kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick II (26 December 1194 - 13 December 1250), was one of the most powerful Holy Roman Emperors of the Middle Ages and head of the House of Hohenstaufen. His political and cultural ambitions, based in Sicily and stretching through Italy to Germany, and even to Jerusalem, were enormous. However, his enemies, especially the popes, prevailed, and his dynasty collapsed soon after his death. Historians have searched for superlatives to describe him, as in the case of Professor Donald Detwiler, who wrote:
Viewing himself as a direct successor to the Roman Emperors of Antiquity, he was Emperor of the Romans from his papal coronation in 1220 until his death; he was also a claimant to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215. As such, he was King of Germany, of Italy, and of Burgundy. At the age of three, he was crowned King of Sicily as a co-ruler with his mother, Constance of Hauteville, the daughter of Roger II of Sicily. His other royal title was King of Jerusalem by virtue of marriage and his connection with the Sixth Crusade.
He was frequently at war with the Papacy, hemmed in between Frederick's lands in northern Italy and his Kingdom of Sicily (the Regno) to the south, and thus he was excommunicated four times and often vilified in pro-papal chronicles of the time and since. Pope Gregory IX went so far as to call him an Antichrist.
Speaking six languages (Latin, Sicilian, German, French, Greek and Arabic), Frederick was an avid patron of science and the arts. He played a major role in promoting literature through the Sicilian School of poetry. His Sicilian royal court in Palermo, from around 1220 to his death, saw the first use of a literary form of an Italo-Romance language, Sicilian. The poetry that emanated from the school had a significant influence on literature and on what was to become the modern Italian language. The school and its poetry were saluted by Dante and his peers and predate by at least a century the use of the Tuscan idiom as the elite literary language of Italy.
He was also the first king who explicitly outlawed trials by ordeal as they were considered irrational.
After his death, his line quickly died out and the House of Hohenstaufen came to an end.
Great hurricane of 1780

The Great Hurricane of 1780 was the deadliest Atlantic hurricane ever recorded. It killed more than 22,000 people when it passed through the Caribbean. There is not much known about the storm, because it happened before people took official records of hurricanes.
The hurricane hit Barbados with winds possibly over 200 mph (320 km/h). It then moved past Martinique, Saint Lucia, and Saint Eustatius. Thousands of deaths were reported on each island. In the middle of the American Revolution, the storm caused heavy losses to British and French fleets.
The hurricane later passed near Puerto Rico and tracked over the eastern portion of the Dominican Republic. It eventually turned to the northeast, and was last seen on October 20 to the southeast of Newfoundland.
The hurricane was part of the very bad 1780 Atlantic hurricane season, with two other deadly storms during the same month. The Great Hurricane killed more than twice as many people as Hurricane Mitch did (Hurricane Mitch was the second deadliest hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean).
Rowland Evans

Rowland Evans (April 28, 1921 - March 23,2001) was a conservative Chicago Sun-Times columnist and co-host of the Cable News Network's (CNN) Evans & Novak, later Evans, Novak, Hunt, & Shields. He was also a political analyst for CNN, along with his partner on Evans and Novak and at the Chicago Sun Times, Robert Novak.
Lacon, Illinois

Lacon is a city in Illinois in the United States. It is part of the Peoria, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area
Water hemisphere

The water hemisphere is the hemisphere on the Earth with the highest area of water. It is centered on , near New Zealand. The other half of the Earth is the land hemisphere.
Not including Antartica, the water hemisphere has only one-eighth of the world's land,. Australia, New Zealand, a small part of Southeast Asia and the southern part of South America are in the water hemisphere.
Antarctica is included in the hemisphere, and most of it is certainly land. If it were included in the total land area of Earth, the water hemisphere would have one-fifth of the world's land. Most of the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean are on the water hemisphere. The area of the oceans of the water hemisphere is much higher than its land area, but the area of the oceans of the land hemisphere is still higher than its land area.
Pip Skid

Patrick Skene, known professionally as Pip Skid and Wicked Nut, is a Canadian rapper and writer, and a cornerstone of the successful Vancouver based independent hip hop label Peanuts & Corn. Originally hailing from Brandon, Manitoba, Pip is known in underground hip hop circles for his distinctive gravel-throated vocals, as well as his clever writing, and angry delivery.
As a co-founder of landmark Canadian hip hop group Farm Fresh, as well as a member of other famed crews such as Fermented Reptile, Hip Hop Weiners, Taking Care of Business, and Break Bread, Pip has sold thousands of albums while starring on over a dozen albums since 1994, appearing on many more, and touring all over North America. His current album Skid Row peaked at #4 on the Canadian Hip Hop charts on May 1, 2010. This album follows in the footsteps of Funny Farm 2 which hit #3 on the hip hop charts and Funny Farm which hit #32 on the combined charts. His single Alone Again from the Funny Farm album achieved rotation on the national music network Much Music.
We Will Rock You

"We Will Rock You" is a song by the band Queen. It is one of their most famous songs. It is used at a lot of sports events. The main song has the band stamping their feet twice, and clapping once. At the end, a short guitar part is played.
Musicians:
Freddie Mercury - lead and backing vocals, handclaps, footstamps
Brian May - electric guitar, backing vocals, handclaps, footstamps
Roger Taylor - backing vocals, handclaps, footstamps
John Deacon - handclaps, footstamps
Queen (band) songs
1977 songs
Arena rock songs
John Farnham songs
Five (group) songs
Warrant songs
Takuma Asano

is a Japanese football player. He plays for the Japan national team. His brother Yuya Asano is also a footballer.
Biography
Asano was born in Komono, Mie on November 10, 1994. After graduating from Yokkaichi Chuo Technical High School, he joined J1 League club Sanfrecce Hiroshima in 2013. He played many matches from 2014. In 2015, Hiroshima won the champions. He was also selected "Best Young Player award". In August 2016, he moved to German 2. Bundesliga club Stuttgart and played in 2 seasons. Stuttgart was promoted to Bundesliga end of the 2016/17 season. In 2018, he moved to Hannover. However Hannover was relegated to 2. Bundesliga end of the 2018/19 season. In 2019, he moved to Serbian SuperLiga club Partizan.
In July 2015, Asano was selected the Japan national team for 2015 East Asian Cup. At this tournament, he debuted against North Korea on August 2. In 2016, he played for the Japan U-23 national team at 2016 AFC U-23 Championship. Japan won the champions and qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics. At 2016 Summer Olympics, he played all 3 matches and score 2 goals.
Garamond

Garamond is the name for a number of typefaces. They were created by Parisian typesetter Claude Garamond in the 16th century, or they are based on his works. The typefaces use serifs. As these typefaces are very well suited for reading, they are often used in printed books.
Dwayne Hill

Dwayne Hill (born June 5, 1966) is a Canadian voice actor. In 2009, he was nominated for two Gemini Awards, one in the solo category for Grossology, the other, which he won, was for best ensemble in Atomic Betty. Overall, he has voiced over 20 animated series, playing hundreds of voices as well as voicing over 100 commercials each year. One of his most recent roles is Cat in the PBS animated series Peg + Cat Super Stadium Worldand Braceface which was nominated for an Emmy Award among the best performances in animated series.
Career
His biggest on-camera roles include playing Coach Carr in Mean Girls, The Safety of Objects which premiered at the 2001 Toronto International Film Festival, and The Truth About the Head, which won 3 awards at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival including the Kodak short film award. Dwayne has appeared in over 100 commercials, including the Bud Light spot "Mr. Silent Killer Gas Passer" for the Real Men of Genius campaign, which won a Gold Clio in Cannes. From 1997-2003, Hill played "Mr. Voiceman", the off-camera announcer on the YTV game show Uh Oh!.
Schwerer Gustav

Schwerer Gustav (English: Heavy Gustaf, or Great Gustaf) and Dora were the names of two huge World War II German 80 cm K (E) railway siege guns.
The two guns were developed in the late 1930s by Krupp, the famous German arms manufacturer. Their purpose was to destroy heavy fortifications, especially in the French Maginot Line. The guns weighed nearly 1,350 tonnes, and could fire shells weighing seven tonnes to a range of .
Although they were intended for World War II, they were not ready for action when the Wehrmacht outflanked the Maginot line by sweeping through the low country (Belgium) to start the Battle of France. However, they were ready in Autumn 1941, after the Wehrmacht invaded the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa). Gustav was used at the siege of Sevastopol in the summer of 1942. By the end of the siege on 4 July the city of Sevastopol lay in ruins, and 30,000 tons of artillery ammunition had been fired. Gustav had fired 48 rounds and worn out its original barrel, which had already fired around 250 rounds during testing and development. The gun was fitted with the spare barrel and the original was sent back to Krupp's factory in Essen for relining.
Both Gustav and Dora were moved to Leningrad, and may have been intended for Warsaw. Gustav was eventually captured by US troops and cut up, whilst Dora was destroyed near the end of the war to avoid capture by the Red Army.
The Schwerer Gustav was the largest calibre rifled weapon in the history of artillery to see actual combat. It fired the heaviest shells of any artillery piece. A few other huge guns were never fired in anger: the French Monster Mortar (36 French inches; 975mm), the British Mallet's Mortar (36 inch; 914 mm) and the American Little David mortar (36 inch; 910 mm).
Nieuwpoort, South Holland

Nieuwpoort is a very small city in the Netherlands, located in the Alblasserwaard and within this region in the municipality of Molenlanden. The settlement lies on the south bank of the Lek, which is a continuation of the Rhine river. About 1,400 people were living there in 2020.
Nieuwpoort was also a municipality. It formed with Groot-Ammers, Langerak, and Streefkerk the municipality of Liesveld in 1986.
Nieuwpoort received city rights in 1283.
Livonian War

The Livonian War (1558-1583) was fought for control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia). The Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of the Dano-Norwegian Realm, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Union (later Commonwealth) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.
At the end of the war Russia lost all of its former holdings in Livonia and Polotsk to Poland-Lithuania. The following year, Sweden and Russia signed the Truce of Plussa, with Sweden gaining most of Ingria and northern Livonia while keeping the Duchy of Estonia.
Al Wasl SC

Al Wasl Sports Club () is a sports club in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. It is best known for its football team.
Julia Serano

Julia Serano (born 1967) is a transsexual American writer, biologist, musician, poet, and activist. She lives in Oakland, California. In 2007 her first full-length book Whipping Girl|Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity was published by Seal Press. In October 2013 Excluded: Making Feminist and Queer Movements More Inclusive was published. Her essays have also been published on websites and in magazines and books about feminism.
Serano did a PhD in biochemistry and molecular biophysics at Columbia University. Serano worked at UC Berkeley as a researcher for seventeen years.
She was a member of the indie rock band Bitesize.
Personal life
Serano is a feminist. She is bisexual.
For years she was a crossdresser. She wore clothes made for women but still called herself a man. In 1998 Serano moved to the San Francisco Bay Area. There she met her wife Dani. Around this time Serano started identifying as bigender and transgender. In 2001 she started identifying as a trans woman. She calls herself a "femme tomboy".
Writing
In 2002 made a chapbook called Either/Or. In 2004 she made a chapbook called Draw Blood.
In 2005 Serano made a chapbook called On the Outside Looking In: A Trans Woman's Perspective on Feminism and the Exclusion of Trans Women from Lesbian and Women-only Spaces.
Serano's first book Whipping Girl talks about transmisogyny. Transmisogyny is a word that Serano uses to talk about a kind of misogyny (woman-hating) that is experienced by trans women. Whipping Girl has updated versions of three of the four essays in On the Outside Looking In.
In her second book Excluded, Serano wrote about how feminist and queer movements have left out transgender women, feminine people, bisexuals, sex workers, and others.
In both of her books Serano talks about how gender is not a performance.
Len Dawson

Leonard Ray Dawson (June 20, 1935 - August 24, 2022) was an American football quarterback. He played in the National Football League (NFL) and American Football League (AFL) for 19 seasons. Dawson was born in Alliance, Ohio. His career began in 1957 and he retired from playing in 1975. He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers, Cleveland Browns and Dallas Texans / Kansas City Chiefs. He was honored into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1987.
On August 12, 2022, it was announced that Dawson was in hospice care. He died twelve days later on August 24, aged 87.
Hercules Ayala

Ruben Cruz (July 14, 1950 - January 22, 2020) was a Puerto Rican professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Hercules Ayala. He competed in Canadian and international wrestling promotions including the eastern Canadian Grand Prix Wrestling, the Calgary-based Stampede Wrestling, New Japan Pro Wrestling in Japan and World Wrestling Council in Puerto Rico.
Anne-Élisabeth Blateau

Anne Elizabeth Blateau (born July 28, 1976 in Paris) is a French actress and playwright.
Life
She studied at Sciences Po Paris.
Ray Perkins

Walter Ray Perkins (6 November 1941 - 9 December 2020) was an American football coach and player. He played as a wide receiver for the University of Alabama and Baltimore Colts. He later worked as a football coach for 28 years, including as the head coach for the New York Giants, the University of Alabama, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Arkansas State University. Perkins was born in Petal, Mississippi.
Perkins died on 9 December 2020 in Northport, Alabama from heart disease at the age of 79.
River Tay

River Tay is a river in Scotland. It starts in Loch Tay, and opens up into the North Sea at the Firth of Tay. It discharges more water than the Thames and the Severn put together.
It is the longest river in Scotland and the sixth longest in the United Kingdom. It starts in the Scottish Highlands, and moves east until it goes through Perth. Its mouth is wide, and is called the Firth of Tay on the east coast. Dundee is on the north bank of the Firth.
The Tay's very wide mouth is spanned by a long rail bridge, the replacement for the one which fell in the Tay Bridge disaster. The Tay Road Bridge was opened in 1966.
Compromising Positions

Compromising Positions is a 1985 American mystery comedy movie directed by Frank Perry and was based on the 1978 novel by Susan Isaacs. It stars Susan Sarandon, Raul Julia, Mary Beth Hurt, Joe Mantegna, Edward Herrmann, Judith Ivey, Deborah Rush, Josh Mostel and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Ishmael

Ishmael (, `Isma'il) was the first son of Abraham and Hagar, an Egyptian servant. He and his mother had settled in the valley and was the meeting of Jurhum, nomads of Yemen and descendants of Joktan who had also spotted the water source and incorporate. He is the father of the North Arabs (Adnanites).
It was derived from Abraham, descendant of Arpachshad, son of Shem, son of Noah, grandson of Methuselah and coming from line of Seth, son of Adam and Eve, first human.
Jürgen Prochnow

Jurgen Prochnow ( ; born 10 June 1941) is a German-American actor. His best-known roles are: the U-Boat captain in Das Boot (1981), Duke Leto Atreides in Dune (1984), the minor but important role of Kazakh dictator General Ivan Radek in Air Force One (1997), and the antagonist Maxwell Dent in Beverly Hills Cop II (1987).
Cave-dwelling frog

The cave-dwelling frog or cave frog (Litoria cavernicola) is a frog from northwestern Australia.
The cave-dwelling frog lives in caves and between large rocks in sandstone canyons in the Kimberly region. It is green to reddish-brown in color.
The frogs lay their eggs in shallow pools of water, but scientists do not know what the tadpoles are like.
Recreativo de Huelva

Real Club Recreativo de Huelva is a Spanish football club. The club was starting in 1889. It is the oldest football team in Spain.
The Club
Real Club Recreativo de Huelva is a Spanish football team formed on December 23 1889. This makes it the oldest football team in Spain, formed by Dr McKay and overseas British workers at the Rio Tinto mines. Originally named Huelva Recreation Club. Due to its long-standing existence (it is the oldest surviving team of Spanish professional soccer), the team is often referred to as El Decano ("the dean") of the Spanish football fraternity.
Commonly known as Recre, they play in white with blue vertical stripes and white shorts. Their home ground is the Nuevo Colombino stadium that seats 19,860.
After three seasons in Segunda Division (Spanish second division), Recre achieved promotion to top flight after beating Numancia Soria on June 4, 2006, mathematically securing promotion with two matches left to be played. El Decano is again among the elite of Spanish football for the 2006/07 season.
Name
1889-? Huelva Recreation Club
?-present R.C. Recreativo de Huelva
Honours
Champions of Andalucia from 1903 to 1914.
Reached Primera Division for 1978-79 (under coach Eusebio Rios), 2002-2003 (under coach Lucas Alcaraz) and 2005-2006 (under coach Marcelino Garcia Toral).
Defeated finalists in Copa del Rey in 2003.
League position
Former position
Foreigners 2006/07
Only three non-EU nationals can be on the pitch at anytime. Those with European ancestry can claim a passport from the nation their ancestors came from. If a player does not have European ancestry he can claim a Spanish passport by playing in Spain for 3 years.
Peter Michael Goetz

Peter Michael Goetz (born December 10, 1941) is an American actor. He was born in Buffalo, New York. Goetz is known for his roles in Wolfen, Prince of the City, The World According to Garp, Jumpin' Jack Flash, King Kong Lives, Father of the Bride, Dad, Glory, My Girl, The Empty Mirror and Father of the Bride Part II.
Practical Magic

Practical Magic is a romantic comedy drama movie. It was released October 1998. The story is based on a novel from the 1990s. It is about sisters who are witches. After the death of their parents, they are raised by aunts who are also witches. Sandra Bullock and Nicole Kidman play the sisters. Stockard Channing and Dianne Wiest play the aunts.
Practical Magic received very bad reviews. Against a budget of $75 million, the movie took in only $68 million.
Livingston County, New York

Livingston County is in New York State. About 62,000 people live there, and it is part of the Rochester metropolitan area.
Great horned owl

The Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) is the largest owl in North America. It is sometimes called the hoot owl.
This widespread bird of prey lives in mountains, grasslands, conifer forests, deserts, chapparals, and many other habitats in North and South America. Its call is a far-carrying hoot.
Description
This owl is 18 to 25 inches (46-64 cm) long and has a wing span of 52 to 55 inches (1.3-1.4 m); its weight averages about 3 pounds (1.5 kg).
The feathers of the horned owl are gray to brown to buff to black. There is a patch of white feathers on the brown chest (called a "gular"). The eyes are yellow with round black pupils.
Diet
The great horned owl hunts and eats mammals (like rabbits, woodchucks, mice, rats, and squirrels), birds (ducks, quail, and geese), and fish.
The owl is at the top of the food web; it has no major predators. It sometimes eats its prey whole and later regurgitates the bones, fur, and feathers in pellets.
WordGirl

WordGirl is an American children's flash animated superhero television series produced by the Soup2Nuts animation unit of Scholastic Entertainment for PBS Kids. The series began as a series of shorts entitled The Amazing Colossal Adventures of WordGirl that premiered on PBS Kids and PBS Kids Go! on November 10, 2006, usually shown at the end of Maya & Miguel the segment was then spun off into a new thirty-minute episodic series that premiered on September 3, 2007 on most PBS member stations. The series of shorts consisted of thirty episodes, with 130 episodes in the full half-hour series.
WordGirl creator Dorothea Gillim felt that most children's animation "underestimated [children's] sense of humor" and hoped to create a more intellectual show for young audiences.
By June 2014, many PBS stations had stopped airing WordGirl, opting to air more popular series throughout the summer. However, new episodes continued to air on select stations, with streaming options on the PBS Kids website and video app. The series ended with the two-part episode was rhyme and reason.
What's the Frequency, Kenneth?

"What's the Frequency, Kenneth?" is a 1994 song by alternative rock band R.E.M. and is the leading single from their ninth studio album Monster. It went to number 1 in Iceland, number 2 in Canada, number 4 in New Zealand, number 6 in Finland, number 8 in Ireland, number 9 in Norway and the United Kingdom, number 19 in Belgium, number 21 in Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom, number 22 in Switzerland and number 24 in Australia.
Track listings
All songs were written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe.
US CD and cassette single
"What's the Frequency, Kenneth?" - 3:59
"What's the Frequency, Kenneth?" (instrumental version) - 3:59
UK 7-inch and cassette single
"What's the Frequency, Kenneth?" - 3:59
"What's the Frequency, Kenneth?" (K version) - 3:59
UK, European, Australian, and Japanese CD single
"What's the Frequency, Kenneth?" - 3:59
"Monty's Got a Raw Deal" (live) - 4:22
"Everybody Hurts" (live) - 5:41
"Man on the Moon" (live) - 5:24
The live recordings of "Monty Got a Raw Deal", "Everybody Hurts" and "Man on the Moon" were recorded at the 40 Watt Club, Athens, Georgia on November 19, 1992. The performance--a benefit for Greenpeace--was recorded in a solar-powered mobile studio.
Labyrinthodont

Labyrinthodont is a term which was used for fossil amphibia. Although it is no longer a formal term in taxonomy, it is still useful as an evolutionary grade, a kind of catch-all term. Labyrinth mean a maze and dont means tooth.
Labyrinthodonts are often called Temnospondyls.
The Labyrinthodontia is not a clade, because it is not monophyletic. It has been replaced in the classification by more correct terms.
The labyrithodonts were some of the dominant animals from the Devonian to the Lower Triassic (about 390 to 210 million years ago). The group is an evolutionary grade (a polyphyletic or paraphyletic group) of species which look rather similar.
The name describes the pattern of infolding of the dentine and enamel of the teeth, which often fossilise. They are also have a heavily armoured skull roof (so they also have an even older name "Stegocephalia"), and complex vertebrae.
Characteristics
The labyrinthodonts flourished for more than 200 million years. Although there was much variation, these traits make their fossils distinct and easy to recognise:
Strongly folded tooth surface, so that a cross section resembles a classical labyrinth (or maze).
Massive skull roof, with openings only for the nostrils, eyes and a parietal 'third eye'. The skull was rather flat with thick dermal armour, accounting for the older term for the group: Stegocephalia. The amniotes (Sauropsids and Synapsids) developed deeper skulls.
Otic notch behind each eye at the back edge of the skull. In the primitive waterbound forms it may have formed an open spiracle, and may possibly have held an ear-drum in some advanced forms.
Complex vertebrae made of 4 pieces.
What the term included
+Ichthyostegalia : term no longer used; see 'Fishapods', below.
+Temnospondyli (possible ancestors of modern amphibians)
+Lepospondyli (possible ancestors of modern amphibians)
+Reptiliomorpha (ancestors of reptiles): now referred to the Amniote stem-group or the Sauropsida.
Specifically excluded
Lissamphibians: modern amphibia
Amniotes: The terrestrial cleidoic egg-laying animals, the Sauropsida and Synapsida.
Fishapods
Early tetropods are now classified as lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii). This is because we now know they were aquatic when the limbs first evolved (see Tetrapod).
The informal term fishapods is often used for this group of Devonian animals.
A more formal term, used by Clack, is "stem-group tetrapods".
El Hiwar El Tounsi

El Hiwar El Tounsi (Arabic: qn@ lHwr ltwnsy , translation: The Tunisian Dialogue) is a television channel from Tunisia. It is available in Tunisia.
Launched in May 2003, the channel broadcasts initially two hours a week, on Sunday on the frequency of Arcoiris, on the Hot Bird satellite and, from 2004, on Eutelsat W3A.
In 2006, the channel broadcasts one hour of broadcast daily on the same frequencies. Its social and political broadcasts open the antenna to Tunisian opponents, which is the chain continued harassment by the regime of President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali.
In 2014 the founder sold the channel to a group of investors headed by Asma Fehri.
Illusion

An illusion is a distortion of perception. The brain arranges, sorts, and organises data from the senses. Normally the system works well. Sometimes it does not, and we see illusions. In general, they are shared by most people in the same situation.
Illusions can happen with all five senses (taste, touch, sight, smell, and hearing), and some involve the way information from two senses is put together. Some illusions happen because of disorders, but generally, all normal people can sense the same illusion. An illusion is different from a hallucination; a hallucination is sensing something that is not real, but an illusion is interpreting what we sense wrongly.
Optical illusions
Optical illusions are the best known and understood. Because they are illusions common to most people, it follows that they are a product of the visual system. The visual system, from the retina to the visual cortex, is what is common to most humans.
Auditory illusions
These are illusions which are heard. The person listening hears sounds that aren't really there, or sounds that can't really happen. A Shepard tone is an auditory illusion.
Touch illusion
They are when a person feels something that is not there, or something that should not be there but feels like it is. This happens sometimes when a person loses their arm. The person still feels like the arm is there. They might want to scratch the arm, or the arm might hurt them. This can happen with any limb of the body, and it is called the phantom limb.
German Academic Exchange Service

The German Academic Exchange Service (, or DAAD) is an organisation in Germany. It is the largest German support organisation in the field of international academic co-operation. It was founded on 1 January 1925. It closed in 1945, but was refounded in 1950.
The DAAD headquarters are in Bonn. There are 15 international regional branch offices. They provide information and advice on study and research opportunities and available grants. The German Academic Exchange Service is mainly funded by the Foreign Office of Germany and the European Union. In 2012, the DAAD received 407.4 million Euro.
Eristicophis

Eristicophis is a monotypic genus made for the venomous viper species "E. macmahonii". It is found in the desert areas near the borders of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. There are currently no subspecies recognized. The E. macmahonii is also known as the "McMahon's Viper", the "Asian Sand Viper", the "Leaf-nosed Viper", and the "Whiskered Viper".
Description
The McMahon's Viper is a small species of snake, growing up to less than one meter. Males are smaller than females; males can grow up to the length of 22-40 cm, and females can grow up to the length of 28-72 cm. They are reddish-brown or yellowish brown in color.
Where they live
The McMahon's Viper is found in the desert regions of Balochistan, near the borders of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
Behavior
The McMahon's Viper is said to be nocturnal, but some say it is crepuscular, meaning it is active during the early morning or late evening. It is able to sidewind on loose sand, and sometimes climbs into bushes. It is a aggressive snake, hissing very loudly when disturbed or annoyed, and sometimes it raising its head of the ground and starts striking aggressively. It is able to sink into the sand by moving in a rocking motion. When it sinks into the sand it leaves its eyes and snout sticking out of the sand.
Feeding
The McMahon's Viper eats small lizards, small rodents like mice, and sometimes birds.
Reproduction
The McMahon's Viper is oviparous, meaning it lays eggs. It lays around a dozen eggs at a time, and these eggs take around 6-8 weeks to hatch. When the eggs hatch the young are about 6 inches (15 cm) long.
Venom
Not much is known about the McMahon's Viper venom, but some say it is similar to the venom of the Echis.
Stanley Perlman

Stanley Marc Perlman is an American microbiologist and coronavirus researcher. He is professor of microbiology and immunology, professor of pediatrics, and the Mark Stinski Chair in Virology in the Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa. He also has a grandson named Nikko Perlman who currently attends the public middle school called Lab Middle School. Stanley has been working on Corona for 38 years. Stanley's daughter in law and son (Nikko's parents) run a Natto business, which is a Japanese delicacy. The business has a 5 star review and is called "NYture Natto".
Abzac, Gironde

Abzac, Gironde is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Baldwin, Maine

Baldwin is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,525 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford, Maine, metropolitan statistical area.
Du Wei

Du Wei (born 9 February 1982) is a Chinese football player. He plays for Hangzhou Greentown and China PR national team.
Lemonade

Lemonade is a drink made with water, lemons or lemon juice, and sugar.
There are two main types: cloudy, and clear, each known simply as "lemonade" in their home countries. Cloudy lemonade, generally found in North America and India, is a traditionally homemade drink made with lemon juice, water, and sweetened with cane sugar or honey. Clear lemonade is a lemon, or lemon-lime flavored, carbonated soft drink. This type is common in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand.
To make 8 cups of lemonade, mix the juice of 8 freshly squeezed lemons with 1/2 a cup of sugar and 5 cups of water and serve over ice cubes. A diced (cut up) lemon or lime can also be added to mixture. The sugar is sometimes replaced by maple syrup.
Pink lemonade can be made by adding some grenadine or another red juice, or using pink lemons. Some pink lemonades are lightly carbonated, including French brand Lorina lemonade.
In the United Kingdom, Australia, Switzerland, and New Zealand, the term 'lemonade' refers to a clear, carbonated, sweet lemon-flavored soft drink. In India it is commonly referred to as 'Nimbu paani' meaning "lemon water" or 'Shikanji'. It is sold by street vendors, especially in North India.
Lemonade stands are a small shops made by kids especially in the U.S. Children sell it to adults to learn the basics of business and to earn some money.
Middlesbrough

Middlesbrough is a large town in North Yorkshire in northeast England. About 135,000 people live there. It is in the traditional North Riding of Yorkshire.
Middlesbrough was formerly administered as part of the county borough of Teesside, later the county of Cleveland, and it is now in the unitary authority of the Borough of Middlesbrough. St Mary's Cathedral is the seat of the bishop of Middlesbrough.
The name is often spelt incorrectly as 'Middlesborough' but 'Middlesbrough' is correct. The town is abbreviated to Boro by locals.
Sports
It has a Championship football club: Middlesbrough F.C..
Snell's law

Snell's Law of Refraction is the scientific law of the refraction of light or other waves. In optics, Snell's law is about the speed of light in different media. The law states that when light passes through different materials (for example from air to glass) the ratio of sines of the incidence (incoming) angle and the refraction (outgoing) angle does not change:
With each as the angle measured from the normal of the boundary, as the velocity of light in the respective medium (SI units are meters per second, or m/s). is the refractive index of the medium.
The index of refraction of a vacuum is 1 and the velocity of light in a vacuum is . When a wave passes the material where the index of refraction is n, the velocity of the wave becomes .
Snell's law can be proved by Fermat's principle. Fermat's principle states that light travels along the path which takes the least time.
History
The idea has a long history. The problem had the attention of Hero of Alexandria, Ptolemy, Ibn Sahl, and Huygens. Ibn Sahl actually discovered the law of refraction. In Traite de la Lumiere, 1678, Huygens showed how Snell's law of sines could be explained by, or derived from, the wave nature of light.
Troubadour (K'naan album)

Troubadour is the third studio album released by K'naan. The features some guest artists like Chubb Rock, Damian Marley, Adam Levine, Kirk Hammett, Mos Def, and Chali 2na. Singles include Bang Bang featuring Adam Levine, ABC's featuring Chubb Rock, Dreamer, If Rap Gets Jealous which features Metallica member Kirk Hammett, Wavin' Flag, and Take a Minute.
Track Listing
"T.I.A."
"ABC's" (featuring Chubb Rock)
"Dreamer"
"I Came Prepared" (featuring Damian Marley)
"Bang Bang" (featuring Adam Levine of Maroon 5)
"If Rap Gets Jealous" (featuring Kirk Hammett of Metallica)
"Wavin' Flag"
"Somalia"
"America" (featuring Mos Def and Chali 2na)
"Fatima"
"Fire in Freetown"
"Take a Minute"
"15 Minutes Away"
"People Like Me"
"Does It Matter?"
"Biscuit"
"Take a Minute" [Extended Cut]
Other Songs
Somalia
Take a Minute
Wavin' Flag
Does It Matter ?
Premier League Golden Glove

The Premier League Golden Glove is an association football award. It is given to the goalkeeper who has kept the most clean sheets in a Premier League season. In association football, a clean sheet is given to a team's defence or goalkeeper if they prevent their opponents from scoring any goals during a match. For sponsorship reasons, it has been referred to as the Barclays Golden Glove since it was created for the 2004-05 season until the 2015-16 season. Since the 2017-18 season, it is known as the Cadbury Golden Glove.
In 2005, the first Premier League Golden Glove was awarded to Petr Cech of Chelsea. Cech's 24 clean sheets in a single season remains the current record. Since 2005, Cech and Joe Hart have won the award the most amout of times, with 4 each. Pepe Reina was the first goalkeeper to win the award back-to-back, winning it in 3 consecutive seasons between 2005 and 2008. Joe Hart later repeated the achievement with Manchester City between 2010 and 2013.
During the 2008-09 season, Edwin van der Sar surpassed Cech's previous record of 10 consecutive clean sheets by reaching 14. During his streak, Van der Sar went 1,311 minutes without conceding a goal. In the process, he broke both Cech's Premier League record (1,025 minutes), Steve Death's Football League record (1,103 minutes) and also the all-time league record in Britain (1,155 minutes) for most consecutive scoreless minutes.
Circuit of the Americas

The Circuit of the Americas is a motor racing circuit in Austin, Texas. Hermann Tilke designed the circuit in the middle of 2010. Construction was started in early 2011. It is planned to open in 2012. The circuit will run counter-clockwise.
The circuit will host the United States Grand Prix. Starting in 2013, it will host MotoGP races for 10 years. It will also host a round of V8 Supercars, an Australia-based touring car racing series, starting in 2013.
Caroline County

Caroline County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Caroline County, Maryland
Caroline County, Virginia
Theodore Bikel

Theodore Meir Bikel (May 2, 1924 - July 21, 2015) was an Austrian-American actor, singer, and musician. He was nominated for an Academy Award as Sheriff Max Muller in The Defiant Ones in 1958.
Early life
Bikel was born in Vienna, Austria on May 2, 1924. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. He moved to the United States in 1954. He became a U.S. citizen in 1961.
Personal life
Bikel was married to Ofra Ichilov from 1942 until they divorced in 1943. Then he was married to Rita Weinberg Call from 1967 until they divorced in 2008. He was married to Tamara Brooks from 2008 until her death in 2012. He had two children with Call.
Bikel died on July 21, 2015, at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles of natural causes, aged 91.
Hulagu Khan

Hulagu Khan, also known as Hulagu, Hulegu or Hulegu (Khulegu, Khulegu; Chagatai/ - Halaku; Arabic:hwlkw; c. 1217 - 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia.
Son of Tolui and the Kerait princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan, and the brother of Arik Boke, Mongke and Kublai Khan. He was also the step-father of Absh Khatun. Hulagu's army greatly expanded the southwestern portion of the Mongol Empire, founding the Ilkhanate of Persia. Under his leadership, the Mongols destroyed the two greatest centers of Islamic power, Baghdad in the year 1258, and Damascus, causing a shift of Islamic influence to the Mamluks in Cairo.
The Polos
Niccolo and Maffeo Polo reportedly travelled to the realm of Hulagu and stayed in the city of Bukhara, in modern day Uzbekistan, where the family lived and traded for three years from 1261 to 1264.
Walheim, Haut-Rhin

Walheim is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Huddersfield

Huddersfield is a large town in the Metropolitan borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England. It was famous for its cloth industry, and where Rugby League football started.
Huddersfield was the birthplace for the Labour Party prime minister, Harold Wilson. It is also known for its football team, who were the first team to win the Football League first division title three years in a row (1924-26).
Huddersfield had 162,949 residents at the 2011 census. It sits close to the Pennines, south-west of Leeds, west of Wakefield, north-west of Sheffield and north-east of Manchester.
The River Holme discharges into the River Colne. They were tapped for steam turbines and textile treatment in the large weaving sheds.
Osasco

Osasco is a Brazilian city in the state of Sao Paulo. Its population in 2016 was 696,382 inhabitants. Its area is 65 km2.
Sportswear

Sportswear is clothing, including footwear, worn for playing sports or to exercise.
Sportswear includes shorts, tracksuits, T-shirts, polo shirts and trainers. It also includes some underwear, such as the jockstrap. Sportswear is also often worn as casual fashion clothing.
Sports athletes wear a combination of different items of clothing such as sport shoes, pants and shirts. Some athletes wear personal armour such as helmets or American football body armour.
List of main rivers of Wales

This is a list of the main rivers of Wales.
In Wales, flowing into the Liverpool Bay
From Hoylake to Garth Pier, Bangor, Gwynedd
Dee catchment
River Dee, Wales (Afon Dyfrdwy)
Clwyd catchment
River Clwyd (Afon Clwyd)
Conwy catchment
River Conwy (Afon Conwy)
Aber catchment
Afon Aber
Ogwen catchment
Afon Ogwen
Cegin catchment
River Cegin (Afon Cegin)
Adda catchment
River Adda (Afon Adda)
Isle of Anglesey
Anticlockwise from Menai Bridge / Porthaethwy
Crigyll catchment
Afon Crigyll
Ffraw catchment
Afon Ffraw
Cefni catchment
Afon Cefni (River Cefni)
Braint (i) catchment
Afon Braint (River Braint, Dwyran)
Braint (ii) catchment
Afon Braint (LlanfairPG)
Note "Afon Menai", known as the "Menai Strait" in English, is not technically a river, despite its Welsh name..
In Wales, flowing into the Irish Sea
From Bangor Pier to St. Govan's Head
Seiont catchment
Afon Seiont (River Seiont) (known as Afon Rhythallt above Pont-Rhythallt)
Gwyrfai catchment
Afon Gwyrfai
Soch catchment
Afon Soch
Rhyd-hir catchment etc
Afon Rhyd-hir
Afon Erch
Afon Wen
Dwyfor catchment
Afon Dwyfor
Glaslyn catchment
Afon Glaslyn
Artro catchment
Afon Artro
Ysgethin catchment
Afon Ysgethin
Mawddach catchment
Afon Mawddach
Dysynni catchment
Afon Dysynni (R)
Dyfi catchment
Afon Dyfi (River Dovey)
Clarach catchment
Afon Clarach (formed at the confluence of Afon Stewi and Nant Silo)
Rheidol catchment
River Rheidol (Afon Rheidol)
Ystwyth catchment
River Ystwyth (Afon Ystwyth)
Wyre catchment
Afon Wyre
Cledan catchment
Afon Cledan
Arth catchment
River Arth
Aeron catchment
Afon Aeron
Teifi catchment
River Teifi (Afon Teifi)
Nyfer catchment etc
Afon Nyfer
Cleddau catchment
Daugleddau (estuary is Daugleddyf or Milford Haven downstream)
In Wales, flowing into the Bristol Channel
From St. Govan's Head to M48 Bridge
Taf catchment
Afon Taf
Tywi catchment
River Tywi (Afon Tywi)
Gwendraeth catchment
River Gwendraeth
Lliedi catchment
River Lliedi (Afon Lliedi)
Loughor catchment
River Loughor (Afon Llwchwr)
Clyne catchment
Clyne River
Tawe catchment
River Tawe
Neath catchment
River Neath
Afan catchment
River Afan
Kenfig catchment
River Kenfig (Afon Cynffig)
Ogmore catchment
River Ogmore (Afon Ogwr)
Col-huw catchment
Afon Col-huw
Thaw catchment
River Thaw
Cadoxton catchment
Cadoxton River
Taff catchment
River Taff (Afon Taf)
Rhymney catchment
Rhymney River (Afon Rhymni)
Usk catchment
River Usk (Afon Wysg)
Wye catchment
River Wye (Afon Gwy)
Severn catchment
With the exception of a small part of the Rea Brook, all tributaries of the Severn downstream of the confluence of the Severn and the Vyrnwy are wholly in England. For details see List of rivers of England.
Cheetham Hill

Cheetham Hill is a part of Manchester. In 2011, it had a population of 22,562.
Raymond, Maine

Raymond is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States.
Students' union

A student's union is a college or university level union advocating for student members.
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (transl. All India Anna Dravidian Progressive Federation; abbr. AIADMK) is an Indian political party. The party has a large amount of influence in the state of Tamil Nadu and union territory of Puducherry. It is a Dravidian party. The party was founded by former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran. Edappadi K. Palaniswami is the current General Secretary of the Party.
Elections
The party has won a seven-time majority in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. It is the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. It is also a part of the India-ruling National Democratic Alliance.
Location
The headquarters of the party is called Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai. It is located at Avvai Shanmugam Salai, Royapettah, Chennai. The building was givento the party in 1986 by the wife of Ramachandran, V. N. Janaki Ramachandran. She was a former chief minister of Tamil Nadu and the second president of the party.
History
M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) founded the party at Madurai on 17 October 1972. It was created as a seperate faction of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. This was done after M. Karunanidhi forcted Ramachandran to leave the party for asking for accounts as party treasurer. From 9 February 1989 to 5 December 2016, AIADMK was led by former chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa. She was the general secretary of the party. Jayalathaa was known as the "Mother of AIADMK" . She was very well liked by the people of Tamil until her death in 2016.
Rui Duarte de Barros

Rui Duarte de Barros is a Guinea-Bissauan politician. He was acting Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau from May 2012 to July 2014.
Black Palestinians

Black Palestinians are black people who live in or have family from Palestine. They are also called Afro-Palestinians because many have ancestors from Africa. In history, many black people were forced to go to Palestine as slaves by the Ottoman Empire. Some of them were also enslaved by Palestinian Bedouins. There are also Black Palestinians who came as immigrants from Africa. Today, they still face discrimination because of their race as well as occupation by Israel. One neighborhood in Gaza with many Black Palestinians is known by an insulting name for slaves. A minority of African Palestinians which number around 350-450 reside in an African enclave (Hai al-Afaarika) around the Bab al-Majlis, the northern gate, contiguous to the Haram al-Sharif, in the Muslim Quarter of Jerusalem, which also contains several micro-communities composed of Indians, Domari Gypsies, Afghans, and Moroccans.
Shibuya

is a special ward of Tokyo, Japan. It is a very important area for commerce and business. It also has the two busiest railway stations in the world, Shinjuku Station and Shibuya Station. As of 2020, it has an population of about 231,043, and a population density of 15,290.7 people per km2 (39,603/sq mi). The total area is 15.11 km2 (5.83 sq mi).
Shibuya is famous for its scramble crossing, which is called Shibuya Crossing.
Alice Nahon

Alice Nahon (16 August 1896, Antwerp - 21 May 1933, Antwerp) was a Belgian poet.
Her father was born in the Netherlands in a French family. Her mother came from Putte nearby Mechelen.
As a young woman she suffered from chronic bronchitis, but this was wrongly diagnosed as tuberculosis. This is the reason she spent many years in hospitals.
She studied and graduated in agriculture. Alice also began studying to be a nurse. At the same time she studied literature. She was also librarian in Mechelen. At the end of her life she lived in the medieval castle Cantecroy in Mortsel, a suburb of Antwerp.
She is especially remembered for her poem Avondliedeke (English: Little Evening Song). This poem is a classic on ethical and mystic evening meditation.
List of ruling political parties by country

This article is a list of ruling political parties by country.
Exene Cervenka

Exene Cervenka (born Christene Lee Cervenka; February 1, 1956) is an American singer, artist, and poet. She is best known for her work as a singer in the California punk rock band X.