Moselle (department)

Moselle is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the Moselle river. The prefecture (capital) of Moselle is Metz.
History
Moselle is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in nine districts: Metz, Bitche, Boulay, Briey, Longwy, Morhange, Sarreguemines, Sarrelouis and Thionville, with Metz as is capital.
In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the nine districts were changed into four arrondissements: Metz, Briey, Sarreguemines and Thionville.
The Moselle department was eliminated in 1871 when part of the territory became part of Germany; the remaining parts were combined with the Meurthe department to form Meurthe-et-Moselle.
In 1919, a new department of Moselle was formed.
In 2015, several arrondissements were eliminated and their territories passed to the remaining arrondissements, and only 5 were kept: Forbach-Boulay-Moselle, Metz, Sarrebourg-Chateau-Salins, Sarreguemines and Thionville.
Geography
The Moselle department is in the Grand Est region and borders only 2 departments: Meurthe-et-Moselle to the south and west, and Bas-Rhin to the east. To the north, the department borders Germany and to the northwest with Luxembourg.
Moselle has an area of . Its highest point is Grossman () in the western part of the department on the border with the Bas-Rhin department; it is high.
The main rivers in the department are the Moselle, the Saar and the Seille.
Climate
The area around Metz, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Koppen climate classification type for the climate at Metz is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Metz is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is April with an average of .
The average temperature for the year in Metz is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of
Administration
Moselle is managed by the Departmental Council of Moselle in Metz. The department is part of the Grand Est region.
Administrative divisions
There are 5 arrondissements (districts), 27 cantons and 727 communes (municipalities) in Moselle.
The following is a list of the 27 cantons of the Moselle department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Algrange (5701)
Bitche (5702)
Boulay-Moselle (5703)
Bouzonville (5704)
Les Coteaux de Moselle (5705)
Fameck (5706)
Faulquemont (5707)
Forbach (5708)
Freyming-Merlebach (5709)
Hayange (5710)
Metz-1 (5711)
Metz-2 (5712)
Metz-3 (5713)
Metzervisse (5714)
Montigny-les-Metz (5715)
Le Pays Messin (5716)
Phalsbourg (5715)
Rombas (5718)
Saint-Avold (5719)
Sarralbe (5720)
Sarrebourg (5721)
Sarreguemines (5722)
Le Saulnois (5723)
Le Sillon Mosellan (5724)
Stiring-Wendel (5725)
Thionville (5726)
Yutz (5727)
Demographics
The inhabitants of the Moselle department are known, in French, as Mosellans or (women: Mosellanes),
Moselle had a population, in 2014, of 1,045,154, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Metz, with 341,821 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Moselle
The 10 communes with more inhabitants in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department are:
Economy
In the 19th century, the economy of was characterized by heavy industry, especially steel and iron factories. After the weakening of these industries at the end of the 20th century, the department has tried to promote new economic activities based on industry and technology.