Vaucluse

The Vaucluse () is a department in the southeast of France in the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region. Its prefecture is Avignon.
It is named after a famous spring, in the commune Fontaine-de-Vaucluse. The name Vaucluse comes from the Latin Vallis Clausa ("closed valley") as the valley here ends in a cliff from which rises a spring.
History
Vaucluse was not one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. It was created on 12 August 1793 with four districts: Apt, Orange, Ouveze (Carpentras), Vaucluse (Avignon); its capital was Avignon.
In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the districts were changed into arrondissements: Avignon, Apt, Carpentras and Orange.
After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Austrian army from June 1815 to November 1818.
On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Orange was eliminated and the subprefecture of Apt was moved to Cavaillon but went back to Apt in 1933.
Geography
Vaucluse is part of the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region, in southeast France, with an area of . The department has an exclave to the north, the canton of Valreas, surrounded completely by Drome department.
The department borders with 3 regions and 6 other departments:
Occitanie region
Gard (west)
Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region
Drome (north)
Ardeche (northwest)
Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (east)
Var (southeast) ( a short distance)
Bouches-du-Rhone (south)
The are several chains of mountains in the Vaucluse department, mainly in the eastern half; from northeast to southeast, they are:
Dentelles de Montmirail, a small chain of small mountains; the highest point is Crete de Saint-Amand, high.
Vaucluse Mountains (). The highest peak in the Vaucluse department is Signal de Saint-Pierre, high.
Luberon Massif, in the souhteast of the department; the highest point is Mourre Negre, high. The chain is in the Regional Natural Park of Luberon ().
The highest mountain in the department is Mont Ventoux () that is high. It stands alone to the north of the Luberon range, separated by the Vaucluse Mountains, and just to the eastern base of the Dentelles de Montmirail.
There are several valleys and plain in the department. The main important plain is the plain of Comtat where is most of the population of the department. It is to the south and the west of the Mont Ventoux and has the Rhone river to the west, the Durance river to the south and the Vaucluse Mountains to the east.
The main rivers are the Rhone and the Durance, tributary of the Rhone. Other rivers are tributaries of those two rivers.
Climate
The climate in Avignon, at an altitude of , is of the subtype Csa (Mediterranean climate) in the Koppen climate classification.
The average temperature for the year in Avignon is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Avignon is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of .
Administration
Vaucluse is part of the region of Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur. The department is managed by the Departamental Council of the Vaucluse in Avignon.
Administrative divisions
There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 17 cantons and 151 communes (municipalities) in Vaucluse.
The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Vaucluse department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
Apt (8401)
Avignon-1 (8402)
Avignon-2 (8403)
Avignon-3 (8404)
Bollene (8405)
Carpentras (8406)
Cavaillon (8407)
Cheval-Blanc (8408)
L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue (8409)
Monteux (8410)
Orange (8411)
Pernes-les-Fontaines (8412)
Pertuis (8413)
Le Pontet (8414)
Sorgues (8415)
Vaison-la-Romaine (8416)
Valreas (8417)
Demographics
The inhabitants of Vaucluse are known, in French, as Vauclusiens (women: Vauclusiennes).
Vaucluse has a population, in 2014, of 554,374, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Avignon, with 296,303 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Carpentras and Apt, have respectively 129,623 and 128,448 inhabitants.
The city with more people living in it is the capital, Avignon (92,209). The subprefectures of Carpentras and Apt have, respectively, 28,447 and 11,885 inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in Vaucluse
The 12 most important cities in the department are:
Economy
Vaucluse has been always a rural department where farming is the main economic activity. The most important produces in the department are fruits (melons, cherries, strawberrys, apples, grapes and others) and vegetables (tomatoes).
Another important product of the region is wine, mainly those wines known as Cotes-du-Rhone.