kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Anthony Scaramucci

Anthony Scaramucci (born January 6, 1964) is an American entrepreneur, financier, political figure, and author. On July 21, 2017, President Donald Trump appointed him the White House Communications Director, but before he could take office, he was removed from the position by President Donald Trump on July 31, 2017, at the request of the White House Chief of Staff, John Kelly.
In June 2017, he became a senior vice president and chief strategy officer at the U.S. Export-Import Bank.
Patrick Murphy (pilot)

Patrick Murphy was an Irish pilot who mistakenly bombed the border town of Naco, Arizona. Not much is known about his personal life.
Bombing of Naco, Arizona
Murphy owned a plane around the time of the Cristero War in Mexico against the anti-Catholic government of Emilio Portes Gil. Murphy decided to help the rebels by using his plane to bomb the government-controlled town of Naco, Sonora. He tried many times between March 31 and April 6 to bomb Naco but also accidentally, bombed the Arizona border town with the same name. He destroyed some buildings and a car. United States soldiers eventually came to his house and took away his plane. Murphy escaped to rebel territory in Mexico but returned to the United States and was jailed for a little while.
Legacy
Murphy became the first person working for another country to ever bomb the mainland United States. Singer Dolan Ellis honored Murphy in one of his songs on his "Tall Tales, Lost Trails & Heroes" album.
Eric Bauza

Eric Adrian Bauza (born December 7, 1979) is a Canadian-American voice actor, animator and comedian. His roles include Stimpy on Ren and Stimpy "Adult Party Cartoon", Rudolfo Rivera/White Pantera on El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera, Foop on The Fairly OddParents and Lord Stingray on Superjail!, The Powerpuff Girls.
He is also one of the current voices of characters such as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Marvin the Martian, Pepe Le Pew, Tweety, Woody Woodpecker, Boo-Boo Bear, Ranger Smith, Scrappy Doo, and Dino.
Miss Universe

Miss Universe is an international beauty contest. It was started in 1952 and today has over 190 countries taking part. About one billion people watch it on television every year.
The competition was first shown on American national television in 1955. In 1960, the show moved from California to Florida. Until 1971, the competition was held in the United States, and since 1972 - every year in a new country.
The pageant is owned by WME and IMG, with Fox owning the rights to broadcast the pageant on television. Until 2015, it was owned by NBC and Donald Trump. In 2015, Trump started his campaign for President of the United States and said he wanted to stop illegal immigrants from Mexico from coming into the US. NBC then stopped working with him, and so Trump bought Miss Universe out, and sold it to its current owners a few days later.
History
After winning the 1951 Miss America competition, Yolanda Betbese refused to pose in Catalina swimwear from Pacific Mills, sponsor of the competition. Because of this, in 1952 the company left the Miss America competition and organized an alternative national Miss USA competition, as well as an international Miss Universe competition.
Sponsored by the American airline Pan Am and the Universal Film Studio The Miss Universe pageant was first held on June 28, 1952 in Long Beach, California. At the beginning of its existence, it was intended to promote beach fashion: for a month, applicants advertised beach products.
The first winner of the Miss Universe title was 17-year-old Armi Kuusela from Finland. She was crowned with the wedding tiara of the Romanov dynasty. The competition was attended by girls from 30 countries.
Villefargeau

Villefargeau is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Albert Ammons

Albert Clifton Ammons (March 1, 1907 - December 2, 1949) was an important American blues and boogie-woogie pianist.
Life
Ammons was the son of a couple which both played piano. So he started at the age of ten with piano lessons. After the First World War, he became interested in blues. He was influenced by Hersal Thomas and Jimmy Yancey. At the beginning of the 1920s, he worked as taxi driver where he met another pianist, Meade Lux Lewis. They formed a team and played at clubs and parties.
In 1934, he formed his own band, Albert Ammons's Rhythm Kings. Their version of Swanee River Boogie sold over a million copies. Later he went to New York City where he teamed with another pianist, Pete Johnson. They often played at the Cafe Society. Sometimes they were joined by Meade Lux Lewis. But they also played there with famous jazz musicians like Benny Goodman or Harry James.
On December 23, 1938, Ammons, Lewis and Johnson played at the From Spirituals to Swing concert. This concert was the start of the public interest in boogie-woogie. One visitor was record producer Alfred Lion who started two weeks later Blue Note Records with recordings of Ammons and Johnson, nine Ammons solos including "The Blues" and "Boogie Woogie Stomp", eight by Lewis and a pair of duets.
After the interest in boogie-woogie faded, Albert Ammons still had a lot of work. He went on tours as solo artist. Ammons played at President Harry S. Truman's inauguration in 1949. He died on December 2, 1949 in Chicago.
A lot of pianists like Dave Alexander, Dr. John, Hadda Brooks, Johnnie Johnson, Ray Bryant, Erroll Garner, Katie Webster, Axel Zwingenberger and Jorg Hegemann named Ammons as a main influence. Jorg Hegemann recorded a tribute album, A Tribute To Albert Ammons, celebrating his 100th birthday in 2007.
Cogners

Cogners is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Undeciphered writing system

An undeciphered writing system is a written form of language that is currently not understood. In this context, a writing system is used to mean a series of glyphs; these glyphs may represent writing in a language. However, this is not known until they are deciphered.
Not being able to decipher a text can have several reasons:
The language may be a language isolate (there are few or no similar languages that still exist)
There may be very few texts in the given language
What is considered a text in a language really is not: it may just be decorations, but the symbols have no semantic meaning.
There is also the concept of false writing systems: these are constructed sets of symbols that are meant to represent a writing system, but that do not.
Examples
Vinca script, from 7th or 8th century BC Europe
Dispilio Tablet, from Western Macedonia, Greece, 6th century BC
Phaistos disc, from 2nd century BC Crete.
Southwest Paleohispanic script, found on the Iberian peninsula, about 700 BC
Sitovo inscription from Bulgaria
Cascajal Block, Olmec civilization, about 9th century
Numidian language - the script has been almost entirely deciphered, but the language is unknown.
Audra Lindley

Audra Marie Lindley (September 24, 1918 - October 16, 1997) was an American actress. She was most famous for her role as landlady Helen Roper on the sitcom Three's Company and its spin-off The Ropers. She was born in Los Angeles.
From 1972 to 1979, she was married to actor James Whitmore.
Lindley died of leukemia on October 16, 1997 at a Los Angeles hospital, aged 79.
Orani

Orani (Orane) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,879 people lived there. Its area is 130.43 km2. It is 523 meters above sea level.
Hogarth's Servants

Hogarth's Servants is an oil painting by William Hogarth. It was painted between 1750 and 1755. It shows the faces of six of his servants. It measures 62 x 75 cm (24.4 x 29.5 in). It hangs in the Tate Gallery, London.
The painting shows three men and three women, of different ages. Each person looks in a different direction. The three women all look young, not children but also not old. The men are different ages, from a boy (at the top center), to an adult man (at the bottom center), to an elderly man (at the top right). Ronald Paulson thinks the servants could be a coachman (coach driver), valet (helper), messenger, housekeeper (top housemaid), and two housemaids. The servants are shown in their normal look, in their normal clothes. The painting was painted with love and sensitivity, showing Hogarth's affection for his servants.
Franck Lavaud

Franck Lavaud (February 16, 1903 - February 27, 1988) was a Haitian general and politician who was an acting head of state during two terms: from January 11, 1946 until August 16, 1946 and from May 10, 1950 until December 6, 1950.
Both times he led a military junta along with Paul Magloire and Antoine Levelt.
Po

Po may mean:
Polonium, a chemical element
Po, the hero of the movie Kung Fu Panda
Po (Teletubby), one of the Teletubbies
Po, a town in Burkina Faso
Po, Asturias or Poo (until 2005), a parish of Llanes municipality, in Asturias, Spain
Po River, in Italy
Po River (Virginia), in the U.S. state of Virginia
.po, an abbreviation of Portable Object and filename extension of text translation files used in software localization
Po' boy (from "Poor Boy"), a type of submarine sandwich from New Orleans
an abbreviation for Chamber pot
Po!, an indie band from Leicester
Sally Po, a fictional character in the Anime series, "Gundam Wing"
po (Po ), the material manifestation of the soul according to Chinese belief
PO is also an acronym or abbreviation which may stand for:
Post office
Pau, France
PO postcode area centred on Portsmouth in the UK
In Armed services:
Petty Officer, a Non-Commissioned Officer rank in many navies
Pilot Officer, a junior commissioned rank the British and many Commonwealth air forces
In Aviation, Polar Air Cargo, IATA airline designator
Petrol Ofisi, Turkish petroleum distribution company
Pareto optimality
Purchase order
Principal Only, a type of collateralized mortgage obligation
Perfect Orange, a third wave ska band
In law:
Presiding Officer
Parole/Probation officer
In medicine, per os or per orem, literally "by mouth", a direction to take a medication by mouth
In philosophy, Provocative operation, coined by Edward De Bono and part of a Lateral thinking technique
In politics:
Platforma Obywatelska, a Polish conservative-liberal party
Po (department), part of the Napoleonic Empire
In Science and Technology:
Pilkington Optronics, now Thales Optronics
Product Owner in the Scrum development process
Specimen code, collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg
Petaoctet, a unit of information or computer storage
In transportation, Chemin de Fer de Paris a Orleans, an old railway created to link Paris to Orleans
Po, A Fraccion of Barragan from the anime and manga series Bleach
Midwestern Career College

Midwestern Career College (MCC) is a junior college in Illinois offering various associates degrees, certification in certain auxiliary medical fields, and courses in English as a Second Language. It has campuses in Chicago, Naperville and Blue Island.
Academics
The college grants associates of applied science degrees in three business-related areas and four medical-related areas. It also has programs leading to certification in five specialties relating to medicine. The school offers English language training for foreign students, including a program specifically for healthcare professionals.
Accreditation and approvals
Midwestern Career College is approved by the Division of Private Business and Vocational Schools of the Illinois Board of Higher Education (IBHE).
The college is also approved by the Illinois Board of Higher Education (IBHE) to operate and to grant certain Associate of Applied Science degrees.
Midwestern Career College is accredited by the Commission of the Council on Occupational Education.
Control unit

The control unit is a part of a computer's central processing unit (CPU). It controls the activity of all other units in the computer system, giving them directions. Its main job is to get the code from the program, decode it and operate the arithmetic logic unit and other units to run the code. The control unit manages all the computer resources. It directs the flow of data between the CPU and the other devices.
Electronic control unit
A term for any embedded system that controls one or more electrical systems or subsystems in a vehicle.
Sapphire (author)

Ramona Lofton (born August 4, 1950), better known by her pen name Sapphire, is an American author and performance poet. She is known for her 1996 novel Push, which later became an Academy Award-nominated movie titled Precious (2009).
Adelaide River

The Adelaide River is in the Northern Territory of Australia. It starts in the Lichfield National Park and flows into the sea at Clarence Strait, about 50 km northeast of Darwin. The river is about 253 km in length. It is well known for its Saltwater Crocodiles.
Europeans first explored the river in 1839 when a British sailor, Ben Helpmann, explored it by boat.
Selma to Montgomery marches

The marches from Selma to Montgomery, led President Lyndon B. Johnson to sign the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The first March occurred on March 7, 1965 and became known as Bloody Sunday. Between 500-600 civil rights protesters began the march on March 7 but were stopped by Sheriff Jim Clark. The Sheriff of Dallas County (where Selma is located) ordered that all white men over the age of 21 to report to the court house steps where he made them deputies and equipped them to counter the protesters. They were joined by state troopers and beat protesters so severely that 17 were hospitalized. They beat the protesters with night clubs, fired tear gas into the crowd, and charged them from horseback.
After the events were televised, President Johnson issued an order mobilizing the Alabama National Guard to protect the marchers on their 54 mile (87 km) journey from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama. This second march would start on March 21, 1965 and end on March 25, 1965 at the steps of the state capitol in Montgomery, Alabama. Before the second march even began President Johnson went to congress to ask them for a bill that would guarantee voting rights for all citizens and end discrimination at polling places (such as poll taxes and literacy tests).
History of Alabama
1965 in the United States
March events
Selma, Alabama
Montgomery, Alabama
1960s protests
Martin Luther King Jr.
Nineveh

Nineveh was an ancient Assyrian city on the eastern side of the Tigris River. It was the capital and a major city of the Assyrian empire. Its ruins are across the river from the modern-day city of Mosul, Iraq.
The ruins of Nineveh are surrounded by the remains of a massive stone and mudbrick wall dating from about 700 BC. The wall was bout 12 km in length. The stone retaining wall had projecting stone towers spaced about every . The stone wall and towers were topped by three-step parapets.
The city wall had fifteen monumental gateways. They were checkpoints for people entering and exiting the city. They probably had barracks and armouries. With the inner and outer doors shut, the gateways were fortresses. The gateways had passages and interior chambers lined with finely cut stone. A stairway led from one of the interior chambers to the top of the mudbrick wall.
The city wall was destroyed by ISIS by February, 2015. The wall was destroyed during an effort to destroy historical buildings and monuments in the province by the jihadist rebel group.
Dave Thomas (actor)

David William Thomas (born May 20, 1949) is a Canadian actor, comedian and television writer. He is best known as one half of the duo Bob and Doug McKenzie with Rick Moranis. He appeared as Doug McKenzie on SCTV, for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award out of two nominations, and in the film Strange Brew (1983), which he also co-directed. As a duo, they made two albums, The Great White North and Strange Brew, the former gaining them a Grammy Award nomination and a Juno Award.
His other notable acting credits include Stripes (1981), Love at Stake (1987), Moving (1988), Coneheads (1993) and Rat Race (2001). He provided the voice of Tuke in Brother Bear (2003), and Brother Bear 2 (2006).
Pont-Farcy

Pont-Farcy is a former commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Manche department in the northwest of France. Before 1 January 2018, it was part of the Calvados department. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the commune of Tessy-Bocage.
Lake Ülemiste

Lake Ulemiste () a lake in Estonia. It is the largest of the lakes near Tallinn, the capital city. Tallinn takes its drinking water from this lake. The lake gets its water mostly from the small Kurna stream and the larger Pirita River (through the Vaskjala-Ulemiste canal).
There is a legend about this lake. The legend says that the "Old Man of Lake Ulemiste" () lives in the lake. When anyone meets him, he always asks: "Is Tallinn ready yet?". If the other person answers "Yes, the city is ready.", then the old man will send the lake waters out to cover the city of Tallinn. In this way, if anyone meets this old man, they should answer: "No, the city is not ready. There is a lot of work to do still." In this way the city can be saved.
Quincy-sous-le-Mont

Quincy-sous-le-Mont is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Kim Hye-soo

Kim Hye-soo (; born September 5, 1970) is a South Korean actress.
Sonia Sotomayor

Sonia Sotomayor (born: June 25, 1954) is a United States Supreme Court justice. She has been on the Court since 2009, and was on a lower court before that. When on the lower court, she ended the 1994 baseball strike. She is the first and only Latina (hispanic women) on the Court. Sotomayor is Puerto Rican and is from the Bronx.
Sotomayor was born in New York City to parents who were from Puerto Rico. As a child, she was interested in reading the Nancy Drew series and other detective stories. She had a rough childhood since her alcoholic father died when she was nine. Throughout her time in high school and at Princeton, Sotomayor was a charismatic and inspirational leader. She graduated Princeton with a history degree, went to Yale University to study law and then served as a U.S District Court judge and judge for U.S Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Iván Verebély

Ivan Verebely (born Ivan Weinberg 7 December 1937 - 23 September 2020) was a Hungarian actor and comedian. He was born in Budapest. He played in Miskolci Nemzeti Szinhaz, Nemzeti Szinhaz, and in Vidamszinpad.
He appeared in the 2008 movie The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas. He gave the voice to Mayor Manx for the Hungarian dub of SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron.
Verebely died on 23 September 2020 in Budapest at the age of 82.
Porsche 924

The Porsche 924 is a sports car built by Porsche of Germany. It was made from 1976 to 1988.
Otfried Preußler

Otfried Preussler or Otfried Preussler (October 20, 1923 - February 18, 2013) was a German children's book author. He wrote over 100 books. Some of them are The Robber Hotzenplotz and The Satanic Mill (Krabat). His books sold 50 million copies. They have been translated into over 55 languages.
Preussler was born on October 20, 1923 in Liberec, Czechoslovakia to German parents. He was married to Annelies Kind from 1949 until his death in 2013. He won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1972 for Krabat. Preussler died on February 18, 2013 in Bavaria, Germany from natural causes, aged 89.
Political behavior

Political behaviour is how people think about politics and how they vote and do things like protest because of what they believe. Family, teachers and friends all shape how we think. The media and political adverts also change the way many people vote. Social class, race and religion also make people vote in different ways.
Adhesive tape

Adhesive tape is a tape that is coated with adhesive and used to stick objects together.
Adhesive tape that will stick with application of pressure only (i.e. without activation by water, solvent or heat) is known as pressure sensitive tape. It can consist of a wide variety of tape backings and pressure sensitive adhesives.
Single-sided tapes allow joining of two overlapping or adjoining materials, while double-sided tape (adhesive on both sides) allows joining of two items back-to-back.
Torgny (village)

Torgny is a village in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium. It is part of the municipality of Rouvroy. About 200 people live there.
Torgny is the southernmost settlement in Belgium.
Like I Love You

"Like I Love You" is the first single from Justin Timberlake's debut album Justified. It is performed with Malice and Pusha-T from Clipse. Released in 2002, the Neptunes-produced single peaked at #11 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.
2002 songs
Cardiology (album)

Cardiology is the fifth studio album by American pop punk band, Good Charlotte. Cardiology was released on October 27, 2010. Benji Madden came up with the name of the album saying that the lyrical content of the album is "all is connected to the heart". The album has sold over 52,000 copies as of September 2011.
Conviction

In law, a conviction is the verdict that results when a court of law finds a defendant guilty of a crime. The opposite of a conviction is an acquittal (i.e. "not guilty"). A minor conviction is a warning conviction, and it does not affect the defendant but does serve as a warning. In Scotland there can also be a verdict of "not proven", which counts as an acquittal. A convicted person is also called a convict.
Franck Riester

Franck Riester (born 3 January 1974) is a French politician. He is the current French Minister of Culture. He was a member of the National Assembly of France from 2007 to 2018. He represented the Seine-et-Marne department, and is a former member of The Republicans, formerly known as the Union for a Popular Movement.
He founded and currently leads the Agir party.
In March 2020 during the coronavirus outbreak Riester tested positive for COVID-19.
He is a homosexual.
Joseph R. Gannascoli

Joseph R. Gannascoli (born February 15, 1959) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Vito Spatafore in the HBO series The Sopranos from 2000 to 2006. His movie credits include Money for Nothing (1993), Mickey Blue Eyes (1999), Men in Black 3 (2012) and An Act of War (2015).
Gannascoli was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He married Diana Benincasa in 2005.
Ramelteon

Ramelteon is a medication that can help people sleep. It is used for patients that have trouble falling asleep.
Angel of Independence

The Angel of Independence, officially known as Monumento a la Independencia, also known as El Angel, is an column in Paseo de la Reforma, between Rio Tiber and Florencia streets, in Mexico City.
It was installed in 1910 by president Porfirio Diaz. It keeps the bodies of many heroes.
Zurzach District

Zurzach is a district in the Swiss Canton of Aargau with the capital of Zurzach.
Mangrove

Mangroves are trees or shrubs that grow in salty water in hot places like the tropics. Mangroves make a special saltwater woodland or shrubland habitat, called a mangrove swamp, mangrove forest, mangrove or mangal. Mangroves grow on 1/3 of tropical shores. They are also found in sub-tropical Africa, Asia, and the southwest Pacific. Their twisted, tangled roots collect sediment. Over time, the sediment may become islands, or extend the shoreline.
Description
Mangroves live right in the sea, or at the sea edge. Their seeds fall from the tree and grow roots as soon as they touch any kind of soil. During low tide, they may fall in soil rather than water and start growing where they fall. If the water level is high, they may be carried far away from where they fell. Mangrove trees are often the beginning of what will one day be a small island. As soil and other things collect in their roots, little bodies of land are formed - just the right place for other island vegetation to grow. This is an example of seed dispersal by water.
Mangroves have special root-like structures. They are aerial roots or pneumatophores. These stick up out of the soil, and are covered in lenticels. They take in oxygen through their pores. These "breathing tubes" may reach heights of up to 30 cm, and in some species, over 3 m. Smaller roots with air passages move oxygen from the air to parts of the plant underwater. For more information please visit a geography site https://www.kidsgeog.com THANK YOU Mangrove
Benefits
Mangrove roots give clear water to the coral reefs which often surround them. They trap dirt and clean water by filtering land runoff and removing pollutants. The tree also protects the shoreline (and, through this, the coral reefs) from being eroded by storm waves. Mangrove thickets are a good place for many coral-reef fish, shrimp, and crabs to grow.
BBC account
Mangroves are a group of about 80 different salt-tolerant species of trees. They can live along the intertidal zones of tropical and sub-tropical coastlines. Their roots stand the ebb and flow of tides. The roots slow the flow of the tidal waters. This lets sediment settle and build up as nutrient-rich mud. The habitat is a valuable shelter and breeding site for fish. It stabilises coastlines, and reduces erosion from storm surges and tsunamis.
Ferdinand Piëch

Ferdinand Karl Piech (; 17 April 1937 - 25 August 2019) was an Austrian businessman, engineer and executive. He was the chairman of the executive board (Vorstandsvorsitzender) of Volkswagen Group in 1993 through 2002 and the chairman of the supervisory board (Aufsichtsratsvorsitzender) of Volkswagen Group in 2002 through 2015.
1482

1482 was a common year.
Events
Portuguese fortify Fort Elmina on the Gold Coast
Portuguese erect the Fort of Sao Jorge de Mina near the mouth of River Benya
Tizoc rules the Aztecs
Diogo Cao, a Portuguese navigator, becomes the first European to sail up the Congo.
Tunnel

A tunnel is an underground passage. Some tunnels are used for cars, and others are used for trains. Sometimes, a tunnel is used for movement of ships. Some tunnels are built for communication cables and some are built for electricity cables. Other tunnels are built for animals.
Tunnels are dug in different kinds of grounds, from soft sand to hard rock. The way of digging is chosen by the type of ground. There are two additional ways of digging : quarry and 'cut and cover'. In quarry, the tunnel path is drilled in a horizontal way.
This system requires a deep tunnel that's built in a firm rock. In the 'cut and cover' system, a tunnel is dug in the ground and, afterwards, a roof is built above the tunnel. This system fits tunnels that are close to the ground like road tunnels and infrastructure.
Building tunnels is a large civil engineering project that could cost very high sums of money. The planning and building of a long tunnel may take many years.
The Channel Tunnel between France and England is one of the longest tunnels in the world. It is 50 kilometers long. The longest tunnel in the world, the Gotthard Base Tunnel, is being dug in Switzerland.
Reasons to build a tunnel
A subway is based on a network of tunnels that are dug underground so the trains will not disturb and will not be disturbed by the local transport.
On the path of a railroad track or a road a tunnel is dug when the lane encounters an obstacle such as a mountain to avoid bypassing the obstacle.
A tunnel is built sometimes to overcome a water obstacle as a replacement for building a bridge above it.
A tunnel is built to connect between military posts so the movement between them will not be visible for the enemy.
A tunnel is built for infrastructure like electricity cables, water, communication and sewerage to avoid damage and disruption above ground.
Some tunnels are used by prisoners to escape jail.
Sometimes tunnels are used by criminals to do a bank robbery (e.g. in Brazil, Summer 2005).
Cut-and-cover
Cut-and-cover is a simple way of making hollow tunnels where a trench is hollowed out and roofed over with an overhead support system strong enough to carry the load of what is to be built above the tunnel.
Two basic forms of cut-and-cover tunneling are available:
Bottom-up method: A trench is hollowed out, with ground support when needed, and the tunnel is built in it. In earliest days bricks were used. The trench is then carefully filled and the surface is reinstated.
Top-down method: Side support walls and capping beams are made from ground level by such methods as slurry walling or neighbouring bored piling. Only a hollowed out excavation is needed to construct the tunnel roof using beams or in situ concrete sitting on the walls. The surface is then remade except for access openings. This allows early recreation of roadways, services, and other surface features. Excavation then takes place under the permanent tunnel roof, and the base slab is made.
Notes
Books
Railway Tunnels in Queensland by Brian Webber, 1997, .
Sullivan, Walter. Progress In Technology Revives Interest In Great Tunnels, New York Times, 24 June 1986. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
Davey Alba

Davey Alba is a Filipino American technology reporter for The New York Times. She covers the topic of disinformation. She has won several awards, such as the Livingston and Mirror awards. She has worked for several well known companies, such as BuzzFeed News. She is a Filipino immigrant.
Early life
Alba moved to the US in 2010 from the Philippines. She comes from a family of high achievers. Her dad is in academia. Her mom is an economic consultant. Her sister is a vice president in an international investment bank. Her dad would read advanced, classic novels to her and her sister when she was eight years old. One of her favorites was The Hobbit, by J. R. R. Tolkien. She and her sister kept stopping their dad to ask what certain words meant. That's when Alba's fondness for literature began.
Education
Alba is a graduate of De La Salle University of Manila. She got a degree in communication. She also has a Master's degree in science journalism from Columbia University. Alba believes the education she received in Manila contributed to her success. She is a self-confessed nerd. She had a 3.7 GPA. She was also on the Dean's List throughout college. Alba says there were two professors who helped refine her writing. Their names were Glenn Omanio and Ronald Baytan. Omanio taught reporting. Bayton taught Philippine Poetry in English class. They were both professors at De La Salle University. Alba says they were both willing to share their time, knowledge, and encouragement.
Awards and achievements
Alba's standout piece was on how President Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) used Facebook to fuel his war on drugs. This piece won her the Livingston Award for excellence in international reporting. Livingston is known as the Pulitzer for journalists under 35. She also won the 2019 Mirror Awards for best story on journalism in dangerous situations. Alba was most recently hired by the New York Times to cover the subject of disinformation.
Antonio Juliano

Antonio Juliano (born 1 January 1943) is a former Italian football player. He has played for the Italian national team.
Machiara National Park

Machiara National Park is a national park in Pakistan. It is one of three globally important national parks chosen for a Global Environment Facility sponsored project. The goal of the project is to create management models showing good natural resource conservation.
Savitar

Savitar, or Savitr, is a name given to a Vedic solar deity associated with the Aditya class of divinities.
In DC Comics' The Flash comics and The CW's The Flash TV series, the speedster Savitar is an enemy of the Flash who named himself after the Hindu god.
Ernst W. Hamburger

Ernst Wolfgang Hamburger (8 June 1933 -- 4 July 2018) was a German-born Brazilian physicist. Hamburger was known for his activities regarding public understanding of science. He was the director of Estacao Ciencia, an interactive science museum in Sao Paulo. He won the UNESCO Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science, the Jose Reis Award for the Divulgation of Science, the medal of the Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit, and was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.
Hamburger was born in Berlin and died on 4 July 2018, in Sao Paulo, of lymphoma at the age of 85.
Amami language

The Amami language (Dao Kou , Shimayumuta) is a member of the Ryukyuan languages. It is spoken in the Amami Islands of southern Japan.
Amami is in the northern group of the Ryukyuan languages, along with Okinawan and Kunigami. There are many dialect groups of the Amami language: Amami Oshima, Kikai, Southern Amami Oshima, Okinoerabu, Yoron and Tokunoshima. The dialects of Yoron and Okinoerabu may actually be a part of the Kunigami language.
Most Amami speakers are elderly, and younger Amami locals mainly speak Japanese.
Be Careful With My Heart

Be Careful With My Heart is a Philippine television drama series. It is broadcast by ABS-CBN.
It's Too Late (Carole King song)

"It's Too Late" is a soft rock ballad by Carole King. The song is about a woman leaving a relationship. It is on King's studio album Tapestry.
This song was released as a single in April 1971. It hit #1 on the United States Billboard Hot 100. Sales were later certified Gold by the RIAA.
The song was later covered by Gloria Estefan and The Isley Brothers. The Isley Brothers version was released in 1973. Estefan released her version in 1995.
Karl Kanhäuser

Karl Kanhauser (18 July 1900 - 31 December 1945) was an Austrian footballer. He played as forward for Wiener Sport-Club and in the national teams of Austria and Czechoslovakia.
Career
Karl Kanhauser was one of three brothers who contributed to one of the most successful eras of the Wiener Sport-Club. After the First World War he became a regular as a centre-forward for the first time where his brother Edi was goalkeeper and Hans was midfielder.
During the successful period between 1921 and 1924, Karl Kanhauser made five matches in the Austrian national team. He made his debut against Sweden on 26 March 1921. On 20 May 1924 he scored three goals in a 4-1 victory over Romania.
1925 he became professional footballer for DFC Prag which was coached by former Austrian international Robert Cimera.
Kanhauser renounced Austrian for Czechoslovakian citizenship in 1931. Towards the end of the Second World War he was drafted into the Wehrmacht and came to Yugoslavia. Since then he has been reported missing. The date of death was officially set as December 31, 1945 by decision of the Vienna Regional Court. His brother Edi, who also was a footballer, was killed in May 1944 in the Battle of Monte Cassino.
Albert Pierrepoint

Albert Pierrepoint (30 March 1905 - 10 July 1992) was a British executioner, responsible for the executions of over 400 people. He was known as a famous hangman, in addition, he owned a bar. One of his executions involved an acquaintance who visited his bar often; James Corbitt (20 October 1913 - 28 November 1950) nicknamed Tish by Pierrepoint.
Pierrepoint said this about Corbitt's final moments. At twenty seconds to nine the next morning, he went into the death cell. He seemed under a great strain, but he did not see stark fear in his eyes, only a more childlike worry. He was anxious to be remembered and to be accepted. "Hello, Tish," he said, not confidently. "How are you?" he was not effusive, just gave the casual warmth of his nightly greeting from behind the bar.
Birth
Albert was born in 1905 in Clayton, which was a civil parish of Bradford, his father Henry Pierrepoint was removed from the list of Executioners in 1910 after an argument with his assistant John Ellis, Thomas was reported to have said about John Ellis that "it was impossible to work with him".
Oldenzaal

Oldenzaal is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 32,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies in Twente region.
Oldenzaal got city rights in 1249.
Schwarz-Weiß Bregenz

SC Schwarz-Weiss Bregenz is an Austrian football club from Vorarlbergs capital Bregenz.
History
The club was founded in 1919 under the name FC Bregenz. The club colours were black and white. Till 1927 they only played friendly matches versus teams from Germany and Switzerland. In 1927 they played for the first time in Vorarlbergs league. Already 1928 they became Vorarlbergs champion. 1938, after the occupation of Austria by Nazi Germany they formed with other teams from the region the Bezirksklasse Bodensee-Vorarlberg. Due to the Second World War the league was dissolved in 1942.
After the War FC Bregenz was refounded under the name SC Schwarz-Weiss Bregenz. They reached the highest level of Austrian football, the Staatsliga,for the first time in 1954 but was relegated the same season. Till 1999 the club played under different names in the second level of Austrians league. 1999 they were promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga, where they played till the 2004/05 season. At this time they were relegated to the Erste Liga, the second level. Due to financial problems they could not get the licence and the club declare bankruptcy. For the young players a new club was founded, SC Bregenz. Although it is legally a new club the supporters saw it as replacement of the old club. Since 2007 this club plays in the Regionalliga West (3rd level). In the 2022-23 season they won the league and were promoted to the Second League..
Current squad
Honours
12x Champion of Vorarlberg:1928 as FC Bregenz, 1947, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1956, 1957, 1964, 1966, 1970 as Schwarz-Weiss Bregenz
9x Champion of the second level of the league system:1951, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1957 (Arlbergliga), 1966, 1970, 1972 (Regionalliga West), 1999 (Erste Division)
2x Champion of the third level:1996 (Regionalliga West), 2023 (Regionalliga West)
1x Vorarlberg Cup(women):2005
Bundesliga: 5th in the 2003/04 season.
White Zombie

White Zombie was an American heavy metal band. White Zombie was originally a noise rock band, but they are better-known for their later heavy metal sound.
Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty

"Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty" is the national anthem of Uganda.
Lyrics
Alfred Nobel

Alfred Nobel () (October 21, 1833 - December 10, 1896) was a Swedish scientist, engineer, and weapons manufacturer. He is well known for the invention of dynamite and for creating the Nobel Prize.
He left instructions in his will that his money should create the Nobel Prize after reading an article in a French newspaper that called him the "merchant of death" and said that he would be remembered for his invention of dynamite and its ability to kill more people than ever before. Nobel left 31 million kronor (the Swedish currency) to the awards after his death on December 10, 1896. The artificial element Nobelium is named for him.
Early life
Nobel was born on October 21, 1833. His father, Immanuel Nobel, was an engineer and inventor. His mother was Andriette Ahlsell Nobel. In 1833, Immanuel Nobel was forced into bankruptcy due to losses in his construction company.
Black-flanked tree frog

The black-flanked tree frog (Boana nigra) is a frog that lives in Ecuador. Scientists have seen it between 910 and 1847 meters above sea level.
The adult male frog measures 38.5 to 46.3 mm from nose to rear end and the adult female frog 56.4 to 76.7 mm. This frog is brown, reddish brown, or darn brown on the back with darker spots. It has black sides and black stripes. The webs on its feet are either black or bright orange.
New Right (Israel)

The New Right (, HaYamin HeHadash) is a right-wing political party in Israel, established in December 2018 by justice minister Ayelet Shaked and education minister Naftali Bennett.
Participating in the Bennett-Lapid Government.
Thouarsais-Bouildroux

Thouarsais-Bouildroux is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Statutory Maternity Pay

Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP) is a Social Security benefit in the United Kingdom. It is paid by employers to their employees when they are off work because of pregnancy.
The mother must have been working for the same employer for six months continuously in the week 14 weeks before the baby is due. For the last eight weeks of that time they must have been getting at least enough to pay National Insurance Contributions.
For the first six weeks they get 90% of their normal pay. Then for 33 weeks they get PS156.66 a week or 90% of their normal pay if that is less.
People may get Universal Credit at the same time. Maternity Allowance is usually paid to working women who do not get Statutory Maternity Pay.
Tsuyoshi Tanikawa

Tsuyoshi Tanikawa (born 25 April 1980) is a former Japanese football player.
Dalyan

Dalyan is a town in Mugla Province at the southwest coast of Turkey. By June 10, 2019, the city will be also called as Dalyan of the West, due to the location in Turkey which is in western Asia. It is also and independent municipality, within the administrative district of Ortaca.
Dalyan of the West means Dalyan which is a place in Turkey. It is not to be confused with Dalyan of the East, where it is referred to Dalian in China.
Weil, Bavaria

Weil is a municipality in Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany.
Clinton, Utah

Clinton is a city in Davis County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Ogden-Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 23,386 at the 2020 census.
Hiroyuki Omata

Hiroyuki Omata (born 1 September 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Cerezo Osaka.
Cedar Crest (mansion)

The Kansas Governor's Residence, also known as Cedar Crest, is the official residence of the governor of Kansas. It was built in 1928, and it was given to the state in 1955. It became the governor's house in 1962.
History
Kansas did not have an official governor's residence. This changed in 1901 when the state bought 801 Buchanan Street (a house built in 1887). The house was sold in 1963, and the building was destroyed in 1964. Parts of the building including bay windows, an oak staircase and balcony were used in the downtown Ramada Inn. That was built in another part of Topeka in 1964.
Cedar Crest is on top of a hill in western Topeka. The Kansas River can be seen. It was designed by the architectural firm of Wight and Wight in 1928. They built it for Topeka State Journal and Emporia News newspaper publisher Frank P. MacLennan. MacLennan died in 1933; when his widow died in 1955, she gave Cedar Crest to the state of Kansas. She said she would give it to the state only if it is used as a home for the governor of Kansas. The gift included of land near it to be used as a park (now known as MacLennan Park). Since 1962 it has been used as the governor's house.
It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
During the 1990s, the mansion had a $4.4 million improvement program.
The current residents are Kansas governor Laura Kelly and her husband.
Solomon Burke

Solomon Vincent McDonald Burke (born James Solomon McDonald, March 21, 1940 - October 10, 2010) was an American singer who shaped the sound of rhythm and blues as one of the founding fathers of soul music in the 1960s. He has been called "a key transitional figure bridging R&B and soul", and was known for his "prodigious output".
Tarfaya Province

Tarfaya is a province in the Moroccan economic region of Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, which includes the southwestern part of the territory of Morocco as of before 1975, and the northern part of the disputed territory of Western Sahara. Its population in 2004 was 10420. Its main town is Tarfaya.
In the north-east of the province, Khenifiss National Park is located.
Subdivisions
The province is divided administratively into the following:
Notes :
Before 2009, these communes were part of the Laayoune Province.
Rukma Roy

Rukma Roy ( or Rukma Ray) is a Bengali Television actress who works primarily in TV soap operas. She is well known for playing the lead character of Rajkumari Kiranmala in Kiranmala. She has also played both supporting and lead roles in many soap operas and web series.
Chingtham

Chingtham is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Pauline M. Austin

Pauline Morrow Austin (b. 1916 d. 2011) was an American meteorologist.
Austin got a BA from Wilson College in 1938, an MA from Smith College in 1939, and a PhD in Physics from MIT in 1942.
Austin worked as a meteorologist during World War II. She was one of nine women recognized for wartime scientific and technical contributions. Next she worked at MIT as the Director of the weather radar, and as part of the research staff in the Radiation Laboratory. She also was associate writer for the Journal of Applied Meteorology.
Personal life
Austin was married for 59 years to Dr. James Murdoch Austin. Their two daughters are Doris A. Price of Annapolis, Maryland and Carol T. West of Gainesville, Florida.
In later years she volunteered at the Florida Museum of Natural History.
Bruyères-et-Montbérault

Bruyeres-et-Montberault is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Woincourt

Woincourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Western chorus frog

The western chorus frog, tree frog, chorus frog, swamp tree toad, swamp tree frog, swamp cricket frog, three-striped tree frog, or midland chorus frog (Pseudacris triseriata) is a frog. It lives in North America. It lives in Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Ohio in the United States, and a few live in Ontario in Canada. Other sources say they also live in Labrador Quebec, Newfoundland, Iowa, Kentucky, New York, Michigan, and Tennessee.
The adult frog is 10-37 mm long from nose to rear end. They are gray to brown in color on the back and lighter on the belly. Most of these frogs have three narrow, dark stripes down their bodies. Some of them have rows of spots instead. They have a white stripe on the upper lip. They do not have webbed skin on their feet.
The female frog lays 500 to 1500 eggs, 20 to 60 per group of eggs.
This frog is good at living in places where humans have built buildings.
Marano di Napoli

Marano di Napoli is an Italian city in Campania. It is next to Naples. About 57,000 people live there.
Jean Assaad Haddad

Jean Assaad Haddad (17 December 1926 - 22 January 2021) was a Lebanese Melkite hierarch. He was an Archbishop of the Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Tyre in Lebanon from 1988 to 2005. He was born in Beit Chabab, Lebanon.
Haddad died on 22 January 2021 in Beirut at the age of 94.
Bahia heart-tongued frog

The Bahia heart-tongued frog (Phyllodytes melanomystax) is a frog. It lives in Brazil.
Bampton

Bampton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 283 people living in Bampton.
Hugo Camps

Hugo Camps (12 May 1943 - 29 October 2022) was a Belgian journalist, columnist and writer.
Camps has published in both Belgian and Dutch magazines and wrote several books in particular about football and cycling. He worked for over thirty-five years for Elsevier Weekblad , for which he wrote a weekly interview and a column about sports until his death.
Camps died in Knokke on 29 October 2022, aged 79.
Pushback

In aviation, pushback is an airport procedure in which an aircraft is pushed backwards from an airport gate by external power. Pushbacks are carried out by special, vehicles called pushback tractors or tugs.
Héctor Pulido

Hector Pulido Rodriguez (20 December 1942 - 18 February 2022) was a Mexican football player and manager. He played as a midfielder. He played for the Mexico national team between 1967 and 1973.
Pulido died on 18 February 2022, at the age of 79.
Ellis Island

Ellis Island is an island near New York City. It was used for immigrants coming from other countries to the United States from 1892 until 1954. Some immigrants to other countries, like Canada, also went through the island. It is located in Upper New York harbor, north of Liberty Island (Statue of Liberty) and east of Liberty state park.
Rob Quist

Robert Ernest Quist (born January 5, 1948) is an American singer, instrumentalist (playing guitar and banjo), songwriter, and politician.
His songs have been recorded by artists Michael Martin Murphey and Loretta Lynn among others. He is known as a musical and cultural ambassador for the state of Montana and was appointed to the Montana Arts Council by Governor Brian Schweitzer. He has toured throughout the United States, Canada, and Japan.
Quist was the Democratic nominee for Montana's House seat in the 2017 special election, but lost the election to Greg Gianforte.