kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Hispaniolan giant tree frog

The Hispaniolan giant tree frog or Hispaniola tree frog (Osteopilus vastus) is a frog. It lives in Hispaniola. Hispaniola is an island, and the countries Haiti and the Dominican Republic are on it. Scientists have seen it as high as 1700 meters above sea level.
Taxonomy
Some Giant Tree frogs from southern Hispaniola may be a part of a different species.
Conservation
Deforestation and degradation or steams is the main cause of Habitat loss for Giant Tree Frogs.
List of rivers of Tamil Nadu

This page lists the main rivers of Tamil Nadu. Out of the below rivers, Kaveri River Palar River, Vaigai River, Noyyal River, Cheyyar River, Moyar River, Bhavani River, Thamirabarani River are the major rivers in Tamil Nadu.
Sergio Osmeña

Sergio Osmena Sr. (; September 9, 1878 - October 19, 1961) was a Filipino politician who served as the fourth President of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He was Vice President under Manuel L. Quezon.
Brighton, Vermont

Brighton is a town in Essex County, Vermont, United States.
Gulf of Alaska

The Gulf of Alaska is an arm of the Pacific Ocean. The borders are the southern coast of Alaska, stretching from the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island in the west to the Alexander Archipelago in the east, where Glacier Bay and the Inside Passage are found.
The entire shoreline of the Gulf is a combination of forest, mountain, and a number of tidewater glaciers. Alaska's largest glaciers, the Malaspina Glacier and Bering Glacier go out onto the coastal plain along the Gulf of Alaska. Cook Inlet and Prince William Sound are the two largest connected bodies of water. There is also Yakutat Bay and Cross Sound. Lituya Bay is the place of the largest recorded tsunami in history.
Loading gauge

A Loading gauge defines the maximum height and width for railway vehicles and their loads to ensure safe passage through bridges, tunnels and other structures. Classification systems vary between different countries and gauges may vary across a network, even if the track gauge remains constant.
Mondon

Mondon is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Mamara language

Mamara is a language of Mali
Languages of Mali
Niger-Congo languages
Liberty X

Liberty X are a British vocal pop-R&B group. The band was formed in London in 2001 from contestants in the first series of Popstars. The band split in 2007. They reformed in 2012.
The quintet's members are: Michelle Heaton (born 1980), Tony Lundon (born 1979), Kevin Simm (born 1980), Jessica Taylor (born 1980) and Kelli Young (born 1981).
Pexiora

Pexiora is a commune of 1,226 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Lars Hindmar

Lars Erik Hindmar (born Karlsson; 11 December 1921 - 21 December 2018) was a Swedish racewalker. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in the 10 km and at the 1956 Summer Olympics in the 20 km event, but was disqualified in both cases. He was born in Boras, Sweden.
Compact star

In astronomy, the term compact star or compact object is used to refer collectively to white dwarfs, neutron stars, other exotic dense stars, and black holes.
Most compact stars are at the end of their stellar evolution. They are called stellar remnants: the form of the remnant depends mainly on the mass of the star when it formed. These objects are small for their mass. Astronomic objects with an unknown nature are often called compact star, when evidence suggests that they are very massive and that they have a small radius. A compact star which is not a black hole is sometimes called a degenerate star.
The Specialist

The Specialist is a 1994 American action thriller movie. Sylvester Stallone plays Ray. Sharon Stone plays May Munro. This movie is about a former CIA agent getting mixed up in violence, drugs and deception. It is set in Colombia and Miami.
Many critics did not like the movie. Its box office intake, however, was positive. The movie was released on October 7, 1994.
Avon, Indiana

Avon is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,446.
John Horsley (actor)

John L. Horsley (21 July 1920 - 12 January 2014) was an English actor. He was known for his role on Hell Drivers (1957) and for his role as Doc Morrissey in the BBC sitcom The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin.
Horsley died on 12 January 2014 from natural causes.
Overlord

In the feudal system an overlord sometimes ruled over mesne lords
Overlord may also refer to:
History and geography
Overlord (feudalism)
Operation Overlord, codename for the invasion of Normandy by Allied forces during World War II
Overlord system, popular name for structure of British government 1951-1953
Mount Overlord, an extinct volcano in Antarctica
Internet and software
Overlord meme, an Internet meme relating to mock submission
Overlord, an open-source middleware project managed by Red Hat, for JBoss Fuse Service Works-based governance (management, monitoring and administration) of computer systems
Music
Overlord (band), a Brooklyn-based indie pop band led by George Pasles
Saint-Germain-du-Pert

Saint-Germain-du-Pert is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Medical cannabis

Medical marijuana, aka medical cannabis, is cannabis and cannabinoids that are given by doctors to their patients. The use of marijuana as a medicine has not been tested much because it can be difficult to get enough of it to test and because of other governmental regulations.
Medical cannabis can help with nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy. It can improve appetite in people with HIV/AIDS. It can reduce chronic pain and muscle spasms.
Short-term use makes it more likely that there will be side effects. Common side effects include feeling tired, dizziness and hallucinations. Long-term effects of marijuana are not clear. Concerns include memory problems, risk of addiction and children taking it by accident.
The Cannabis plant has been used as medicine for thousands of years in many cultures. Its current use is controversial.
Medical marijuana can be given in different ways. They include vaporizing, smoking dried buds, eating foods that have cannabis in them, taking capsules or using lozenges.
Recreational use of marijuana is illegal in most parts of the world. The medical use of cannabis is legal in some countries, including the Czech Republic, Canada, Austria, the Netherlands, Italy and Germany. Australia is working to pass a law that will allow the use of marijuana for medical and scientific purposes. In the United States, federal law says all use of marijuana is illegal. But more than 30 states and the District of Columbia no longer arrest people for having medical marijuana, as long as they follow a state's medical marijuana rules.
Saint-Germain-d'Ectot

Saint-Germain-d'Ectot is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Aurseulles.
Épineuil

Epineuil is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Angelo Codevilla

Angelo M. Codevilla (May 25, 1943 - September 21, 2021) was an Italian-American academic. He was a professor at the Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University. He was professional staff member of the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate. He also wrote for Commentary, Foreign Affairs, National Review, and The New Republic.
Codevila died in September 2021 at the age of 78.
Nicole Courcel

Nicole Courcel (21 October 1931 - 25 June 2016) was a French actress. She was popular through the 1950s and 1960s. She was born in Saint-Cloud, western suburbs of Paris.
She appeared in 43 movies between 1947 and 1979. After working as an extra in a few movies, she won a major role in Rendez-vous de juillet (1949), with Brigitte Auber. In 1970, she turned to television appearing in different television movies and miniseries, in which she continued to work until 2004.
Courcel is best known for her role in Serge Bourguignon's Sundays and Cybele (1962). She had notable parts in: La Marie du port (1950, opposite Jean Gabin), Sacha Guitry's Royal Affairs in Versailles (1954), and La Sorciere (1956, opposite Marina Vlady).
Courcel died on 25 June 2016 in Paris, aged 84.
Digital camera

A digital camera is a camera that stores pictures in electronic memory instead of film. Because of this, a digital camera can hold many more pictures than a traditional film camera. A digital camera can sometimes hold hundreds or thousands of pictures. Many use a memory card to store them. Most digital cameras can use a USB cable that connects into a computer to send pictures that are in the camera to the computer.
Digital photography is a kind of photography where a digital camera is used to take photos. Digital cameras use an image sensor instead of photographic film. Very often, they also use a memory card to store the photos in a digital format. Most photography is digital, though some photographers still use the old film cameras.
The majority of cameras are part of a mobile phone, called a "camera phone". They can send their pictures to other phones and other devices. Most camera phones do not make as good pictures as larger separate cameras do, especially where light is not bright.
Most digital cameras can serve as Video cameras. Some have a direct link to another computer where the data may be stored.
Data storage
When you take a picture or a video, it is saved on a memory device. The memory device can be internal - flash memory inside the camera, or external - memory cards, microdrives and so on. The most used method for saving pictures and videos from a camera is a SD card.
The picture can be saved in a compressed file (JPEG, TIFF) or in an uncompressed, proprietary RAW file. The compressed picture is lower quality but the RAW picture has to be processed with a special computer program.
A video is usually saved as an AVI, MPEG or MOV file format (it depends on the producer of the camera).
Most modern cameras also put Exif information in the picture file. This metadata information usually includes the date of taking the picture, the camera type, and its settings. Some cameras include GPS coordinates.
Antimony pentoxide

Antimony pentoxide, also known as antimony pentaoxide and antimony(V) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O5. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state.
Properties
It is a yellow solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It reacts with hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid to make antimony pentachloride and antimony pentafluoride. It breaks down to antimony tetroxide when heated to a high temperature.
Preparation
It is made by reacting antimony trioxide with nitric acid. It can also be made by reacting antimony pentafluoride or antimony pentachloride with water.
Uses
Antimony pentoxide is used in fire retardants and the making of titanium dioxide. It is also used as a catalyst.
Yadavs of Nepal

Yadavs of Nepal (Nepali: nepaalkaa yaadvaa) or Yaduvanshi Kshatriyas (Nepali: yduvNshii) are Yadav/Ahir caste of Nepal.
Origin
Yadavs are the descendants of Yadu, the eldest son of King Yayati. It is said that Yadu was expelled by Yayati from his kingdom and became a rebel. His successor was Madhu, who ruled from Madhuvana, situated on the banks of river Yamuna, which extended up to Saurastra and Anarta (Gujarat). His daughter Madhumati married Harinasva of Ikshvaku race, from whom Yadu was born again, this time being ancestor of Yadavas. Nanda, the foster father of Krishna, was born in the line of succession of Madhu and ruled from the same side of Yamuna. Jarasandh, Kansa's father-in-law, and king of Magadha attacked Yadavas to avenge Kansa's death. Yadavas had to shift their capital from Mathura (central Aryavart) to Dwaraka (on the western coast of Aryavart) on the Sindhu. Yadu was a legendary Hindu king, believed to be an ancestor of the god Krishna, who for this reason is sometimes referred to as Yadava.
Julia van der Sprong

Julia van der Sprong (born 27 September 1999) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. she is a member of the Netherlands women's national wheelchair basketball team, and SC DeVeDo in Ermelo. She won the gold medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
She also became world champion in 2018 and European champion in 2019.
She plays in the Dutch Eredivisie national league, with her club SC DeVeDo.
Life
Van der Sprong was born in 1999 in Gouda. She did before her impairment hockey, roller skating and speed skating. After a field hockey training she couldn't feel her left leg and foot anymore. She had an inflammation that damaged nerves on her spinal cord and resulted that she had to use a wheelchair. She tried playing wheelchair tennis and wheelchair racing and switched to wheelchair basketball in 2016 in Gouda.
She studied business administration at the Radboud University in Nijmegen.
No. 3 Fighter Sector RAAF

No. 3 Fighter Sector (3FS) was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) unit during World War Two. No. 3FS was responsible for fighter aircraft control and coordination for the Townsville region. 3FS would collect all of the intelligence information from the various D/F stations and VAOC posts, decide on the what needed to be done and then tell the fighter or bomber squadrons to respond. 3FS was in telephone and radio contact with all of the anti-aircraft, searchlight, RDF and HF/DF stations in the Townsville area.
It was first set up at Townsville Grammar School, on 25 February 1942. The Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force members of 3FS lived at St Anne's Girls School, Townsville. In 1942, a new headquarters for No. 3FS was built at Wulguru, Townsville. The site was a proper military camp site with its own power house, barracks, kitchens, toilets and recreation hall. There were as many as 62 different buildings in 3FS HQ. The camp was on the side of a hill near Mt Stuart, on the west side of the road to Charters Towers. It can still be seen today on the hill on the opposite side of the Stuart Shopping Centre.
No. 3FS was renamed 103 Fighter Control Unit (103 FCU) on 7 March 1944. The Stuart complex was complete and ready to use on 20 December 1944. The main operations building was a bunker made of 30-centimetre (12 in) thick reinforced concrete designed to withstand a direct bomb hit. It had a mezzanine floor and was air-conditioned. 3 Fighter Sector Headquarters had 32 rooms in the large rectangular concrete building with walls forming various passageways. The building still stands today and is 60 by 42 feet (18.3 m x 12.8 m).
All air raid warnings were started from this bunker by red, yellow and white flares. There was also HQ located in North Ward, Townsville. 103 FCU was disbanded in Townsville on 21 January 1945.
After the war
After the war, the buildings were used to house new migrants to Australia. The buildings were still furnished at the time. In 1961 it was purchased by James Cook University of Queensland and was used as a temporary accommodation for students while their residential halls were being built. The bunker itself still had its communication and signals equipment. A few years later the inside of the bunker was destroyed by fire. In 1971 the rest of the buildings were demolished. The site is now owned by the Department of Environment and Resources.
Ammunition storage
In 1999, a group of people, had been raising money and getting the right equipment to fix this bunker after it was burned and destroyed by fire. They wanted to turn it into a museum. The Department of Environment and Resources have said that the building is not safe. In 2009 the bunker was fenced off.
Many people in Townsville believe that the bunker may still have ammunition and chemical weapons left over from the war. They also think that the bunker is part of a network of tunnels built during the war in the hills around Townsville. The Department of Defence has said that neither of these claims are true.
Miguel Primo de Rivera

Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquess of Estella (8 January 1870 - 16 March 1930), was a dictator and military officer who was the Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during the Restoration era.
Diana Maggi

Graziosa Maggi (10 June 1925 - 15 September 2022), better known as Diana Maggi, was an Italian-born Argentine actress. Her best known role was in the 1950 movie Campeon a la fuerza. Maggi was born in Milan.
Maggi died on 15 September 2022, at the age of 97.
Zico

Zico may refer to:
Zico (footballer) (born 1953), born Arthur Antunes Coimbra, Brazilian footballer and coach
Zico Soccer, a video game
Zico Football Center, a sports complex in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Zico (footballer, born 1966), born Milton Antonio Nunes Niemet, Brazilian footballer and coach
Zico (rapper) or Woo Ji-ho (born 1992), South Korean rapper
ZICO (beverage), a brand of coconut water
People with the given name
Zico Bailey (born 2000), American soccer player
Zico Doe (fl. from 1990), Liberian footballer
Zico Luzinho Ingles Casimiro or Luzinho (born 1985), East Timorese footballer
Zico Otieno (Zedekiah Otieno, born 1968), Kenyan footballer
Zico Phillips (born 1991), Barbadian footballer
Zico Rumkabu (born 1989), Indonesian footballer
Zico Senamuang or Kiatisuk Senamuang (born 1973), Thai footballer and coach
Zico Waeytens (born 1991), Belgian cyclist
Redox

Redox (shorthand for reduction/oxidation) describes all chemical reactions in which atoms have an increase or decrease in oxidation number (oxidation state).
An oxidation number is a number assigned to an element in chemical combination that represents the number of electrons lost (or gained, if the number is negative), by an atom of that element in the compound.
The term redox comes from the two concepts of reduction and oxidation. It can be explained in simple terms:
Oxidation describes the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion
Reduction describes the gain of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion
Whether an electron is gained or lost can be easily memorised by the abbreviation OIL RIG, which stands for, "Oxidation Is Loss," or losing electrons, and "Reduction Is Gain," or gaining electrons. Redox reactions can also happen by sharing electrons to form a product by covalent bonding.
In an oxidation reduction reaction, the cation gives an electron to the anion because both ions will have a different charge to attract each other with. In an oxidation reduction reaction, the oxidizing reagent pulls an electron from the other atom to have a net positive charge. The reducing reagent gives an electron to have a net negative charge. However, there are exceptions.
Chemical process
Redox is a chemical process. It can be described in chemical formulas. This example describes the process that occurs in a blast furnace, where iron (Fe) reacts with carbon (C):
Now elementary iron has been processed.
Bollingen Prize for Poetry

The Bollingen Prize for Poetry is a writing award given to an American poet. The award is given to a poet for the best new book or for the work of a poet's whole life. From 1948 to 1962, the prize was given every year. Starting in 1965, it was given every two years.
The prize was started in 1948 by Paul Mellon. It was named after psychiatrist Carl Jung's home in Switzerland.
The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University is the home of the Bollingen Prize.
Monterey Pop Festival

The Monterey International Pop Music Festival took place from June 16 to June 18, 1967. Over 200,000 people went, and it is often seen as the beginning of the "rock era", replacing the earlier term "rock and roll". The festival was a cultural inspiration for future events. Many of the performers (like Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin) became major celebrities through their appearances, while older acts (like The Beach Boys, who were scheduled to appear but cancelled) were seen as obsolete.
Baugy, Cher

Baugy () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of central France. The former communes Laverdines and Saligny-le-Vif were merged into Baugy on 1 January 2019. It has a population of around 1,665 as of January 2019.
Boris Schnaiderman

Boris Solomonovitch Schnaiderman (Russian Boris Solomonovich Shnaiderman; 17 May 1917 - 18 May 2016) was a Brazilian translator, writer and essayist. He was of Jewish descent.
He became a naturalized citizen of Brazil in 1941 and fought in World War II with the Brazilian Expeditionary Force.
In 2003 he received the Prize of Translation by the Academia Brasileira de Letras. He was the first person who translated to Portuguese classical Russian books directly from the Russian language.
Giga Pet

Giga pets are virtual pet toys. Each Giga Pet is a handheld game console. They were created in 1997 by Tiger Electronics, who is best known for their creation of the Furby.
Jack Hyles

Jack Frasure Hyles (September 25, 1926 in Texas - February 6, 2001 in Indiana) was a important person in the independent Baptist movement. He was the pastor of the First Baptist Church of Hammond in Hammond, Indiana from 1959 until his death in 2001.
Fraser, Michigan

Fraser is a city in Macomb County, Michigan, United States.
Solon

Solon was a statesman in Ancient Greece. He is one of Seven Sages (or Wise Men) of Greece, because of his political reforms to the laws of Athens. Many of these changes helped the poor people. He lived from 630 B.C.- 560 B.C. He introduced the court and judges. About 594 B.C., the nobles elected Solon to lead Athens. He made reforms that helped prevent a revolt by the poor. First he freed people who had become slaves because of debts. He made a law that no citizen could be enslaved. Solon also organized citizens into four classes based on wealth, not birth. Rich men had more power. Yet this was still a more fair system than the old one that limited power to nobles. Solon allowed all citizens to serve in the assembly and help elect leaders. He also reformed the laws to make them less harsh.
Kievan Rus'

Kievan Rus' (also known as Kyivan Rus) was a medieval state in Europe. It was from the late 9th to the mid 13th century. It broke apart under the Mongol invasion of 1237-1240.
At its peak, it stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, and from the upper Vistula in the west to the middle Volga in the east.
The state was called "land of the Rus' " . The name "Kievan Rus' " was used in the 19th century to mean the time when the center was in Kyiv.
The early part of the state is sometimes known as the "Rus Khaganate". The history of Rus' proper begins in 882. This is when the capital was moved from Novgorod to Kyiv. This was after Varangians (Vikings), who were called Rus, freed this slavic city from the Khazars' tribute.
The state reached its most powerful in the mid 11th century. Its lands went south to the Black Sea, east to the Volga, and west to the Kingdom of Poland and to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Vladimir the Great (980-1015) and his son Yaroslav I the Wise (1019-1054) ruled in the "Golden Age" of Kyiv. With the end of the Viking age, the state lost power in the late 11th and during the 12th century. The broke apart into various rival regional powers.
The various East Slavic principalities were brought together in the Russian Empire in the 18th century. The modern East Slavic states of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia all get their identity from the early medieval state.
Wolf Children

Wolf Children () is an Japanese anime movie directed/co-written by Mamoru Hosoda.
Plot
Hana, a college student, has two children with a werewolf. She names the girl Yuki and the boy Ame. Not long after this, their father dies. Hana decides to keep raising the children.
As the children grow older, Hana finds it is hard to hide the werewolf powers inherited from their father: ultimately, she moves them to the countryside to avoid trouble from the public. She works hard to repair a house and grow their own food.
Ame becomes confident in himself after a near-death experience, and the children are allowed to attend school. Yuki adapts and makes friends, while Ame drops out to receive lessons from an old fox named Sensei about surviving in the wild. At this time, they are beginning to form their life paths.
In fourth grade, a transfer student named Souhei begins attending Yuki's class. He realizes she is not normal, and during a chase, Yuki accidentally injures his ear. He tells his mother a wolf attacked him, not Yuki. Over time, they become friends.
Ame and Yuki later fight each other over their "real" selves: neither sibling can agree whether or not they are wolf or human. Hana recognizes they are forming their futures, but is worried about it. Ame reveals that Sensei has been gravely wounded during a storm and will likely not survive, but then hints that he will succeed Sensei as the guardian of the wild. Hana is horrified by this, and begs him not to return to the forest.
Two years later, despite what Hana told him, Ame disappears into the forest during a severe storm to replace Sensei; Hana goes after him. She forgets to pick up Yuki from school, who is left alone with Souhei while the other students are retrieved. She decides to reveal herself as a wolf to him. He replies that he already knew and will keep her secret.
Hana gets hurt by a fall and dreams about her lover, who tells her that Ame will be fine with his chosen path. Ame picks her up and gets her to safety, but then turns into an adult wolf and runs off into the mountains. Hana is initially heartbroken as she believes she has not yet done anything for Ame, but soon recognizes he is now "where he belongs" and bids him farewell.
The next school year, Yuki leaves home to move into a dorm room with her friends in Junior High. Ame's howls are heard throughout the forest. Despite living alone in the house, Hana feels that she has raised her children well.
Province of South Carolina

The Province of South Carolina (also known as the South Carolina Colony) was originally part of the Province of Carolina in British America. In 1776 the province became the U.S. state of South Carolina.
The Carolinas were named for King Charles II of England. The colony was first named "Carolana". Charles II had given the land to a group of eight nobles called the Lords Proprietors. In 1712 the Carolina Province split into the Province of North Carolina and Province of South Carolina. Both provinces became British royal colonies in 1729.
Lord Charles Montagu (1741-1784) was Royal Governor of the Province of South Carolina from 1766 to 1773.
Karachay-Cherkessia

The Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Russian: Karachaevo-Cherkesskaia Respublika, Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika; Karachay-Balkar: K'arachai-Cherkes Respublika, Qaracay-Cerkes Respublika; Circassian: K'ereshei-Sherdzhes Respublika, Keresei-Serdzes Respublike, Nogai: Karashai-Sherkesh Respublika, Karasay-Serkes Respublika, Abaza: K'archa-Cherkes Respublika, Qarca-Cerkes Respublika) or Karachay-Cherkessia (Russian: Karachaevo-Cherkesiia, Karachayevo-Cherkesiya) is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia. In 2021, 469,865 people lived there. Cherkessk is the largest city and the administrative center of the republic.
Protecting Children from Internet Pornographers Act of 2011

On July 28, 2011, the United States House Judiciary Committee passed the Protecting Children from Internet Pornographers Act of 2011 (HR 1981). The bill passed by a vote of 19-10. Next the bill will be discussed in the House of Representatives. Some people are against this bill because it gives a lot of access to personal information. Some people have said that the bill will not become a law, but the Congressional Budget Office put out a report on October 12, 2011, with the cost of making the changes in the bill. The next step is that the bill will be discussed in the House of Representatives.
History
On May 25, 2011, Representative Lamar Smith of Texas introduced the bill. It was co-sponsored by 25 other Representatives of the House. On July 28, 2011 the bill was passed by the House Judiciary Committee. It has to go through more approvals before it becomes a law.
Purpose
The purpose of the bill is to protect children. The bill would give the police more access to information in order to find and catch people who make and/or distribute child pornography.
This bill would create laws that give bigger punishments for people charged with child pornography. The bill also makes companies that people in the United States get internet service from (internet service providers or ISPs) keep records of all of their customers' internet use for twelve months. They would have to keep this information in case it needs to be used to investigate people.
Cost
On October 12, 2011 a report on the costs of the bill was released. This report said that the cost to the government would be very small and that the internet service companies would have to pay more than $200 million. That money includes the cost of storing the extra information about their customers.
Controversy
Some say that because of the Patriot Act, this law could mean that people could lose some of their civil rights. Representative Zoe Lofgren, (D-Calif.) is very against the bill and asked for it to be renamed the "Keep Every American's Digital Data for Submission to the Federal Government Without a Warrant Act." She believes that people will have a lot less privacy if this is passed.
People who are in favor of the bill say that the police and other law enforcers need to be able to go back and look at the records of IP addresses, because these addresses can change over time. So the police need to be able to check the records in order to catch people. occurred. Lamar Smith, the bill's sponsor, said that: ""Some Internet service providers currently retain these [IP] addresses for business purposes. But the period of retention varies widely among providers, from a few days to a few months. The lack of uniform data retention impedes the investigation of Internet crimes." Smith said that the number of child pornography cases grew by 150% a year every year for the past ten years.
Cover Girl

Cover Girl is a 1944 American romantic musical comedy movie directed by Charles Vidor and starring Rita Hayworth, Gene Kelly, Lee Bowman, Phil Silvers, Leslie Brooks, Eve Arden, Otto Kruger, Anita Colby, Jess Barker. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures and was nominated for 5 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1945.
Riedern

Riedern was a municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2011, Riedern is part of the municipality of Glarus.
Paola, Kansas

Paola is a city in Miami County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat. In 2010, 5,602 people lived there.
History
At the start of the 19th century, the area was mostly controlled by the Osage people.
Settlement of the area happened when Kaskaskia, Peoria, Wea, and Piankeshaw tribes were forced to move to the area between 1827 and 1832. These created the Confederated Allied Tribe. It was led by Baptiste Peoria, who was of both French and Indian ethnicity. They called their settlement Peoria Village.
In 1912, James Patterson moved to Paola. He did this to create his winter headquarters for his traveling circus. It was called the Patterson Circus. The circus continued until 1927. A wall mural about it is at 106 W. Peoria. The Patterson's home is still in Paola on the 600 block of north Mulberry. It is the only remaining building from the circus winter headquarters.
Geography
Paola is at (38.573599, -94.873456). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water.
Climate
Paola has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Koppen Climate Classification system says that Paola has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
People
2010 census
In 2010, there were 5,602 people, 2,173 households, and 1,407 families living in Paola.
Education
USD 368 offers education to children in grades K-12 with some education opportunities for adults as well.
Cottonwood Elementary (grades K-2)
Sunflower Elementary (grades 3-5)
Hillsdale Elementary (grades K-5) (closed)
Paola Middle School (grades 6-8)
Paola High School (grades 9-12)
Paola Adult Education Center
Holy Trinity Catholic School is a private school offering education for grades kindergarten through eight.
Fort Scott Community College is a community college with a satellite campus in Paola.
Born to Run

Born to Run is the third studio album by Bruce Springsteen and released on August 25, 1975 through Columbia Records.
Rankings
It went to number 3 in the United States, number 7 in Australia, the Netherlands and Sweden, number 20 in Ireland, number 26 in Norway, number 28 in New Zealand, number 31 in Ireland and number 36 in the United Kingdom. In 2020, the album was ranked #18 in the Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (March 5, 1696 - March 27, 1770) was an Italian decorative painter of the Baroque. He was born in Venice and died in Madrid. He had nine children upon his wife Maria Cecilia Guardi. Two of his three sons became his assistants; the third became a priest. He worked churches and palaces in Italy, Germany, and Spain.
Aleksis Kivi

Aleksis Kivi , born Alexis Stenvall, (10 October 1834 - 31 December 1872) was a Finnish writer. He wrote plays and poems and the first significant novel in the Finnish language, Seven Brothers (Finnish title: Seitseman veljesta). He is considered one of the greatest authors in Finland.
Kivi lived in time when all educated people in Finland spoke Swedish. He was the first professional writer who published his works in Finnish. Kivi, Mikael Agricola and Elias Lonnrot are regarded fathers of a national literature in Finnish.
Hauts-de-Seine

Hauts-de-Seine is a department which is the western inner suburbs of Paris in the Ile-de-France region. Its prefecture is Nanterre and its population is about 1,517,000 (2006 estimation).
The Song of the Shirt (movie)

The Song of the Shirt is a 1908 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Linda Arvidson, George Gebhardt, and Robert Harron.
George Maxwell Richards

George Maxwell Richards, TC, CM (1 December 1931 - 8 January 2018) was a Trinidadian politician. He was the fourth President of Trinidad and Tobago. He was in office from 2003 to 2013.
Richards died in Port of Spain on 8 January 2018 of congestive heart failure at the age of 86.
Farid Zizi

Farid Zizi is a French aerospace engineer.
Since 1 August 2018, he has been the head of the France Aviation Civile Services (previously DSNA Services).
He is known for having been head of the Education and Research at the French Civil Aviation University and head of the Air Navigation Commission at ICAO.
Norton, Massachusetts

Norton is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States.
Clapham Junction railway station

Clapham Junction railway station is a train station in Battersea in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is on St. John's Hill in the south west of Battersea.
The station
The services
All services to Waterloo and many services to Victoria and Croydon stations pass through the junction; these include South West Trains, Gatwick Express and Southern services. Services from Clapham Junction also head north along the West London line, through West Brompton and Kensington (Olympia), on to Willesden Junction and Watford Junction - services (to Willesden Junction) are operated by London Overground.
Typical off-peak service of about 110 trains (one train every 30 seconds) is:
27 London Waterloo
22 London Victoria
1 Alton
1 stopping to Basingstoke
2 Brighton
2 Caterham
2 Chessington South
1 Dorking (via Sutton)
2 Dorking (via Wimbledon)
1 East Croydon (via Norbury)
2 East Grinstead
1 Epsom Downs
2 Epsom (via Hackbridge)
1 Epsom (via Norbury)
2 Guildford (via Cobham)
2 Guildford (via Epsom)
2 Hampton Court
1 Haslemere
1 Horsham
1 Littlehampton and Eastbourne (divides at Haywards Heath)
2 London Bridge
2 London Waterloo (via Brentford, Hounslow and Richmond)
2 London Waterloo (via Richmond, Hounslow and Brentford)
2 London Waterloo (via Wimbledon, Kingston and Richmond)
2 London Waterloo (via Richmond, Kingston and Wimbledon)
1 Milton Keynes Central (via Kensington)
1 Ore and Littlehampton (divides at Haywards Heath and Eastbourne)
1 Poole
1 Portsmouth Harbour (via Haslemere)
1 Portsmouth Harbour and Bognor Regis (divides at Horsham)
2 Reading
2 Shepperton
1 Southampton Central and Bognor Regis (divides at Horsham)
2 Sutton (via Norbury)
2 West Croydon (via Crystal Palace)
2 Weybridge (via Brentford, Hounslow and Staines)
1 Weymouth
2 Willesden Junction
2 Windsor & Eton Riverside
2 stopping to Woking
1 Yeovil Junction (some continue to Exeter and beyond)
The facilities
The station has 17 platforms, numbered 1 to 17, and arranged in two groups. Platform 1, the northernmost platform. The station's main entrance is from St. John's Hill, into a foot tunnel which is 15 ft (4.6 m) wide. It runs under the eastern end of the 17 platforms, and to a northern exit, which has restricted opening hours. The foot tunnel becomes very crowded during the morning and evening rush hours, and ticket barriers at the end of the tunnel are a particular pinch point.
A covered footbridge connects the platforms at their western end. The footbridge does not have an exit to or from the station.
Ryhall railway station

Ryhall & Belmesthorpe railway station (originally Ryhall & Belmisthorpe) was a station in Belmesthorpe and about half a mile from Ryhall, both in Rutland. It was the only intermediate station on the Stamford and Essendine Railway, later Great Northern Railway, single track line between Stamford and Essendine. It was sited south of a level crossing at the west end of the village. The goods yard was to the north of the level crossing.
Brett Gurewitz

Brett W. Gurewitz (born May 12, 1962 in Los Angeles, California), nicknamed Mr. Brett, is an American guitarist. He is the guitarist and a songwriter of the punk rock band, Bad Religion. He is also the owner of the music label Epitaph Records. He left and returned to Bad Religion twice and is still with the band today.
Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked

Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked is a 2011 movie starring Jason Lee as David Seville. The main characters for the movie are Alvin, Simon, Theodore and the Chipettes. The movie was released on December 16, 2011.
Plot
Dave Seville (Jason Lee), the chipmunks, and the chipettes are on a cruise with Dave for a family vacation. Dave discovers that his old boss, Ian Hawke (David Cross) is working as a pelican on the Cruise. Dave warns Alvin to not have too much fun but Alvin does not listen and him and the other chipmunks get blown away while holding onto a kite and they end up stranded on a deserted island. Dave tries to take a hanglider to find the chipmunks but after Ian tries to stop him and they both end up in the ocean.
On the island, the chipmunks try to find food and they meet a castaway, Zoe (Jenny Slate). She shows the chipmunks her hut she built with a zip line. Eleanor sprains her ankle after falling from the zip line and Simon gets bitten by a spider. This gives him a neurotoxin disease making him believe he is a French explorer named "Simone." Simone asks Jeanette to dance, thinking she is beautiful, much to Alvin's dismay. Zoe takes Simone, Jeanette, Eleanor and Theodore to a waterfall and Simone finds a cave full of gold and jewellery.
The next day, Alvin and Brittnay notice the volcano on the island is active and decide they had better leave the island after Dave and Ian arrive at the island. They begin to build a raft to escape the island. Simone and Jeanette are still looking for food. Zoe knocks Simone out with a golf ball, and captures Jeanette. She forces her to give her all the gold, by tying Jeanette to a rope and putting her down into the cave. Even though Jeanette refuses, Zoe still makes her.
Later, Simon wakes up as his normal self and cannot remember anything after the spider bite. When the others cross a tree log to find Jeanette but when the ground begins to rumble, Zoe lets go of the rope. Jeanette follows Dave and Alvin back but gets caught by Zoe who still forces Jeanette to give her the gold. Simon saves Jeanette from Zoe. Alvin cuts the rope, releasing Zoe's grip and as the log begins to crack, Dave hangs on and Ian finally convinces Zoe to help save Dave.
They escape the island on the raft just as the volcano erupts and later are rescued by a rescue helicopter, Jeanette gives Zoe a bracelet that Simone gave her as a present. Alvin and Dave reconcile.
The chipmunks and chipettes perform at the International Music Awards and Ian gets his job back by selling Zoe's story to Hollywood.
Stigmata

Stigmata are marks on a person's body, that are like the wounds Jesus got from being crucified.
They supposedly happen to other religious people like Saint Francis of Assisi, as well as Jesus. The marks include nail holes in the hands and feet, as if the person had been crucified, but without that having happened.
Contradictions
Those who believe in stigmata say that actual nails were not used, but the holes just appear as a miracle. Those who do not believe say it is not a miracle. They have other ways to explain those stories.
Young Turks (song)

"Young Turks" is a 1981 song by Rod Stewart and taken from his 11th studio album Tonight I'm Yours. It went to number 1 in Israel, number 2 in Canada, number 3 in Australia and number 5 in the United States.
1786

Events
May 21 - Trial of the Necklace affair ends in Paris
August 8 - Mont Blanc was climbed for the first time by Dr. Michael-Gabriel Paccard and Jacques Balmat.
August 29- Shays Rebellion begins
September 2 - Hurricane in England.
November 7 - The oldest musical organization in the United States was founded as the Stoughton Musical Society.
November 30 - Peter Leopold Joseph of Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany, promulgates a penal reform making his country the first state to abolish the death penalty. November 30 is therefore commemorated by 300 cities around the world as Cities for Life Day.
December 4 - The Mission Santa Barbara, was founded by Father Fermin Francisco de Lasuen, becoming the tenth mission in the California mission chain.
Choctaw Treaty
Chickasaw Treaty
Robert Burns publishes Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect
Francis Light acquires the island of Penang from the Sultan of Kedah on behalf of the British East India Company. It is the first British colony in South-East Asia.
Anglo-Spanish treaty gives Belize to Britain
First ship of convicts leaves Britain for Botany Bay, Australia - 820 out of 1138 aboard are convicts
The trade with Iceland is opened to all Danish and Norwegian traders.
Hieronymus Bosch

Hieronymus Bosch, (born Jeroen Anthonissen van Aken, c. 1450 - 9 August 1516) was an early Dutch painter. He lived, worked and died in 's-Hertogenbosch, a Dutch town. This was then the capital of the Duchy of Brabant, a region which included much of modern Belgium and Holland.
Many of his works depict temptation, sin and punishment in hell. The paintings have a dreamlike surreal quality, with sexual and sadistic images. The intent was probably serious, to warn of the punishment which awaited sinners in hell.
The paintings often look like, and certainly did influence, the modern art movement known as surrealism. Bosch used images of demons, half-human animals and machines, to evoke fear and confusion, and to portray the evil of man. His works contain complex, highly original, imaginative, and dense use of symbolic figures and iconography, some of which was obscure even in his own time.
Today only 25 paintings are known to be by him; Philip II of Spain collected some of the best, which are now in the Prado Museum, Madrid.
Jody Williams

Jody Williams (October 9th 1950 - ) is a peace activist and humanitarian. She focused mainly on removing landmines from the world. Williams was born October 09, 1950 in Vermont, USA. Williams helped start the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL).
Inspiration
Many things made her become a peace activist. One of these things was her brother. Her brother was deaf and schizophrenic. He was disliked for his disabilities.
In college, Williams didn't know what she wanted to study. After she graduated, she worked as a teacher in the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Washington D.C. Williams does not like landmines. She does not want innocent people to be hurt by the landmines. Some people would accidentally step on the landmines and be killed.
Work With Celebrities
Williams worked with celebrities to help teach people about the danger of landmines. She even worked with was Diana, Princess of Wales. Some celebrities didn't like this activism. One celebrity that didn't like Williams' activism was Bill Clinton, a former US president. Clinton made this clear when he did not call her when she got the Nobel Peace Prize.
Achievements
Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize. She was given the Nobel Peace Prize because of her work on getting rid of landmines. The Nobel Peace Prize was given to her in October, a day after her birthday. Williams said that it was challenging for her to get support on this project. The government didn't want to give landmines up because they were cheap and worked well. Williams won the argument and had landmines were made illegal.
Williams worked for many organizations. She worked with Nicaragua-Honduras Education Project, the Medical Aid for El Salvador, Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation, and Medico International.
Williams wrote Banning Landmines: Disarmament, Citizen Diplomacy, and Human Security and My Name is Jody Williams: A Vermont Girl's Winding Path to the Nobel Peace Prize. Williams also helped make the Nobel Women's Initiative. The Nobel Women's Initiative is an organization that is made up of female Nobel Peace Prize winners. They work all over the world and tell people about female equality.
Lavau, Aube

Lavau is a commune in Aube in north-central France.
Bad Herrenalb

Bad Herrenalb is a small town in the district of Calw, in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany.
Bad Herrenalb is in the northern Black Forest, east of Baden-Baden, and southwest of Pforzheim.
Germersheim (district)

Germersheim is a district in the south-east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
The Rhine river forms the eastern boundary of the district. The river Lauter forms most of the southern boundary.
Vic Firth

Everett "Vic" Firth (June 2, 1930 - July 26, 2015) was an American musician. He was the founder of Vic Firth Company (formerly Vic Firth, Inc.), a company that makes percussion sticks and mallets.
High fantasy

High fantasy is a sub-genre of fantasy fiction. It is also called epic fantasy. High fantasy is normally set in fictional universes. These universes are created for the story or stories. High fantasy is not set in the real world.
Examples of high fantasy include The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. A Song of Ice and Fire (Game of Thrones) by George R. R. Martin, the Discworld series by Terry Pratchett and The Wheel of Time series by Robert Jordan.