kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Raktha Sambandham (TV series)

Raktha Sambandham is an Indian Telugu-language drama television series. It stars Meghana Lokesh, Siddu, Jackie, Jyothi Reddy, and Meena Kumari. Raktha Sambandham premiered on 9 April 2018. It broadcasts in Zee Telugu and ZEE5 before TV telecast.
Plot
The story is about the loving relationship of two siblings, Krishna Prasad (Jackie) and Krishna Priya (Meena Kumari). Sharing a strong bond between them, Priya adores Krishna Prasad and is even willing to sacrifice her own happiness for her brother's needs.
Prasad's wife, Durgamma (Jyothi reddy) and Priya bcome pregnant around same time. Due to social conditions and comments, Durgamma says she will die if she doesn't give birth to a male child. Unfortunately, Durgamma gets a girl, Tulasi. Priya gives birth to a boy, Adithya. Later they are exchanged by their parents to save Durgamma's life. Only Prasad, Priya and her husband and also Prasad's mother know the truth of the children's birth.
Durgamma always boasts about her son and insults Priya and Tulasi. Tulasi always enjoys fighting with Durgamma which annoys Durgamma. Then Tulasi and Adithya fall in love with each other but Durgamma agree to get them married. the rest of the story is about how Durgamma tries to separate the loving couple and how Tulasi overcomes the hard conditions and wins Durgamma's acceptance for their wedding.
Cast
Main Cast
Meghana Lokesh as Tulasi
Siddarardh Varma as Aditya
Jackie as Krishna Prasad
Meena Kumari as Krishna Priya
Siddu as Aditya
Jyothi Reddy as Kanka Durga
Vasudha Kasul as Venkatlaxmi
Remade
This series now remade into Tamil language as Raja Magal which is airing on Zee Tamil.
Digital Release
ZEE5 launched all the episodes of Raktha Sambandham, including latest episodes, on Zee5 website and Zee5 app under their "Before TV" service.
V. V. Giri

Varahagiri Venkata Giri commonly known as V. V. Giri, was the fourth President of India. He was also the 3rd Vice President of India. He was the President from 24 August 1969 to 24 August 1974. As President, Giri was the only person to be elected as an independent candidate. He was succeeded by Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed as President in 1974. After the end of his full term, Giri was honoured by the Government of India with the Bharat Ratna in 1975. Giri died on 24 June 1980.
Histology

Histology is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals, particularly the tissues. It is a part of cytology, and an essential tool of biology and medicine.
Histology is usually done by looking at cells and tissues under a light microscope or electron microscope. The tissue has to be specially prepared beforehand.
The process
The stages below are only described in outline. Laboratories which do histology work from schedules which are much more detailed.
Fixing
Chemical fixatives are used to preserve tissue from decay. This preserves the structure of the cell and of sub-cellular components such as cell organelles (e.g., nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria). The most common fixative for light microscopy is formalin (4% formaldehyde in saline).
Embedding
After fixing, the block of tissue is embedded in paraffin wax. This holds and preserves the tissue as a block.
Sectioning
The section is cut into a series of wafer-thin slices, each of which is put on a glass microscope slide. The machine which cuts the block is a mechanical guillotine which can be set to cut at a suitable depth for the tissue in question.
Staining
Stains are dyes, chemicals used to make cells and tissues easy to see under a microscope. There are many tissue stains, and each of them has advantages and disadvantages.
Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)
This is the most widely used stain in biology and medicine. Haematoxylin colours cell nuclei and eosin colours cell cytoplasm.
Silver nitrate
Camillo Golgi developed a silver nitrate stain for nerve cells. His idea was used by Santiago Ramon y Cajal in his famous work on the structure of brain tissue.
Modern techniques
Electron microscopy is used often as well as light microscopy. This has its own procedures. Its advantage is that it resolves things which light cannot resolve. For example, viruses were first seen by electron microscopy..
Specialised selective stains using immunology or radioactive labelling are now routine. The advantage of using antibodies or radioactive labels is that they stick to specific kinds of molecules.
Increasingly popular is tagging with a fluorescent stain, which shows up even if a tiny part of a cell is stained. Immunoinfluorescence is the name of this particular technique.
Ursula Brauch

Ursula Brauch (born 18 October 1962) is a German rower. At the 1984 Summer Olympics, she took part in the single sculls event for women.
Truckee, California

Truckee is an incorporated town in the U.S. state of California. The city is in the northeast part of the state.
Horgau

Horgau () is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany.
Master Chief

Master Chief Petty Officer John-117 is a fictional person. He is the main protagonist of the Halo video game series. He is also called Master Chief, or Spartan-117.
Master Chief is a player character in Halo: Combat Evolved, Halo 2, Halo 3, Halo 4, Halo 5: Guardians and Halo Infinite. He also is also featured in several novels and other games in the Halo series.
The character is never seen without his green-colored armor and helmet. He is one of the most recognizable characters from Halo. Several action figures of the character are available.
IOS 10

iOS 10 is a version of iOS released on September 13, 2016, preceded by iOS 9. iOS 10 includes new features such as 3D touch improvements, the lock screen, Emojis in Messages, Siri's compatibility to third-party apps, and many others. This is the first time Apple has dropped support for devices since iOS 8. Apple since then have a limited support for the iPhone 5, iPhone 5C, and the fourth-generation iPad.
Changes
iOS 10 supports Xserve.
Messages
The user now has the option of downloading applications from a app store in Messages.
Lisbet Arredondo Reyes

Lisbet Arredondo Reyes (born 22 November 1987) is a Cuban female volleyball player. She played for the Cuba women's national volleyball team. She played at the 2006 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, 2009 Women's NORCECA Volleyball Championship, 2009 Pan-American Games, 2007 Montreux Volley Masters, 2009 Montreux Volley Masters, 2010 Montreux Volley Masters, and 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.
She played for Villa Clara, Volejbol Kluby Sygys, Yesilyurt, Gresik Petrokimia Volleyball Club, Hameenlinnan Pallokerho Naiset, CV Logrono, and IBSA Palmas.
Abu Hena

Abu Hena ( - 14 November 2020) was a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician. From 1996 to 2006, he was a member of the Jatiya Sangsad.
Hena died on 14 November 2020 in Dhaka of COVID-19.
House of Bourbon-Parma

The Bourbons of Parma are a royal family who ruled the Duchy of Parma from 1748 till 1860 when Italy was created. The family was founded by the Infante Philip of Spain, third son of Philip V of Spain and Elisabetta Farnese. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) ended the War of the Austrian Succession, and gave the land to Philip.
Philip married Louise Elisabeth of France and the present pretending duke of Parma (Carlos/Carlo of Parma) is a direct descendant. The duchy was taken by the House of Savoy when the state of Italy was created.
Dhaka Courier

The Dhaka Courier an English-language news magazine in Bangladesh. It started in 1984, so it is the longest running English language news magazine in the country. It is about politics, international affairs, economics, travel, literature, society and the arts. The Cosmos Group owns the magazine. Amanullah Khan owns the Cosmos Group. The Dhaka Courier is connected to a large news agency in Bangladesh, United News of Bangladesh.
The editor of the magazine is Shayan S Khan. Syed Badrul Ahsan, Afsan Chowdhury and M Harunur Rashid have been editors before.
Issime

Issime is a comune in the Aosta Valley region in Italy.
Fred C. Koch

Fred Chase Koch (; September 23, 1900 - November 17, 1967) was an American chemical engineer and entrepreneur who founded the oil refinery firm that later became Koch Industries, the second-largest privately held company in the United States.
Koch was born in Quanah, Texas. He died in Bear River City, Utah.
Samsung Galaxy

Samsung Galaxy is a series of mobile devices made by Samsung. Most of them are smartphones and tablet computers that run Android, an operating system made by Google. New models come out every year.
The first Samsung Galaxy phone came out in June 2009. There are many different models of phones. Each of them is different, such as in the size of their screens or what features it has, but the best of them is the Galaxy S series. The most recent Galaxy S phones are the Samsung Galaxy S23, S23+ and S23 Ultra, which were all released in February 2022. Of the other Galaxy phones, the now-discontinued Galaxy Note series has a bigger screen and a stylus pen. The most recent of these, the Galaxy Note 20 and Note 20 Ultra, were both released in August 2020.
The first Samsung Galaxy Tab came out in September 2010. The most recent are the Galaxy Tab S8, S8+, S8 Ultra and A8 10.5, which all announced in March 2022. Like the phones, there are different models of Galaxy tablets, which can have screen sizes from 7 inches all the way up to 12 inches. Some models have keyboards that plug into the device to make it easier to type, while others have a stylus, like the Galaxy Note phones. Also, although most of the Galaxy tablets use Android, some of the newer ones, such as the Galaxy TabPro S, use Windows 10 instead.
Samsung also made smartwatches under the Galaxy brand. The first of these was the Galaxy Gear, which came out in September 2013. The company has since made some new models, including the Galaxy Gear Live in June 2014, but later ones are branded as Samsung Galaxy Watch and Samsung Galaxy Active.
Besides their own products, Samsung also made the Nexus S and Galaxy Nexus phones, and the Nexus 10 tablet. These are all part of Google's own Nexus series of phones. Unlike Samsung's own phones, they have no extra mobile apps added or changes made to the user interface.
Siberian ibex

The Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica), also known as the Altai ibex or Gobi ibex, is a species of ibex that lives in central Asia.
Appearance
They are the longest and heaviest goats known, though they are surpassed in shoulder height. Males are between 88 and 110 cm (35 and 43 in) in shoulder height, and weigh between 60 and 130 kg (130 and 290 lb). Females are noticeably smaller, with heights between 67 and 92 cm (26 and 36 in), and weights between 34 and 56 kg (75 and 123 lb). Both genders have beards, though it is shorter and can be possibly absent in females. The colouration is also variable, from dark brown to light tan, with some reddish individuals.
Taxonomy
The wild goat species form a closely related group with complicated internal systematics. Externally, the various forms are distinguished mainly by the sometimes very large horns of the males, while the females are also relatively similar between species. On the basis of the horns of the males one believed for a long time to be able to distinguish different species or species groups. Alpine ibex, Siberian ibex and Nubian ibex, for example, look very similar and were considered to be particularly closely related. What remained puzzling was the fact that the ranges of these three forms are separated by those of other wild goat species. Genetic studies, however, strongly suggest that the Siberian Ibex and the Nubian Ibex each represent separate species, with the Siberian Ibex standing at the base of the genus Capra
Subspecies
Though some recent authorities treat the species as monotypic, others have recognized four subspecies, based mainly on differences in total size and size of horns:
C. s. sibirica - Sayan Mountains
C. s. alaiana - Alay Mountains
C. s. hagenbecki - western Mongolia
C. s. sakeen - Pamir Mountains, western Himalayas, India, Afghanistan and Pakistan
Habitat and Distribution
Siberian ibexes live mostly above the tree line, in areas of steep slopes and rocky scree. Most Siberian ibexes are seen in central and northern Asia, Afghanistan, western and northern China (Primarily Xinjiang), north-western India, south-eastern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, eastern Uzbekistan, Mongolia, northern Pakistan, and south-central Russia.
Marilyn Beck

Marilyn Beck (December 17, 1928 - May 31, 2014) was an American columnist. Her career began in 1961. She wrote many articles about celebrities such as gossip. She worked for People and US magazines.
Beck was born in Chicago and moved to Los Angeles when she was a child.
Beck died from lung cancer in Oceanside, California, aged 85.
Cooking

Cooking is a process to make food ready to eat by heating it.
Raw food is food that is not cooked. Some foods are good to eat raw. Other foods are not good for the body when they are raw, so they must be cooked. Some foods are good to eat either raw or cooked.
Methods
Cooking is often done in a kitchen using a stove or an oven. It can also be done over a fire (for example, over a campfire or on a barbecue).
The heat for cooking can be made in different ways. It can be from an open fire that burns wood or charcoal. It can be on a stove or in an oven that uses propane, natural gas, or electricity.
There are several different ways to cook food. Boiling cooks food in hot water. Frying (deep or shallow) cooks food in hot butter, fat or oil. Baking and roasting cook food by surrounding it with hot air. Grilling means cooking food on a metal grill that has heat under it.
People often cook meat by boiling, roasting, frying, or grilling it. Some foods such as bread or pastries are usually baked.
Usually food is cooked in some kind of pot or pan. Sometimes people cook food by putting it directly into the fire, or by wrapping the food in leaves before they put it into the fire.
Cooks
A person whose job it is to cook food may be called a cook or a chef. The word cooker means a machine or tool that a cook might use to cook food. Rice cookers and pressure cookers are examples.
Harry van Raaij

Hendrikus Jacobus Maria "Harry" van Raaij (29 August 1936 - 16 November 2020) was a Dutch businessman. He was the chairman of PSV Eindhoven, a Dutch sports club, between 1996 and 2004. Van Raaij was born in Haps, Netherlands. He was a manager at Philips.
Van Raaij died on 16 November 2020 at the age of 84.
Trelleborg

Trelleborg is a town in the county of Scania in Sweden. It is the seat of Trelleborg Municipality.
DeForest Kelley

Jackson DeForest Kelley (January 20, 1920 - June 11, 1999) was an American actor.
Roles
Kelley is most famous for his role as Dr. Leonard McCoy of the USS Enterprise in the television series Star Trek and the six movies that followed.
Also known as well as an older Admiral Dr. Leonard McCoy, Star Fleet Surgeon General Emeritus, in the Star Trek: The Next Generation television pilot, "Encounter at Farpoint".
Shaun White

Shaun Roger White (born September 3, 1986 in San Diego, California, United States.) is an American professional snowboarder and skateboarder. He is a two-time Olympic gold medalist. He holds the X Games records for gold medals and highest overall medal count. He has also won 10 ESPY Awards. Nowadays he is a professional snowboarder and skateboarder. He still holds the world record for the most Olympic gold medals in halfpipe snowboarding with a total of three gold medals. He began snowboarding at 5 years old at snow summit. Shaun is immensely proud of the earliest Olympic gold medal he earned in 2006
White was born in San Diego, California on September 3, 1986. His ancestry includes Irish and Italian.
Sazeret

Sazeret is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
Toni Braxton (album)

Toni Braxton is the self-titled record by the Toni Braxton. It was released in July 1993. Songs on the album include "Breathe Again", "I Belong to You" and "You Mean the World to Me".
Zhoukou

Zhoukou () is a prefecture-level city in eastern Henan province, China. In 2010, 8,953,793 people lived there.
Administration
Zhoukou administers 1 district, 1 county-level city and 8 counties.
Ramón Martínez Pérez

Ramon Martinez Perez (6 February 1929 - 6 January 2017), also known as Romani, was a Spanish footballer. He played as a midfielder for Sevilla and Granada of La Liga. He also played for CD Malaga and made two appearances for the national team in 1952.
Martinez Perez died on 6 January 2017 at the age of 87.
Hip hop soul

Hip hop soul is a subgenre of hip hop, contemporary R&B, soul, and new jack swing.
Characteristics
Hip hop soul first started as a genre that fused hip hop with soul music. Some of the best songs of hip hop soul include "I'll Make Love to You", "Lonely", "Swim Good" and "Can't Be Without You". It was very popular at first. Then, it began to lose commercial success because of its late sexual lyrics and dark themes.
Brainfuck

The brainfuck programming language is an esoteric (weird and unusual) programming language. It was created by Urban Muller in 1993. It has eight instructions (commands) which operate (do things on) a tape. Instructions are done one by one, in order. The tape has multiple sections. Each section is a number. Each section is, in the beginning, zero. Brainfuck is like a Turing machine.
Instruction table
Examples
[-]If the current section is not zero, these three commands subtract one until the current section is zero. Otherwise, they leave it at zero. +++--These five commands first add three to the current section. Then, they subtract two from the current section. Since , these five commands are the same as "+" alone.
Derivatives
As a result of brainfuck's fame, many derivatives (versions) of brainfuck have been created. These include Brain-Flak, pbrain, and tinyBF. Most are also Turing complete, just like brainfuck.
Jason Bay

Jason Raymond Bay (born September 20, 1978) is a Canadian-American former professional baseball left fielder. Bay played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres, Pittsburgh Pirates, Boston Red Sox, New York Mets and Seattle Mariners. Bay was the National League Rookie of the Year in 2004 and he won the Silver Slugger Award in 2009. He is a three-time MLB All-Star and a three-time Tip O'Neill Award winner as the best Canadian baseball player.
Career
San Diego Padres (2003)
Bay debuted with the Padres on May 23, 2003, getting his first major league hit, a home run, in the ninth inning. Two days later, he suffered a broken right wrist after being hit by a pitch.
Pittsburgh Pirates (2003-2008)
On August 26, 2003, Bay was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates, along with Oliver Perez and Cory Stewart in exchange for Brian Giles. He finished the season with a .287 batting average, four home runs, and 14 RBI in 30 games.
Boston Red Sox (2008-2009)
On July 31, 2008, Bay and a player to be named later (Josh Wilson)[8] were traded to the Boston Red Sox in a three team deal that sent Manny Ramirez to the Los Angeles Dodgers and Andy LaRoche with Bryan Morris to the Pittsburgh Pirates from the Dodgers and Brandon Moss with Craig Hansen to the Pirates from the Red Sox.
Back to December

"Back to December" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was produced by Nathan Chapman and Swift. It is from her third studio album, Speak Now (2010).
The song was released in the United States on November 14, 2010. It was the second single from Speak Now. According to Swift, "Back to December" is the first time she ever apologizes to someone in a song. The song is about breakup and wanting to go back to former times. Its lyrics are a remorseful plea for forgiveness for breaking up with a former lover. This single got very high reviews from the critics. It was a hit in the United States in 2010. It peaked at #3 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and at #6 on the Hot 100 chart.
Nasal hair

Nasal hair are small hair-like cells in the nose. Most of them can be found near the nostrils. The purpose of these hairs is to act as a filter, keeping dust and dirt out of the nasal passages. They also draw liquid mucus up from the epithelium by capillary action. In that way, they help to maintain humidity in the air passages and stop them from drying out. The hairs trap moisture as air is breathed out. The evaporation of trapped moisture on the hairs increases the humidity of air as it is breathed in. Note that nasal hair is different from the cilia found in the nose, which are part of the olfactory system.
Some cultures consider nose hair coming out from the nostrils to be ugly. The increased growth of nasal cilia with age (particularly for men) is often a source of anxiety and embarrassment. A number of devices have been sold to trim the nose hair, including small rotary clippers and attachments for electric shavers. However, given the role of nasal cilia, many doctors recommend trimming them lightly, if at all. There is evidence that the movement in the ciliar slows down with age. This may be the reason that old people have more respiratory infections.
Conference

A conference is an event where people get together to discuss things. For example, scientists usually present their findings at conferences. Many other types of people other than scientists attend conferences also. Business people sometimes come together to talk about things. International business conferences are very common because it allows individuals to showcase their knowledge to the world. Using modern media, like the Internet, or the telephone people can talk to each other that are not in the same place. This is then called a conference call. Very often, digital video cameras can be used to transmit images, as well as sound.
A Journey

A Journey is a book written by former British Prime Minister Tony Blair. It is about Tony Blair's time as leader of the Labour Party (1994-2007) and Prime Minister (1997-2007).
The book was published on September 1, 2010. All money made by the book was donated to the Royal British Legion, which is a charity that financially and socially helps people who have served or are serving in the British Armed Forces. The book is 624 pages long and has received mixed reviews from critics.
Le Mazis

Le Mazis is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Humboldt, Iowa

Humboldt is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Meulebeke

Meulebeke is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
In 2007, 10,983 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 57 North, 03deg 17 East.
V-type asteroid

V-type asteroids or Vestoids are asteroids that are similar to 4 Vesta. It is the largest asteroid in this class. This is where the name "V-type" comes from.
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)

The CPN (Unified-Socialist) () is a political party in Nepal. The party was officially announced and registered at Election Commission, Nepal on 18 August 2021. Madhav Kumar Nepal is the coordinator of the new party. As of August 2021, the this party was junior ally in Deuba government.
Formation
The President of Nepal issued second amendment on political parties related act on 18 August 2021. This opened the way to formalize the splits inside the dispute between two factions of Janata Samajbadi Party, Nepal and CPN(UML) respectively. The CPN(UML) faction led by Madhav Kumar Nepal, which had a long dispute with CPN(UML) chairman KP Sharma Oli, registered their party by the name 'CPN-UML (Socialist)' with the Election Commission. At the time of the launch of the CPN-UML (Socialist), the party claimed to have 31 members in the two national houses of parliament.
A Central Committee with 95 members was announced as well. Madhav Kumar Nepal would act as the coordinator of the party.
Royal Palace of Aranjuez

The Royal Palace of Aranjuez () is one of the places the King of Spain lives. It is in the town of Aranjuez, Community of Madrid, Spain. The palace is open to the public as one of the Spanish royal sites.
It was originally the site of a medieval hunting lodge. Philip II built it as a modest summer palace. The palace was designed by Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera who also designed El Escorial. Later kings kept adding to it. It was completed during the reign of Ferdinand VI in the mid-18th century. Charles III added two wings to it. By that time the palace had over 300 rooms.
The Royal Palace of Aranjuez was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.
FBI search of Mar-a-Lago

On August 8, 2022, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) performed a search warrant at Mar-a-Lago, the personal residence of former U.S. president Donald Trump in Palm Beach, Florida. The search was about a safe owned by Trump that might have had classified documents from the White House when Trump was president. Trump was at Trump Tower in New York City during the search.
The White House said that President Joe Biden did not know about the search before it happened.
Many Republicans including Marco Rubio, Ron DeSantis, Mike Pence, Marjorie Taylor Greene and Kevin McCarthy and some Democrats including Tulsi Gabbard, Andrew Cuomo and Andrew Yang did not support the FBI raid and criticized the FBI.
FC Astana

Football Club Astana (Kazakh: "Astana" futbol kluby; usually just called FC Astana or simply Astana) is a professional association football club from Astana, Kazakhstan. They currently play in the Kazakhstan Premier League. They were founded as Lokomotiv Astana in 2009 from football clubs Almaty: Megasport and Alma-Ata, the club changed its name to Astana in 2011.
Their short history already included two league titles, two Kazakhstan Cups and two Kazakhstan Super Cups. In 2015, Astana qualified to the UEFA Champions League group stage, becoming the first Kazakh team to do so.
Liepāja

Liepaja is a city in Latvia with town rights since 1625. It is on the Baltic Sea. It is the third largest city in the country, after Riga and Daugavpils.
Takayuki Yokoyama

Takayuki Yokoyama (born 22 December 1972) is a former Japanese football player.
COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Sweden on 31 January 2020.
Cases
The first case when a woman returning from Wuhan tested positive. On 26 February, following outbreaks in Italy and in Iran, multiple travel-related appeared in Sweden. The disease began to spread in the country was on 9 March in the Stockholm region. Since then, individuals in every lan (county) have tested positive for COVID-19.
The first death was reported on 11 March in Stockholm, a case of community transmission.
Response
Sweden has not created a lockdown, unlike many other countries, and kept large parts of its society open.
The Public Health Agency issued recommendations to: if possible, work from home; avoid unnecessary travel within the country; to engage in social distancing; and for people above 70 to stay at home, as much as possible.
Testing and numbers
Sweden began testing for the virus in January, and by early May, about 148,000 tests had been performed. , there were 27,909 confirmed cases, of which 1,768 received intensive care, and 3,460 deaths related to COVID-19 in Sweden.
NGC 6025

NGC 6025 is an open cluster in the Triangulum Australe constellation. It is about 2,700 light-years away from Earth.
Kevin McKenna (Irish republican)

Kevin McKenna (; 25 June 1945 - 25 June 2019) was an Irish republican and volunteer in the Tyrone Brigade. He was the Chief of Staff of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). McKenna was the longest-serving chief of staff of the IRA, serving from 1983 to 1997.
Crossbill

The crossbills are a genus, Loxia, of birds in the finch family (Fringillidae). There are three to five (or possibly many more) species.
These birds have mandibles with crossed tips, which gives the group its English name. Adult males tend to be red or orange in colour, and females green or yellow, but there is much variation.
Crossbills are specialist feeders on conifer cones. The unusual bill shape is an adaptation to get seeds from cones. These birds are typically found in higher northern hemisphere latitudes, where their food sources grow. They move ("erupt") out of the breeding range if the cone crop fails. Crossbills breed very early in the year, often in winter months. This is the time to get the most cones.
They put their beak slightly open between the scales of conifer cones. Then they close their beaks and the tips push the scales apart. This lets them get at the seed (usually two seeds per scale). The point is that, as cones mature, they tend to open when dry and close when wet.
Eventually they fall, and lie on the ground. As they dry the scales naturally open, and any animal can get at the seeds. With their beaks, crossbills can get at the seeds much earlier than any other animal.
Food preferences
Each species' bill shape is optimised for opening seeds from different species of conifer. Their preferred food sources are:
Parrot crossbill, Loxia pytyopsittacus
Scots pine Pinus sylvestris
Scottish crossbill, Loxia scotica (formerly treated as a race of parrot crossbill)
Scots pine Pinus sylvestris and Larch Larix species (particularly plantations of L. decidua)
Red crossbill or common crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
Spruce Picea species; some populations (distinct species?) on various pine Pinus species and (in western North America) Douglas-fir
Two-barred crossbill or white-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera
Larch Larix species, particularly L. sibirica, L. gmelinii, L. laricina and (in North America) also hemlock Tsuga
Hispaniolan crossbill, Loxia megaplaga (previously treated as a race of two-barred crossbill)
Hispaniolan pine Pinus occidentalis
The relationships between crossbill species has been much studied.
Okinawa Urban Monorail

The Okinawa Urban Monorail, or the Yui Rail, is a monorail train line in Naha, the capital of Okinawa, Japan. It is the only public train line in the entire prefecture, and right now the entire line is only in Naha. It has 15 stops, beginning from Naha Airport and ending in Shuri Station. There are plans to extend the line to Urasoe City. There are also plans to allow passengers to pay using Suica by the spring of 2020.
Pope Alexander IV

Pope Alexander IV (; c. 1185 - 25 May 1261), born Rinaldo Conti di Segni, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the 182nd Pope from 1254 until his death.
Early life
Rinaldo Conti di Segni was born into the family of the counts of Segni. His relations included Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX.
Cardinal
In 1227, Gregory IX made Conti a cardinal.
Pope
Cardinal Conti was elected pope on December 12, 1254. He chose to be called Alexander IV.
Pope Alexander was involved in Italian and European political disputes. The pope tried and failed to affect politics in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Citron (color)

For other meanings,see Citron (disambiguation)
Citron is a dark lemon color similar to that of the fruit citron.
Saint-Juire-Champgillon

Saint-Juire-Champgillon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.
Boulaide

Boulaide (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Wiltz.
As of 2019, 1,307 people live here.
Muldraugh, Kentucky

Muldraugh is a city of Kentucky in the United States. It is located in the Hardin and Meade counties.
Zamora Cathedral

Zamora Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Zamora, Spain. It was built in the middle of the 12th century. King Alfonso VII of Leon and Castile sponsored the construction. The cathedral was built mostly in the Romanesque architectural style. It also has Byzantine influences. It is built on the Latin cross floor plan. Its last bell was built in 1805.
Tower Commission

The Tower Commission was created on 26 November 1986 by U.S. President Ronald Reagan in response to the Iran Contra scandal. Reagan appointed Republican and former Senator John Tower of Texas, former Secretary of State Edmund Muskie, and former National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft.
The Commission's report, published on 26 February 1987, concluded that CIA Director William Casey, who supported the Iran-Contra arrangement, should have taken over the operation and made the President aware of the risks and notified Congress as legally required.
The Commission's work was continued by the Congressional Committees Investigating The Iran-Contra Affair, which were formed in January 1987 and published a report in November 1987; and by Independent Counsel Lawrence Walsh, appointed 1 December 1986 and publishing a final report in 1993.
Phil Phillips

John Philip Baptiste (March 14, 1926 - March 14, 2020), better known as Phil Phillips, was an American singer and songwriter. He is best known for his 1959 song, "Sea of Love". The song went to No. 2 in the US Billboard Hot 100 pop chart. It also spent 14 weeks in the top 40, as well as reaching No. 1 on the R&B chart. In 1959, it sold over one million copies and was awarded a gold disc. The single has had notable covers by Del Shannon (which reached No. 33 on the pop chart in 1982), the Honeydrippers (which peaked at No. 3 spending 14 weeks in the top 40 in 1984) and Tom Waits. Phillips' version was featured most notably in the movie Sea of Love (1989), starring Al Pacino.
Phillips was born in Crowley, Louisiana. He was married and had seven children. On March 14, 2020, Phillips died on his 94th birthday in Lake Charles, Louisiana.
Matteo Schablas

Matteo Schablas (14 March 2005 in Aichach, Germany) is an Austrian football player. He playes for FC Liefering as defender in the 2nd Austrian League.
Career
Schablas began his career at TSV Inchenhofen. He moved to FC Augsburg for the 2014/15 season. For the 2015/16 season he went to the youth team of FC Bayern Munich. From the 2021/22 season he was part of the squad for the U-19 team, for which he also played in the UEFA Youth League in the 2022/23 season.
For the 2023/24 season, Schablas moved to the Austrian second division club FC Liefering. He made his debut in the second division 0 28 July 2023 when he came on as a substitute for Moussa Kounfolo Yeo in the 80th minute against FC Dornbirn 1913 on the first day of that season.
National team
Schablas made his debut for the Austrian U-18 team against Sweden in September 2022.
Conquest of Chile

The Conquest of Chile was a period in the history of Chile that began when Pedro de Valdivia went to Chile in 1541. The conquest of Chile ended when Martin Garcia Onez de Loyola died in 1598 in the Battle of Curalaba. It could have also ended after the Destruction of the Seven Cities happened. During this time, Spaniards founded cities and started the Kingdom of Chile. Some cities were founded after the War of Arauco: Santiago (1541), La Serena (1544), Concepcion (1551), La Imperial, Valdivia, Villarrica (1552), Los Confines (1553), Canete (1557), Osorno (1558), Arauco (1566), Castro (1567), Chillan (1580) and Santa Cruz de Onez (1595) were some of the cities made. This period ended with the death of Loyola and the loss of their seven cities in Araucania. The War of Arauco continued but the Spanish were never able to recover their control in the Araucania, at the south of the River of Bio Bio.
Ronaldo

Ronaldo is a Portuguese given name that is similar to the English Ronald. It became a common name in all Portuguese-speaking countries. The name is also very common in Italy and Spanish-speaking countries.
David Malet Armstrong

David Malet Armstrong (8 July 1926 - 13 May 2014), often D. M. Armstrong, was an Australian philosopher. He is well known for his work on metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, and for his defence of a factualist ontology. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008.
Ada County, Idaho

Ada County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 Census, 392,365 people lived in the county. That was more than any other county in Idaho. The county seat and largest city is Boise. Boise is also the state capital.
Federally Administered Tribal Areas

The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) () in Pakistan were areas of Pakistan outside the four provinces, comprising a region of some 27,220 km2 (10,507 mi2). The FATA were merged with the province of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa in 2017. Miran Shah was the tribal capital. There are seven areas known as Agencies and six areas known as Frontier Regions.
Bajaur Agency
Khyber Agency
Kurram Agency
Mohmand Agency
Orakzai Agency
North Waziristan Agency
South Waziristan Agency
Frontier Regions
The Frontier Regions are named after their adjacent settled districts. The administration of the FR is carried out by the DCO / DC of the neighbouring named district. The overall administration of the frontier regions is carried out by the FATA Secretariat, based in Peshawar and reporting to the Governor of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. The six regions are:
Frontier Region Bannu
Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan
Frontier Region Kohat
Frontier Region Lakki Marwat
Frontier Region Peshawar
Frontier Region Tank (Jandola)
Geography
The FATA are bordered by: Afghanistan to the west with the border marked by the Durand Line, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa to the north and east, and Balochistan to the south.
The seven Tribal Areas lie in a north-to-south strip that is adjacent to the west side of the six Frontier Regions, which also lie in a north-to-south strip. The areas within each of those two regions are geographically arranged in a sequence from north to south.
The geographical arrangement of the seven Tribal Areas in order from north to south is:
Bajaur Agency, Mohmand Agency, Khyber, Orakzai Agency, Kurram, North Waziristan, South Waziristan.
The geographical arrangement of the six Frontier Regions in order from north to south is:
Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, Lakki Marwat, Tank, Dera Ismail Khan.
Wesley Willis

Wesley Willis (May 31, 1963 - August 21, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter and visual artist from Chicago.
Willis began a career as an underground singer-songwriter in the outsider music tradition, with songs featuring his bizarre, humorous and often obscene lyrics sung over the auto accompaniment feature on his Technics KN electronic keyboard.
On August 21, 2003, Willis died due to complications from chronic myelogenous leukemia in Skokie, Illinois. He was 40 years old.
Koldo Aguirre

Luis Maria Aguirre Vidaurrazaga (27 April 1939 - 3 July 2019), better known as Koldo Aguirre, was a Spanish football midfielder and manager. He played 12 years for Athletic Bilbao, appearing in 297 competitive matches (61 goals scored) and winning two Copa del Rey trophies.
Death
Aguirre died on 3 July 2019 in Bilbao from a long-illness at the age of 80.
Belgae

The Belgae were a group of tribes living in northern Gaul. They were on the west bank of the Rhine, in the 3rd century BC. Later they were also in Britain, and possibly even Ireland. They gave their name to the Roman province of Gallia Belgica, and very much later, to the modern country of Belgium.
The Belgae came to Britain as raiders and settled in southern Britain shortly before the Romans came. They occupied the area later called Hampshire.
Roh Hoe-chan

Roh Hoe-chan (, 31 August 1956 - 23 July 2018) was a South Korean politician. He was born in Busan. He was a member of the 17th, 19th, and 20th National Assembly from 2004 to 2008, 2012 to 2013 and again from 2016 until his death in 2018. A progressive, Roh was a member of the Justice Party from 2012 until his death.
Roh killed himself by jumping off his apartment on 23 July 2018 in Seoul at the age of 61.
Kazuhiro Suzuki

Kazuhiro Suzuki (born 16 November 1976) is a Japanese football player.
Lagnachi Wife Weddingchi Bayku

Lagnachi Wife Weddingchi Bayku is an Indian Marathi language television comedy series. It started on 21 October 2019 and ended on 3 April 2020. It was produced by Sanjay Zankar under Zankar Films.
The Heat

The Heat is a 2013 police comedy which stars Sandra Bullock and Melissa McCarthy. Bullock plays a Special Agent and the latter plays a detective. This comedy is set in Boston.
Traumatology

Traumatology (from Greek trauma, meaning injury or wound) is the study of wounds and injuries caused by accidents or violence to a person, and the surgical therapy and repair of the damage. It is often linked to orthopedic surgery. Psychological traumatology deals with the mental problems caused by accidents or violence. These problems may happen to a person who is close to someone who has been damaged, even if they have not themselves been injured. Post-traumatic stress disorder is not an uncommon reaction.
Head and neck injuries require the most care after surgery and are most likely to cause death and disabilities.
John Buchan

John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir (1875-1940) was a British statesman and writer, today mostly remembered for his fine adventure stories.
Buchan was educated at the University of Glasgow and Oxford, and began to write and publish stories from his college days. He later qualified as a lawyer and went to South Africa to work there in a government (colonial) job. He later served in many countries as a representative of the British government and was later made Governor-General of Canada. In 1935 the British government honoured him by making him a lord. He died in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1940.
Some of his famous adventure thrillers include Prester John (1910), The Thirty Nine Steps (1915) and Greenmantle (1916). He also wrote some fine historical biographies like Montrose (1928) and Sir Walter Scott (1932).
Triangular number

A triangular number is a number that is the sum of all of the natural numbers up to a certain number. When formed using regularly spaced dots, they tend to form a shape of equilateral triangle, hence the name.
For example, 10 is a "triangular number" because .
The first 25 triangular numbers are: 0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, 66, 78, 91, 105, 120, 136, 153, 171, 190, 210, 231, 253, 276, 300, 325, 351, and so on.
Bruno Fournier

Bruno Michel Fournier is a retired diver from Canada. Bruno competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He was born on 10 January 1967.
Dangote Group

The Dangote Group is a Nigerian multinational industrial conglomerate, founded by the richest black man Aliko Dangote. It is the largest conglomerate in West Africa and one of the largest on the African continent.
Biography
Dangote Group was founded in 1981 as a trading enterprise, importing sugar, cement, rice, fisheries, and other consumer goods for distribution in the Nigeria market.
Jagjivan Ram

Jagjivan Ram (5 April 1908 - 6 July 1986), mostly known as Babuji, was an Indian independence activist and politician from Bihar. He was instrumental in foundation of the All-India Depressed Classes League, an organisation dedicated to attaining equality for untouchables in 1935. He was elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1937 after which he organised the rural labour movement.
Hectosecond

A hectosecond is equal to 100 seconds. It can be written as 102 seconds. There are ten hectoseconds in one kilosecond, which is one thousand seconds. There are ten decaseconds in one hectosecond. There are 864 hectoseconds in one day (24 hours).
Kate Beckinsale

Kathrin Romany Beckinsale (born 26 July 1973) is an English actress. She starred in the movies such as Pearl Harbor (2001), Underworld (2003) and Van Helsing (2004).
Early life
Kathrin Romany Beckinsale was born in Chiswick, London, England. She is the only child of actor Richard Beckinsale and actress Judy Loe. Her father was of one-quarter Burmese ancestry.
She made her first television appearance at the age of four, in an episode of This is Your Life dedicated to her father. When she was five years old, her 31-year-old father died suddenly of a heart attack. Beckinsale was deeply traumatised by the loss and "started expecting bad things to happen". While she has seen her father "more on television than I have in life", "there are certainly enough memories for me not to feel that it's somebody I didn't know."
Her widowed mother moved in with director Roy Battersby when Beckinsale was nine and she was brought up alongside his four sons and daughter. She has a close relationship with her stepfather: "I couldn't have knitted a better one ... He wasn't pushy, he let me come to him." She has a paternal half-sister, actress Samantha Beckinsale.
Robber

A robber is a person who steals or takes something belonging to someone else. Robbers use force or threats to take what they want. A bank robber is someone who steals money from a bank. When the robber takes something, this is called a robbery. One famous robbery was the Great Train Robbery in England. Armed robbery means that the robber used a weapon such as a gun in the robbery. Many robbers have become infamous, such as Jesse James in America and Ben Hall in Australia. Australian robbers used to be called bushrangers.
The word "rob" comes from a Latin word, deraubare. This word came from a German word raub which means clothes. Before clothes were made in factories and became cheap, robbers often took a person's clothes.
Deaths in 2019

The following is a list of notable deaths in 2019. For notable deaths for each month, please see "Months". Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.
Precocious puberty

Precocious puberty is a medical condition that causes children to develop puberty at a very young age. This usually happens before age 9 and the cause is mostly unknown. It is a rare condition.
Going through puberty too early creates medical and psychological problems. The person might not grow as tall as they could. They might feel very different from their friends and other children in school. Girls who go through puberty early have a bigger chance of being sexually assaulted. They also have a bigger chance of becoming pregnant while still a young teenager. There is a bigger chance that later in life they might get a cancer such as breast cancer, because there is a higher risk associated with the number of years the woman had between puberty (usually defined as menarche for studies) and the first time she has a baby.
Drugs called puberty blockers can slow down or temporarily stop the process of puberty.
Vaquita

The vaquita (Phocoena sinus) is a rare type of porpoise. It lives only in the Gulf of California. It is the world's smallest cetacean and most endangered marine mammal. The Vaquita is listed as Critically Endangered by the International Union of Conservation of Nature. Forty years ago, the Vaquita population was estimated to have 1000 living individuals. Current research has shown that from 1990 to now (2021), the population has dropped from close to 500 individuals down to 20 or less. The species is most under threat from illegal fishing activities that are taking place in the Gulf; ongoing bycatch in gillnets used to catch shrimp and to poach the endangered totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi). This species requires a 9-month maternal care period for newborns after birth. Without their mothers, newborns will not be able to survive. Therefore, the loss of a female mother vaquita results in an additional loss of their newborn.
Look
Vaquita have a dark coloring around the eyes and mouth. The upper side of the body is medium to dark gray. The underside is off-white to light gray. It has a rather large fin on its back for its size.
The Vaquita is the smallest type of porpoise in the world, growing up to 5 feet long and weighing up to 120 pounds.
Feeding
Vaquita feed on small, bottom-dwelling fish and squid.
Life
They live alone or in small groups, usually of about three, but sometimes they live in groups of up to ten.
Yehuda Meshi Zahav

Avraham Zvi Yehuda Meshi Zahav (July 19, 1959 - June 29, 2022) was an Israeli social activist. He was a member of the Haredi Jewish community. He was known for being the founder and chairman of ZAKA. Meshi Zahav was born in Jerusalem, Israel.
In April 2021, after being accused of sexual harassment and rape, Meshi Zahav shot himself in the head and was in a coma. He died from his injuries a year later on June 29, 2022 at the age of 62.
Piscinas

Piscinas (Piscinas) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 857 people lived there. Its area is 16.89 km2. It is 66 meters above sea level.
Beaufort County

Beaufort County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Beaufort County, North Carolina
Beaufort County, South Carolina