kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
American literature

American literature is poetry, fiction, drama, or essays written by Americans. It also includes literature written by people living in the United States (who are not American citizens).
19th Century
The 19th century was a fertile era for the American novel and American poetry. The most popular American novelists of the 19th Century were women. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin about slavery in America. Luisa May Alcott wrote the popular novel Little Women about the dreams and hardships of sisters growing up in rural America.
Herman Melville wrote the famous novel Moby Dick, about a whaling in America. Moby Dick is often called the greatest American novels. Emily Dickinson is one of the greatest American poets. Dickinson wrote many lyrical, religious, philosophical poems. Walt Whitman wrote the epic poem Leaves of Grass. Masterpieces of Gothic fiction include Nathaniel Hawthorn's Fall of the House of Usher and The Scarlet Letter). Charlotte Perkins Gilman's feminist classic "The Yellow Wallpaper" is also Gothic fiction. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau wrote philosophical essays. Their philosophical school of thought is called Transcendentalism.
20th Century
The 20th Century is often called The American Century in art. Novelists of the modern era include William Faulkner, John Steinbeck, T.S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, Sinclair Lewis, and Pearl Buck.
Toni Morrison, Eugene O'Neill, Saul Bellow, Joseph Brodsky and Isaac Bashevis Singer won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
21st Century
Contemporary fiction writers of include Don Delillo, Paul Auster, Jennifer Egan, Colson Whitehead, Giannina Braschi, David Foster Wallace, and Jonathan Frazen. These writers are often called Postmodern authors.
There are many popular literary genres. Humorist David Sedaris writes funny short stories about his personal life and odd things about strangers.
Shel Silverstein and Dr.Seuss wrote rhyming poems for children's books. Judy Bloom writes emotional stories about young girls for young readers. R.L.Stine writes scary stories (Goosebump Series) about monsters and ghosts for boys and girls. Stephen King writes horror novels for adults about murder, monsters, and kidnapping.
Montmirail

Montmirail can be one of the following:
Montmirail, in the Marne departement
Montmirail, in the Sarthe departement
Trimley railway station

Trimley railway station is a station in Suffolk, England for Trimley. Trains are currently run by Greater Anglia.
Jack Young (politician)

Bernard C. "Jack" Young (born June 26, 1954) is an American Democratic politician. He was the mayor of Baltimore, Maryland from 2019 until 2020. Young was elected to the Baltimore City Council in 1996 representing Baltimore's second district.
In 2010, Young became City Council President following Stephanie Rawlings-Blake taking over as mayor. On April 2, 2019, Young was named acting mayor during the leave of absence by Mayor Catherine E. Pugh. Following Pugh's resignation on May 2, 2019, Young was fully made mayor of the city.
Young expressed an interest in running for his prior seat as Council President once his term as Mayor ends in December 2020.
Transparency

In optics, transparency is the property of allowing light to pass through something.
An object that is transparent can be seen through. The image you see through a transparent object is similar to the image you see without it. However, the object may be changed if the transparent object behaves like a lens or like an optical filter; this could change the size, shape, or color of the image. The opposite of transparency is opacity.
Some animals are transparent, so predators cannot see them so easily. An example of a transparent animal is the jellyfish. Transparency works better in places with a small amount of light than in places with lots of light.
Translucency
If some light can be seen through an object but some of the detail of the image is lost, it is a translucent material.
Light passes through a translucent object, but you cannot see objects behind it. The light passes through but the material scatters the light, so you cannot see the object, only its shadow.
Examples of translucent materials are frosted glass, thin paper, and some types of amber.
Tomás Sánchez

Tomas Sanchez (born May 22, 1948 in Aguada de Pasajeros, Cienfuegos, Cuba) is a Cuban painter and engraver, known for his landscapes.
He was on a blacklist in Cuba for [part of the time] between 1987 and 2014; he did not have any solo exhibitions (or exhibitions alone) in Cuba for 27 years.
His exhibitions have been at places that include
Museum of Art Fort Lauderdale, held a retrospective exhibition in 1996 (or an exhibiton that included many of his earliest works).
Critics and curators have said that his work has links to the experience of meditation.
In 2016, Sanchez was called the most expensive living Cuban painter.
Millville, Utah

Millville is a city in Cache County, Utah, United States.
Graben, Switzerland

Graben, Switzerland is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Villages
Baumgarten, Burach, Gsoll, Hubel, Kleinholz, Schorlishausern, Schwendi and Stadonz.
Jini Dellaccio

Jini Dellaccio (nee Duckworth; January 31, 1917 - July 3, 2014) is an American photographer. He is best known for her images of rock and pop acts of the 1960s. Her photographs of the Sonics, the Wailers, Merrilee Rush, the Daily Flash and many others were used for album covers, posters, and publicity stills.
Christopher Weeramantry

Christopher Gregory Weeramantry, AM (November 17, 1926 - January 5, 2017) was a Sri Lankan lawyer. He was a Judge of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) from 1991 to 2000. He was the ICJ's Vice-President from 1997 to 2000.
Weeramantry was born in Colombo, Sri Lanka. He studied at Royal College Colombo, at King's College London, and at the University of Ceylon.
Weeramantry was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka from 1967 to 1972. He was also an Emeritus Professor at Monash University and the President of the International Association of Lawyers against Nuclear Arms.
Weeramantry died in Colombo, Sri Lanka of natural causes on January 5, 2017, aged 90.
Orange Walk District

Orange Walk District is a district in the northwest of the nation of Belize. The district capital is Orange Walk Town. The population was 45,419 persons in 2010.
The Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area, a large private nature reserve in the Yalbac Hills, is in this district. The land is highly cultivated with sugar cane, sorghum, rice, corn and vegetables. A lot of this agriculture is done by Mennonite farmers.
The district is home to mostly Maya mestizo descendants of Mexican refugees who fled from the 1840 Caste War.
Tourism is growing. This is due to healthy populations of tropical wildlife and the rich archaeological sites. There are over 400 recorded bird species in the district. The district has two rivers, the Rio Hondo and the New River.
Newark, Vermont

Newark is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
Battenberg cake

Battenberg cake is a light sponge cake. It is long, square faced cake, covered in marzipan.
When cut in open one can see four more squares alternately coloured pink and yellow. These coloured sections are made by dyeing half of the cake mixture pink, and half yellow, then cutting each resultant sponge into two long, uniform cuboids, and joining them together with apricot jam, to form one cake. Established variations are for coconut flavouring to the sponge cake and lemon curd or raspberry jam in place of apricot jam.
The cake was probably named in honour of the marriage, in 1884, of Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine Queen Victoria's granddaughter to Prince Louis of Battenberg, with the four squares representing the four Battenberg princes: Louis, Alexander, Henry and Francis Joseph.
Bruce Dinsmore

Bruce Dinsmore (born November 22, 1965) is the American voice actor. He voices Little Pencil from The Babaloos, Tubby Tompkins from The Little Lulu Show, Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer from The Secret World of Santa Claus and Greens the Frog from Mumble Bumble on CINAR and has contributed mocap/voice performances in numerous video games, notably as Paul Revere in Assassin's Creed III, Maximilien de Robespierre in Assassin's Creed: Unity and Bill Taggart in Deus Ex: Human Revolution. He currently appears on air in Greypower commercials and has voiced thousands of radio sports.
César Yanes Urías

Colonel Cesar Yanes Urias (born 24 April 1920) is a Salvadoran politician and military official. He was a member of the Junta of Government. He ruled the country from 26 October 1960 until 25 January 1961. He was a member of the Salvadoran naval forces.
Yanes Urias turned 100 in April 2020.
Indian

Indian or Indians can refer to:
Anything related to the country of India
Indian people
Cleveland Indians, a baseball team
Kinston Indians, a baseball team
Native American (formerly called "Indian")
Lieutenant (navy)

Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt, LT, LT(N), Lt(N), Lieut and LEUT, depending on nation) is a commissioned officer rank in many nations' navies. It is the most senior of junior officer ranks.
The now immediately senior rank of lieutenant commander was formerly a senior naval lieutenant rank.
Alfonso Milián Sorribas

Alfonso Milian Sorribas (15 January 1939 - 26 November 2020) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in La Cuba, Spain. He became a priest in 1962.
He was titular bishop of Diana and as Auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zaragoza, Spain, from 2000 to 2004 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Barbastro-Monzon, Spain, from 2004 to 2014.
Milian Sorribas died on 26 November 2020 in Zaragoza, Spain at the age of 81.
Entelodont

Entelodonts were a family family of pig-like omnivores widespread in forests of North America, Europe, and Asia.
They flourished for about 20+ million years from the middle Eocene to the early Miocene epochs.
It is thought that they included omnivores, carnivores and scavengers.
Racism against African Americans

Racism against African Americans dates back to the colonial era, and it continues to be a persistent issue in American society in the 21st century.
Bleiken bei Oberdiessbach

Bleiken bei Oberdiessbach is a former municipality of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne, Switzerland.
On 1 January 2014 the former municipality of Bleiken bei Oberdiesbach merged into the municipality of Oberdiessbach.
Siedlce

Siedlce is a city in Masovian Voivodeship in Poland. In 2020, 78,258 people lived there.
Hyūga Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Miyazaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu. It was sometimes called or .
Hyuga had borders with Bungo, Higo, Osumi, and Satsuma Province.
The ancient capital city of the province was near Saito.
History
In Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, Hyuga is called in Tsukushi-no-shima, with Tsukushi, Toyo and Hi Province.
In 713 (Wado 6, 3rd month), the province of Hyuga was separated from Osumi.
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. Maps of Japan and Hyuga Province were reformed in the 1870s.
Shrines and Temples
Tsuno jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Hyuga.
Reinach, Aargau

Reinach is a municipality in Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Noordenveld

Noordenveld is a municipality in the province of Drenthe, the Netherlands. In 2019, 31,290 people lived there.
Arabic Wikipedia

The Arabic Wikipedia () is the Arabic language version of Wikipedia. It started in September 2001.
It was the 23rd largest edition of Wikipedia by article count, but grew to 17th largest edition.
Helmut Schmidt

Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt (23 December 1918 - 10 November 2015) was a German politician. He was Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1974 to 1982.
Helmut Schmidt was born in Hamburg in 1918. He finished school in 1937 with the Abitur. Afterwards he had to join the working service and later the army. At the end of World War II, he was a First Lieutenant. He became a prisoner of war in 1945.
After he was set free, he started to study macro economy. He finished his studies in 1949. Then he started to work for the administration of Hamburg.
Schmidt joined into the Social Democratic Party of Germany in 1949. In 1953, he became a member of the Bundestag first time. From 1961 to 1965, he was Senator in the state government of Hamburg.
From 1969 to 1972, he was Minister of Defence of West Germany. From 1972 to 1974 he was Minister of Finance.
After Willy Brandt gave up his job as Bundeskanzler, Helmut Schmidt was elected as new chancellor.
In July 2013, it was discovered that Schmidt bought 38,000 cigarettes due to a fear of them being banned in Europe.
Schmidt died in Hamburg on 10 November 2015 from complications of surgery he had to cure a blood clot in his left leg. He was 96 years old.
Anita Pallenberg

Anita Pallenberg (6 April 1944 - 13 June 2017) was an Italian actress and fashion designer. She starred in the movie Candy in 1968. She also played Black Queen of Sogo in Barbarella in that same year. Pallenberg appeared in more than a dozen movies over 40 years.
Pallenberg became widely known in popular culture as the girlfriend of Brian Jones and later Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones. She spent a lot of time with singer Marianne Faithfull, Mick Jagger's girlfriend in the late 1960s, who remained a friend of Pallenberg's. They appeared together in 2001 in the BBC situation comedy Absolutely Fabulous in episode four, "Donkey", with Faithfull playing God and Pallenberg The Devil.
Early life and death
Pallenberg was born in Rome. She died of complications from hepatitis C on 13 June 2017 in Chichester, West Sussex, aged 73.
French Lick Township, Orange County, Indiana

French Lick Township is one of ten townships in Orange County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 4,699. The township had about 2,263 houses.
Time Flies

Time Files is the tenth studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on October 14, 2008. It was on his own label Stringtown Records.
Perdaxius

Perdaxius (Perdaxius) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,455 people live there. Its area is 29.5 km2. It is 98 meters above sea level.
El (Cyrillic)

El (L, l) is the eleventh letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [l]. It comes from the Greek letter lambda and is the same as the Roman L. It looks like Pe, (P, p), another letter in the same alphabet but its left leg is curved.
Vezia

Vezia is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Ingeborg Rapoport

Ingeborg Rapoport (September 2, 1912 - March 23, 2017) was a German pediatrician. She was an important figure in East German medicine and, at age 102, the oldest person to receive a Doctorate degree.
Early life
Rapoport was born as Ingeborg Syllm in September 1912 to Protestant German parents in Kribi, Cameroon, a German colony at this time.
Medical career
Rapoport studied medicine in Hamburg at the University of Hamburg in Nazi-Germany, but was denied a medical degree because her mother was Jewish. She fled Nazi persecution and immigrated to the United States in 1938, where she completed her education in medicine.
In the early 1950s, as a result of an investigation of her and her husband for un-American activities, she left the United States and eventually, after staying in Vienna for a year, moved to the GDR (East Germany). She became the first chair of neonatology in whole Germany and retired in 1973. She was a member of the Socialist Unity Party of East Germany.
Honors and awards
In East Germany, Rapoport received Habilitation in 1959. She was awarded the National Prize of East Germany as well as other awards. As a pediatrician, she helped to considerably reduce infant mortality in East Germany, which, during her active years was even lower than in West Germany.
In 2015, the Faculty of Medicine of Hamburg University corrected the injustice of the Nazi regime and awarded her a medical degree after an oral examination. She became the oldest person to receive a Doctorate degree at the age of 102.
Personal life
Rapoport was married to Samuel Mitja Rapoport, whom she met in Cincinnati, Ohio. They had four children. Samuel died in 2004. She lived in Berlin. Rapoport turned 100 in September 2012.
Rapoport died on 23 March 2017 at her home in Berlin at the age of 104.
Cummins Handley

Cummins Handley is an Australian water polo player. She competed for the Australian women's national water polo team in the 1986 World Aquatics Championships.
Stulln

Stulln is a municipality in Schwandorf in Bavaria, Germany.
SNCASE SE-313 Alouette II

The SNCASE SE-313 Alouette II (, Lark) is a French helicopter built between 1956 and 1975 by Societe Nationale de Construction Aeronautique du Sud-Est and later by Aerospatiale. It was the first helicopter in the world that has a gas turbine for engine.
It was the basis of two majors variants : SA-315 Lama and SA-316 Alouette III.
Bibliography
Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et helicopteres militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Lariviere editions, 1999. .
Boulay, Pierre, Les helicopteres francais, Paris, France : Lariviere editions, 1998.
Voiced linguolabial tap

The voiced linguolabial tap or flap is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Sandro (footballer, born 1973)

Sandro Chaves de Assis Rosa (born May 19, 1973) is a former Brazilian football player.
Ian Gibson (politician)

Ian Gibson (26 September 1938 - 9 April 2021) was a British Labour Party politician. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Norwich North from 1997 to 2009.
He resigned from the House of Commons on 5 June 2009.
Alpha cleavage

Alpha cleavage, (a-cleavage) in organic chemistry, refers to the act of breaking the carbon-carbon bond, next to the carbon bearing a specified functional group.
Mass spectrometry
In mass spectrometry, an a-cleavage occurs when molecules break apart within a mass spectrometer. A mass spectrum tells the size and elements found in each molecule fragment. Chemists use their understanding of how molecules break apart to guess the structure of the original molecule. Many different molecules break apart with a-cleavage inside the mass spectrometer. Many times, a-cleavage explains the resulting mass spectra.
As an example of a mechanism of alpha cleavage, an electron is knocked off an atom (usually by electron collision) to form a radical cation. Electrons are most likely to be removed in the following order: 1) lone pair electrons, 2) pi bond electrons, 3) sigma bond electrons.
One of the lone pair electrons moves down to form a pi bond with an electron from an adjacent (alpha) bond. The other electron from the bond moves to an adjacent atom (not one adjacent to the lone pair atom) creating a radical. This creates a double bond adjacent to the lone pair atom (oxygen is a good example) and breaks (cleaves) the bond that lost the two electrons that were removed.
In molecules containing carbonyl groups, alpha cleavage often competes with a McLafferty rearrangement.
Photochemistry
In photochemistry, it is the homolytic cleavage of a bond close to a specified group.
Bad Case of Loving You (Doctor, Doctor)

"Bad Case of Loving You (Doctor, Doctor)" is a 1978 song, written and originally recorded by Moon Martin, and sung a year later by Robert Palmer. The song became one of Palmer's best known hits.
Moon Martin originally recorded the song in 1978. Martin's record label Capitol Records released the song in the United Kingdom and Spain as a stand-alone vinyl single, but inserted the song into the United States release of Martin's album Shots from a Cold Nightmare. His original recording did not enter the music charts.
A year later the song appeared on Robert Palmer's 1979 album Secrets. In Palmer's home country, the United Kingdom, the song debuted and peaked at #61 on the UK Singles Chart on 7 July 1979.
Ponders End railway station

Ponders End railway station is in the London Borough of Enfield in northeast London at Ponders End, and is in Travelcard Zone 5, on the Tottenham Hale branch of the Lea Valley Lines, 16 km (10 miles) north of London Liverpool Street. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by Abellio Greater Anglia.
It is at .
Nagashima Spa Land

Nagashima Spa Land is an amusement park in Kuwana, Mie, Japan. Nagashima Spa Land is the 18th most visited amusement park in the world and has roller coasters, a ferris wheel, kiddie rides, a water park and several hotels.
Fábio Barreto

Fabio Villela Barreto Borges (June 6, 1957 - November 20, 2019) was a Brazilian movie director, actor, screenwriter, and movie producer. He was best known for directing and co-writing Lula, o filho do Brasil, a biography based on President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's early life.
Barreto slipped into a coma after being involved in a car accident in Rio de Janeiro in 2009. As of August 2014, is reported to be in a minimally conscious state. He died on November 20, 2019 after almost 10 years in a coma.
Giancarlo Ghironzi

Giancarlo Ghironzi (25 February 1932 - 14 March 2020) was a Sammarinese politician. He was twice Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 April 1961 to 1 October 1961, and from 1 October 1969 to 1 April 1970. He was a member of the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party (PDCS).
Ghironzi died on 14 March 2020 at the age of 88.
Nepali

Nepali could mean:
Anything related to Nepal
Nepali language or Gorkhali - the official language of modern Nepal as well as parts of India and Bhutan
Nepal Bhasa or Newari - the literary language of the Kathmandu Valley and the old state of Nepal
Lennie Hoffmann, Baron Hoffmann

Leonard Hubert "Lennie" Hoffmann, Baron Hoffmann, PC, GBS (born 8 May 1934) is a retired senior South African-British judge. He was a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1995 to 2009.
La Croix-sur-Roudoule

La Croix-sur-Roudoule is a commune. It is found in the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Interstate 2

Interstate 2 (I-2) is a partially completed Interstate Highway running through the Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas.
It begins at the intersection of U.S. Highway 83 (US 83) and Business U.S. Highway 83 (Bus. US 83) in Penitas and heads eastward before terminating at I-69E/US 77/US 83 in Harlingen.
For its entire length, I-2 runs concurrently with US 83. I-2 also parallels Mexican Federal Highway 2 (Fed. 2), another major east-west route that traces the Mexico-U.S. border along the Mexican side of the Rio Grande.
When completed, the western part will be the city of Laredo.
Kunashir Island

Kunashir Island (, ) is an island in the Kuril Islands.
Hayford Peirce

Hayford Peirce (January 7, 1942 - November 19, 2020) was an American writer of science fiction, mysteries, and spy thrillers. He wrote many short stories for the science-fiction magazines Analog, Galaxy, and Omni.
He also wrote mystery short stories for Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine and Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine.
Peirce shot himself in the head on November 19, 2020 in Tucson, Arizona after shooting his wife. Peirce was hospitalized and died a few hours later, aged 78.
The Sheik (movie)

The Sheik is a 1921 silent movie. It was directed by George Melford. It stars Rudolph Valentino. The movie was based on the book The Sheik by Edith Maude Hull. The movie is about a British lady who is captured by an Arab chieftain (a sheik). She is held in his camp, and grows to love him. The Sheik made Valentino a superstar. Reviews were mixed. Some critics liked the movie. Some did not. Women loved it. Most men did not like it. They either walked out or stayed away.
Roles
Rudolph Valentino as the Sheik
Agnes Ayres as Lady Diana Mayo
Frank Butler as Sir Aubrey Mayo, Diana's brother
Lucien Littlefield as Gaston, the Sheik's valet
Adolphe Menjou as Raoul de Saint Hubert, the Sheik's friend
Walter Long as Omair, a bandit
Story
Lady Diana Mayo is headstrong and independent. Against her brother's advice, she plans a trip into the desert with only native guides. That night Diana sneaks into an 'Arabs Only' casino wearing a dancer's costume. The Sheik is there. He discovers she is white. He is amused, but sends her away. He learns that she is taking a trip into the desert the next day. He sneaks into her room and tampers with the bullets in her revolver. Later, the Sheik and his men find Diana riding alone. She tries to flee while shooting at the Sheik. He easily captures her. He takes her to his camp. He orders her about. He tells her she will learn to love him. He wants to raping her, but decides against it.
The Sheik receives a visit from his friend, Raoul St. Hubert. Raoul befriends Diana. He chides the Sheik for treating her roughly. Diana gradually warms to the Sheik. She is allowed to go into the desert with his servant. She escapes. She sees a caravan. It belongs to the bandit Omair. The Sheik and his men reach her just in time. The Sheik is in love with Diana. He allows her to ride out again with his servant. She writes "I love you" in the sand. Omair captures her.
The Sheik gathers his men to attack Omair's camp. Omair tries to rape Diana. The Sheik and his men rush in. The Sheik kills Omair, but he is injured. Diana discovers that the Sheik is not an Arab. His father was British and his mother Spanish. They died in the desert. Their child was raised by the old Sheik. When the old man died, the Sheik returned to rule the tribe. The Sheik recovers from his injury. Diana confesses her love.
Reception
Reviews were mixed. Many critics felt the toned-down rape scene ruined the original message. It was a great success with audiences however. Attendance records were broken. One newspaper estimated that 125,000 people had seen the movie in its first weeks. Producer Lasky declared the last week of November 1921 'The Sheik Week'. He had the movie open in 250 theatres across the United States on 20 November. The movie ran for six months in Sydney, Australia. It ran for 42 weeks in one theatre in France. It was the first Valentino movie to show in his native Italy. Within the first year, The Sheik made more than $1 million. The film cost $200,000 to make.
Cocaine Wars

Cocaine Wars is a 1985 Argentine American action movie directed by Hector Olivera and starring John Schneider, Federico Luppi, Royal Dano, Rodolfo Ranni, Kathryn Witt, Ivan Grey, Richard Hamlin, Edgar Moore.
Halothane

Halothane, aka Fluothane, is a general anesthetic used to induce or maintain anesthesia. Its systematic name is 2-Bromo-2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane.
It was discovered in 1955 and approved for medical use in 1958.
It was replaced with newer anaesthetics such as isoflurane and enflurane in the more developed countries. In some severe cases after repeated exposure, it lead to a severe liver injury. Also, the concern about hepatitis helped make the decision to not use halothane for adults in the 1980s and the 1990s for children.
Joanne Herring

Joanne King Herring (born July 3, 1929) is an American socialite, businesswoman, political activist, philanthropist, diplomat, and former television talk show host. He was born in Houston, Texas.
Herring is best known for being an important policy figure through her long relation with the President of Pakistan Zia-ul-Haq (1977-88). Herring also was the honorary consul at the Consulate-General of Pakistan based in Houston
She is also the recipient of the Jinnah Medal, one of Pakistan's highest honors.
Izadkhvast

Izadkhast (also known as Samirum) is a city in the Central District of Abadeh County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census 7,366 people lived there in 1,803 families.
There is Izad-Khast Castle, a caravanserai, and a Safavid-period bridge. The site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on August 9, 2007 in the Cultural category.
Communist Party of Chile

The Communist Party of Chile () is a Chilean political party inspired by the thoughts of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. It was founded in 1922, as the continuation of the Socialist Workers Party. In 1932 it established its youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile (Juventudes Comunistas de Chile [abbr:JJ.CC]).
The PCCh was a member of "New Majority" (), a leftist coalition led by President of Chile Michelle Bachelet.
It holds 8 seats in the Chamber of Deputies of Chile.
Clohars-Carnoët

Clohars-Carnoet () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistere department in the northwest of France. It has two small harbours: Le Pouldu and Doelan.
Paula Cole

Paula Cole (born April 5, 1968) is an American singer and songwriter. Her songs include Where Have all the Cowboys Gone?. Cole was born in the Boston area. She received a Grammy Award for "Best New Artist" in 1998 and released more albums over the years.
Ted Cassidy

Ted Cassidy (July 31, 1932 - January 16, 1979) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles as Lurch and Thing on The Addams Family.
Cassidy died of surgery-related problems to remove a tumor from his heart on January 16, 1979.
District of Louisiana

The District of Louisiana, or Louisiana District, was an official, temporary, United States government designation for the part of the Louisiana Purchase that had not been organized into the Orleans Territory. It officially existed from March 10, 1804, until July 4, 1805, when it was incorporated as the Louisiana Territory.
On March 3, 1805, Congress passed a bill that organized the District of Louisiana into the Louisiana Territory. It started on July 4, 1805. The territorial government was organized in a way similar to the Indiana Territory.
Cotulla, Texas

Cotulla is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of La Salle County.
Jahangir Butt

Jahangir Butt (17 April 1943 - 7 September 2021) was a Pakistani field hockey player. He was born in Punjab, British Raj. He won a gold medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, and a silver medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.
Butt died on 7 September 2021 in Islamabad, Pakistan at the age of 78.
Julio César Turbay Ayala

Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala (18 June 1916 - 13 September 2005) was the 25th President of Colombia from 1978 to 1982.
Biographic data
Turbay was born in a poor neighborhood on June 18, 1916. His father, Antonio Amin Turbay, was a businessman who emigrated from Tannourine, Lebanon.
His mother, Rosaura Ayala, was a peasant from the province of Cundinamarca. Turbay's father was a hard working merchant who had built a fortune, which he completely lost during the civil war of the Thousand Days War.
Presidency
1978 Security Statute
In response to an increase in guerrilla activity, a 1978 decree known as the Security Statute was implemented by Turbay's administration.
The Security Statute gave the military an increased degree of freedom of action, especially in urban areas, to detain, interrogate and eventually judge suspected guerrillas or their collaborators before military tribunals. Human rights organizations, newspaper columnists, political personalities and opposition groups complained about an increase in the number of arbitrary detentions and acts of torture as a result.
1980 Dominican embassy crisis
In late 1980, sixteen ambassadors were held hostage for 61 days as part of a takeover of the Dominican Republic's embassy. The incident soon spread throughout worldwide headlines, as ambassadors from the United States of America, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, Israel and Venezuela had been taken hostage, as well as Colombia's top representative to the Holy See.
Turbay, despite pressure from military and political sectors, avoided deciding to solve the crisis through the use of direct military force, and instead eventually agreed to let the M-19 rebels travel to Cuba. Allegedly, the rebels also received USD 1 million as payment, instead of the initial $50 million that they had originally demanded from the government.
Personal life
Turbay married his niece, Nydia Quintero Turbay, on July 1, 1948. They had four children together: Julio Cesar, Diana, Claudia, and Maria Victoria. However, their marriage was annulled by the Roman Catholic Church, and in 1986 he married his longtime companion Amparo Canal, to whom he remained married until his death.
In January 1991, Turbay's daughter Diana was kidnapped by orders of the Medellin Cartel and died during a failed police rescue operation not sanctioned by her family. Her kidnapping is chronicled in News of a Kidnapping by the Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1996) and depicted in multiple onscreen productions.
Death
Turbay died on September 13, 2005. He was honored by a state funeral personally led by President Alvaro Uribe and was buried at the Sacromonte Caves at Canton Norte, an army base in Bogota.
Flée, Sarthe

Flee is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Achlorhydria

Achlorhydria and hypochlorhydria is when there is very little, or no gastric acid in the stomach. It can come with other medical problems.
Signs
The lowering acid level itself can make symptoms similar to gastroesophageal reflux disease, and hinders protein digestion by holding back the enzyme pepsin. Pepsin needs a low gastric PH to become active. Low acid levels in the stomach are also linked with bacteria growing too much, which can stop the body taking in nutrients or vitamins.
Jan Mølby

Jan Molby (born 4 July 1963) is a former Danish football player. He has played for Denmark national team. Since retiring he has become the Head of the Greeters Guild.
Beaulieu-sur-Mer

Beaulieu-sur-Mer is a commune. It is found in the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.
Moons of Saturn

The planet Saturn has 53 named moons, and another 29 which are still being studied. Many of the moons are very small: 33 are less than in diameter and thirteen moons are less than . Many of the moons are named after Titans, Giants, or minor Greek or Roman gods. Some of Saturn's moons are very large; the moon Titan is bigger than the planet Mercury.
Confirmed moons
The moons of Saturn are listed here by orbital period (or semi-major axis), from shortest to longest. Moons massive enough for their surfaces to have collapsed into a spheroid are highlighted in bold, while the irregular moons are listed in red, orange and gray background.
Very recently, there have been 20 new discoveries of moons on saturn that have not yet been named.
Unconfirmed moons
The following objects (observed by Cassini) have not been confirmed as solid bodies. It is not yet clear if these are real satellites or merely persistent clumps within the F Ring.
Hypothetical moons
Two moons were claimed to be discovered by different astronomers but never seen again. Both moons were said to orbit between Titan and Hyperion.
Chiron which was supposedly sighted by Hermann Goldschmidt in 1861, but never observed by anyone else.
Themis was allegedly discovered in 1905 by astronomer William Pickering, but never seen again. Nevertheless, it was included in numerous almanacs and astronomy books until the 1960s.
Olinda Castielle

Olinda Castielle born Olinda Borggren is a Swedish TV personality who was a contestant on the American reality show Joe Millionaire and the first season of the Swedish version of Paradise Hotel.
Coullemont

Coullemont is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Yoshihide Suga

is a Japanese politician. In September 2020, he was elected Prime Minister of Japan and became President of the Liberal Democratic Party replacing Shinzo Abe. He resigned in September 2021 after negative approval ratings because of his government's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan and the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was replaced by former Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida.
Early life
Suga was born to a family of strawberry farmers in Ogachi (now Yuzawa), a rural area in Akita Prefecture. He moved to Tokyo and earned a Bachelor of Laws from Hosei University in 1973. He worked in a cardboard factory in Tokyo to pay his tuition.
Political career
He was the Chief Cabinet Secretary from December 2012 to September 2020 during the Shinzo Abe cabinet.
He represented the Kanagawa 2nd district in the House of Representatives, first elected in 1996. He was Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications in the cabinet of Shinzo Abe from September 2006 to August 2007.
He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party.
Prime Minister
In August 2020, Suga announced his candidacy for the Liberal Democratic leadership election to replace Prime Minister Shinzo Abe who resigned. Suga easily won the election. He became the Prime Minister of Japan on 16 September 2020.
When Suga began his time in office he was popular, but his approval ratings quickly fell because the public did not like his leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic and management of the delayed 2020 Summer Olympics. By the end of Suga's premiership he was recording some of the lowest approval ratings in Japanese history. He was not doing well in polling numbers of the 2021 LDP leadership election and upcoming 2021 general election.
Suga announced on 3 September 2021 that he would not seek reelection as President of the LDP, ending his term as Prime Minister after just one year. He left office on 4 October and was replaced by Fumio Kishida.
Personal life
Suga is married and has three sons. His wife, Mariko, is the sister of one of his former co-workers in the office of Hikosaburo Okonogi.
Danny Saucedo

Danny Saucedo (born Daniel Gabriel Alessandro Saucedo Grzechowski on 25 February 1986 in Stockholm, Stockholms Lan, Sweden) is a Swedish singer who competed as one of the finalists in Pop Idol -- the Swedish version of Idol. His two songs charted on the official Swedish singles chart. '"Oppna Din Dorr"' (Tommy Nilsson cover) peaked at No. 24 in 2006 and Tokyo (credit to Danny) was two weeks at No. 1 in 2007.
Mercer County

Mercer County is the name of eight counties in the United States:
Mercer County, New Jersey
Mercer County, Illinois
Mercer County, Kentucky
Mercer County, Missouri
Mercer County, North Dakota
Mercer County, Ohio
Mercer County, Pennsylvania
Mercer County, West Virginia
Women in the Victorian era

The status of women in the Victorian era was often seen as an illustration of the striking discrepancy between the United Kingdom's national power and wealth. During the era symbolized by the reign of a female monarch, Queen Victoria, women did not have the right to vote, sue, or - if married - own property. At the same time, women participated in the paid workforce in increasing numbers following the Industrial Revolution. Feminist ideas spread among the educated middle classes, discriminatory laws were repealed, and the women's suffrage movement gained momentum in the last years of the Victorian era.
Charlyne Yi

Charlyne Amanda Yi (born January 4, 1986) is an American actress, comedian, musician and writer. She is known for her role as Dr. Chi Park on the Fox medical drama House, the voice of every Ruby on the Cartoon Network animated series Steven Universe (2013--2019), the voice of Chloe Park on We Bare Bears (2014--2019) and the voice of Alice on Summer Camp Island (2018--present).
Saint Joseph Parish, Dominica

Saint Joseph is one of Dominica's 10 administrative parishes. Saint Joseph Village is the largest settlement in the parish.
The parish is home to the Layou River, the longest river on the island.
Cairnryan

Cairnryan is a small Scottish village overlooking Loch Ryan and is notable today for its large modern ferry port, operated by P&O, which links Scotland with Larne in Northern Ireland. The village has been of vital importance in maritime history.
Hazem Nuseibeh

Hazem Zaki Nuseibeh (6 May 1922 - 10 April 2022), also spelled Nusseibeh and Nusaybah, was a Jordanian politician. He was Minister of Foreign Relations from 1962 until 1965. He was also a Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1976 until 1985. He was seen as one of the most important ideologists of Arab nationalism. Nuseibeh was born in Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine.
Nuseibeh died on 10 April 2022, one month before his 100th birthday.
Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau, also known as the Qinghai-Tibetan (Qingzang) Plateau, is a vast, high plateau in Central Asia. It covers most of the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Qinghai Province in China, and Ladakh in Kashmir, India.
The Tibetan Plateau occupies an area of around 1,000 by 2,500 kilometers, and has an average elevation of over 4,500 meters. It is the highest and largest plateau in the world.
It was formed by the same forces which formed the Himalayas, namely, the movement of the Indian continental plate into Asia. The Plateau has an great effect on climate, and is the main cause of the monsoon rains.
Eduard Hanslick

Eduard Hanslick (born Prague September 11, 1825; died Baden, Austria, August 6, 1904) was a famous music critic. He wrote about music that was being composed in his time. He liked the music of composers like Brahms and Schumann but hated the music of Wagner and Liszt. Their music sounded too modern for his taste.
He was born into a German-speaking family. His father was a music teacher. When he was 18 Hanslick went to study music with Tomasek, one of Prague's most important musicians. He also studied law at Prague University. He did not study music at university but he knew a lot about music and played the piano very well. He started writing music reviews (writing about concerts that had taken place). For many years he wrote reviews in a paper called Neue freie Presse. He became professor of history and music at the University of Vienna and was an adjudicator at lots of music festivals. His most famous book was called Vom Musikalisch-Schonen (About Beauty in Music).
Hanslick's tastes were conservative (he did not like new ideas). We remember him today for writing good things about Brahms and bad things about Wagner. A lot of musicians took sides on this matter. It is sometimes called: The War of the Romantics. Musicians had long arguments in the music journals about which kind of music was better.
Although in some ways he was narrow-minded he had a lot of influence on music. His books on music are very interesting showing great knowledge. He knew most of the great musicians of his day.
Wagner made a caricature of Hanslick in his opera Die Meistersinger von Nurnberg in which the town clerk Beckmesser criticizes the young singer Walther who sings songs which break the traditional rules of composition.
2016 Democrats Abroad primary

The 2016 Democratic Party global presidential primary for Democrats Abroad happened March 1-8, 2016. E-mail, fax, and postal voting started January 11 and ended March 8.
Voters voted once for a presidential candidate: either through Democrats Abroad, or through their home state. Those who vote in the Democrats Abroad global presidential primary may vote or caucus for all other candidates for the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, in their home states. They cannot vote twice for a presidential candidate.
Sanders won the primary by 69% to Clinton's 31% winning 44 out of the 45 international cities.
Ornella Muti

Ornella Muti (born Francesca Romana Rivelli; 9 March 1955) is an Italian actress. She is known for her role as Princess Aura in the 1980 cult classic Flash Gordon.
Vasilisa the Beautiful (1940 movie)

Vasilisa the Beautiful () is a 1940 Soviet fantasy movie directed by Alexander Rou. It stars Georgy Millyar, Sergey Stolyarov, and Lev Potyomkin.
Santiago, Cape Verde

Santiago (Portuguese for "Saint James"), or Santiagu in Cape Verdean Creole, is the largest island of the Cape Verde archipelago. It is the most important agricultural centre and home to half the nation's population. Praia, the capital of the country is in this island.
The Santiago island is part of the Macaronesia, a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean with similar ecosystems.
History
The island was discovered in around 1460 by Antonio de Noli (or Antonio da Noli), a 15th-century nobleman and navigator from Genoa that worked for Henry the Navigator of Portugal. De Noli founded in 1462 the old capital of the islands, Ribeira Grande, now known as Cidade Velha.
Population
(last national census), there were 273,919 people living in the island, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km2.
The largest city of the island is Praia, its capital, with a population, in 2010, of 131,602.
Geography
Santiago is in the southern Sotavento group of islands, at about to the west of the island of Maio and at about to the east of the island of Fogo.
The Santiago island has an area of ; it is long, north to south, and about wide, east to west.
The island is mountainous, although slightly flatter in the southeast. There are two volcanic mountain ranges:
Serra da Malagueta, in the northern part of the island.
Serra do Pico de Antonia, in the southern part of the island, from the southeast to the northwest. Here is the highest point of the island, Pico de Antonia, high.
There are two natural parks in the island to protect the plants and animals in the two mountain ranges:
Parque Natural de Rui Vaz e Serra de Pico de Antonia
Parque Natural de Serra da Malagueta
Climate
Praia, in the southeast coast, has a Tropical and Subtropical Desert climate (Koppen climate classification : Bwh).
The average temperature for the year in Praia is . The warmest month, on average, is August with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Praia is 8.3". The month with the most precipitation on average is August with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is March without any precipitation. There are an average of 49.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in September with 7.0 days and the least precipitation occurring in December with 2.0 days.
Administration
The Santiago island is divided in 9 municipalities (conselhos) and 10 parishes (freguesias).