José S Carrión

Jose S Carrion (Jumilla 1962) is a Spanish scientist, editor, science and cultural columnist and poet. His main research interest deals with the relationships between hominins and plants from a palaeoecological perspective. He has conducted and co-ordinated a number of research projects on the palaeoflora and palaeovegetation of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands, ecological changes linked to patterns and processes of human and cultural evolution, eco-cultural collapses, extinctions in plants, palaeoecology and biodiversity conservation and forest management, palaeoenvironments of arid regions, pollen analysis of biogenic materials and archaeological sites, pollen analyses of honeys, aerobiological monitoring (Burkard filters), forensic palynology, and spore and pollen-morphological studies. He is full professor of Evolutionary Botany at University of Murcia, where he leads the Research Group ECCE HOMO (Evolution, Cenozoic, Quaternary, Ecology, Homo). He is currently editor in chief of Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, and Associate Editor of Quaternary Science Reviews, Elsevier.
Education
University of Murcia: 1985. BSc Biology. Special Distinction. 1986: MSc Botany, Palynology. 1990: PhD Palynology. Cum Laude and Special Distinction.
He has been manager at the National Research Plan, Biodiversity Program in the Spanish Ministry of Economy, and participated in a number of international committees of evaluation of research activities.
Publications
Articles
Carrion,s publications
1992
Carrion JS. 1992. Late Quaternary pollen sequence from Carihuela Cave, Southeastern Spain. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 71, 37-77
Carrion JS. 1992. A palaeoecological study in the Western Mediterranean area. The Upper Pleistocene pollen record from Cova Beneito (Alicante, Spain). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 92, 1-14
Carrion JS, Sanchez-Gomez P. 1992. Palynological data in support of the survival of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in the western Mediterranean area during last glacial times. Journal of Biogeography 19, 623-630
1993
Carrion JS, Delgado MJ, Garcia M.1993. Pollen grain morphology of Coris (Primulaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 184, 89-100
1995
Carrion JS., Dupre M, Fumanal MP, Montes R. 1995. A palaeoenvironmental study in the semiarid southeastern Spain: the palynological and sedimentological sequence at Perneras Cave (Lorca, Murcia). Journal of Archaeological Science 22, 355-367
1996
Carrion JS, Dupre M.1996. Late Quaternary vegetational history at Navarres, eastern Spain. A two core approach. New Phytologist 134, 177-191
1997
Carrion JS, Munuera M. 1997. Upper Pleistocene paleoenvironmental change in eastern Spain: new pollen-analytical data from Cova Beneito (Alicante). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 128, 287-299
1998
Carrion JS, Munuera M, Navarro C. 1998. The palaeoenvironment of Carihuela Cave (Granada, Spain): a reconstruction on the basis of palynological investigations of cave sediments. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 99, 117-144
1999
Carrion JS, Munuera M, Navarro C, Burjachs F, Dupre M, Walker M.1999. Palaeoecological potential of pollen records in caves: the case of Mediterranean Spain. Quaternary Science Reviews 18, 67-78
Carrion JS, Scott L, Vogel J.1999. Twentieth century changes in montane vegetation in the eastern Free State, South Africa, derived from palynology of hyrax dung middens. Journal of Quaternary Science 14, 1-16
Carrion JS, Scott L.1999. The challenge of pollen analysis in palaeoenvironmental studies of hominid beds. the record from Sterkfontein Caves. Journal of Human Evolution 36, 401-408
Carrion JS, van Geel B. 1999. Fine-resolution Upper Weichselian and Holocene palynological record from Navarres (Valencia, Spain) and a discussion about factors of Mediterranean forest succession. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 106, 209-236
Carrion JS, van Geel B, Navarro C, Munuera M. 1999. Evidence of an unexpected abrupt event in eastern Spain challenges existing concepts of vegetation change. South African Journal of Science 95, 44-46
2000
Carrion JS, Navarro C, Navarro J, Munuera M. 2000. The interpretation of cluster pine (Pinus pinaster) in floristic-phytosociological classifications from a palaeoecological perspectiva. The Holocene 10, 243-252
Carrion JS, Parra I, Navarro C, Munuera M. 2000. The past distribution and ecology of the cork oak (Quercus suber) in the Iberian Peninsula: a pollen-analytical approach. Diversity and Distributions 6, 29-44
Carrion JS, Brink JS, Scott L, Binneman JNF. 2000. Palynology of Pleistocene hyena coprolites from Oyster Bay, southeastern Cape coast, South Africa: the palaeo-environment of an open-air Howieson's Poort occurrence. South African Journal of Science 96, 449-453
Carrion JS, Scott L, Huffman T, Dreyer C. 2000. Pollen analysis of Iron Age cow dung in southern Africa. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 9, 239-249
Carrion JS, Andrade A, Bennett KD, Munuera M, Navarro C. 2001. Crossing forest thresholds: inertia and collapse in a Holocene pollen sequence from south-central Spain. The Holocene 11, 635-653
2001
Carrion JS, Munuera M, Dupre M, Andrade A. 2001. Abrupt vegetation changes in the Segura Mountains of southern Spain during the Holocene. Journal of Ecology 89, 783-797
2002
Carrion JS, Riquelme JA, Navarro C, Munuera M. 2002. Pollen in hyaena coprolites reflects late glacial landscape in southern Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 176, 193- 205
Carrion JS. 2002. A taphonomic study of modern pollen assemblages from dung and surface sediments in arid environments of Spain. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 120, 217-232
Carrion JS. 2002. Patterns and processes of Late Quaternary environmental change in a montane region of southwestern Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 2047-2066
2003
Carrion JS, Sanchez-Gomez P, Mota J, Chain C. 2003. Fire and grazing are contingent on the Holocene vegetation dynamics of Sierra de Gador, southern Spain. The Holocene 13, 839-849
Carrion JS, Yll, EI, Walker MJ, Legaz A, Chain C, Lopez A. 2003. Glacial refugia of temperate, Mediterranean and Ibero-North African flora in southeastern Spain: new evidence from cave pollen at two Neanderthal man sites. Global Ecology and Biogeography 12, 119-129
Carrion JS. 2003. Sobresaltos en el bosque mediterraneo: Incidencia de las perturbaciones observables en una escala paleoecologica. Ecosistemas
2004
Carrion JS, Yll EI, Willis KJ, Sanchez-Gomez P. 2004. Holocene forest history of the eastern plateaux in the Segura Mountains (Murcia, southeastern Spain). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 132, 219-236
2005
Carrion JS, Gil-Romera G, Arribas A, Rodriguez E, Garcia-Anton M. 2005. Palynology of badger coprolites from Central Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 226, 259-271
2006
Carrion JS, Scott L, Marais E. 2006. Environmental implications of pollen spectra in bat droppings from south-eastern Spain and potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 140, 175-186
Finlayson C, Giles Pacheco F, Rodriguez-Vidal J, Fa D, Gutierrez JM, Santiago A, Finlayson G, Allue E, Baena J, Caceres I, Carrion JS, Fernandez Jalvo Y, Gleed Owen CP, Jimenez Espejo F, Lopez P, Lopez Saez JA, Riquelme JA, Sanchez Marco A, Giles Guzman F, Brown K, Fuentes N, Valarino C, Villalpando A, Stringer CB, Martinez Ruiz F, Sakamoto T. 2006. Late survival of Neanderthals at the southernmost extreme of Europe. Nature 443, 850-853
2007
Carrion JS, Scott L, Arribas A, Montoya E, Gil G. 2007. Pleistocene landscapes in central Iberia inferred from pollen analysis of hyena coprolitos. Journal of Quaternary Science 22, 191-202
Fernandez S, Carrion JS, Fuentes N, Gonzalez-Samperiz P, Montoya E, Gil Romera G, Vega Toscano LG, Riquelme JA. 2007. Palynology of Carihuela Cave, southern Spain: completing the record. Geobios 40: 75-90
Lopez de Heredia U, Carrion JS, Jimenez P, Collada C, Gil L. 2007. Molecular and palaeobotanical evidences of multiple glacial refugia for evergreen oaks in the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Biogeography 34, 1505-1517
Finlayson C, Carrion JS. 2007. Rapid ecological turnover and its impact on Neanderthal and other human populations. Trends in Ecology and Evolution (Review) 22, 213-222
Carrion JS, Fuentes N, Gonzalez Samperiz P, Sanchez Quirante L, Finlayson JC, Fernandez S, Andrade A. 2007. Holocene environmental change in a montane region of southern Europe with a long history of human settlement. Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 1455-1475
Carrion JS, Finlayson C, Finlayson G, Fernandez S, Allue E, Lopez-Saez A, Lopez-Garcia P, Fuentes N, Gil G, Gonzalez-Samperiz P. 2008. A coastal reservoir of biodiversity for Upper Pleistocene human populations. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 2118-2135.
2008
Carrion JS, Fernandez S, Gonzalez-Samperiz P, Leroy SAG, Lopez-Saez JA, Burjachs F, Gil-Romera G, Rodriguez-Sanchez E, Garcia-Anton M, Gil-Garcia MJ, Parra I, Santos L, Lopez-Garcia P, Yll EI, Dupre M. 2009. Sterility cases and causes in Quaternary pollen analysis in the Iberian Peninsula: the advantages of reporting bad luck. Internet Archaeology. http://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue25/5/toc.html
Lopez-Merino L, Lopez-Saez JA, Alba-Sanchez F, Perez-Diaz S, Carrion JS. 2009. 2000 years of pastoralism and fire shaping high-altitude vegetation of Sierra de Gredos in central Spain. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 158, 42-51
2009
Carrion JS, Fernandez S. 2009. Taxonomic depletions and ecological disruption of the Iberian flora over 65 million years. Journal of Biogeography 36, 2023-2024
Carrion JS, Fernandez S. 2009. The survival of the 'natural potential vegetation' concept (or the power of tradition). Journal of Biogeography 36, 2202-2203
Arribas A, Garrido G, Viseras C, Soria JM, Pla S, Solano JG, Garces M, Beamud E, Carrion JS. 2009. A mammalian Lost World in southwest Europe during the Late Pliocene. PLOS ONE 4 (9): e7127. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007127
2010
Carrion JS, Fernandez S, Jimenez-Moreno G, Fauquette S, Gil-Romera G, Gonzalez-Samperiz P, Finlayson C. 2010. The origin of the "Near West" dry lands. Journal of Arid Environments 74, 731-736
Gil-Romera G, Carrion JS, Pausas J, Fernandez S, Burjachs F. 2010. Holocene fire activity and vegetation response in South-Eastern Iberia. Quaternary Science Reviews 29, 1082-1092
Carrion JS, Leroy S. 2010. Iberian floras through time: land of diversity and survival. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 162: 227-230. Special issue: Carrion JS, Leroy S (Eds), Iberian Floras through Time: Land of Diversity and Survival.
Gonzalez-Samperiz P, Leroy S, Carrion JS, Garcia-Anton M, Gil-Garcia MJ, Figueiral I. 2010. Steppes, savannahs and botanic gardens during the Pleistocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 162: 427-457. Special issue: Carrion JS, Leroy S (Eds), Iberian Floras through Time: Land of Diversity and Survival
Carrion JS, Fernandez S, Gonzalez-Samperiz P, Gil-Romera G, Badal E, Carrion-Marco Y, Lopez-Merino L, Lopez-Saez JA, Fierro E, Burjachs F. 2010. Expected trends and surprises in the Lateglacial and Holocene vegetation history of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 162: 458-475. Special issue: Carrion JS, Leroy S (Eds), Iberian Floras through Time: Land of Diversity and Survival
Carrion JS. 2010. The concepts of potential natural vegetation and other abstractions (trying to pick up fish with wet hands). Journal of Biogeography 37: 2209-2215.
2011
Carrion JS, Rose J, Stringer C. 2011. Early human evolution in the western Palaearctic: ecological scenarios. Quaternary Science Reviews 30, 1281-1295.
Anderson S, Jimenez-Moreno G, Carrion JS, Perez-Martinez C. 2011. Postglacial history of alpine vegetation, fire, and climate from Laguna de Rio Seco, Sierra Nevada, southern Spain. Quaternary Science Reviews 13-14, 1615-1629
Finlayson C, Carrion JS, Brown K, Finlayson G, Sanchez-Marco A, Fa D, Rodriguez-Vidal J, Giles-Pacheco F, Fernandez S, Fierro E, Bernal-Gomez M. 2011. The Homo habitat niche: using the avian fossil record to depict ecological characteristics of Palaeolithic Eurasian hominins. Quaternary Science Reviews 30, 1525-1532.
Finlayson C, Monclova A, Carrion JS, Fa D, Finlayson G, Rodriguez-Vidal J, Fierro E, Fernandez S, Bernal-Gomez M, Giles-Pacheco, F. 2012. Ecological transitions- but for whom? A perspective from the Pleistocene. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 330, 1-9
2012
Cortes M, Jimenez-Espejo F, Simon Vallejo MD, Gibaja JF, Carvalho AF, Martinez Ruiz F, Rodrigo Gamiz M, Flores JA, Lopez JA, Pena Chocarro L, Carrion JS, Morales A, Rosello E, Riquelme JA, Dean RM, Salgueiro E, Martinez Sanchez RM, De la Rubia JJ, Lozano MC, Vera JL, Bicho NF. 2012. The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in southern Iberia. Quaternary Research 77, 221-234
Finlayson C, Brown K, Blasco R, Rosell J, Negro JJ, Bortolotti GR, Finlayson G, Sanchez-Marco A, Giles Pacheco F, Rodriguez-Vidal J, Carrion JS, Fa DA, Rodriguez-Llanes JM. 2012. Birds of a feather: Neanderthal exploitation of raptors and corvids. PLoS ONE 7 (9) e45927
Daura J, Sanz M, Garcia N, Allue E, Vaquero M, Fierro E, Carrion JS, Lopez-Garcia JM, Blain HA, Sanchez-Marco A, Valls C, Albert RM, Fornos JJ, Julia R, Fullola JM, Zilhao J. 2012. Terrases de la Riera dels Canyars (Barcelona, Spain): the landscape of Heinrich Stadial 4 north of the "Ebro Frontier" and implications for modern human dispersal into Iberia. Quaternary Science Reviews 60, 26-48
2013
Jimenez-Espejo F, Rodriguez Vidal J, Finlayson C, Martinez Ruiz F, Carrion JS, Cortes M, Rodrigo M, Gonzalez Donoso JM, Caceres LM, Fernandez S, Iijima K, Martinez Aguirre A. 2013. Environmental conditions and geomorphologic changes during the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic in the southern Iberian Peninsula. Geomorphology 181, 205-216
Blain H-A, Gleed-Owen CP, Lopez-Garcia JM, Carrion JS, Jennings R, Finlayson G, Finlayson C, Giles-Pacheco F. 2013. Climatic conditions for the last Neanderthals: herpetofaunal record of Gorham's Cave at Gibraltar. Journal of Human Evolution 64, 289-299
Rodriguez-Vidal J., Finlayson G, Finlayson CJ, Negro JJ, Fa D, Carrion JS. 2013. Undrowning a lost world. The Marine Isotope Stage 3 landscape of Gibraltar. Geomorphology 203, 105-114
Aranbarri J, Gonzalez-Samperiz P, Valero-Garces B, Moreno A, Gil-Romera G, Sevilla M, Garcia Prieto E, Di Rita F, Mata P, Morellon M, Magri D, Rodriguez Lazaro J, Carrion JS, 2014. Rapid climatic changes and resilient vegetation during the Lateglacial and Holocene in a continental region of south-western Europe. Global and Planetary Change 114, 50-65
2014
Navarro-Hervas F, Ros-Salas M, Rodriguez-Estrella T, Fierro E, Carrion JS, Garcia-Veigas J, Flores JA, Barcena MA, Garcia MS. 2014. Evaporite evidence of a mid-Holocene (c. 4550-4400 cal BP) aridity crisis in southwestern Europe and palaeoenvironmental consequences. The Holocene 24, 489-502
Gil-Romera G, Gonzalez-Samperiz P, Lasheras L, Sevilla M, Moreno A, Valero-Garces B, Lopez-Merino L, Carrion JS, Perez Sanz A, Aranbarri J, Garcia-Prieto E. 2014. Biomass-modulated fire dynamics during the last glacial-interglacial transition at the Central Pyrenees (Spain). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 402, 113-124
Rodriguez Vidal J, d'Errico F, Giles F, Blasco R, Rosell J, Jennings R, Queffelec A, Finlayson G, Fa D, Gutierrez JM, Carrion JS, Negro JJ, Finlayson S, Caceres LM, Bernal MA, Fernandez S, Finlayson C. 2014. A rock engraving made by Neanderthals in Gibraltar. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (PNAS) 111, 13301-13306
Tarroso P, Carrion JS, Dorado-Valino M, Queiroz P, Santos L, Valdeolmillos A, Celio P, Cheddadi R. 2014. Spatial climate dynamics in the Iberian Peninsula since 15000 yr BP. Climate Dynamics 10, 3901-3930
2015
Jimenez-Moreno G, Rodriguez-Ramirez A, Perez-Asensio N, Carrion JS, Lopez-Saez JA. 2015. Late Holocene aridification trend and climate variability in the Western Mediterranean Area. The Holocene 25, 607-627
Marais E, Scott L, Gil-Romera G, Carrion JS. 2015. The potential of palynology in fossil bat-dung in southern Africa: a historical perspective. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 70, 103-109
Monge G, Jimenez Espejo, Garcia Alix A, Martinez Ruiz F, Mattielli N, Finlayson C, Ohkouchi N, Cortes M, Bermudez de Castro JM, Blasco R, Rosell J, Carrion JS, Rodriguez Vidal J, Finlayson G, Carbonell E. 2015. Earliest evidence of pollution by heavy metals in archaeological sites. Scientific Reports 5, article number 14252
Carrion JS. 2015. El poder de movimiento y supervivencia de las plantas: un enfoque paleobotanico. MATADOR. Revista de Cultura, Ideas y Tendencias 1995-2022 (diciembre)
2016
Manzano S, Carrion JS, Lopez-Merino L, Gonzalez-Samperiz P, Munuera M, Fernandez S, Martin-Lerma I, Gomez Ferreras MC. 2016. Mountain strongholds for woody angiosperms during the Late Pleistocene in SE Iberia. Catena 701-712.
Ramos-Roman MJ, Jimenez-Moreno G, Anderson RS, Garcia-Alix A, Toney JL, Jimenez-Espejo FJ, Carrion JS. 2016. Centennial-scale vegetation and North Atlantic Oscillation changes during the Late Holocene in the western Mediterranean. Quaternary Science Reviews 143, 84-95
Munuera M, Carrion JS. 2016. Forensic palynology: checking value of pollen analysis as a tool to identify crime scene in semiarid environments. In: Kars H, van den Eijkel L (eds.), Soil in criminal and environmental forensics, Springer Nature, Amsterdam, p. 15-24
Tarroso P, Carrion JS, Dorado-Valino M, Queiroz P, Santos L, Valdeolmillos A, Celio P, Cheddadi R. 2016. Spatial climate dynamics in the Iberian Peninsula since 15000 yr BP. Climate of the Past 12, 1137-1149
Uzquiano P, Ruiz-Zapata MB, Gil Garcia MJ, Fernandez S, Carrion JS. 2016. Late Quaternary developments of Mediterranean oaks in the Atlantic domain of the Iberian Peninsula: the case of the Cantabrian region (N Spain). Quaternary Science Reviews 153, 63-77
2017
Morales C, Colombaroli D, Valbuena-Carabana M, Tinner W, Salomon R, Carrion JS, Gil L. 2017. Land-use history as a major driver for long-term forest dynamics in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (central Spain) during the last millennia: implications for forest conservation and management. Global and Planetary Change 152, 64-75
Daura J, Sanz M, Allue E, Vaquero M, Lopez-Garcia JM, Julia R, Ortiz E, Sanchez Marco A, Skinner AR, Domenech R, Martinell J, Arnold LJ, Carrion JS. 2017. Cova del Coll Verdaguer (Cervello, Barcelona): the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the MIS 3 based on a terrestrial archive and the implications for the last Neanderthals's landscape in the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Quaternary Science Reviews 177, 34-56
Carrion JS. 2017. Los Neandertales en el estuario de la evolucion humana. Contar la ciencia. Fundacion Seneca. http://fseneca.es/los-neandertales-en-el-estuario-de-la-evolucion-humana? utm_medium=email&utm_source=fsplus_newsletter& utm_campaign =N%C3%BAmero+5&utm_content=articulo_titulo
Books
Carrion JS, Navarro C, Munuera M, Saez F, Guerra J, Cano MJ. 1997. Manual descriptivo de cormofitos. Diego Marin Editor, Murcia
Munuera M, Carrion JS, Navarro C, Orts L, Espin A, Saez F, Garcia-Selles J. 2001. Polen y alergias. Guia de las plantas de polen alergogeno de la Region de Murcia y Espana. Diego Marin Editor, Murcia
Carrion JS. 2003. Evolucion Vegetal. Diego Marin Editor, Murcia
Carrion JS, Fernandez S, Fuentes N (Eds). 2006. Paleoambientes y Cambio Climatico. Quaderna. Fundacion Seneca, Agencia Regional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Murcia
Devesa JA, Carrion JS. Angiospermas. Apuntes sobre su origen, clasificacion y diversidad. 2012. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Servicio Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cordoba.
Carrion JS (coord.). Autores: Carrion JS, Fernandez S, Gonzalez-Samperiz P, Lopez-Merino L, Pena L, Burjachs F, Lopez-Saez JA, Garcia-Anton M, Carrion Marco Y, Uzquiano P, Postigo JM, Barron E, Allue E, Badal E, Dupre M, Fierro E, Munuera M, Rubiales JM, Garcia Amorena I, Jimenez Moreno G, Gil Romera G, Leroy S, Garcia-Martinez MS, Montoya E, Fletcher W, Yll E, Vieira M, Rodriguez-Ariza MO, Anderson S, Penalba C, Gil Garcia MJ, Perez Sanz, A, Albert RM, Diez MJ, Morales C, Gomez Manzaneque F, Parra I, Ruiz Zapata B, Riera S, Zapata L, Ejarque A, Vegas T, Rull V, Scott L, Andrade A, Perez Diaz S, Abel Schaad D, Moreno E, Hernandez-Mateo L, Sanchez Baena JJ, Riquelme JA, Iglesias R, Franco F, Chain C, Figueiral I, Grau E, Matos M, Jimenez Espejo F, Arribas A, Garrido G, Finlayson G, Finlayson C, Ruiz M, Perez Jorda G, Miras Y. 2012. Paleoflora y Paleovegetacion de la Peninsula Iberica e Islas Baleares: Plioceno-Cuaternario. Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Madrid. http://dl.dropbox.com/u/40635865/PALEOFLORA/INICIO.html
Carrion JS. 2015. Extinciones y excepciones: el poder de la rareza en evolucion. Servicio de Publicaciones, University of Murcia.
Carrion JS. 2016. Planeta Universidad. Editum, Especial Centenario Universidad de Murcia. .
Carrion JS. 2017. Hipocampo. Poemas. Lulu.Com.
Devesa JA, Carrion JS. Angiospermas. Apuntes sobre su origen, clasificacion y diversidad. 2017 (segunda edicion). Servicio Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cordoba.
Poetry
Author of the book Hipocampo (Poemas).
Dystonia
Jose S Carrion has been known in the neurological community for his success to deal with dystonia, a rare neurological disorder. He was treated through the Dr. Joaquin Farias technique.