July 19

Events
Up to 1900
64 The Great Fire of Rome starts.
484 Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern Emperor at Tarsus in modern-day Turkey.
711 Ummayad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete - Ummayad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.
1333 Wars of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Halidon Hill ends in an English victory.
1545 The Tudor battleship Mary Rose sinks.
1553 In England, Lady Jane Grey is replaced as queen by Mary I of England, having been queen for only a few days.
1572 Wanli Emperor takes control in China, becoming the 13th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
1588 Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - The Spanish Armada is seen in the English Channel.
1692 In the Salem Witch Trials, five women are hanged for witchcraft.
1701 Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding large territory north of the Ohio River to England.
1702 Great Northern War: A larger Polish-Saxon Army of Augustus III the Strong, operating from a better defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish Army half its size under the command of Charles XII of Sweden, in the Battle of Klissow.
1821 George IV of the United Kingdom is crowned king.
1832 The British Medical Association is founded by Charles Hastings.
1843 Isambard Kingdom Brunel's steamship, the SS Great Britain is launched.
1848 A Women's rights convention begins in Seneca Falls, New York.
1864 Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking - Qing Dynasty defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
1870 Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
1900 The first line of the Paris Metro opens.
From 1901
1903 Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France.
1908 The Dutch football club Feyenoord of Rotterdam is founded.
1912 A meteorite estimated to weigh 190 kilograms explodes over Holbrook, Arizona, causing around 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the village.
1916 World War I: Battle of Fromelles - British and Australian troops attack German trenches.
1920 Antonio Joaquim Granjo becomes Prime Minister of Portugal.
1936 The Sieges of Oviedo and Gijon begin shortly after the start of the Spanish Civil War.
1941 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill launches the V for Victory campaign.
1943 World War II: Rome is heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft.
1947 Several leading Burmese politicians, including Bogyoko Aung San, are executed by Galon U Saw.
1950 West Germany and the Saarland join the European Council.
1952 The Summer Olympics in Helsinki begin.
1961 Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte.
1965 The Mont Blanc road tunnel is opened.
1971 The South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City opens.
1976 The Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
1979 The Sandinistas take official control of the government in Nicaragua.
1979 Two oil tankers collide near Trinidad and Tobago, causing an oil spill, and killing 29 seamen in the fire resulting from the collision.
1980 The Summer Olympics in Moscow begin. Some Western countries, including the United States and West Germany, boycott the event.
1981 French President Francois Mitterrand privately reveals to US President Ronald Reagan documents showing the Soviets had been stealing American technological research and development.
1985 The Val di Stava dam collapses in Italy, killing 268 people.
1987 In Portugal, the Social Democrats under Anibal Cavaco Silva become the first political party during the Third Republic to form an overall majority in parliament.
1989 A United Airlines airplane crashes in Sioux City, Iowa, and bursts into flames, killing 112 out of the 296 people on board.
1992 Anti-Mafia judge Paolo Borsellino and two police officers are killed by a car-bomb attack in Palermo, Sicily.
1996 Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic is forced out of office. Wanted on war crimes charges, he goes into hiding until his arrest in 2008.
1996 The 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta begin, with Muhammad Ali lighting the Olympic flame.
1997 The Provisional IRA resumes a ceasefire during the Northern Ireland Troubles.
2002 In Scotland, the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park is created.
2003 The first successful tongue transplant is carried out in Vienna.
2007 Pratibha Patil becomes the first woman to be chosen to become President of India.
2018 Israel's Knesset passes a law defining the country as a Jewish Nation State.
2018 A duck boat capsizes on Table Rock Lake in Southwestern Missouri, United States, killing 17 people (out of 31 on board), including 9 from the same family.
2019 Iran seizes two British oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz.
Births
Up to 1900
1670 Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
1688 Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
1698 Johann Jakob Bodmer, Swiss writer and poet (d. 1783)
1739 Joseph Stanton, Jr., American politician (d. 1807)
1744 Heinrich Christian Boie, German poet (d. 1806)
1759 Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833)
1764 Juan Jose Castelli, Argentine politician (d. 1812)
1789 John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
1800 Juan Jose Flores, first President of Ecuador (d. 1864)
1806 Alexander Dallas Bache, American physicist (d. 1867)
1814 Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
1819 Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
1822 Princess Augusta of Cambridge (d. 1916)
1827 Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier (d. 1857)
1834 Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
1840 Jose Manuel Balmaceda, President of Chile (d. 1891)
1842 Frederick T. Greenhalge, English-American lawyer and politician, 38th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1896)
1848 Pedro Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil (d. 1850)
1860 Lizzie Borden, American accused murderess (d. 1927)
1863 Hermann Bahr, Austrian writer and dramatist (d. 1934)
1865 Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
1876 Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
1876 Ignaz Seipel, Austrian politician (d. 1952)
1877 Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
1881 Friedrich Dessauer, German philosopher and physicist (d. 1963)
1883 Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and movie producer (d. 1972)
1884 Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1954)
1886 Michael Fekete, Hungarian-Israeli mathematician (d. 1957)
1890 King George II of Greece (d. 1947)
1892 Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
1893 Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930)
1894 Khawaja Nazimuddin, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
1894 Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959)
1895 Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
1896 A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
1898 Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)
1901 1950
1904 Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, American lawyer (d. 1985)
1914 Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
1917 William Scranton, American politician and diplomat, 38th Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 2013)
1920 Robert Mann, American violinist, composer and conductor (d. 2018)
1920 Aldo Protti, Italian opera singer (d. 1995)
1921 Andre Moynet, French fighter pilot, businessman, politician and racing driver (d. 1993)
1921 Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2011)
1921 Harold Camping, American evangelist and religious broadcaster, predicted the rapture (d. 2013)
1922 Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan, 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia (d. 2008)
1922 George McGovern, American politician (d. 2012)
1923 Lon Simmons, American sportscaster (d. 2015)
1923 Joseph Hansen, American writer (d. 2004)
1923 Alex Hannum, American basketball player (d. 2002)
1924 Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
1924 Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009)
1924 Arthur Rankin, Jr., American director, producer and writer (d. 2014)
1925 Otto Arosemena, President of Ecuador (d. 1984)
1926 Helen Gallagher, American actress, Ryan's Hope
1928 Bobby Davidson, Scottish football referee (d. 1993)
1929 Martin Gruner, German politician (d. 2018)
1932 Erro, Icelandic artist
1934 Francisco de Sa Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
1935 Vasily Livanov, Russian movie actor and screenwriter
1935 Nick Koback, American baseball player (d. 2015)
1935 Gerd Albrecht, German conductor (d. 2014)
1937 George Hamilton IV, American country music singer (d. 2014)
1938 Vakhtang Kikabidze, Georgian movie actor, director and singer
1938 Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
1941 Vikki Carr, American singer
1943 Thomas J. Sargent, American economist
1945 George Dzundza, American actor
1945 Paule Baillargeon, Canadian actress, director and screenwriter
1945 Richard Henderson, Scottish molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for Chemistry laureate
1946 Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band)
1946 Ilie Nastase, Romanian tennis player
1947 Bernie Leadon, American musician (The Eagles)
1947 Brian May, English guitarist (Queen)
1947 Hans-Jurgen Kreische, East German footballer
1948 Atilio Ancheta, Uruguayan footballer
1948 Keith Godchaux, American musician (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980)
1949 Kgalema Motlanthe, former President of South Africa
1950 Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance
1950 Freddy Moore, American songwriter
1951 1975
1952 Allen Collins, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990)
1952 Robert A. Ficano, County Executive for Wayne County, Michigan (Detroit and environs)
1954 Alvan Adams, American basketball player
1954 Srda Trifkovic, Serbian-American journalist
1955 Dalton McGuinty, Canadian politician, 24th Premier of Ontario
1956 Nikki Sudden, American musician (d. 2006)
1958 Peter Houston, Scottish footballer and coach
1958 Kazushi Kimura, Japanese footballer
1958 Reuben Kane, American professional wrestler
1958 Angharad Tomos, Welsh author and language activist
1959 Juan Jose Campanella, Argentine director
1960 Atom Egoyan, Canadian movie maker
1960 Steve Viksten, American television writer and voice actor
1961 Campbell Scott, American actor and director
1961 Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast
1961 Niall Mackenzie, Scottish motorcycle road racer
1961 Benoit Mariage, Belgian movie director
1961 Hideo Nakata, Japanese movie director
1961 Lisa Lampanelli, American comedienne
1962 Anthony Edwards, American actor
1964 Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, lyricist and actor
1965 Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist
1965 Hailemariam Desalegn, Prime Minister of Ethiopia
1965 Stuart Scott, American sportscaster (d. 2015)
1966 Nancy Carell, American actress
1968 Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer
1968 Robert Flynn, American musician (Machine Head)
1969 Gabrielle, English singer
1970 Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish politician, 5th First Minister of Scotland
1971 Urs Buhler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
1971 Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer and politician, Mayor of Kiev
1971 Naoki Soma, Japanese footballer
1971 Russell Allen, American singer
1971 Alan Marriott, Canadian voice actor
1972 Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer
1972 David Lammy, English politician
1973 Martin Powell, English musician (Cradle of Filth)
1973 Scott Walker, Canadian hockey player
1974 Preston Wilson, American baseball player
From 1976
1976 Eric Prydz, Swedish DJ and producer
1976 Benedict Cumberbatch, British actor
1976 Vinessa Shaw, American actress
1976 Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer
1976 Angela Griffin, English actress
1977 Tony Mamaluke, American wrestler
1977 Charles John Spencer, American professional wrestler
1978 Chiara Zanni, Canadian actress
1979 Luke Young, English footballer
1979 Rick Ankiel, American baseball pitcher
1980 Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
1980 Michelle Heaton, English singer and model (Liberty X)
1980 Mark Webber, American actor
1981 Didz Hammond, bassist/backing vocalist (Dirty Pretty Things and The Cooper Temple Clause)
1981 Nikki Osborne, Australian actress
1981 Chris Spicuzza, American musician (Chimaira)
1982 Jared Padalecki, American actor
1982 Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
1983 Brooke Kinsella, English actress
1983 Helen Skelton, English television presenter
1984 Diana Mocanu, Romanian swimmer
1984 Adam Morrison, American basketball player
1985 LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player
1985 Hadi Norouzi, Iranian footballer (d. 2015)
1986 Leandro Greco, Italian footballer
1987 Hugh Harris, English singer and guitarist (The Kooks)
1988 Shane Dawson, American comedian and actor
1988 Kevin Grosskreutz, German footballer
1990 Aron Palmarsson, Icelandic handball player
1990 Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor
1995 Maria Paseka, Russian gymnast
1996 Oh Ha-young, South Korean singer
1998 Erin Cuthbert, Scottish footballer
Deaths
Up to 1900
514 Pope Symmachus
806 Li Shigu, Chinese general (b. 778)
931 Uda of Japan (b. 867)
1374 Francesco Petrarca, Italian poet (b. 1304)
1415 Philippa of Lancaster (b. 1359)
1543 Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne Boleyn (b. 1499)
1631 Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)
1682 Yohannes I, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1640)
1692 Sarah Good, accused at the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1653)
1692 Susannah Martin, accused at the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1621)
1742 William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
1810 Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
1814 Matthew Flinders, English explorer of Australia (b. 1774)
1824 Agustin de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico (b. 1783)
1838 Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
1838 Christmas Evans, Welsh minister (b. 1766)
1850 Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
1857 Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1796)
1878 Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician (b. 1847)
1901 2000
1911 Manuel Iradier, Spanish explorer (b. 1854)
1913 Climaco Calderon, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
1925 Louis-Nazaire Begin, Archbishop of Quebec (b. 1840)
1943 Yekaterina Budanova, Soviet flying ace (b. 1916)
1947 Aung San, Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician (b. 1915)
1947 U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
1947 Lyuh Woon-hyung, South Korean politician (b. 1886)
1965 Rhee Syng-man, President of South Korea (b. 1875)
1970 Egon Eiermann, German architect and designer (b. 1904)
1974 Erno Schwarz, Hungarian footballer (b. 1904)
1975 Lefty Frizzell, American country musician and singer (b. 1928)
1977 Karl Ristikivi, Estonian writer (b. 1912)
1980 Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912)
1980 Hans Morgenthau, German political philosopher (b. 1904)
1982 Hugh Everett, American physicist (b. 1930)
1984 Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
1989 Kazimierz Sabbat, President of Poland (b. 1913)
1992 Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate (b. 1940)
From 2001
2003 Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1908)
2004 Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
2007 Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944)
2009 Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (b. 1930)
2009 Henry Surtees, British racing driver (b. 1991)
2010 David Warren, Australian inventor (b. 1925)
2012 Omar Suleiman, Egyptian army general, intelligence officer and politician (b. 1936)
2012 Hans Nowak, German footballer (b. 1937)
2013 Bert Trautmann, German footballer (b. 1923)
2013 Mel Smith, British comedian, actor, director and writer (b. 1952)
2013 Simon Pimenta, Indian cardinal (b. 1920)
2014 Lionel Ferbos, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1911)
2014 John Fasano, American screenwriter, producer and director (b. 1961)
2014 David Easton, Canadian political scientist (b. 1917)
2014 Ingemar Odlander, Swedish journalist (b. 1936)
2014 Yehuda Nir, Polish-born psychiatrist (b. 1930)
2014 Iring Fetscher, German political scientist (b. 1922)
2014 Rubem Alves, Brazilian theologian and philosopher (b. 1933)
2014 Paul M. Fleiss, American pediatrician (b. 1933)
2014 Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress (b. 1992)
2014 James Garner, American actor (b. 1928)
2015 Gennadiy Seleznyov, Russian politician (b. 1947)
2015 Galina Prozumenshchikova, Russian swimmer (b. 1948)
2015 Van Alexander, American jazz composer, arranger and bandleader (b. 1915)
2015 Stellan Bojerud, Swedish politician (b. 1944)
2015 Carmino Ravosa, Argentine composer (b. 1930)
2016 Carlos Gorostiza, Argentine playwright, theatre director and novelist (b. 1920)
2016 Garry Marshall, American director, actor, producer and writer (b. 1934)
2016 Chief Zee, American football fan (Washington Redskins) (b. 1941)
2017 Miguel Blesa, Spanish banker (b. 1947)
2017 Jake Butcher, American banker and politician (b. 1936)
2017 Blaoui Houari, Algerian singer-songwriter (b. 1926)
2017 Ralph Regula, American politician (b. 1924)
2018 Rayo de Jalisco Sr., Mexican professional wrestler and actor (b. 1932)
2018 Jon Schnepp, American film director and animator (b. 1967)
2018 Denis Ten, Kazakhstani figure skater (b. 1993)
2019 Agnes Heller, Hungarian philosopher (b. 1929)
2019 Cesar Pelli, Argentine architect (b. 1926)
2019 Yao Lee, Chinese singer (b. 1922)
2019 John Elya, Lebanese-born religious figure (b. 1928)
2019 Bert Rechichar, American football player (b. 1930)
2019 Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor (b. 1944)
2019 Don Mossi, American baseball player (b. 1929)
Observances
Sandinista Day (Nicaragua)
Martyrs' Day (Burma)
Christopher Street Day
Days of the year