kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Bolivia

Bolivia , officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a country in South America. It is land locked by Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Peru, and Chile. Luis Alberto Arce Catacora became the president of Bolivia in November 2020.
The population of Bolivia is 11.51 million (2019).
Bolivia is named after Simon Bolivar. The main languages are Spanish and Quechua, but there are other languages too.
History
Bolivia used to be a colony of Spain. The silver mines in Bolivia made most of Spain's money, and Spain used Bolivians as slaves to work in the mines.
After many wars, Simon Bolivar helped Bolivia to be an independent country.
Geography
Bolivia is 424,135 mi2 (1,098,581 km2). This means that Bolivia is the world's 28th-largest country (after Ethiopia). It is the same sort of size as Mauritania.
Bolivia is a landlocked nation, which means every border of Bolivia is a border with another country, and so it does not have a sea. It used to own some of the Pacific coast, but it lost it in 1879 in the War of the Pacific. The west of Bolivia is on the Andes mountain range. The highest mountain in Bolivia is called Nevado de Sajama and it is near the city of Oruro. Although this part of the country is very high with lots of mountains, there are also parts of Bolivia which are very flat, and parts of the country which are very near sea level. There is also a bit of Bolivia covered by the Amazon rainforest, and a big lake which is the highest lake in the world. This lake is called Lake Titicaca.
The major cities are La Paz, El Alto, Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Cochabamba. For other places in Bolivia see List of cities in Bolivia.
Demographics
The population of Bolivia is approximately 10,907,778 people. The ethnic composition of the country is like the following:
62%: Native American.
26%: Mestizo.
10%: White.
2%: Black
Economy
Bolivia suffers from poverty. Over 65% of the population lives below the poverty line.
Divisions
Bolivia is divided into nine departments. The departments are divided into 112 provinces. The provinces are divided into 339 municipalities and into native community lands.
Culture
Bolivian culture has many Inca, Aymara and other native influences in religion, music and clothing. There is a big festival in Oruro, which is called "El carnaval de Oruro". People in Bolivia like playing football, and football, which is often played in the street. Zoos are also very popular, but they do not have much money.
National symbols
The Cantuta (often spelled kantuta or qantuta) (Cantua buxifolia or Fuchsia buxifolia) is a flower found in the Yungas, and is the national flower of Bolivia along with the patuju (Heliconia rostrata) found in the tropical regions of Bolivia.
Evil Genius (book)

Evil Genius is a book written by Catherine Jinks in 2005. It was published by Allen & Unwin, Australia. The book is the first in a series that follows the story of Cadel Piggot.
Yuya Kubo

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kubo was born in Yamaguchi on December 24, 1993. He joined J2 League club Kyoto Sanga FC from their youth team in 2011. Kyoto won the 2nd place in the 2011 Emperor's Cup. In June 2013, he moved to Swiss Super League club Young Boys. He played for the club 104 matches and scored 26 goals. In January 2017, he moved to Belgian First Division A club Gent. He played many matches in 2 seasons. In August 2018, he moved to German Bundesliga club Nurnberg on loan. However Nurnberg was relegated to 2. Bundesliga end of the 2018/19 season. In June 2019, he returned to Gent. In January 2020, he moved to Major League Soccer club FC Cincinnati.
In 2016, Kubo played for the Japan U-23 national team at 2016 AFC U-23 Championship. Japan won the champions and qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics. However he could not participate 2016 Summer Olympics because BSC Young Boys deny his dispatch. On November 11, 2016, Kubo debuted for the Japan national team against Oman. He played 13 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 2018.
Bergshamra

Bergshamra is a locality in Norrtalje Municipality in Stockholm County in Sweden. In 2010, 749 people lived there.
Benazir Bhutto International Airport

Benazir Bhutto International Airport (), ) is the third largest airport in Pakistan that is in Rawalpindi, Punjab. The airport is actually located outside of Islamabad, in the area of Chaklala. Being the main airport for the Pakistani capital it often hosts officials and citizens from other nations. The airfield is shared with the transport and liaison squadrons of the Pakistan Air Force. The newly built Islamabad International Airport replaced it on May 2018.
Kiss Me Kosher

Kiss Me Kosher (alternate title: Kiss Me Before It Blows Up ) is a 2020 German-Israeli movie. It was directed and scripted by Shirel Peleg.
Basis
The story is based on the true-life love story of Peleg and her partner. The movie is Peleg's first as a director.
Plot
While on vacation in Israel, Maria, a German biologist, meets the bar owner Shira and falls in love with her. Shortly after the end of the vacation, Maria has decided to stay in Israel and move in with Shira, when a misunderstanding happens and Shira believes she is being given a wedding proposal. Many complications arise. It is not only about the initial mistaken engagement but also the fact that some members of Shira's family (especially her grandmother Berta) are opposed to her marrying a German.
After hearing about the engagement, Maria's parents soon appear in Israel, and two different family worlds collide in Jerusalem.
Background and Production
Kiss Me Kosher was mostly filmed in Tel Aviv, but with some shooting in Jerusalem.
The movie was first released in Germany and Austria, and later in Switzerland in late 2020. It has since been show in several international film festivals.
Moment of inertia factor

The moment of inertia factor is a dimensionless quantity where the mass distributes inside a planet or satellite. The moment of inertia factor is defined as ,
Physics
Midland, Maryland

Midland is a town in Allegany County, Maryland, United States.
Lee Latchford-Evans

Lee Latchford-Evans (born on the 28th of January 1975) is an English singer, dancer, stage actor and one of the five singers of the British pop group Steps.
Moreauville, Louisiana

Moreauville is a village in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Sooner or Later

"Sooner or Later" is a jazz ballad sung by Madonna. It is from the soundtrack of the movie Dick Tracy. The song was released in 1990. It won an Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 1991 Academy Awards. Several other musicians have covered this song.
1990 songs
Pop songs
Jazz songs
Madonna (entertainer) songs
Mario Teaches Typing

Mario Teaches Typing is an educational video game created by Interplay Entertainment. The title was sold only in the United States in 1992 and later in the UK in 1993. The game is designed to teach players how to type.
Ratings
Steve Fountain from the Evening Sentinel reviewed the CD-ROM/Windows version of the game, saying that "Mario Teaches Typing is less fun than a normal computer game, but a whole lot better than ploughing through a dull typing manual" (simple words: Mario Teaches Typing is not as fun as a normal computer game, but much better than reading through a boring keyboard instruction book).
Sales
The game sold more than 800,000 copies.
Pataudi (princely state)

Pataudi state was a small Princely state in India, established in 1804. It has an area of 52 square miles. In 1947 it became part of India. The capital Pataudi, is in present-day Haryana.
River of No Return

River of No Return is a 1954 American western movie directed by Otto Preminger and Jean Negulesco. It stars Robert Mitchum, Marilyn Monroe, Tommy Rettig, Rory Calhoun and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Neufraunhofen

Neufraunhofen is a municipality in Landshut in Bavaria in Germany.
Bergmann's rule

Bergmann's rule is an ecogeographic principle. It states that, within a widely distributed group of animals, the larger ones are found in colder environments, and the smaller ones are found in warmer regions.
So, for example, with bears the largest member is the polar bear, and the smallest members are found in subtropical areas (panda). The largest tiger is the Siberian tiger. Large mammals of the late ice age were in general larger than their descendants today.
The rule is named after nineteenth-century German biologist Carl Bergmann, who described the pattern in 1847, though he was not the first to notice it. Bergmann's rule appears to hold true for many mammals and birds, but there are exceptions.
Although originally put in terms of species, it seems to apply to populations within a species. Bergmann's rule is most often applied to mammals and birds which are endotherms, but some researchers have also found evidence for the rule in studies of ectothermic species.
In addition to being a general pattern across space, Bergmann's rule has been reported in extinct populations from the fossil record. In particular, reversible dwarfing of mammals happened during two extremely warm but rather brief times in the Palaeogene.
Ford Beebe

Ford Ingalsbe Beebe (November 26, 1888 - November 26, 1978) was a screenwriter and movie director. He was the son of Oscar and Mary Ingalsbe Beebe. He began writing for the movies about 1916. Over the next 60 years, he wrote and/or directed almost 200 movies. He made B-movies (mostly Westerns) and movie serials. He worked on the Buck Rogers and Flash Gordon serials starring Buster Crabbe, and on the 12 Bomba movies starring Johnny Sheffield.
Résigny

Resigny is a commune. It is found in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Werner Scholl

Werner Scholl (1922-1944) was the brother of Hans Scholl and Sophie Scholl. Like his siblings, Werner joined the Hitler Youth when Hitler came to power. In 1936, Werner, Sophie, and their sister Inge were arrested by the Gestapo. After being held for a few weeks, Werner was released, but the imprisonment left a mark on him.
Life
In the Summer of 1939, Werner became the first member of the Scholl family to make an open resistance to the Nazi regime. He resigned from the Hitler Youth, a decision that barred him from being able to take the Arbitur (The test to be able to enter a University). Werner also climbed on top of the statue of Justice at the Courtroom in Ulm to blindfold the Lady of Justice with a swastika flag.
In 1942, Werner was sent out to the Russian front, where, by chance, he was stationed near Hans. The two were able to see each other fairly often.
White Rose
In February 1943, Werner was given a leave to go home to Ulm. When he came home, he found out that Sophie and Hans had been captured by the Gestapo. Along with his parents, Werner travelled to Munich for the trial, storming into the courtroom just as Roland Freisler was about to give the verdict. After a brief stand-off, the Scholl parents were removed from the room. Because Werner had an army uniform on, he was able to melt into the crowd and be there when the judge announced the verdict: guilty. As those in the courtroom got up to leave, Werner was able to push his way up to see Hans and Sophie one last time. Werner grabbed their hands. Tears welled in his eyes as Hans said to him, "Stay strong. Make no concessions!"
After his leave was up, Werner was stationed back at Russia. In the middle of 1944, Werner was classified as Missing in Action. He was 22.
Auterive, Haute-Garonne

Auterive (; ) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
Ilf and Petrov Rode a Tram

Ilf and Petrov Rode a Tram () is a 1972 Soviet comedy movie directed by Viktor Titov. It stars Innokenty Smoktunovsky, Vladimir Basov, and Svetlana Starikova.
Fatin Shidqia

Fatin Shidqia Lubis (born in Jakarta, 30 July 1996) is an Indonesia singer. She won the talent show X Factor Indonesia.
Wadena County, Minnesota

Wadena County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2020, 14,065 people lived there. The county seat is Wadena.
Anwar Choudhury

Anwar Bakht Choudhury (; born 15 June 1959) is a British diplomat. He was Governor of the Cayman Islands from March 2018 until he was recalled in June 2018 after less than three months in post.
Atlantic salmon

The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a fish in the family Salmonidae. Atlantic salmon are found in the northern Atlantic Ocean and in rivers that flow into the north Atlantic. They have also been successfully transplanted into the north Pacific Ocean. Other names for Atlantic salmon are: bay salmon, black salmon, caplin-scull salmon, Sebago salmon, silver salmon, fiddler, or outside salmon. Atlantic salmon that do not reach the sea are known as landlocked salmon or ouananiche. This can be due to human interference or natural disasters.
Life cycle
Most Atlantic salmon follow an anadromous life cycle. Once hatched, they are called alevins. They live off the nutrients in their yolk sac they were born with. Once they start feeding they are called fry. They grow into juveniles or parr and remain in fresh water for a number of years while growing. When they leave fresh water they are called smolts. Smolts leave the streams and move into the ocean for feeding and growth. The post-smolts change from territorial behavior to that of open ocean, possibly shoaling, fish. Their mortality rate while in the ocean is very high. The rate is from 90% to as high as 99%. After 1-5 years at sea they return to spawn in the same streams they were born in. Unlike most Pacific salmon species, the Atlantic salmon are iteroparous, meaning they don't automatically die after their first spawning. But the stress of spawning, predators, exhaustion or disease does kill many. The remainder return to sea to spawn again and again.
There is variety in the life cycle of Atlantic salmon. They do not require salt water. Numerous examples of fully fresh water landlocked Atlantic salmon exist throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In North America, the landlocked fish are called ouananiche. Fresh water Atlantic salmon are smaller than the anadromous (ocean-dwelling) Atlantic salmon.
European Communities

The European Communities (EC), were three international organizations. These were the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC), and the European Economic Community (EEC). In 1993, the European Union was formed by the Maastricht Treaty.
Upper Marlboro, Maryland

Upper Marlboro, officially the Town of Upper Marlboro, is the seat of Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The population within the town limits was 631 at the 2010 U.S. Census.
Luis Eduardo Aute

Luis Eduardo Aute Gutierrez (13 September 1943 - 4 April 2020) was a Spanish singer-songwriter, movie director, actor, sculptor, writer and painter. He was known for his 1993 album Mano a Mano. He starred in the 1977 movie In Memoriam.
Aute died on 4 April 2020 in Madrid at the age of 76.
G20 developing nations

The G20 (Group of 20, also variously G21, G22 and G20+) is a bloc of developing nations established on 20 August 2003. Distinct and separate from the G-20 major economies, the group emerged at the 5th Ministerial WTO conference, held in Cancun, Mexico, from 10 September to 14 September 2003. The G-20 accounts for 60% of the world's population, 70% of its farmers and 26% of world's agricultural exports. In 2008 the group had 23 members.
Antonio Cesaro

Claudio Castagnoli (born December 27, 1980), is a Swiss professional wrestler. He currently wrestles for All Elite Wrestling (AEW). He is best known for his time working for the WWE. He wrestled there using the ring name Cesaro. He was also known by former ring name Antonio Cesaro. He previously wrestled for many different independent promotions. These include Chikara, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, Ring of Honor and Pro Wrestling Noah.
While in Ring of Honor, he was a two-time ROH World Tag Team Champion with tag team partner Chris Hero. Their tag team name was the Kings of Wrestling. They were champions for 364 days. That is the longest time anyone has been tag champions in the company's history. He was also a member of the team Swiss Money Holding, with Ares. In tag team competition, he won the Chikara Campeonatos de Parejas twice, the JCW Tag Team Championship once, and the CZW World Tag Team Championship twice.
In the WWE, he is a one-time WWE United States Champion and was the winner of the Andre the Giant Memorial Trophy battle royal at WrestleMania XXX.
Championships
Chikara
Chikara Campeonatos de Parejas (two times) (with Chris Hero (one) and Ares (one))
King of Trios (2010) (with Ares and Tursas)
Tag World Grand Prix (2005) (with Arik Cannon)
Tag World Grand Prix (2006) (with Chris Hero)
Torneo Cibernetico (2007)
Cleveland All-Pro Wrestling
CAPW Unified Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Combat Zone Wrestling
CZW World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Chris Hero)
Last Team Standing (2006) (with Chris Hero)
German Stampede Wrestling
GSW Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Ares)
Juggalo Championship Wrestling
JCW Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Chris Hero)
International Pro Wrestling: United Kingdom
IPW: UK Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Ares)
Independent Wrestling Association: Switzerland
IWA Switzerland World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Guerrilla
PWG World Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #18 of the top 500 singles wrestlers by PWI in the PWI 500 in 2013.
Pavarolo

Pavarolo is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Bazita Peak TV Tower

Bazita Peak TV Tower is a broadcasting tower in Zalaegerszeg, Hungary. The TV tower has a antenna on the top and an observation level up the structure. The Alps can be seen from the observation deck. It was built in 1975.
Division of Darling Downs

The Division of Darling Downs was an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was one of the original 75 divisions for the first Australian election in 1901. It was named for the Darling Downs region of Queensland. It included the city of Toowoomba and surrounding rural areas.
Members
Its famous members included Sir Littleton Groom, Cabinet minister and Speaker, and Arthur Fadden, Prime Minister of Australia in 1941.
The electorate's first member, William Henry Groom, died at the first Commonwealth Parliament meeting in Melbourne in 1901. His death led to Australia's first by-election, which was won by his son Littleton. The seat was abolished in 1984, largely being replaced by the Division of Groom.
Sam Glanzman

Samuel Joseph "Sam" Glanzman (December 5, 1924 - July 12, 2017) was an American comics artist.
Glanzman was best known for his Charlton Comics series Hercules, about the mythological Greek demigod; his biographical war stories about his service aboard the U.S.S. Stevens for DC Comics and Marvel Comics; and the Charlton Comics Fightin' Army feature "The Lonely War of Willy Schultz", a Vietnam War-era serial about a German-American U.S. Army captain during World War II.
Glanzman died at the age of 92 on July 12, 2017 under hospice care in Brooklyn, New York after falling and undergoing surgery.
Myeloproliferative neoplasm

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of rare blood cancers in which many red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets are produced in the bone marrow.
In rare cases, some MPNs may turn into acute myeloid leukemia.
Sedevacantism

Sedevacantism is the position, held by a small group of Traditionalist Catholics, that the person in the papal see right now is not truly pope and that, for lack of a good pope, the see has been empty since the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958.
Arthur Imperatore Sr.

Arthur Edward Imperatore Sr. (July 8, 1925 - November 18, 2020) was an American businessman. He was best known as being the founder and president of the NY Waterway, a ferry service. He was born in West New York, New Jersey. He was the owner of the Colorado Rockies.
Imperatore Sr. died on November 18, 2020 in New York City at the age of 95.
Naours

Naours is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
List of Iranic dynasties and countries

This is a list of Iranic states, dynasties and empires.
Dhammapada

The Dhammapada is a Buddhist scripture which includes sayings by the Gautama Buddha himself.
Quassel

Quassel IRC, or Quassel, is an IRC client, introduced in 2008. It is released under the GNU General Public License for GNU and Unix-like operating systems, OS X, and Microsoft Windows. Since the release of Kubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope) Quassel is Kubuntu's default IRC client. Quassel uses the Qt application framework.
Kenneth Haigh

Kenneth Haigh (25 March 1931 - 4 February 2018) was an English actor. He was born in Mexborough, West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He was known for his roles in Man at the Top (1970-72) and the spin-off movie Man at the Top (1973) and as Brutus in the 1963 movie Cleopatra.
Haigh died of complications from cerebral edema on 4 February 2018 in London at the age of 86.
Megalosauridae

Megalosauridae is a monophyletic family of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs in the order Megalosauroidea. They appeared in the Middle Jurassic,
They are closely related to the family Spinosauridae. Some members of this family include Megalosaurus, Torvosaurus, Eustreptospondylus, and Afrovenator.
Megalosaurids were among the first major adaptive radiations of large theropod dinosaurs, but they became extinct by the end of the Jurassic period. They were a relatively primitive group of basal tetanurans with two main subfamilies, Megalosaurinae and Afrovenatorinae.
Brandon King

Brandon Alexander King is a cricketer from Jamaica. Brandon competed in the 2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He was born on December 16, 1994.
Vignevieille

Vignevieille is a commune of 105 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Darius Slay

Darius Demetrius Slay Jr. is an American football corner back. He plays for the Philadelphia Eagles. Slay was also a former corner back for the Detroit Lions. Slay is a 3x Pro Bowler 1x All Pro team in 2017. Darius Slay was born January 1, 1991 in Brunswick, GA.
Keibul Lamjao National Park

The Keibul Lamjao National Park is a national park in the Bishnupur district of the state of Manipur. It is 40 km2 (15.4 sq mi) in area, is the only floating national park in the world and is part of Loktak Lake.
It was declared a national park in 1986. The park was created to protect endangered species of animals, birds and plants. As of the 2020s, there are Sangai deer of Manipur, 233 species of aquatic plants, one hundred species of birds, 425 species of animals.
Fukushima United FC

is a Japanese football club which plays in J3 League.
Club name
2002-2005; Fukushima Yume Shudan
2006-2007; FC Pelada Fukushima
2008-present; Fukushima United FC
League position
2013 : Football League - 14th
2014 : J3 League - 7th
2015 : J3 League - 7th
2016 : J3 League - 14th
2017 : J3 League - 10th
2018 : J3 League - 12th
2019 : J3 League - 11th
2020 : J3 League - 13th
Haley Joel Osment

Haley Joel Osment (born April 10, 1988) is an American actor and voice artist. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He is the brother of Emily Osment. He had many television and movie roles throughout the 1990s. He is best known for starring in movies including Forrest Gump (1994) and The Sixth Sense (1999).
Freimut Duve

Freimut Duve (26 November 1936 - 3 March 2020) was a German politician and writer. He was born in Wurzburg. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He served as a member of the national Bundestag from 1980 to 1990. He was also the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media from 1998 to 2004.
Duve died in Hamburg on 3 March 2020. He was 83.
Turbotronic

Turbotronic is a joystick made by Camerica in the late 1980s. It can connect to a Nintendo Entertainment System (7 pins) or an Atari joystick port (9 pins), used with multiple Atari and Commodore home computers, game consoles and the Sega Master System.
The Turbotronic and Freedom Stick, a wireless, infrared version only for the Nintendo Entertainment System that came out in 1988, looks like the NES Advantage, released by Nintendo of America in 1987, so Nintendo sued Camerica.
It later became a new product, Supersonic the Joystick. A triangular base for right-handed and left-handed use was added, and suction cups at the bottom to keep it stable.
Freedom Stick and Supersonic the Joystick are some of the first game controllers to use infrared. Broderbund's U-Force does it with no hands.
Audi Cup 2017

The Audi Cup 2017 (the fifth edition of the Audi Cup) was a two-day football tournament in Munich, Germany. The participating teams were Bayern Munich, Atletico de Madrid, S.S.C. Napoli and Liverpool.
Walla Walla, Washington

Walla Walla is a town in Washington. It is known for its wine vineyards. It is near the Oregon state line. It is also the home to Whitman College and a state prison.
Tim Healy

Timothy Malcolm Healy (born 29 January 1952) is an English actor. He played Dennis Patterson in the ITV-BBC One comedy-drama series Auf Wiedersehen, Pet (1983-1986, 2002-2004). Other important parts for Healy were Les/Lesley Conroy in the hit ITV comedy series Benidorm (2009-2018), and Gastric in the BBC One comedy series Still Open All Hours (2014-present). He has also acted in other British television series such as Coronation Street, Emmerdale, Casualty and Waterloo Road.
Personal life
Healy married actress Denise Welch in 1988. They had two sons before divorcing in 2012; their oldest son, Matthew, is the lead singer of The 1975. Healy married Joan Anderton in 2015. He is an strong supporter of Newcastle United FC.
Helena Rakoczy

Helena Rakoczy (nee Krzynowek; 23 December 1921 - 2 September 2014), also Rakoczy or Rakoczi, was a Polish gymnast. She competed in two Summer Olympic Games: 1952 in Helsinki, Finland and 1956 in Melbourne, Australia. After a poor performance in 1952, she had a successful one in 1956, winning a bronze medal. After this, she became the most decorated gymnast from Poland.
Rakoczy was born in Krakow. In 2004, she was added to the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame.
Rakoczy died from natural causes on 2 September 2014 in Krakow, aged 92.
Priscilla Chan

Priscilla Chan (born February 24, 1985) is an American pediatrician and philanthropist. She is the wife of the co-founder and CEO of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg.
Jerry Ferrara

Jerry Charles Ferrara (born November 25, 1979) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Turtle on the HBO comedy series Entourage. He starred on the Starz drama series Power as Joe Proctor. Ferrara was born in New York City.
Henryk Samsonowicz

Henryk Bohdan Samsonowicz (January 23, 1930 - May 28, 2021) was a Polish historian. He was known for his knowledge in medieval Poland. He was also a writer, and professor of the University of Warsaw. From 1989 through 1990, he was the minister of education in the government of prime minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki.
Samsonowicz died on May 28, 2021 in Warsaw at the age of 91.
Maudétour-en-Vexin

Maudetour-en-Vexin is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
Fecund universes

Fecund universes is a multiverse theory of Lee Smolin. It relies on models of our universe and statistics from astrophysics but is more correctly a theory of cosmology.
In this theory, collapsing stars, or black holes, are always creating new universes with slightly different laws of physics. Because these laws are only slightly different, each is assumed to be like a mutation of the original universe, as if each universe was a kind of single-celled organism. It would reproduce by "splitting" in some sense.
This theory relies on many models of our universe to model these "mutated" alternative universes, the ones that Smolin supposes are generated or "spun off" by black holes.
No human can ever be part of any of these "other" universes. Observations from astrophysics can only say if the black holes exist or are common, and give some idea of how much the laws of physics can vary and still let the new universes produce new black holes.
Smolin predicts that there would be many black holes in the universe humans can see, since they are likely in a very late born universe, by simple probability. If there are many black holes, that is evidence for his theory,
As this shows, cosmology has a very different standard of evidence and burden of proof than is required for models of our universe only, which humans (using mathematics) can observe and exchange knowledge on.
It is hard to separate science from religion on such questions. It may be a simple matter of preference whether one wants to see one's universe as part of a system like biology or like mechanics - clockwork. Smolin's theory is important mostly because it challenges the mechanistic paradigm.
Even if it is wrong, it raises the idea that living beings might have to see their universe as also living to be able to understand or care about it at all. Some compare Smolin's theory to Gaia philosophy which combines biology, geology and ecology to explain the Earth, our planet, as a living thing. If both are right, humans are on a living planet in a living universe. This idea is very appealing - which does not mean it is really "right".
Pinball

Pinball is a type of arcade game. In pinball, the player tries to score points by manipulating one or more metal balls on a playfield inside a glass-covered case called a pinball machine. The main objective of the game is to score as many points as the player can. Other objectives are to play as long as possible (by earning extra balls and keeping the ball in play as long as possible) and to earn free games (known as replays).
From the 1940s through the 1970s pinball was banned in many American cities because it was thought to be a game of chance and therefore was considered gambling. The ban stopped in New York City in 1976, when Roger Sharpe, a player renowned for his talent, played so well in front of the City Council that he convinced them that pinball was indeed a game of skill, not just of luck.
Wilton, Arkansas

Wilton is a city in the US state of Arkansas. It is in Little River County.
Gotthard Base Tunnel

The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT; , , ) is a railway tunnel in Switzerland. With a route length of , it is the longest tunnel in the world. The link consists of two single-track tunnels connecting Erstfeld (Uri) with Bodio (Ticino) and passing below Sedrun (Graubunden). The main purpose of the Gotthard Base Tunnel is to increase local transport capacity through the Alpine barrier, especially for freight, notably on the Rotterdam-Basel-Genoa corridor, and more specifically to shift freight volumes from trucks to freight trains. This both significantly reduces the danger of fatal road crashes involving trucks, and reduces the environmental damage caused by heavy trucks. The tunnel provides a faster connection between the canton of Ticino and the rest of Switzerland, as well as between northern and southern Europe, cutting the Basel/Zurich-Lugano-Milan journey time for passenger trains by 1 hour (and from Lucerne to Bellinzona by 45 minutes). After 64 percent of Swiss voters accepted the NRLA project in a 1992 referendum, first preparatory and exploratory work began in 1996. The official start of construction began on 4 November 1999 at Amsteg. As of 1998, the total projected cost of the project was CHF 6.323 billion; as of December 2015, the final cost is projected as CHF 9.560 billion.
James Dobson

James Clayton "Jim" Dobson (born April 21, 1936 in Shreveport, Louisiana) is both the starter and chairman of the board of Focus on the Family. He is an Evangelical.
Yulia Rudenko

Yulia Vitalievna Rudenko (born Yulia Guzeva on 26 May 1990 in Krasnodar) is a Russian rugby union player, and 2014 rugby sevens champion. She participated at the 2014 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Grand Prix Series, and 2016 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Grand Prix Series, and 2016 European Rugby Championship, and 2019-20 Rugby Europe Championships.
She plays for Krasny Yar.
Arthur C. Clarke Award

The Arthur C. Clarke Award is a prize for excellent science fiction writing. It is a British award for a science fiction novel from the year before. To win, a the novel must be published first in the United Kingdom. The winner gets money as a prize. The prize amount increases each year. It is a number of pounds sterling equal to the year of the prize (PS1987 for the first prize in 1987, and PS2011 for the most recent prize).
The science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke gave money to start the prize. The first prize was given in 1987. A group of judges choose the winning book. Judges come from the British Science Fiction Association, the Science Fiction Foundation and a third group. Now, that third group SF Crowsnest. The Serendip Foundation manages the prize. Recently, the award has been presented on the first night of the SCI-FI-LONDON film festival.
Jan Kubelík

Jan Kubelik (July 5, 1880 - December 5, 1940) was a Czech violinist and composer
His father discovered his talent when he was five years old, and sent him to study with Karel Weber and Karel Ondricek. When he was eight, he began to study at the Prague Conservatory, and his professor was Otakar Sevcik. After 1898 he toured as a soloist and soon became known for his virtuosity, impeccable intonation and his full and noble tone.
He achieved great success with his debuts in Vienna and London, and toured in the USA for the first time in 1901. Later, in the 1901-02 season, Kubelik made his first appearance with the Royal Philharmonic Society of London. In 1902 he was awarded the Society's Gold Medal (succeeding Eugene Ysaye).
In 1903 he married Countess Anna Julie Marie Szell von Bessenyo, niece of the former Prime Minister of Hungary, Kalman Szell. They had eight children together; among their children is the conductor and composer Rafael Kubelik.
Kubelik played a Stradivarius violin from 1715.
He died in Prague on December 5, 1940 at the age of 60.
Myxozoa

The Myxozoa are a group of parasitic animals of aquatic environments. Some of them, such as Myxobolus cerebralis, are important parasites of fishes that people eat.
Over 1300 species have been described and many have a two-host life cycle, involving a fish and an annelid worm or bryozoan.
They were once considered as parasitic protozoa, but are now known to be members of the phylum Cnidaria. Analysis of 50 coding genes from Buddenbrockia showed the Myxozoa were severely modified members of the Cnidaria.
Similarities between myxozoan 'polar capsules' and cnidarian nematocysts (stinging cells) had been known for a long time, but previously were thought to be the result of convergent evolution.
Dotted I (Cyrillic)

The dotted i (I i; italics: I i), also called decimal i (i desiaterichnoe, after its former numeric value), is a letter of the Cyrillic script.
Doris Speed

Doris Speed, MBE (3 February 1899 - 16 November 1994) was an English actress, best known for her role as landlady of the Rovers Return Inn Annie Walker in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street, a role she played from the from the programme's first episode in December 1960 until Speed retired from the role 23 years and 1,724 episodes later in October 1983. Annie proved to be one of the show's most popular characters and Speed received more fan mail than any other cast member at the time. For her service, Speed was later declared a "national treasure" by the media and received an MBE in 1977.
Kabbe North

Kabbe North is an electoral constituency of the Zambezi Region of Namibia. In 2020, the constituency had 3,916 registered voters.
Politics
The 2015 regional election was won by Peter Mwala of the SWAPO Party with 1,487 votes, followed by Calvin Ngandi Ngandi of the Rally for Democracy and Progress with 63 votes. The 2020 regional election was won by SWAPO candidate Bernard Kamwi Sisamu, who obtained 1,116 votes, followed by Joseph Likando Matali from the Independent Patriots for Change with 292 votes, and Cooks Mukuwa Muyoba from the Popular Democratic Movement with 136 votes.
Bill Anderson

William "Red" Anderson (December 13, 1912 - June 16, 1991) in Tillsonburg, Ontario) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player that played one game with the Boston Bruins in the National Hockey League (NHL).
Wakefield, Rhode Island

Wakefield is a village in the town of South Kingstown, Rhode Island, and the commercial center of the town. The U.S. Census calls the village a component of the census-designated place. It was the traditional county seat of Washington County. Since 1991, the Washington County Courthouse has been in Wakefield.
Val-de-Charmey

Val-de-Charmey is a new municipality of the district of Gruyere in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2014 when the former municipalities of Cerniat and Charmey merged to form the new municipality of Val-de-Charmey.
John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness

John Matthew Patrick Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness (born 6 May 1955) is an English politician. He is a member of the Labour Party.
He was the Member of Parliament for the Barrow and Furness constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1992 general election, and retired in 2010. In March 2011 he published a report on public sector pension reform.
The report states that radical reform to the pension plans of six million public sector workers still leave them with "hugely generous" settlements. The retirement crisis has been caused by the scrapping of gold-plated final salary pension schemes for private sector workers coinciding with low interest rates and a lacklustre stock market. House prices have also fallen. "Future pensioners are likely to be confronted by a crisis of expectations and a squeeze in income", the report warns.
Wambercourt

Wambercourt is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
The Iceman Cometh

The Iceman Cometh is a 1973 American drama movie directed by John Frankenheimer and based on the 1939 play of the same name by Eugene O'Neill. It stars Lee Marvin, Robert Ryan, Jeff Bridges, Fredric March, Bradford Dillman.
József Tóth (footballer, born 1951)

Jozsef Toth (2 December 1951 -- 11 August 2022) was a Hungarian footballer. He made 56 appearances for the Hungarian National Football Team between 1974 to 1983. He appeared at the 1978 FIFA World Cup and the 1982 FIFA World Cup.
The Simpsons Movie

The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 animated comedy movie. It is based on the television programme The Simpsons. The movie is mainly about environmental disaster. The movie features the main television voices of Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, Yeardley Smith, Hank Azaria, and Harry Shearer.
Plot
Homer (Dan Castellaneta) adopts a pig, which he names Spider Pig, a parody of Spiderman. Lisa (Yeardley Smith) starts a campaign with a new boy named Colin (Tress MacNeille), who is Irish. They want to stop the people of Springfield from dumping in the lake. Everyone agrees to this and the lake is cleared up. Marge (Julie Kavner) questions Homer about Spider pigs 'leavings'. He says he has put them in a silo. This causes Marge to say "Get rid of the silo properly." Homer agrees to this, and Marge says he is allowed to take Spider Pig with him. To which Homer tells Marge "He's not Spider Pig anymore, he's Harry Plopper". This is a reference to Harry Potter. The pig even has the lightning bolt scar and the thick glasses, just like Harry Potter. Homer drives to the waste site to get rid of the silo. Homer's friend and co-worker Lenny (Harry Shearer) calls him from a donut store and tells him that they are giving out free donuts. Homer, with his love for donuts, tries to find a different way to getting rid of his silo. He then drives to the now clean lake. He ignores the "No Dumping" signs and dumps the silo into the lake. The lake then bubbles up and turns into a toxic poison.
I'll Get By (movie)

I'll Get By is a 1950 American romantic musical comedy movie directed by Richard Sale and is the remake of 1940 film Tin Pan Alley. It stars June Haver, Gloria DeHaven, William Lundigan, Dennis Day, Thelma Ritter, Steve Allen and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1951.
Bryan, Ohio

Bryan is a city in Ohio in the United States. It is the county seat of Williams County.
Hauterive-la-Fresse

Hauterive-la-Fresse is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Gilles Lamontagne

Joseph-Georges-Gilles-Claude Lamontagne (; April 17, 1919 - June 14, 2016) was a Canadian retired politician. He served as the 24th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec from March 28, 1984 through August 9, 1990. Before, he served as Mayor of Quebec City from December 1, 1965 through December 1, 1977. He retired in 1990.
Lamontagne was born in Montreal. He fought during World War II. Lamontagne fought as a bomber pilot in the Royal Canadian Air Force. He ended his air force service in the rank of flight lieutenant in 1945. In 1949, he married Mary Schaefer. They would remain married until her death in 2006. They had four children.
In 1990, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2000, he was made a Knight of the National Order of Quebec and in 2005, a member of l'Ordre des Grands Quebecois. He is an honorary member of the Royal Military College of Canada.
Lamontagne died on June 14, 2016 in Quebec City, aged 97.
Douglas County, Colorado

Douglas County is a county in the state of Colorado in the United States. As of the 2020 census, 357,978 people lived there. The county seat is Castle Rock.
Brindabella electorate

Brindabella is one of the five multi-member electorates in the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly. It is named after the Brindabella Range. It is the largest of the five electorates.
Pschent

The Pschent was the name of the Double Crown of Ancient Egypt. The Ancient Egyptians called it sekhemti meaning the Two Powerful Ones. The Pschent was made from the Red Deshret Crown of Lower Egypt and the White Hedjet Crown of Upper Egypt.
The Pschent was a symbol of the pharaoh's power over all Egypt. The design used two animals, a cobra and a vulture. The Egyptian cobra, known as the uraeus, ready to strike, was a symbol for the Lower Egyptian goddess Wadjet. The Egyptian vulture was a symbol for the Upper Egyptian goddess Nekhbet. These were placed on the front of the Pschent and called the Two Ladies.
History
The First Dynasty pharaoh Menes is said to have invented the Pschent. The first pharoah to be shown wearing the Double Crown was Djet, in a rock inscription showing his Horus wearing it.
The list of kings on the Palermo Stone shows the Lower Egyptian pharaohs wearing the Red Crown. After Egypt is unified, the list shows all First Dynasty and later pharaohs wearing the Pschent. But the Cairo fragment, shows Lower Egyptian rulers wearing the Pschent.
Archaeology
None of the Egyptian crowns have survived (or been found yet). Like the Deshret and the Hedjet Crowns, the Pschent is known only from statues, paintings, inscriptions, and ancient stories.
Mythology
Among the gods shown wearing the Double Crown are Horus and Atum. These both represented the pharaoh or had a special relationship to the pharaoh.
Mesnard-la-Barotière

Mesnard-la-Barotiere is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Gincla

Gincla is a commune of 48 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Chula Vista, California

Chula Vista (; , due to its scenic location between the San Diego Bay and coastal mountain foothills) is the second largest city in the San Diego metropolitan area as well as the 7th largest city in Southern California. In 2020, 275,487 people lived in Chula Vista.
Gladiator (movie)

Gladiator is a 2000 Anglo-American historical action movie directed by Ridley Scott and produced by Douglas Wick, David Franzoni and Branko Lustig. It stars Russell Crowe, Joaquin Phoenix, Richard Harris, Connie Nielsen, Djimon Hounsou and Oliver Reed. It won five Academy Awards.
Plot
Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) takes power after he murders his father, Emperor Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris), the great stoical philosopher, and strips rank from Maximus (Russell Crowe), one of the favored generals of Marcus Aurelius. Maximus then becomes a slave and has to fight to the death in the gladiator arenas, while he plans his revenge on Commodus for murdering his wife and son.
Coldspring, Texas

Coldspring is a city in the US state of Texas. It is the county seat of San Jacinto County.
Stalemate

Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal move.
When stalemate occurs, the game is a draw. Actual stalemate is rare, but the threat of stalemate has a big effect on endgame play. Many K+R+P vs K+R endings are drawn when stalemate cannot be avoided. The existence of stalemate is a main reason why draws are common in chess, but rare in the chess derivative shogi.
In the old Persian form of chess, shatranj, stalemate was a win for the side with the most pieces. The idea of stalemate as a draw in modern chess took a long time to be agreed. It was finally decided by the early 19th century British master J.H. Sarratt in the London Chess Club rules of 1807.
Figurative uses in general
All uses of the term "stalemate" in other contexts come from its use in chess. Stalemates in bargaining, politics and general life are examples of figurative language. The term is used as a metaphor.
Valeriy Shmarov

Valeriy Shmarov (; 14 August 1945 - 14 October 2018) was a Ukrainian politician. From 10 October 1994 to 8 July 1996 he was the third Minister of Defence of Ukraine.
In 1998-2002 he was a People's Deputy of Ukraine. A member of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Committee on defense and security.
Shmarov died on 14 October 2018 at the age of 73.
Wheelchair Race

Wheelchair Race is a racing of Wheelchair in track and road races. Wheelchair racing is open to athletes with any qualifying type of disability, amputees, spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy and partially sighted (when combined with another disability). Athletes are classified in accordance with the nature and severity of their disability or combinations of disabilities
Sports for the disabled