kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
George Balabushka

George Balabushka (December 9, 1912 - December 5, 1975) was a Russian-born American billiards (pool) cue maker. He may have been the most important cue stick maker. He is sometimes called "the Stradivarius of cuemakers". His full name or last name alone is often used to refer to a cue stick made by him. He arrived in the U.S. in 1942. He worked at different carpentry and toy and furniture making jobs. He loved playing pool and bought a pool room with a business partner in 1959. Then he started making cues as gifts for friends. This soon became a business when others wanted to buy them.
Balabushka made about 1,200 handcrafted cues during his 16 year career from 1959 to his death in 1975. His cues are highly valued collectors items. They appeared in Martin Scorsese's 1986 film, The Color of Money. Original Balabushka cues may sell for tens of thousands of dollars at auction.
Life and career
Early life
George Balabushka was born in Russia on December 9, 1912 and immigrated to the United States in 1924 at 12 years of age. His family, parents Anton and Natalie and younger sister Mary, settled in New York City. Although originally named Gregori, according to Balabushka he was given a new first name, George, by emigration officials when he was processed through Ellis Island.
Employment
Balabushka's first job was as a wooden toy designer and maker at the Educational Equipment Company. in Manhattan, The company made building blocks for nurseries and schools. Later, he built children's furniture for the Playtime Woodworking Company in Greenwich Village. While working, Balabushka lost his middle finger to a band saw. Using a wooden mold, he made himself a replacement plastic finger. It was very realistic so that even his friends did not realize his loss until long after the incident. As Balabushka's carpentry skills improved he began building accordions and other detailed carpentry pieces on his own time.
Balabushka worked hard on playing ability and fine craftsmanship in his cues. He created new methods of cue construction, cue finishes and cue design. Most Balabushka cues look simple. Many of his construction techniques have become standard in the industry.
George Balabushka died in 1975 at the age of 62. He was named the first member the American Cuemakers Association Hall of Fame in February, 1993. In 2004, he entered the Meritorious Service category of the Billiard Congress of America's Hall of Fame.
Saiful Muluk Lake

Lake Saiful Muluk () is a lake at the northern end of the Kaghan Valley ( 34deg52'37.34''N, 73deg41'37.71''E) near Naran. It is in the northeast of Mansehra District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. At an altitude of 3,224 m (10,578 feet) above sea level it is one of the highest lakes in Pakistan.
Min

Min or MIN may refer to:
Languages
Min Chinese, a variety of spoken Chinese
Min Nan, a variety of Chinese spoken in Fujian
Minangkabau language, ISO 639-2 code min, an Austronesian language, spoken in Indonesia
Places
Fujian, also called Min, a province of China
Min (Ten Kingdoms) (909-945), a state in Fujian during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Min County, a county of Dingxi, Gansu province, China
Minnesota, a state in the United States
Other uses
Queen Min, empress of Joseon
Menes or Min, an early Egyptian pharaoh
Min (god), an Egyptian god
Minimum
Minnesota Wild, a professional NHL ice hockey team based in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
NFL's Minnesota Vikings, NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves and MLB's Minnesota Twins
Minute
Minuth or Min, a type of heresy in Judaism
Mobile identification number
Min, an abbreviation for minister (government)
Never Turn Your Back on Mother Earth

"Never Turn Your Back on Mother Earth" is a 1974 song by Los Angeles band Sparks and is the lead single from their fourth studio album Propaganda. It went to number 13 in the United Kingdom and number 40 in Germany. It did not chart in the United States. It was covered by Depeche Mode in 1987.
Track listing
"Never Turn Your Back on Mother Earth" -- 2:28
"Alabamy Right" -- 2:11
Katie McGlynn

Katie Louise McGlynn (born 16 July 1993 in Rochdale, Greater Manchester) is an English actress. She is best known for her roles as troubled pupil Jodie "Scout" Allen in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road from 2011 to 2013 and Sinead Tinker in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street from 2013 to 2020. Between 2021 and 2022, she has appeared as Becky Quentin in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks.
Juan Gómez-Quiñones

Juan Gomez-Quinones (January 28, 1940 - November 11, 2020) was an American historian, poet, and activist. He was best known for his work in Chicana/o history. He was a co-editor of the Plan de Santa Barbara.
Gomez-Quinones was born in Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. He taught at the University of California at Los Angeles.
Gomez-Quinones died on November 11, 2020 in Los Angeles at the age of 80.
Athletics at the 1934 Women's World Games – 200 metres

The 200 metres at the 1934 Women's World Games was held at the White City Stadium in London, from 9 to 11 August 1934.
In the final, the German Kathe Krauss won the event in 24.9 seconds ahead of Polish Stella Walasiewicz and British Eileen Hiscock.
Entrants
On 9 August an incomple list was published of participating athletes. This list consisted of athletes from seven nations: Austria, Czechslovakia, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the 200 metres event.
* The Dutch Tollien Schuurman injured herself after winning her semi-final 60 metres event. She was replaced and the Dutch Cor Aalten and Beb Martin competed in the 200 metres event.
Results
Heats
The heats took place on 9 August.
Heat 1
Heat 2
Heat 3
Heat 4
Heat 5
Heat 6
Sources:
Semi-finals
The semi-finals took place on 10 August.
Semi-final 1
Semi-final 2
Source:
Final
The final took place on 12 August 1934.
Note: in Dutch newspaper sources the Canadian Palmer is listed in third place, without mentioning Hiscock at all. However, all database sources uses Hiscock as third in the event.
Super Elastic Bubble Plastic

Super Elastic Bubble Plastic was the brand name for a children's toy. It was made from the 1970s through the 80s by Wham-O. The bubbles contained polyvinyl acetate dissolved in acetone. They also had ethyl acetate added. The acetone evaporated when the bubbles were inflated through a drinking straw. This left behind a solid plastic film. They were also highly flammable. The product was dangerous to children if spilled. It also gave off noxious fumes. The fumes could become concentrated inside the straw, making it dangerous to inhale through the straw while inflating a bubble. The toy was not recommended for children under 5. Because of these problems, Super Elastic Bubble Plastic was eventually discontinued.
Ahmed Gailani

Sayyid Ahmed Gailani (; 1932 - 20 January 2017) was an Afghan Islamic leader and politician. He was the leader (Pir) of the Qadiriyya Sufi order in Afghanistah. He was also the founder of the National Islamic Front of Afghanistan. The party was tied with the Mujahideen who led the war against the Soviet Union in the 1980s. He also founded the High Peace Council in 2001. He was born in Surkh-Rod District, Nangarhar Province.
Gailani died after an illness on 20 January 2017 in Kabul. He was 84.
María Hung

Maria Hung is a swimmer from Venezuela. Hung competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. She was born on 8 June 1960.
Victor Soczava

Viktor Soczava (born June 20, 1905, Pargolovo; died December 29, 1978, Komarovo) was a Soviet geographer, geobotanist and landscape scientist. He was a member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1968) and the founder of the Siberian Geographic School. He was also the creator of the doctrine of geosystems in geographical science.
He worked as a landscape scientist and was the founder of the Siberian School of Geography. He proposed the geosystem theory as a refinement of the landscape theories of Lev S. Berg, Humboldt and Vasily Dokuchaev on the basis of the general systems theory.
Works
SOCZAVA, V.B. Por uma Teoria de classificacao de geossistemas da vida terrestre. Biogeografia, n.14. IGUSP. Sao Paulo. 1978. 23 p.
SC Weiße Elf Wien

SC Weisse Elf Wien is a former Austrian football club from the Meidling district of Vienna. The club played a total of 15 seasons in the second division between the 1924/25 and 1945/46 season.
History
SC Weisse Elf was founded by sports-loving young people in July 1919 in Meidling. Professional football was introduced in Vienna in 1924 and the club officials decided to take part in the professional championship. The club was part of the second division and reached a midfield position in the first season. In the Cup they reached the Quarter finals. Because they had no own ground in 1936 they merged with SC Schwarz-Weiss Wien, which had its own sports field in the Penzing district. During the years of the Second World War club remained in the third level before they were reassigned to the second level in 1943.
After the end of the war Weisse Elf stayed in the Second league but was relegated after the first season. After the club had played in the third and fourth division in the next few years, the fall to the lower leagues of Viennese amateur football from the mid-1950s on. In 1980 there was a merger with the local WAT 16, and the merged club played under the name WAT 16-Weisse Elf in the following years . The addition was eliminated in the late 1980s and the traditional name of the Weissen Elf disappeared from Viennese football.
Daniel LeMahieu

Daniel Roy LeMahieu (November 5, 1946 - February 18, 2022) was an American Republican politician. He was born in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. He was in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 2003 to 2015.
LeMahieu died in Green Bay, Wisconsin, on February 18, 2022, at the age of 75.
Crêpe paper

Crepe paper is a type of paper which has been coated with sizing and then creped to create gathers.
John Challis

John Spurley Challis (16 August 1942 - 19 September 2021) was an English actor. He was born in Bristol, England. His career began in 1964. He was best known for playing Terrance Aubrey "Boycie" Boyce in the long-running BBC Television sitcom Only Fools and Horses (1981-2003) and its sequel/spin-off The Green Green Grass (2005-2009). He also played Monty Staines in the ITV sitcom Benidorm from 2015 to 2018.
On 6 September 2021, Challis announced that he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 2019. He died two weeks later on 19 September from the disease, aged 79.
Frank Geleyn

Frank Geleyn (17 March 1960 - 7 January 2023) was a Belgian children's writer.
Geleyn teached for 40 years French at the Margareta Maria Institute in Kortemark. After his retirement, he became a full time writer. Geleyn wrote nineteen children's and youth books. His books are all published by De Eenhoorn. Some of his books have been translated into Chinese, Korean and Danish. He was nominated several times for awards, including for the Boekenleeuw, the Young Jury in the Netherlands and the Flemish Children and Youth Jury. His debut work was Ik Zwijg in 2003, a youth novel about bullying. There have been published multiple reprints of the book. His last book Het Net was published in September 2022. In the book he wrote next to football, gaming and romance about cancer, in specific neuroendocrine tumor, a rare form of cancer that he also had himself.
Geleyn was married, had two married sons and one granddaughter. He died in Roeselare from neuroendocrine tumor on 7 January 2023, at the age of 62.
Liomer

Liomer is a commune. It is in the region Picardie in the Somme department in the north of France.
Braeburn

Braeburn (Malus domestica 'Braeburn') is an apple cultivar that is firm to the touch with a red/orange vertical streaky appearance on a yellow/green background. The Braeburn apple originated in New Zealand. The apple has a sweet and tart flavour.
Government of India Act 1935

The Government of India Act 1935 was the last constitution of British India which split Burma from it. It lasted until 1947, when British territory was split into Pakistan and India.
Features of the act:
Detailed document with 321 sections and 10 schedules.
Divided powers between the Centre and units in terms of 3 lists: Federal list (59 items), Provincial list (54 items) and Concurrent list (36 items).
Gave Indian provinces much less independence.
Provision for the establishment of an All India Federation at the center, consisting of Provinces of British India and the Princely states.
For the first time direct elections were introduced. Women were also allowed to vote.
Sindh was separated from Bombay, Orissa was separated from Bihar, and Burma was separated from India. The number of provinces were increased to eleven by giving North West Frontier Province (NWFP) the status of fully-fledged province and creating two new provinces, Orissa and Sindh.
The System of Diarchy was dropped at the provincial level but introduced at the central government level.
Two Houses of Parliament at central government level were introduced with Council of State being the Upper House and Assembly being the Lower House.
Special Responsibilities and Safeguards vested in British Executive power in London
Introduced the Reserve bank of India to look after the cash flow and printing processes
Background
Despite the failure of round table conferences, in March 1933 the British government announced its proposals for how India should be governed. These were published in a 'white paper' (a discussion issued before a Bill is presented to the British parliament). After discussions by the British politicians and consultation with Indian delegates, nominated by the government to take part in the talks, a Bill was introduced before the British parliament in December 1934. In August 1935, the Government of India Act became law. This was the last major legislation that the British government passed before independence was granted. The act was an important point in the move towards formal Independence. It provided the basis for negotiations which resulted in the British leaving India.
This act was opposed by both the Muslim League and Congress however both contested in the elections of 1937.
Netbook

Netbook, the word made by Intel company in February 2008, means smaller version of a regular laptop. Netbooks are known for being small and easy to move around. It is a kind of computer that does basic jobs like web surfing and word processing. Netbook device is normally built for CPU that uses lower power, like the Intel Atom. Now there are many netbooks such as hp-mini and Asus Eee PC. More than 50 million netbooks will be released by 2011.
History
The concept of netbook is originated from subnotebooks. The word Netbook was introduced by Psion in 1999 and introduced again by Intel in 2008.
In 2007, Asus present the ASUS Eee PC range running a Linux on a 7 inch color screen. Soon after their appearance, netbooks grew in size and features, and converged with smaller laptops and subnotebooks. The Eee PC has been a top seller on Amazon.com and is often sold out in stores. The Eee's success is attributed to the relatively low-price (around $350/PS230/EUR300) compared with standard-sized laptops. (above $1000 at that time)
In middle of February 2008, Everex released its VIA chipset based on CloudBook, running gOS. Unlike its rival, the Eee PC, the CloudBook uses a hard-disk.
In June 2008, MSI launched the MSI Wind PC, with features such as Bluetooth and a 10" LED, backlit, 1024x600 screen. This new laptop is the first built with Intel Atom low power technology and competes with the HP 2133 Mini-Note PC which has a 8.9" screen.
Esino Lario

Esino Lario is a comune (municipality) of the Province of Lecco in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about north of Milan, northwest of Lecco, and about from the eastern shore of Lake Como.
Esino Lario is next to these municipalities: Cortenova, Lierna, Mandello del Lario, Parlasco, Pasturo, Perledo, Primaluna, Taceno and Varenna.
Newsletter

A Newsletter is printed or electronic news about what a business or organisation does. It is sent to members (of the business or organisation), customers, employees or subscribers.
Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark is a musical. Julie Taymor wrote the book. U2's Bono and The Edge wrote the lyrics and music.
The musical is based on a comic book character created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, as well as the 2002 movie about the character. The Greek myth of Arachne is also a basis for the musical.
The musical features much stunt work, including moments of "flying". Some performers were injured during rehearsals. Other problems delayed the premiere of the musical. Director Julie Taymor quit. After many rehearsals and revisions, the musical opened on Broadway at the Foxwoods Theatre on 14 June 2011. It was not a critical success.
The series has all 26 episodes of the 2 seasons with thirteen episodes of the each season. The series aired on RTL, France 3, Gulli, Canal J and Canal 5 Televisa on 2006 to 2009 before Spider-Man get cancelled the program in 2009.
Arrondissement of Dunkirk

The arrondissement of Dunkirk is an arrondissement of France, in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France region. Its capital is the city of Dunkirk.
History
When the Nord department was created on 1790, the arrondissement of Dunkirk, as arrondissement of Bergues, was part of that original department.
Geography
The arrondissement of Dunkirk is the most northern of the arrondissements of the Nord department. It borders with Belgium to the east, the Lille arrondissement to the southeast and the Pas-de-Calais department to the south and west. The North Sea is to the north of the arrondissement.
The arrondissement of Dunkirk is the largest arrondissement of the department with an area of . It has a population of 378,499 inhabitants for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
Mikhail Kalashnikov

Mikhail Timofeyevich Kalashnikov (10 November 1919 - 23 December 2013) was a Russian designer who is known for designing the AK-47, AKM, and AK-74 assault rifles when he served in the Soviet Army during World War II. He had the rank of lieutenant general.
Kalashnikov was born on 10 November 1919 in Kuriya, Altai Krai, Russian SFSR. He served in World War II and created many weapons and bombs including the AK-47 and a submachine gun. He was married to Ekaterina Kalashnikova. They had three children, one of them was gun designer Victor Kalashnikov. He lived in Izhevsk, Udmurtia.
On 17 November, Kalashnikov was hospitalized in an Udmurtian medical hospital for gastric hemorrhage. He died on the morning of 23 December, 2013 from the illness, aged 94.
Night Time (album)

Night Time is the fifth studio album by English post-punk band Killing Joke and released February, 1985 through Polydor Records. It went to number 8 in New Zealand, number 11 in the United Kingdom and number 50 in Sweden.
Alstead, New Hampshire

Alstead is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, 1,937 people lived there.
Ba Province

Ba is a province in Fiji. It is in the Western Division. It is on Viti Levu, Fiji's largest island.
There were about 245,000 people living there in 2017, the most of any province. It covers a land area of .
Ba Province includes the towns and districts of Ba, Magodro, Nadi, Nawaka, Tavua, Vuda and Vitogo. The city of Lautoka and the Yasawa Archipelago are also in Ba Province.
Mike Adams (columnist)

Mike S. Adams (October 30, 1964 - July 23, 2020) was an American conservative political columnist and writer. He was a professor at University of North Carolina Wilmington. He was born in Columbus, Mississippi.
Adams' first book, Welcome to the Ivory Tower of Babel, was published in 2004. Later that year, Adams joined the faculty of Summit Ministries and taught why abortion was bad and defending First Amendment rights on college campuses.
His third book Letters to a Young Progressive: How to Avoid Wasting Your Life Protesting Things You Don't Understand was published by Regnery in 2013.
On July 23, 2020, Adams was found dead at his Wilmington, North Carolina at the age of 55.
Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason

Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason is a 2004 British French German Irish American romantic comedy movie directed by Beeban Kidron and is based on the 1999 novel of the same name by Helen Fielding. It stars Renee Zellweger, Colin Firth, Hugh Grant and is the sequel to the 2001 movie Bridget Jones's Diary. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Gradualism

Gradualism is a process of change by gradual, slow stages. In politics, it is the opposite of revolutions and rapid change. "Gradualism is... sometimes associated with social democracy."
In geology, it is in tune with uniformitarianism and against catastrophism. In biology it is in tune with Darwinian ideas of slowly changing species as opposed to large rapid changes
Politics and society
Gradualism is one of the defining features of political liberalism and reformism. It is against abrupt strokes such as revolutions or uprisings. Instead, change ought to be brought about in small discrete steps.
Martin Luther King, Jr., was opposed to the idea of gradualism as a method of eliminating racial segregation. The government wanted to try to integrate African-Americans and European-Americans slowly into the same society, but many believed it was a way for the government to put off actually doing anything about racial segregation:
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy.-- Martin Luther King Jr.'s I Have a Dream speech, delivered August 28, 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC
Charles Lindblom was an influential professor and author who believed in muddling through ("incrementalism") as the right way to go. He pointed out the connexions between the political system, the market-place and democratic freedom.
Geology and biology
In the natural sciences, gradualism is a theory that profound change is the product of slow but continuous processes. It is often contrasted with catastrophism. Gradualism was proposed in 1795 by James Hutton to explain geology, and was later was the basis for Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology. William Whewell called the idea 'uniformitarianism'. It formed the basis of early evolutionary theory.
Charles Darwin was influenced by Lyell's Principles of Geology. Everything we see from the past is explained by processes we can see going on today. The present is key to the past. So Darwin thought evolutionary must occur gradually, not in jumps ('saltations'), since we do not see big changes going on today. Extreme and rapid changes in an organism would be most likely to be fatal. It is almost universally agreed that complex organs such as the eye must have evolved by many small steps rather than by one or two mutations.
Urban contemporary

Urban contemporary or urban music is a kind of music played on the radio. It comes from cities. The first person to use this word was the now dead New York DJ Frankie Crocker in the mid 1970s. Urban contemporary radio stations play only hip hop/rap, contemporary R&B, more urban-styled pop, and on occasion, Caribbean music such as reggae and reggaeton. Urban contemporary came from R&B and Soul. Almost all Urban contemporary type radio stations are found in cities that have lots of African-American people. Some cities that have Urban contemporary stations are; Los Angeles, California, New York City, Atlanta, Georgia, Chicago, Fayetteville, North Carolina, Charlotte, and Norfolk, Virginia, etc.
The words "urban contemporary" make people think of African American music, like R&B. For Latino people, the music is more like music from Latin neighborhoods, such as Reggaeton, Hip hop from South America, or bachata.
These stations try to sell their music to African-Americans between the ages of 18 and 34. Their playlists are mainly singles by popular hip hop and R&B artists. Sometimes, an urban contemporary station will play classic soul music songs from the '70s and early '80s to make old people happy.
Some radio stations in cities, like KJLH, KMEL, KDAY, and WVEE, will play gospel and Christian R&B/hip-hop music on Sundays.
Riva San Vitale

Riva San Vitale is a municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Perodua

The (Second Automobile Manufacturer Private Limited), usually abbreviated to Perodua (), is Malaysia's largest car manufacturer, closely followed by Proton.
Maiko Nakaoka

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Nakaoka was born in Amagasaki on February 15, 1985. In 1997, she was 12 years old, she debuted in Nadeshiko League at Takarazuka Bunnys. While she was a Honjo Daiichi High School student, she left the league. After graduating from high school, she joined Tasaki Perule FC in 2003. However, the club was disbanded in 2008 due to financial strain. She moved to Speranza FC Takatsuki. In 2012, she moved to Albirex Niigata and retired end of season.
On May 21, 2005, when Nakaoka was 20 years old, she debuted for the Japan national team against New Zealand. In 2006, she played at 2006 Asian Cup and 2006 Asian Games. She played 14 games for Japan until 2007.
Jemaah Islamiyah

Jemaah Islamiah (, al-Jama'at ul-Islamiyatu, meaning "Islamic Congregation", frequently abbreviated JI), is a Southeast Asian militant Islamic organization. It wants the creation of an Islamic caliphate (Daulah Islamiyah) in Southeast Asia. It would include Indonesia, Malaysia, the southern Philippines, Singapore and Brunei. JI was added to the United Nations 1267 Committee's list of terrorist organizations linked to al-Qaeda or the Taliban on 25 October 2002 under UN Security Council Resolution 1267.
Valenton

Valenton is a commune. It is in the Val-de-Marne department in France. In 2019, 14,883 people lived there.
The commune is in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, from the center.
Libera Chat

Libera Chat, also known as Libera.Chat, is an IRC network for free and open source software projects. It was founded on 19 May 2021 by former Freenode staff members, after Freenode was taken over by Andrew Lee.
The Shaggy Dog (1959 movie)

The Shaggy Dog is a 1959 Walt Disney movie. It stars Fred MacMurray, Tommy Kirk, Kevin Corcoran, and Annette Funicello. It is based on the story, The Hound of Florence by Felix Salten. It was Disney's first live-action movie. A sequel was made in 1976 called The Shaggy D.A. which stars Dean Jones, Tim Conway, and Suzanne Pleshette.
River Dart

The River Dart is an English river in Devon. It rises on Dartmoor, and reaches the English Channel at Dartmouth. The Dart begins at Dartmeet where the separate rivers East Dart and West Dart flow into each other.
Watercourse
The river's name may be Celtic meaning 'river where oak trees grow'. The banks of the lower Dart are covered in ancient woods of native oak.
The East and West Dart are crossed by a number of "clapper bridges" which are big slabs of stone laid on the river bed. At Totnes the river becomes tidal, and there are no bridges below the town.
The Dart estuary is a large 'ria' (coastel inlet). It is popular for sailing. The entrance to the river from the sea is rocky with cliffs either side. On the East side Kingswear Castle sits very close to the water's edge, and on the west side Dartmouth Castle is built on a rocky promontory at sea level. The castles once operated a defensive chain across the estuary. It was raised at dusk to destroy enemy ships attempting to attack the harbour. The remains of the operating mechanisms for the chain are still visible in Dartmouth castle.
The lower section of the River Dart forms Dartmouth Harbour, a deep water natural harbour with a long history. It is still a busy port for local fishing boats and a variety of yachts and other private boats. Several local companies do shipbuilding and repairs to small tonnage craft.
Senate of Spain

The Senate () is the upper house of the Cortes Generales of Spain. It is part of the Cortes Generales along with the Congress of Deputies--the lower chamber. The Senate meets in the Palace of the Senate in Madrid.
The Senate is made-up of senators, each of whom represents a province, an autonomous city or an autonomous community.
Electoral district of Narre Warren North

Narre Warren North is an electoral district of Victoria. It was created in 2002. It is in South-Eastern Metropolitan Region.
Narre Warren North is in Melbourne.
American Oxygen

"American Oxygen" is a song recorded by Rihanna. It was supposed to be from her eighth studio album Anti (2010), but the song was later released by itself. It was written by Alex da Kid, Candice Pillay, Sam Harris and Rihanna; Alex da Kid and Kanye West produced it.
Background
The writing of the song began in 2014, and it continued into 2015. Sam Harris who wrote the song felt that Rihanna would be good to sing it as she originally was a black female immigrant in America. He was also "choked up" when he heard Rihanna sing it as he idolized her.
Dampierre-sur-le-Doubs

Dampierre-sur-le-Doubs is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
Fairview, South Dakota

Fairview is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Lincoln County, and 60 people lived there at the 2010 census. Fairview was started in 1886.
List of cities in Grenada

This is a list of cities and towns in Grenada.
Grimes (musician)

Claire Elise Boucher (born March 17, 1988), better known as Grimes, is a Canadian musician and artist. She was born in Vancouver in British Columbia.
Early life
Boucher grew up in Vancouver. When she was 18 she moved to Montreal to study neuroscience and Russian at McGill University.
Career
She wrote on her Tumblr account that she started Grimes in 2009 when she first heard Mariah Carey.
She released her first album, Geidi Primes in 2010 on cassette. In 2011 she released an EP with d'Eon called Darkbloom.
In January 2012 she was signed to the record label 4AD. Pitchfork gave the album of a score of 7.5 out of 10. On January 9, 2012 she released the single "Genesis". Brooke Candy was in the music video.
Grimes released her third album Visions on January 31, 2012 in the United States. It got mostly good reviews from music critics. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 8.5 out of 10. Allmusic called it the best album of 2012. NME chose it as the second best album of 2012. In 2013 it was given the Juno Award for Electronic Album of the year.
In December 2013 Grimes signed to Jay-Z's management company Roc Nation.
Personal life
She is a feminist. In 2018, she became partners with Elon Musk. They have one son, X AE A-Xii, and one daughter, Exa Dark Siderael. In October 2021, Grimes and Musk separated.
AK-74

The AK-74 is a Russian made assault rifle. The letters AK stand for Avtomat Kalashnikova, which is Russian for Mikhail Kalashnikov's Automatic Rifle. The AK-74 is a later version of the AK-47 that has a few new features. The most important of these is that it fires a smaller cartridge, the 5.45x39.5mm Soviet.
Maggie Daley Park

Maggie Daley Park is a public park in the Loop community area of Chicago. It is near the Lake Michigan shoreline in northeastern Grant Park.
Maggie Daley Park is connected to Millennium Park by the BP Pedestrian Bridge. It is named for Maggie Daley, the former first lady of the city who died of breast cancer in 2011.
The park was almost entirely remade with multiple new features including a new field house, an ice skating ribbon, climbing walls, landscaping and children's playground. A garden honors cancer survivors.
It is bounded by Randolph Street, Monroe, Columbus and Lake Shore Drives. Construction took 2 years and cost $60 million, including rebuilding an underground parking lot.
Outer Hebrides

The Outer Hebrides, often called the Western Isles, make up an island chain off the west coast of Scotland. It is also a parliamentary constituency. The northern island is Lewis and Harris. South of Lewis and Harris is a series of islands, such as South Uist, Benbecula and North Uist. The Outer Herides includes a number of even smaller islands.
The isles form part of the Hebrides, and are separated from the Scottish mainland and from the Inner Hebrides by the stormy waters of the Minch, the Little Minch and the Sea of the Hebrides.
Formerly the dominant language of the Islands, Scottish Gaelic remains spoken even though it has now been largely supplanted by English in some parts.
Sea transport is crucial and a variety of ferry services operate between the islands and to mainland Britain.
History
The Western Isles became part of the Sudreyjar kingdom of the Norse, who ruled for over 400 years until sovereignty was transferred to Scotland by the Treaty of Perth in 1266. Control of the islands was then held by clan chiefs.
Geology & geography
Most of the islands have a bedrock formed from ancient metamorphic rocks and the climate is mild and oceanic. The Gulf Stream runs nearby. The 15 inhabited islands have a total population of about 26,500 and there are more than 50 substantial uninhabited islands.
Flora and fauna
Much of the archipelago is a protected habitat including both the islands and the surrounding waters. There are 53 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) of which the largest are Loch an Duin, North Uist at and North Harris, which is in extent.
Loch Druidibeg on South Uist is a National Nature Reserve owned and managed by Scottish Natural Heritage. The reserve covers 1,677 hectares across the whole range of local habitats.
Monégasque dialect

Monegasque (; ; ) is the type of Ligurian spoken in Monaco, where it is the national language. Although it is not an official language of Monaco (which is only French), it does enjoy an official status, and it is taught in schools and is compulsory.
Columbia City, Oregon

Columbia City is a city in Columbia County, Oregon, United States.
Solomon Dias Bandaranaike

Sir Solomon Dias Abeywickrema Jayatilleke Senewiratna Rajakumaruna Kadukeralu Bandaranaike KCMG, Maha Mudaliyar, JP (; 22 May 1862 - 31 July 1946) was the chief representative and adviser to the Governor of Ceylon, the monarch's representative in colonial Ceylon.
Early life
Bandaranaike was a member of an Sinhalese family, the son of Mudaliyar Don Christoffel Bandaranaike who was Mudaliyar Governors Gate and 2nd Udagaha Mudaliyar. He was educated at S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia in Colombo.
He married Daisy Ezline Obeyesekere in 1898 and his son, S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike became the 4th Prime Minister of Ceylon after independence and his granddaughter Chandrika Kumaratunga became both Prime Minister and President of Sri Lanka. His grandson Anura Bandaranaike became Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
White-backed vulture

The White-backed Vulture is a bird of the family Accipitridae which also includes eagles and hawks. They live in the African grasslands. They eat the leftovers of big cats. After their meal, they clean their feathers well so that they are always in good flying condition.
Kim Yong-nam

Kim Yong-nam (; born 4 February 1928) is a North Korean politician. He serves as President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly. He was position 1998-2019. Previously, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1983 to 1998. He was elected a member of the Presidium of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) in 2010.
President of South Ossetia

The president of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia.
Lago di Muzzano

Lago di Muzzano is a lake in Ticino, Switzerland. It is in the municipalities of Sorengo, Muzzano and Collina d'Oro. Its surface area is . It flows into Lake Lugano.
Ramón Martínez

Ramon Martinez (31 August 1948 - 25 January 2022) was a Venezuelan politician. He was the Governor of the state of Sucre from 1992 to 1998 for the Movement for Socialism, and again from 2000 to 2008, first for Movement for Socialism and then for For Social Democracy. From 1998 to 2000 he was a member of the Venezuelan Senate.
Martinez died from COVID-19 in Caracas, Venezuela on 25 January 2022, at the age of 73.
2021 Boulder shooting

On March 22, 2021, a mass shooting happened at a King Soopers supermarket in Boulder, Colorado, United States. Ten people were killed, including an on-duty police officer.
The suspected shooter, 21-year-old Ahmad Al Aliwi Al-Issa, was arrested by police after they shot him in the right leg. He was briefly hospitalized before being moved to the county jail.
Chris Matthews

Christopher John Matthews (born December 17, 1945) is an American news anchor and political commentator. He is known for as the host of his talk show Hardball with Chris Matthews on MSNBC. On weekends he hosted the syndicated ABC News program The Chris Matthews Show.
Early life
Matthews went to La Salle College High School. Matthews served in the United States Peace Corps in Swaziland from 1968 to 1970 as a trade development adviser.
Career
Matthews worked with Tip O'Neill, the Speaker of the House. O'Neill, a Democrat, was a political rival of VHS Republican president Ronald Reagan, but the two remained friends, saying that after 6:00 the two could go out for a drink together. Matthews wrote a book about their relationship. The last episode of The Chris Matthews Show was shown on July 21 2013. After he wrote a best selling book about politics called Hardball, Matthews joined MSNBC and hosted a show of the same name. Matthews is a moderate Democrat who has supported Republicans before and said that he is "more conservative than people think I am." However, Matthews has been a long time supporter of Barack Obama. In 2004, following a speech by Obama, Matthews said he had "seen the first black president," a prediction which came true four years later. Matthews once stated that Obama gave him a "thrill up his leg." This quote was widely mocked by many people. He has also been critical of Hillary Clinton, and has said that she got her office by her husband's fame and not on her own ability. As of 2015, Matthews hosts Hardball with Chris Matthews on the MSNBC cable channel at 5:00PM on weekdays. He is also a political commentator that appears on other shows. Matthews is married to his wife of thirty five years, Kathleen, a businesswoman who is an executive at Marriott. He is a Roman Catholic.
Division of Perth

The Division of Perth is an Australian electoral division in Western Australia. It was one of the first 75 divisions set up for the first Australian election in 1901. It is named after Perth, the capital city of Western Australia.
It includes the suburbs of Ashfield, Bassendean, Bayswater, Bedford, Beechboro, East Perth, Eden Hill, Embleton, Highgate, Inglewood, Kiara, Lockridge, Maylands, Morley, Mount Lawley, Noranda, Northbridge, and parts of Coolbinia, Dianella, Menora, North Perth, Perth City, West Perth and Yokine.
Members
Walter Nairn was Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives from 1940 to 1943. Tom Burke's son, Brian Burke, became Premier of Western Australia. Fred Chaney Snr. was Minister for the Navy in the Menzies and Holt governments. He was later appointed as Administrator of the Northern Territory. One of his sons, also named Fred Chaney, became a Member of Parliament. Joe Berinson served as Minister of the Environment in the Whitlam government. Ric Charlesworth was a hockey player, who played for Australia at five Olympic Games. Steven Smith served in the Rudd and Gillard governments as a minister, includuing Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Defence.
The Abominable Snowman (movie)

The Abominable Snowman (U.S. title: The Abominable Snowman of the Himalayas) is a 1957 British fantasy horror movie directed by Val Guest and stars Peter Cushing, Forrest Tucker, Maureen Connell. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Rayman

Rayman is a video game series created by Michael Ancel, It was distributed by Ubisoft The first game was launched on 1995.
The series is about Rayman, a magic character on fantastic worlds.
Wat Tyler

Wat Tyler (4 January 1341 - 15 June 1381) was the leader of the English Peasant's Revolt of 1381. He died on 15 June 1381 at the meeting at Smithfield with the fourteen year old King Richard II. First, he was hit by William Walworth, mayor of London, and then one of the king's squires stabbed him in the stomach, killing him.
United States House of Representatives

The United States House of Representatives is a part of the United States (U.S.) Congress. Congress is the legislature of the U. S. government and makes federal laws. The other part of Congress is the U. S. Senate. There are maximum 435 members in the United States House of Representatives. These members are called U. S. Representatives or just representatives. All representatives are elected every two years.
The number of representatives from each state depends on the number of people in that state, the population, but there is at least one U. S. representative from each of the 50 states. Every 10 years, the United States Census Bureau counts the population of the United States. States gain or lose Representatives based on the count. The House of Representatives is in one of the two wings in the U.S. Capitol building. The other wing is for the Senate. Sometimes the House of Representatives is informally called the House. The chairman/chairperson in the U.S. House of Representatives is called the Speaker of the House.
According to the U.S. Constitution, all bills about raising revenue, which includes taxes, must start in the House of Representatives. Also, only the House of Representatives has the power to impeach certain officials, such as the president or federal judges. According to the U.S. Constitution, the House of Representatives can expel, or impeach, one of its representatives by a vote of at least two-thirds of its members.
Janet Seidel

Janet Seidel (28 May 1955 - 8 August 2017) was an Australian singer, pianist and educator. She was born in Cummins, South Australia.
Her albums, recorded with her brother bassist David Seidel, have been nominated for prizes such as the ARIA Music Awards. Her album Moon of Manakoora won the Bell Award for Best Australian Jazz Vocal Album in 2006. She was a music teacher at Sydney Girls High School.
Seidel died on 8 August 2017 from ovarian cancer at her home in Sydney, New South Wales at the age of 62.
Ruislip

Ruislip is a town on the northwest side of Greater London. It was in Middlesex until that county was abolished in 1965. It owes its present population to the Metropolitan Railway, built early in the 20th century. After that was built many Londoners moved out to places along the line.
Ruislip is now served by five stations on the London Underground network. These are:
Ruislip: Metropolitan and Piccadilly lines
Ruislip Manor: Metropolitan and Piccadilly lines
South Ruislip: Central line
West Ruislip: Central line
Ruislip Gardens: Central line
Ruislip Lido is well known in the area. It has a small railway line that runs between two stations around the lake as well as a small beach that hosts some children's play equipment.
Stein Erik Hagen

Stein Erik Hagen is a Norwegian businessman. He is chairman of Orkla. Hagen holds large stakes in the companies Steen & Strom, Jernia and Komplett.
According to the magazine Kapital, Hagen has NOK 24 billion. It is making him the second richest person in Norway.
Biography
Stein Erik Hagen was born 22 July 1956. He studied Kjopmannsinsituttet.
Together with his father he founded discount store chain called RIMI in the 1970s. In the 2000s he sold RIMI to Swedish companies ICA and Ahold. Most of the money he invested in the Orkla.
At various times he financially supported different parties (Liberal Party, Christian Democratic Party, Conservative Party and Progress Party).
List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition

In Australian Federal Politics the Leader of the Opposition is a Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives. The Leader of the Opposition is usually the leader of the party which has the most seats but is not part of the Government. In Parliament the Leader of the Opposition sits on the left-hand side of the table in the centre, in front of the Opposition and opposite the Prime Minister. The Opposition Leader is elected by the Opposition Party. A new Opposition Leader may be elected if the person in the position dies, resigns or is challenged for the leadership.
The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. It is based on the British Westminster model. The term Opposition has a specific meaning in the parliamentary system. Its formal title is Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition. This is an important part of the Westminster system. The Opposition directs its criticism at the Government and attempts to defeat and replace the Government. The Opposition is therefore the 'Government in waiting' and it is a formal part of the parliamentary system, just as is the Government. It is in opposition to the Government, but not to the Crown, hence the term 'Loyal Opposition'.
The current Leader of the Opposition is Peter Dutton since 30 May 2022, following the Liberal Party's defeat in the 2022 federal election.
Leaders of the Opposition
Related pages
Leader of the Opposition
Prime Minister of Australia
Notes
Shows an Opposition Leader who had previously been Prime Minister.
Shows an Opposition Leader who later became Prime Minister.
Gough Whitlam refused to use the title Leader of the Opposition between the dismissal of his government in November 1975 and the first meeting of the new parliament in February 1976. During the election campaign in December 1975 he styled himself as the Leader of the Majority in the House of Representatives.
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Thirteenth Amendment was an amendment to the United States Constitution, meaning that it was a change to the basic and most important laws that govern the United States. It abolished slavery in the United States. It was passed in December 6, 1865, at the end of the Civil War with only a handful of Democrats supporting the Amendment in both Chambers of Congress. It was one of the Reconstruction Amendments. It repealed Article Four, Section 2, of the Constitution; the Fugitive Slave Clause.
Text
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
History
Prior to the Civil War, Constitution allowed slavery. However, many groups sought to end slavery in the United States. The groups became the Republican Party in 1856, and gained power in 1860 with the election of Abraham Lincoln.
In 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed slaves only in certain parts of the United States, and did not actually make slavery illegal.
Near the end of the Civil War, Republicans, who controlled Congress, introduced an amendment to make slavery illegal (against the law) in every part of the United States. (In order for an amendment to happen, it first must be passed by both the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, and then passed by three-quarters of the states' legislatures.) The amendment was passed by three-quarters of the states, and became law in late 1865.
Niğde

Nigde is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Central Anatolia Region. In 2013, 201,597 people lived there.
Yoshiki Okamura

Yoshiki Okamura (born 21 March 1977) is a former Japanese football player.
Playing career
Okamura was born in Nagasaki Prefecture on March 21, 1977. He graduated from Kansai University. He joined J1 League club Gamba Osaka in 1999. On May 24, 2000, he started as a midfielder against Consadole Sapporo in J.League Cup. However he did not play much until 2001. In 2002, he moved to Sagawa Express Osaka, who were recently promoted to Japan Football League. He played many matches in 3 seasons. He retired at the end of the 2004 season.
Cugand

Cugand is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendee department in the west of France.