen is a town in the district of Unna, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is near the river Lippe, approx. 15 km north-east of Dortmund and 15 km south-west of Hamm.
Bergkamen, a German town in the East part of the Ruhrgebiet and south of the Munsterland, was founded in 1966 by the merging of at first five smaller communities.
Georgia State Route 53

State Route 53 (SR 53) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway's west end is at U.S. Route 411 (US 411) and Alabama State Route 25 at the Alabama state line near Cave Spring. Its east end is at US 129 Bus./US 441 Bus./SR 15/SR 24 Bus. in Watkinsville. The highway is long.
Litoria bibonius

Litoria bibonius is a frog from Papua New Guinea. It lives in wetlands on Normanby Island, no higher than 40 metres above sea level.
Chaim Kanievsky

Shmaryahu Yosef Chaim Kanievsky (January 8, 1928 - March 18, 2022) was a Polish-born Israeli rabbi and posek. He was born in Pinsk, Second Polish Republic, but his career was set in Bnei Brak, Israel. Kanievsky was thought to be a leading authority in Haredi Jewish society.
Kanievsky had a heart attack at his home in Bnei Brak on March 18, 2022. He died a few hours later at the age of 94.
Cleartext

In telecommunications, cleartext is the form of a message or data which is in a form that is immediately understandable to a human being without additional processing. In particular, it implies that this message is sent or stored without cryptographic protection. The phrases, "in clear", "en clair" and "in the clear" are the same.
It is close to, but not entirely the same as, the term "plaintext". Formally, plaintext is information that is fed as an input to a coding process, while ciphertext is what comes out of that process. Plaintext might be compressed, coded, or otherwise changed before it is converted to ciphertext, so it is quite common to find plaintext that is not cleartext.
Websites using insecure HTTP send using cleartext, with all data supplied (including usernames and passwords) being sent from the user's computer through the internet using cleartext. Anyone with access to the medium used to carry the data (the routers, computers, telecommunications equipment, wireless transmissions, and so on) may read the password, username, and anything else sent to the website.
Tochigi SC

is a Japanese professional football club in Utsunomiya.
History
The club was founded in 1953.
Mario Luis Bautista Maulión

Mario Luis Bautista Maulion (4 December 1934 - 27 September 2020) was an Argentina Roman Catholic archbishop. He was born in Buenos Aires. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1960.
He was titular bishop of Febiana and was auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rosario, Argentina, from 1988 to 1995 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Nicolas de los Arroyos, Argentina, from 1995 to 2003.
He was archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Parana, Argentina, from 1995 to 2010.
Bautista Maulion died on 27 September 2020 in Rosario, Argentina at the age of 85.
Saint-Corneille

Saint-Corneille is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Mercedes-Benz Vario

The Mercedes-Benz Vario was a series of vans, trucks and step-entrance buses produced by Mercedes-Benz from 1995 to 2013.
The Vario series was launched as an improved version of the Mercedes-Benz T2.
The Vario minibuses could be built as a minibus or as a chassis only.
Luis Diego López

Luis Diego Lopez (born 22 August 1974) is an Uruguayan football player. He plays for Cagliari.
Hope Emerson

Hope Emerson (October 29, 1897 - April 25, 1960) was an American actress. She acted in television and movies and on the stage. She played Evelyn Harper in Caged (1950). She also played a mail order bride in Westward the Women (1952).
Emerson was born in Hawarden, Iowa. She died from liver disease at age 62.
Crestview, Kentucky

Crestview is a city if Kentucky, United States.
Frances Bay

Frances Bay (Frances Goffman January 23, 1919 - September 15, 2011) was a Canadian movie, television, and stage actress who started her career when she was 50 and is known for her role as Grandma Gilmore in Happy Gilmore.
She was born in Mannville, Alberta, Canada on January 23, 1919. Her father was a Ukrainian Jewish immigrant. She was raised in Dauphin, Manitoba, Canada. She was married to Charles Bay from 1946 until his death in 2002. They had a son Eli Joshua Bay who died before them. Bay was in a car crash and had a leg amputated in 2002, after her husband's death.
Bay died on September 15, 2011 in Tarzana, California by her home in Los Angeles, California from pneumonia, she was 92 years old.
Göktürks

The Gokturks, Celestial Turks or Blue Turks were a group of Turkic peoples who lived in Central Asia during the middle ages. Bumin Qaghan and his sons were their leaders. The Gokturks ruled their area after the Rouran Khaganate. They became the main power in their part of inner Asia. They built the Turkic Khaganate. This Khaganate was a nomadic dynasty that had a big effect on later Turkic peoples. Their Religion was Tengrism
Denmark at the Olympics

Denmark at the Olympics is a history which includes 40 games in 22 countries and 1,800+ athletes. Since 1896, Denmark has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Denmark is DEN.
History
Teams from Denmark have taken part in the Olympic Games since the very first games in 1896.
The National Olympic Committee for Denmark (National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark or Danmarks Idraets-Forbund Olympisk Komite) was created in 1905; and it was recognized by the International Olympic Committee the same year.
Denmark has sent athletes to every Summer Olympic Games except for the 1904 Games.
Denmark has been a part of the Winter Olympic Games several times since 1948. They have been at every Games since 1988.
Danish athletes have won a total of 171 medals. Sailing is their best medal winning sport.
Cristian Rodríguez

Cristian Rodriguez (born 30 September 1985) is an Uruguayan football player. He plays for Porto and the Uruguayan national team.
Yasuto Honda

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Honda was born in Kitakyushu on June 25, 1969. After graduating from Teikyo High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Honda in 1988. In 1992, he moved to J1 League club Kashima Antlers. The club won the champions at J1 League 4 times, J.League Cup 3 times and Emperor's Cup 2 times. He retired end of 2006 season. He played 400 games and scored 6 goals in the league at both clubs.
On October 24, 1995, Honda debuted for the Japan national team against Saudi Arabia. In 1996, he played in all matches including 1996 Asian Cup. In 1997, although he played at 1998 World Cup qualification, his opportunity to play decreased in the latter half. He played 29 games and scored 1 goal for Japan until 1997.
Benjamin Zephaniah

Benjamin Obadiah Iqbal Zephaniah (born 15 April 1958, Birmingham, England) is a British Jamaican writer, dub poet and Rastafarian. He was included in The Times list of Britain's top 50 post-war writers in 2008.
British writers
British poets
Rastafari
1958 births
Living people
People with dyslexia
Zephaniah was a young black boy who had dyslexia and encountered Racism at his new school in Birmingham. He grew up in Wandsworth up until the age of 9 when his mother who was also a Jamaican nurse who fled from his father who was a postman back in Barbados. Leaving his twin sister Velda and other siblings Zephaniah felt isolated as being a young black boy with a disability
Zephaniah faced prejudice frequently while residing in London and was involved in the racial riots of the 1980s: "They happened all around me. Racism was really evident back then. The National Front opposed foreigners and people of color, and the police were also very racist.
Hoof

A hoof is the foot of certain animals known as ungulates (such as deer, cows, pigs, sheep, and giraffes). These animals walk on their toes. The toes have a hard cover made out of the same material as fingernails. This is called keratin.
Angolan Civil War

The Angolan Civil War was a major civil war in the African country of Angola. It started in 1975 and continued until 2002. The war began right after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The Civil War was mostly a fight for power between two former liberation movements, the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). Other countries got involved in the war because they wanted their own ideologies to win. This made the Angolan war part of the Cold War. In 2002 the MPLA won.
About 500,000 people died in the war. The war also did a lot of damage to buildings in Angola. Because of all the damage, in 2003 80% of Angolans lacked access to basic medical care, 60% lacked access to water, and 30% of Angolan children would die before the age of 5, with an overall national life expectancy of less than 40 years of age.
Background
In 1575, the Portuguese started to colonize parts of what is now Angola. Before, some of the land was part of the Kingdom of Kongo.
Combatants
MPLA
The MPLA was a communist group fighting for Angolan independence. Its leader was Agostinho Neto. They were supported by the Soviet Union.
UNITA
UNITA was an anti-communist group also fighting for Angolan independence. Its leader was Jonas Savimbi.
FNLA
FNLA was another anti-communist independence group. Its leader was Holden Roberto. The US gave them money by funneling it through Zaire.
War
1970s
In 1975, Portugal signed the Alvor Agreement with MPLA, UNITA, and FNLA. The agreement said that Angola would become independent on 11 November 1975.
1980s
1990s
2000s
Effect
The war destroyed a lot of buildings in Angola.
There are still a lot of landmines in Angola from the war. Sometimes they still go off and kill and hurt people.