Cantal

Cantal is a French department in south-central France in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region. Its prefecture is Aurillac.
It is named after the Mounts of Cantal, a group of mountains in the Massif Central.
History
Cantal is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. It was created with part of the territory of the old province of Auvergne in south central France. It was divided in four districts: Aurillac, Mauriac, Murat and Saint-Flour; its capital in Saint-Flour, alternating with Aurillac.
In 1794, Saint-Flour became the only capital but, in 1795, the capital was moved to Aurillac.
In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the districts were changed into arrondissements: Aurillac, Mauriac, Murat and Saint-Flour. On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Murat was eliminated.
Geography
Cantal is part of the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region, in south central France, with an area of .
The department borders with 3 regions and 7 other departments:
Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region
Puy-de-Dome (north)
Haute-Loire (northeast)
Occitanie region
Aveyron (south)
Lot (southwest)
Lozere (southeast)
Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
Correze (west)
Cantal is in the middle half of the central plateau (Massif Central) of France where is the Mounts of Cantal mountain range, a group of extinct volcanoes. The highest point in the Cantal mountains, and in the department is Plomb du Cantal () that is high. Other high mountains near Plomb du Cantal in the Cantal department are:
Puy du Rocher (), high;
Puy de Peyre Arse (), high; and
Puy Mary (), high.
The lowest point of the department, , is in the valley of the Lot river where it leaves the department.
The main rivers are the Alagnon, a tributary to the Allier; the Cele and Truyere rivers, tributaries to the Lot river; and the Cere and Rhue rivers, tributaries to the Dordogne river.
Climate
The climate of Cantal has with few extremes of temperature and ample precipitation in all months. It belongs to the subtype Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Koppen climate classification.
The average temperature for the year in Aurillac, at an altitude of , is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Aurillac is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is June with an average of .
Administration
Cantal is part of the region of Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes. The department is managed by the Departamental Council of the Cantal in Aurillac.
Administrative divisions
There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 15 cantons and 255 communes (municipalities) in Cantal.
The following is a list of the 15 cantons of the Cantal department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Arpajon-sur-Cere (1501)
Aurillac-1 (1502)
Aurillac-2 (1503)
Causses-Rougiers (1504)
Mauriac (1505)
Maurs (1506)
Murat (1507)
Naucelles (1508)
Neuveglise (1509)
Riom-es-Montagnes (1510)
Saint-Flour-1 (1511)
Saint-Flour-2 (15012)
Saint-Paul-des-Landes (15013)
Vic-sur-Cere (1514)
Ydes (1514)
Demographics
The inhabitants of Cantal are known, in French, as Cantaliens (women: Cantaliennes) or Cantalous (women: Cantalouses).
Cantal has a population, in 2014, of 146,618, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Aurillac, with 82,347 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Saint-Flour and Mauriac, have respectively 38,079 and 26,192 inhabitants.
The city with more people living in it is the capital, Aurillac (26,135). The subprefectures of Saint-Flour and Mauriac have, respectively, 6,643 and 3,682 inhabitants.