kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Pierre Pincemaille

Pierre Pincemaille (born in Paris, 8 December, 1956; died in Suresnes, 12 January, 2018) was a French organist and pedadogue. He is known to be a master of improvisation.
Life
Pierre Pincemaille started to study the organ in 1968. He graduated from the Paris Conservatory with five first prizes (in harmony, counterpoint, fugue, organ and improvisation).
He was appointed titular organist at the Basilica of St Denis in Saint-Denis (near Paris) in 1987.
Between 1978 and 1990, he won five international organ competitions (Lyon, Beauvais, Strasbourg, Montbrison, and Chartres).
He was professor in schools of music, especially in Lyon national conservatory (between 2003 and 2005) and in Paris national conservatory (between 2005 and 2018).
He gave more than 1000 concerts and recitals all around the world (France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Norway, Japan, Canada, United States, South Africa...).
He recorded around 20 CDs, with for example the complete organ work of Cesar Franck and Maurice Durufle, the 10 symphonies of Charles-Marie Widor, the written work of Pierre Cochereau, and improvisation work.
He was knight of Ordre des Palmes Academiques, knight of Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and knight of Order of St. Gregory the Great.
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (or NNPT) is a treaty that was made to stop nuclear weapons from being built. It was written in 1968, entered into force in 1970, and 190 countries have signed it since then. Only four nations have not signed it: India, Israel, Pakistan South Sudan. North Korea withdrew in 2003.
Terms
The treaty says that only five countries are allowed to have nuclear weapons. These are called nuclear weapons states. The five nuclear weapons states are China, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Russia. All five of these nations have all signed the treaty. They are not supposed to help any other nation build nuclear weapons. All other nations who sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty promise not to build more nuclear weapons for themselves or others.
The treaty also says that every nation is able to build nuclear power plants and have nuclear technology. However, nations who sign the treaty, but are not nuclear weapons states, promise to not use their nuclear power plants to make nuclear weapons.
The main corporations that made this treaty happen were the United Nations and the IAEA.
Lianna

Lianna is a 1983 lesbian-themed drama movie. The title character is the wife of a college professor teaching at a University in New Jersey. This woman takes up child psychology with a friend named Sandy.
Lianna received several positive reviews from critics. The movie was released January 1983 in the United States.
Candia Canavese

Candia Canavese is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Les Septvallons

Les Septvallons is a commune in the Aisne department of northern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Glennes, Longueval-Barbonval, Merval, Perles, Revillon, Vauxcere and Villers-en-Prayeres.
The town hall is in Longueval-Barbonval.
Geography
Les Septvallons is in the eastern part of the Soissons arrondissement, in the valley of the Aisne river; the commune is on the border with the Marne department, at to the south of Laon, the prefecture of the department, and at to the east of Soissons, the subprefecture of the arrondissement.
It has an area of with an altitude of .
Swagger (software)

Swagger is a suite of tools for API developers from SmartBear Software and a former specification upon which the OpenAPI Specification is based.
History
The Swagger API project was created in 2011 by Tony Tam, technical co-founder of the dictionary site Wordnik. During the development of Wordnik's products, the need for automation of API documentation and client SDK generation became a major source of frustration. Tam designed a simple JSON representation of the API, building upon the flexibility of part of the REST style of architecture and using Swagger quickly gained popularity among API developers due to its ability to generate interactive documentation, client libraries, and server stubs automatically from API specifications. In 2015, the Swagger project was acquired by SmartBear Software, a company that specializes in software quality tools and API testing. SmartBear continues to develop and support Swagger and the OpenAPI Specification, which has become the industry standard for defining RESTful APIs.
Features
Swagger provides a suite of tools for designing, building, documenting, and testing RESTful APIs. Some of its key features include:
Interactive documentation: Swagger UI allows developers to view and interact with the API in a web browser, making it easy to understand and test the API's functionality.
Code generation: Swagger Codegen can generate client libraries, server stubs, and API documentation in various programming languages based on an API's specification.
API testing: Swagger Inspector is a cloud-based tool for testing and validating APIs, with support for various authentication methods and response validations.
API design: Swagger Editor is a web-based tool for designing and editing API specifications in YAML or JSON format.
API management: SwaggerHub is a platform for hosting, sharing, and collaborating on API designs, with features for versioning, team collaboration, and API documentation publishing.
Love County, Oklahoma

Love County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2010, 9,423 people lived there. Its county seat is Marietta.
Geography
The county has a total area of 532 square miles.
Wavefunction collapse

When a scientific experiment is done properly, it will give a measurable result. At each moment, the system (experiment) will be in one of several possible states. At the end, the experiment will be in a final state. At each point in time, the state of the system can be measured.
Experiments done in quantum mechanics work the same way. The difference to classical mechanics is that at each point in time, several states are superposed (overlapping) to describe the state the experiment is in. These states are called eigenstates. In the same way as with classical mechanics, if a measurement is done, there is a single result. This result is the eigenvalue of one of the eigenstates. This means that measurement will reduce the several possible states to a single state by adding them together. After the measurement, the system will be in the state that was measured. In the Copenhagen interpretation, this reduction is known as wavefunction collapse. Collapse is one of two processes by which quantum systems evolve in time. The other is continuous evolution via the Schrodinger equation.
Werner Heisenberg was among the first to explain this situation, in a paper published in 1927. This result is controversial. Erwin Schrodinger used the thought experiment Schrodinger's cat to show this controversy.
Charleston English

Charleston English or the Charleston accent is a sub-variety of Southern American English spoken by elderly natives of Charleston, South Carolina. It is one of the older aristocratic Southern accents with the following features
R-dropping
Canadian raising of ou, making words like house and about more like hoose and aboat.
Vowels in cheer and chair can be pronounced the same. This is the cheer-chair merger.
Intrusive y onto the ar sound so garden and car come out as gyahden and kyah''.
Max Tonetto

Max Tonetto (born 18 November 1974) is a retired Italian football player. He has played for Roma.
Bamboo floor

A bamboo floor is a kind of flooring which is made using bamboo plants. Today, most of the bamboo flooring products come from China and other parts of Asia. Moso bamboo is a type of bamboo most commonly used for this type of flooring.
Sound Tribe Sector Nine

Sound Tribe Sector Nine is a United States band from Atlanta, Georgia. The band's name is commonly abbreviated as just STS9 or Sound Tribe. They are most notably recognized for their live performances consisting of complex light shows.
Cneoridium dumosum (Nuttall) Hooker F. Collected March 26, 1960, at an Elevation of about 1450 Meters on Cerro Quemazón, 15 Miles South of Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California, México, Apparently for a Southeastward Range Extension of Some 140 Miles

"Cneoridium dumosum (Nuttall) Hooker F. Collected March 26, 1960, at an Elevation of about 1450 Meters on Cerro Quemazon, 15 Miles South of Bahia de Los Angeles, Baja California, Mexico, Apparently for a Southeastward Range Extension of Some 140 Miles" is a humorous, but factual, scientific paper. It was written by American botanist Reid Moran who was from the San Diego National History Museum.
Contents
The paper is about a plant species called Cneoridium dumosum.
Because of its long title, which has all of Moran's key points, and its many acknowledgements, the paper only contains the words:
which only has five words, the reference number of the specimen collected (inside parentheses), and a period.
Moran's closing acknowledgement contains the text:
which was also used by biologist George Yatskievych in 1982.
In an obituary to Moran, published by The San Diego Union-Tribune, another botanist Tom Oberbauer said that Moran "had a dry sense of humor".
Publishing
The paper was published in 1962. It was published in volume 16, page 272 of the California Botanical Society's scientific journal called Madrono. The whole paper was later published again, in 2013, with the title "Reprinted Classic Madrono Articles" in Madrono, volume 60, page 359. This was the California Botanical Society's centennial (100th) year.
This paper is not the shortest paper ever published. A 2003 paper written by John H. Conway and Alexander Soifer has the title "Can n2+ 1 unit equilateral triangles cover an equilateral triangle of side > n, say n + e?". The paper only has two words: "n2+2 can", and two figures. An even shorter paper is titled "Chemiefreie Haushaltsprodukte" (which is German for "Chemical-free household products). It has zero words after the abstract.
Hilmar Hoffmann

Hilmar Hoffmann (25 August 1925 - 1 June 2018) was a German cultural and movie historian. He was born in Bremen, Germany. Between 1970 and 1990 he was a City Councillor in Frankfurt am Main, and initiated the promotion of free groups in urban culture. From 1993 to 2001 he was president of the Goethe-Institut (Munich). He taught movie theory and cultural politics at the Goethe University Frankfurt.
Hoffmann died in Frankfurt, Germany on 1 June 2018 of a stroke at the age of 92.
Ready Player One (movie)

Ready Player One is a 2018 American science fiction adventure movie produced and directed by Steve Box, Steven Spielberg, and written by Zak Penn and Ernest Cline. It is based on Cline's 2011 novel of the same name.
The movie stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Lena Waithe, T.J. Miller, Simon Pegg, and Mark Rylance. The movie takes place in 2045 where the rest of humanity uses the virtual reality software OASIS to escape the darkness of the real world.
It was theatrically released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on March 29, 2018, in 2D, Real D 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D. It made $582 million worldwide. The movie received generally positive reviews.
De Havilland Comet

The de Havilland DH 106 Comet was the first production commercial jetliner. The Avro Tudor and Vickers VC.1 Viking was fitted with Rolls-Royce Nene turbojets. It had flown earlier but were experimental models. The jet was made by de Havilland at its Hatfield Aerodrome, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom headquarters. The prototype first flew on 27 July 1949. It featured an aerodynamically clean design with four de Havilland Ghost turbojet engines buried in the wings. It had a pressurised fuselage. The jet had large square windows. It showed signs of being a commercial success at its 1952 debut.
The original Comet was about the length of the later Boeing 737-100. It carried fewer people in a more comfortable environment. For the era, it offered a relatively quiet passenger cabin. The Comet had passengers like Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and Princess Margaret. Flights on the Comet were faster than on other advanced aircraft. In August 1953 BOAC scheduled nine-stop London to Tokyo flights by Comet for 36 hours. Other aircrafts took more than 86 hours. A special order Comet for the exclusive use of King Saud bin Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia was described as "the world's first executive jet".
In 1954, the Comets began suffering problems, with three of them breaking up during mid-flight in accidents. During its service, the Comet was involved in 13 fatal crashes which resulted in 426 fatalities. On 10 January 1954, the first Comet produced broke up in mid-air and crashed into the Mediterranean. All 35 persons on board died. On 8 April 1954, a Comet on charter to South African Airways crashed in the Mediterranean near Naples. All on board died.
The Comet was removed from service and tested to discover the cause. Design flaws, including dangerous stresses at the corners of the square windows were noted. As a result, the Comet was redesigned into models 2, 3, and in 1958 the Comet 4. But meanwhile other aircraft designers had their own jets, the Boeing 707 in 1957 and in 1960 the Douglas DC-8. The American jets were larger, faster, longer-ranged, and more cost-effective than the Comet. In 1960, as part of a consolidation of the British aerospace industry, de Havilland was bought by Hawker Siddeley. Aviation author Bill Withun concluded that the Comet had pushed "'state-of-the-art' beyond its limits." The only complete remaining Comet 1 is displayed at the RAF Museum Cosford.
Papurana arfaki

The Arfak Mountains frog or large river frog (Papurana arfaki) is a frog from Aru Island in New Guinea.
Sierra Nevada

Sierra Nevada, meaning "snowy range" in Spanish, is the name of at least three mountain ranges:
Sierra Nevada (Spain) protected by the Sierra Nevada National Park, in Andalusia
Sierra Nevada (US) in California and Nevada, United States
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt in Mexico
There are also two single mountains named Sierra Nevada in the Andes which are volcanoes:
Sierra Nevada (stratovolcano)
Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas
Other mountains:
Sierra Nevada de Merida, protected by the Sierra Nevada National Park (Venezuela) in Merida and Barinas.
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia)
Sierra Nevada may also refer to beer produced by Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, a California brewery.
Volcanoes in Iceland

Many volcanoes in Iceland are active volcanoes. This is due to its location on the mid-Atlantic Ridge which is a tectonic plate boundary. Iceland has 30 active volcanic systems. Of these, 13 have erupted since the settlement of Iceland in 874 AD. The eruption under Eyjafjallajokull ("glacier of Eyjafjoll") in 2010 was notable because the volcanic ash plume disrupted air travel in northern Europe for several weeks.
Margarida Conte

Margarida Conte is a handball player from Brazil. Margarida competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She was born on 2 September 1966.
Darrell Hammond

Darrell Clayton Hammond (born October 8, 1955) is an American actor, stand-up comedian and impressionist. He was a regular on Saturday Night Live from 1995 until 2009, the longest term of any cast member in the show's history, until his record was passed by Kenan Thompson in 2017.
In 2014, he became the official announcer of SNL after the death of Don Pardo. He is known for playing Bill Clinton, Colonel Sanders, Sean Connery, and Donald Trump.
Hirohiko Araki

Hirohiko Araki is a manga artist from Sendai, a city in Japan. He is most famous for the JoJo's Bizarre Adventure series. He also made Baoh, the Visitor and Gorgeous Irene.
Roma people in Latvia

The Roma population in Latvia is small. According to data from the population register of the Office for Citizenship and Migration Affairs there were 7,456 Romani individuals residing in Latvia as at 1 January 2017, comprising 0.3% of the total Latvian population.
Dassault Mirage F1

Mirage F1 is a French air superiority and attack aircraft. Its first flight was on 23 December 1966, but it first entered into the French Air Force in 1973. Dassault Aviation has built this turbojet aircraft. Its current important users are France, Iran and Morocco.
Paul McDonald Calvo

Paul McDonald Calvo (born July 25, 1934) is an Guamanian politician. He was the third elected Governor of Guam from January 1, 1979 to January 3, 1983. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Calvo was born in Agana, Guam. He studied at Santa Clara University. His son, Eddie Calvo, was elected governor of Guam in 2011.
Gita Sahgal

Gita Sahgal (born 1956 / 1957) is a writer on the subjects of feminism and fundamentalism. She was the leader of Amnesty International's gender unit from 2003 to 2010.
Sahgal was born in Bombay in India. Her mother is writer Nayantara Sahgal. She was raised as a Hindu. In 1972 she moved to London. In London she studied at the School of Oriental and African Studies. In 1977 Sahgal went back to India. She moved back to England in 1983.
Career
In 1979 she started Southall Black Sisters with Pragna Patel. SBS is an organization that helps Asian and black women who are experiencing domestic violence, sexual violence, forced marriage, etc. She started Women Against Fundamentalism in 1989 with Patel, Clara Connolly, and Nira Yuval-Davis in response to the Rushdie affair. In 1992 Sahgal wrote in Refusing Holy Orders: Women and Fundamentalism in Britain and edited it with Yuval-Davis. In 2003 Sahgal became the head of Amnesty International's gender unit. In 2010 Sahgal was fired because she wrote an article for the Sunday Times criticising Amnesty's associations with Moazzam Begg. She left the organization. The Centre for Secular Space was started by Sahgal in 2011.
Personal life
Sahgal is an atheist.
1334

Events
December 20 - Pope Benedict XII succeeds Pope John XXII as the 197th pope.
The first recorded outbreak of the Black Death occurred in Hubei.
Mixe tree frog

The mixe tree frog (Megastomatohyla nubicola) is a frog. It lives in Mexico. It lives in the states of Veracruz near Huatusco. Scientists have seen it at about 1325 meters above sea level.
Wee Willie Winkie

"Wee Willie Winkie" is a Scottish nursery rhyme. The main character in the rhyme is well-known as a personification of sleep. The poem was written by William Miller and titled "Willie Winkie", first published in Whistle-binkie: Stories for the Fireside in 1841. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 13711.
Lyrics
The original text of 1841 in Scots, and a paraphrased version for English-language readers (from 1844) are below:
Origins and meaning
The poem was written by William Miller (1810-1872), first printed in Whistle-binkie: Stories for the Fireside in 1841 and re-printed in Whistle-Binkie; a Collection of Songs for the Social Circle published in 1873. In Jacobite songs Willie Winkie referred to King William III of England, one example being "The Last Will and Testament of Willie winkie" but it seems likely that Miller was simply using the name rather than writing a Jacobite satire.
Such was the popularity of Wee Willie Winkie that the character has become one of several bedtime entities such as the Sandman, Ole Lukoje of Scandinavia, Klaas Vaak of the Netherlands, Dormette of France and Billy Winker in Lancashire.
Pakistanis

The word Pakistani or Pakistanis () means from or about the country of the modern Islamic Republic of Pakistan partly consisting of the Indus Valley. It refers to a person or people from Pakistan.
Every citizen of Pakistan is called a Pakistani (singular) or Pakistanis (plural).
Riccardo III

Riccardo III is an Italian opera in four acts, music by Luigi Canepa and libretto by Fulvio Fulgonio, after William Shakespeare's play Richard III. It was first performed in Milan, on November 10, 1879.
Principal characters
Riccardo III - bass
Rismondo - tenor
Scroop - baritone
Rutlando - comprimary tenor
Elisabetta, queen - soprano or mezzo-soprano
Elisabetta, daughter - soprano
Discography
1962: Nicola Rossi-Lemeni (Riccardo III), Franco Bonisolli (Rismondo), Walter Alberti (Scroop), Tommaso Frascati (Rutlando), Lucilla Udovich (Regina), Antonietta Pastori (Elisabetta); Corale "Luigi Canepa" Sassari, Orchestra dell'Ente Concerti "Marialisa de Carolis", Nino Bonavolonta - (Opera d'Oro, later Decca)
Sources
The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
Acute stress disorder

Acute stress disorder (ASD, also known as acute stress reaction, psychological shock, mental shock, or simply shock) is a psychological response to a terrifying, traumatic, or surprising event. The American Psychiatric Association first introduced it to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders in 1994.
Acute stress disorder is not fatal, but it may bring stress if not treated. ASD typically occurs within one month of a traumatic event. It lasts at least three days and can persist for up to one month. People with ASD have symptoms similar to those seen in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Patients with acute stress disorder may benefit from psychological first aid. This offers practical assistance; and helping the patient get social support and other services.
Symptoms
ASD symptoms fall under five broad categories:
Intrusion symptoms. These occur when a person is unable to stop revisiting a traumatic event through flashbacks, memories, or dreams.
Negative mood. A person may experience negative thoughts, sadness, and low mood.
Dissociative symptoms. These can include an altered sense of reality, a lack of awareness of the surroundings, and an inability to remember parts of the traumatic event.
Avoidance symptoms. People with these symptoms purposefully avoid thoughts, feelings, people, or places that they associate with the traumatic event.
Arousal symptoms. These can include insomnia and other sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, and irritability or aggression, which can be either verbal or physical. The person may also feel tense or on guard and become startled very easily.
Causes
A traumatic event can cause significant physical, emotional, or psychological harm.
Irena Laskowska

Irena Laskowska (15 March 1925 - 6 December 2019) was a Polish actress. She appeared in more than 40 movies and television shows between 1948 and 2003. Laskowska was known for her roles in The Last Day of Summer (1958), Milczace slady (1961), Salto (1965), Hunting Flies (1969), Everything for Sale (1969) and in Pornografia (2003).
Laskowska was born in Krakow. He died on 6 December 2019 in Warsaw at the age of 94.
The Unbearable Lightness of Being

The Unbearable Lightness of Being () is a 1984 novel by Milan Kundera, about two women, two men, a dog and their lives in the 1968 Prague Spring period of Czechoslovak history.
The original Czech text was published the following year.
Rich Girl

"Rich Girl" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (2004). Produced by Dr. Dre, the track features American rapper Eve. It is the second time that both Stefani and Eve had done a song together, "Rich Girl" also samples both "Rich Girl" reggae girl group Louchie Lou & Michie One and "If I Were a Rich Man" a song from Fiddler on the Roof.
Track listings
European CD single
"Rich Girl" (album version featuring Eve) - 3:56
"What You Waiting For?" (live) - 3:52
UK and European CD maxi single
"Rich Girl" (album version featuring Eve) - 3:56
"What You Waiting For?" (live) - 3:52
"Harajuku Girls" (live) - 4:36
"Rich Girl" (video) - 4:03
US 12" single
A1. "Rich Girl" (Get Rich Mix) - 4:07
A2. "Rich Girl" (Get Rich Instrumental) - 4:07
B1. "Rich Girl" (Get Rich Quick Mix) - 3:47
B2. "Rich Girl" (Get Rich Quick Instrumental) - 4:07
B3. "Rich Girl" (Acappella) - 3:57
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love. Angel. Music. Baby.
Willemstad

Willemstad is the capital city of Curacao, an island in the southern Caribbean Sea that forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 2008, 140,000 people lived there.
Armageddon (movie)

Armageddon is a 1998 disaster movie directed by Michael Bay and starring Bruce Willis. Released on July 1, 1998, the film received mixed reviews but was a box office success.
Death hoax

A death hoax is a false report of someone's death.
In some cases, it might be because the person has faked their own death on purpose. In some cases they are mistakes while in most cases, they are intentional. Hoaxes are designed to play on other people's emotions. Sometimes, a death hoax is designed to be a practical joke; however, most are to give the person starting the rumor a sense of power over their victims.
There are often consequences when the person who started the hoax is discovered. The news media has to be especially careful of hoaxes, including death hoaxes. While some people will believe anything, most people resent being tricked. However, it depends on how the story is handled: For example, a death hoax ran in Canadian papers about a hard-drinking, hard-swearing Carcross Parrot who had just died; most forgave the writers since the story was published on April Fools' Day.
Mark Twain is one of the most famous people to be the subject of a death hoax. In his case, the newspapers were just careless. This is when he uttered his famous quote, "The report of my death was an exaggeration." It has often been misquoted as "reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated".
Oberwart District

Oberwart is a district in Burgenland, Austria. The administrative center is also named Oberwart.
Municipalities
Towns are in boldface; market towns in italics; suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are in small characters.
Where appropriate, the Burgenland Croatian and Hungarian names are given in parentheses.
Mariano Laurenti

Mariano Laurenti (15 April 1929 - 6 January 2022) was an Italian movie director, screenwriter and actor. He directed 50 movies between 1966 and 1999. His best known movies were Ubalda, All Naked and Warm (1972), The Schoolteacher Goes to Boys' High (1977) and How to Seduce Your Teacher'' (1979).
Laurenti died in Gubbio, Italy on 6 January 2022, at the age of 92.
Chaumes-en-Brie

Chaumes-en-Brie is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Seine-et-Marne department in north-central France.
Jonathan Bowen

Jonathan P. Bowen (born 1956) is a British computer scientist. He is an Emeritus (retired) Professor at London South Bank University (LSBU). He is known for supporting museums online.
Early life
Bowen was born in Oxford. He was the son of the chemist and botanist, Humphry Bowen. He studied Engineering Science at University College (Oxford University). Bowen later worked at Imperial College London, the Oxford University Computing Laboratory, the University of Reading, and London South Bank University. He worked in the area of formal (mathematical) methods for specifying software.
Works
In 1994, Bowen founded the Virtual Library museums pages (VLmp). This was an online museums directory that was adopted by the International Council of Museums. In the following year, he also started the Virtual Museum of Computing. He has written and edited a number of reviewed books on software engineering, the computer pioneer Alan Turing, and museums and digital culture.
Bowen was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in 2002 and of the British Computer Society in 2004. He is a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists and a Freeman of the City of London.
Books
Hinchey, M.G. and Bowen, J.P., editors, Applications of Formal Methods. Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science, 1995. .
Bowen, J.P., Formal Specification and Documentation using Z: A Case Study Approach. International Thomson Computer Press, International Thomson Publishing, 1996. .
Copeland, J., Bowen, J.P., Sprevak, M., Wilson, R., et al., The Turing Guide. Oxford University Press, 2017. (hardcover), (paperback).
Giannini, T. and Bowen, J.P., editors, Museums and Digital Culture: New Perspectives and Research. Springer Series on Cultural Computing, Springer, 2019. , e-, .
Les nuits d'été

Les nuits d'ete (Summer Nights), Op. 7, is a song cycle by the French composer Hector Berlioz. It is a setting of six poems by Theophile Gautier. Berlioz finished composing the songs in 1841. At first they were just for a singer with piano accompaniment. The singer could be either baritone, contralto, or mezzo-soprano. Later Berlioz changed the work, making the voice a soprano and arranging the accompaniment for orchestra. The first song to be orchestrated was L'Absence. He wrote this version for a singer called Marie Recio who went with him on a concert tour of Germany. All six songs were published in their orchestral version in 1856. That is how the work is nearly always performed nowadays. The titles of the songs are:
Villanelle (Villanelle)
Le spectre de la rose (The spectre of the rose)
Sur les lagunes (On the lagoons)
Absence (Absence)
Au cimetiere (In the cemetery)
L'ile inconnue (The unknown island)
Poltergeist (2015 movie)

Poltergeist is a 2015 American horror, fantasy and thriller movie. It is a remake of Steven Spielberg's 1982 movie with the same name. This new version is produced by Sam Raimi. It stars Sam Rockwell, Rosemarie DeWitt, Jared Harris, and Jane Adams.
The movie was released on May 22, 2015 in North America. It will be screened in 3D.
Plot
This movie is about a family whose suburban home has an invasion of angry spirits. These frightening ghosts attack the family who live in a quiet wealthy neighborhood. They kidnap the youngest daughter. The family has to make a plan to rescue her.
Marketing
The first trailer for the new movie was released on February 5, 2015. A Slate Magazine writer said that the trailer made the movie look too much like the first one. James Hibberd of Entertainment Weekly said that the trailer "retains and amplifies several elements from the original". He also gave praise that "the modernizing doesn't result in, say, the family's daughter being kidnapped by ghosts in Snapchat". Brad Miska of Bloody Disgusting said that "while every fiber of my being wants to reject it, [the film] actually looks pretty insane", and praised the trailer's last scene. A Polygon writer said that the trailer looked similar to the first movie, but that it "looks great, as a horror movie".
Alessio Tacchinardi

Alessio Tacchinardi (born 23 July 1975) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Jason Myers

Jason Myers (born May 12, 1991) is an American football placekicker for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He was born in Chula Vista, California. He played college football at Marist College in Poughkeepsie, NY. In 2014 Myers played for the Arizona Rattlers and the San Jose SaberCats of the Arena Football League. On March 3, 2015, Myers signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars. On August 31, 2015, the Jaguars announced that Myers had earned the placekicker role on the team. Veteran Josh Scobee was traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers.
Brailly-Cornehotte

Brailly-Cornehotte is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Markham, Illinois

Markham is a city in Illinois in the United States. It is in Cook County. The population was 12,620 at the 2000 census.
Robert Pine

Robert Pine (born Granville Whitelaw Pine, July 10, 1941) is an American actor. He is best known as Sgt. Joseph Getraer on the television series CHiPs (1977-1983).
Tschiertschen-Praden

Tschiertschen-Praden is a municipality of the district Plessur in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland. It started on 1 January 2009 when Praden and Tschiertschen combined.
Olshany

Olshany (, ) is a town in Republic of Belarus. It is in Stolin Raion, Brest Voblast. Its documental records began in 1392.
Martin Lundström

Martin Lundstrom (30 May 1918 - 30 June 2016) was a Swedish cross-country skier. He competed in the late 1940s and early 1950s. He was born in Tvarliden, Norsjo Municipality.
Lundstrom won two Olympic gold medals during the 1948 Winter Olympics in Saint-Moritz, Switzerland at the 18 km and 4 x 10 km relay events. He also won a bronze medal in the 4 x 10 km relay at the 1952 Winter Olympics.
Lundstrom also won at the 18 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1948. Additionally, he won a gold in the 4 x 10 km relay at the 1950 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships.
He died in June 2016 in Stockholm at the age of 98.
Kvænangen (fjord)

Kvaenangen is a fjord located in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. It is about long and runs through Skjervoy Municipality and Kvaenangen Municipality. The fjord stretches from the Norwegian Sea to the village of Kvaenangsbotn, and branches off into Reisafjorden to the west and Badderfjorden to the east. The European route E06 highway crosses the fjord on the Sorstraumen Bridge, just west of the village of Sekkemo.
There are several islands located in Kvaenangen, including Arnoya, Laukoya, Skjervoya, Kagen, Haukoya, Rodoya, Skorpa, Noklan, and Spildra. The fjord is also home to various marine animals, including cetaceans such as harbour porpoises, dolphins, minke whales, sperm whales, and beluga whales. In recent years, humpback whales have started to return to the fjord to feed.
Adelante (Sash! song)

"Adelante" is a 1999 song by the German DJ group Sash! and it features Peter Faulhammer and German DJ Rodriguez. It is the first single from their third studio album Trilenium which was released on 22 May 2000.
It was played a lot in clubs around the world and is one of Sash!'s biggest songs.
Black and White in Color

Black and White in Color is a 1976 Ivorian French World War I comedy movie directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud and starring Jean Carmet, Jacques Dufilho, Catherine Rouvel, Jacques Spiesser, Maurice Barrier. It won an Academy Award in 1977.
Haskell, Texas

Haskell is a city in central Haskell County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,322. It is the Haskell county seat. United States Secretary of Energy and former Governor of Texas Rick Perry was born here.
Michelle Obama

Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is a former author and attorney who was the first lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017 as the wife of the President Barack Obama. She was the first African American woman to serve as this role. Like many other first ladies, Michelle has worked as a spokesperson for a cause. The cause she supports is better nutrition and exercise for children. She has done work with the Disney Channel and Nickelodeon to support this cause.
Life
Michelle LaVaughn Robinson was born at Provident Hospital of Cook County in Chicago, Illinois on January 17, 1964. She went to Princeton University and Harvard Law School. She and Barack Obama were married on October 3, 1992, and they have two children, Malia (born July 4, 1998) and Sasha (born June 10, 2001). For a long time, she lived in Chicago with her family. Then, her husband became a junior Senator for the State of Illinois. After that, he ran for President of the United States and won. Michelle became the First Lady of the United States and lived in the White House with her husband and two children. Her husband was elected on November 6, 2012, to a second term as president, so she served as First Lady until January 20, 2017.
On September 17, 2014, Obama visited St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. Kids there asked her questions. She said when she was asked who in her family that she liked to prank the most that her husband was the person, also saying they love to scare each other. Their daughters also try to scare them, but are not good, as their mother claimed. She also said the Truman Balcony is her favorite part of the White House. When asked about what she liked most about being First Lady of the United States, she answered that she enjoyed meeting the Pope and also spoke of being around Beyonce and her fans at one of her concerts. She showed how excited she was by saying "Oh, my stars!"
In June 2018, she spoke to the American Library Association saying of her time in the White House as having had "no time for mistake".
Family
Michelle Obama's brother, Craig Robinson, is the head coach of the Oregon State University men's basketball team. Her father, Fraser Robinson, was a pump operator for the Chicago Water Department. Her mother Marion Robinson stayed home to raise her and her brother Craig. Her children are Sasha and Malia Ann Obama.
Hazebrouck

Hazebrouck (, , , ) is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 21,353 people lived there.
Crash Bash

Crash Bash (or Crash Bandicoot Carnival in Japan) is the fifth video game for the Crash Bandicoot series. In this game, a variety of mini-games are available for the player to play. The warp rooms were brought back here.
Prime Minister of Albania

The prime minister of Albania (), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania (), is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and as well the most powerful and influential person in Albanian politics.
The prime minister holds the executive power of the nation and represents the Council of Ministers and chairs its meetings.
The prime minister is appointed by the President of Albania.
The 33rd and current officeholder is Edi Rama, who started his first four-year-term on 15 September 2013.
Carlos Ruiz

Carlos Humberto Ruiz Gutierrez (born 15 September 1979), nicknamed El Pescadito ("The Little Fish"), is a Guatemalan former professional footballer.
Ruiz has played for five MLS clubs (Los Angeles Galaxy, FC Dallas, Toronto FC, Philadelphia Union, and D.C. United).
He was a member of the Guatemalan national team from 1998 to 2016.
Henrique Rosa

Henrique Pereira Rosa (16 January 1946 - 15 May 2013) was a politician from Guinea-Bissau. He was interim President of Guinea-Bissau from 2003 to 2005.
Rosa was born on 16 January 1946 in Bafata, Guinea-Bissau. Rosa handed over power to Vieira on 1 October 2005.
Rosa stood as an independent candidate in the Guinea-Bissau presidential election, 2009, finishing in third place.
On 15 May 2013, Rosa died at a hospital in Porto, in northern Portugal, after losing a nine month battle with lung cancer. He was 67 years old.
Bernay-Neuvy-en-Champagne

Bernay-Neuvy-en-Champagne is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former communes of Neuvy-en-Champagne (the seat) and Bernay-en-Champagne.
Fujita scale

The Fujita scale is a scale used for rating tornado strength, based on the damage tornadoes cause on human-built buildings and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists (and engineers) after a ground and/or aerial damage inspection; also including analysis of available sources such as eyewitness accounts and damage images and/or videos. It was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale in the United States in February 2007 and in Canada in April 2013.
Jaime King

Jaime King (born April 23, 1979) is an American actress and model.
Her first major role was in Pearl Harbor (2001) and her first starring movie role was in Bulletproof Monk (2003). She has since appeared in other movies including Sin City (2005) and My Bloody Valentine 3D (2009).
From 2011 to 2015, starred in the television series Hart of Dixie. In 2016, she had the lead role in The Mistletoe Promise, a Hallmark movie. She also voiced the role of Aurra Sing on Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
Arnaut Danièl

Arnaut Daniel de Riberac (today Arnaut Daniel) wrote and performed music and poetry in the 12th century. He was Occitan.
Windows Phone 8

Windows Phone 8 was the second release of the Windows Phone. It was publicly released on October 29, 2012. It was similar to Windows 8. It is unsupported as of January 12, 2016. The phone could be updated to Windows Phone 8.1 for security patches. The first update was leaked on November 2, 2012. Microsoft released the final version, Update 3, on April 14, 2014, just six days after Windows XP's end of support.
Development history
On June 20, 2010, Microsoft revealed the new Windows Phone 8 (codenamed Apollo). It was the first for Windows Phone from Microsoft, and it was released in 2012, Windows Phone 8 was changed by Windows CE, after the first release for Windows Phone 7. Windows Phone 8 was based on Windows Phone 7, the successor is Windows Phone 8.1, released in 2014. There were two supported platforms in Windows Phone 8.
Windows Phone 8 has supported platform for news was WVGA, except for the Windows Phone 7.
Update 1
Update 1 for Windows Phone 8 was released on October 29, 2012. There had been Windows Store updates, the start screen had a green theme, white wallpaper, music and video. The update was leaked on the internet on November 2, 2012.
Update 2
Update 2 for Windows Phone 8 was released on November 12, 2012. In the start menu, you could launch the Action Center. It was released on November 3, 2012.
Update 3
Update 3 for Windows Phone 8 was released on April 14, 2014. The start screen had updated in the new OneNote.
End of support
On January 12, 2016. Microsoft reached the final update for Windows Phone 8. Microsoft had no more security update(s) for the Windows Phone 8. Microsoft announced a successor to Windows Phone 8 which was the Windows Phone 8.1. After the end of support for Windows Phone 8, users must to be upgrade to Windows Phone 8.1, which was supported until July 11, 2017.
Features not in Windows Phone 8
Cortana did not exist in Windows Phone 8 and could only be used in Windows Phone 8.1. SkyDrive (now known as OneDrive) was removed, and was added to the Internet Explorer app. The Windows Phone 8 had no update settings, and file history didn't exist.
Barbara Olson

Barbara Kay Olson (nee Bracher; December 27, 1955 September 11, 2001) was an American lawyer and conservative television commentator. She was born in Houston, Texas. She worked for CNN, Fox News Channel, and several other outlets. She was married to Solicitor General Theodore Olson.
Olson was a passenger on American Airlines Flight 77 en route to California when it was flown into The Pentagon in the September 11 attacks. Her original plan had been to fly to California on September 10, but she delayed her departure until the next morning so that she could wake up with her husband on his birthday, September 11.
Châtillon-lès-Sons

Chatillon-les-Sons is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Ralph Carney

Ralph Carney (January 23, 1956 - December 17, 2017) was an American singer, composer, and multi-instrumentalist. His main instruments were various saxophones and clarinets, Carney also collected and played many instruments, often unusual or obscure ones. He started as a professional musician as a founding member of the band Tin Huey. He was known for his works as Tom Waits.
Carney died on December 16, 2017 at the age of 61 after falling down the steps of his home in Portland, Oregon.
Georgina Henry

Georgina Clare Henry (8 June 1960 - 7 February 2014) was a British journalist. She worked with The Guardian. She held several senior positions at the newspaper.
Henry was born in Aden, Yemen (then a British colony) on 8 June 1960. Henry was educated at Cranbrook School, Kent and King's College London where she read history. At King's College she met Ronan Bennett, subsequently a writer, who became her life-long partner.
Henry died on 7 February 2014 in London, England from eye cancer, aged 53.
Corder, Missouri

Corder is a city in Lafayette County, Missouri, United States.
State supreme court

In the United States, a state supreme court (known by other names in some states) is the highest judicial tribunal in the court system of a particular state.
Generally, the state supreme court, like most appellate courts, is exclusively for hearing appeals from lower courts. It does not make any finding of facts, and thus holds no trials. In the case where the trial court made an egregious error in its finding of facts, the state supreme court will send the case back to the trial court for a new trial. This responsibility of correcting the errors of inferior courts is the origin of a number of the different names for supreme courts in various state court systems. The court consists of a panel of judges selected by methods outlined in the state constitution.
Many states elect their state Supreme Court justices and/or use elections to retain judges. Since 2000, the amount of money raised by judicial candidates has risen enormously. Special interest groups have contributed to many of these campaigns raising questions of impartiality. The US Supreme Court, in Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co. (2009) in a 5-4 decision, ruled that an elected state supreme court judge sitting on a case involving a campaign contributor was a violation of due process.
Lasseube

Lasseube is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Sambuca di Sicilia

Sambuca di Sicilia (Sicilian: Sammuca) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily.
Princess Adrienne, Duchess of Blekinge

Princess Adrienne of Sweden, Duchess of Blekinge (Adrienne Josephine Alice Bernadotte; born 9 March 2018) is the daughter of the Princess Madeleine of Sweden and her husband, Christopher O'Neill. The princess is the couple's third child. Princess Adrienne is currently eleventh in the line for the crown of Sweden. Christened on 8 June 2018 at Drottningholm Palace chapel, exactly five years after her parents married on 8 June 2013 and four years after the christening of her sister, Princess Leonore, on 8 June 2014. Her godparents are: Anouska d' Abo, Coralie Charriol Paul, Nader Panahpour, Gustav Thott, Charlotte Krueger Cederlund, and Natalie Werner.
Down Among the Sheltering Palms (movie)

Down Among the Sheltering Palms is a 1953 American musical comedy movie directed by Edmund Goulding and starring David Wayne, Mitzi Gaynor, William Lundigan, Jane Greer, Gloria DeHaven. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Kuk (mythology)

Kek (also spelled as Kuk or Keku) is the ancient Egyptian deity of night and darkness. As a concept, Kek was viewed as having male and female qualities. His female form was known as Kauket (also spelled as Keket), which is simply the female form of the word Kek.
Kek's male form was seen as a frog, or as a frog-headed man. The female form was seen as a snake, or a snake-headed woman. He also symbolized the unknown and chaos. Kuk was the god of the hours before dawn and was known as "Bringer-in-of-the-Light" as he guided the sun barge of the god Ra toward the sky from the underworld. Kauket, his feminine balance, was depicted as a woman with the head of a serpent also called "Bringer-in-of-the-Darkness" who presided over the hours of twilight when the sun was setting and guided the sun barge into the underworld.
President of Estonia

The President of the Republic of Estonia () is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia. The current President is Alar Karis since 11 October 2021.
Presidents of Estonia
Living former presidents
There are three living former Estonian presidents:
The most recent President to die was Lennart Meri, who died on March 14 2006.
José Antonio Mari Alcaraz

Jose Antonio Mari Alcaraz (born October 23, 1988 in Valencia) is a swimmer from Spain. He has a physical disability: he is an S10 type swimmer. In 2012, he lived in San Cugat del Valles, Barcelona. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the 50 meter S10 freestyle race.
Mukden Palace

The Mukden Palace (), also known as the Shenyang Imperial Palace (), was a former imperial palace for the emperor of the Qing dynasty. It became part of UNESCO World Heritage List in 2004. It was added to the Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Forbidden City, Beijing.
It was built in 1625 for the for the early Qing dynasty who ruled the Manchu. China's first three Qing emperors lived there between 1625 to 1644. After the fall of dynasties in China, the place was turned into a museum. It is at the center of Shenyang, Liaoning.
Portsmouth, New Hampshire

Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, in the United States. It is the only city in the county, but only the fourth-largest community. It has a population of 21,233 at the 2010 census.