kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Southern Europe

Southern Europe is a region of the European continent. The official definition of Southern Europe includes the Iberian Peninsula, Italian Peninsula and Balkan Peninsula. Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece and all northern Mediterranean countries of the European continent are considered part of Southern Europe.
Most importantly, in a European Union context, Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Malta, Greece, Cyprus, Croatia and Slovenia officially belong to the Group of the South.
Geographical definition
Geographically, Southern Europe would be the south half of the landmass of Europe. This definition is relative, with no clear limits.
The Alps mountains are a physical barrier between Italy and the rest of Europe.
Geopolitical definition of the United Nations
For its official works and publications, the United Nations Organization has its own special definition of regions. Corsica for example is part of France, thus not part of Southern Europe, but Italian Tyrol belongs to Southern Europe as it is part of Italy..
Climatical definition
The climatic definition of southern Europe would be similar to the areas of Mediterranean climate. The Mediterranean climate is often thought to be a typical characteristic of Southern Europe.
Linguistic and cultural definition
Countries of Latin Europe are often associated with the concept of Southern Europe, especially Italy and Spain.
Greece, Malta and Anatolia are often associated with them.
The Famous Five

The Famous Five book series is a set of 21 books written by Enid Blyton.
Robin Wright

Robin Gayle Wright (born April 8, 1966 in Dallas, Texas) is an American actress. Her roles include starring as Jenny in the Academy Award winning movie Forrest Gump. She played in many other movies and television series. Wright was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her acting in the soap opera Santa Barbara.
Wright was married to actor Sean Penn from 1998 until 2010. They have 2 children.
Sif

Sif is a goddess in Norse mythology. She is the wife of Thor and mother of Thrud and Ull.
Sif has hair made of gold. It grows just like normal hair. Her original hair's color looked like wheat. Loki cut off Sif's hair as a prank. When Thor found out he made Loki have golden hair made for her by the Dwarves.
It is believed that Sif was a goddess of the home, of field and of the crop. It is also said that she had some control of destiny.
Thrud is the only daughter of Thor and Sif. Ull is her son with another man. Thor also has two sons with a giantess. In two different poems in Poetic Edda, Sif is said to have a mysterious lover, but no one knows who he is.
A volcano on the planet Venus is named after Sif. Sif is also a character in the comic book The Mighty Thor from Marvel Comics.
Llama

A Llama (Lama glama) is a mammal of the Camelidae family. It is from South America, the Andes Mountains of Peru and Ecuador.
Sometimes the name llama is used for all four South American camelids.
Llama and humans
The llama was domesticated about 5000 years ago. It was and is used for carrying things, and for wool. The llama was very important for the Incan people. Even today, llamas are used for similar reasons, but will more commonly be used as domesticated pets.
Related animals
The llama's close relative is the alpaca, who is a more demure, petite animal in comparison to the llama. Llamas have three related cousins - the alpaca, the guanaco, and the vicuna. The llama is the national symbol of Bolivia.
Llamas spit, and travel together. Llamas also have a high content of hemoglobin which causes their blood cells to be oval and not circular.
Hodonín

Hodonin is a town in the Czech Republic. About 26,179 people live there (2008). It is located in the South-East of the historical region Moravia. It was founded in the 11th century. It lies on the border with Slovakia.
Jonathan Glover

Jonathan Glover (born 1941) is a British philosopher. He teaches ethics at King's College London. Glover is a fellow of the Hastings Center. His first book, Responsibility, was published in 1970.
Kyle Petty

Kyle Petty is a retired NASCAR driver. He is the son of Richard Petty, a retired NASCAR driver. He is apart of many charities. He has six children. He was born in Randleman, North Carolina. He joined Wood Brothers Racing in 1985.
Nyíregyháza

Nyiregyhaza (, ) is a city in northeastern Hungary and the county capital of Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg.
André Cruz

Andre Cruz (born 20 September, 1968) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Animal Crossing

is a social simulation video game series made by Nintendo.
Throughout the Animal Crossing series, the player character is a human who lives in a village where many anthropomorphic animals live, carrying out various activities such as fishing, bug catching, and fossil hunting. The series is known for its open-ended gameplay and use of the video game console's internal clock and calendar to show real passage of time. The first game in the series was originally only released in Japan for the Nintendo 64. In 2001, the first Animal Crossing in other areas was released on the Nintendo Gamecube in 2001. The most recent entry in the series is Animal Crossing: New Horizons, which was released in late March of 2020.It's the top selling games for Nintendo.
Sandhem

Sandhem is a locality in Mullsjo Municipality, in the county of Jonkoping in Sweden.
Ministry of Defence (UK)

The United Kingdom Ministry of Defence is a Britsh government department headed by the Secretary of State for Defence in the Cabinet. It controls the administration of the British Armed Forces.
The present Ministry is a post-World War II creation, joining the Admiralty, the War Office, the Air Ministry and part of the Ministry of Aviation. Ministers of State supervise each of the three armed services, and a Joint Chiefs of Staff committee is led by the professional heads of the three services.
Nagore

Nagore is a town in the Nagapattinam district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the important Islamic shrine in Tamil Nadu. Five centuries old Nagore Dargah is famous throughout the state.It attracts thousands of people daily. The total population of Nagore is 97,525. It is 12km away from Karaikal and 5 km away from district headquarters Nagapattinam.
The Nagore Kandhuri Festival is very famous throughout the region. The festival season in Nagore falls in the month of May.Nagore Dargah is famous because any religious people can gather in the religious site. It is the Common Religious Gathering Point of thousands of people visiting the place each day.
Nagore is also famous for sweets and fishes that are obtained from the coastal region of Nagore. The Nagore Railway station is one of the crowded railway station in that region, since thousands of devotees come through railway to the holy Dargah.
Siskiyou County, California

Siskiyou County ( ) is a county in the northernmost part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,076. The county seat is Yreka.
Siskiyou County is in the Cascade Mountains on the Oregon border.
Ricardo (footballer, born 1977)

Ricardo Cavalcante Ribeiro (born 23 February 1977) is a Brazilian football player.
1. FFC Turbine Potsdam

1. FFC Turbine Potsdam is a German women's association football club from Potsdam, Germany. The club plays in the Frauen-Bundesliga and is one of the most successful teams in Germany.
The club was made in 1971 in East Germany. The club was one of the most successful teams in East Germany. The club also is the only team from East Germany to have won the Frauen-Bundesliga. The team has also won the UEFA Women's Champions League twice.
Alligator gar

The alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) is a species of freshwater fish belonging in the genus Atractosteus that is closely related to the bowfin. Their common name was derived from their resemblance to the alligators. These gars are often referred to as living fossils.
Description
Alligator gar are the largest species in the gar family, and among the largest freshwater fishes found in North America. The alligator gar has a torpedo-shaped body. It resembles that of an alligator, which is a type of reptile.
Distribution
Alligator gar are a diverse fish species. inhabit a wide variety of aquatic habitats, but most are found in the Southern United States in reservoirs and lakes, in the backwaters of lowland rivers, and in the brackish waters of estuaries, bayous, and bays.
They have become an invasive species in Mainland China, where it can be purchased as an exotic pet fish. On September 4, 2009, an 3 ft 3 in (0.99 m) alligator gar was found in Tak Wah Park in Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong. Officials with Leisure and Cultural Services removed all the alligator gar from the ponds because they were concerned they would harm children.
Gonzalo de Berceo

Gonzalo de Berceo (ca. 1197 - before 1264) was a Castilian Spanish poet born in the Riojan village of Berceo. He is celebrated for his poems on religious subjects. He wrote in a style of verse which has been called Mester de Clerecia. He is believed to be the first Castilian poet known by name.
Books he wrote
Works about the Virgin Mary: Loores de Nuestra Senora, Duelo que fizo la Virgen and Milagros de Nuestra Senora.
Lives of saints: Vida de San Millan, Vida de Santo Domingo de Silos, Poema de Santa Oria and El martirio de San Lorenzo.
Doctrinal works: De los signos que aparecen antes del Juicio Final and Del sacrificio de la misa.
Dimont

Dimont is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 310 people lived there.
Montaukett

The Montaukett or Montauk are Native American people from Long Island, New York. They are part of the Algonquian-language group. They are also part of the Northeastern Woodlands. They are related to the Pequot and Narragansett peoples. Montauketts were allied with the settlers during the Pequot War. Colonization spread disease and made the population smaller. Montauk descendants live in Wisconsin and the Shinnecock Reservation in New York. The US Government has not recognized any tribes of the Montauk.
Liga Mexicana Élite

The Mexican Elite League or LME, is a top level ice hockey league based in Mexico.
The league started on October 2, 2010. The league had a goal to make Mexico known as high-level international competition in ice hockey. The league has 4 teams participating: the Mayan Astronomers, the Teotihuacan Priests, the Aztec Eagle Warriors and the Zapotec Totems. The first champions in the inaugural 2010-11 season were the Teotihuacan Priests.
Diprotodon

Diprotodon was the largest marsupial that ever lived, or at any rate, the heaviest. Its family, the Diprotodontidae, existed from at least 1.6 million years ago until extinction some 40,000 years ago. So it lived through most of the Pleistocene epoch. Its forebears lived in the late Oligocene to early Miocene roughly 23 million years ago.
Diprotodon looked like a rhino without a horn. Its feet turned inwards like a wombat's, giving it a pigeon-toed appearance. It had strong claws on the front feet, so it may have been able to dig up roots to eat. Footprints of its hairy feet have been found, so we know it had fur like a horse rather than being bald like a rhino. Diprotodon is found in sites all over Australia, but not in Tasmania.
Female skeletons have been found with babies where the mother's pouch would have been. The largest specimens were hippopotamus-sized: about from nose to tail, standing tall at the shoulder and weighing about .
The animal was semi-aquatic with a life-style rather like a hippo. Its extinction may have been caused by the extreme drought conditions, as well as pressure from the first Aboriginal Australians.
Leonid Brezhnev

Leonid Illich Brezhnev (19 December 1906 - 10 November 1982) was a leader of the Soviet Union. Born in 1906, Brezhnev was First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was effectively the dictator of the Soviet Union from 1964 until his death in 1982.
During the Second World War, Brezhnev was a Political Commissar. He supervised various military units. There, he became a friend of Nikita Khrushchev.
Unlike Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union before him, Brezhnev did not agree with the process of destalinization, and did not support reform. Under Brezhnev, the Soviet economy mostly consisted of military spending. Because the country's resources were going to the armed forces, as they had under Joseph Stalin in wartime, consumer wants were ignored. The standard of living began to fall.
Brezhnev died of a heart attack on November 10, 1982. At over 18 years, Brezhnev was longest ruling Russian Ruler since Stalin until Vladimir Putin broke this record in 2017.
Staghorn damselfish

Amblyglyphidodon curacao; also known as the staghorn damselfish, the clouded damselfish or the bare-snouted sergeant major; is a species of marine fish in the family Pomacentridae, the damselfishes and the clownfishes. It's widespread throughout the tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean. This species is a small sized fish that can reach a maximum size of 11 cm length.
(Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd)

(Pronounced 'Leh-'nerd 'Skin-'nerd) is the first album by Lynyrd Skynyrd, an American southern rock band. It was released on August 13, 1973. It has many of the band's most popular songs, such as "Gimme Three Steps" and "Free Bird".
The album went to number 27 on the Billboard 200, a music chart. It was certified platinum by the RIAA. The album made Lynyrd Skynyrd much more popular. In 2012, Rolling Stone said it was one of the greatest albums ever made.
Andrew W. Mellon

Andrew William Mellon (March 24, 1855 - August 27, 1937) was an American banker who also owned many industrial businesses. He was the Secretary of the Treasury from March 4, 1921 until February 12, 1932.
Personal life
Mellon was a lover of art, and had a large collection which he gave to the National Gallery of Art. Mellon was also a philanthropist - someone who gives to charity in order to make the world a better place.
Divya Bhatnagar

Divya Bhatnagar (17 September 1986- 7 December 2020) was an Indian actress and production manager. Known for television shows like Sethji, Shrimaan Shrimati Phir Se, Sawaare Sabke Sapne... Preeto, Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai etc. She started her career with the show Chand Ke Paar Chalo in the year 2006. She also appeared in Bollywood films like 99 and Sapne Sakar karo. She was diagnosed with COVID-19, and died from it, at the age of 34. Shortly before her death Divya said that she had a problem with domestic violence, and that her husband regularly beat her. Her sister, Devoleena Bhattacharjee, accused Divya's husband for being responsible for her death.
Moncombu

Moncombu (; also spelled Mankombu; see below) is a village in the Alappuzha district in the state of Kerala, India. The place is famous for many things including the Moncombu Bhagavathy Temple and the Rice Research Centre. The ancestors of Dr M S Swaminathan, the father of the green revolution in India, came from this village.
Name
Since the English name is close to the name in the local Malayalam language, there are several spellings in use. Moncombu is the spelling used by the Postal Department of India as well as in government communications. But yet other variants such as Mankombu are in use by the mass media.
GTA

GTA may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Grand Theft Auto, series of video games by Rockstar Games
Grand Theft Auto (video game), the original 1997 game
Grand Theft Auto Advance, also known simply as Grand Theft Auto, 2004
Grand Theft Auto (movie), a 1977 film directed by Ron Howard
Grand Text Auto, a game studies blog by Nick Montfort
GTA (DJs), an American electronic music duo
Car models
Alfa Romeo
GTA, a succession of Italian sport coupes (1965-1975) based on the Giulia
147 GTA, a high-performance version of the 147 hatchback
156 GTA, a high-performance version of the 156 saloon and estate
MiTo GTA, a concept version of the Alfa Romeo MiTo
Pontiac Firebird Trans Am GTA, a U.S. sport coupe (1987-1992)
Renault Alpine GTA/A610, a French sport coupe (1986-1991)
Renault GTA, a sub-compact by American Motors (1986-1987) based on the Renault 11
Places
Gorkhaland Territorial Administration, semi-autonomous region in India
Great Ayton railway station, England (station code: GTA)
Greater Toronto Area, metropolitan area in Southern Ontario, Canada
Goleta station, California, U.S. (station code: GTA)
Eye examination

An eye exam or eye test is a series of diagnosis examinations conducted by optometrists to determine what vision problem(s) one may have, whether they need a prescription for glasses and how strong (in diopters) the lenses need to be, etc.
Guy Bedos

Guy Bedos (15 June 1934 - 28 May 2020) was a French actor and comedian. He was born in Algiers. He was best known for his roles in Sweet and Sour, Pardon Mon Affaire, Too! and All Together. He was also famous for his left-wing political support and he had supported politicians such as Francois Mitterrand.
Bedos died on 28 May 2020 in Paris of problems caused by Alzheimer's disease, aged 85.
Juan Merheb

Juan Merheb is a Puerto Rican cyclist. He competed in the men's points race at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He was born on December 29, 1970.
Lower back tattoo

A lower back tatoo is a tatoo, on the lower part of the back. These tatoos became more popular in the first decade of the 21st century. Many people see them as erotic. They are often symmetrical. People often wear clothing that makes the tatoo more prominent. Women use such tatoos more often than men.
John Seymour (1474–1536)

John Seymour (1474 - 1536) was the father of Henry VIII's third wife Jane Seymour. He married a young English woman named Margery Wentworth. He was born on the year 1476 (exact date is unknown) and died the year Jane Seymour wed Henry VIII in 1536 at the age 62.
Mario Camus

Mario Camus Garcia (20 April 1935 - 18 September 2021) was a Spanish movie director and screenwriter. He won the Golden Bear for his movie La colmena. His other best works were The House of Bernarda Alba (1987) and Shadows in a Conflict (1993).
Camus died on 18 September 2021 in Santander, Spain at the age of 86.
National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain

The National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain (NYO) is an orchestra for young musicians in the United Kingdom. The members of the orchestra are all aged between 13 and 19 years. It is a very large orchestra with about 150 players. Children who want to play in the National Youth Orchestra have to be able to play their instrument very well. They need to be at least Grade 8 Distinction standard and they need to be very good at sightreading so that they can learn very quickly. They have to pass an audition to get a place in the orchestra. These auditions take place in the autumn in several towns in Britain.
The National Youth Orchestra was started in 1947 by Ruth Railton (later Dame Ruth King). The current director is Sarah Alexander.
The orchestra meet three times a year during the school holidays at New Year, Easter and Summer for about two weeks. They rehearse very hard together and then give one or two concerts in famous concert halls in Britain such as Barbican Hall in London, Symphony Hall in Birmingham, Bridgewater Hall in Manchester, St David's Hall in Cardiff and Glasgow Royal Concert Hall in Glasgow. Every year they play in a Promenade Concert in the Royal Albert Hall. In 2007 they played the Leningrad Symphony by Shostakovich at the Proms. In June that year they played at the Glastonbury Festival. The trumpeters and drummers woke people up with Aaron Copland's Fanfare for the Common Man In April 2008 the NYO played Stravinsky's Rite of Spring in Birmingham Symphony Hall, and in August they will play at the Snape Maltings and at the BBC Proms conducted by Antonio Pappano with the pianist Boris Berezovsky as soloist.
The concerts are always conducted by famous conductors. Usually the famous conductor will come to rehearse the orchestra for the last few days of the course.
During their courses they also have time to play chamber music together. They are taught by teachers who are famous musicians. Some of them are young composers who are learning to compose music. They are taught by the composer Paul Patterson. The musicians also have time to explore music from other cultures.
The NYO also has Open Days for slightly younger children to explore music.
Matthew P. Kennedy

Matthew P. "Pat" Kennedy (28 January 1908 - 16 June 1957) was an American basketball referee. He was known for his emphatic, theatrical style. Kennedy is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.
The Ren & Stimpy Show

The Ren and Stimpy Show is an American surrealist black comedy situation comedy cartoon created by John Kricfalusi, which aired from 1991 to 1999. The main characters are Ren Hoek (John Kricfalusi, and (later) Billy West), a chihuahua, and Stimpson J. Cat (Billy West) (Stimpy for short).
The show premiered on Nickelodeon on Sunday, August 11, 1991, and aired new episodes on the channel from 1991 to 1996.
The series ended on October 20, 1996, with the episodes "Sammy and Me" and "Last Temptation".
It was also shown on MTV, and was shown in other countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and most of Europe.
People who make cartoons think that Ren and Stimpy is famous because of its classic cartoonish style and gross humor that is different from other animated shows at the time, and then became a cult following. John Kricfalusi got fired after only one year of working on his show. He did not send his work on time and often fought with his friends at Nickelodeon, so they fired him. He made other shows but none were as popular as Ren and Stimpy.
Reruns of Ren and Stimpy currently air on the Nicktoons Network.
Robert Gray (discus thrower)

Robert Gray is a former athlete from Canada. Robert competed in the men's discus throw at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Robert was born on October 5, 1956.
Dobrich

Dobrich () is a city in northeastern Bulgaria and is the capital of Dobrich Province. It is the ninth-largest city by population of the country. In 2019, 83,584 people lived here.
The city is 30 km west of the Black Sea coast, not far from resorts such as Albena, Balchik and Golden Sands.
112 (emergency telephone number)

The telephone number 1-1-2 (or 112) is the standard European Union (EU) emergency telephone number, it works in every country of the EU, for land lines and mobile phones. It is also used in some other countries as an emergency telephone number for both mobile and fixed-line telephones.
Rotherhithe

Rotherhithe () is a residential district in south east London. It is part of the London Borough of Southwark. Historically, the area was the most northeastern settlement in the county of Surrey. It is located on a peninsula on the South Bank of the River Thames and is a part of the Docklands area. It borders Bermondsey to the west and Deptford to the south east and faces Wapping and the Isle of Dogs on the north bank of the river.
The Rotherhithe Tunnel is a road tunnel under the River Thames. It connects Limehouse in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets north of the river to Rotherhithe south of the river. A road runs through it called the A101. It was opened in 1908. It is a rare example of a road tunnel where road traffic, pedestrians and cyclists all share the same tunnel. Transport for London took over ownership and maintenance of the tunnel in 2001.
Luxembourgish Americans

Luxembourgish Americans are Americans of Luxembourgish ancestry. The United States 2000 Census said that there were 45,139 Americans of Luxembourgish descent. In 1940 there were 100,000 Americans with Luxembourgish ancestry.
The first families from Luxembourg went to the United States around 1842. They left because of the overpopulation and economic change in Luxembourg.
Most Luxembourgish Americans live in the Midwest. This was where most of them settled in the nineteenth century. In 2000, the states with the largest Luxembourgish American populations were Illinois (6,963), Wisconsin (6,580), Minnesota (5,867), Iowa (5,624), and California (2,824).
Here I Stand (Usher album)

Here I Stand is the fifth album by R&B singer Usher, released on 27 May 2008.
Doboj

Doboj () is a city in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is on the banks of Bosna river. As of 2013, 71,441 people lived there.
Osthoffen

Osthoffen is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Cantoira

Cantoira is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Klaus Huhn

Klaus Huhn (24 February 1928 - 20 January 2017) was a German sports journalist, writer and sports administrator. Huhn worked for the East German mass-market daily newspaper, Neues Deutschland, and was chairman of the Sports Journalists Sub-Association within that country's important Union of Journalists. He was born in Berlin.
Huhn died on 20 January 2017 in Berlin, aged 88.
1932 Winter Olympics

The 1932 Winter Olympics, officially known as the III Olympic Winter Games, were held in 1932 in Lake Placid, New York, United States. The games started on February 4 1932. The 1932 Winter Olympic Games were going to be in Big Pines, California, but because of poor snow conditions, the games were moved to Lake Placid.
Geoffrey Prior

Sir Geoffrey Prior (1896-1972) was the first Chief commissioner of Balochistan (Pakistan) from 15 August 1947 to 3 October 1947.
Begnins

Begnins is a municipality in Nyon, in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Romford

Romford is a town in Essex. It is in the London Borough of Havering, England. It was first recorded as a town in 1153 in the Red Book of the Exchequer. The name "Romford" means "wide ford". The stream that flows through it was only later called "the Rom River" after the town.
In medieval times, this town was granted the right to have the only market for 6 2/3 miles around. This rule was used in the 1990s to stop a nearby town, Ilford, from opening a market nearby.. Romford had a brewery which now is an entertainment venue.
Karl von Habsburg

Karl von Habsburg (Karl Thomas Robert Maria Franziskus Georg Bahnam; born 11 January 1961), also known as Karl of Austria and referred to by his ancestral titles as Archduke of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia, is an Austrian politician, the current head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He was a Member of the European Parliament for the Austrian People's Party 1996-1999.
Like his father, he is known as a supporter for the Pan-European movement.
In March 2020, during the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, he tested positive for the virus.
Tommy Allsup

Thomas Douglas Allsup (November 24, 1931 - January 11, 2017) was an American rockabilly and country swing guitarist.
Allsup was born near Owasso, Oklahoma in 1931. He was an enrolled member of the Cherokee Nation.
He worked with entertainers such as Buddy Holly and Bob Wills & His Texas Playboys. Allsup was touring with Holly, Ritchie Valens and J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson when he lost a fateful coin toss with Valens for a seat on the plane that crashed, killing Valens, Holly and Richardson on February 3, 1959.
Allsup died on January 11, 2017 at his home in Springfield, Missouri of complications from hernia surgery. He was 85 years old.
Perquimans County, North Carolina

Perquimans County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 13,453 people lived there. Its county seat is Hertford.
Benrath

Benrath is a part of Dusseldorf. It belongs to Dusseldorf since 1929.
History
The name Benrath came from the "Knights of Benrode".
Benrath was mentioned for the first time in 1222.
The first church of Benrath was built in 1002.
In the 14th century Benrode belonged to the Counts of Berg.
Benrath was a village.
In the time of Industrial Revolution Benrath lied next to an important railway connection.
Benrath grew very fast in that time.
In 1929 Benrath became a part of Dusseldorf.
Benrath today
Benrath is in the South of Dusseldorf. It has an area of 5.90 km2 and 15,900 inhabitants.
There is a railway station in Benrath (Benrath Railway Station). Until the 1980s, some long distance trains stopped in Benrath.
It is still a regional station.
The Benrath line
In the German language the Benrath line is the border line between the Northern German and the Southern German idiom.
The Benrath Castle
The Benrath Castle is one of the largest castles from baroque time in Germany.
In the castle there is a museum.
The park of the castle is very famous, too.
Survivor Series (1993)

Survivor Series (1994) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on November 24, 1993 at Boston Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. It was the seventh Survivor Series event held by the WWF.
The Commitments (movie)

The Commitments is a 1991 Irish British American musical comedy-drama movie directed by Alan Parker and is based on the 1987 novel of the same name by Roddy Doyle. It starring Robert Arkins, Michael Aherne, Angeline Ball, Maria Doyle, Dave Finnegan, Bronagh Gallagher, Felim Gormley, Glen Hansard, Dick Massey, Johnny Murphy, Kenneth McCluskey, Andrew Strong and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Baby Got Back

"Baby Got Back" is a 1992 hip hop song by Sir Mix-A-Lot. The song is about larger than normal buttocks. At the time of its release, some found the lyrics objectionable.
At the beginning of the song, two girls are talking. One says: "Oh my God, Becky. Look at her butt!"
The video of the song was banned by MTV for a short time.
The song was #1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.
In late January 2013, a preview of the show Glee included a cover of "Baby Got Back". Jonathan Coulton claimed Glee copied his version of the song.
Moolaadé

Moolaade ("magical protection") is a 2004 Senegalese Burkinabe Moroccan Tunisian Cameroonian French drama movie directed by Ousmane Sembene and starring Fatoumata Coulibaly, Maimouna Helene Diarra, Salimata Traore, Dominique T. Zeida, Mah Compaore, Aminata Dao, Rasmane Ouedraogo, Ousmane Konate, Bakaramoto Sanogo, Modibo Sangare.
Geltwil

Geltwil is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Hans Blix

Hans Martin Blix (born 28 June 1928) is a Swedish politician, civil servant, educator, activist, businessman, diplomat, and chief executive.
He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs for Sweden from 1978 to 1979. He was one of the first Swedish representatives to inspect the Chernobyl disaster in the Soviet Union.
Blix was born on 28 June 1928 in Uppsala, Sweden. He studied at Uppsala University, Columbia University, University of Cambridge and at Stockholm University.
Prime Minister of Malta

The Prime Minister of Malta () is the Head of Government, which is the highest official of Malta. The office of "Head of Ministry" was created as soon as Malta was granted autonomous government in 1921.
Appointment
The President of Malta, who heads the Executive branch, appoints the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister advises the President on the appointment of the other Ministers.
Role
As minister in his own right the Prime Minister is responsible for a number of departments of government. The Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) has been based at the Auberge de Castille in Valletta since 1972, playing a central role in decision-making apart from being the administrative headquarters of the Government.
Lolicon

, is a slang word for the phrase "Lolita complex". In Japan, the word explains a hebephilic desire for drawings of teenage or prepubescent, or a young girl who desires other girls. Outside Japan, the word is less common. It denotes a genre of manga and anime in which young female characters are shown in a sexual way. The word is a reference to Vladimir Nabokov's book, Lolita. In the book, a middle-aged man sexually desires a 12-year-old girl.
Some people claim that lolicon adds to actual sexual abuse of children, while others claim that there is no facts that show this, or that facts show the opposite. Countries have tried to make lolicon that shows children naked or having sex illegal as a type of child pornography.
One of the few that has made it actually illegal is the United Kingdom where the possession of lolicon pornography is illegal. These laws have been criticised heavily, and charges of lolicon child porn tend not to stick, because a judge reasons that no real children were harmed to make it and posses it and therefore it is not worth conviction, or because the harm that will be caused by giving the person a jail sentence is considered disproportionate to their charges.
The boy version is called Shotacon.
Mycenae

Mycenae (Greek Mykenai or Mykene), is an archaeological site in Greece. It is about 90 km south-west of Athens, in the north-eastern Peloponnese.
In the second millennium BC, Mycenae was one of the most important centers of early Greek civilization with a strong army. The time of Greek history from about 1600 BC to about 1100 BC is called Mycenaean Greece.
People
The Mycenaeans of Greece had learned many things from other lands. By 1400 B.C., they were known for their art, literature, and philosophy. Their most important city, Mycenae (mi see' nee), was just north of what later became Corinth.
In 1300 BC the king built a wall 23 ft wide and 60 ft high. The stone blocks used were very big. A corbel arch, where each stone hung a little further beyond the one below, was used. A triangle was also used to support it. The Lion Gate, the main gate of the wall and an example of a corbel arch, is still admired today.
The common people went inside the palace walls in times of danger but at other times lived in their own houses. Their houses were shaped like deep rectangles with flat roofs and front porches. People worked at many different jobs. They were cooks, doctors, carpenters, tailors, woodcutters, and makers of textiles. The Mycenaeans grew many things and kept animals like oxen, sheep, pigs, and goats. They also built good roads and bridges. Their army was strong. Spears and javelins have been found, and also many swords, big and small. Their edge and point were used.
Decline and collapse
By 1200 BC the power of Mycenae was declining. The eventual destruction of Mycenae was part of the general Bronze Age collapse in the Greek mainland and beyond. Within a short period all the palaces of southern Greece were burnt, including that at Mycenae. The cause or causes of the Bronze Age collapse are not known for sure.
Religion
For their worship of gods, these people made shrines. Poseidon was worshiped as a chief deity, and the "protector of the sky" was Zeus. They also worshipped Apollo, Artemis, Hera and many others of the Greek religion.
Willis Reed

Willis Reed Jr. (June 25, 1942 - March 21, 2023) was an American basketball player, coach and general manager. He spent his entire professional playing career (1964-1974) with the New York Knicks. In 1982, Reed was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. In 1996 he was voted one of the "50 Greatest Players in NBA History".
Gwalior

Gwalior is a city in Madhya Pradesh, India. One of the prominent landmarks of Gwalior is Gwalior Fort of the Tomara dynasty.
Germany's Next Topmodel (season 8)

Germany's Next Topmodel, Cycle 8 is the eighth and current season of Germany's Next Topmodel. This cycle includes 20 contestants. The winner was 16-year old Lovelyn Enebechi.
Theresa Russell

Theresa Russell (born March 20, 1957 in San Diego) is an American actress. She has done many movies. Some of the better-known ones are The Last Tycoon (1976), Black Widow (1987) and Spider-Man 3 (2007).
Russell was married to British movie director Nicolas Roeg (born 1928) from 1982 until they divorced.
Wheatland, Iowa

Wheatland is a city in Clinton County, Iowa, United States.
List of historians by continent

This is a list of historians. It is sorted by continent.
Africa
Egypt
Samir Farid, d. in 2017
Manetho, lived in the early 3rd century BC
Morocco
Ibn Khaldun, d. in 1406
Abdelhadi Tazi, was a Moroccan ambassador; d. in 2015
South Africa
Karel Schoeman, he won the Hertzog Prize for prose; d. in 2017
Tunisia
Ibn Khaldun, d. in 1406
Mohamed Talbi, chief of the Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts; awarded Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honour of France; he died in 2017.
After Earth

After Earth is a 2013 American action adventure science fiction movie that M. Night Shyamalan made with Will Smith. Columbia Pictures produced it.
Plot
1,000 years in the future, astronauts from another planet (played by Will Smith and his son Jaden Smith) go back to Earth for some reason. Their space ship wrecks and Will Smith gets hurt, so Jaden Smith then has to go signal for help. There are also really mean aliens that are trying to kill Jaden Smith. Will and Jaden hope to eventually escape and go back to their alien planet.
Cast
Will Smith as Cypher Raige
Jaden Smith as Kitai Raige
Isabelle Fuhrman as Rayna
Kristofer Hivju as Security Chief
Gabriel Caste as Ranger
Zoe Kravitz as Senshi Raige
Sophie Okonedo as Faia Raige
David Denman as McQuarrie
Lincoln Lewis as Bo
Production
M. Night Shyamalan started filming After Earth in February 2012. Before that, Gary Whitta wrote the first script, then M. Night Shyamalan rewrote it, then Stephen Gaghan improved M. Night Shyamalan's script at the end of 2011. M. Night Shyamalan filmed most of the movie in Costa Rica, California, and Pennsylvania.
Sudetenland

The Sudetenland was a mountainous area of Czechoslovakia. The name comes from the Sudetes, a mountain range, but it was also used for other places in Bohemia in which mostly-German people lived. They wanted their homes to be part of Germany, not Czechoslovakia. Nazi Germany took small parts of the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia in September 1938. After the Munich Agreement, they took the rest of Sudetenland, which contributed to the start of World War II.
Tom McNeeley

Thomas William McNeeley, Jr. (February 27, 1937 - October 25, 2011) was a professional boxer. He was son of Tom McNeeley, Sr., who was also a professional boxer. McNeeley attended Michigan State University where he played football.
His first professional fight was on July 17, 1958. He fought 25 times without losing. On December 4, 1961, McNeeley fought Floyd Patterson for the World Heavyweight Championship. Patterson retained his title. McNeeley retired after a June 14, 1966 fight. He later served on the Massachusetts Boxing Commission for eight years. He was also a U.S. Marshall. Later, he worked in the athletic department of the Massachusetts prison system and as a counselor for state employees.
McNeeley's son, Peter McNeeley was also a professional boxer. Peter fought Mike Tyson.
Human rights in Chad

Human rights in Chad have been described as "poor". Freedom House has designated the country as "Not Free." Chad received a score of 7 for political rights and 6 for civil liberties (with 1 being the most free, 7 being the least free).
Sexual orientation
Article 350(i) of the Penal Code provides imprisonment of ten to twenty years when the rape is committed because of the sexual orientation of the victim.
Islam in England

Islam is the second largest religion in England, after Christianity. Most Muslims are immigrants of South Asian descent (from countries such as Pakistan, India, Bangladesh), or descendants of the early immigrants from those places. Other large number of Muslims do come from Muslim-dominated regions such as Afghanistan, the Middle East, Malaysia, Nigeria, Somalia, and some places in Africa. White European Muslims in the UK are mostly of Slavic and Balkan descent (from countries such as Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Russia, etc).
Grupo Clarín

Grupo Clarin S.A. (English: Clarin Group) is the largest media conglomerate in Argentina.
This group was officially formed in 1999, it includes, among other media, the daily Clarin (the newspaper with the largest circulation in Latin America), the company Artear, which operates and markets the television network El Trece based in Buenos Aires, the news channel Todo Noticias and the cable operator Cablevision, along with dozens of companies such as publishing houses, radio and television stations, television production companies, Internet providers, telecommunications, graphic printers, traditional mail and outsourcing services.
Muscogee

The Muscogee or Mvskoke, Muscogee Creek are a Native American people from the Southeastern Woodlands. Today this is Tennessee, Alabama, western Georgia and northern Florida. Their languages are Muscogee, Mvskoke and Hitchiti-Mikasuki. The languages are part of the Muscogean language family. The Seminole people come from the Muscogee tribes. The Muscogee historically formed the Muscogee Confederacy.
Social Structure
The Muscogee Confederacy included several Upper Towns and several Lower Towns. Abihka, Coosa, Tuckabutche, and Coweta were the four earliest towns.
The Muscogee Confederacy had particular social structure. The social unit was the town (idalwa). The mico was village chief and most important man. Micos were warriors. Micalgi were lower chiefs. The heniha was second in charge. The tustunnuggee were ranked warriors. The clan was another social group. They dealt with land, hunts, marriages and crimes.
History
Early Muscogee were part of the Mississippian culture. They built cities and were mound builders. Notable mound sites are the Ocmulgee, Etowah Indian Mounds, and Moundville sites.
Spanish were early Europeans to meet the Muscogee in the 16th century.
Natives had interpretations for two special events. One was the Great Comet of 1811. The other was the 1812 New Madrid Earthquake. Many thought the events meant that they should support the Shawnee.
There was conflict between the Upper and Lower Towns of the Muscogee. This eventually lead to the Red Stick War (Creek War, 1813-1814). It was connected to the War of 1812. Europeans also got involved in the war. Shawnee leader Tecumseh led the Northern towns. They lost against the Southern Muscogee and General Andrew Jackson. In 1814, the Muscogee signed the Treaty of Fort Jackson. They had to give up a lot of land. The Muscogee spread out to different regions after this. Several went to Florida.
In Florida, Andrew Jackson attacked the Seminole in 1817. The Natives had been raiding towns. The Seminole lost and many moved inland.
The Muscogee were forced to leave their homes during the Trail of Tears in the 1830s. Most went to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). Some remaining Muscogee moved to Florida and formed the Seminole. Also many of these Seminole were forced to leave. Some moved south to the Everglades.
The Muscogee were considered part of the so-called "Five Civilized Tribes". The Europeans saw how technologically advanced these natives were and thought they were civilized.
Opothleyahola was a chief of the Muscogee during the American Civil War. He wanted that the Muscogee stay neutral. Later they supported the Union and blacks.
Almere

Almere is a municipality in the Netherlands (no city rights).
It is in the province of Flevoland and nearby Amsterdam and has about 215,000 people (2021).
Diora Baird

Diora Baird (born April 6, 1983) is an American actress and former model. She played Vivian in Wedding Crashers. She also played Tiffany in the movie Fifty Pills (2006).
Baird was born in Miami, Florida.
Wladyslaw I of Poland

Wladyslaw I of Poland (1261 2 March 1333) was the ruler who united Polish lands into one state at the beginning of 14th century.
Biography
Wladyslaw was born probably in 1261. He was a son of duke Casimir of Kuyavia. He was the step-brother of duke Leszek the Black. He was called Lokietek, that means "the Short" or "Elbow-high".
At the time of his birth Poland was divided into many independent states. For years Wladyslaw struggled to unite Poland into one strong state. He was at war with a powerful king of Bohemia, Wenceslaus II. His lands were also in danger of the Teutonic Knights who had seized the town of Gdansk. Despite all odds, Wladyslaw united Greater Poland and lesser Poland and was crowned in 1320.
He had still to fight in defence of the country. In 1331 he defeated the Teutonic knights in the battle at Plowce. He was seventy then. He died two years later. His only son, Casimir III of Poland, succeeded him. Wladyslaw I was buried in the cathedral at Wawel Castle.
An anecdote
At the time of Wladyslaw's reign many Germans lived in Polish towns. They opposed him and rioted against him. After the riot of Lord Mayor Albert Wladyslaw ordered his soldiers to expel all Germans from the town. One of them asked Wladyslaw, how to recognise a German. The duke ordered them to make everyone speak aloud the words Soczewica, kolo, miele, mlyn (that means Lentil, wheel, grinds, mill). A man who could not speak it correctly was regarded as a German.
Alexander Tolmer

Alexander Tolmer (1815--1890) was the man in charge of the South Australian police force. Born in England to French parents, he studied to be a teacher of languages. He joined the army and saw action in Portugal from 1826--1833 during the civil war. Tolmer moved to South Australia in 1836, where Governor George Gawler thought his background in the cavalry would make him the right person to set up a group of mounted police.
In 1852 Tolmer became the police commissioner. He led a group of police from South Australia to the Victorian gold fields and escorted a load of gold back to Adelaide.
In 1856 after a number of small arguments with his offices, Tolmer was removed as commissioner. He tried farming, but this was unsuccessful. He tried to lead an exploring group to cross Australia from south to north, but this also failed before it left Adelaide. He became a ranger for crown lands in 1862 and retired in 1885. He died at Mitcham, South Australia, on 7 March 1890.
Pedipalp

Pedipalps are the two appendages on the front of a spider's head. Other arachnids, and chelicerates that are not arachnids also have pedipalps. Some spiders seem to have ten legs and not eight, because these pedipalps look like an extra pair of legs. The pedipalps are used rather like arms. Spiders often use them to hold insects (for example crickets) for them to eat.
Male spiders also use pedipalps for mating. The male spiders make some silk, put sperm onto the silk, and then put their pedipalps into the sperm. The pedipalps then hold the sperm, and the spider can use it to mate with a female by putting them inside her epigynum.
Diversity of pedipalps
The pedipalps of all chelicerates vary: Ricinulei, Thelyphonida, Amblypygi, some Opiliones, Schizomida, scorpions and pseudoscorpions all have theirs as pincers, with the Amblypygi's being their entire pedipalps shaped like mantids. The Palpigradi's pedipalps have some of the strangest roles of arachnids as they use theirs for locomotion. The pedipalps of Solifugae act as antennae.
Injil

The Injil (, alternative spellings: Ingil or Injeel) is the Arabic word for the Gospel. Muslims believe the Injil is to be followed, but has been corrupted over time. Muslims believe the Qur'an is the true successor.
Kalani Hilliker

Kalani Brooke Hilliker (born September 23, 2000) is an American dancer, fashion designer, model and actress. She became famous in 2013 on the Lifetime reality series Abby's Ultimate Dance Competition. Sne later appeared on Dance Moms. She was a regular cast member from 2014 to 2017.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic medical problem involving the part of the body which runs from the mouth to the stomach.
The problem exists when stomach contents move backwards towards the mouth. Food or liquid moves from the stomach into the tube between the mouth and the stomach. That tube is called the oesophagus.
The burning sensation is commonly called "heartburn," but it has nothing to do with the heart.