kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Felis

Felis is a genus of small cats in the family Felidae. They include the familiar domestic cat and its closest wild relatives. The wild species are found in Europe, southern and central Asia, and Africa. The domestic cat, which may have its origin in North Africa, is now worldwide.
Members of the genus Felis are all small felines, rather similar to the domestic cat. The smallest species is the sand cat, which may be less than in length, while the largest is the jungle cat, which can reach . They live in many habitats: forests, grassland, swampland and deserts. They mostly feed on small rodents, supplementing their diet with birds and other small animals, depending on their local environment.
Genetic studies indicate that the genus Felis first evolved around eight to ten million years ago, probably in the Mediterranean region.
Species
The genus Felis is currently considered to consist of six living species, although the domestic cat and Chinese mountain cat are sometimes considered subspecies of F. silvestris.
Velsen

Velsen is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. In 2019, 68,348 people lived there.
Holliday Grainger

Holliday Clark Grainger (born 27 March 1988) is an English actress. Her TV roles include Lucrezia Borgia in the Showtime series The Borgias (2011-2013), Bonnie Parker in Bonnie & Clyde (2013), Robin Ellacott in Strike (2017-present) and DI Rachel Carey in The Capture (2019). Her movie roles include Great Expectations (2012), Cinderella (2015), The Finest Hours (2016) and Tulip Fever (2017).
Grainger was born in Didsbury, Manchester. She has Italian ancestry through a grandfather.
Palme d'Or

The Palme d'Or (; ) is the highest prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival. It was created in 1955 by the festival's organizing committee.
The Palme d'Or is widely seen to be one of the most well known awards in the movie industry.
Ratatoskr

In Norse mythology, Ratatoskr is a squirrel that lives on the tree Yggdrasil. Ratatoskr carries messages between the eagle at the top of Yggdrasil, and the serpent Nidhoggr, at the bottom. Ratatoskr occurs both in the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda. The Poetic Edda is a collection of earlier stories. It was written in the 13th century. The Prose Edda was also written in the 13th century.
Attestations
In the Poetic Edda poem Grimnismal, the god Odin (disguised as Grimnir) says that Ratatoskr runs up and down Yggdrasil bringing messages between the eagle perched atop it and Nidhoggr below it:
Ratatoskr is described in the Prose Eddas Gylfaginning chapter 16, in which High states that
An eagle sits at the top of the ash, and it has knowledge of many things. Between its eyes sits the hawk called Vedrfolnir [...]. The squirrel called Ratatosk [...] runs up and down the ash. He tells slanderous gossip, provoking the eagle and Nidhogg.
Jexi

Jexi is a 2019 American-Canadian romantic comedy movie written and directed by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore. The movie stars Adam DeVine, Alexandra Shipp, Michael Pena, Rose Byrne, Justin Hartley, Wanda Sykes, Ron Funches, and Charlyne Yi.
The movie is about a self-aware phone that becomes emotionally attached to its socially awkward owner in San Francisco.
Jexi was released on October 11, 2019 in the United States by CBS Films and Lionsgate. It has an 11% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
Boomerang (Latin American TV channel)

Boomerang was a 24-hour cable television channel. It is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery under its International division.
A Flash of Light (movie)

A Flash of Light is a 1910 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Charles West, Vivian Prescott, and Stephanie Longfellow.
Jan Jönsson

Jan Jonsson (born May 24, 1960) is a former Swedish football player.
Petersdorf, Bavaria

Petersdorf () is a municipality in Aichach-Friedberg, a district (Landkreis) in Swabia.
Ana María Vela Rubio

Ana Maria Vela Rubio (29 October 1901 - 15 December 2017), was a Spanish supercentenarian. She is the oldest verified Spaniard ever from 6 June 2016, however now Maria Branyas Morera is holding the record for the oldest person to have ever lived in Spain. Vela Rubio was also the third-oldest living person in the world, behind Nabi Tajima and Chiyo Miyako.
Biography
Vela Rubio was born 29 October 1901 in Puente Genil, Andalusia. She used to work as a dressmaker. She never married her partner as her parents did not agree to their marrying, but the couple had two children. Her daughter, also named Ana, lives with her.
She became the oldest European since the death of oldest person Emma Morano on 15 April 2017.
She died on 15 December 2017. Vela Rubio was succeeded as the Europe's oldest living person by Giuseppina Projetto-Frau of Italy.
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic was a Soviet socialist republic from 1940-1941 and 1944-1989. It is today part of Lithuania.
Emma's Shadow

Emma's Shadow () is a 1988 Danish drama movie directed by Soren Kragh-Jacobsen. It stars Line Kruse, Borje Ahlstedt, Inge Sofie Skovbo, Henrik Larsen, Ken Vedsegaard and Bent N. Steinert.
Sunspot

A sunspot is an area of high magnetic activity, on the surface of the Sun. Sunspots produce bright light, but not as much as the surface around them, so they appear dark by comparison. They are cooler than the rest of the sun. Some are small, and some are ten times bigger than Earth.
A sunspot cycle of eleven years has been found, with changes in activity. Every 11 years the number of sunspots increases, and later declines. Sunspots on one cycle are magnetically different from the next, so the total sunspot cycle is 22 years. This cycle has been seen since the 18th century. Before that time, for over a hundred years, there were very few sunspots. Astronomers do not know what caused this "Maunder Minimum".
History
Chinese astronomers said they could see sunspots. On 17 March 802 the monk Adelmus saw a big sunspot, which he could see for eight days. Adelmus thought that Mercury was going in front of the Sun and making a black spot. When astronomers started using telescopes, most agreed that something was passing in front of the Sun. Galileo Galilei in 1612 guessed that there were actual spots on the Sun and that they showed that the Sun was turning.
The first cyclic changes of sunspots was seen by Heinrich Schwabe, and made Rudolf Wolf study them carefully, starting in 1848. Also in 1848, Joseph Henry showed a picture of the Sun and made sure that sunspots were cooler than the rest of the Sun (they are about 7000 degrees Fahrenheit, 4000 C). They are still very hot, but much cooler than the rest of the Sun's surface.
Effect on Earth
Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the Sun. But many scientists think that when there are many sunspots, the Sun actually gets hotter. This affects the weather here on Earth, and also radio reception. If this is true, then without sunspots, the Earth might become cooler. In the same way, if there were more sunspots, the Earth might become hotter, and there could be less rain. This would make more droughts on the Earth. Droughts are a long time with no rain. Without rain, crops that people eat would not grow. Scientists study sunspots and other solar phenomena, so they can know what they do to Earth. The temperature of a sunspot is 4780degK. This is cold when compared to other areas on the surface of sun.
Super League Greece

Super League Greece () is the top division football league in Greece. The current version was formed on 16 July 2006 and replaced the Alpha Ethniki. The first championship was won by Aris Thessaloniki. The club which has won the most championships is Olympiacos with 47 titles, next is Panathinaikos with 20 titles and third is AEK Athens with 12 titles. The league currently has 14 teams.
VooV Festival

VooV (formerly known as VuuV Experience) is an annual music festival with about 10,000 to 20,000 visitors.
It was launched in the year 1992. It is one of the oldest rave parties in Germany. From a small party with about 100 people it is now one of the biggest rave parties in Europe. After several moves, was VuuV's place since 2001 in Putlitz. In 2007 they moved back to Antaro which was the place they made the greatest feasts.
Gerry Harris

Gerald William Harris (8 October 1935 - 28 July 2020) was an English professional footballer. He spent the majority of his league career with Wolverhampton Wanderers, with whom he won two league championships and the FA Cup.
Harris died on July 28, 2020, at the age of 84.
Essex, Connecticut

Essex is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States.
Charles Barkley

Charles Wade Barkley (born February 20, 1963) is an American former professional basketball player. Nicknamed "Sir Charles" for his aggressive and outspoken behavior, and "The Round Mound of Rebound" for his unusual build and talent as a player, Barkley established himself as one of the National Basketball Association's (NBA) most dominating power forwards.
For a power forward, Barkley had an extremely versatile offensive game. He was not considered a great player at the defensive end. He is referred to as Chuck Barkley by many of his friends.
Barkley had many nicknames over the course of his college and pro career, making him one of the basketball players, and persons, with the most nicknames. Some of the other nicknames include "The Chuckster" and "The Chuck Wagon". Barkley is regarded as one of the best rebounders in the history of the game.
Many people view him as the greatest player who did not win an NBA championship during his career, although others argue for players such as Karl Malone, John Stockton and Patrick Ewing. Often considered the best power forward in the league (NBA), people did not agree with his totalitarian views. He is an analyst on the television show Inside the NBA. The program features host Ernie Johnson with analysts Kenny Smith and Shaquille O'Neal.
Charles Warrington

Glenn Ruth (born May 28, 1971 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) is a retired American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring names, Chaz and Mosh. Warringon was also one half of the tag team, The Headbangers, along with Thrasher.
He is currently a Sales Director for DEX Imaging in Tampa, Florida. He also plays outfield for the nationally-ranked Fort Lauderdale professional kickball team "The Meatballs".
Championships
Warrington held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
Hardkore Championship Wrestling
2004 HCW Incredible 8 Tournament Semi-Finalist
Heartland Wrestling Association
HWA Tag Team Championship (one time) with Thrasher
Insane Championship Wrestling
ICW Streetfight Tag Team Championship (one time) with Thrasher
Main Event Championship Wrestling
MECW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Thrasher
Maryland Championship Wrestling
MCW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
MCW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Thrasher
Maximum Xtreme Pro Wrestling
MXPW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
National Wrestling Alliance
NWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) with Thrasher
New England Wrestling Federation
NEWF Tag Team Championship (three times) with Thrasher
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #104 of the Top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1997.
Sanghar Taluka

Sanghar Taluka () is a subdivision of Sanghar District in the province of Sindh in Pakistan. The city of Sanghar is the capital.
Česká Třebová

Ceska Trebova () is a town of the Usti nad Orlici District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 15,000 people living there.
Kipper the Dog

Kipper the Dog is a character in a series of books for preschool age children by a British writer, Mick Inkpen. The books consist of 34 titles (as of July 2005), which have sold over 8 million copies and have been translated into over 20 languages. The books have also won many awards.
Kipper (the Dog) is also the name of a British animated television series based on the same characters. In some cases, the episodes are specifically based on particular stories by Mick Inkpen. The videos have won awards including a BAFTA award for best children's animation. The show was broadcast from 1997 to 2000 on CITV and Nick Jr.. It currently airs on Sprout. It took a break for a while from CITV until it was repeat on Christmas Eve 2003 showing the 'Christmas Eve' episode and repeated for most of 2004. Kipper has not been on CITV since then.
The show was released on VHS and DVD by HIT Entertainment, but the episodes were not in order.
Division of Aston

The Division of Aston is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was created in 1984 and is named for Tilly Aston. Aston was a blind writer and teacher who helped setup the Library of the Victorian Association of Braille Writers in 1894. Aston is in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne, including Rowville, Scoresby, Knoxfield, Vermont and Wantirna.
Members
In 2013, Alan Tudge was made the Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister, Tony Abbott.
Lee Jung-hee

Lee Jung-hee (; , Yi Jeong-hee, born December 22, 1969 Seoul) is a South Korean human rights activist, politician, lawyer and feminist. She was a member of the 18th National Assembly of South Korea.
Life
Lee was a graduate of Seomun Women's Middle School and Seomun Women's High School. Later, she studied at Seoul National University, Department of Law.
In 1996, Lee passed the 38th lawyers exam. She became more active in advocating freedom, human rights, women rights. In 2006, Lee joined the Democratic Labor Party. In 2008, she was elected to the 18th session of the Korean National Assembly.
In 2007 she joined the Democratic Labor Party.
In 2008, she was elected vice leader of the Democratic Labor Party and in 2009, leader of the Democratic Labor Party. In 2012, her participation was found to Integrate progressives Partys. That year, she was a candidate for South Korea's 18th presidential election. But she was defeated by Park Geun-hye.
Neeraj Chopra

Neeraj Chopra (born December 24, 1997) is an Indian track and field athlete. He is a champion in the javelin throw. He is the first Indian track and field athlete to win a gold medal at the Olympics. Chopra hails from Khandra village in Panipat, Haryana.
Independence Day (Indonesia)

Independence Day is a national holiday in Indonesia. It is celebrated every 17 August. It commemorates the declaration of Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945.
Tägertschi

Tagertschi was a municipality of the administrative district Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017, the former municipality of Tagertschi merged into the municipality of Munsingen.
Decimal separator

The decimal separator is a symbol used to mark the border between the integer and the fractional parts of a decimal numeral. This symbol can be a period ("."), as is common in United States and other English-speaking countries, or a comma (","), as in continental Europe. Decimal point and decimal comma are also common names for the decimal separator. For example, 9.5 means nine and one half in English speaking countries, while in many European countries, the same number might be written as 9,5.
Jeremy Pargo

Jeremy Pargo is an American professional basketball player. He went to Gonzaga University. He plays for Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C.
Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler

Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler (Margaretha Desiree Victoria; born 31 October 1934), is a Swedish princess. She is the eldest sister of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and also a first cousin of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark.
Early life
Margaretha was born on 31 October 1934 at Haga Palace in Haga Park, Stockholm, as the first child of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Vasterbotten, and his wife, Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. She was born during the reign of her paternal great-grandfather King Gustav V of Sweden. In January 1947, her father died in an airplane crash.
Although the eldest child, as a female, she was never in line to the throne according to the Swedish constitution current at the time. She was educated privately at the Haga Palace and then at the Stockholm dressmaking school, Marthaskolan (Martha School).
Marriage
She met her future husband, businessman John Ambler, at a dinner party in the United Kingdom in 1963. Their engagement was announced on 28 February 1964. They were married on 30 June 1964, in Gardslosa Church, on the island of Oland. The Princess wore a wedding gown from the Stockholm couture school, Marthaskolan, where she had previously been a student, and a traditional wedding crown from Oland.
As a result of her unequal marriage, she lost her style of Royal Highness and the King gave her the courtesy title of Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler. Under the Swedish constitution of that time, she, as a woman, and her descendants were not able to inherit the throne. As a result, they still are not.
Ambler and her husband separated in 1994, but never divorced. He died on 31 May 2008.
Margaretha and John Ambler's marriage produced three children: Sybilla (b. 1965), Edward (b. 1966), and James (b. 1969). Her daughter married Baron Henning von Dincklage and has two children, of whom Madeleine Charlotte Margaretha von Dincklage is the goddaughter of Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden and was a bridesmaid at her wedding.
They Conquer the Skies

They Conquer the Skies () is a 1963 Soviet drama movie directed by Tatyana Lioznova. It stars Nikolay Rybnikov, Vladimir Sedov, and Svetlana Svetlichnaya.
Ciliate

The ciliates are a group of protists which have hair-like organelles called cilia.
These are are identical in structure to flagella, but typically shorter and in much larger numbers. They have a different pattern of waving than do flagella.
Cilia occur in all members of the group (although the peculiar suctoria have them only for part of the life-cycle). They are used for swimming, crawling, attachment, feeding, and sensation.
Sundance Film Festival

The Sundance Film Festival is an American movie festival that takes place every year in Utah. It is one of the largest independent movie festivals in the United States.
The festival is held in January in Park City, Salt Lake City, Ogden, and at the Sundance Resort. It is an event for new work from American and international independent movie makers. The festival has competition for American and international drama and documentary movies, feature films and short films.
2015
The 2015 Sundance Film Festival took place January 22 to February 1, 2015. What Happened, Miss Simone?, a documentary about American singer Nina Simone, opened the festival. A comedy-drama movie, Grandma, was the closing night movie. It stars Lily Tomlin.
Success of festival
Many notable independent movie makers first got noticed at Sundance, including Kevin Smith, Robert Rodriguez, Quentin Tarantino, Todd Field, David O. Russell, Steve James, Steven Soderbergh, Darren Aronofsky, James Wan, Edward Burns, and Jim Jarmusch.
The festival has also given more attention and a larger audience to such movies as Saw, Super Troopers, The Blair Witch Project, Spanking the Monkey, Reservoir Dogs, Primer, Little Miss Sunshine, Clerks, Sex, Lies, and Videotape, The Brothers McMullen, Afternoon Delight, Napoleon Dynamite, and Whiplash.
The Good Companions (1957 movie)

The Good Companions is a 1957 British musical movie directed by J. Lee Thompson and was based on the 1929 novel of the same name by J. B. Priestley and was the remake of the 1933 movie of the same name. It stars Eric Portman, Celia Johnson, Hugh Griffith, Janette Scott, John Fraser, Joyce Grenfell, Rachel Roberts, Shirley Anne Field.
Rajadell

Rajadell is a municipality in the comarca of Bages, Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.
It has an area of 45.46 km2 and a population of 550 people.
Raigh Roe

Dame Raigh Edith Roe (nee Kurts; 12 December 1922 - November 2014) was an Australian farmer. She was an advocate for rural women in Australia and around the world. She was member of the Country Women's Association (CWA) from 1941. She held many roles in the CWA before becoming the national president. She was World President of the Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW) from 1977 to 1980. In this role, she represented almost nine million women in 74 countries around the world. In 1977, she was named Australian of the Year with Sir Murray Tyrrell. In 1978, she became a commissioner for the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC). In 1980, she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE).
Roe was born in Western Australia. She was married to James Arthur Roe. The couple had three sons. She died in November 2014, at the age of 91.
Stanislas Konarski

Stanislaw Konarski, Sch.P. (actual name: Hieronim Konarski; 30 September 1700 - 3 August 1773) was a Polish teacher and writer. He wrote political books, poems, and plays. He was a monk - member of the order of Piarists; he brought the Enlightenment in Poland.
.
Between 1725 and 1727 Konarski learned at the Collegium Nazarenum in Rome, where he became a teacher of rhetoric - the art of good speaking. After that, in order to make better his own learning, he traveled through France, Germany and Austria. In 1730 he went back to Poland and began to work on a new text of Polish law ("Volumina legum").
From 1736 Konarski taught at the Collegium Resoviense in Rzeszow and in 1740 he started the Collegium Nobilium in Warsaw, a school for sons of the people of high social class ("szlachta"). Thereafter, he improved teaching of Piarists in Poland, in a way that agrees with his program of teaching (Ordinationes Visitationis Apostolicae..., 1755). His improvements became an important point in the fight of 18th century to make the system of Polish teaching more modern.
In the beginning, Konarski was joined politically with King Stanislas Leszczynski; later, he came near to Czartoryski's "Familia" and to King Stanislas August Poniatowski. He took part in the well-known "Thursday dinners". Stanislas August Poniatowski caused that a medal was made in the honor of Konarski, with his likeness. There was written in Latin: Sapere auso ("who was brave to be wise").
Abrest

Abrest is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.
Le Chautay

Le Chautay is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. About 268 people lived there in January 2019.
East Choiseul constituency

East Choiseul is a constituency of the Solomon Islands. It is in the Choiseul Province. It was created in 1993.
Las Animas County, Colorado

Las Animas County is a county in the state of Colorado in the United States. As of the 2020 census, 14,555 people lived there. The county seat is Trinidad.
Sheridan County

Sheridan County is the name of five counties in the United States:
Sheridan County, Kansas
Sheridan County, Montana
Sheridan County, Nebraska
Sheridan County, North Dakota
Sheridan County, Wyoming
Łomża

Lomza (), in English known as Lomza, is a city in north-eastern Poland. It is about 150 kilometers (90 miles) to the north-east of Warsaw.
Al-Ansariyyah

Al-Ansariyyah (or Jabal Ansariyya, Jebel Ansariye, Djebel Ansariye, Ansariye Mountains, Ansariyah mountains Jabal an Nusayriyah, or Alaouite Mountains, Alawite Mountains (Jibal al-'Alawiyin) or Syrian coastal range (Silsilat al-Jibal al-Saheliyya)) is a mountain range in Syria. The mountains range runs in a north-south direction along the coast of Syria. The range is about long. To the west of the mountain range is the plain along the coast, and on the west is the valley of the Orontes. (The Orontes runs through the Ghab Depression.) The tallest mountains in the range are in the north: there their average height is about , but in the south the average mountains are only high. The harbour city Latakia is to the west of the mountain range's highest mountain, which is high. Al-Ansariyyah is the only area of land in Syria which has thick forests.
At the southern end of the mountain range is the plain (the Homs Gap) which separates it from Mount Lebanon, in the country of Lebanon. On the south end is Krak de Chevaliers, a castle of the Middle Ages. In Classical Antiquity, the fresh water that came from these mountains supplied the cities of Antioch, Seleucia Pieria, Apamea, and Laodicea. Laodicea (now Latakia) was famous for its wine (from vines grown in this region), and the Roman geographer Strabo wrote that most of the wine in Alexandria in Roman Egypt came from Laodicea. Latakia was famous in the more recent past for its tobacco production.
The mountain range is the homeland of the Alawites. In the Middle Ages, during the Crusades, the Order of Assassins lived in these mountains.
People often migrate from the mountains to the plain of the coast and to the valley of the Ghab Depression, for economic reasons.
Companion of the Queen's Service Order

The Queen's Service Order (QSE) is an Order of Chivilry in New Zealand. It was created by royal warrant of Queen Elizabeth II on 13 March 1975. The order is used to recognise "valuable voluntary service to the community or meritorious and faithful services to the Crown or similar services within the public sector, whether in elected or appointed office". The Queen's Service Order replaced the Imperial Service Order in New Zealand.
The title of the Order recognises the fact that Queen Elizabeth II was the first New Zealand monarch to be officially titled Queen of New Zealand.
United States federal government shutdown of 2018

A shutdown of the United States federal government began at midnight EST on Saturday, January 20, 2018, after a failure to pass a legislation funding bill for government operations and agencies and ended on Monday, January 22, 2018.
The shutdown was caused from disputes over the status of protection of persons affected by the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) immigration policy, and therefore whether those covered under the program should face deportation. There was also a dispute over whether funding should be funded towards building a Mexico-United States border wall, a keystone policy during Donald Trump's presidential campaign.
This is the first shutdown in United States history to occur while both chambers of Congress as well as the White House are controlled by the same party (in this case, the Republican party). The 2018 shutdown began when the Senate failed to approve a House-passed bill to keep the government open. The shutdown began on the first anniversary of Donald Trump taking office.
Bajaur District

Bajaur () is an Agency (district) of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. Smallest of the agencies in FATA, it has a hilly terrain. According to the 1998 census, 595,227 people lived there. It borders Afghanistan's Kunar Province.
Constitution of Romania

The Constitution of Romania is the fundamental law that made the structure of the government of Romania. It also defines the rights and obligations of citizens.
Öland Bridge

The Oland Bridge () is a road bridge in Sweden. It was completed in 1972. It connects mainland Sweden with Swedish Baltic Sea island of Oland, replacing the old ferryboats.
Williamson County, Illinois

Williamson County is a county of the U.S. state of Illinois. In the 2020 census, 67,153 people lived there. The county seat is Marion.
Tajik people

Tajiks ( Tajik) are a Persian-speaking Iranian ethnic group who are mostly found in what is now Tajikistan, including in parts of Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and China. Alternative names for the Tajiks are (Eastern) Persian, Dehqan, and Farsiwan. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, some Tajik refugees escaped to live in neighboring Iran and Pakistan. Most Tajiks are Sunni Muslims, but a few in remote mountain areas follow Shia Islam alongside pockets in cities such as Herat and Kabul.
The name Tajik being used for this group of people began in the early 20th century by the Russians. Before that, they were called Sarts. The name Tajik refers to the traditionally sedentary people who speak a form of Persian language called Tajiki in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, and officially called Dari in Afghanistan.
It is generally accepted that the origin of the word Tajik is Middle Persian Tazik "Arab" (New Persian: Tazi), or an Iranian (Sogdian or Parthian) cognate word. Some Turks of Central Asia adopted a variant of this word, Tazik, to designate the Persian Muslims in the Oxus basin and Khorasan, who were the Turks' rivals.
Andrea Mantegna

Andrea Mantegna (, , ; September 13, 1506) was an Italian painter.
Lincoln Aviator

The Lincoln Aviator is a luxury three-row middle-sized sport utility vehicle. It was first manufactured from 2003 to 2005. The Aviator is based on the Ford Explorer.
For the 2020 model year, the Aviator is a five-door crossover SUV.
The 2020 and beyond Aviator is made in Chicago, Illinois.
Tipton, Kansas

This is about the town in Kansas, USA. For other towns called Tipton, see Tipton (disambiguation).
Tipton is a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 210 people lived there.
History
Tipton was first called Pittsburg. It was created as Pittsburg in 1872. The people realized that another Pittsburg existed in Kansas, so they changed the name to Tipton. It was named after Tipton, Iowa, the former home of a local resident.
Geography
Tipton is at (39.339380, -98.470155). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 210 people, 98 households, and 57 families living in Tipton.
Kamaishi, Iwate

Kamaishi is a city in Iwate Prefecture. 32,609 people live there as of March 2020. It is a historic city because of its part in World War II where it was the first naval bombardment by the U.S. Navy. The city was completely detroyed on June 15, 1896 when a 7.2 magnitude earthquake and tsunami hit the coast of Iwate. The city was again destroyed in 2011 by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami.
Las Vegas Aces

The Las Vegas Aces are an American professional basketball team. They are based in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Aces play basketball in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). They are in the WNBA's Western Conference. When they play basketball in Las Vegas, the Aces play at Michelob Ultra Arena in Mandalay Bay. The Aces won the 2022 WNBA Championship.
The team was made in Salt Lake City, Utah. It was first named the Utah Starzz. It then moved to San Antonio, Texas, and was named the San Antonio Silver Stars. Later, the name was changed to San Antonio Stars. In 2018, the team moved to Las Vegas. The Aces are one of three WNBA teams that plays in a place with no NBA team. The other two are the Connecticut Sun and the Seattle Storm. The team has gone to the WNBA Finals three times. They went in 2008, 2020, and 2022.
Many good basketball players have been on the Aces, such as Ann Wauters, Dearica Hamby and A'ja Wilson. As of 2022, the team is coached by Becky Hammon. Hammon played for the San Antonio Stars from 2007 to 2014.
Ugarit

Ugarit (; , 'Ugart; Ugarit or Ugarit) was an ancient port city in northern Syria. It is in the outskirts of modern Latakia. It was discovered by accident in 1928 together with the Ugaritic texts. Its ruins are often called Ras Shamra due to the headland on which they are found.
Ugarit had close connections to the Hittite Empire. It also sent tribute to Egypt at times and maintained trade and diplomatic connections with Cyprus (then called Alashiya). This is documented in the archives recovered from the site. It is confirmed by Mycenaean and Cypriot pottery found there. The polity was at its height from c. 1450 BCE until its destruction in c. 1200 BCE. This destruction was possibly caused by the mysterious Sea Peoples or internal struggle. The kingdom would be one of the many that fell apart during the Bronze Age Collapse.
The Buggles

The Buggles were an English musical duo. It had Trevor Horn on vocals, bass guitar and guitar and Geoff Downes on keyboards. They have been most known for their 1979 debut single Video Killed the Radio Star that was #1 on the singles charts of sixteen countries. The music video was the first to be shown on MTV in the United States of America at 12:01 on 1 August 1981.
Following the poor success of their second album, Adventures in Modern Recording, the group broke up in 1981.
Biography
Horn and Downes first met in the mid 1970s, at auditions for Tina Charles' backing band, and worked with her producer, Biddu, whose backing tracks had inspired their early work. Trevor Horn said that the group was originally planned to be named "The Bugs": "The Bugs were studio insects--imaginary creatures who lived in recording studios creating havoc. Then somebody said as a joke that The Bugs would never be as big as The Beatles. So we changed it to The Buggles."
The Buggles' first hit, "Video Killed the Radio Star", was released in September 1979 and was the 444th number one in the UK charts, spending one week at the top, as well as reaching number one on the singles charts of fifteen other countries Hans Zimmer worked for "Video Killed the Radio Star, and makes a brief appearance in the video.
Downes and Horn worked on their second album, Adventures in Modern Recording. As originally intended, I Am a Camera was brought to completion as a Buggles song under its original title. However, Downes left the group during the recording of the album to form the band Asia with former Yes bandmate Steve Howe. Horn completed the album with a lot of new songwriting partners and musicians. Adventures in Modern Recording was released in late 1981, but five singles released from the album (I Am a Camera, Adventures in Modern Recording, On TV, Lenny and Beatnik) were not as successful as "Video Killed the Radio Star", resulting in the end of The Buggles.
You're Sixteen

"You're Sixteen" is a 1960 song by Johnny Burnette and went to number 3 in the United Kingdom and number 8 in the United States.
Ringo Starr version
In 1973, Ringo Starr released his version of You're Sixteen from his third studio album Ringo. It topped the single charts in the United States and New Zealand. It went to number 2 in Canada and Ireland, number 3 in South Africa, number 4 in the United Kingdom and number 6 in Australia, the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland.
Luna Park, Melbourne

Melbourne's Luna Park is a historic amusement park near the beach at St Kilda, Victoria Australia. It was designed and developed by Frederick Ingersoll. It opened in 1912 and has been operating ever since. It is the first of two Luna Parks still operating in Australia; the other is on Sydney Harbour.
Natalia Kills

Natalia Noemi Cappuccini (born 15 August 1986) is an English R&B singer-songwriter, and actress who is better known by her stage name, Natalia Kills. She was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire to a Uruguayan mother and Jamaican father. She released her debut album Perfectionist on 1 April 2011 which features the singles, "Mirrors", "Wonderland" and "Free". She will be helping Ke$ha on her UK tour along with LMFAO.
Cœuvres-et-Valsery

Coeuvres-et-Valsery is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Coblentz (lunar crater)

Coblentz is a small crater on the far side of the Moon, to the south of the much larger Bolyai crater.
The crater has a circular edge, but it has been worn away by asteroid hits. This is most noticeable at the southern end where a gap exists in the rim. The interior floor has very few features except for several tiny craterlets.
A ridge arcs from the northwest rim of Coblentz to join the southern rim of Bolyai. There are several patches of dark (low albedo) material just to the south and southwest of Coblentz.
Rhea Silvia

Rhea Silvia is a woman from Roman mythology. In the legend about the founding of Rome, is the mother of the twin brothers Romulus and Remus. She was the daughter of Numitor Silvius, king of the city Alba Longa.
According to Plutarch, there are many versions of Rhea Silvia's story, and it is not clear which one is real. But this is one of the best known and most widely accepted: When Numitor's brother Amulius became king by force, he made Rhea Silvia become a Vestal Virgin, so she would not have children who could be kings instead of him. But the god Mars seduced Rhea Silvia and she had the twins Romulus and Remus. For Vestals, the punishment for having sex was death. So when people found out she was pregnant, Rhea Silvia was buried alive, which was the punishment for a Vestal Virgin who did not remain a virgin. Her sons were thrown into the Tiber by a servant, but were saved by the river god Tiberinus, who also saved Rhea Silvia and later married her.
The Tiber River that flows through Rome gets its name from Tiberinus. He married Rhea Silvia while the twins, Romulus and Remus, were raised by a she-wolf. When the babies were a few months old, a cowherd found them and raised them. When they were adults, they decided to build a city together. But they realized only one of them could be its king. The two men waited on opposite hills for an omen while their followers watched. At first, six vultures landed on the hill where Remus was waiting. The followers believed this would mean the city would last for six hundred years. But then twelve vultures landed on Romulus' hill and they named the city after him instead. Shortly afterword, Remus made fun of the city wall Romulus was building. Either one of Romulus' friends or Romulus himself hit Remus, and he died. The city was named after Romulus, Rome.
Knoxville, Iowa

Knoxville is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is the county seat of Marion County. Knoxville is home of the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame & Museum.
Olivia Colebourne

Olivia Colebourne (born 27 June 1983) is a New Zealand water polo player. She competed for the New Zealand women's national water polo team in the 2007 World Aquatics Championships.
She played for Hartwick University.
Ilijana Dugandžić

Ilijana Dugandzic (born 17 April 1981) is a Croatian national volleyball player.
She played at the 2005 Women's European Volleyball Championship, 2007 Women's European Volleyball Championship, 2011 Women's European Volleyball Championship, and 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.
She played for Mladost Zagreb and Igtisadchi Baku.
Brian Shaw (strongman)

Brian Shaw (born February 26, 1982) is an American professional strongman. He is winner of the 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2016 competitions. In 2011, he became the first man to have won the Arnold Strongman Classic and the World's Strongest Man contest in the same calendar year. He achieved this again in 2015. Shaw also uploads videos on his YouTube channel SHAWSTRENGTH.
Shaw was born in Fort Lupton, Colorado. He is married and has two children.
Seismology

Seismology is the study of what is under the surface of the Earth by measuring vibrations on the Earth's surface. A person who does this is called a seismologist.
It is part of the science of geophysics, which studies the physics of the processes that formed the Earth and other planets.
Seismology is done by seismologists and geophysicists using devices to pick up the vibrations called geophones, hydrophones or seismometers.
Seismology can either be passive, just listening to vibrations caused by earthquakes and volcanic activity, or active, using small explosive charges to send vibrations into the ground.
Seismic detectors come in two types, one which measures up and down vibrations, and one which measures side to side vibrations. Both types use and arrangement of a magnet and a coil of wire which will convert the vibrations into an electrical signal which can be stored in a computer for analysis. The earliest seismometer was developed by the Chinese.
Seismologists can find the location of earthquakes by plotting received vibrations on a map. They can also pick up underground nuclear tests, and this is what many of the seismic recording stations were set up for.
They can also examine the crust in a seismic survey to try and find information about layers of rock, locate oil or gas fields and to get information about the internal structure of volcanos.
Ayad Allawi

Ayad Allawi ( ; born May 31, 1944) is an Iraqi politician. He was Vice President of Iraq from 2014 to 2015 and from 2016 to 2018.
He was interim Prime Minister of Iraq from 2004 to 2005 and the President of the Governing Council of Iraq (38th Prime Minister of Iraq) in 2003.
Jay Carney

James "Jay" Carney (born May 22, 1965) is an American journalist. He was the 28th White House Press Secretary. He worked for President Barack Obama's cabinet. His term began in February 2011. He resigned (decided to start working in a new place) in May 2014 and left office in June 2014. He was succeeded by Josh Earnest.
Arthur Takes Over

Arthur Takes Over is a 1948 American comedy movie directed by Malcolm St. Clair and starring Lois Collier, Richard Crane, Skip Homeier, Ann E. Todd, Jerome Cowan, William Bakewell, Howard Freeman, Luana Walters, Almira Sessions. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Otmar Gutmann

Otmar Gutmann (April 24, 1937 in Munstertal - October 13, 1993 in Russikon) was a German television producer, animator and director. He is best known for making the cartoon Pingu.
Sarah Jacobson

Sarah Jacobson (August 25, 1971, Norwalk, Connecticut - February 13, 2004 New York City) was an American independent filmmaker who wrote, produced, and filmed her own movies. She was known for her work Mary Jane's Not a Virgin Anymore.
Jacobson died from endometrial cancer in New York City, aged 32.
Mick Cullen

Michael Joseph Cullen (born 3 July 1931) is a Scottish former footballer. He played for Luton Town and Grimsby Town.
Cullen was born in Glasgow. At the age of 17, he signed for English Second Division side Luton Town in 1948.
In 1956, he became the only Luton Town player ever to be capped by Scotland. He was sold to Grimsby Town in 1958, and after a successful career there he moved on to Derby County.
He moved on to Wellington Town, where he played out his career.
New York Rangers

The New York Rangers are an ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). They play in Madison Square Garden in New York City. The team began in 1926, and has won four Stanley Cup championships.
History
Early years
The Rangers were started by a promoter named Tex Rickard. Newspapers began calling the new team "Tex's Rangers", a play on the famous police force known as the Texas Rangers. The team picked up on the nickname, and have been called "Rangers" ever since.
The Rangers were successful in their early years, winning the Stanley Cup in 1928, 1933, and 1940. Bill Cook won the Art Ross Trophy as scoring leader in 1927 and 1933, and Bryan Hextall won it in 1942. "Babe" Pratt was a star defenceman around this time.
Later years
The Rangers did very poorly in the mid-1940s, but improved by 1950, when they lost the Stanley Cup final in overtime of the deciding game seven to the Detroit Red Wings. Buddy O'Connor won the Hart Trophy as most valuable player in 1948, goaltender Chuck Rayner won it in 1950, and Andy Bathgate won it in 1959.
The team did not make the finals again until 1972, when they lost to the Boston Bruins. They were led by players such as Jean Ratelle, Brad Park, Ed Giacomin, and Rod Gilbert. The Rangers made the finals again in 1979, losing to the Montreal Canadians.
Rivalry
There was another team in New York, the Americans. The Americans felt that the Rangers were favoured by Madison Square Garden, and that their team folded in 1942 because of the Rangers. The Americans' coach and general manager, Red Dutton, claimed the Rangers would never win another Stanley Cup as long as he lived. This became known as Dutton's curse.
Comeback
Red Dutton died in 1987, and his curse came true. Finally, the Rangers improved, winning the President's Cup as regular-season champions in 1992 and 1994. Mark Messier won the Hart Trophy in 1992, and Brian Leetch won two Norris Trophies as best defence. They led the Rangers to the Stanley Cup in 1994, after 54 years of not winning.
Problems and Today
Recently, the Rangers have been a poor team, missing the playoffs many years in a row. However, in 2005-06, the team has improved again, much due to the play of star Jaromir Jagr and rookie (first year) goalie Henrik Lundqvist. They reached the Finals in 2014 and lost to the Kings in 5 games. Lundqvist would go on to play his entire 15-year career with the team as he retired prior to the 2020-21 season.
Michael Praetorius

Michael Praetorius (born Creuzburg an der Werra, near Eisenach 15 February 1571? ; died Wolfenbuttel, 15 February 1621) was a German composer, organist and music theorist. He was one of the most important composers of his day and he wrote lots of different kinds of music. A lot of his music is based on hymns of the Protestant church.
We are not quite certain about the date of his birth. He was born at a time when there was a lot of argument about religion in Germany. His father was a strict Lutheran and lost his job more than once because of his beliefs. We know very little about the life of Praetorius. He seems to have gone to the Lateinschule ("Latin School") in Torgau where he had music lessons from Michael Voigt. He probably never had music lessons after he left school. Then he went to the University of Frankfurt an der Oder. There Praetorius graduated in divinity. Afterwards he found a job as organist to the Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. He soon earned a good salary. He married in 1603 and had two sons.
Although he had his job in Wolfenbuttel for many years he also worked a lot in Dresden where he met Heinrich Schutz and in Magdeburg where he met Samuel Scheidt. His health was not good, possibly because he worked so hard. When he died he left a lot of money to the poor.
His music
Praetorius wrote a very large amount of music. Much of it has been lost. He wrote a collection of French dances called Terpsichore for a small group of instruments. These are very happy pieces and are very popular today. A lot of his music is based on Protestant hymns, written for the services in the Lutheran church. He liked to write music in which two groups of singers or instrumentalists alternate (take it in turns to sing/play). His music for choir, which includes many motets, shows him to be one of the best composers of his time. He liked to write music for two, three or four choirs (all singing different parts). The tune would be in the top part so that the congregation could join in.
His theory works
Praetorius wrote a book about music theory called Syntagma Musicum. Part One talks about religious music. It is very interesting for us today because it tells us a lot about the way that Martin Luther wanted to change music in the church services. In Part Two he described the musical instruments of his day. Part Three talks about musical forms: this included discussions about things like music notation (the way music was written), transposition (music), solmization and how to write for large choirs. He was going to write a Part Four in which he wanted to discuss the technique of musical composition, but he died before he could write it.
Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer is cancer in one or both testicles, a part of the male reproductive system. In the United States, about 8,000 to 9,000 people are diagnosed with the cancer every year. Every male has a 1 in 250 (four tenths of one percent, or 0.4%) chance of being diagnosed with it. It is most common among males aged 15-40 years. Testicular cancer has one of the highest cure rates of all cancers; more than 90%. This is most often achieved by removing one or both testicles. Even in the small number of cases where the cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate of at least 50%.
Symptoms and early detection
Because testicular cancer is curable (stage I can have a success rate of >95%) when detected early, experts recommend regular monthly testicular self-examination after a hot shower or bath, when the scrotum is looser. Men are advised to feel each testicle, feeling for pea-shaped lumps.
Symptoms of testicular cancer include one or more of the following:
a lump in one testis or a hardening of one of the testicles
pain and tenderness in the testicles
build-up of fluid in the scrotum
a dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin
a change in the size of a testicle
blood in semen
How bad the cancer is and whether it is present at all is often discovered through ultrasound of the testicles, x-rays, and/or CT scans. Blood tests are also used to identify and measure tumour markers that are only in a person's blood if they have testicular cancer. Biopsies should not be performed because it increases the risk of migrating cancer cells into the scrotum.