kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Portuguese Empire

The Portuguese Empire (Portuguese: Imperio Portugues) was the first global empire in history. It spread from South America to Africa, India and South East Asia. It began with the Portuguese exploration of the world during the 15th century and it lasted longer than all the other modern European empires. It lasted almost five centuries. This is longer than the Spanish, British, and French Empires.
The Portuguese Empire had trade with the following areas:
Goa, Malacca and Southeast Asia
China and Japan
Spice Islands (Moluccas) and the Treaty of Zaragoza
South Asia, Persian Gulf and Red Sea
Sub-Saharan Africa
The 1890 British Ultimatum was an ultimatum by the British government, delivered on 11 January 1890 to Portugal. The ultimatum forced the retreat of Portuguese military forces from areas in Africa which had been claimed by Portugal, but which the United Kingdom occupied.
Fall
The Portuguese Empire, like the British, French and German empires, was fatally damaged by the two world wars fought in the 20th century. These European powers were pressured by the Soviet Union and the United States and by independence movements inside the colonial territories. By the end of the 20th century these colonial empires were history.
The rise of Soviet influence in the working class, and the cost of the Portuguese Colonial War (1961-1974), led to the collapse of the Portuguese Second Republic (Estado Novo) in 1974. The National Salvation Junta (Junta de Salvacao Nacional) - was to end the wars and take Portugal out of its African colonies. These events made thousands of Portuguese refugees from Portugal's African territories.
Civil wars soon broke out elsewhere. After years of fighting, Portugal gave Macau to China in 1999.
Legacy
The seven former colonies of Portugal have Portuguese as their official language. They are members of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries with Portugal. Today Portuguese is one of the world's major languages. It is the language of Brazil, which is the largest country in South America.
Raymond P. Kogovsek

Raymond Peter "Ray" Kogovsek (August 19, 1941 - April 30, 2017) was an American politician. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives representing Colorado's 3rd congressional district from January 3, 1979 through January 3, 1985. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He then served in the Colorado Senate from 1974 to 1978.
Kogovsek was born in Pueblo, Colorado. He studied at the University of Denver. Kogovsek died in Pueblo, Colorado on April 30, 2017 at the age of 75.
1450

1450 was a common year in the 15th century.
Events
May 8 - Kentishmen revolt against King Henry VI.
June 18 - rebels are driven from London by loyal troops, bringing about the collapse of the rebellion.
Wolves enter Paris and kill 40 citizens
Age of Discovery starts.
A revolt ends Mayapan's rule over all of the Yucatan.
Saint Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica

Saint Elizabeth is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Cornwall. The parish capital is Black River.
Bazouges-sur-le-Loir

Bazouges-sur-le-Loir is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Bazouges Cre sur Loir.
Disability bullying

Disability bullying is a pattern of behavior. It is about an imbalance of social, physical or other power involving a person or group who has a disability.
Studies show that bullying happens to people with disabilities more often than to others in general.
Hate crime
Disability bullying can become a type of hate crime or hate speech. It is a kind of abuse.
Swift (disambiguation)

A swift is a type of bird.
Swift could also mean:
Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT)
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745), writer
Taylor Swift (born 1989), country music singer
Swift a programming language made by Apple Inc.
Opsin

Opsins are the universal photoreceptor molecules of all visual systems in the animal kingdom.
They change from a resting state to a signalling state by absorbing light. This activates the G protein, resulting in a signalling cascade which produces physiological responses.
This process of capturing a photon and transforming it into a physiological response is known as phototransduction.
Five groups of opsins are involved in vision. Another opsin found in the mammalian retina, melanopsin, is involved in circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex, but not in image-forming.
Some opsins allows vision in just a short stretch of wavelength. This is equivalent to seeing in only one colour. Two opsins allow vision in two colours, and is usual in mammals. Four opsins allows vision in full colour, and is usual in teleost fish, reptiles and birds. In mammals, only Old World monkeys, apes and humans have trichromacy, full colour vision.
It is thought - see evolution of colour vision - that mammals lost much of their colour vision capability during the long period in the Mesozoic when they lived as mostly nocturnal animals.
Ray Tomlinson

Raymond Samuel Tomlinson (April 23, 1941 - March 5, 2016) was an American programmer. He created the first email system on the ARPANET system in 1971. He used the @ sign to separate the user from their machine, which has been used in email addresses ever since. He was added into the Internet Hall of Fame. He was born in Amsterdam, New York.
Tomlinson died of a heart attack in Lincoln, Massachusetts. He was aged 74.
Harry Kim (politician)

Harry Kim (born 1939) is an American politician. He is the Mayor of Hawaii County since December 2016. He served as Mayor from 2000-2008. Prior to his election, he was the county's civil defense director.
While Kim first ran for mayor as a Republican, he considers himself to be nonpartisan.
Acetic acid

Acetic acid, or ethanoic acid, (CH3COOH) is a carboxylic acid. It is the main compound of vinegar, other than water.
It tastes and smells sour; it has no color. Its melting point is 16.5 degC(61.6 degF) and its boiling point is 118.1 degC(244.5 degF). It has a pH of 2.4.
Acetic acid is commonly used as a food additive. It has the E numbers E 260 (acetic acid).
Potassium acetate (E 261), sodium acetate (E 262), and calcium acetate (E 2639) are salts of acetic acid; they are commonly used to preserve food, usually vegetables. In sourdough, ethanol fermentation is used.
Annabelle (doll)

Annabelle is an allegedly haunted Raggedy Ann doll, housed in the (now closed) occult museum of the paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren. Annabelle was moved there after supposed hauntings in 1970. A character based on the doll is one of the antagonists that appear in the Conjuring Universe.
Vine

A vine is a climbing plant which use stems or runners. These runners trail on the ground, and will climb up when it is possible. It is a growth habit or life habit which makes use of trees to reach light in natural habitats.
In the United Kingdom, the term "vine" applies almost exclusively to the grapevine, whereas the term "climber" is used for all climbing plants. The grapevine, genus Vitis, carries berries which can be made into wine.
In the United States, all climbing plants are called vines or ivies or sometimes creepers (like the Virigina Creeper).
Most vines are flowering plants. These may be divided into woody vines or lianas, such as wisteria, kiwifruit, and common ivy, and herbaceous (nonwoody) vines, such as morning glory.
Killing Lincoln (movie)

Killing Lincoln is a 2013 American television movie that was based on Bill O'Reilly's book Killing Lincoln. It was narrated by Tom Hanks.
The television movie was produced by Ridley Scott and Tony Scott. It stars Billy Campbell and Jesse Johnson. It was released to positive reviews on February 17, 2013. Another television movie based on Bill O'Reilly's Killing Kennedy was released on November 10, 2013 starring Rob Lowe.
Neuve-Chapelle

Neuve-Chapelle is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Touraine

Touraine () is one of the traditional provinces of France. Its capital was Tours. In 1790 France changed from being divided into provinces to being divided into departments. Touraine was divided between the departments of Indre-et-Loire, :Loir-et-Cher and Indre.
Geography
Touraine has a network of rivers. The Loire and its tributaries the Cher, the Indre and the Vienne all make up a part of the Paris river basin. It is well known for its wine. The TGV connects Tours with Paris. The trip takes less than an hour. This has made Touraine a place of residence for people who work in the capital but seek a different quality of life.
History
Touraine takes its name from a Celtic tribe called the Turones, who inhabited the Tours region about two thousand years ago.
In 1044, the control of Touraine was given to the counts of Anjou. This same dynasty who (as the House of Plantagenet) became kings of England in 1154. The castle of Chinon was their great stronghold. In 1205, Philip II Augustus of France regained Touraine. At this time, Touraine was made into a Duchy. In 1429, Saint Joan of Arc had a historic meeting with the future King of France Charles VII at Chinon. Throughout the late 15th and 16th centuries, Touraine was a favorite residence of French kings. The castles were converted to Renaissance chateaux; for this reason the region was titled "The Garden of France". These same chateaux became popular tourist attractions in modern times. The royal duchy became a province in 1584, and was divided into departments in 1790.
Famous natives
Rene Descartes
Honore de Balzac
Famous non-natives
Leonardo da Vinci died in Amboise in 1519
Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, Duke of Touraine leader of the Army of Scotland in France during the Hundred Years' War.
Hydrogen sulfate

Hydrogen sulfate, also known as bisulfate, is an ion. Its chemical formula is HSO4-. It is formed as part of sulfuric acid, H2SO4.
Chemical compounds containing this ion are known as bisulfates or hydrogen sulfates. An example would be sodium bisulfate. Hydrogen sulfates are acidic. They can be used as a weaker form of acid than sulfuric acid. It is a salt of sulfuric acid. In these compounds, sulfuric acid is deprotonated once. In the sulfate ion, it is deprotonated twice.
2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)

The 2015 Labour Party leadership election was election to choose the leader of the Labour Party in the United Kingdom. It won by Jeremy Corbyn. The election was held because Ed Miliband resigned on 8 May 2015, after the party's defeat at the 2015 general election. Harriet Harman, the Deputy Leader, became Acting Leader but announced that she would resign after the leadership election.
Candidates
Four candidates were successfully nominated to stand in the election: Andy Burnham, Yvette Cooper, Jeremy Corbyn and Liz Kendall. The voting process began on Friday 14 August 2015 and closed on Thursday 10 September 2015. The results were announced on Saturday 12 September 2015. Voting was by Labour Party members and registered supporters. They voted using the alternative vote system.
Results
When Corbyn entered the election, he was considered unlikely to win. However, support for him increased quickly. Opinion polls showed him leading against the other candidates. This led to warnings from people such as Gordon Brown, Tony Blair, Jack Straw, David Miliband, and Alastair Campbell. Many of them claimed that Corbyn's election as leader would leave the party unable to win elections. Corbyn won the election in the first round, with 59.5% of the votes.
Armenians in Switzerland

Swiss-Armenians are citizens of Switzerland who are of Armenian ancestry. This means that they are ethnic Armenians, but live in Switzerland. The exact number of Armenians in Switzerland is not known. In the 2010 census, the number of Swiss citizens who claimed to be Armenian was 612. The full number of Armenians living in Switzerland is said to be between 3,000 and 5,000.
The majority of Swiss Armenians are members of the Armenian Apostolic Church. There are four church regions (tems): Geneva, Zurich, Neuchatel and Lugano. There are also a smaller number of Armenian Catholics, and even a smaller number of Armenian Evangelicals.
A number of Armenian associations operate in Switzerland:
(UAS) is the biggest Armenian association in Switzerland. It is based in Geneva, and organises a European Intercommunity Tournament in the city every year.
(UGAB)
, established in 2006.
in Zurich was established in 2005.
. Since 1986 it publishes the bilingual in French and Armenian.
Switzerland-Armenia Association ( / ), a major community organisation for Armenians in Switzerland. It is based in Bern. It supports the strengthening of Armenian history, culture and identity.
Cryptista

Cryptista is a clade of eukaryotes. It is related to Archaeplastida, and is in the group Diaphoretickes.
Although it has sometimes been put with Haptista in the group Hacrobia, which is in the kingdom Chromista, studies have said that Hacrobia is not a clade.
Taxonomy
Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015
Corbihelia
Phylum Microheliellida Tedersoo 2017 [Endohelia Cavalier-Smith 2015]
Class Endohelea Cavalier-Smith 2012
Clade Cryptista s.s.
Phylum Palpitophyta Tedersoo 2017
Class Palpitea Cavalier-Smith 2012
Clade Rollomonadia Cavalier-Smith 2013 stat. nov.
Zinc aluminium

Zinc aluminium, also called ZA, are alloys of zinc and aluminium. They make good bearings. They work similar to Babbitt metal. Different amounts of aluminium can be added to make different properties. The percentage of aluminium can be known by a number. ZA8 means there is 8% aluminium.
Racers (movie)

Racers () is a 1972 Soviet drama movie directed by Igor Maslennikov. It stars Yevgeny Leonov, Oleg Yankovsky, and Georgiy Burkov.
Cornflower blue

Cornflower blue is a shade of blue containing relatively little green. Cornflower blue is also a Crayola color with hexadecimal code #93CCEA. It was originally introduced in 1958, in the box of 48 crayons. The color is also called light cornflower blue.
Variations
Dark cornflower blue
Dark cornflower blue is a dark shade of cornflower blue containing relatively little navy blue.
Light cornflower blue
Light cornflower blue is the color called cornflower in Crayola. It was originally introduced in 1958, in the box of 48 crayons.
Navy cornflower blue
Main article: Navy blue
Navy cornflower blue is the darkest shade of cornflower blue. While not as dark as navy blue, it is still one of the darkest colors. Like how you create dark cornflower blue by mixing cornflower with black, you can make this by mixing dark cornflower blue with black.
Baden Teague

Baden Chapman Teague (born 18 September 1944) is an Australian politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He served as a Senator for South Australia from 1977 until his retirement in 1996.
Teague was born in Adelaide, South Australia. He married Katherine Jane Packard in 1972. The couple have three sons, including Josh Teague.
Hyun Hee

Hyun Hee (born October 4, 1976 in Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) is a retired South Korean epee fencer.
At the 2002 FIE World Championships Hyun won the women's individual epee final match over Imke Duplitzer of Germany 15-11. She was the first Asian fencer to win a gold medal at the World Championships. In that year, Hyun was named South Korean Sportswoman of the Year.
Old East Slavic

Old East Slavic (traditionally also Old Russian; ; ; ) was a language used during the 10th-15th centuries by East Slavs in Kievan Rus'.
Ice lolly

An ice lolly, ice lollipop, lolly ice or ice pop, is a frozen snack of flavoured ice. It is made by freezing flavoured liquid (such as fruit juice) or cream around a wooden stick. Once the liquid freezes solid, the stick can be used as a handle to hold the ice pop. In the United States, the snack is also referred to as a popsicle after the brand.
In the city of Liverpool, UK, the term 'Lolly Ice' is used, for reasons unclear. This is specific to Liverpool; the remainder of the UK use the term 'Ice Lolly'.
Term usage in UK, USA and Canada
The term ice lolly is used primarily in the United Kingdom, with variations used in other English-speaking countries. In the United States and Canada, the same frozen snack is often termed a 'popsicle' or 'ice pop'. The term has also been used as branding for the tourism website Ice Lolly.
Gary Lineker

Gary Lineker (born 30 November 1960) is an English retired footballer. He has played for the English national team. He scored 48 goals for the English national team. He then went on television on the BBC on Match of the Day. He was the highest paid presenter at the BBC. In 2020 he was paid PS1.75 million.
In March 2023 he tweeted about the proposed Illegal Migration Bill: "This is just an immeasurably cruel policy directed at the most vulnerable people in language that is not dissimilar to that used by Germany in the '30s, and I'm out of order?". The BBC wanted him to apologise for making a political comment, but he wouldnt. They then took him off Match of the Day. The other people from the show all supported him. So did many other sport presenters.
Cindy Kiro

Kahurangi (Dame) Alcyion Cynthia Kiro (born 1958) is a New Zealand public health academic, administrator, and activist. She is the 22nd Governor-General of New Zealand since 21 October 2021. Kiro is the first Maori woman, the third person of Maori descent, and the fourth woman to hold the office.
Kiro studied at Massey University where she completed a PhD in 2001.
Alstom

Alstom is a French company specialized in rail transport. It is based in Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine, France. It is one of the largest rail transport manufacturer in the world.
In 2021, the Group bought the Bombardier Transportation company.
The company was founded in 1928.
I'll Be Missing You

I'll Be Missing You is a song performed by American rapper Puff Daddy and singer Faith Evans featuring 112. It was in memory of Christopher "The Notorious B.I.G." Wallace. He was killed in Los Angeles on March 9, 1997. It sampled the melody of The Police's Every Breath You Take song from the 1980s. As well as these artists, Sting (vocalist from The Police) joined in at the MTV Video Music Awards in 1997.
Hitoshi Sasaki

Hitoshi Sasaki can mean:
Hitoshi Sasaki (footballer, born 1891) (Zuo "Mu Deng ) - Japanese footballer
Hitoshi Sasaki (footballer, born 1973) (Zuo "Mu Ren ) - Japanese footballer
Hello Neighbor

Hello Neighbor is a survival horror stealth game developed by Russian game development studio Dynamic Pixels and published by tinyBuild. The aim of the game is for the player to successfully sneak into the basement of their neighbor's house to uncover a secret. The game's artificial intelligence (AI) modifies the neighbor's behavior based on the player's past actions.
A prequel, Hello Neighbor: Hide and Seek, was announced in August 2018 with a planned release in December 2018. Hide and Seek is about the events of the Neighbor's family that caused the Neighbor to become a very private person.
Subway (restaurant)

Subway is a corporation that operates a large chain of fast food restaurants. These restaurants mainly sell submarine sandwiches, but also pizzas and salads. The name "Subway" comes from the New York City Subway, a public transport system in New York City, and many restaurants are decorated with historic photographs and maps of the subway system.
The first Subway outside of North America opened in Bahrain, in December 1984. Today, there are more than 44,000 Subway locations in 112 countries across the world, making it the world's largest fast food restaurant chain by number of stores. It has more stores than McDonald's, but McDonald's earns more revenue than Subway.
Since 2007, Subway has consistently ranked in Entrepreneur Magazines' top 500 franchise list. It also ranked 2nd on the "Fastest Growing Franchise" lists. In March 2011, Subway was named "the most loved fast food chain in the US" by Amplicate.com.
Products
Subway's main product is a type of sandwich called a submarine sandwich or "sub". Each sub is made from a combination of baguette, meat, cheese and vegetables. Subway has different menu items for different countries. However, there are some common products that are sold in most countries. They are:
Italian BMT (Stands for "Biggest, Meatiest, Tastiest" though it stood for "Brooklyn Manhattan Transit" at first.)
Steak & Cheese
Meatball Marinara
Chicken Teriyaki
Subway Club
Chicken & Bacon Ranch
Tuna
Roasted Chicken
Veggie Delite
Regional variations
Subway formerly had 23 kosher restaurants in Israel. All were closed by 2004. In the United States, there used to be 12 locations with kosher food. As of 2011 only 5 were open.
Subway opened its first restaurant in India in 2001 in New Delhi. Subway restaurants in India do not serve beef and pork products in deference to Hindu and Muslim beliefs respectively. Subway opened its first all-vegetarian outlet on the campus of Lovely Professional University (LPU) in Jalandhar, Punjab. In 2009, Zagat Survey Says "Top Overall", Behind Wendy's.
Mountain pine beetle

Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a species of insect pest which lives in the forests of western Canada and the United States. The beetle feeds on the inner bark of pine trees like the lodgepole pine, forming tunnels under the bark to lay their eggs. Normally, the mountain pine beetle prefers to attack sick or old trees because they can't defend themselves easily. However, sometimes the beetles become so numerous that they will group up and start attacking healthy trees in massive outbreaks. This makes the control and monitoring of mountain pine beetle very important for the forest industry in Canada and the U.S., because massive outbreaks of mountain pine beetle can kill entire forests.
Recently, a large outbreak of the beetle in British Columbia became a major problem, killing millions of trees across the province. Due to global warming making it easier for the beetle to survive high in the Canadian Rockies, the beetle was able to spread into Alberta, Canada, where the beetle has never been seen before. Scientists are worried that there is nothing stopping the mountain pine beetle from spreading across the entire continent now.
The Unknown Soldier (1955 movie)

The Unknown Soldier (, ) is a 1955 Finnish World War II movie directed by Edvin Laine and was based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Vaino Linna. It stars Kosti Klemela, Heikki Savolainen, Reino Tolvanen, Veikko Sinisalo, Pentti Siimes, Leo Riuttu, Jussi Jurkka and Ake Lindman.
Gallia County, Ohio

Gallia County (pronunciation: GAL-yuh) is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 30,934. Its county seat is Gallipolis.
Accuracy and precision

The accuracy and precision of measurements have special meanings in the fields of science, engineering, industry and statistics.
The accuracy of a measurement system is how close it gets to a quantity's actual (true) value.
The precision of a measurement system is the degree to which repeated measurements give the same results.
A measurement system can be accurate but not precise, precise but not accurate, neither, or both. For example, if an experiment contains a error in the way it is done, then increasing the sample size generally increases precision but does not improve accuracy. The end result would be a consistent, yet inaccurate, set of results from the flawed experiment. Eliminating the systematic error improves accuracy but does not change precision.
A measurement system is valid if it is both accurate and precise. Related terms include bias (non-random or directed effects caused by a factor or factors unrelated to the independent variable) and error (random variability).
Related topics
The terminology is also applied to indirect measurements--that is, values obtained by a computational procedure from observed data.
In addition to accuracy and precision, measurements may also have a measurement resolution, which is the smallest change in the underlying physical quantity that produces a response in the measurement.
Different meanings of 'precision'
The word "precision" also refers to how fine the measurement is made, as the resolution of the measurement, such as to the nearest meter, centimeter, or yard, foot, inch, or nanometer.
In the case of full reproducibility, such as when rounding a number to a representable floating point number, the word precision has a meaning not related to reproducibility. For example, in the IEEE 754-2008 standard, it means the number of bits in the significand (number of digits in the amount), so it is used as a measure for the relative accuracy with which a number can be shown.
Vincent Barabba

Vincent Barabba (born September 6, 1934) is an American market researcher, author, and politician. He was the 14 Director of the United States Census Bureau from 1973 until 1976 and from 1979 until 1981.
St. Gallen (constituency)

Saint Gallen is a constituency of Switzerland.
Hummie van der Tonnekreek

Alida Helena "Hummie" van der Tonnekreek (16 April 1945 - 19 January 2022) was a Dutch journalist and editor.
Van der Tonnekreek started working as an editor at Margriet, but later she made career as a reporter at the gossip magazine . She then worked for a short time at and finally was editor-in-chief at and AvantGarde, where she left after a conflict in 1998. Van der Tonnekreek became known to the public when she became editor-in-chief of the television series Big Brother in 1999. She was the all editions editor-in-chief untill Big Brother 6 in 2006. She was also editor-in-chief of the reality series , and Hotel Big Brother. In 2011, she was involved as a consultant on the Big Brother spin-off Secret Story.
Van der Tonnekreek had lung cancer She died in Hillegom on 19 January 2022, at the age of 76.
Presseck

Presseck is a municipality in Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany.
Sanne van der Werff

Sanne van der Werff (born 11 March 1998) is a Dutch korfball player. She is a member of PKC and the Netherlands national korfball team.
Van der Werff is a player of the national team since 2021. With the national team she won the gold medal at the 2022 World Games in Birmingham, Alabama.
Linezolid

Linezolid is an antibiotic. It can heal serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that other antibiotics are do not heal. Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria which cause disease, like streptococci and MRSA. It is mainly used to treat infections of the skin and pneumonia.
It is relatively safe to take linezolid for short periods. It can be used in people of all ages and in people with liver disease or poor kidney function. Common harmful effects of short-term use include headache, diarrhea, and nausea. Long-term use, however, has been associated with more serious harmful effects.
Linezolid was discovered in the 1990s by a team at Pharmacia & Upjohn Company. It was first approved for use in 2000. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, which is a list of medications needed in a basic health system. Linezolid costs approximately US$100 per tablet in the United States.
Society and culture
Brand names
Linezolid is marketed by Pfizer under the trade names Zyvox (in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and several other countries), Zyvoxid (in Europe), and Zyvoxam (in Canada and Mexico). Generics are also available, such as Linospan/Lizomed (in India), Nezocin (in Pakistan), and Linzolid (in Bangladesh, by Incepta).
Haute-Savoie

Haute-Savoie is a departement in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region of southeastern France, bordering Switzerland and Italy.
Name
Before 1860, the territory of the modern Haute-Savoie and Savoie departments had been part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, as a Duchy, since 1713. Annexation of the region by France was made in 1860. In that year, the Emperor Napoleon III divided the territory in two departments: Savoie, to the south, with the city of Chambery, and Haute-Savoie, to the north, with the city of Annecy.
Haute ("High") in the name Haute-Savoie is not because of the altitude but because of its position, to the north, in the territory.
History
The department of Haute-Savoie was created in 1860 from the northern part of the Duchy of Sardinia with four arrondissements: Annecy, Bonneville, Saint-Julien and Thonon. The capital was Annecy.
On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Saint-Julien was eliminated but became again an arrondissement in 1933.
During World War II, the department was occupied by the fascist Italy, from November 1942 to September 1943.
Geography
The Haute-Savoie is part of the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region. It has an area of .
The department borders with the Ain and Savoie departments, both in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region, and with Switzerland and Italy.
In the territory of the department is a part of the Mont Blder with Italy. The average altitude of the department is of about . The highest point in the department is Mont Blanc (; it is high, the highest point of France, Italy and of Western Europe.
The Haute-Savoie department is within the watershed of the Rhone river but with short rivers. There are two important lakes in the department: the Lake Geneva, shared with Switzerland, and the Lake Annecy.
Climate
The Koppen climate classification type for the climate at Annecy is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype Cfb.
Administration
Haute-Savoie is managed by the Departmental
of Haute-Savoie in Annecy. The department is part of the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region.
Administrative divisions
There are 4 arrondissements (districts), 17 cantons and 281 communes (municipalities) in Haute-Savoie.
The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Haute-Savoie department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Annecy-1 (7401)
Annecy-2 (7402)
Annecy-le-Vieux (7403)
Annemasse (7404)
Bonneville (7405)
Cluses (7406)
Evian-les-Bains (7407)
Faverges (7408)
Gaillard (7409)
Le Mont-Blanc (7410)
La Roche-sur-Foron (7411)
Rumilly (7412)
Saint-Julien-en-Genevois (7413)
Sallanches (7414)
Sciez (7415)
Seynod (7416)
Thonon-les-Bains (7417)
Demographics
The inhabitants of Haute-Savoie are known, in French, as Haut-Savoyards (women: Haut-Savoyardes).
Haute-Savoie had a population, in 2014, of 783,127, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Annecy, with 276,382 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.
Giovanni da Palestrina

Giovanni da Palestrina (born Palestrina, (c.1525 - February 2, 1594 in Rome) was a very important Italian composer of church music of his time. He lived in the period called the Renaissance. Most of his music was choral (written for choirs). It is very polyphonic. This means that the different voices (sopranos, altos, tenors or basses) are often singing different words and different parts of the tune at the same time. Many composers since have studied the way that Palestrina wrote, because this is an excellent way to learn to write contrapuntal music.
Palestrina took his name from the town where he was born. We are not sure of the exact date of his birth. Any records of his birth were destroyed when the town burned in 1577. He was probably a choirboy in Palestrina. When he was grown up he got a job as organist and choir director at the Roman basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. He was not earning much money, but he married a lady who came from a very rich family, so he was comfortably off. Pope Julius III heard about how good this young composer was. He asked him to come and meet him. He was given the job of master of the Capella Juliana, the choir that sang at the services in St Peter's, Rome. This was the top job in Italy and he was only 26. Of course, Palestrina composed a mass in the pope's honour.
Palestrina composed 93 masses (these are musical settings of the words of the communion service). He also wrote motets and madrigals. Palestrina and Lassus were the two greatest composers of the late Renaissance.
Carlo de Gavardo

Carlo Alberto de Gavardo Prohens (14 July 1969 - 4 July 2015) was a Chilean motorist and motorcyclist. He has participated in numerous rallies worldwide, including the Dakar Rally and Rallye des Pharaons. He was the first Chilean motorcyclist to run the Paris-Dakar from beginning to end.
Remetea, Bihor

Remetea is a commune in Bihor County, in the western of Romania.
Pocket

A pocket is a bag which is part of an item of clothing, reached through an opening in the clothing. The fabric of the clothing is shaped to make these little pouches or purses which are very handy for keeping small amounts of money and other small objects for daily use.
Pockets can be on pants, shirts, skirts, or dresses. Pockets come in very different styles, shapes, closed or unclosed with zippers or buttons. Some styles of clothing though, do not have pockets.
Weilersbach

Weilersbach is a municipality in the district of Forchheim in Bavaria in Germany.
A Change Would Do You Good

"A Change Would Do You Good" is a 1997 song by American country rock singer Sheryl Crow and taken from her 1996 self-titled album. It went to number 2 in Canada and number 8 in the United Kingdom. The music video pays homage to 1960s fantasy sitcom series Bewitched.
Track listings
UK CD1 and Australasian CD single
"A Change Would Do You Good"
"Hard to Make a Stand" (live from Shepherd's Bush Empire)
"On the Outside" (live from Shepherd's Bush Empire)
"A Change Would Do You Good" (live from Shepherd's Bush Empire)
UK CD2
"A Change Would Do You Good"
"Everyday Is a Winding Road" (live from Shepherd's Bush Empire)
"Can't Cry Anymore" (live from Shepherd's Bush Empire)
"Leaving Las Vegas" (live from Shepherd's Bush Empire)
UK CD3
"A Change Would Do You Good"
"Everyday Is a Winding Road"
"If It Makes You Happy"
"Hard to Make a Stand"
European CD single
"A Change Would Do You Good" (LP version) - 3:50
"Hard to Make a Stand" (live from Shepherd's Bush Empire) - 4:23
List of countries

This is a list of sovereign states. Disputed countries are listed at the bottom.
Madison County

Madison County is the name of several counties in the United States:
Madison County, Alabama
Madison County, Arkansas
Madison County, Florida
Madison County, Georgia
Madison County, Idaho
Madison County, Illinois
Madison County, Indiana
Madison County, Iowa
Madison County, Kentucky
Madison Parish, Louisiana
Madison County, Mississippi
Madison County, Missouri
Madison County, Montana
Madison County, Nebraska
Madison County, New York
Madison County, North Carolina
Madison County, Ohio
Madison County, Tennessee
Madison County, Texas
Madison County, Virginia
Other
The Bridges of Madison County, book and movie set in Madison County, Iowa
Madison County (movie), a 2011 movie
Francis Gary Powers

Francis Gary Powers (Jenkins, Kentucky August 17, 1929 - Los Angeles, California, August 1, 1977) was an American pilot. He was known for piloting a Central Intelligence Agency U-2 spy plane which was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission over the Soviet Union. This caused the 1960 U-2 incident, and played a large role in the Cold War.
Powers was held as a prisoner of war in the Soviet Union. On February 10, 1962, Powers was exchanged in a spy swap in Berlin. The exchange was for Soviet KGB Colonel Vilyam Fisher, known as "Rudolf Abel", who had been caught by the FBI and tried and jailed for espionage. Powers credited his father with the swap idea. When released, Powers's total time in captivity was 1 year, 9 months, and 10 days.
Powers died in Los Angeles County, California in a helicopter crash, aged 47.
Second Alcibiades

Second Alcibiades (also called Alcibiades II or Alcibiades minor) is a text in Ancient Greek. It is a dialogue. Originally, it was attributed to Plato, but today it is thought Plato was not the author. In the dialogue, Socrates talks to the young Alcibiades. Alcibiades later became a successful statesman and general. The two people talk about philosophical aspects of prayer. The starting point of the question is how prayer should be performed correctly, and what to pray for.
The Quarterback (1926 movie)

The Quarterback is a 1926 American comedy movie directed by Fred C. Newmeyer and starring Richard Dix, David Butler, Esther Ralston, Harry Beresford. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Harderwijk

Harderwijk (Dutch Low Saxon: Harderwiek) is a municipality found in the Dutch province of Gelderland. As of 2021, about 49,000 are living there.
Saint-Jean-de-Luz

Saint-Jean-de-Luz is a commune in the Pyrenees-Atlantiques department in the Basque Country.
Billy & Mandy's Big Boogey Adventure

Billy & Mandy's Big Boogey Adventure is a 2007 animated TV movie based on The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy.
Plot
Grim has been put on trial and his powers, rank and title of Reaper are given to his rival, Boogey.
Cast
Richard Steven Horvitz as Billy, Harold
Grey DeLisle as Mandy
Greg Eagles as Grim
Vanessa Marshall as Irwin
Fred Willard as Boogey
George Segal as Horror
Jennifer Hale as Gladys
Rachael MacFarlane as Parrot
C.H. Greenblatt as Fred Fredburger
Phil LaMarr as Judge Roy Spleen
Armin Shimerman as General Skarr
Lauren Tom as Numbuh 3
Home media
The movie was released on now out-of-print DVDs. It came with the episode "Bully Boogie", Boogey's debut in the franchise.
Margarita Stāraste-Bordevīka

Margarita Staraste-Bordevika (; born Margarita Barvikha (); 2 February 1914 - 18 February 2014) was a Russian-born Latvian author and illustrator. She was known for her books for children.
Her most popular books are "Balti tiri sniega viri" (1942), "Ziemassvetku pasakas" (1943), "Ziluks" (1961), "Pasaku abece" (1969) and "Lacisa Rucisa raiba diena" (1977). Her first book was published in 1942. She co-authored a collection of folk songs in Livonian. "Uru! Ruru!" (1994) was published in both Latvian and Livonian.
She was born Margarita Barvika on 2 February 1914 in Vladimir, Russian Empire. She was awarded the title as Commander of the Order of the Three Stars on 7 April 1999.
Margarita Staraste-Bordevika died on 18 February 2014, at the age of 100.
Grièges

Grieges is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Pescetarianism

Pescetarianism means having a diet that is vegetarianism but with fish and other seafoods.
Teeradej Meepien

Teeradej Meepien (, , ; born 21 March 1940) is a Thai retired general and politician. From 2007 to 2010, he was the Chief Ombudsman of Thailand. From May 2011 to July 2012, he was the President of the Senate of Thailand who is ex officio also the Vice President of the National Assembly.
WrestleMania

WrestleMania is an yearly professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment since 1985. It is the company's biggest show of the year so it has nicknames like:
"The Showcase of the Immortals"
"The Granddaddy of 'em All"
"The Grandest Stage of Them All"'
WrestleMania is equal to the National Football League's Super Bowl and Major League Baseball's World Series.
The thirtieth edition of the event took place on April 6, 2014 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Nobody's Fool (1994 movie)

Nobody's Fool is a 1994 American comedy-drama movie. The movie takes place in a fictional town in New York. It stars Paul Newman. Jessica Tandy, Melanie Griffith, Bruce Willis are also members of the cast. Nobody's Fool was released to very good review by critics. It also did well at the box office.
Varick, New York

Varick is a town in Seneca County, New York, United States. The population was 1,857 at the 2010 census.
Bushfood

Bushfood (also called bush tucker in Australia) is any food native to Australia eaten by the original inhabitants, the Australian Aborigines. Most bushfoods are very nutritious. Examples of native animal foods (meats) are kangaroo, emu and crocodile. These are quite common and can be found in many supermarkets and restaurants. Other animals, like lizards and grubs, were eaten by aboriginal (native) Australians, long before white people came to the area. It also includes fruits and berries. The most famous native bushfood plant is the macadamia nut. This is farmed and sold in large numbers.
By the end of the 19th century, there were only less than 100.000 Aboriginal people. Since the arrival of the settlers, the native population died from new diseases, alcohol and poverty, as their native land was taken away from them. They had to move to places where they could not live in their traditional way. Most of their languages died out. Until the 1960s, children were taken away from their families and forced to live in children's homes ("Stolen Generation"). The idea was to make them "good" Australians by educating them "properly".
Yenisey Gonzalez Dias

Yenisey Gonzalez Dias (born 22 November 1987) is a Cuban female volleyball player. She played for the Cuba women's national volleyball team. She played at the 2006 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, 2007 FIVB Women's World Cup, and 2008 Summer Olympic Games qualifications.
She played for La Habana, She served on the IOC Committee.
Benoît Assou-Ekotto

Benoit Assou-Ekotto (born 24 March 1984) is a Cameroonian football player. He plays for Tottenham Hotspur and Cameroon national team.
Chris Daughtry

Christopher Adam "Chris" Daughtry (born December 26, 1979) is an American singer. He is best known for being the fourth-place finisher on American Idol. He is also the lead singer of Daughtry. His band released their first album in 2006.
Corso di Porta Romana

The Corso di Porta Romana is a luxury street in the center Milan. Designer Miuccia Prada lives in Corso di Porta Romana in Milan.
From the square Largo della Crocetta to Piazza Missori, Corso di Porta Romana is part of the prestigious and exclusive Quadronno district.
The street is 1490 meters long. It links the Arc of Porta Romana and the square Piazza Missori.
The stylist Miuccia Prada has always lived in these street as well as numerous celebrities from the show business, fashion stylist and millionaires sports champions. Historically, the street had always been the residence of the high nobility of Milan. Since the times of ancient Rome, Corso di Porta Romana, was the road that led to Rome, and it was the Empire main street of Milano, where the most important ceremonials took place in the city. Corso di Porta Romana is the road that leads to the Fondazione Prada, which has created a new district of high luxury alternative to Via Monte Napoleone.
Streets inside this area include Largo della Crocetta, Corso di Porta Vigentina, Piazza Velasca, Via Rugabella, Via Santa Sofia, Via Francesco Sforza, Via Alfonso Lamarmora, Via Orti, Via dei Pellegrini, Via Madre Cabrini, Via Eugenio Vania and Via Angelo Filippetti. The most important street in the area is the tree-lined avenue of Viale Beatrice d'Este in the Quadronno district.
Real estate market
The cost for apartment need from 12,000 to 15,000 euros per square meter, even if some penthouse have been sold for 25,000 euros per metre; when renting, the cost of 80 square meters can reach 7,500 euros per month (excluding condominium costs).
Jennifer Granholm

Jennifer Granholm (born February 5, 1959) is a Canadian born American politician. Granholm is the 16th United States Secretary of Energy since 2021 under the Joe Biden administration. She was the Governor of Michigan from 2003 to 2011. Granholm was born in Canada and raised in California. She ran for governor of Michigan in 2002, even though she had lived in the state for less than 15 years.
On December 15, 2020, President-elect Joe Biden nominated Granholm to be Secretary of Energy. Her nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 25, 2021 with a 64-35 vote.
J. G. Quintel

James Garland "J. G." Quintel (born September 13, 1982) is an American animator, television writer, and voice actor. He is best known as the creator of the animated television series, Regular Show on Cartoon Network. He was also the creative director of The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack on Cartoon Network. He won an Primetime Emmy Award in 2012.
Quintel was born on September 13, 1982 in Hanford, California. He studied at the California Institute of the Arts.
Daviston, Alabama

Daviston is a town in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 214, down from 267 in 2000.
N'guigmi Department

N'guigmi is a department of the Diffa Region in Niger. Its capital is the city of N'guigmi. As of 2011, 77,748 people lived there.
Shangri-La (Titan)

Shangri-La is a large, dark area on Saturn's moon Titan. It is at . The place is named after Shangri-La, the imaginary valley in Tibet. Some people think it is a very wide plain of dark material. These broad, dark areas of Titan may have been seas, but now they are dry.
Shangri-La has several areas of higher ground it. These are brighter and are called "islands". Regions of high ground surround Shangri-La: Xanadu is to the east, Adiri to the west, and Dilmun to the north.
The Huygens probe landed on a western part of Shangri-La, close to Adiri.
Aberystwyth Town F.C.

Aberystwyth Town Football Club are a Welsh football (soccer) team.
The club was started in 1884. They play at the Park Avenue stadium in Aberystwyth. They play in the Welsh League. They came third in the Welsh league in 1992 but have only had success at a regional level.
Mil Mi-1

The Mil Mi-1 (Russian: Mil Mi-1; NATO reporting name: Hare) is a Soviet civilian and military helicopter. It was the first one built in a series in the USSR. It was built under licence in Poland as SM-1.
Users
Civilians
Countries using civilians Mil Mi-1 were: Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, and the USSR.
Militaries
Countries using militaries Mil Mi-1 were : Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Egypt, Finland, Hungary, Iraq, Mongolia, North Korea, Poland, Romania, USSR, Sudan, Syria, and Vietnam.
Bibliography
Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et helicopteres militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Lariviere editions, 1999. .
Schwabsoien

Schwabsoien is a municipality in Weilheim-Schongau in Bavaria, Germany.
Hiwi Tauroa

Edward Te Rangihiwinui "Hiwi" Tauroa (1927 - 11 December 2018) was a Maori rugby union player, school principal, and civil servant. He was born in Hawera, New Zealand. He was the principal of Wesley College from 1968, before becoming the principal of Tuakau College in 1974.
Tauroa was originally best known for his rugby career, and played for the New Zealand national rugby union team, the "All Blacks," from 1951 to 1954. He became coach of the Counties Rugby Union in the 1970s.
In 1979, he was appointed New Zealand's Race Relations Commissioner. He also was chairman of Te Mangai Paho and the New Zealand Sports Foundation. Tauroa was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1994.
Taurua died on 11 December 2018 in Hokianga, New Zealand aged 91.
Enda Kenny

Enda Kenny (born 24 April 1951) is an Irish Fine Gael politician. He was the Taoiseach from 2011 through 2017. Kenny has led Fine Gael from 2002 until his retirement in 2017. He served as Minister for Tourism and Trade from 1994 to 1997. He is also a two-term Vice President of the European People's Party.
Kenny has been a Teachta Dala (TD) for Mayo since 1975, having succeeded his father Henry Kenny. He is the longest-serving TD currently in Dail Eireann, which makes him the incumbent Father of the Dail.
Kenny led Fine Gael in the 2011 general election. He subsequently brokered an agreement with the Labour Party and formed a coalition government on 9 March 2011. He is Fine Gael's first Taoiseach since John Bruton from 1994 to 1997, and the first Fine Gael leader to win government in an election since Garret FitzGerald in 1982.
In May 2017, Kenny announced he will retire as Fine Gael leader and will resign as Taoiseach once a new leader is chosen.