kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Confederation of the Equator

The Confederation of the Equator () was a short-lived state established in the northeastern region of Brazil during that nation's struggle for independence from Portugal. The secessionist movement was led by wealthy landowners who opposed early reforms by the nation's first leader, Emperor Pedro I. Pernambuco and Ceara were the first of five Northeastern provinces to secede.
Background of conflict
The Confederation ceased to exist after being crushed by Brazilian forces under Thomas Cochrane.
The rebellion in the Northeast followed a similar uprising in Pernambuco only five years earlier.
Before independence, North Brazil had been one of the two separate viceroyalties, Grao-Para, besides the Viceroyalty of Brazil in the South. Pedro I combined the two into one Imperial State. However, the North was historically more averse to secession from Portugal and had fought to remain part of the Portuguese empire, before being defeated by Pedro I and being annexed. The Confederation was a second popular attempt.
Both the secession of Brazil from Portugal and the suppression of the Loyalist Viceroyalty of the North were aided by Britain, militarily and with personnel, such as Thomas Cochrane, on loan to Pedro I, a Freemason and Anglophile.
Aftermath
Pedro I sent troops to the Northeast to quell the rebellion, with all three provinces falling by September of that year. The state of Ceara managed to survive until November, and the last stronghold of the Confederation in the Sertao was the site of the final resisting leaders of the fallen nation.
Several rebels were condemned by a military tribunal to death. One notable execution was that of Frei Caneca an intellectual and religious mentor supporting the cause of the Confederation, in which some soldiers refused to fire. After briefly escaping, he was eventually executed in 1825.
Hours, Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Hours, Pyrenees-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Scott Parker

Scott Parker (born 13 October 1980) is an English football manager and former football player, who was formerly the manager of Premier League club Bournemouth.
E. Marinella

E. Marinella is an Italian necktie company founded by Eugenio Marinella in 1914 in Naples.
History
In 1914 Eugenio Marinella open a shop in Naples. In the 1980s the name Marinella began to land outside the Italian borders thanks to the President of the Republic Francesco Cossiga who took the habit of bringing a box containing five Marinella ties as a gift to the heads of state on his official visits.
Clientele
Politicians as Bill Clinton, Boris Yeltsin, Silvio Berlusconi, Jacques Chirac and Hosni Mubarak have worn Marinella ties, as have King Juan Carlos, Prince Charles, Gianni Agnelli and Albert II, Prince of Monaco.
Products
In addition to ties, E. Marinella also sells bags, watches, cologne, accessories and cufflinks for men. Their line of women's products include bags, scarves, perfumes and accessories.
Newton (unit)

The newton (symbol: N) is the SI unit of force. It is named after Sir Isaac Newton because of his work on classical mechanics. A newton is how much force is required to make a mass of one kilogram accelerate at a rate of one metre per second squared.
1 N is the force of Earth's gravity on a mass of about 102 g.
On the Earth's surface, a mass of 1 kg pushes on its support with an average force of 9.8 N.
1 Newton is equal to the amount of force required to accelerate an object (with a mass of one kilogram) at a rate of 1 meter per second, per second.
The US Customary Unit of force is the pound (symbol: lbf). 1 pound is equal to 4.44822 newtons.
In 1946, Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) set the unit of force in the MKS system of units to be the amount needed to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 metre per second each second. In 1948, the CGPM adopted the name "newton" for this force. The MKS system then became the blueprint for today's SI International System of Units. That made the newton the standard unit of force.
This SI unit is named after Isaac Newton. As with every International System of Units (SI) unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case (N). However, when an SI unit is spelled out in English, it should always begin with a lower case letter (newton)--except in a situation where any word in that position would be capitalized, such as at the beginning of a sentence or in material using title case. Note that "degree Celsius" conforms to this rule because the "d" is lowercase.-- Based on The International System of Units, section 5.2.
Roraima

Roraima is one of the states of Brazil. It is in the northern part of the country. It shares borders with the states of Para and Amazonas, as well as the countries Venezuela and Guyana. Roraima is both the northernmost and least populated state of Brazil.
Geography
The climate is tropical with an average temperature of 26 degC. Most of the state is in the Amazon rainforest. A small part of the state is a small strip of savanna to the east. The state has many mineral deposits - especially gold, diamonds, cassiterite, bauxite and copper. These create constant fights with the native people. The Yanomami are the most well-known of the native people, but they are greatly out-numbered by the Macuxi.
The Monte Roraima National Park is near one of the highest mountains of Brazil, the 9220 ft (2727 m) high table-top Mount Roraima.
History
In 1943, the federal government separated the area from the state Amazonas. The territory was first named Rio Branco after the main river. In 1962, it was renamed "Roraima." In 1988, it became a state. The name of the state was taken from Monte Roraima, whose name comes from the Pemon words roroi (cyan) and ma (large).
Burt Jones

William Burton Jones (born April 25, 1979) is a 13th American politician and businessman and current lieutenant governor of Georgia since 2023. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was a member of the Georgia State Senate from 2013 to 2023.
Claus von Bülow

Claus von Bulow (born Claus Cecil Borberg; 11 August 1926 - 25 May 2019) was a Danish-British socialite.
He was known for being accused of the attempted murder of his wife Sunny von Bulow in 1979 which had left her in a coma from which she never recovered. However, that conviction in the first trial was reversed and he was found not guilty at his second trial.
In the same trial he was also convicted for the attempted murder of his wife by insulin overdose in 1980 which left her in a persistent vegetative state for the rest of her life, but that conviction in the first trial was also reversed and he was found not guilty at his second trial.
He was a friend and personal assistant to J. Paul Getty.
The characters Klaus and Sunny Baudelaire from A Series of Unfortunate Events are named after Claus and Sunny von Bulow.
Bulow died in London on 25 May 2019 at the age of 92.
Fujikawa, Yamanashi

Fujikawa is a town in Minamikoma District, Yamanashi, Japan.
On March 8, 2010 the towns of Masuho and Kajikazawa combined to become the new town of "Fujikawa".
Tibetan people

The Tibetan people () are an ethnic group that is native to Tibet. They number about 7.8 million. In 2014, there were 7.5 million Tibetans living in Tibet and the 10 Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures in Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Large populations of Tibetans live outside of Tibet, in other parts of China, and in India, Nepal and Bhutan.
Tibetans speak the Tibetic languages. Many of these languages are cannot be understood by each other. These languages are also spoken by people in Baltistan, Ladakh, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. The main language among Tibetans in Tibet is the Central Tibetan language.
Most Tibetans practice Tibetan Buddhism. Some practice the native Bon religion. There is a small Muslim minority.
The American botanist Joseph Rock saw the fighting between the Hui Muslim warlord Ma Qi and the Tibetan Buddhist of Labrang monastery. Even more brutal fighting broke out when war between Zhang Zuolin's Fengtian clique happened against the Guominjun warlord Feng Yuxiang in 1925, autumn. The position of Gansu governor was taken by Feng Yuxiang. Only Muslim warlords were left after many of the non-Muslim warlords were expelled by Liu Yufen's Guominjun army of 15,000 soldiers as acting governor under Feng Yuxiang. A huge amount of taxes were squeezed for Feng by Liu Yufen after an earthquake and famine brought about by drought. The in Hezhou a revolt against Liu Yufen was led in Liangzhou by Hui Muslim warlord Ma Tingxing (son of Ma Anliang) in 1928, Spring. Hui, Dongxiang and Salar Muslims were recruited to also siege Hezhou in the army of 10,000 by Ma Zhongying, who was related to Ma Qi. Ma Zhongying's Muslim soldiers were starving and numbered 25,000 by November so that attacked the Tao river valley in the south, slaughtering Tibetan Buddhist monks, burning the palace of the Tibetan Tusi chief king Yang Jiqing, sacking the Tibetan city of Chone and defeated Yang Jiqing's 3,000 strong Tibetan militia. Tibetan areas all across southern Gansu were laid waste to. Tibetan militias defeated Taozhou from Ma Tingxing. The Tibetans inflicted heavy casualties upon Ma Tingxian so he supposed Ma Zhongying's Muslim forces and together they ravaged and destroyed the Taozhou-Chone region destroying and burning Tibetan areas. The Muslims burned the printing presses and temple of the Tibetan Buddhists in Chone. The Muslims then looted the gompa and massacred the Tibetan Buddhist monks of the Labrang monastery after fleeting from Liu Yufen in January 1929. 2 million died in the war as villages and towns across Gansu's south and east were destroyed during the war when Ma Zhongying was fighting as Feng Yuxiang attacked him. The Chone temple and palaces were rebuilt by the Tibetan Tusi chief king Yang Jiqing after the 1928-1929 war. The rebellion was put down by Feng Yuxiang and Gansu became peaceful again until the 1935 when the communist Long March came.
Fighting game

A fighting game is a video game in which two or more players battle for the winning spot, usually by fighting to the death or K.O.. Most fighting games have a selection of characters with different abilities. Some popular fighting games are Mortal Kombat, Street Fighter, and Soul Calibur.
Kirby: Triple Deluxe

Kirby: Triple Deluxe is a Kirby video game for the Nintendo 3DS console. It is the 13th platform game in the series. It was developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on January 11, 2014, in North America on May 2, 2014, and in Europe on May 16, 2014. Kirby: Planet Robobot is based off of this game. It released in 2016.
Gameplay
Kirby: Triple Deluxe is be a 2.5D (a type of game which plays like a 2D game, but has 3D graphics) platform game. Kirby is able to go into both the foreground and the background by using a special type of Warp Star, like in Donkey Kong Country Returns.
Big League Chew

Big League Chew is a brand of bubble gum. It is cut up and packaged in an aluminum foil pouch as a fun imitation of the tobacco-chewing often used by baseball players. It was created by Portland Mavericks left-handed pitcher Rob Nelson and bat boy Todd Field. The Wrigley Company, which makes many other types of chewing gum, bought the idea from Rob Nelson and Jim Bouton.
Big League Chew was first sold in May 1980. Over 800 million pouches of Big League Chew have been sold. It comes in bright colors such as neon green (for their sour apple flavor) and bright purple (grape flavor).
Agethorst

Agethorst is a municipality in Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Fantastic Science Fiction

Fantastic was an American digest-size fantasy and science fiction magazine. It was published from 1952 to 1980. Ziff Davis started it as a fantasy companion to Amazing Stories. Within a few years sales went down. Howard Browne, the editor, was forced to switch to science fiction not fantasy. Browne lost interest in the magazine. The magazine often published poor-quality fiction in the mid-1950s, under Browne and his successor, Paul W. Fairman. At the end of the 1950s, Cele Goldsmith took over as editor of both Fantastic and Amazing Stories. Goldsmith helped to support the early careers of writers such as Roger Zelazny and Ursula K. Le Guin. In 1965 the magazines were sold to Sol Cohen, who hired Joseph Wrzos as editor and switched to a reprint-only policy. This was financially successful, but brought Cohen into conflict with the newly formed Science Fiction Writers of America. At the end of the 1960s, Ted White became editor and the reprints were stopped.
White worked hard to make the magazine successful, introducing artwork from comics artistsBut, in 1978, Cohen sold out his half of the business to his partner, Arthur Bernhard. White resigned soon after. Elinor Mavor was the next editor, but within two years Bernhard decided to close down Fantastic. He combined it with Amazing Stories, which had always enjoyed a slightly higher circulation.
Delta County

Delta County is the name of three counties in the United States:
Delta County, Colorado
Delta County, Michigan
Delta County, Texas
Albert Reynolds

Albert Reynolds (3 November 1932 - 21 August 2014) was an Irish politician. He was Taoiseach of Ireland two terms in a row. He served from February 1992 to January 1993 and again from January 1993 to December 1994. He was the fifth leader of Fianna Fail during the same period.
In 1995, Reynolds was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.
Reynolds died in Dublin, from complications from Alzheimer's disease, aged 81.
Menominee

The Menominee or Menomini or Mamaceqtaw are a federally recognized group of Native American tribes. They live in Wisconsin. Their territory used to be much larger. It was about 10 million acres. They are part of the Northeastern Woodlands. Their large language group is the Algonquian-language. They speak the Menominee language. The five clans include the Bear, the Eagle, the Wolf, the Crane, and the Moose. An important food was wild rice. The Ojibwe people called them "wild rice people" or manoominii. The tribes were usually peaceful. Descent and inheritance were through the father (patrilineal). The tribes had similar cultures to the Chippewa. The tribe had early contact with French colonists. In the 19th century, the Menominee sold much of their land to the United States. This included parts of Michigan and Wisconsin. In Menominee Tribe v. United States (1968), the Supreme Court decided that the Menominee could keep their right to hunting and fishing.
Leland Stanford

Amasa Leland Stanford (March 9, 1824June 21, 1893) was an American tycoon, industrialist, politician. He was also the founder of Stanford University along with his wife, Jane Stanford. He came to California with his brothers in 1852 and they were successful in selling tools and mining equipment.
Leland joined with three other Sacramento merchants to form a group who called themselves "The Associates." It was these men--Charles Crocker, Mark Hopkins, Collis P. Huntington, and, as President, himself. They bonded together as a team to build the first Transcontinental Railway. His role with them drove his politics, and his success in politics for what he was trying to do for Sacramento and California was very much driven by his position as the head of Southern Pacific Railroad.
Stanford was a white supremacist. In 1859, he wrote:I am in favor of free white American citizens. I prefer free white citizens to any other race. I prefer the white man to the negro as an inhabitant to our country.He spent one two-year term as Governor of California after his election in 1861. He later spent eight years as a United States Senator.
Gentile Bellini

Gentile Bellini (c. 1429 - February 23, 1507) was an Italian painter. From 1474 he was the official portrait artist for the Doges of Venice.
Davrey

Davrey is a commune of the Aube departement in the north-central part of France.
Blandville, Kentucky

Blandville is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Americana

Americana is about the United States, for example, its culture, geography, history etc.
Argyle, Manitoba

Argyle is a community in Manitoba, Canada.
The town is about 30 minutes north of Winnipeg. Many farms and gravel companies do well around this area. There is heavy forest and lots of wildlife everywhere.
Carbon Cliff, Illinois

Carbon Cliff is a village in Illinois in the United States. There were 2,134 people living in the area according to the 2010 census.
Bernd Leno

Bernd Leno (born 4 March 1992) is a German football player. He plays as a goalkeeper for Arsenal and the Germany national team.
Bangor, California

Bangor is a census-designated place (CDP) in Butte County, California, United States.
Arizona tree frog

These species of tree frogs in the Hylidae family are commonly referred to as the Arizona tree frog:
Canyon tree frog, Hyla arenicolor
Mountain tree frog, Hyla eximia is listed as the official Arizona state amphibian, but it does not occur in Arizona.
Arizona tree frog, Hyla wrightorum, was previously a synonym of Hyla eximia.
Karl Otto Götz

Karl Otto Gotz (February 22, 1914 - August 19, 2017) was a German artist. He was best known for his many abstract paintings in the Informel, or art without form, style.
Gotz was born in Aachen, Germany and died in Niederbreitbach.
Freedom, Pennsylvania

Freedom is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, located along the Ohio River northwest of Pittsburgh.
Partido Liberal

The Liberal Party (Portuguese: Partido Liberal, PL) is a political party in Brazil that purveys conservative liberalism. It has been the political party of former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, since 2021.
Malaussanne

Malaussanne is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Franz Berwald

Franz Adolf Berwald was a Swedish composer of the 19th Century. He was born in Stockholm on 23 July 1786. He died in Stockholm on 3 April 1868. While he was alive, people generally ignored his composing work, so he had to do other things to gain a living. He worked as an orthopedic surgeon, and later as the manager of a saw mill and glass factory. Franz adolf berwald came from a family with four generations of musicians.
Today, many people see him as one of the finest Swedish composers of the 19th century.
University of Colorado Boulder

The University of Colorado Boulder (abbreviated "CU") is a public university in Boulder, Colorado. The university has about 30,196 students. It was founded in 1876.
Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Buffaloes. CU, a member of NCAA Division I, has 16 varsity teams--six for men and nine for women, plus a coeducational skiing team. Of these teams, all but skiing compete in the Pac-12 Conference, which CU joined in July 2011 after having been a founding member of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. Colorado will return to the Big 12 in July 2024. Because neither the Pac-12 nor the Big 12 runs a skiing league, that team is a member of the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Ski Association.
Law school
The Law School at University of Colorado, Boulder, is ranked #40 by U.S. News & World Report. This is for the 2016 rankings and is out of 196 law schools.
Ngangbam

Ngangbam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Ingemar Hedberg

Ingemar Harald Robert Hedberg (8 March 1920 - 19 May 2019) was a Swedish sprint canoeist. He competed in the early 1950s. He won the silver medal in the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. Hedberg also won three gold medals at the 1950 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Copenhagen.
Family therapy

Family therapy (also called family counseling, family systems therapy, marriage and family therapy, couple and family therapy) is a branch of psychology that works with families and couples in relationships to help change and development. Schools believe that involving family in problems benefits the victim.
Phase difference

Phase difference can be defined as the difference between the position of the two waves propagating in the same direction (in a particular time), they don't rise or fall together. At a particular time, they make a difference in amplitude in their motion. For an example, if we consider two pendulum having same time period, now one is starting oscillating after a while another pendulum sets for oscillating then a phase difference is being established in between them.
Mohammad Hassan Ganji

Mohammad Hassan Ganji Ph.D (), (June 11, 1912 - July 19, 2012) was an Iranian meteorologist and academic. He was born in Iran city of Birjand South Khorasan Province.
Education
He completed his studies in Tehran and continued to study geography in England and the United States.
He next began to teach at the University of Tehran and was the first who began to teach modern geography at universities.
Ganji established the Iran Meteorological Organization in 1955 and ran the organization for several years.
. He is considered to be the father of modern geography in Iran.
Career
Ganji established the Iran Meteorological Organization in 1955 and served as the head of Iran's Department General of Meteorology from 1956 to 1968.
Works
He has written over 130 articles in Persian and English and has trained many scholars and masters of geography over the years.
Hilary B. Price

Hilary B. Price (born 1969) is an American cartoonist. She is known for creating a comic strip called "Rhymes with Orange" which is published digitally on her website and in over one hundred newspapers across the country. At the age of 25 she became the youngest cartoonist to ever be nationally syndicated. She won the Silver Reuben for "Best Newspaper Panel Cartoon" from the National Cartoonists Society four times, in 2007 and 2009, 2012 and 2014.
Early life
Price grew up in Weston, Massachusetts. She studied English at Stanford University. She originally had no intentions of becoming a cartoonist, but after a few years she began submitting strips to The New Yorker but they were never picked up. She was then hired as a freelance copywriter for an ad agency in San Francisco. Whilst there she submitted her comics to the San Francisco Chronicle and they were published in the opinion and book review section. Her success at the Chronicle inspired her to begin submitting her work for syndication. In 1995, Price received a call from King Features Syndicate to request more samples of her work and by June of that year she was syndicated. Price was just 25 years old at the time which makes her the youngest cartoonist to achieve national syndication.
Career
Price publishes her panels almost daily to her website named after her strip ("Rhymes with Orange"). The title is derived from the belief that no English word rhymes with orange.
Price's panels often feature animals such as cats and dogs in lieu of humans and doesn't feature any reoccurring characters.
Her strips's format is also unique in design. A typical Price comic features one long panel where the illustration and dialogue are found, and to the left is a smaller panel with the title of the strip and often a secondary punchline and smaller illustration. This setup has the reader going from right to left rather than the typical left to right found in most western comics.
In addition to her website her work has also appeared in Parade Magazine, The Funny Times, People and Glamour.
Price has released several compilations of her work in books, one of those being "Hanukkomics" in which she gathered all of her comics about Jewish culture and holidays.
Her inspirations for comics include "Dr. Seuss for the rhymes, Shel Silverstein for the clever word play and black-and-white illustrations, and The New Yorker cartoonists Roz Chast, Sam Gross and George Booth." But her main influence comes from greeting card artist Sandra Boynton. In the eighth grade, Price learned that Boynton, who she had assumed was a male, was in fact a female. This opened up the idea to Price that women could do "funny drawings" too.
Personal life
Price is an openly gay, Jewish woman who lives in Florence, Massachusetts with her partner, dog, and cat. In her free time Price enjoys playing women's ice hockey.
Marquette-lez-Lille

Marquette-lez-Lille is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 10,798 people lived there.
Royal Palace of Turin

The Royal Palace of Turin () is a building in Turin, Italy. It was the centre of the court of the old Duchy of Savoy for almost two hundred years.
Brief history
The palace was the centre of the Savoyard royal court. It was the home of the royal family. It was greatly remodelled by Christine of France during the seventeenth century. The building was worked on by the famous architect Filippo Juvarra. The complex also includes the Palazzo Chiablese the home of the former Duke of Chablais. The Palace was also redecorated by Marie Jeanne of Savoy.
Before the marriage of Maria Antonia of Spain to Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia in 1750, the royal apartments were redecorated again.
Before becoming a royal residence, it was the centre of the Viceroys of Savoy that were appointed by Francis I of France after the French captured Savoy in 1536. The building later included the Bishops Palace called the Palazzo San Giovanni.
Vilmos Zsigmond

Vilmos Zsigmond, A.S.C. (June 16, 1930 - January 1, 2016) was a Hungarian-American cinematographer. He was known for his work in Close Encounters of the Third Kind. He won an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award during his career.
Zsigmond was born in Szeged, Hungary. He became an American citizen in 1962. Zsigmond died at his home in Big Sur, California at the age of 85.
Kenneth G. Wilson

Kenneth Geddes Wilson (June 8, 1936 - June 15, 2013) was an American theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize winner.
Education
As an undergraduate at Harvard, he was a Putnam Fellow. He earned his PhD from Caltech in 1961, studying under Murray Gell-Mann.
Works
He became a junior faculty member in Cornell University Physics Department in 1963. He became a full professor in 1970. In 1974, he became the James A. Weeks Professor of Physics at Cornell. He was a co-winner of the Wolf Prize in physics in 1980, together with Michael E. Fisher and Leo Kadanoff. He got the 1982 Nobel Prize in Physics for combining quantum field theory and the statistical theory of critical phenomena of second-order phase transitions. In other words the prize was for his constructive theory of the renormalization group. In this theory he gave not only important, and even numerical, insights to the field of critical statics and dynamics in statistical physics, but indirectly also basic answers to the question: "What is quantum field theory?" and "What does renormalization mean?". He also gave a constructive answer to another important "renormalization" problem from solid-state physics, the Kondo effect.
He advocated that the federal government should buy supercomputers for science research. In 1985, he was appointed as Cornell's Director of the Center for Theory and Simulation in Science and Engineering (known now as the Cornell Theory Center, one of five national supercomputer center created by the National Science Foundation. Since 1988, Dr. Wilson has been a faculty member at The Ohio State University. His current research interests include physics education research.
Some of his PhD students include Roman Jackiw, Steve Shenker, and Michael Peskin.
Wilson's father was the prominent chemist E. Bright Wilson, and his brother David is also a Professor at Cornell in the department of Molecular Biology and Genetics.
Wilson died on June 19, 2013 from lymphoma in Saco, Maine, aged 77.
Awards
Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics, 1973
Boltzmann Medal, 1975
Wolf Prize, 1980
Harvard University, D.Sc (Hon.), 1981
Caltech, Distinguished Alumni Award, 1981
Franklin Medal, 1982
Nobel Prize for Physics, 1982
A.C. Eringen Medal, 1984
Aneesur Rahman Prize, 1993
Literature
Wilson, K. G. "Broken Scale Invariance and Anomalous Dimensions", Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC,)Stanford University, Laboratory of Nuclear Studies, Cornell University, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (May 1970).
Gupta, R.; Wilson, K. G.; & C. Umrigar. "Improved Monte Carlo Renormalization Group Method", Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Cornell University, United States Department of Energy, (1985).
Carrie Fisher

Carrie Frances Fisher (October 21, 1956 - December 27, 2016) was an American screenwriter, actress and writer. She acted in many movies. Fisher was best known for playing Princess Leia in the Star Wars movies. She was also known for her 1987 novel Postcards from the Edge.
Fisher was born in Beverly Hills, California. She was the daughter of actress Debbie Reynolds and singer Eddie Fisher. Fisher had bipolar disorder. In 2008 her memoir Wishful Drinking was published.
Talossan language

Talossan is a constructed language created for the micronation the Kingdom of Talossa. In Talossan the language is called Talossan.
Solothurn

Solothurn can mean:
Canton of Solothurn, a canton of Switzerland
Solothurn (city), the capital of the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland
Solothurn (district), a district of the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland
Kent Acres, Delaware

Kent Acres is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Kent County, Delaware, United States.
Andrea Aguilera (model)

Andrea Victoria Aguilera Paredes (born April 27, 2001) is an Ecuadorian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Supranational 2023 pageant in Nowy Sacz, Poland.
She was previously crowned Miss Grand Ecuador 2021, and represented Ecuador at the Miss Grand International 2021 pageant where she finished first runner-up.
Early life and education
Aguilera was born in Ventanas, Ecuador on April 27, 2001. She was studying medicine at the University of Guayaquil in Guayaquil. In 2022, she entered the Universidad de Especialidades Espiritu Santo in Guayaquil to pursue a bachelor's degree in international business. In the same year, she joined the Ecuadorian reality show Soy el Mejor but left the show early after three judges made derogatory comments about her participation in Miss Grand International. In 2022, Aguilera entered the Universidad de Especialidades Espiritu Santo in Guayaquil to pursue a bachelor's degree in international business.
Pageantry
Miss Grand Ecuador 2021
On May 7, 2021, Aguilera was officially crowned Miss Grand Los Rios 2021. On June 26, 2021, she represented Los Rios at Miss Grand Ecuador 2021 at TC Television in Guayaquil, Ecuador and went on to win the title.
Miss Grand International 2021
On December 4, 2021, Aguilera represented Ecuador at Miss Grand International 2021 and competed against 59 other candidates at the SHOW DC Retail and Entertainment Mega Complex in Bangkok, Thailand and placed as 1st runner-up to Nguyen Thuc Thuy Tien of Vietnam.
Miss Supranational 2023
On July 14, 2023, Aguilera also represented Ecuador at the Miss Supranational 2023 pageant in Nowy Sacz, Poland. In the competition, Aguilera advanced to the top twenty-four, then the top twelve and ultimately the top five, before being announced as the competition's winner and was succeeded by Lalela Mswane of South Africa. Aguilera became the first woman from Ecuador to be crowned Miss Supranational.
Ram Chandra Poudel

Ram Chandra Poudel (Nepali: raam cndr pauddel; born 15 October 1944) is a politician from Nepal who is the third President of Nepal (leader) since March 2023. He used to be a senior leader of the Nepali Congress. Poudel became president on 9 March 2023.
Kartavirya Arjuna

Kartavirya Arjuna also known as Sahasrabahu Arjuna) was a legendary Abhira/Yadavking of an ancient Haihayas kingdom with capital at Mahishmati which is on the banks of Narmada River in the current state of Madhya Pradesh. Kartavirya was son of Kritavirya, king of the Haihayas. This is his patronymic, by which he is best known; he is also referred to simply as Arjuna. He is described as having a thousand hands and a great devotee of god Dattatreya. One of the several such accounts states that Kartavirya Arjuna conquered Mahishmati city from Karkotaka Naga, a Naga chief and made it his fortress-capital
Tartib al-Musnad

Tartib al-Musnad is the hadith collection used by people who follow the Ibadism sect.
Valeyrac

Valeyrac is a commune. It is in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Terence Trent D'Arby

Terence Trent Howard (later Terence Trent D'Arby; born March 15, 1962) is an American singer-songwriter. He became famous with his first studio album, Introducing the Hardline According to Terence Trent D'Arby in 1987.
D'Arby had hit songs including "Dance Little Sister", "Sign Your Name" and the #1 hit "Wishing Well".
D'Arby was born in Manhattan, New York City.
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group F

The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group F was one of the nine UEFA groups for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification. The group was made up of six teams: England, Slovakia, Scotland, Slovenia, Lithuania, and Malta. England won the group and qualified for the world cup.
Get Hard

Get Hard is an American comedy movie. Alison Brie plays Alissa. Kevin Hart plays Darnell.
Cast
Will Ferrell as James King
Kevin Hart as Darnell Lewis
Alison Brie as Alissa Barrow
Edwina Findley as Rita Lewis
Craig T. Nelson as Martin Barrow
T.I. as Russell
Ariana Neal as Makayla Lewis
Greg Germann as Peter Penny
Paul Ben-Victor as Gayle
Dan Bakkedahl as Leo
Erick Chavarria as Cecelio
Jon Eyez as Big Mike
Nito Larioza as Jaoa
Ron Funches as Jojo
John Mayer as himself
Jimmy Fallon as himself
Production
On December 7, 2012, it was announced that Warner Bros. was in talks to acquire the Get Hard comedy movie script. On September 17, 2013, Etan Cohen was set to direct. On February 24, 2014, Warner Bros. set the release date for 27 March 2015.
Release
The movie was released on 27 March 2015 in the United States.
Reception
It got negative reviews by movie critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave the movie 29%. Metacritic rates the movie 34 out of 100, meaning "generally unfavorable reviews".
Box office
Get Hard made over $105 million overall.
Castilleja

Castilleja, commonly known as Indian paintbrush or prairie-fire, is a genus of about 200 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants native to the west of the Americas from Alaska south to the Andes, northern Asia, and one species as far west as the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia.
Symbolism
Castilleja linariifolia is the state flower of Wyoming.
Germany national volleyball team

The Germany men's national volleyball team is the national team of Germany. It is governed by the DVV (Deutscher Volleyball-Verband). It takes part in international volleyball competitions. Germany won the gold medal in World Championship 1970 under East Germany. It won the bronze medal in the 2014 World Championships.
After German reunification, West Germany (1949-1990) was renamed Germany and they absorbed East Germany (1949-1990) with the records.
Soliers

Soliers is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Plymouth Colony

Plymouth Colony was an English colony in North America. It existed from 1620 to 1691. At its height, Plymouth Colony occupied most of the southeastern part of the modern state of Massachusetts.
History
The first settlement of the Plymouth Colony was at New Plymouth. This settlement served as the capital of the colony. It is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Separatists and Anglicans (together, the "Pilgrims") founded the colony. With Jamestown and other settlements in Virginia Colony, it was one of the earliest successful English colonies in North America. It was the first sizable permanent English settlement in the New England region.
The colony made a treaty with Chief Massasoit. This helped to make the colony a success. The colonists played a role in King Philip's War. The colony merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony and other territories in 1691. Together they formed the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
Plymouth holds a special role in American history. Many of the Plymouth colonists left England for a place to worship in their own way. The social and legal systems of the colony became tied to their religious beliefs, as well as English custom. Many of the people and events surrounding Plymouth Colony have become part of American folklore. These include Thanksgiving and Plymouth Rock.
Gavrelle

Gavrelle is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Socotra

Socotra (Somali: Suqadara, ) is an island east of the Horn of Africa. It lies between the Guardafui Channel and the Indian Ocean. Although Socotra belongs to Yemen, in 2018 it was taken over by the United Arab Emirates.
Geography
To its west it is joined by an archipelago of much smaller islands. It is also named the Islands of San Gustav after the navigator who discovered them, Gustav Peter Galle Daniels. It is located east of the Horn of Africa and south of the Arabian Peninsula.
Climate
Socotra has a borderline tropical, desert climate and semi-desert climate (Koppen climate classification: BWh and BSh), with an average yearly temperature over . With a total of only , the yearly rainfall is light but is fairly spread throughout the year. The total rainfall in the mountains can average as much as per year and can average over per month from October to December, during the northeast monsoon. The southwest monsoon season from June to September brings strong winds and high seas.
Wildlife
The island is very isolated and some 30% of its plant species are found only on Socotra. It has been described as the most alien-looking place on Earth. The island is in length and in width.
Country
Socotra belongs to the Republic of Yemen. From late 2017 to mid-2018, Socotra was occupied by the United Arab Emirates. In 2018, the island was also occupied by Saudi Arabia. The Emiratis and later the Saudis came to Socotra because of the Yemeni Civil War (2015-present). Since 2017, Socotra is no longer under the control of the internationally recognized Yemeni government. The island is under the control of the UAE and under the authority of the sessecionist Southern Transitional Council which is supported by UAE troops.
Noroy-sur-Ourcq

Noroy-sur-Ourcq is a commune. It is in Picardie in the Aisne department in north France.
Emperor Mo of Jin

Emperor Mo of Jin was emperor of China during the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. He was born in 1202 and died on February 9, 1234. Mo of Jin holds the record for the shortest reign of a monarch in history of China.
Limoise

Limoise is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
HI

HI or Hi can mean several things:
Hello, an informal greeting in the English language
Hi, a short version of Hello.
Democracy in Athens

The Democracy in Ancient Athens was very different from modern democracy. Citizens had the right to help govern but most people were not citizens.
To be classed as a citizen in fifth-century Athens you had to be male, born from two Athenian parents, over eighteen years old, and completed your military service. Women, slaves, metics and children under the age of 20 were not allowed to become citizens.
Citizens could be involved in the running of Athens and could be chosen for important positions. They were also allowed to own land. Citizens were between 10% and 20% of the total population at various times in the 5th and 4th centuries.
The Ecclesia (Assembly of Men)
Ancient Athens had a direct democracy. This meant that each citizen had an equal say and opportunity in the governing of Athens. The citizens of Athens would meet on a hillside (the Pnyx) 30 to 40 times a year to discuss how to run the city better. Usually a few thousand actually came to the meeting.
All citizens could attend the meetings. People would stand on a raised platform called the bema to speak. Speakers wore a garland whilst speaking. Any citizen could speak.
All major decisions concerning the running of Athens were decided here - taxes, war, policy, etc. Any decisions were made by a show of hands.
A black pig would be sacrificed to the gods at the start of the meeting to make sure the meeting went well.
All democratic countries now have an indirect democracy. This means members of parliament are elected to make decisions concerning government. There are now too many people in countries for them to meet on a hillside, and many people are too busy to be able to go many times each year.
The Boule (Council of 500)
Cleisthenes, a democratic reformer, divided Attica into ten tribes in 510 BC. The Boule was made up of 50 male Athenian citizens chosen at random from each of the ten tribes (all over 30 years old). This meant that 500 men were elected, but only 50 served at any one time.
Saint-Aignan, Sarthe

Saint-Aignan is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Wake Up Dead

"Wake Up Dead" is a song by Megadeth, an American thrash metal band. It was a single from their second album, Peace Sells... but Who's Buying? (1986). It was written by Dave Mustaine. The band plays the song at many of their concerts. It is one of the songs that they play the most. The song went on the UK Singles Chart in 1986.
In 2022, Lamb of God made a cover version of the song with Mustaine. It was released on April 1, 2022.
Alex Govan

Alexander "Alex" Govan (16 June 1929 - 10 June 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer. He played at outside left. Most of his career, he played with Plymouth Argyle (in two spells) and with Birmingham City during their most successful period in the 1950s. He also had a short spell with Portsmouth.
Govan died at his Plymouth, England home on 10 June 2016 at the age of 86.
Gwoyeu Romatzyh

Gwoyeu Romatzyh (pinyin: Guoyu luomazi, literally "National Language Romanization"), abbreviated GR, is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese, or a way to write Mandarin using the Roman alphabet, made by Yuen Ren Chao and some other linguists in the late 1920s. It was made as a way to write Mandarin using tonal spelling, or spelling rules that would change the syllable's spelling depending on its tone. For example, the syllable chai would be written as chai if it has the first Mandarin tone (or chai in Pinyin), chair if it has the second tone (chai), chae if it has the third tone (chai), and chay if it had the fourth tone (chai). Y.R. Chao created GR in order to increase literacy in China because China's illiteracy was very high in the early 20th century. He made it that tones could be written without extra tone markers, which can be long and difficult to add when printing.
Even though many other Asian languages use tonal spelling, like Hmong, they all represent tones by using the same letter each time the tone is used. In Hmong, for example, -b is always a high tone, -s is always a low tone, -j is always high-falling tone. In GR, however, each syllable final has its own spelling rules, and many exceptions exist within these rules. For example, first tone words with the final -a as in ba is written with just one vowel like ba, except when the syllable begins with an l-, m-, or n-, which then must be written as lha, mha, and nha in that order. This is only one of its many rules and exceptions.
Unsurprisingly, many people thought GR was too difficult to learn. Nonetheless, it still has many supporters, and they would rather learn using GR than Pinyin. While supporters of GR claim that it helps users of GR remember tones better than people who just use Pinyin, studies have not supported this claim. As a matter of fact, one study showed that after one year, the subjects who learned Chinese using Pinyin could more accurately speak Mandarin with tones than those who learned using GR.
After the Communist Party took over China, it tried to replaced all romanizations of Chinese, including GR, with Pinyin. While GR is not an official romanization in Taiwan, it can be seen in several places, including road signs, people's names, and the names of products, even though Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization of Taiwan.
Even though almost all romanizations in mainland China today are in Pinyin, there are still some exceptions. For example, the name of the province Shaanxi is written in GR rather than in Pinyin, which would be Shanxi with tone markers, because there is already another province named Shanxi, which is written as Shanxi with tones. If the Pinyin names were to be written without tone markers (which they often are in everyday Pinyin), they should both be spelled Shanxi. Therefore they would be impossible to tell apart using just Pinyin without tones. Therefore, an exception has been made in this case.
Below are examples of sentences written in Chinese characters, Pinyin, and GR with English translations.
Red (Pokémon)

is the main protagonist of Pokemon Red and Blue, the first two games in the Nintendo's Pokemon franchise, as well as the Pokemon Green and Yellow sequels.
The protagonist of the main Pokemon's anime adaptation, Ash Ketchum, was based on him.
Appearances
In video-games
Red is the protagonist of the Pokemon Red and Blue video games and their Pokemon FireRed and LeafGreen remakes.
In the game, Red is an 11-year-old boy from Pallet Town. Red began to take an interest in Pokemon, after his best friend Green stopped playing with him. His adventure begins when one day Professor Oak calls Red and Green to his laboratory to receive his initial Pokemon. After receiving the Pokemon from him, Green challenges Red to a battle. Later, Oak's teacher gives Red and Green a Pokedex to fulfill their dream of completing all the Pokemon information.
Red travels all over Kanto, filling the Pokedex with information and defeating Gym leaders. His rival, Green, is always one step ahead of him, and it seems that many times, he tries to impede Red's progress. When Red finally reaches the Indigo Plateau to face the High Command, Red learns that Green has defeated all members of the High Command, being the current champion of the Pokemon League. In the end, Red defeats his rival Green in battle, and becomes the new champion.
Aside from Green, Team Rocket is Red's main enemy, who tries to thwart his malevolent plans. During his tour of Kanto, Red has several clashes with Team Rocket. When Red defeats Giovanni (Team Rocket Leader) the organization disappears. However, several members who are on Inta Island, are unaware of what happened and are defeated by Red. Three years later, Team Rocket focuses its attention on the Johto region.
Anime
Red is the protagonist of the anime miniseries Pokemon Origins, where Red narrates the events of the first Pokemon games (Pokemon Red and Blue/Green) from the beginning of his journey to become Champion of the Kanto Pokemon League.
Other appearances
Red makes his appearance in his original appearance from the third generation of Pokemon video games, in the Wii's video game Super Smash Bros. Brawl.
Eiichiro Ozaki

Eiichiro Ozaki (born 7 December 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori.
Electoral system

An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are run and how their results are decided. They are used in politics to elect national and local governments. Elections also happen in businesses, and other sorts of organisations. These rules usually govern voting, when elections happen, who can vote, who can be a candidate, how the votes are counted, how votes decide the election, limits on campaign spending, and other things that can affect the result.
There are many different electoral systems. Sometimes different systems are used in different sorts of elections in the same country.
Voters may vote directly for candidates or their votes may elect an electoral college where their representatives may run a further election. Areas may be divided into constituencies with one or more representatives in each. Voters may vote directly for individual candidates or for a list of candidates.
The most common systems are first-past-the-post voting, multiple non-transferable vote, the two-round (runoff) system, party-list proportional representation and ranked or preferential voting as used in single-winner Instant-runoff voting or multi-winner Single transferable voting.
Different voting systems may effect the results, and they may be changed to benefit those in power.