kcherry497/dyno-blast-4b-rag huggingface dataset:
DigiShot® Plus 4G Electronic Initiation System (Brochure), page 4 of 6

Optional - Blast App
The CE4 Commander The optional BlastApp can be installed on
This is a multi-purpose device a commercial off the shelf Tablet to run on
that can be used as a Bench either Android or Windows based operating
Commander, Repeater or Base system. This enable users to communicate
Commander, and it controls the wirelessly with the Commander via a Tablet
entire blast. instead of a Tagger. • Limits user interface through automatic • The Tablet becomes the user interface during blast
 detonator detection, testing and fast execution with bigger & more readable information. programming. • The Tablet enables a full color graphic interface. • Wirelessly controlled by the CE4 Tagger or via the • Download and view the full detonator list. BlastApp on a Tablet device. • User can design a simple blast design that features
• It has four channels that can connect up to helicopter view and blast simulation. 400 detonators, giving a total capacity of 1600
 detonators per Commander. • Consolidate planned versus actual tagged list during
 fault-finding. • Up to 10 Commanders can be deployed for a
 single blast using long distance RF communication,
 resulting in 16000 detonators per blast.
DigiShot® Plus.4G Electronic Initiation System — SDS (SDS), page 6 of 8

PRODUCT NAME ELECTRONIC DETONATORS

LAND TRANSPORT (ADG) SEA TRANSPORT (IMDG / IMO) AIR TRANSPORT (IATA / ICAO)

14.1 UN Number 0512 0512 0512
14.2 Proper DETONATORS, ELECTRONIC DETONATORS, ELECTRONIC DETONATORS, ELECTRONIC
Shipping Name programmable for blasting programmable for blasting programmable for blasting

14.3 Transport 1.4B 1.4B 1.4B
hazard class
14.4 Packing Group None allocated. None allocated. None allocated.
14.5 Environmental hazards
Not a Marine Pollutant.
14.6 Special precautions for user
 Hazchem code 1YE
 EmS F-B, S-X

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture
Poison schedule A poison schedule number has not been allocated to this product using the criteria in the Standard for the
 Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP).
Classifications Safe Work Australia criteria is based on the Globally Harmonised System (GHS) of Classification and
 Labelling of Chemicals (GHS Revision 7).
Inventory listings AUSTRALIA: AIIC (Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals)
 Some components are listed on AIIC, or are exempt.
TROJAN® NB UNIVERSAL — Tech Info (Tech Info), page 1 of 2

TROJAN® NB Universal
 ®

Technical
Cast Booster Information

Properties
 Density (g/cc) Avg 1.60
 Velocity (km/sec) 7
 Detonation Pressure (kbars) 200
 Water Resistance (with no loss of sensitivity) 6 months
 Shelf Life Maximum (from date of production) 5 years
 Maximum Water Depth (m) 90
 o
Description Maximum Usage Temperatures ( C) 70
TROJAN® NB Universal cast booster is a detonator and detonating cord sensitive, All Dyno Nobel energy values are calculated using a proprietary Dyno Nobel
high density, high energy, molecular explosive. The NB Universal cast booster is thermodynamic code – Prodet. Other programs may give different values.
especially designed to optimise initiation of all cast booster sensitive and/or
detonator sensitive explosives. Each NB Universal cast booster is manufactured
 Hazardous Shipping Description
with two internal through-tunnels and a detonator well for easy use with either
detonating cord or commercial detonators. The bright yellow container enhances Boosters, 1.1D, UN 0042
visibility on the bench and minimises misplaced charges.
Z POWDER (Tech Info), page 1 of 2

ons are very detailed and all users should become
 fully familiar with their content. Detonation Pressurec (Kbars) 86
 • Minimum detonator for permissible application is a bronze shell No. 8 strength. Gas Volume (moles/kg)
 a
 33
 Water Resistance Excellent • Dynamites are susceptible to sympathetic detonation when applied in very
 wet conditions where boreholes are closely spaced and/or where geological
 Fume Class MSHA Permissible
 conditions promote this effect. Consult your Dyno Nobel representative for
 recommendations where these conditions exist. a
 All Dyno Nobel Inc. energy and gas volume values are calculated using PRODET the
 computer code developed by Dyno Nobel Inc. for its exclusive use. Other computer codes
 may give different values. b
 ANFO = 1.00 @ 0.82 g/cc
 c
 Unconfined @ 32 mm (1 1/4 in) diameter

Hazardous Shipping Description
 Explosive, Blasting, Type A, 1.1D, UN 0081 II

Product Disclaimer: Please see reverse side.
Delay Pattern Guide 2025.pdf (Guide), page 26 of 38

FREE FACE

ST
 26

AR
 T
 396 354 295 236 177 118 59 0

42

17
 17

17
 17

17

17

17
 421 379 337 278 219 160 101 42

42

17
 17

17
 17

17

17

17
 446 404 362 320 261 202 143 84

42

17
 17

17

FREE FACE
 17

17

17

17
 471 429 387 345 303 244 185 126

42

17
 17

17
 17

17

17

17
 496 454 412 370 328 286 227 168

42
 17
 17

17
 17

17

17

17
 521 479 437 395 353 311 269 210

42
 17
 17

17
 17

17

17

17
 42 42 42 42 42 42 42
 546 504 462 420 378 336 294 252

1
 6440 S Millrock Dr, STE 150
 Salt Lake City, UT 84121
 000 Sequential Time NONEL® EZTL® Delay Time (ms) Movement Direction
 00
Delay Pattern Guide 2025.pdf (Guide), page 22 of 38

00 NONEL® EZTL® Delay Time (ms)
 Salt Lake City, UT 84121
 Telephone: +1 800 473 2675 000 Sequential Time Movement Direction
 dynonobel.com
 18
DYNO NOBEL INC. and its subsidiaries and affiliates disclaim
any warranties with respect to their products and the information APPLICATIONS SURFACE DELAYS NOTES
presented herein, the safety or suitability thereof, or the results to
be obtained, whether express or implied, INCLUDING WITHOUT Coal 17 ms, 25 ms, and 42 ms This delay pattern has
LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY
OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND/OR ANY OTHER the potential of cutting
WARRANTY. Buyers and users assume all risk, responsibility and
liability whatsoever from any and all injuries (including death), losses, LIMITATIONS IN-HOLE DELAYS off unfired blastholes.
or damages to persons or property arising from their use of the
 Same delay period in each hole. Suggested in- Use where limited
products. Under no circumstances shall DYNO NOBEL INC. or any
of its subsidiaries or affiliates be liable for special, consequential or
 Infinite in depth, 5 holes long movement is desired.
incidental damages or for anticipated loss of profits. hole delay: 500 ms
Delay Pattern Guide 2025.pdf (Guide), page 24 of 38

FREE FACE
 24

ST
 AR
 T
 17 17 17 42 17 17 17 17
 93 76 59 42 0 17 34 51 68

42

42
 42

42

42

42

42
 17 17
 152 135 118 101 84 76 93 110 127
 42

42
 42

42

42

42

42
 17 17
 211 194 177 160 143 135 152 169 186
 42

42
 42

42

42

42

42
 17 17
 270 253 236 219 202 194 211 228 245
 42

42
 42

42

42

42

42
 17 17
 329 312 295 278 261 253 270 287 304
 42

42
 42

42

42

42

42
 17 17
 388 371 354 337 320 312 329 346 363

1
 6440 S Millrock Dr, STE 150
 Salt Lake City, UT 84121
 000 Sequential Time NONEL® EZTL® Delay Time (ms) Movement Direction
 00
Highwall stability improvement through less blast vibration and displacement (Case Study), page 1 of 2

CASE STUDY

HIGHWALL STABILITY IMPROVEMENT THROUGH
LESS BLAST VIBRATION AND DISPLACEMENT
 After shooting a signature hole, delay times were chosen
 BACKGROUND to minimize vibration and particle displacement. A blast
 was divided into two sections. A seismograph was set
HIGHWALL DETERIORATION LEADS TO up 523 feet behind each shot. The first section was
POTENTIAL HAZARDS shot with delay times derived from DYNO 42 software
 analysis with a priority of reducing overall vibration and
At this Western U.S. surface coal mine, cast blasting is displacement while still maintaining nominal cast results.
done in all dragline pits. Bench heights are from 150 feet The other section was shot using progressive timing that
to 200 feet. The geology consists of clay, shale, sand, coal was chosen by a competitor for maximizing cast with no
rider seams, and occasional rock lenses. Water conditions regard to resultant vibration effects near field or far field.
vary from dry to severe.

Due to the above mentioned conditions coupled with
sleep time from start of loading to blast time, highwall
deterioration may occur. This poses a hazard to those
working under the wall during the coal drilling, blasting,
and removal. Damage to the highwall from blasting is
often cited as a contributing factor to highwall instability.
Improved digability, reduced vibration in Truck Shovel operation (Case Study), page 2 of 2

Disclaimer This case study is provided for informational purposes only. No representation or warranty is made or intended by DYNO NOBEL INC. /
 DYNO NOBEL ASIA PACIFIC PTY LIMITED or its affiliates as to the applicability of any procedures to any particular situation or circumstance or as to
 the completeness or accuracy of any information contained herein. User assumes sole responsibility for all results and consequences.
DigiShot® is a registered trademark of DetNet South Africa (Pty) Ltd
 ©2016 Dyno Nobel
Powermite® Max (EEG Guide), page 1 of 1

Powermite® Max is a detonator sensitive emulsion explosive, packaged in plastic film cartridges.  Formulated as a high energy explosive for use in hard rock blasting conditions and may be used as a primer of ANFO, Heavy ANFO and ANFO PS in small diameter blast holes.

SDS

Technical Information
DEF (DIESEL EXHAUST FLUID) (Tech Info), page 1 of 2

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET
DIESEL EXHAUST FLUID (DEF) UREA SOLUTION
AQUEOUS NOx Solution 32.5%, 40% & 50%

SDS
 Properties #1135

Characteristics Units ISO-22241 ISO-18611-1 ISO-22241
 32.5% DEF Limits 40% DEF Limits 50% DEF Limits
 min. max. min. max. min. max
 Urea Content % 31.8 33.2 39 41 49 50.2
 Alkalinity (as NH3) % by weight - 0.2 - 0.5 - 0.31
 Biuret % by weight maximum - 0.3 - 0.8 - 0.46
 Insoluble matter mg/kg - 20 - 50 - 30.8
 Aldehydes mg/kg - 5 - 100 - 7.7
 Phosphate mg/kg - 0.5 - 1 - 0.77
 Aluminum mg/kg - 0.5 - - - 0.77
 Calcium mg/kg - 0.5 - 1 - 0.77
 Iron mg/kg - 0.5 - 1 - 0.77
 Copper mg/kg - 0.2 - - - 0.31
 Zinc mg/kg - 0.2 - - - 0.31
 Chromium mg/kg - 0.2 - - - 0.31
 Nickel mg/kg - 0.2 - - - 0.31
 Magnesium mg/kg - 0.5 - 1 - 0.77
 Sodium mg/kg - 0.5 - 1 - 0.77
 Potassium mg/kg - 0.5 - 1 - 0.77
 Density at 68F lbs/gal 9.07 9.12 9.22 9.82 N/A* N/A*
 Refractive Index at 68F 1.3814 1.3843 1.3947 1.3982 N/A* N/A*
 Salt-Out Temperature °F (°C) 12(-11) 32(0) 64(18)
 Recommended Storage Tempurature °F (°C) 40 (4.5) 80 (26.6) 40 (4.5) 80 (26.6) 40 (4.5) 80 (26.6)
TROJAN® GEOPRIME® (SDS), page 12 of 14

None of the ingredients are listed. Canada
 Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL)
 All ingredients are listed. Canadian Ingredient Disclosure list (limit 0.1%)
 None of the ingredients are listed. Canadian Ingredient Disclosure list (limit 1%)
 118-96-7 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)
 7429-90-5 aluminium powder (pyrophoric)
 Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations
 This product has been classified in accordance with hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations and the
 SDS contains all the information required by the Controlled Products Regulations. Substances of very high concern (SVHC) according to REACH, Article 57
 None of the ingredients are listed. 15.2 Chemical safety assessment: A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.

SECTION 16 – OTHER INFORMATION
Revision Date : 05/01/2025
Other Information : This document has been prepared in accordance with the SDS requirements of the
 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200.
Relevant Phrases
  H200 Unstable explosives.
  H201 Explosive; mass explosion hazard.

SDS# 1145 Date: 05/01/2025 Page 12 of 11
FIRELINE 13/60 HMX LS Exposed (Tech Info), page 2 of 2

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET
FIRELINE®
13/60 HMX LS EXPOSED
Oil Field Detonating Cord
 Packaging
Transportation, Storage and Handling
 Explosive Length/
• For maximum shelf-life, detonating cord must be stored in cool, dry, well-ventilated Gross Weight Net Weight Spools/
 Package Weight Spool*
 magazines. Explosives inventory should be rotated. Use older inventory ﬁrst. Case
 Recommended shelf life, under proper storage conditions, is ﬁve (5) years from kg lbs kg lbs kg lbs m ft
 date of manufacture. Fiberboard box 5.7 12.5 5.0 10.1 2.6 5.7 1 152 500
• FIRELINE detonating cords must be transported, stored, handled and used in
 Airpack Box 18.7 41.2 5.0 10.1 2.6 5.7 1 152 500
 conformity with all federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations. • Weights represent nominal values. Application Recommendations • All Weights are approximate. * +2%; 152m spools may contain as many as 3 pieces, totally 152 m, with a
• This product is recommended for exposure to well bore ﬂuids minimum splice/piece length of 8 m (25 ft). • ALWAYS cut FIRELINE 13/60 HMX LS EXPOSED detonating cord with a sharp
knife. • NEVER attempt to cut FIRELINE 13/60 HMX LS EXPOSED detonating cord with a X-Ray services are also available for high proﬁle applications requiring an extra level
 blow from a sharp or blunt object, such as an axe, pipe wrench, or rock. of assurance.
Shot Pattern Guide (Guide), page 16 of 38

16

F R E E F A C E

ST
 A
 R
 T
 42 42 42 42 42
 0 42 84 126 42 168 42 210 252 294

67
 42 42 42 42 42 42 42
 109 151 193 235 277 319 361 403
 67

42 42 42
 218 42 260 302 42 344 42
 386 42
 428 470 512
 67

42 42 42
 327 42 369 411 42 453 42 495 42
 537 579 621
 67

42 42 42 42
 436 478 520 42 562 42 604 42
 646 688 730

2650 Decker Lake Blvd, Suite 300
 Salt Lake City, Utah USA 84119 000 NONEL® EZTL® Delay Time (ms) 1
 00
Packaged Explosives (EEG Guide), page 1 of 2

Dynamite in Paper Tube Shell with NG Vapor Barrier
Dynamite in Paper Shell

Presplitting Dynamite in Paper Tube Shell with Plastic Coupler

Emulsion in Plastic Chub
Emulsion in Paper Shell

Emulsion in Plastic Chub
Seismic Charge in Plastic Shell

Type
Density g/cc
Diameter(s)
Energy cal/g (AWS)
Energy cal/cc (ABS)
Velocity ft/sec
Velocity m/sec
Water Resistance
Usage Code

UNIGEL
Dyamite
1.3
1.25 to 3
955
1,240
14,100
4,300
Good
D,G,U

UNIMAX
Dyamite
1.51
1 to 3
1,055
1,510
19,700
6,000
Excellent
D,G,U

DYNOMAX PRO
Dyamite
1.45
1.25 to 3
1,055
1,510
17,300
5,275
Excellent
D,G,RS

Z POWDER
Dyamite
1.37
1.25
965
1,351
16,400
5,000
Excellent
D,U,P

STONECUTTER
Dyamite
1.02
.875 to 2
842
859
4,820
1,470
Poor
D,PS

DYNOSPLIT D
Dyamite
1.4
.75 to 1
995
1,440
8,900
2,700
Good
D,PS,U

DYNOSPLIT D1
Dyamite
0.95
0.875
990
1,230
9,800
3,000
Good
D,PS,U

DYNO AP
Emulsion
1.15
1 to 3.5
775
890
15,400
4,700
Excellent
D,G,U

DYNO AP PLUS
Emulsion
1.15
1 to 2.5
860
990
15,100
4,600
Excellent
D,G,U

DYNO SL
Emulsion
1.15
1 to 1.5
770
885
15,400
4,700
Excellent
D,SL,U

DYNO SL PLUS
Emulsion
1.15
1 to 1.25
850
980
15,100
4,600
Excellent
D,SL,U

DYNOSPLIT AP
Emulsion
1.08
1 to 1.5
775
840
15,400
4,700
Excellent
D,PS,U

DYNOSPLIT C
Emulsion
1.2
.875 to 2
800
960
23,000
7,000
Excellent
D,PS,U

DYNOSPLIT RiGHT
Emulsion
1.11
1 to 2
775
860
16,100
4,900
Excellent
D,PS,U
AMMONIUM NITRATE UN2067 (SDS), page 4 of 9

SECTION 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Control Parameters
No Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) have been established for this product or its chemical components.
Exposure Controls
Appropriate Engineering Controls: Ensure all national/local regulations are observed. Ensure adequate ventilation,
especially in confined areas.
Personal Protective Equipment: Approved safety glasses. Gloves. If insufficient ventilation: wear respiratory protection.
Protective clothing when appropriate as indicated by air monitoring or if engineering controls are insufficient.

Materials for Protective Clothing: Chemically resistant materials and fabrics.
Hand Protection: Wear protective gloves.
Eye Protection: Approved safety glasses
 SDS# 1020 Date: 05/01/2025 Page 4 of 9
DIFFERENTIAL ENERGY® provides productivity and cost benefits (Case Study), page 2 of 3

CASE STUDY

PROJECT GOALS
 PRODUCTS/
USE CONSISTENT PRODUCT PERFORMANCE TO IMPROVE TECHNOLOGY &
SAFETY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND MORE
 SERVICES USED
The primary goals of the trial were to:
• Improve safety with consistent product performance
• Improve fragmentation and diggability
 ∆E
• Improve productivity
• Lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TITAN BULK
 EMULSION
∆E AND TITAN BULK EMULSION
∆E is a proprietary explosives system that allows operations to ensure
each rock segment receives the explosive energy needed for optimal
fragmentation by varying the density of TITAN bulk emulsion throughout
the borehole.

In relatively simple geological conditions,

CASE STUDY
∆E can maximize explosive energy at the
bottom of the borehole and minimize
energy density at the top. In more
complex rock geologies, ∆E allows up to
six explosive energy density profiles in a
single borehole.

By matching the density of emulsion to
the rock properties, operations are able
to optimize their blast outcomes, prevent
NOx emissions, reduce energy use and
greenhouse gases, control vibration and
noise levels, and increase productivity
while reducing overall costs.

 Figure 2: Variable explosive density using ∆E
DEF (DIESEL EXHAUST FLUID) (SDS), page 7 of 7

atsoever from any and all injuries (including death), losses, or damages to persons or property arising from the use of this product or information. Under no circumstances shall either Dyno Nobel Inc. or any of its subsidiaries be liable for special, consequential or incidental damages or for
anticipated loss of profits.

Dyno Nobel SDS

SDS# 1135 Date: 05/01/2025 Page 7 of 7
DYNOMIX™ (SDS), page 12 of 12

Safety Data Sheet
Party Responsible for the Preparation of This Document
Dyno Nobel LTD
6440 S. Millrock Drive, Suite 150
Salt Lake City, Utah 84121
Phone: 801-364-4800
Disclaimer
Dyno Nobel LTD and its subsidiaries disclaim any warranties with respect to this product, the safety or suitability thereof, the information contained
herein, or the results to be obtained, whether express or implied, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND/OR OTHER WARRANTY. The information contained herein is provided for
reference purposes only and is intended only for persons having relevant technical skills. Because conditions and manner of use are outside of our
control, the user is responsible for determining the conditions of safe use of the product. Buyers and users assume all risk, responsibility and liability
whatsoever from any and all injuries (including death), losses, or damages to persons or property arising from the use of this product or information.
Under no circumstances shall either Dyno Nobel Inc. or any of its subsidiaries be liable for special, consequential or incidental damages or for
anticipated loss of profits.

Dyno Nobel SDS

 SDS# 1009 Date: 05/01/2025 Page 12
TITAN® BLASTLITE® — SDS (SDS), page 2 of 7

3. COMPOSITION/ INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
3.1 Substances / Mixtures
 Ingredient CAS Number EC Number Content
 AMMONIUM NITRATE 6484-52-2 629-213-2 35 to 80%
 FUELS, DIESEL (GASOIL - UNSPECIFIED) 68334-30-5 269-822-7 <3%
 NON HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS Not Available Not Available Remainder

4. FIRST AID MEASURES
4.1 Description of first aid measures
Eye If in eyes, hold eyelids apart and flush continuously with running water. Continue flushing until advised to
 stop by a Poisons Information Centre, a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes.
Inhalation If inhaled, remove from contaminated area. To protect rescuer, use an Air-line respirator where an inhalation
 risk exists. Apply artificial respiration if not breathing.
Skin If skin or hair contact occurs, remove contaminated clothing and flush skin and hair with running water.
 Continue flushing with water until advised to stop by a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.
Ingestion For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre on 13 11 26 (Australia Wide) or a doctor (at once). If
 swallowed, do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water.
First aid facilities Eye wash facilities and safety shower should be available.

4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
Serious damage may result from explosive fragments.

4.3 Immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
Treat symptomatically.

5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
5.1 Extinguishing media
DO NOT attempt to extinguish burning explosives. Evacuate area immediately. Notify trained emergency response personnel.

SDS Date: 13 Mar 2026
 Page 2 of 7
 Revision
NONEL® & Primacord® Product Manual (Guide), page 59 of 85

NONEL SL
 NONEL SL units are designed to provide
 an in-hole delay when using low-energy
 detonating cord downlines, such as PRIMA-
 CORD 1 and PRIMACORD 3. The detonat-
 ing cord downline is connected to the SL
 loop using a double-wrap square knot
 (Figure 76).

SL units can be used in a slider configuration
 for decking or double priming applications.
 For detailed instructions, see the NONEL Figure 76 - Front (left) and back (right)
 SL instruction section on pages 27-29 of this views of double-wrap square knot con-
 book. necting SL unit and PRIMACORD 3.

Initiation of PRIMACORD and PRIMALINE

Modern detonators are very dependable. However, two detonators are recom-
 mended at the point of initiation, especially when delay detonators are used for
 surface initiation of multiple hole shots. For optimal safety and reliability, detona-
 tors should be attached to a short length of detonating cord - a pigtail - that will
 be tied into the detonating cord system just before blast time, using a recom-
 mended knot connection. PRIMACORD and PRIMALINE detonating cords are
 reliably initiated with an electric detonator or NONEL Starter unit.
DynoConsult Saves Coal Mine $100,000 per ramp shot with Optimized Timing (Case Study), page 3 of 3

VALUE ADDED
$100,000 SAVINGS PER RAMP SHOT
Following initiation of the blast, customer drone footage
showed far less material casting into the pit than is typical.
A post-blast aerial survey of the blast site provided the data
necessary to quantify the visual difference seen in the initial
drone footage. The key performance indicator for the ramp
blast was non-cast percentage. The timing achieved the goal
of retaining more material within the initial boundaries of the
blast, with the non-cast percentage rising from an average of
52.3% to 67.7% for the ramp shot.

By utilizing the specialized timing developed by DynoConsult,
the customer saves approximately $100,000 per ramp shot
compared to building the ramp using material from a typical
cast shot. This is because due to the lack of sufficient non-
cast material in a typical cast blast, any additional material
 Table 1: Cast Blast vs. Ramp Blast Performance
needs would require a truck and shovel unit in the pit. This
adds approximately $100,000 to the construction costs and
does not generate any cost savings when it comes time to
remove the ramp. These savings are realized in every 150-
foot cut at the coal mine.