kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Canadian Grand Prix

The Canadian Grand Prix (known in French as the Grand Prix du Canada) is an auto race held in Canada since 1961. It has been part of the Formula One World Championship since 1967. It was first staged at Mosport Park in Bowmanville, Ontario as a sports car event before it alternated between Mosport and Circuit Mont-Tremblant, Quebec after Formula One took over the event. After 1971 safety concerns led to the Grand Prix moving permanently to Mosport. In 1978 the Canadian Grand Prix moved to its current home on Circuit Ile Notre-Dame in Montreal. In 1982, the track was renamed to Circuit Gilles Villeneuve. This was to honour Canadian Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve, following his death in 1982.
Winners of the Canadian Grand Prix
Repeat winners (drivers)
Drivers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
Repeat winners (constructors)
Teams in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
Repeat winners (engine manufacturers)
Manufacturers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
* Built by Cosworth, funded by Ford
** Between 1999-2005 built by Ilmor, funded by Mercedes
Year by year
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
Council-manager

The council-manager government is one of two main variations of representative municipal government in the United States that began in Staunton, Virginia in 1908. This system of government is used in the majority of American cities with populations over 12,000. When a city has a council-manager form of government, the elected city council usually hires a city manager to oversee the day-to-day management of the city employees. In these cities, the position of Mayor is either a ceremonial position, or does not exist.
Džemma Skulme

Dzemma Lija Skulme (; 20 September 1925 - 9 November 2019) was a Latvian artist and modernist painter. Skulme's personality played an important role in Latvian art development and social life of Latvia in the second half of the 20th century.
In 1992 she was elected honorary member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, and received an honorary doctor degree from the Art Academy of Latvia in 1998.
She died on November 9 at the age of 94.
Paul Gilissen

Paulus Petrus Maria "Paul" Gilissen (28 August 1934 - 9 April 2020) was a Dutch KVP and later CDA politician. Gilissen was born in Amsterdam. He was mayor of Valkenburg-Houthem from 1976 to 1982 and Valkenburg aan de Geul from 1982 to 1990 and again in 1991.
Gilissen died in Maastricht on 9 April 2020, aged 85.
List of rivers of New Zealand

This is a list of rivers in New Zealand. In a small number of cases, there are multiple rivers with the same name; in these cases the notation "(#)" shows the number of rivers sharing the same name.
The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter is a novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It was published on March 16, 1850 by Ticknor, Reed, and Fields of Boston, Massachusetts. It is set in Puritan Boston, Massachusetts in the 1640s. It is about adultery, its punishment, and aftermath. It has been adapted to movies.
Los Angeles Rams

The Los Angeles Rams are a professional American football team in Los Angeles, California, United States. Originally known as the Cleveland Rams, and then later as the St. Louis Rams, they are currently in the Western Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The team has won two NFL Championships and two Super Bowls. Their starting quarterback is Matthew Stafford. They play at SoFi Stadium in Inglewood, California.
The Rams played in Cleveland, Ohio from 1936 to 1945, before moving to Los Angeles, California in 1946. The Rams stayed in Los Angeles until the 1995 season, when the team moved to St. Louis, Missouri and played there until 2015. In 2015, the team was sold and was moved back to Los Angeles. Stan Kroenke, the team's current owner, met with other NFL owners to approve the move. The owners approved the Rams' move to Los Angeles with a 30-2 margin. The Rams returned to Los Angeles at the beginning of the 2016 season. The Rams have won the Super Bowl title in 1999, when they were established in St. Louis.
On May 31, 2009, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported that the Rams were up for sale. The sale price was not known, but Forbes magazine's estimated that the Rams' value was $929 million.
The Time Traveler's Wife (movie)

The Time Traveler's Wife is a 2009 American romantic fantasy drama movie. It was produced by Brad Pitt, Nick Wechsler and Dede Gardner and was directed by Robert Schwentke. The movie was released on August 14, 2009. The movie received mixed reviews with a 38% on Rotten Tomatoes which is rotten and is also rated as a 45% out of 100% by Metacritic. The movie is based on the 2003 novel with the same name.
Herbert Ehrenberg

Herbert Ehrenberg (21 December 1926 - 20 February 2018) was a German politician. He was born in Kollnischken, East Prussia, Weimar Germany. He served as Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs from 1976 through 1982.
Ehrenberg died in Wilhelmshaven, Germany on 20 February 2018 at the age of 91.
Hydrogen halide

Hydrogen halides (or hydrohalic acids) are inorganic compounds that contain a hydrogen ion and a halide ion. The halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Astatine does not make a stable hydrogen halide, so it is not included.
The hydrogen halides are diatomic molecules with no tendency to ionize in the gas phase. Chemists therefore distinguish hydrogen chloride from hydrochloric acid. The former is a gas at room temperature that reacts with water to give the acid. Once the acid has formed, the diatomic molecule can not easily be regenerated.
Prince Benedetto, Duke of Chablais

Benedetto of Savoy (Benedetto Maria Maurizio; 21 June 1741 - 4 January 1808) was a prince of Savoy and Duke of Chablais. He was born in the reign of his father Charles Emmanuel III, King of Sardinia. He has no descendants but had a distinguished military career. He married his niece and was the owner of the Palazzo Chiablese in Turin.
Biography
Chablais was born at the Palace of Venaria and was the was the youngest child of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia and Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine. His mother died giving birth to him. He was named after Pope Benedict XIV who became pope the year before his birth. His maternal cousin's included the future Queen of Naples and the famous Marie Antoinette. He was his fathers favourite child.
His uncle Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor wanted him to marry his daughter daughter Maria Christina of Austria as but it never happened. In 1753 his father gave what is now the Palazzo Chiablese as a home. Chablais extended the palace. His father gave him the title of Duke of Chablais in 1763. As the son of a reigning King he was entitled to the style of Royal Highness.
Chablais married his niece Princess Maria Anna of Savoy on 19 March 1775. The marriage produced no children. Maria Anna died in 1824.
A good soldier, he was given control of the Army of Italy which had French troops and intended on restoring the monarchy in France after the execution of Louis XVI in 1793. He died in Rome aged 66 and was buried at the church of San Nicolo dei Cesarini then later moved to the Royal Basilica of Superga.
Thomas Wayne

Dr. Thomas Wayne is a fictional Batman character who was the father of Bruce Wayne and the husband of Martha Wayne. He was the founder of Wayne Enterprises and was one of Gotham's best doctors. He had a strong relationship with Bruce until he was killed along with his wife by Joe Chill. From his death Bruce became Batman to avenge their deaths.
Jeffrey Dean Morgan plays Thomas in the DC Extended Universe first appearing in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) and Brett Cullen plays him in the 2019 movie Joker.
Gord Wilson

Gordon Allan Wilson (born August 13, 1932) is a retired professional ice hockey player. He played two games in the National Hockey League. He played with the Boston Bruins.
Langrial

Langrial is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is in the south west of the district and borders Haripur District.
Subdivisions
The Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Basgora, Chotala, Dabran, Danna Nooral, Faqir Mohammad, Gali Batgran, Karkaki, Langrial, Lassan and Manjia. Other villages are Kialapain and Basara.
Mardin

Mardin is a city in southeastern Turkey. The city is in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. In 2020, 139,254 people lived there.
Maryla Freiwald

Maryla Freiwald (8 January 1911 -- 1962) was a Polish track and field hurdler, long jumper and sprinter. She was a member of Makabi Krakow and represented Poland at international competitions.
Freiwald won the bronze medal at the 1930 Women's World Games in the 4 x 100 metres relay event. In the 80 metres hurdles event she reached the final where she finished fourth. She also competed at the 1934 Women's World Games in London in the 80 metres hurdles event where she was eliminated in the semi-finals.
Freiwald became eight times Polish national champion. Five times in the 80 m hurdles (1928, 1929, 1934, 1935 and 1936), in the 4 x 200 m relay (1936) in the long jump (1927) and in the standing long jump. She was also set the Polish record in the 80 metres (13.1 seconds) in 1929.
Rögle BK

Rogle BK is an ice hockey club in the town of Angelholm in Sweden. The club was established in 1921 as a bandy club, even if no governing body was established until 18 December 1932. The club won the Scanian bandy district championship in 1948, before adopting the game of ice hockey in 1950.
In 1992, Rogle BK qualifyed for the Swedish top division for first time. They continued playing in the top division until 1996. Rogle qualifyed for the top division in 2008 and again in 2012 but after failing to requalify, the club will play in the second-tier Hockeyallsvenskan.
The most famous player ever played in Rogle is probably Kenny Jonsson.
Bird women

Bird women are the legendary hybrid creatures with parts of human females and birds. They appear in various stories of many mythological as well as folk tales across different cultures of the world.
Atari, Inc.

Atari, Inc. is an American video game and home computer company. It was founded in 1972 by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney. Atari was the first company to make a video arcade game in a cabinet. The company made famous games, such as Pong. Atari helped define the gaming entertainment industry and home computers from the 1970s to the mid-1980s. They made home computers until 1993.
Akkineni Nageswara Rao

Akkineni Nageswara Rao (20 September 1923 - 22 January 2014) was an Indian movie actor and producer. He worked in the Telugu cinema. He became a famous stage artiste. He was known for playing female characters because women at that time were prohibited from acting.
Rao died on 22 January 2014 in Hyderabad from cancer aged 90.
Clamp

A clamp is a device used to hold things tightly together and to prevent movement and/or separation of objects.
Clamps are used in technical work, such as woodworking. There are also special types of clamps used in medicine.
Ati Graaumans

Antonius Martinus "Ati" Graaumans (born 3 December 1945) is a former Dutch football defender. He played for NAC Breda and the Belgian club KFC Wuustwezel.
In May 1969, a week before his marriage, he got injured within the first minutes in the match against GVAV and had to go to the hospital because of a 25 cm long deep cut.
His nephew Ad Graaumans also played for NAC Breda.
Fiat Punto

The Fiat Punto is a car produced by Fiat in three generations since 1993. Production of the first generation Punto was 3.429 million units, second generation 2.96 million units, and third generation 2.67 million units.
2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses

The 2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses were the first votes to decide the nominee in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries for the 2020 United States presidential election, taking place on 3 February 2020. The winner was Pete Buttigieg, which made him the first openly gay person to win a presidential contest. The Iowa caucuses are closed caucuses, only allowing for people who are registered as a person in the Democratic Party to vote. Iowa gives 49 delegates to the 2020 Democratic National Convention, of which 41 are pledged delegates given to candidates based on the results of the caucuses.
After a three day delay in reporting the votes, the Iowa Democratic Party announced that Buttigieg had been awarded two more delegates than Sanders, but Sanders had won the popular vote in the state. Most of the media outlets would say that Buttigieg would be the winner, but the Associated Press declined to declare who would be the winner until all recount voting processes had been finished. The official result and calculation of pledged delegates was delayed again by a further six days after the election as they needed to correct the results from 3.1% (55) of the precincts. Both Buttigieg and Sanders then requested a recanvass for 8.1% of the official results, which narrowed Buttigieg's lead over Sanders to 0.08 SDEs.
The caucuses would be controversial because of the delays in the reporting of the results. Much of the delay was as a result of the mobile application used to report voting totals. More controversy started because of the errors and continued changing in the calculation and reporting of the SDEs. The Iowa Democratic Party chair would resign on the 12 February 2020 because of the criticism of the reporting.
Chârost

Charost is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. Around 941 people lived there in January 2019.
Rangpuri language

Rangpuri is an Indo-Aryan language. It is spoken in India and Bangladesh. Sources disagree about how many people speak it. A 1991 census said it was spoken by 5 million people. It is a Bengali-Assamese language spoken by the Rajbanshi people in India and Bangladesh. Many are bilingual in either Bengali or Assamese. Together with Rajbanshi of Nepal and Surjapuri, it forms the KRNB lects.
This is the native language of people of Cooch Behar, Lower Assam, Jalpaiguri, Darjeeling and some parts of Bangladesh.
Other names of the language are Rajbangsi, Rajbansi, Rajbanshi, Kamta, Kamtapuri, Kamatpuri, Kamatapuri, Kamrupi, Deshi Bhasha. Recently, "Kamtapuri Bhasha Academy" (2017) is formed by West Bengal Government.
Brownsville, Tennessee

Brownsville is a city in Haywood County, Tennessee, United States. It is the county seat of Haywood County, located in the western Tennessee Delta. Its population as of the 2010 census was 10,292.
Demon's Souls

Demon's Souls is an action RPG on the Playstation 3 video game console made by Hidetaka Miyazaki and FromSoftware. It is the first game in the Souls series of video games. It is known for being a very hard game. Its difficulty was liked and disliked by many people. The gameplay has some similar features to FromSfotware's earlier game, King's Field, like exploring for armor and weapons, having a high difficulty, and having timing-based fighting, but it is different because Demon's Souls has a third-person point of view.
The idea of the game was created some time before the game came out, but many workers in FromSoftware did not think the game would be popular. However, when Miyazaki began working for From, he picked up the project and made Demon's Souls into a game. Since From was a little-known video game developer and they thought the game would not sell well anyway, From had a lot of freedom of making the game they wanted to make, as they did not have to remove a lot of features to please video game publishers. Surprisingly, Demon's Souls sold many more copies and became much more popular than From thought. It would be popular enough to make three sequels and two spiritual successors, Bloodborne and Sekiro.
Aba wrestling

Aba wrestling () is an old Anatolian Turkish traditonal wrestling style since the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, from the Citys Gaziantep and Hatay in Turkey, where the Wrestlers (Pehlivans) wear a special garment called Aba, made from camel hair.
Villarreal

Villarreal is a city in the province of Castellon, Valencian Community, Spain. In 2010, 51,367 people lived there.
International Phonetic Alphabet chart

This page is a chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic symbols. These are created and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a full list of every single sound that is in every language.
João Paulo dos Reis Veloso

Joao Paulo dos Reis Veloso (July 12, 1931 - February 19, 2019) was a Brazilian economist and politician. He was Minister of Planning between 1969 and 1979, and also was the President of the Institute of Applied Economic Research. He was born in Parnaiba.
Veloso died on February 19, 2019 in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 87.
Mon Calamari

Mon Calamari were species from the water planet of Mon Cala appearing in Star Wars. First appearing in Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi the species has also appeared in many of the books, comics and TV shows. The most notable Mon Calamari is admiral Gial Ackbar. Many Mon Calamari served in the Rebel Alliance. Mon Calamari are amphibian and are most commonly seen in brown skin but it can vary.
Republic of Taiwan (1895)

The Republic of Taiwan was a short-lived republic on the island of Taiwan. It is also called in ; which means "Democratic State of Taiwan". In English it was also called the: Formosan Republic, Taiwan Republic and the Republic of Formosa.
The Republic of Taiwan was formed in 1895. It did not last for very long. The Treaty of Shimonoseki which ended the war between the Qing Dynasty of China and the Empire of Japan, gave Taiwan to the Japanese. The republic began when the Chinese left in May, 1895, and ended when the Japanese soldiers arrived in October, 1896. Some historians say it was the first republic in Asia, but there was one earlier, the Lanfang Republic, which had been started in 1777.
The republic was started by a group of high officials and local people who still supported the Qing. They wanted to stop the Japanese take over of Taiwan. On May 24, 1895 the new republic sent a copy of its declaration of independence to all the embassies on Taiwan. The next day the new government held an independence ceremony. The Republic of Taiwan made their own stamps. They also printed their own paper money, which is now very hard to find.
They were always loyal to the Qing, and said that the Republic would be part of the Qing state. The first president of the Republic of Taiwan was the old governor, Tang Ching-sung, who served from May 25, 1895 to June 5, 1895. The second president was Liu Yung-fu, June 5, 1895 - October 21, 1896.
When the Japanese soldiers invaded Taiwan there was a lot of fighting. They quickly defeated the new republic. Most of the republic's official quickly left the island.
The modern Taiwan independence groups want to start a new Republic of Taiwan. They say that there is no connection between them and the 1895 Republic. The first Republic of Taiwan was loyal to China, but the new Republic of Taiwan would be started to be independent of China.
CU

CU or cu, may refer to:
Close-up, in film making
Cuba (ISO 3166, FIPS Pub 10-4 and obsolete NATO diagram)
.cu, Cuba's top-level domain country code
Old Church Slavonic (ISO 639 alpha-2 language code)
"See you", in e-mail shorthand
Cubit, ancient unit of length
Businesses and organizations
ChristianUnion, a political party in the Netherlands
Credit union, a member-owned financial cooperative
Science and technology
Copper, symbol Cu, a chemical element
".cu", the filename extension for CUDA objects
chemical formula of Uranium carbide
Universities
Asia
Chittagong University, Bangladesh
Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
University of Calcutta, India
Australia
Curtin University, Australia
Europe
University of Cambridge, UK
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Coventry University, UK
North America
Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
Chapman University, California, US
Clarkson University, New York, US
Clemson University, South Carolina, US
Colgate University, New York, US
Columbia University, New York, US
Cornell University, New York, US
Creighton University, Nebraska, US
University of Colorado, US
University of Colorado Boulder
Mustafa Ould Salek

Col. Mustafa Ould Salek (; 1936 - 18 December 2012) was the President of Mauritania from 1978 through 1979.
Evergreen, Alabama

Evergreen is a city in Conecuh County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 3,520. The city is the county seat of Conecuh County.
Generation gap

The term generation gap refers to the fact that a younger generation and their parents are thinking differently. The term was made popular in the 1960s.
Kathryn, North Dakota

Kathryn is a city in Barnes County, North Dakota, United States.
Luena, Moxico Province

Luena (pre-1975: Vila Luso) is a town in east central Angola. It is the capital of Moxico Province. There are between 60,000 to 200,000 people. No one knows for sure because of refugees from the Angolan Civil War.
Köbi Kuhn

Jakob "Kobi" Kuhn (12 October 1943 - 26 November 2019) was a Swiss football manager and former player. He played as a midfielder. During his club career, he played for Zurich. He captained Zurich to six Swiss Super League titles and five Swiss Cup wins. He played for Switzerland 63 times, scoring five goals. He was part of the 1966 FIFA World Cup squad. He later managed Zurich and Switzerland.
Kuhn was born in Wiedikon, Zurich.
Lachendorf

Lachendorf (West Low German: Lachendorp) is a municipality in Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 10 km east of Celle.
Lachendorf is also the seat of the collective municipality Lachendorf.
FC Dornbirn

FC Dornbirn 1913 is an Austrian association football club from Dornbirn, Vorarlberg. They play in the 2. Liga, the 2nd level of Austrian football. The club was founded on March 12th, 1913. The homeground is the Birkenwiese stadium. They played four seasons in the top level league of Austrian football.
Matthew H. Clark

Matthew Harvey Clark (July 15, 1937 - January 22, 2023) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Eighth Bishop of Rochester from 1979 until 2012. He was born in Waterford, New York, to Matthew and Grace (nee Bills) Clark. He was raised in Troy, New York. Clark has been criticized for being overly tolerant of homosexuality and even challenging the Vatican's position of not allowing homosexual priests.
In September 2019, Clark was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
Clark died on January 22, 2023. He was 85 years old.
Cirilo Bautista

Cirilo F. Bautista (July 9, 1941 - May 6, 2018) was a Filipino poet, fictionist, critic and writer of nonfiction. He was awarded with the National Artist of the Philippines award in 2014. He was born in Manila.
Bautista works include Boneyard Breaking, Sugat ng Salita, The Archipelago, Telex Moon, Summer Suns, Charts, The Cave and Other Poems, Kirot ng Kataga, and Bullets and Roses: The Poetry of Amado V. Hernandez. His novel Galaw ng Asoge was published by the University of Santo Tomas Press in 2004.
Bautista died on May 6, 2018 in Manila of neuroendocrine cancer at the age of 76.
Eric Singer

Eric Doyle Mensinger (born May 12, 1958 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA), better known as Eric Singer, is a hard rock and heavy metal drummer for the rock band Kiss and formerly for singer Alice Cooper. In December 1991, Eric Singer officially became the drummer for Kiss after the death of Eric Carr.
Colin Mawby

Colin Mawby KSG (9 May 1936 - 24 November 2019) was an English organist, choral conductor and composer. From 1961 he was Master of Music at Westminster Cathedral, then from 1981 he was the choral director at Radio Telefis Eireann.
He was awarded Knighthood of the Order of St. Gregory in 2006.
Mawby died on 24 November 2019 at the age of 83.
Odelya Halevi

Odelya Halevi (; born 12 February 1989) is an Israeli actress. She appears on the American drama television series Law & Order and plays the role of Assistant District Attorney Samantha Maroun. She also played Angelica in the American television series Good Trouble. She also appeared in the television series Good Girls Revolt. She has made appearances in television series such as Mike & Molly, New Girl, NCIS, MacGyver (2016) and Why Women Kill.
Nabringhen

Nabringhen is a commune. It is found in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Stringer (slag)

A stringer is a thin strand of slag in wrought iron. If there is not much of it, it makes the iron stronger. But if there is too much, it makes the iron weaker.
Judson Laipply

Judson Laipply (born: March 22, 1976) is an American motivational speaker, comedian, and dancer who is best known for his performance in the "Evolution of Dance" video, which went viral on the internet in 2006.
Addison, Alabama

Addison is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Fred: The Movie

Fred: The Movie is a 2010 American comedy movie, directed by Clay Weiner. The movie is based on the adventures of Fred Figglehorn. He is a character created and played by Lucas Cruikshank for Cruikshank's YouTube channel. Critics gave the movie poor reviews. It has a 0% rating at Rotten Tomatoes and only 31% of audience members liked it. Common Sense Media said "YouTube star's movie is fraught with disaster for tweens." The Guardian's Peter Bradshaw wrote "The feature-film version of the squeaky-voiced YouTube hit is unbelievably irritating - and frankly a waste of time." But kids apparently liked it. The premiere of Fred: The Movie drew an audience of 7.6 million.
Coronie District

Coronie is a district of Suriname. Its capital city is Totness.
As of the 2012 census, 3,391 people lived there. It has an area of .
Saint-Souplet

Saint-Souplet is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,216 people lived there.
Martainneville

Martainneville is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Jean-Pierre Beltoise

Jean-Pierre Maurice Georges Beltoise (26 April 1937 - 5 January 2015) was a French Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and Formula One driver. He raced for the Matra and BRM teams. Francois Cevert was his brother-in-law (his wife's brother). He competed in 88 Grands Prix achieving one win and eight podium finishes. He was born in Paris.
Beltoise died at his holiday home in Dakar, Senegal, on 5 January 2015, aged 77, following two strokes .
Bulbourethral gland

A bulbourethral gland (or Cowper's gland) is one of two small glands found in the reproductive system of human males. They are like Bartholin's glands.
Anatomy
Bulbourethral glands are found near the urethra at the base of the penis, between the two layers of the fascia. The bulbourethral glands are about the size of a pea. They appear to slowly get smaller as a person gets older.
They are made of several lobules held together by a fibres.
Uses
During sexual arousal each gland makes a clear liquid known as pre-ejaculate or "pre-cum". This fluid helps to lubricate the urethra for sperm to pass through. It also helps clean out any urine or dirt.
1115

1115 (MCXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
Clairvaux Abbey is founded by St. Bernard.
Anselm of Laon becomes archdeacon of Laon.
Hugh of St. Victor joins the Victorines in Paris.
Pierre Abelard becomes canon of Notre Dame de Paris.
Stephen of England becomes count of Mortain.
Battle of Welfesholz: Lothair I of Supplinburg defeats Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.
Arnulf of Chocques is accused of sexual relations with a Muslim woman, and is briefly removed from his position as Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.
The Jurchen start the Jin Dynasty of China.
The Crusader castle of Montreal is built by Baldwin I of Jerusalem.
Roger of Salerno's Crusaders stop the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Sarmin in Syria.
The Mixtec lord Eight Deer Jaguar Claw is defeated in battle and sacrificed by a group of city-states led by his brother-in-law
Births
Gilbert Fitz Richard de Clare (d. 1153)
Deaths
July 24 - Matilda, Countess of Tuscany (b. 1046)
November 8 - Godfrey of Amiens, bishop of Amiens and Catholic saint.
Beaupuy

Beaupuy can be any of the following communes in France:
Beaupuy, Haute-Garonne, in the Haute-Garonne department
Beaupuy, Gers, in the Gers department
Beaupuy, Lot-et-Garonne, in the Lot-et-Garonne department
Beaupuy, Tarn-et-Garonne, in the Tarn-et-Garonne department
Allister

Allister is an American punk rock band from Chicago, Illinois.
Career
The band was formed in 1995 under the name Phineas Gage by high school classmates Tim Rogner and John "Johnny" Hamada. Eric "Skippy" Mueller later joined the band in 1996. In 1996, the band changed their name to Allister, to pay tribute to Alasdair Gillis from the Canadian TV show You Can't Do That on Television. The band released their debut studio album, Dead Ends and Girlfriends in 1999 through Drive-Thru Records.
Their second studio album Last Stop Suburbia was released on October 1, 2002. Their song "Somewhere On Fullerton" from Last Stop Suburbia was featured in the 2003 video game Disney's Extreme Skate Adventure.
Piast the Wheelwright

Piast the Wheelwright was, according to legend, the creator of the Piast dynasty, a son Choscisko, which would go on to rule the Kingdom of Poland. He was first mentioned in the Polish Chronicle of Gallus Anonymus.
Everytime We Touch (album)

Everytime We Touch is an album by German pop group Cascada.
Chart performance
The album was accidentally released on iTunes for digital download on 11 February 2006, ten days before its scheduled release. It was said to be a computer error. The album entered the Billboard 200 at number 67, selling over 17,000 copies in its first week. It has gone on to sell over 100,000 copies in the US.
In the United Kingdom, the album entered the charts at #6. It then went on to peak at #2. It spent 28 weeks in the UK Albums Top 75, and 35 weeks in the Ireland Albums Top 75 (where it peaked at #1). The album went on to sell over 600,000 copies in the UK, achieving Platinum Certification.
Vada pav

Vada pav is a vegetarian fast food dish native to the state of Maharashtra.The dish consists of a deep fried potato dumpling placed inside a bread bun (pav) sliced almost in half through the middle. It is generally accompanied with one or more chutneys and a green chilli pepper.
Etymology
Batata vada in Marathi literally means "potato fritter".Pav is a derivative of the Portuguese word pao, which means bread.
Preparation
Boiled potato is mashed and mixed with chopped green chilli and garlic, mustard seeds, and spices (usually asafoetida and turmeric). The mass is then shaped into a ball, dipped into gram flour batter and deep fried. The resultant fritter is served by placing inside a bread bun, accompanied with one or more chutneys and fried green chilli.
Germination

Germination occurs when a spore or seed starts to grow. It is a term used in botany. When a spore or seed germinates, it produces a shoot or seedling, or (in the case of fungi) a hypha. The biology of spores is different from seeds.
A spore germinates if and when conditions are right. It has a very limited lifespan. The method of spore-bearers, which are lower plants such as mosses, ferns and also fungi, is to produce vast numbers of spores, of which only a small percentage germinate.
Seeds contain an embryo, a store of food (the endosperm), and a protective coat. Seed plants include Gymnosperms (such as conifers) and Angiosperms (such as flowering plants). Seeds can survive much longer than spores, sometimes for hundreds of years. The strategy of seed-bearing plants is to invest energy and material in the substance of seeds, and they have evolved more sophisticated methods of dispersal than just wind.p98
Seeds do not germinate until their requirements are met, and these needs differ from species to species.
The dormancy period must be over. Dormancy is governed by changes inside the seed. Each species has its own dormancy period, and will not germinate until that period is over.
Their hibernation must be over. The hibernation is ended when events in the environment trigger germination. Sometimes this is just temperature and water, sometimes fire, sometimes the seed must go through a long cold spell.
The requirements for fruits is the same as for seeds. A fruit is just a seed with one or more extra layers derived from parts of the flower.
Sócrates

Socrates (19 February 1954 - 4 December 2011) was a Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazil national team. He died in hospital of septic shock.
Daniel Andrews

Daniel Michael Andrews (born 6 July 1972) is an Australian politician. He is the 48th Premier of Victoria since 2014. He has been the leader of the Victorian branch of the Labor Party since 2010. From 2010 to 2014, Andrews was Leader of the Opposition in that state.
On 24 November 2018, he was re-elected as Premier of Victoria when Victorian Labor won the 2018 election in a landslide.
Stephen H. Sachs

Stephen H. Sachs (January 31, 1934 - January 12, 2022) was an American Democratic politician and lawyer. He was the Attorney General of Maryland from 1979 to 1987. Sachs was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was United States Attorney for the District of Maryland from 1967 until 1970. He was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson and re-nominated by Richard Nixon.
Sachs died on January 12, 2022 in Baltimore at the age of 87.
La Garenne-Colombes

La Garenne-Colombes is a French commune. It is in the Hauts-de-Seine department.
Barbara Cartland

Barbara Cartland (9 July 1901 - 21 May 2000) was a English writer and media personality who was best known for her romance novels. Cartland wrote more than 700 books which sold nearly 800 million copies worldwide. Her first novel, Jig-Saw, was written in 1922. Many of her novels have been adapted to media including films for television, most notably A Hazard of Hearts and Duel of Hearts. She died from cancer at age 98.
Jejomar Binay

Jejomar "Jojo" Cabauatan Binay (born November 11, 1942), also known as Jojo Binay or VNay, is a Filipino politician. He previously served as the 15th Vice President of the Philippines from June 30, 2010 to June 30, 2016. Before he became vice president, he was Mayor of Makati City from 1986 to 1998 and again from 2001 to 2010.
He ran for President in 2016, but lost to Rodrigo Duterte.
Minstrel

A minstrel was a composer of the medieval time period. Other names for them are minnesinger, troubadour and trouvere. A minstrel was also a name for black musicians in America of the 19th century and white musicians who appeared in blackface.
Black-knobbed map turtle

The black-knobbed map turtle (Graptemys nigrinoda) is a species of aquatic turtles. Their skin is light gray and have spikes on their shell. They are part of the Graptemys genus and were once called the black-knobbed sawback turtle. They live in rivers in the Mobile Bay in Alabama and Mississippi.
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (movie)

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is a 2009 fantasy movie directed by David Yates. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 2005 novel of the same name. The movie, which is the sixth one in the Harry Potter movie series.
It stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger.
With a budget of $250 million, it is one of the most expensive movies ever made. At the time, it was the most expensive movie in the Harry Potter movie series.
Plot
Lord Voldemort gives Draco Malfoy the task of killing Professor Dumbledore. Draco's mother, Narcissa makes a deal with Severus Snape that he must kill Dumbledore if Draco cannot. Meanwhile, Harry Potter and Dumbledore recruit Professor Slughorn to work as the new potions teacher at Hogwarts school.
As the school year begins, Harry's friend Ron Weasley falls in love with Lavender Brown, making Hermione Granger upset. Harry finds a potions and spellbook written by a former Hogwarts student who called themselves the "Half-Blood Prince". A half-blood is a wizard who has one magical parent and one non-magical parent. Pure-bloods have two magical parents while muggle-borns have two non-magical parents. Voldemort wants rid of all wizards who are not pure-bloods.
Dumbledore and Harry look into Professor Slughorn's memories and find out that Slughorn taught Voldemort when he was at school. Slughorn told Voldemort about Horcruxes, objects which an evil wizard can put his soul inside of so he can be immortality. Dumbledore realises that Voldemort has been using Horcruxes to survive after death. Two of them have already been destroyed.
Harry and Dumbledore go on a mission to retrieve another Horcrux. They are successful and return to Hogwarts. Draco Malfoy uses a magical cabinet to let a group of Death Eaters into the school. Draco and the Death Eaters corner Dumbledore but Draco cannot kill him. Snape arrives and kills Dumbledore. Snape reveals to Harry that he is the Half-Blood Prince. Harry, Ron and Hermione agree to leave Hogwarts to search for the remaining Horcruxes.
Ficus benghalensis

Ficus benghalensis, commonly known as the banyan, banyan fig and Indian banyan, is a tree that grows in India and Bangladesh. Some Indian banyan trees are among the largest trees in the world. It is recognized as the National trees of both the countries of the Indian subcontinent. It is the largest canopy-holder tree of the world. It can spread up to 2000 feet of land. It is said by its scientific name that, this mammoth tree is native and endemic to the Great Bengal Region (both Bangladesh and West Bengal of India). In Buddhism the banyan's habit of supplanting its host tree is likened to the manner in which humans are overcome by sensual desire. Interestingly, the name 'banyan' came about when early Portuguese travellers to India noted that traders, or banias, set up shop in the shade of these enormous trees. Eventually the Gujarati word for 'merchant' became the name of the tree itself. When traveling in the fascinating country of Bangladesh, be sure to take note of the most unusual banyan tree.
Banks Island

Banks Island () is one of the bigger members of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is separated from Victoria Island to its east by the Prince of Wales Strait and from the mainland by Amundsen Gulf to its south. The Beaufort Sea lies to its west. To the northeast, McClure Strait separates the island from Prince Patrick Island and Melville Island.
History
It was named "Banks Island" in 1820 by Sir William Parry in honour of Sir Joseph Banks. However, during the exploration of the area by Robert McClure (1850-1854) the island was marked on their maps as "Baring Island".
The only permanent Inuvialuit settlement on the island, Sachs Harbour or Ikhuak, is on the southwest coast. Two federal Migratory Bird Sanctuaries were founded on the island in 1961. The island does not have any trees, with the tallest plant, the arctic willow, sometimes growing to about the height of a person's knee but usually standing no taller than 10 cm.
Banks Island covers an area 70,028 km2 (27,038 sq mi) and it is the world's 24th biggest island and Canada's fifth biggest island.
Euarchontoglires

Euarchontoglires (synonymous with Supraprimates) is a taxonomic superorder, within Placentalia. It includes the rodents and the primates.
Alec Martinez

Alec Martinez (born July 26, 1987) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman. He currently plays for the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League. He previoulsy played for the Los Angeles Kings. He was selected by the Boston Bruins with the 95th overall pick in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft after playing for Miami University for 3 seasons. He has won the Stanley Cup with the Kings in 2012 and 2014.
In 2014, in double overtime in Game 5, he scored the Stanley Cup winning goal against the New York Rangers after he had previously scored the series winner in the Western Conference finals against the Chicago Blackhawks in Game 7.
Jack Greene

Jack Greene (January 7, 1930 - March 14, 2013) was an American country musician. His nickname was the "Jolly Green Giant" because of his height and deep voice. Greene was a long-time member of the Grand Ole Opry. He was nominated for three Grammy Awards.
Greene was born on January 7, 1930, in Maryville, Tennessee, he learned to play guitar at age ten. He was married to Barbara Stidham the mother of his 5 children, Wayne Greene, Lynn Greene (deceased), Tony Greene, Jan Greene & Marty Greene. Greene died on March 14, 2013 in his home in Nashville, Tennessee from Alzheimer's disease, aged 83.
Bison, Kansas

Bison is a city in Rush County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 255 people lived there.
History
Bison was platted in 1888 by the railroad. It was named after the American bison, which once ate there.
Bison was a station on the Missouri Pacific Railroad.
The first post office in Bison was created in May 1888.
Geography
Bison is at (38.520718, -99.197528). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Weather
Bison has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Koppen Climate Classification system says that Bison has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 255 people, 104 households, and 72 families living in Bison.
Education
Bison is part of USD 403 Otis-Bison. The Otis-Bison High School mascot is Cougars.
Berthez

Berthez is a commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Gironde department in southwest France.
Spaghetti squash

The spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepo) is an oblong seed-bearing variety of winter squash. The fruit can range either from ivory to yellow or orange in color. The orange varieties have a higher carotene content. Its center contains many large seeds. Its flesh is bright yellow or orange. When raw, the flesh is solid and similar to other raw squash; when cooked, the flesh falls away from the fruit in ribbons or strands like spaghetti.
Nutrition
It is a superfood that contains lots of nutrients, including folic acid, potassium, vitamin A, and vitamin C, It is low in calories, averaging at least 42 calories per 1-cup (155 grams) serving.
Julian Draxler

Julian Draxler (born 20 September 1993) is a German association football attacking midfielder. He plays for the Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain F.C. and the Germany national football team.
He made his first national appearance in a loss against Switzerland. He scored his first national goal against the United States on 2 June 2013. He also made his first FIFA World Cup appearance in 2014, when he came on as a substitute in Germany's 7-1 victory against Brazil. Since 2011, Draxler has made more than 100 appearances for Schalke 04.
In January 2014, he was named by The Guardian as one of the ten most promising young players in Europe.
Timothée Chalamet

Timothee Hal Chalamet (born December 27, 1995) is an American actor. He starred in Christopher Nolan's science-fiction movie Interstellar. Chalamet was born in New York City.
In 2017, Chalamet starred in the romantic drama Call Me by Your Name. He also starred in Hot Summer Nights and Lady Bird.
He starred as a drug-addicted teenager in the drama Beautiful Boy (2018), for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. In 2019, Chalamet starred in The King and Little Women.
Tectonics

Tectonics is the study of the earth's structural features, especially the folding and faulting (cracking) of the Earth's crust.
Tectonics (from Latin, meaning "building") is a field within geology. It includes structures in the lithosphere of the Earth and the forces and movements that have operated to create these structures.
Tectonics is concerned with orogenies (mountain building) and major land features. This includes the earthquake and volcanic regions which affect certain parts of the world. This is discussed further in plate tectonics.
Tectonic studies are also important for understanding erosion patterns in geomorphology and as guides for the economic geologist searching for petroleum and metallic ores.
John Caspar Wild

John Caspar Wild (1804 - August 12, 1846) was an American painter and lithographer. He was also called J.C. Wild. He was born in Switzerland. He moved to Paris, France. In 1832 he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He painted and printed landscapes. He painted a lot of cities in the United States. He painted pictures of Philadelphia, St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Davenport, Iowa. His artwork is owned by the Library Company of Pennsylvania.
Warendorf

Warendorf is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and capital of Warendorf District.
Arthur Saint-Léon

Arthur Saint-Leon (September 17, 1821 - September 2, 1870) was born in Paris, France. He was Ballet Master of the St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet from 1859 until 1869. He is best known for choreographing Coppelia.
Iman (model)

Iman Mohamed Abdulmajid (born July 25, 1955), known as Iman, is a Somali-American supermodel. In 1992, she played a queen in Michael Jackson's music video "Remember the Time".
Early life
Iman was born in Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia. She went to high school in Egypt. Iman then studied political science at the University of Nairobi in Kenya.
Career
Modeling
Photographer Peter Beard saw her on a street in Nairobi and asked if she had even been photographed. When he said he would pay her she asked if he would give her $8,000 and he said yes. That day he took photographs of her. He then took them back to New York. Iman was signed to the modeling agency Wilhelmina.
Business
In 1994 Iman started Iman Cosmetics. Iman Cosmetics makes makeup for women with dark skin.
Writing
Iman's first book, I Am Iman, was published in 2001.
Personal life
In 1978, Iman married American basketball player Spencer Haywood. She had a daughter with him called Zulekha. She works for Iman's cosmetics company. Iman divorced Haywood in 1987. In 1992, Iman married David Bowie. In 2000, she gave birth to their daughter Alexandria Zahra Jones. Iman and Bowie stayed together until his death on January 10, 2016.
Cyrano (musical)

Cyrano is a musical with a book and lyrics by Anthony Burgess and music by Michael J. Lewis.
It is based on Edmond Rostand's classic 1897 play of the same name. It is about a love triangle involving the large-nosed poetic Cyrano de Bergerac, his beautiful cousin Roxana and handsome friend Christian de Neuvillette.
The cast included Christopher Plummer as Cyrano, Leigh Beery as Roxana, and Mark Lamos as Christian, with Tovah Feldshuh making her Broadway debut in two small supporting roles.
Welcome to Hard Times

Welcome to Hard Times is a 1967 American western movie. It was directed by Burt Kennedy. The movie was based on the book with the same name by E. L. Doctorow. Actors include Henry Fonda, Warren Oates, Janis Paige, Keenan Wynn, Lon Chaney Jr., Aldo Ray, and Janice Rule. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.