kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Razem

Partia Razem (, Together Party) is a left-wing Polish political party created in May 2015. It is one of the many parties that were involved in the Polish parliamentary election of 2015. The party supports labor rights and is against deregulation. It is democratically socialist and socialdemocratic. During the 2015 elections it has achieved 3.62% of the votes, but that was not enough to gain a seat in the parliament.
The colour of the party is red-violet.
Mavis Staples

Mavis Staples (born July 10, 1939) is an American rhythm and blues and gospel singer, actress, and civil rights activist. She has recorded and performed with her family's band The Staple Singers, and also as a solo artist.
Staples was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999 and the Blues Hall of Fame in 2017.
Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (, , ), is Congo's head of government. The current prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is no one since 7 April 2019
The position of prime minister was already present in the first government after independence of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with the first prime minister Patrice Emery Lumumba.
The position was restored in 1977, as the title of "First State Commissioner" which, in reality, was weak in comparison to the pre-war office of Prime Minister. The office became vacant in 1997.
Kottangal

Kottangal is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India.
Language
Malayalam is the native language of Kottangal.
Politics
Kottangal is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency.
Weather
The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year.
Transportation
The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC).
Arne Maier

Arne Carl Maier (; born 8 January 1999) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bundesliga club FC Augsburg, on loan from Hertha BSC. He represented the Germany national under-21 team.
Putuo District

Putuo District (Chinese: Pu Tuo Qu ), northwestern urban district of Shanghai with its center at Zhenru. Famous attractions include Yufo Temple, Zhenru Temple and Changfeng Park.
Women (1997 movie)

Women () is a 1997 Luxembourgian romantic drama movie directed by Luis Galvao Teles and starring Miou-Miou, Carmen Maura, Marthe Keller, Marisa Berenson, Guesch Patti, Joaquim de Almeida, Didier Flamand.
Messier 81

Messier 81 (also known as NGC 3031 or Bode's Galaxy) is a spiral galaxy. It is in the constellation Ursa Major. It is large. It is about 12 million light-years from Earth. It has an active galactic nucleus (which has a supermassive black hole). For these reasons Messier 81 has been well studied by professional astronomers. The galaxy is large and very bright. This makes it a popular object for amateur astronomers to look at.
Messier 81 was discovered by Johann Elert Bode in 1774. The galaxy is sometimes called "Bode's Galaxy". In 1779, Pierre Mechain and Charles Messier reidentified Bode's object. They listed it as Messier 81 in the Messier Catalogue.
M81 is dusty. Interstellar dust is found in the galaxy's spiral arms. It is connected with star formation areas. The hot blue stars in star formation areas heat the dust and the hot dust emits infrared energy from these areas.
Supernova
Only one supernova has been seen in Messier 81. The supernova is named SN 1993J. It was discovered on 28 March 1993 by F. Garcia in Spain. At the time, it was the second brightest supernova seen in the 20th century.
M81 Group
Messier 81 is the largest galaxy in the M81 Group. The M81 Group is a group of 34 galaxies in the constellation Ursa Major. This Group and the Local Group, containing the Milky Way, are close together in the Virgo Supercluster.
Amateur astronomy
Messier 81 is about 10deg northwest of Alpha Ursae Majoris. Messier 81 and Messier 82 can both be easily seen using binoculars and small telescopes.
Khan Tengri

Khan Tengri named after Ancient Turkic peoples Tengrism Paganism belief, Sky God Tengri, is a mountain in the Tian Shan range in Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. Khan Tengri is the highest mountain in Kazakhstan. The first people to reach the top were Mikhail Pogrebetsky and his team, in 1931.
Ballista

The ballista (plural ballistae) was one of the first artillery weapons used by the Ancient Greeks. The ballista was invented around 400 BC in the Greek town of Syracuse. It was one of the first catapults, and shot very large and heavy spears far distances.
The ballista resembled a large crossbow. They were made in different sizes. Smaller ones threw smaller missiles such as scaled-up arrows and darts.
The steps to operating the ballista are:
Pull back the bow-string with a winch, which creates tension.
Load the ballista with a light missile e.g. darts with iron points.
Release the bow-string, launching the missile.
Ballistae would be used if a weapon that fired light, narrow ammunition was needed.
Breast fetishism

As a paraphilia, breast fetishism (also called breast partialism) is an atypical sexual attraction that has an exclusive focus on female breasts. The term breast fetishism is also used in non-paraphilic sense. In this sense, it refers to the cultural attention for female breasts and the sexuality they represent.
The breasts have roles for both sexual pleasure and reproduction.
Males usually find female breasts attractive.
There are widespread fascinations with women's breasts, especially the size.
Manahawkin, New Jersey

Manahawkin is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Stafford Township, in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 2,303.
Michael Gunner

Michael Patrick Francis Gunner (born 6 January 1976) is an Australian former politician. He served as the 11th Chief Minister of the Northern Territory from 31 August 2016 until 13 May 2022. He served as a Labor member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from 2008 until 2022.
Gunner was elected leader of Labor in the Northern Territory and Leader of the Opposition, in April 2015. He led Labor to a landslide victory in the 2016 Northern Territory election. He was sworn in on 31 August, becoming the first Chief Minister to have been born in the Northern Territory.
Martin de Porres

Saint Martin de Porres (December 9, 1579 - November 3, 1639) is a Christian Saint of Dominican Order. He is the patron saint of social justice. He is also the patron saint of race relations, African-Americans, barbers and hairdressers. He was born in Lima, Peru where he is venerated in the large basilica of Santo Domingo. On his feast day, November 3rd, many churches have a ceremony.
Early life
Saint Martin was born to Juan de Porras, a Spanish hidalgo, and Ana Velasquez, a black woman . He was originally named Martin de Porres Velazquez.
Groß-Berlin

Gross-Berlin or Greater Berlin was created by an act of the Prussian parliament made on 27 April 1920. The act was called the Greater Berlin Act () for short. Its full name was the "Law Regarding the Reconstruction of the New Local Authority of Berlin" ().
The act said that on 1 October 1920 Greater Berlin should be taken away from the Province of Brandenburg and become a new district.
The new district was made up of:
The city of Berlin (Alt-Berlin);
7 towns that surrounded Berlin:
Charlottenburg,
Kopenick,
Lichtenberg,
Neukolln,
Schoneberg,
Spandau and
Wilmersdorf;
59 rural areas and 27 estate districts from the surrounding districts of Niederbarnim, Osthavelland and Teltow;
and the grounds of the Berliner Stadtschloss (the Royal Palace) which had formed an estate district in its own right.
The new Berlin was 13 times bigger than the old. Its area went from to and the population doubled from approximately 1.9 million to near 4 million, with almost 1.2 million of these new inhabitants coming from the 7 surrounding towns alone.
Gross-Berlin was divided into 20 boroughs (Verwaltungsbezirke):
from Alt-Berlin:
Mitte,
Tiergarten,
Wedding,
Prenzlauer Berg,
Kreuzberg and
Friedrichshain;
one borough for each of the 7 previously-independent towns:
Charlottenburg,
Kopenick,
Lichtenberg,
Neukolln,
Schoneberg,
Spandau and
Wilmersdorf;
7 new boroughs named after the largest village in the old areas:
Pankow,
Reinickendorf,
Steglitz,
Tempelhof,
Treptow,
Weissensee and
Zehlendorf
Apart from minor changes, the city boundary defined in the law is the same as today, except for some changes made during the time of the Berlin Wall. During the 1970s and 1980s three new boroughs were made in East Berlin when other boroughs were split up.
Basingstoke

Basingstoke is a large town in Hampshire, England. It is southwest of London, northeast of Southampton, southwest of Reading and northeast of Winchester. In 2008 it had an estimated population of 82,913. It is part of the borough of Basingstoke and Deane. Basingstoke is often nicknamed "Doughnut City" or "Roundabout City" due to the number of roundabouts.
Often mistaken for a "new town", Basingstoke is an old market town expanded in the 1960s as part of a plan of London County Council, Hampshire County Council and Basingstoke Borough Council. It was developed fast to accommodate part of the London 'overspill' as seen in the Greater London Plan, 1944.
Matt Hubbard

Matt Hubbard is an American television writer and screenwriter who has worked on many television shows. He graduated from Beverly High School, in Beverly Massachusetts in the class of 1996, where he excelled in the English Department. He later went on to attend Harvard University where he was an editor for the Harvard Lampoon. He has worked as a writer on the NBC comedy series 30 Rock. He was nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award award for Best Comedic Series at the February 2009 ceremony for his work on the third season of 30 Rock.
Armed Forces of Armenia

The Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia is the Army, Air Defense, and Border Guard. Some parts were formed out of the former Soviet forces in the Armenian SSR.
The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of Armenia, currently Robert Kocharyan. The Ministry of Defense is in charge of political leadership. It is currently headed by Mikael Harutyunyan. Military command is in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is Lieutenant-General Seyran Ohanyan. Armenia established a Ministry of Defense on 28 January 1992. The Border guards purpose is to patrol Armenia's borders with Georgia and Azerbaijan, while Russian troops continue to watch its borders with Iran and Turkey.
Georgia's 14th congressional district

Georgia's 14th congressional district was created after the 2010 Census, when Georgia gained a 14th seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. Republican Marjorie Taylor Greene has been the representative since 2021.
The district is in Northwest Georgia.
No Democrat has ever got more than 30% of the vote.
Recent results in statewide elections
List of representatives
The district was made from some of the old 9th and 11th districts after the 112th Congress, based on the 2010 census.
Stephen Sutton

Stephen Sutton (16 December 1994 - 14 May 2014) was a British blogger and charity activist. He is known for his blog Stephen's Story and his fundraising efforts for the Teenage Cancer Trust charity for the aid of teenagers with cancer. As of 14 May 2014, Sutton had raised PS3,439,865.12, more than 300 times the original goal.
He diagnosed with colon cancer at the age of 15. He died four years later from the disease, at the age of 19 .
Adam F

Adam F (born Adam Fenton on 8 February 1972) is a British DJ and music producer. He has collaborated with the likes of artists, including LL Cool J, M.O.P, and Redman. He makes drum and bass, electronica, and hip hop music. He is the co-founder of the record label Breakbeat Kaos and founded it with DJ Fresh.
Roberto Mondragón

Roberto A. Mondragon (born July 27, 1940) is an American politician, musician, and activist. He was the Green Party nominee for governor of New Mexico in 1994. He was lieutenant governor of New Mexico from 1971 to 1975 and from 1979 to 1983.
Altiplano

The Altiplano (Spanish for "high plain"), Collao (Quechua and Aymara: Qullaw, meaning "place of the Qulla") or Andean Plateau, is the largest high plateau on Earth outside Tibet. It is in South America. Most of the Altiplano is in Bolivia. Its northern parts are in Peru, and its southwestern parts are in Chile.
There are many cities on the Altiplano. These include El Alto, La Paz, Oruro, and Puno. The northeastern part of the Altiplano is more humid than the southwestern part. The southwestern part has several salares (salt flats) because of its aridity. At the Bolivia-Peru border lies Lake Titicaca. This lake is the largest lake in South America.
Many pre-Columbian cultures come from the Altiplano. These include the Chiripa, Tiawanaku and the Inca Empire. Spain conquered the region in the 16th century.
Today, major economic activities in the Altiplano include mining, llama and vicuna herding, and services (in its cities). Many tourists visit the region.
Xinjiang

Xinjiang (also transliterated as Sinkiang) is a northwestern region of the People's Republic of China. Like all of China, it is also claimed by the Republic of China. It is a large area with few people. It is over 1.6 million km2, which takes up about one sixth of the country's land. It is mainly inhabited by Uyghurs who are Turkic people.
In the 19th century, when the name of the Silk Road was first used by a German geographer, it just included the land route from Xinjiang to Central Asia. Xinjiang sits at the heart of the Silk Road in China. At that time, the country was often called "Chinese Turkestan" for its many Turkic peoples.
Xinjiang borders the Tibet Autonomous Region and Jammu and Kashmir's Leh District to the south and Qinghai and Gansu provinces to the southeast, Mongolia to the east, Russia to the north and Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan to the west, Pakistan and Kashmir region to the southwest.
Urumqi is the capital of Xinjiang and the largest city in Western China. It also holds the world record for being the most remote city from any sea in the world; it is 2,500 km from any coastline.
The east-west chain of the Tian Shan Mountains separate Dzungaria in the north from the Tarim Basin in the south. Dzungaria is dry steppe. The Tarim Basin is desert surrounded by oases. In the east is the Turpan Depression. The Taklamakan Desert is also in Xinjiang. Urumqi, the capital, Turpan, Kashgar, Karamay, Yining and Shihezi are the major cities.
Zombies on Broadway

Zombies on Broadway (or Loonies on Broadway in the UK) is a 1945 American horror comedy movie directed by Gordon Douglas and starring Wally Brown, Alan Carney, Bela Lugosi, Anne Jeffreys, Sheldon Leonard, Ian Wolfe, Jason Robards Sr., Darby Jones, Russell Hopton. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.
Badevel

Badevel is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Miguel Donoso Pareja

Miguel Donoso Pareja (July 13, 1931 - March 16, 2015) was an Ecuadorian writer. In 2006, he won the Premio Eugenio Espejo Award.
In 1985 Donoso Pareja was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship grant of $26,000 to write fiction; he then traveled several months in Spain and other European countries and spent all the money, and so returned to Ecuador, locked himself up in a borrowed apartment, and wrote 22 stories of love.
Pareja died in Guayaquil, Ecuador from Parkinson's disease, aged 83.
Bob Bell

Robert Lewis Bell (January 18, 1922 - December 8, 1997), better known as Bob Bell, was an American actor. He was famous for his role as Bozo the Clown on The Bozo Show. He was born in Flint, Michigan, but raised in Deerfield, Illinois.
Bell died at his home in Lake San Marcos, California on December 8, 1997 from congestive heart failure, aged 75.
Mount Vernon

Mount Vernon was the plantation home of George Washington, the first President of the United States. It is located near Alexandria, Virginia. The house was designed by Washington and built of wood in 1757. It is in the neoclassical Georgian architectural style. Mount Vernon is on the banks of the Potomac River. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is owned and maintained in trust by The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. It is open every day of the year. Mount Vernon is on the tentative list of World Heritage Sites in the United States.
The property was long called Little Hunting Creek Plantation but Lawrence Washington, George's older half-brother, renamed it for Edward Vernon, his commander in the Royal Navy. Laurence died in 1753 and George eventually inherited the estate.
Rinus Michels

Rinus Michels (9 February 1928 - 3 March 2005) was a Dutch football player and football manager. He played for Ajax and Netherlands national team.
Ansonia, Connecticut

Ansonia is a city in Connecticut in the United States. According to the 2020 United States Census, 18,918 people lived there.
Bookworm (insect)

Bookworm is a term for any kind of insect which supposedly chews through books.
This behaviour is uncommon. Both the larvae of the deathwatch beatle (Xestobium rufovillosum) and the common furniture beetle (Anobium punctatum) will go through wood and if paper is nearby they will pass into that.
A major book-feeding insect is the booklouse (or book louse). It is a tiny (under 1 mm), soft-bodied wingless psocoptera (usually Trogium pulsatorium). The insect actually eats molds and other plants found in books that were not kept clean and safe, but they will also attack bindings and other parts. It is also not a true louse.
Many other insects, like the silverfish (Lepisma saccharina) or cockroach (various Blattodea), will eat these molds, including rotten paper or the starch-based binding pastes - warmth and moisture or high humidity are needed, so damage is more common in the tropics. Modern glues and paper are less attractive to insects.
By the twentieth century, modern bookbinding materials prevented much of the damage done to books by book-boring insects.
Iglesia ni Cristo

The (IPA: ; Filipino for Church of Christ), or INC, is a church which was founded in the Philippines by Felix Manalo in 1914. The INC states the church was founded by Jesus Christ but that Felix Manalo restored it. The church does not believe in the religious teaching that Jesus is God and part of the Trinity.
History
Felix Manalo was born a member of the Roman Catholic Church, but joined a number of Protestant churches until he believed that God gave him a mission to teach the gospel and to bring back the first church made by Jesus. The INC began with a handful of followers on July 27, 1914 in Punta, Santa Ana, Manila, with Manalo as highest minister. It has now spread to many different countries.
Beliefs and teachings
Some of the teachings INC believes in are:
God is the one who made the Heavens and the Earth, and he is the only god.
There is no Holy Trinity; God, Jesus and the Holy Spirit are not one.
Jesus is the Son of God.
The Holy Spirit is the power of God given to Jesus to teach and for us to help us with our problems.
Manalo was God's last messenger.
God chose INC members to serve him just as he did the early church and Israel in the past.
INC is the same church as the Christian church in the first century.
INC is God's true church, and the only way to be saved.
INC believes in baptism by dipping the whole body under water.
Members must follow the Administration and the Administration must follow the words of Christ.
Members should live a life of good.
Members must not eat food made with blood or marry a non-member.
It is everyone's job to worship God by going to worship services two times a week.
Members should treat each other like brother and sister.
The church should act as one; this includes voting.
The dead will come back to life and either be blessed or punished.
Jesus will come again very soon because the signs that He is coming back (such as World War 1 and World War 2, and widespread news of poverty, famine, earthquake and other disasters) have happened.
A holy city is being made by Jesus for INC members and all other chosen people in the past to live in when he comes back.
Will Gluck

Will Gluck is an American director known for directing Friends with Benefits and Peter Rabbit movies.
Spoof

Spoof, can mean several things:
Forgery of goods or documents
Parody by imitation
Satire, a literary technique of writing or art which mainly makes fun of its subject
Semen, in British slang
Kenta Kawai

Kenta Kawai (born 7 June 1981) is a former Japanese football player.
Dilwale

Dilwale is a 1994 Bollywood movie directed by Harry Baweja and produced by Paramjeet Baweja. The movie had Ajay Devgn, Sunil Shetty and Raveena Tandon playing in title role. Dilwale was hit in the boxoffice. The movie's music composed by Nadeem-Shravan and lyrics by Sameer became very popular that year.
Viganello

Viganello is a quarter of the city of Lugano, Switzerland. Until 2004, it was a municipality on its own. Then it was created to Lugano.
1236

1236 (MCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January 14 - Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence.
May 6 - Roger of Wendover, Benedictine monk and chronicler of St Albans Abbey dies. His chronicle is continued by Matthew Paris.
September 22 - Lithuanians and Semigallians beat Livonian Brothers of the Sword in Battle of Siauliai
Volga Bulgaria is conquered by Mongol khan Batu.
Cordoba was retaken for Christianity as part of the Reconquista in 1236, and became a centre of activity against the remaining Islamic population.
Accession of Razia al-Din to the Sultanate of Delhi.
Deaths
Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti,a Sufi Saint.
Blum, Texas

Blum is a town in Hill County, Texas, United States. About 400 people lived in Blum as of the year 2000. Blum has an area of 1 square miles.
Bolt (2008 movie)

Bolt is a 2009 American computer-animated action-adventure comedy-drama movie, produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 48th movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series. The movie is about a small white pet dog who lives on the set of a television series and thinks that he has super powers. When he believes that his human owner, Penny has been kidnapped, he goes on a cross-country journey to "rescue" her. Bolt is aided by a cynical cat named "Mittens" (who was abandoned by her human owner) and "Rhino" a hampster. Bolt finds Penny and actually rescues her from a accidental TV Studio fire; Penny; Bolt {who have quit show business] , Mittens and Rhino live with Penny's Mother in the country. As for the TV show it continues with a different "Penny" {explained as Plastic Surgery following a life threatening accident) being rescuded by a new "Bolt" from the Evil Dr Calico; as Penny and Bolt escape outside a hospital window they are both abducted by flying saucers Aliens! This cliffhanger ending is so ridiculious that even Bolt fanatic "Rhino" refuses to beleive it!
Oberwiesenthal

Oberwiesenthal (; officially Kurort Oberwiesenthal) is a town and a ski resort in the district of Erzgebirgskreis in Saxony in Germany. It is located in the Ore Mountains, on the border with the Czech Republic, 19 km south of Annaberg-Buchholz, and 23 km northeast of Karlovy Vary. At , it is the highest town in Germany.
Chief Justice of Canada

The Chief Justice of Canada () is the presiding judge of the nine-member Supreme Court of Canada, the highest judicial body in Canada.
Wisches

Wisches is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
A Sky Full of Stars

"A Sky Full of Stars" is an EDM song written by the British band Coldplay featuring Swedish DJ Avicii in 2014.
The song is the band's first EDM track. The song is centered around the piano, with electronic music coming in between verses.It also apperd in Sing 2 sung by Johnny the gorilla.
Reception
Most critics enjoyed the song and gave it positive reviews. The song reached #1 on the charts in the United States, Portugal, Luxembourg, Italy, Israel and Belgium. One day after it's release on ITunes, it had sold 121,690 copies worldwide. The song was also Coldplay's third top ten hit on the Billboard Hot 100 It was played in the 2020 Democratic Convention in honor of Joe Biden's son,Beau Biden.
Tolima Department

Tolima is a department in Colombia. Its capital is Ibague.
Tolima is home to the Las Hermosas and Nevado del Huila National Natural Parks. The Magdalena River travels from south to north in the department.
Ten presidents were born in the department: Domingo Caycedo, Jose Maria Melo, Manuel Murillo Toro, Jose Maria Rojas Garrido, Miguel Abadia Mendez, Alfonso Lopez Michelsen, Dario Echandia, Carlos Lozano y Lozano, Gabriel Paris, and Deogracias Fonseca.
Municipalities
The Department of Tolima groups its municipalities into six provinces: Norte, Oriente, Sur, Ibague, Suroriente, and Nevados.
Deflation

Deflation means that generally the prices of products are going down. It is the opposite of inflation. It is said, that deflation happens when there is less money than there are goods. It is also said that deflation is a sign of a weak state of that country's economy, because deflation usually happens during an economic collapse. Deflation is thought to be even worse than inflation.
Deflation starts when people are waiting for prices to go down even more. They will then spend less money. Because of that, companies can not afford to keep up the amount of goods that are made, and have to lower that amount, as well as fire workers to make even a small profit.
Even if an economy is growing, there can be some amount of deflation - if the amount of money going around grows slower than the making of goods. There has not been much deflation in the world since the 1930s, except in Japan.
Deflation can be helped by the country's own government by lowering the companies' tax levels, so they can lower their prices while getting the same profit. This way normal people are more encouraged to buy the cheap goods they were waiting for, and slowly the companies can make more profit. Governments do not like deflation, because it means that they can collect less tax.
List of cities in Alberta

This is an alphabetical list of cities in the Province of Alberta in Canada.
Bowie County, Texas

Bowie County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 92,893 people lived there. The county seat is Boston. The county is named for James Bowie, a famous knife fighter who died at the Battle of the Alamo.
Anatoly Mikhailovich Stepin

Anatoly Mikhailovich Stepin (Anatolii Mikhailovich Stepin, 20 July 1940 - 7 November 2020) was a Soviet-Russian mathematician. His works focused in dynamical systems and ergodic theory. He was born in Moscow. In 1993 he was awarded the academic title of Professor in Mathematics.
On 7 November 2020, Stepin died at the age of 80.
United States Department of Education

The United States Department of Education (also referred to as ED, for Education Department) is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government. Created by the Department of Education Organization Act (Public Law 96-88), it was signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on October 17, 1979 and began operating on May 4, 1980.
Raúl Ramírez (actor)

Raul Ramirez (28 January 1927 - 22 June 2014) was a Mexican movie actor, director, and screenwriter. He was known for his roles in Juan el enterrador (1981), De pulquero a millonario (1982) and La salvaje ardiente (1984). He was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Ramirez died in Mexico City, Mexico from a long-illness, aged 87. He is survived by his wife, actress Marcela Daviland and his son, Raul.
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom is a 2013 British biographical movie based on the life of Nelson Mandela. It is based on Mandela's autobiography Long Walk to Freedom (1994). It stars Idris Elba and Naomie Harris. It was released on November 29, 2013 to mixed reviews. Nearly a week later, Mandela died on December 5.
Soundtrack
U2 made a song for the soundtrack called "Ordinary Love". The song won the prize for Best Original Song - Motion Picture at the Golden Globes.
Land

Land can mean some territory, forming part of a country. Dry land is the parts of Earth's surface not covered by the ocean or other permanent body of water. About 29% of the surface of Earth is dry land, while the rest is covered with liquid water. Land can have different types of soil; it may be covered with stones, sand, dirt, etc. Sometimes it is not clear where land ends and a body of water begins.
Amount and types of land
The total area of Earth is about 510 million km2. About 149 million km2, which is 29% of the surface, is land. Large masses of ice called glaciers cover 15 million km2, or 10% of the land area. The biggest continuous landmasses are called continents, and smaller landmasses, surrounded by water, are called islands.
19% of land on Earth (28 million km2), is barren: without plants. This includes deserts, beaches, and rocky areas with no soil. 26% of land (39 million km2) is forests. 8% of land (12 million km2) is shrubland or grassland. 1% of land (1.5 million km2) is cities, towns, and land used for infrastructure. The remaining 34% of land (51 million km2) is used for farming: 7% (11 million km2) for crops (plants) 27% (40 million km2) for livestock (animals).
Formation of land
Even today, some land is being formed and some land is sinking into the ocean. The surface of the earth, which includes both the land and the ocean floor, is made of large pieces of rock called tectonic plates. Continental plates are thicker and lighter, so they stay at the top and make up the land surface. Oceanic plates are thinner and heavier, so they sink down and make up the ocean surface.
Tectonic plates move over time, which is called continental drift. When two continental plates push into each other, they fold upwards to make mountains. When they move apart, they form a rift valley: the East African rift valley is forming now. Islands can be formed by volcanoes: the Hawaiian islands are a good example. Over time, land can wear away through erosion and sink below sea level. This can be seen with the Hawaiian islands, because the newer islands are taller than the older islands.
Manuel Costas (footballer, born 1942)

Manuel Costas Sanroman (8 May 1942 - 15 December 2020) was a Spanish professional footballer. He played as a defender. Costas was born in Panxon, Spain. He played for Sevilla FC from 1963 to 1974. He also played for Recreativo de Huelva from 1964 to 1965.
Costas died on 15 December 2020, aged 78.
List of speakers of the National Assembly of Republika Srpska

This article lists the speakers of the National Assembly of the Republika Srpska.
Elizabeth Carling

Elizabeth Carling (born 20 October 1967 in Middlesbrough, North Riding of Yorkshire) is an English actor, actress, and singer, best known for presenting numerous shows such as Boon, Goodnight Sweetheart, Barbara, and Casulty.
American Embassy School

The American Embassy School is an international school in New Delhi, India. The campus is twelve acres large, and it contains 34 faculty families on campus. The school, despite its large area, is continuously being expanded to include additional students. The school accepts students from nursery to twelfth grade.
AES is unique, since it is an international school. All lessons, except for special language classes, are taught in English. There are about 1,500 students in the school, and although 35% of them are Americans, the rest of the students come from 53 different nationalities. The school's motto is "Enter to learn... Leave to serve."
Curriculum
The curriculum at AES follows the college preparatory program that are used in American private schools. At high school, students have the opportunity to take the program of either International Baccalaureate (IB) or Advanced Placement (AP) as well as a regular high school program.
Lee Konitz

Lee Konitz (October 13, 1927 - April 15, 2020) was an American jazz composer and alto saxophonist. He was thought to be one of the main people involved in the cool jazz movement. Konitz has also performed successfully in bebop and experimental jazz.
Konitz was born in Chicago.
Konitz died in New York City on April 15, 2020 of COVID-19.
1174

1174 was a common year.
Events
Vietnam is given the name of Annam by China.
Henry II of England confesses Rosamund Clifford as his mistress.
Revolt of 1173-1174 against Henry II of England ends when the rebels are beaten.
William I of Scotland is captured by Ranulf de Glanvill at the Battle of Alnwick (1174).
Richard of Dover becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.
William de Braose, Third Lord of Bramber becomes sheriff of Hereford.
Baldwin IV becomes King of Jerusalem.
Fire destroys most of Padua, Italy.
City of Pombal, is started by Gualdim Pais in Portugal.
Saladin takes Damascus.
The last Toltec king commits suicide.
Problem solving

Problem solving is a mental activity related to intelligence and thinking. It consists of finding solutions to problems. A problem is a situation that needs to be changed. It suggests that the solution is not totally obvious, for then it would not be a problem. A great deal of human life is spent solving problems. Social life is based on the notion that together we might solve problems which we could not as individuals.
The word "problem" comes from a Greek word meaning an "obstacle" (something that is in your way). If someone has a problem, they have to find a way of solving the problem. The way to solve it is called a solution. Some problem-solving techniques have been developed and used in artificial intelligence, computer science, engineering, and mathematics. Some are related to mental problem-solving techniques studied in gestalt psychology, cognitive psychology. and chess.
Problems can be classified as ill-defined or well-defined. Ill-defined problems are those that do not have clear goals, solution paths, or expected solution. An example is how to face threats which might perhaps be made in the future. Well-defined problems have specific goals, clearly defined solution paths, and clear expected solutions. These problems also allow for more initial planning than ill-defined problems.
Being able to solve problems involves the ability to understand what the goal of the problem is and what rules could be applied to solving the problem. Sometimes the problem requires abstract thinking and coming up with a creative solution.
Nature photography

Nature photography is photography of natural things such as landscapes, wildlife, and plants. It can include close-ups of natural scenes and textures. Nature photography tends to put a stronger emphasis on making the photo look good than other forms of photography like photojournalism and documentary photography. Nature photographs are published in scientific, travel and cultural magazines.
Syndrome of subjective doubles

Some people believe that they have a double or Doppelganger, which looks the same, but which has different character traits. They also think that this Doppelganger is leading a life of his or her own. This condition has been classified as a delusion, and is also called the syndrome of doubles of the self, delusion of subjective doubles, or simply subjective doubles. Sometimes, the patient is under the impression that there is more than one double. A double may be projected onto any person, from a stranger to a family member.
This syndrome is often diagnosed together with another mental disorder, such as schizophrenia or other disorders involving psychotic hallucinations. There is no widely accepted method of treatment, as most patients require individualized therapy. The prevalence of this disease is relatively low, as few cases have been reported since the disease was defined in 1978 by George Nikolaos Christodoulou (b.1935), a Greek-American Psychiatrist. However, subjective doubles is not clearly defined in literature, and therefore may be under-reported.
The Model and the Marriage Broker

The Model and the Marriage Broker is a 1951 American romantic comedy movie directed by George Cukor and starring Jeanne Crain, Scott Brady, Thelma Ritter, Zero Mostel, Michael O'Shea, Helen Ford, Frank Fontaine. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1952.
Lisel Mueller

Lisel Mueller (born Elisabeth Neumann, February 8, 1924 - February 21, 2020) was a German-born American poet, translator and academic teacher. She worked as a literary critic and taught at the University of Chicago, Elmhurst College and Goddard College. She began writing poetry in the 1950s and published her first collection in 1965, after years of self-study.
She received awards including the National Book Award in 1981 and the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1997, as the only German-born poet awarded that prize.
Mueller died on February 21, 2020 of pneumonia-related problems at a retirement center in Chicago at the age of 96.
Defiance, Ohio

Defiance is a city in Ohio in the United States. It is the county seat of Defiance County.
The Day After Tomorrow

The Day After Tomorrow is a 2004 American/Canadian science fiction disaster movie. It was produced and directed by Roland Emmerich. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was released in Mexico City on May 17, 2004, and worldwide from May 26 to May 28.
The movie follows a series of severe weather events that take place around the world as a result of global warming. Among these events:
Japan is hit by a large hail storm.
Los Angeles is hit by tornadoes.
New Delhi is hit by a blizzard.
New York is hit by a very strong thunderstorm that causes a large storm surge. Later, the storm turns into a blizzard. The storm has a hurricane-like eye with cold air that instantly freezes anything it comes in contact with.
These events cause global cooling, which eventually starts a new ice age.
The movie made $186,740,799 in North America and Canada, and $542,771,772 worldwide. It was inspired by the book The Coming Global Superstorm, co-authored by Art Bell and Whitley Strieber.
Cast
Dennis Quaid as Professor Jack Hall
Jake Gyllenhaal as Sam Hall
Ian Holm as Professor Terry Rapson
Emmy Rossum as Laura Chapman
Sela Ward as Dr. Lucy Hall
Dash Mihok as Jason Evans
Kenneth Welsh as Vice President/President Raymond Becker
Jay O. Sanders as Frank Harris
Austin Nichols as J.D.
Nimatullah Kassab Al-Hardini

Nimatullah Kassab Al-Hardini (1808-1858) is a Catholic saint. He was a Lebanese Maronite father who living in Kfifane, Lebanon. He died in Kfifane on December 14, 1858.
Nimatullah was canonized on May 16, 2004 by Pope John Paul II. He is remembered on December 14, the date of his death.
Orchestration

Orchestration in music can have two meanings:
It can mean: the study of how to write music for an orchestra.
It can also mean the list of instruments that are used in a particular piece of music.
People who want to compose music for orchestras need to study orchestration. They can do this by reading books about orchestration, but also they can do this by studying orchestral scores and listening to orchestras in concerts or on CDs. Students at music colleges will also practise orchestration by taking piano music and arranging it for orchestra.
The word instrumentation means almost the same thing as "orchestration". "Instrumentation" means: understanding each instrument and knowing about all the sounds they can make. It can be about any music with instruments, whereas "orchestration" refers to the orchestra from its beginnings in the 17th century to the present.
Orchestration is all about understanding how to write well for different instruments, how to combine them so that they sound well together and balance well.
Sometimes composers leave the orchestration of their works to other people. Leonard Bernstein is famous as the composer of West Side Story, but although he composed all the notes he left it to other people to orchestrate. The composer Maurice Ravel took a piano piece called Pictures at an Exhibition by Modest Mussorgsky (who had died forty years earlier). He arranged it for orchestra. Most people know this version rather than Mussorgsky's piano version.
Hector Berlioz and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov are two famous composers who were particularly brilliant at writing for orchestra. They both wrote books on orchestration which are still very useful today.
Văn Cao

Van Cao (born Nguyen Van Cao; 15 November 1923 - 10 July 1995) was a famous Vietnamese composer. He wrote the Vietnamese national anthem, "". He, along with Pham Duy and Trinh Cong Son, is widely considered one of the three most important people in modern (non-classical) Vietnamese music.
49

49 is a year in the 1st century. It was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Longus and Veranius.
Events
Emperor Claudius marries his niece Agrippina the Younger
Seneca the Younger becomes Nero's tutor
Nero becomes engaged to Claudia Octavia
Roman legion is stationed at the borders of the Silures of South Wales to get ready to invade
Births
Deaths
Ma Yuan, Chinese general of the Han Dynasty (b. 14 BC)
40s
Johnny "Guitar" Watson

Johnny "Guitar" Watson (February 3, 1935 - May 17, 1996) was an American singer. He sang blues, soul and funk music. He had hit songs in the 1970s with "Ain't That a Bitch" and "Superman Lover". He had many other hits.
Watson was born in Houston, Texas. He died from a heart attack in Japan.
Recitative

Recitative (Italian: "recitativo") is music which is telling a story quite quickly, as if it were being spoken, "talky". The word means: "to recite" i.e. to tell a story.
Recitative is used in opera, oratorio and cantatas. When opera was invented around 1600 the composers needed to tell the story in music. In recitative the story is sung quickly, with maybe just a harpsichord playing a few chords. After a while, the situation in the story has changed, and the singer can sing an aria which is more interesting musically.
When recitative is just accompanied by a keyboard instrument it is called "recitativo secco" (dry recitative). Sometimes the orchestra joins this. This is called "recitativo accompagnato" (accompanied recitative). There are no bar lines in recitative because there is no regular beat.
Recitative is simple musically, it can sometimes describe the words being sung in quite interesting or amusing ways. Sometimes this might be improvised by the harpsichordist.
In the 19th century the difference between aria and recitative gradually disappeared. Wagner wrote operas where everything had musical interest and the various sections flowed into one another.
Weer

Weer is a municipality of the district of Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Dhakeshwari Temple

Dhakeshwari National Temple ( Dhakeshshori Jatio Mondir) is a famous Hindu temple in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is state-owned. It is Bangladesh's "National Temple". The name "Dhakeshwari" (ddhaakeshbrii Dhakeshshori) means "Goddess of Dhaka".
Pulverizer

A pulverizer is a machine used to grind different types of material. This is done so that the material will be able to be used or can be easily transported. An example of a material that can be grinded is coal.
Types
There are different speeds used by pulverizers.
Kris Kobach

Kris William Kobach (born March 26, 1966) is an American politician who is the 45th and current Attorney General of Kansas since 2023. He was the 31st Secretary of State of Kansas from 2011 to 2019. He served as Chairman of the Kansas Republican Party from 2007 to 2009.
Kobach was the Republican candidate for Governor of Kansas after beating incumbent Governor Jeff Colyer in the primaries by 345 votes. He lost to Democrat Laura Kelly in the general election.
On July 8, 2019, Kobach launched his 2020 campaign for the United States Senate seat of retiring Senator Pat Roberts. He lost the Republican nomination to U.S. Representative Roger Marshall in August 2020.
Kobach was born in Madison, Wisconsin. He studied at Harvard University, University of Oxford, and at Howard University School of Law. He served on the Overland Park City Council. Kobach was a professor of constitutional law at the University of Missouri-Kansas City.
E (musical note)

E or Mi is the first note of the E major scale.
Designation by octave
F flat
F is a enharmonic equivalent of E, but is not usually seen as the same note. It is used in places where there is an E that would come before an E. The F would then replace the E which would help avoid confusion in the notation.
Doug Green (Ohio politician)

Doug Green (1954/1955 - September 1, 2021) was an American Republican politician. He was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives for the 66th district from 2013 until 2020. Green was born in Brown County, Ohio.
Green died at the age of 66 from COVID-19 on September 1, 2021 in Mt. Orab, Ohio.
Yucatán Peninsula

The Yucatan Peninsula is a peninsula in North America. It separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico. The peninsula is east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a northwestern geographic divider, separating Central America from the rest of North America.
Before the conquistadores came, the peninsula was the home of the Mayan civilization.
The peninsula includes the Mexican states of Yucatan, Campeche, and Quintana Roo; the northern part of Belize; and Guatemala's northern department of El Peten. Mexican states on the isthmus to the south and west of the peninsula include Chiapas and Tabasco.
The Chicxulub crater is on the north coast. It is believed to be made by the impact that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Bibb County, Alabama

Bibb County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of William Wyatt Bibb, the first Governor of Alabama. As of 2020 the population was 22,293. The county seat is Centreville. It is a "prohibition" or dry county which means alcoholic drinks cannot be sold.
History
Cahawba County was formed on February 7, 1818. It was named for the Cahawba River, (now more commonly "Cahaba River"). Cahawba is a Choctaw word for "water above." In 1820, it was renamed Bibb County.
Geography
According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of . (or 99.50%) is land and (or 0.50%) is water.
Major highways
U.S. Highway 82
State Route 5
State Route 25
State Route 58
State Route 219
Rail
Norfolk Southern Railway
Adjacent counties
Jefferson County, Alabama - north
Shelby County, Alabama - northeast
Chilton County, Alabama - southeast
Perry County, Alabama - southwest
Hale County, Alabama - southwest
Tuscaloosa County, Alabama - northwest
National protected areas
Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge
Talladega National Forest (part)
Settlements
Cities
Brent
Centreville
Towns
Vance (part - Part lies in Tuscaloosa County)
West Blocton
Woodstock (Part lies in Tuscaloosa County)
Unincorporated communities
Brierfield
Greenpond
Lawley
Randolph
Places of interest
Bibb County is home to the Talladega National Forest. A section of the Cahaba River which draws visitors to view the unique Cahaba Lily, or Hymenocallis coronaria.
Charlemont, Massachusetts

Charlemont is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Pauline Hanson

Pauline Lee Hanson (nee Seccombe, formerly Zagorski; born 27 May 1954) is an Australian politician. She is the founder and leader of One Nation, a right-wing political party. She has been a Senator for Queensland since 2016.
Straubing

Straubing (Bavarian: Strauwing) is a city in Lower Bavaria, Germany.