kenhktsui/simple_wikipedia_LM_quality_score_v1 huggingface dataset:
Hanson (band)

Hanson is an American pop rock band from Tulsa, Oklahoma. The band was formed in 1992 by brothers Isaac, Taylor and Zac Hanson. They are best known for their 1997 number one single "MMMBop". The song was nominated for two Grammys at the 1998 Grammy Awards. They started their own record label 3CG Records in October 2003.
History
Hanson were at first called The Hanson Brothers. They performed for the first time in 1992 at the Mayfest Arts Festival in Tulsa. Hanson released their first album Boomerang in 1995. In 1997 Hanson released their third album Middle of Nowhere. It sold ten million copies. Five singles were released from it. "MMMBop" was the first single. The band was signed to Mercury Records in 1996.
Montfort-sur-Boulzane

Montfort-sur-Boulzane is a commune of 88 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Österåker Municipality

Osteraker Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Akersberga.
Manipur State Museum

The Manipur State Museum () is an institution displaying a collection of artistic, cultural, historical and scientific artefacts and relics in Imphal, Manipur. It has galleries housing materials of natural history, ethnology and archeology.
Overview
The Manipur State Museum () houses ornaments, textiles, agricultural equipments of Ancient Manipur, Medieval Manipur and Modern Manipur. The museum conveys an all encompassing picture of the history of the life of the Manipuri people.
History
The Manipur State Museum () was inaugurated by Indira Gandhi, the then prime minister of India on the 23rd of September, 1969. It has been expanded to a multipurpose museum. It has many sections and subsections. One prominent section is the ethnological gallery. This gallery was formally reopened by Ved Marwah, the then Governor of Manipur, on the 20th of January, 2001.
Collection
The most famous piece on display is a Hiyang Hiren, used by the royalties. It is 78 feet in length and is in an open gallery.
Other collection include coins, manuscripts, instruments, pottery, dresses, paintings and ornaments of Ancient Manipur, Medieval Manipur and Modern Manipur.
The Museum has a publication for more than 500 species of rare orchids out of which only 472 orchids have been identified so far. Several experts opined that no one come across anywhere in India with such variety of orchid species as in Manipur.
The royal Howdah (Shamu Taipot), presently on display in the Manipur State Museum, was personally used by Sir Churachand Singh KCSI (1891-1941 AD), CBE, the King of Manipur.
Exhibits
The Museum exhibits on mainly cultural themes and awareness programs. Some of the exhibits include tribal ornaments, Meitei ornaments, headgears, agricultural implements, domestic implements, hunting tools, smoking pipes and lighters, terracotta pottery, gold and silver utensils, polo saddlery, traditional water pipe, Meitei textiles, Meitei time measuring device, ancient gold mask, caskets, riderless horse statues, arms and armoury, basketry, tribal costumes, etc.
The time measuring implements like the "Tanyei Pung" and the "Tanyei Chei" testify the knowledge of the ancient Meiteis in Ancient Manipur civilization.
The costumes exhibited are important to study the social structure of Manipur.
The royal Howdah (Shamu Taipot) of Sir Churachand Singh KCSI (1891-1941 AD), CBE, the then King of Manipur, is also displayed in the Manipur State Museum.
The Manipur State Museum also organises workshops for traditional Manipuri sculptors-souvenir.
Aldein

Aldein () is a comune in South Tyrol in north Italy. It is about south of the city of Bolzano.
Aldein is next to the these municipalities: Bronzolo, Montan, Deutschnofen, Auer, Truden and Ville di Fiemme. It has the frazione Radein (Redagno).
Fortress of Solitude

The Fortress of Solitude is Superman's Kryptonian base. The first Fortress was a huge iceberg. A huge golden key that only Superman or Supergirl could lift was needed to open the door. Superman built it. The second Fortress was a huge crystalline building. It looked similar to a pile of crystals and icebergs. A green crystal built the second Fortress. The third version was similar to the second one, but was bigger and looked different in the inside. This version was created by the Crystal of Knowledge, a ring-like crystal.
An Enemy of the People (movie)

An Enemy of the People is a 1978 American drama movie directed by George Schaefer and is based on Arthur Miller's 1950 adaptation of Henrik Ibsen's 1882 play of the same name. It stars Steve McQueen, Charles Durning, Bibi Andersson, Eric Christmas, Michael Cristofer and was distributed by Warner Bros..
Tetsuya Asano

is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Asano was born in Hokota on February 23, 1967. After graduating from Hokota Daiichi High School, he joined Toyota Shukyu-Dan in 1985. In 1987, he moved Japan Soccer League club Toyota Motors (later Nagoya Grampus Eight) in 1987. In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and founded new league J1 League. In 1994, he moved to Urawa Reds on loan. In 1995, he returned and the club won 1995 and 1999 Emperor's Cup. Toward the end of his career, he played at FC Tokyo (2000) and Kawasaki Frontale (2001). He retired in 2001.
On June 2, 1991, Asano debuted for the Japan national team against Thailand. He played 8 games and scored 1 goal for Japan until 1994.
After retirement, Asano started coaching career at Shonan Bellmare in 2007. He moved to Avispa Fukuoka in 2010 and he became a manager as Yoshiyuki Shinoda successor in August 2011. However the club was relegated to J2 League and he resigned end of the season. In 2013, he signed with Nadeshiko League club Iga FC Kunoichi and managed until September 2014. In 2015, he signed with Japan Football League club Kagoshima United FC. In 2015 season, the club won 4th place and was promoted to J3 League. In 2017, he moved to J3 club AC Nagano Parceiro. He resigned in June 2018.
Zoe Konstantopoulou

Zoe Konstantopoulou (; born 8 December 1976) is a Greek lawyer and politician. She was President of the Hellenic Parliament in 2015. She was elected to the post on 6 February 2015 with the record number of 235 out of 300 votes. She is President of the political party Course of Freedom.
BoA

Kwon Bo-ah (born 5 November 1986 in Guri, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) is a South Korean singer. She is commonly known by her stage name BoA. She has been active in both South Korea and Japan. Aside from Korean, BoA also speaks Japanese and English and has released songs in those languages. She also released some Chinese songs, but she does not know Chinese. BoA succeeded not only in Korea, but in all of East Asia as well.
BoA was born and raised in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. She was discovered by SM Entertainment talent agents when she accompanied her older brother to a talent search. In 2000, after two years of training, she released ID; Peace B, her debut Korean album. Two years later, she released her debut Japanese album, Listen to My Heart.
On October 21, 2008, BoA debuted in the United States with the single "Eat You Up", and released her debut English-language album, BoA on March 17, 2009.
Celebration

Celebration may refer to:
Party, a social gathering or celebration
Festival, a community gathering to celebrate something in particular
The observance of a feast day or holiday
The celebration of the Eucharist
A Southeast Alaska Native cultural event
Celebration may also be:
In Music:
"Celebration" (Kool & the Gang song), a song by Kool & The Gang, notably covered by Kylie Minogue
"Celebration" (Voices With Soul song), the debut single from girl band, Voices With Soul
"Celebration", a song by Krokus from Hardware
"Celebration", a song by Hafdis Huld from "Dirty Paper Cup"
Celebration (Simple Minds album), a 1982 album by Simple Minds
Celebration (Julian Lloyd Webber album), a 2001 album by Julian Lloyd Webber
Celebration (Madonna album), a 2009 greatest hits album by Madonna
Celebration (Madonna song), same-titled single by Madonna
"Celebration", a piece by Paul McCartney from Standing Stone
Celebration (Uriah Heep album), a 2009 album by Uriah Heep
Celebration (band), a Baltimore-based band
Celebration (Celebration album), a 2006 album by Celebration
Celebration (musical), a 1969 avante-garde musical theater work by Harvey Schmidt and Tom Jones
Celebration, alternate title for the 1971 concert film Celebration at Big Sur
"Celebration Day", a 1970 song from the album Led Zeppelin III
"A Celebration", a 1982 single by U2
Celebration (Smokie album), an album by Smokie
Celebration (Tyga song), a 2012 song by Tyga featuring T-Pain
Celebration! The Fullerton College Jazz Festival 25th Anniversary, a 1997 album by the Fullerton College Jazz Bands and Jazz Singers
Other:
Celebration (play), by Harold Pinter
Celebration (painting), by Tyeb Mehta
Celebration, Florida, a community in the United States, originally developed by The Walt Disney Company.
Celebrations, a chocolate collection made by Mars, Inc.
Star Wars Celebration, an official Star Wars convention
Celebration (ship), a Holiday Class cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Lines
The Celebration, 1998 Danish film
The Celebration Theatre, a gay and lesbian theatre company in Los Angeles, CA
The term used in the Bop It game instructions to notify that the player has reached the maximum score.
Gipf-Oberfrick

Gipf-Oberfrick is a municipality of the district Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
Prattsville, Arkansas

Prattsville is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Upper Canada College

Upper Canada College (UCC) is a private lower grades and high school for boys in Toronto, Canada. Students between senior kindergarten and grade twelve study under the International Baccalaureate program.
Founded in 1829, UCC is the oldest independent school in the province of Ontario, and the third oldest in the country. It is described as a prestigious preparatory school in Canada, having many of Canada's prominent graduates. Modelled on the British public school system, throughout the first part of its history the college both influenced and was influenced by government. It has maintained a good reputation from its founding.
Today, UCC is fully independent and the students and faculty are more diverse in terms of cultural and economic backgrounds. A link to the Royal Family is maintained through Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who is the college's Official Visitor, and a member of the Board of Governors.
Kola Superdeep Borehole

The Kola Superdeep Borehole (, Kolskaya sverkhglubokaya skvazhina) was a very deep hole dug on the Kola Peninsula in Russia during 1970-1992 and closed by 2008. It was dug in order to learn more about the inside of the Earth. Digging started on May 24, 1970. The work continued until 1992, or 1994. The borehole was kept open until 2005. SG-3, the deepest part of the hole, reached below the surface in 1989. That is the deepest hole ever made and is still the deepest man-made point on Earth.
For a long time, SG-3 was also the longest hole by distance from its opening. In 2008, the Al Shaheen BD-04A oil well in Qatar reached + farther and, in 2011, the Odoptu OP-11 oil well off Sakhalin got + farther.
Making the hole
The hole was made with different machines at different times. The Soviets started making the hole with the Uralmash-4E. Later, they used the Uralmash-15000. At first, they wanted to get to below the surface. The machines broke the earlier record for the deepest hole on June 6, 1979. The prior record had been held by the Bertha Rogers hole in Washita County, Oklahoma, in the United States. The machines got to below the surface in 1983. Then the Soviet Union celebrated (took special note of) this for about a year without going any deeper. On September 27, 1984, the machine broke at a depth of ; its drill string twisted off and was left in the hole. When the Soviets started to make the hole again, they had to start from .
The greatest depth was reached in 1989. The people making the hole thought that they would get to by the end of 1990 and, at last, get to 15,000 m by 1993. They were not able to go any deeper, though, because they had made an error, and the end of the hole was in place of the they had hoped for. Their machines stopped making any holes at all in 1992. The last studies were stopped in 2005 and the place was completely closed and left alone in 2008.
What we learned
The Kola hole got about 1/3 of the way through the Baltic Shield, the part of the Earth's crust (its outer level of rock) below the Kola Peninsula. (People who study the Earth think it's about deep at the place where the hole was made.) The rocks at the bottom of the deepest hole were more than 2 1/2 billion years old.
The people who made the hole said they wanted to learn about the different levels of the Baltic Shield, how sound and heat move under the ground, or what kinds of rocks make up the deep crust, and to create new skills and tools for going deep into the Earth. One of the most important things they found was they had made an error about the kinds of rocks underground. When they looked at how sound waves moved through the Earth, they thought there should be a change from granite to basalt rocks at about below the surface. In fact, the sound waves had changed because the heat and pressure made the granite act differently. Also, this special kind of granite was broken into pieces and full of water. The water did not come from above but had been trapped in the deep crust by solid rock. Another important discovery was that the mud from the deep hole was "boiling" with hydrogen gas.
Glen Doherty

Glen Anthony Doherty (July 10, 1970 - September 11, 2012) was an American writer and security officer. He died in the 2012 U.S. diplomatic missions attacks in Benghazi, Libya.
Doherty was born in Winchester, Massachusetts, and studied at Winchester High School.
Mouen

Mouen is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany

Ferdinando II de' Medici (14 July 1610 - 23 May 1670) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1621 to 1670. He was the eldest child of Cosimo II de' Medici and Maria Maddalena of Austria. His 49-year rule saw the Medici Bank fail.
He married Vittoria della Rovere, with whom he had two children: Cosimo III de' Medici, his eventual successor, and Francesco Maria de' Medici, a Prince of the Church.
Children
Cosimo de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany (19 December 1639 - 21 December 1639) died in infancy.
Unnamed son (1640).
Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (14 August 1642 - 31 October 1723) married Marguerite Louise d'Orleans and had children.
Francesco Maria de' Medici (12 November 1660 - 3 February 1711) married Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga, no children.
Thnks fr th Mmrs

"Thnks fr th Mmrs" is a 2007 song by Fall Out Boy. It is the second single from Infinity on High, the band's fourth album. It was released on March 27, 2007 in the United States. The title is short for "Thanks for the Memories". It has been certified Gold by RIAA. It was used by Network Ten in Australia to promote the 2007 AFL Finals Series.
2007 songs
Fall Out Boy songs
Cedar Point

Cedar Point is an amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio, United States. It opened in 1870. It is the second-oldest operating amusement park in the United States.
List of American anime companies

Distributors
North America & other regions
Animation International
AnimEigo (U.S.)
Digital Media Rights (U.S.)
RetroCrush (U.S.)
Discotek Media (U.S.)
Disney (U.S.)
Hulu (U.S.; fully controlled and majority-owned by)
Eleven Arts (U.S., movies only)
Funimation (U.S.)
GKIDS (U.S., movies only)
Konami Cross Media NY (U.S.) (formerly known as 4Kids Productions and 4K Media Inc.; 4Kids Productions shut down in 2012 by 4Kids Entertainment, acquired by Konami and rebranded as 4K Media from 2012-2019).
Kenichi Fukui

Kenichi Fukui (October 4, 1918-January 9, 1998) was a Japanese chemist. He won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Early life
Fukui was the oldest of three sons of Ryokichi Fukui, who was a merchant. He was born in Nara, Japan.
He graduated from Kyoto Imperial University in 1941.
Career
Fukui worked at the Army Fuel Laboratory of Japan during World War II.{
In 1943, he was appointed a lecturer in fuel chemistry at Kyoto Imperial University.
He was professor of physical chemistry at Kyoto University from 1951 to 1982.
He was president of the Kyoto Institute of Technology between 1982 and 1988.
Kyle Busch

Kyle Thomas Busch (born May 2, 1985) is a NASCAR race car driver. Busch races in the Monster Energy Cup, Xfinity Series and the Camping World Truck Series. Kyle's brother, Kurt Busch also races in the Sprint Cup series.
Busch won his 100th NASCAR race on July 17, 2011. He is only the third driver in NASCAR history to do this. The other two drivers are Richard Petty with 200 wins, and David Pearson with 106 wins. With over 50 wins in the Nationwide series, Busch has more wins than any other driver in that series. At the end of the 2015 Sprint Cup Series, Kyle Busch won his first Sprint Cup Series Championship.
As of December 9th 2019 he is the WWE 24/7 Champion after pinning R-Truth.
Greenfield, New Hampshire

Greenfield is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States.
Radio Disney

Radio Disney was an American radio network based in Dallas, Texas, in the United States broadcasting music and other content targeted at children and young teenagers. It is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. They closed in 2021.
Stow Maries

Stow Maries is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 199 people living in Stow Maries.
Ferrette

Ferrette is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Sky1

Sky1 is a British television channel. It is the oldest satellite television channel in the world.
History
The channel was launched on 26 April 1982 in Norway and Finland as Satellite Television Ltd and was available to around 700,000 homes. The channel offered premium programming not avaliable to other free channels.
The channel was launched on 27 June 1983 in the United Kingdom and was later renamed Sky Channel on 16 January 1984.
The main airing times during the 1984 to 1989 era were 4:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. in the UK and 5:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. in the western region.
Sky1 was renamed again in 2008.
Cob

Cob or COB may mean:
Animals
Cob (horse), a small sturdy horse or large pony
Cob, an adult male swan
Cob, a gull
Cob, an old English word for a spider, sometimes still used for an orb-weaver spider
Parts of plants
Corncob, the inside of an ear of maize (corn) on which the kernels grow
Cob or cob nut, another name for a hazelnut
Materials and objects
Cob (material), a building material for making walls using compacted clay, sand and straw
Cob or cobbing board, a wooden instrument used for punishment: see Paddle (spanking)
Cob, Spanish gold and silver coins that were irregularly shaped and crudely struck: see Spanish dollar
Cob (bread), a crusty bread roll shaped like a squashed ball, commonly used in the English Midlands
Geographical objects
The Cob, a seawall in Porthmadog, Wales
The Cob, a seawall in Malltraeth, Anglesey, Wales
Kingsley Castle, also known as Castle Cob, a medieval motte in Kingsley, Cheshire, England
People
Cob Stenham (born 1932), English business executive
Acronyms
Bolivian Workers' Center, Central Obrera Boliviana in Spanish
Brazilian Olympic Committee, Comite Olimpico Brasileiro in Portuguese
Brazilian Workers Confederation, Confederacao Operaria Brasileira in Portuguese
Center of balance (disambiguation), multiple meanings
Central Obrera Boliviana, a federation of labor unions in Bolivia
Cercle Olympique de Bamako, a Malian football team
Chairman of the board
Chief of the Boat, the most senior enlisted crewperson on United States Navy submarines
Children of Bodom, a Finnish metal band
Chip on board, method of directly mounting semiconductors on printed circuit boards or substrates
Church of the Brethren, an American religious denomination of German origin
Church Office Building, headquarters of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Clerk, Clerk of the Board, of an organizational board or committee
Close of Business, the formal end of the day in financial markets or offices
College of The Bahamas, the national public institution of higher education
Company of Biologists, a UK charity that publishes scientific journals
Consistent Overhead Byte Stuffing, an algorithm
Continent-ocean boundary, the boundary between oceanic and continental crust on a passive margin
Contingency Operating Base, a US military term, a forward operating base
Continuity of Business, an acronym sometimes used in conjunction with Disaster Recovery
Corn, Oats and Barley, a grain mix fed to horses and other livestock: see equine nutrition
Creature Object, a simple programming language for the game Creatures (artificial life program)
Crew overboard, in boating: see Man overboard
Codes
cob, the ISO 639-3 code for the Chicomuceltec language of Mexico and Guatemala
COB, a country code for the Republic of the Congo that is no longer used
COB, the station code for Cooden Beach railway station, Bexhill-on-Sea, United Kingdom
2015 Chapel Hill shooting

The 2015 Chapel Hill shooting was an incident that happened on February 10, 2015 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Three Muslim college students were shot dead. Their neighbor Craig Stephen Hicks was arrested for it. Families of the victims called it a hate crime.
History
Police do not know why Hicks might have done it. Police in Chapel Hill say Hicks had argued with the victims over parking spaces before. Neighbors said Hicks was obsessed over people parking in his space. His Facebook page says he supports "Atheists for Equality" and blamed "radical Christians and radical Muslims" for causing problems in the world.
The FBI was called in to help the local police. They also started an investigation to see if any federal laws have been broken. Federal officials did not find any evidence it was a hate crime. On 12 June 2019, Hicks pleaded guilty to the shooting. He was sentenced to spend the rest of his life in prison. He was not convicted of any hate crime.
The Dark Tower (series)

The Dark Tower is a series of eight books by American writer Stephen King that tells the tale of lead character Roland Deschain's quest for the "Dark Tower."
Series of books
Books by Stephen King
Fantasy books
Banshee

In Celtic mythology, a Banshee is a female spirit, who usually announces that a person from the family will die soon. The word is from bean si, which literally means woman from the hills. An older spelling is bean sidhe. Bean sith, and bean-nighe are variants.
Villepot

Villepot is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

In February and March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic that started in late 2019, health authorities in Poland began laboratory testing of suspected cases of infection by SARS-CoV-2, one of the seven known human coronaviruses, as well as home quarantining and monitoring.
Cases
The first case of a laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland was that of a man hospitalized in Zielona Gora, with confirmation announced officially on 4 March 2020.
The local transmission phase of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland was declared to the World Health Organization on 10 March.
The first death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Poland was that of a 56-year-old woman on 12 March.
European help
Polish authorities did not take part in the 28 February 2020 European Union procedure for purchasing COVID-19 pandemic related medical equipment, in which 20 other member states participated. Poland applied on 6 March for the 17 March tender for the purchase of gloves, goggles, face shields, surgical masks and protective clothing.
Numbers
, there were 16,921 laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, 839 deaths, and 6131 recoveries.
Response
Lockdown-type control measures started on 10-12 March, closing schools and university classes and cancelling mass events, and were strengthened on 25 March. It limited non-family gatherings to two people and religious gatherings to six and did not allow any non-essential travel.
Deaths
Death counts initially only included deaths from lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Starting on 1 April 2020, deaths that were clinically diagnosed as COVID-19 were also considered as COVID-19 deaths. , people in Poland who died in quarantine from suspected COVID-19 were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 in their autopsy.
Lewis County

Lewis County can be any of the following counties in the United States:
Lewis County, Idaho
Lewis County, Kentucky
Lewis County, Missouri
Lewis County, New York
Lewis County, Tennessee
Lewis County, Washington
Lewis County, West Virginia
Kaskaskia

The Kaskaskia were one of the Native American tribes of the Northeastern Woodlands. They were one of about a dozen cognate tribes that made up the Illiniwek Confederation (also called the Illinois Confederation). They mostly lived in the Great Lakes region. Their first contact with Europeans happened in 1667 near present-day Green Bay, Wisconsin at a Jesuit mission station.
The descendants of the Kaskaskia, along with the Wea and Piankeshaw, are in the Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. That means they are a federally recognized tribe in Oklahoma.
Clement Bowman

Clement "Clem" Willis Bowman, C.M., PhD., P.Eng., HCIC, FCAE (January 7, 1930 - October 7, 2021) was a Canadian chemical engineer. He was the founding chairperson of the Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority. He was honored with the Order of Canada and the Global Energy Prize. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. From 2005 to 2015, he chaired the Energy Pathways Task Force for the Canadian Academy of Engineering.
Bowman died on October 7, 2021 in Sarnia, Ontario at the age of 91.
Mental gland

A mental gland is a part of the body of amphibians and reptiles. Mental glands make chemicals that animals use to talk to each other.
Place
There are two mental glands, one on each side of the head. They are behind the jawbone.
Function
Mental glands make chemicals that come out through the skin. These chemicals help the animal tell when another animal is the same or a different species from them. These chemicals also helps them choose mates.
Scientists have seen turtles bob their heads up and down when they see another turtle. Scientists believe bobbing the head up and down helps the chemicals from the mental glands go through the air to the other turtle. Scientists have seen salamanders move when they see another salamander. For example, they snap their jaws. Only salamanders that have mental glands do this, so scientists believe they also spread the chemicals through the air.
Origins and evolution
Not all reptiles and amphibians have mental glands. Some species in the same family have mental glands and others do not.
In 2021, one team of scientists found that most turtles that have mental glands live in the water. They wanted to know if different turtles got mental glands separately or if one ancestor turtle got mental glands. They found that mental glands happened just once in turtles, in the ancestor of the family Testudinoidea. Then some of the species that came from this ancestor kept their glands and some lost them. They believe that all turtles that have mental glands develop them from the same tissue.
Surface-to-air missile

A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a type of missile that is launched from ground or from a ship to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of Anti-aircraft warfare.
Arrondissement of Poitiers

The arrondissement of Poitiers is an arrondissement of France, in the Vienne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Poitiers.
History
When the Vienne department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Poitiers was part of that original department.
Geography
The arrondissement of Poitiers is in western Vienne and is bordered to the north and northeast by the arrondissement Chatellerault, to east and south by the arrondissement Montmorillon, and to the west by the Deux-Sevres department.
It has an area of . It has 246,038 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km2. It is the arrondissement of Vienne with more people living in it but is the one with the smallest area.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
Ronchères, Yonne

Roncheres is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
Sudbury, London

Sudbury is a suburb in the London Borough of Brent, in northwest London. Sudbury is formed of Wembley (western part) and is centred around 0.6 miles (1 km) west of Wembley Central railway station.
Nandalar River

The Nandalar River is a river flowing between Tiruvarur district and Nagappattinam district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It act as a border line for Thiruvarur and Nagappattinam Districts. Nandalar is a branch of River Cauvery. Nandalar river split from Cauvery near Kumbakonam.It drained in Bay of Bengal between Chandrapadi and Tharangambadi.
Wojciech Krzemiński

Wojciech Krzeminski (20 May 1933-5 August 2017) was a Polish astronomer and a retired professor of Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center of Polish Academy of Sciences. He worked many years for the Carnegie Institution for Science Observatories. Krzeminski also discovered the optical companion of X-ray pulsar Centaurus X-3, which was named Krzeminski's Star in his honor.
He was also one of the first astronomers who correctly interpreted the nature of polar stars like AM Herculis.
Krzeminski died on 5 August 2017 in Warsaw at the age of 84.
British Rail 11104

British Railways' 11104 locomotive was built by F. C. Hibberd & Co Ltd and introduced by British Railways in 1959.
Nehebkau

In Egyptian mythology, Nehebkau (also spelled Nehebu-Kau, and Neheb Ka) guarded the entrance to Duat, the Egyptian underworld. He was made up of Ka and Ba, the two parts of the soul. He is pictured as a snake with two heads. Atum was said to have to keep his finger on Nehebkau to keep him from being out of control. Since he was a snake, he was believed to heal those bitten by snakes and/or scorpions.
Mark Carney

Mark Joseph Carney (born March 16, 1965) is a Canadian-born British-Irish economist and banker. He was the Governor of the Bank of England from 2013 until 2020 and was Chairman of the Financial Stability Board from 2011 to 2018.
Basic reproduction number

A very important number for describing whether a disease can become an epidemic or not is R0, pronounced "R naught" or "R zero". It refers to how many people a person who has this disease is expected to infect on average if there are no people immune to the disease. It is an abbreviation for basic reproduction number.
If R0 > 1, a disease can become an epidemic. If R0 < 1, it cannot. Most commonly known diseases have R0 > 1. However, vaccines can be used to make enough people immune in a population to stop epidemics from happening. We can also use other measures to make the effective reproduction rate (Re, usually written Rt with t for time) lower than the basic reproduction rate (R0).
An example of a vaccine that works really well is the smallpox vaccine, which stopped smallpox virus from spreading so well that it no longer exists except in laboratories. Examples of making the effective reproduction rate lower than the basic reproduction rate are using condoms to stop sexually transmitted diseases from spreading or not getting close to others (physical distancing, often called social distancing) to stop respiratory diseases from spreading.
Love and Death

Love and Death is a 1975 American comedy movie directed by Woody Allen (who also starred) and starring Diane Keaton, James Tolkan, Harold Gould, Zvee Scooler, Aubrey Morris, Jessica Harper. It was distributed by United Artists.
Wythe County, Virginia

Wythe County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 28,290 people lived there. Its county seat is Wytheville.
Viken (county)

Viken is a county in Norway. It was created on 1 January 2020 from the former counties of Akershus, Buskerud and Ostfold.
Autevielle-Saint-Martin-Bideren

Autevielle-Saint-Martin-Bideren is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Rochester Cathedral

Rochester Cathedral is a Norman church in Rochester, Kent, and the cathedral of the Anglican diocese of Rochester. It was originally founded in 604 AD, and rebuilt by the Normans. The present church was consecrated in 1130. It became a place of pilgrimage after William of Perth was murdered nearby in 1201.
Socialist Workers Party (United States)

The Socialist Workers Party (SWP) is known as a communist party in the United States. It started as a group in the Communist Party USA that supported Leon Trotsky against Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. They are known as "solidarity work" and support strikes and is strongly supportive of Cuba.
The SWP publishes The Militant, a weekly newspaper that dates back to 1928. It also maintains Pathfinder Press.
1986 State of the Union Address

The 1986 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 99th United States Congress on February 4, 1986. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term.
Reagan was the only president to have postponed his State of the Union Address. On January 28, 1986, he planned to give his address, but after learning of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, he postponed it for a week and addressed the nation on the day's events. This was the only time that the State of the Union address had to be postponed because of an event.
The speech lasted for about 31 minutes and had 3,514 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television.
This Is What You Came For

"This Is What You Came For" is a song written and produced by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris. It features Rihanna. The song was released on May 1, 2016, via digital outlets. The song has reached number one in Canada and Australia, number two in the United Kingdom, and the top five in the United States. In the U.S., "This Is What You Came For" entered the Billboard Hot 100 chart at number nine. It later reached number three there and was certified triple-Platinum by the RIAA. The song is Rihanna's 28th top-ten song in the U.S. The song reached number 17 on the year-end Hot 100 of 2016 in the US.
Harris' ex-girlfriend, American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, co-wrote the song under the name Nils Sjoberg. BMI, which publishes a list of songwriting credits, changed the name to Swift's real name.
Music video
The music video for the song was released at midnight (Eastern daylight time) on June 17, 2016. It shows Rihanna wearing a black ponytail and a large gray sweater. She dances inside of a white cube with changing backgrounds. The scenes of fields are similar to those that are in the music video for "We Found Love", which is also a collaboration between Rihanna and Harris. Some critics viewed the changing colors and cube background to be similar to the music video for Canadian rapper Drake's 2015 single "Hotline Bling".
The music video won the award for Best Male Video at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards on August 28, 2016.
World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association

The World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA) is the governing body of professional snooker and English billiards. It owns and sets the official rules of the two sports and engages in promotional activities on behalf of the sports. It was founded in 1968 and based in Bristol, the United Kingdom,
The WPBSA is the governing body for cue sports, specifically that of snooker, pool, and billiards.
The WPBSA has a number of associated organisations, including World Snooker, World Billiards, World Women's Snooker and World Disability Billiards and Snooker.
The WPBSA head office is based in Bristol, England. Jason Ferguson is WPBSA chairman. The organisation also determines the rules and regulations of snooker and English billiards, including disciplinary matters.
Nitrile

A nitrile is a chemical compound with a -C=N functional group. It smells like a fruit, and can be a type of poison.
Alex Hawkins

Clifton Alexander "Alex" Hawkins (July 2, 1937 - September 12, 2017) was a retired American football player. He played professionally as a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Baltimore Colts and Atlanta Falcons. He was known as a special teams player. He was a co-captain with the Colts. He was born in Welch, West Virginia.
Hawkins died of complications from Alzheimer's disease on September 12, 2017 in Columbia, South Carolina at the age of 80.
Rain (The Beatles song)

"Rain" is a 1966 song by The Beatles. It is the B-side to Paperback Writer. It was recorded during the sessions of their seventh studio album Revolver although neither track appeared on the album. It went to number 12 in Belgium and number 23 in the United States.
Pratt, Kansas

Pratt is a city in Pratt County, Kansas, United States. It is the county seat of Pratt County. In 2010, 6,835 people lived there. Pratt has the Pratt Community College.
History
19th century
Pratt was created in 1884. It was named after Caleb S. Pratt. He was a young Civil War officer from the Kansas Infantry. He was killed in the Battle of Wilson's Creek near Springfield, Missouri. The first post office in Pratt was created in June 1884.
In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a railroad from Herington to Pratt.
Geography
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water. Pratt is about eighty miles west of Wichita.
Climate
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 6,835 people, 2,837 households, and 1,713 families living in Pratt.
Media
Newspaper
Pratt has the Pratt Tribune.
Education
Public schools
Pratt is served by Unified School District 382 and Unified School District 438.
Pratt High School (grades 9-12)
Skyline High School (grades K-12)
Liberty Middle School (grades 5-8)
Southwest Elementary School (grades PreK-4)
Haskins Elementary School & Bridges to Learning (grades K-4)
Colleges
Pratt Community College.
Transportation
There are daily buses. They go east towards Wichita, Kansas and west towards Pueblo, Colorado. The buses are by BeeLine Express (subcontractor of Greyhound Lines).
Iapetus Ocean

The Iapetus Ocean existed in the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic eras (between 600 and 400 million years ago). The ocean was in the southern hemisphere, between three paleocontinents. The ocean disappeared when these three continents joined to form one big landmass. That large continent has been given various names, such as Laurussia or the Old Red Sandstone continent. Probably the best name is Euramerica, because basically it was American and Europe stuck together.
The Iapetus Ocean was between continental masses that would at a much later time roughly form the opposite shores of the Atlantic Ocean. It was a kind of precursor of the Atlantic.
At the start of the 19th century, American paleontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott noticed differences in early Paleozoic benthic trilobites either side of the line which later was called the Iapetus Suture.
The so called "Pacific fauna" of Laurentia, as found in Scotland and western Newfoundland, was quite different from those of Baltica, often called the "Atlantic fauna". The latter is found in the southern parts of the British Isles and eastern Newfoundland. Geologists of the early 20th century thought a large trough, a so-called geosyncline, had existed between Scotland and England in the early Paleozoic, keeping both sides separated.
With the development of plate tectonics in the 1960s geologists concluded the Atlantic Ocean must have had a precursor before the time of Pangaea. That ocean had closed as three continents joined, producing the Iapetus Suture.
Line of the suture
The Iapetus suture runs where the Iapetus Ocean was before.
In Great Britain the suture runs pretty much along the border between England and Scotland. On the east it runs through Lindisfarne, on the west through the Solway Firth.
On the Isle of Man it is the Niarbyl Fault, which is an exposed section of the suture.
On Ireland the suture runs from the east coast at Clogherhead in County Louth to the estuary of the River Shannon on the west.
In Canada, it runs through Newfoundland and New Brunswick.
In the United States the suture runs through the north-eastern states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Connecticut.
There are other suture lines caused by the collision of continents in the run-up to Pangaea, but the Iapetus is the main one.
Jerry Kindall

Gerald Donald Kindall (May 27, 1935 - December 24, 2017) was an American professional baseball player. He was born in St. Paul, Minnesota. Kindall played second base in the major leagues from 1956 to 1965 for the Chicago Cubs, Cleveland Indians and Minnesota Twins. He was the former baseball coach of the NCAA's Arizona Wildcats.
Kindall died on December 24, 2017 of a stroke in Tucson, Arizona at the age of 82.
Crawfordville

Crawfordville may refer to two United States locations:
Crawfordville, Florida
Crawfordville, Georgia
I Lost on Jeopardy

"I Lost on Jeopardy" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Jeopardy" by the Greg Kihn Band. It was about the singer's experience losing on the game show Jeopardy!. It was released for the album Weird Al" Yankovic in 3-D. The music video featured Yankovic, original Jeopardy! host Art Fleming and announcer Don Pardo. It also featured "Jeopardy" artist Kihn and Yankovic's mentor Dr. Demento.
"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
1984 songs
Jeopardy!
Pashtunistan

Pashtunistan (, Paxtunistan or Pukhtunistan, meaning the "land of Pashtuns") means the region where the indigenous Pashtun people of modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan lived.
Maka Bochorishvili

Maka Bochorishvili (born 15 August 1978) is a Georgian diplomat and politician, Member of Georgian Dream. She is a Member of Parliament of Georgia since 2020.
We Came to Kill

We Came to Kill is the second album of German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.
Zohra Sehgal

Zohra Begum Mumtaz-ullah Khan (Sahibzadi Zohra Begum Mumtaz-ullah Khan; 27 April 1912 - 10 July 2014), was better known by her stage name Zohra Sehgal. She was an Indian actress and choreographer. Sehgal started her career as dancer with Uday Shankar in 1935. She also worked with him for the next eight years.
She has been in many Bollywood movies as a character actor. She has also been in English language movies and television shows. She has appeared in Bhaji on the Beach (1992), The Mystic Masseur (2001), Bend It Like Beckham (2002), Dil Se.. (1998) and Cheeni Kum (2007), The Jewel in the Crown (1984), Tandoori Nights (1985-87), Amma and Family (1996). She retired in 2007.
Sehgal was born in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh in 1912. She grew up in an aristocratic Muslim family. She received the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honor, in 2010. She described herself as an agnostic, having been an atheist in her youth.
Sehgal died in a hospital in New Delhi from cardiac arrest caused by pneumonia on 10 July 2014 at the age of 102.
New Hampshire House of Representatives

The New Hampshire House of Representatives is the lower house in the New Hampshire General Court. It has 400 members from 204 legislative districts from all over the state. These were made from divisions of the state's counties. On average, each legislator represents about 3,300 residents. That is the largest lower house representative-to-population ratio in the country.
New Hampshire has the biggest lower house of any U.S. state. The second-biggest, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, has 203 members. The House is the fourth-biggest lower house in the English-speaking world (the first three are the 435-member United States House of Representatives, 543-member Lok Sabha of India, and 650-member House of Commons of the United Kingdom).
Districts have different seat amounts based on their populations. In districts that elect more than one member, voters are allowed to vote for as many people as there are seats to be filled. This system of plurality block voting often ends in one party winning all of the seats in the district.
The House of Representatives has been in Representatives Hall of the New Hampshire State House since 1819. Representatives Hall is the oldest chamber in the United States still being used by a government.
Music Box (Mariah Carey album)

Music Box is the third album by American singer Mariah Carey. It was released on August 31, 1993.
Fallon County, Montana

Fallon County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 2,890 people. Its county seat is Baker.
Melissa Francis

Melissa Ann Francis (born December 12, 1972) is an American television news personality.
Works
Francis has been as an anchor and commentator for the Fox Business Network and Fox News. She used to work as an actress.
Russian Census (2021)

The Russian Census of 2021 () was the first census of the population of Russia since 2010 and the third after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It mainly took place from October 15 and November 14.
The census was originally going to take place in 2020. But this date was changed because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results
Results of the census have been published by Rosstat with more results announced for June-December 2022.
Scheduled release dates for final census results
On May 30, 2022, Rosstat published the following schedule for the release of the final results of the population census:
June 2022: population by country and by all municipalities in each region
August 2022: will begin publication of data in the form of tables and graphs on the Rosstat website
September 2022: gender, age, education, ethnicity and language proficiency
October 2022: population migration, information about indigenous peoples
November 2022: birth rate, household composition.
December 2022: housing conditions, labor force characteristics.
Emerald-eyed tree frog

The emerald-eyed tree frog or Fuente's Powakka tree frog (Boana xerophylla) is a frog that lives in Brazil, the Guianas, and Venezuela. Scientists have seen it as high as 2400 meters above sea level.
The Barbarian and the Geisha

The Barbarian and the Geisha is a 1958 American biographical drama movie directed by John Huston and starring John Wayne, Eiko Ando, Sam Jaffe, So Yamamura, Fuyukichi Maki. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
James Laxer

James Robert Laxer (22 December 1941 - 23 February 2018), also known as Jim Laxer, was Canadian political economist and professor at York University. He was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
In 1971, Laxer ran for the leadership of the federal NDP. He won one-third of the vote against party stalwart David Lewis.
In 1981, he was hired as director of research for the federal NDP. He left in controversy in 1983. This is when he published a report critiquing the party's economic policies as being "out of date".
Laxer died on 23 February 2018 in Paris, France of a suspected heart attack at the age of 76.
Antoaneta Stefanova

Antoaneta Stefanova (; born 19 April 1979) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster and Women's World Champion from 2004 to 2006. She has been a representative for Bulgaria in the Chess Olympiad in 2000 and the Women's Chess Olympiad since 1992.