kcherry497/dyno-blast-4b-rag huggingface dataset:
Always and Nevers (Guide), page 2 of 8

brary Publication No. 2,
 iniciar detonadores. Contiene únicamente una cantidad limitada de material 7. Amorce: désigne une unité, un emballage ou une cartouche d’explosif
American Table of Distances. reactivo para que la energía transmitida a través del tubo por medio de una onda servant à amorcer des explosifs ou des agents de sautage et contenant:
ALWAYS post normal access roads to explosive storage magazines with the
 detonadora sea guiada a través y confinada por las paredes del tubo. 1) un détonateur ou
following warning sign: 2) un cordeau détonant auquel est raccordé un détonateur conçu pour amorcer
 DANGER ALMACENAMIENTO DE MATERIALES EXPLOSIVOS
 UBICACIÓN DE LOS POLVORINES ce cordeau. NEVER FIGHT EXPLOSIVE FIRES 8. Mèche de sûreté: Un cordeau souple contenant une matière solide
 EXPLOSIVES ARE STORED ON THIS SITE SIEMPRE separe un polvorín de otro polvorín, de edificios habitados, de caminos
 y de vías férreas. Vea la Publicación No. 2 de la Biblioteca de Seguridad del (enflammable) permellant de véhiculer de feu ou une flamme à une vitesse
 CALL (Emergency Phone #) continue et uniforme à partir du point d’aIlumage jusqu’à une extrémité coupée. This sign shall be weather resistant with a reflective surface and lettering Instituto de Fabricantes de Explosivos (IME), Tabla Americana de Distancias.
FIRELINE 8/40 HMX LS (Tech Info), page 2 of 2

cord with a blow from a
 piece length of 8 m (25 ft). sharp or blunt object, such as an axe, pipe wrench, or rock. • NEVER saw FIRELINE 8/40 HMX LS detonating cord; it may explode and kill or
injure. • NEVER cut detonating cord with devices that produce metal-to-metal contact,
 such as scissors, wire cutters, crimpers or similar instruments. 1395

Case Dimensions:
 Fiberboard: 26 x 26 x 14 cm / 10.25 x 10.25 x 5.5 in
 Airpack: 74.3 x 44.1 x 68.27 cm / 29.25 x 17.375 x 26.875 in

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION – Visit dynonobel.com for Brochures and Case Studies related to this product.

Product Disclaimer: Dyno Nobel Inc. and its subsidiaries disclaim any warranties with respect to this product, the safety or suitability thereof, or the results to be obtained, whether express or implied, INCLUDING WITHOUT
LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND/OR OTHER WARRANTY. Buyers and users assume all risk, responsibility and liability whatsoever from any and
all injuries (including death), losses, or damages to persons or property arising from the use of this product. Under no circumstances shall Dyno Nobel Inc. or any of its subsidiaries be liable for special, consequential or
incidental damages or for anticipated loss of profits.
DigiShot XR (Brochure), page 2 of 2

About DigiShot® XR
DigiShot XR is a wired electronic detonator designed for dynamic shock resistance. Its
tailored technologies match unique blasting and geological conditions, creating a robust
solution for all environments. With extreme shock and EMP resistance, DigiShot XR is ideal
for the quarry, open-cut, civil, and construction industries.

Features
 • Extreme shock resistance
 • Resistance to electrostatic discharge (ESD)
 and electromagnetic pulse (EMP)
 • High-accuracy timing
 • Works seamlessly with the Ranger electronic
 initiation system
 • Fit-for-purpose tagging option for improved
 operational efficiency
Electronic Initiation Sparks a Surge in Safety and Efficiency at George Fisher Mine (Case Study), page 1 of 2

ly Hilton North). Another major goal was to improve productivity. This could
The George Fisher orebody is an economic sulphide be achieved through flexible timing allowing bigger, more
mineralisation. It is distinct from the nearby Mount complex blasts and designs to increase conventional
Isa deposit due to its lack of breccia-hosted copper mucking and reduce stope cycle times.
PRIMACORD® — SDS (SDS), page 2 of 7

4. FIRST AID MEASURES
4.1 Description of first aid measures
Eye If in eyes, hold eyelids apart and flush continuously with running water. Continue flushing until advised to
 stop by a Poisons Information Centre, a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes.
Inhalation If inhaled, remove from contaminated area. Apply artificial respiration if not breathing.
Skin If skin or hair contact occurs, remove contaminated clothing and flush skin and hair with running water.
 Continue flushing with water until advised to stop by a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.
Ingestion For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre on 13 11 26 (Australia Wide) or a doctor (at once). If
 swallowed, do not induce vomiting.
First aid facilities Eye wash facilities and normal washroom facilities should be available.

4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
See Section 11 for more detailed information on health effects and symptoms.

4.3 Immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
Treat symptomatically.

5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
5.1 Extinguishing media
DO NOT attempt to extinguish burning explosives. Evacuate area immediately. Notify trained emergency response personnel.
Application Technology - 3D Blast Modeling (Case Study), page 1 of 1

Technology Applied Value Added
APPLICATION OF THE HSBM 3D BLAST MODEL MODEL ANALYSIS RESULTED IN EFFICIENT BLAST
The HSBM 3D Blast Model was employed to determine how the PATTERN
various blast patterns proposed for this task would perform in The results of the HSBM 3D Blast Model analysis showed the
the field. The trajectory and velocity of the rock fragments blast pattern proposed by the Dyno Nobel Technical
ejected from the surface of the blast were the primary Representative would allow no fly to leave the blast area. Based
importance. Obtaining the most accurate mechanical strength on the results of the blast modeling the blast pattern was
properties of the rock to be blasted was pertinent for the employed in the field. As predicted by the HSBM 3D Blast Model
creations of the model. analysis no flyrock entered the lake and no material left the blast
 site.
 Due to the successful results from the blast, this analysis system
 has proven effective for first time shots or when there is some
 debate on which blast pattern to employ.
TITAN® 9000xero® — SDS (SDS), page 7 of 7

Report status This document has been compiled by RMT on behalf of the manufacturer, importer or supplier of the
 product and serves as their Safety Data Sheet ('SDS').
 It is based on information concerning the product which has been provided to RMT by the
 manufacturer, importer or supplier or obtained from third party sources and is believed to represent
 the current state of knowledge as to the appropriate safety and handling precautions for the product
 at the time of issue. Further clarification regarding any aspect of the product should be obtained
 directly from the manufacturer, importer or supplier.
 While RMT has taken all due care to include accurate and up-to-date information in this SDS, it does
 not provide any warranty as to accuracy or completeness. As far as lawfully possible, RMT accepts
 no liability for any loss, injury or damage (including consequential loss) which may be suffered or
 incurred by any person as a consequence of their reliance on the information contained in this SDS.

Prepared by Risk Management Technologies
 5 Ventnor Ave, West Perth
 Western Australia 6005
 Phone: +61 8 9322 1711
 Fax: +61 8 9322 1794
 Email: info@rmtglobal.com
 Web: www.rmtglobal.com

[ End of SDS ]

SDS Date: 13 Mar 2026
 Page 7 of 7
 Revision No: 1.3
Controlling fume generation with TITAN® 9000xero® (Case Study), page 1 of 2

Controlling Fume Generation with
 TITAN® 9000xero®

replacing, to ensure that the solution would require minimal
 Project Summary changes from an operational perspective. As the bulk
 additive replacement utilised is also less hazardous and not
 classified as a dangerous good, no alteration to onsite
A LOW FUME BULK EXPLOSIVE IDEALLY SUITED explosive storage limits was required.
TO SOFT WET GROUND

Dyno Nobel developed TITAN 9000xero to provide a
practical, innovative and reliable solution for reducing post
blast fume (NOx) when blasting in wet/damp, soft or
fractured ground conditions. The product is based on TITAN
9000 emulsion with the inclusion of a bulk additive. The key
to the product lies in the replacement of ammonium nitrate
(AN) prill with a functional bulk additive, eliminating the
potential for water damage to AN prill. The result is a high
emulsion content, reduced weight strength bulk explosive.
Limestone Quarry Boulder Reduction (EEG Guide), page 1 of 1

A specific differential energy loading technique was developed for the site while using DIFFERENTIAL ENERGY TITAN 1000ΔΕ. This particular loading, called ‘’sandwich’’ was developed as follows: a heavy density, a light density and a heavy density to improve fragmentation.

Limestone Quarry Boulder Reduction de bloc
Formula for Explosives per Blasthole (EEG Guide), page 1 of 1

Imperial Result: Pounds Explosive per Blasthole

Result (lbs) = 0.3405 * Explosive Diameter 2 (ft) *Explosive  Density (g/cc) * (Hole Depth-Stemming (ft))

Metric Result: Kilograms Explosive per Blasthole

Result (kg) = .0007854 * Explosive Diameter 2 (m) *Explosive Density (g/cc) * (Hole Depth-Stemming (m))
POWERMITE® PRO — SDS (SDS), page 2 of 8

PRODUCT NAME POWERMITE® PRO

Response statements
P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to
 do. Continue rinsing.
P337 + P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P370 + P372 + P380 + In case of fire: Explosion risk. Evacuate area. DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P373
Storage statements
P401 Store in accordance with relevant site and storage provisions.
Disposal statements
P503 Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on disposal/recovery/recycling.

2.3 Other hazards
No information provided.

3. COMPOSITION/ INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
3.1 Substances / Mixtures
 Ingredient CAS Number EC Number Content
 AMMONIUM NITRATE 6484-52-2 629-213-2 >60%
 ALUMINIUM 7429-90-5 640-421-2 <10%
 SODIUM NITRATE 7631-99-4 231-554-3 <10%
 SODIUM PERCHLORATE 7601-89-0 231-511-9 <10%
 PARAFFIN WAX 8002-74-2 232-315-6 <5%
 NON HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS Not Available Not Available Remainder
 WATER 7732-18-5 686-299-4 <10%
NONEL® LEAD LINE (SDS), page 2 of 13

Safety Data Sheet
According to: 1907/2006/EC (REACH), 1272/2008/EC (CLP), and OSHA GHS
Trade Name: Shock Tube

The product is classified and labelled according to the CLP regulation.
Hazard Pictograms
TITAN® XL 1000 / 1000&Delta;&Epsilon; (Tech Info), page 1 of 2

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET
TITAN® XL 1000 / 1000 ΔE PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
 TITAN XL 1000 / 1000 ΔE is a gassed, bulk emulsion
Gassed TITAN 1000 G made from TITAN 1000 G Matrix specifically designed for quarry and open pit mining
 operations. TITAN XL 1000 / 1000 ΔE is formulated to be sensitized during the blast
 hole loading process using Dyno Nobel’s innovative chemical gassing and emulsion
 SDS processing technology. The process used to manufacture TITAN XL 1000 / 1000 ΔE
 Properties #1052
 enhances water resistance and detonation performance while improving loading
 characteristics. Chemical gassing allows the average density of TITAN XL 1000 / 1000
 (min - max) ΔE to be varied as required to optimize its explosive performance for best blast results. Density (g/cc) avg 0.9 - 1.3
 The average loading density can be varied from about 0.9 to
 1.3 g/cc to best match rock type and application requirements. *Actual number depends on hole depth and diameter.
Using Existing Equipment for New Test Programs (EEG Guide), page 1 of 1

Alternative methods to measure p-wave velocities, record near field vibration levels from cast blasts and perform down hole seismic studies to quantify highwall damage.

Using Existing Equipment for New Test Programs
NONEL® LP Series — Tech Info (Tech Info), page 1 of 3

Properties
 Period / Delay J-Hook Period / Delay J-Hook
 Time (msec) Colour Time (msec) Colour
 0 / 25 White 10 / 3500 Purple
 1 / 500 Red 11 / 3900 Light Blue
 2 / 800 Blue 12 / 4400 Dark Green
 3 / 1100 Brown 13 / 4900 Mauve
Product Description 4 / 1400 Orange 14 / 5400 Mustard
NONEL® nonelectric delay detonator LP units consist of a length of yellow shock
 5 / 1700 Aqua 15 / 5900 Crimson
tube sealed at one end and having a high strength detonator crimped to the other. 6 / 2000 Gold 16 / 6500 Yellow
A colour-coded J-Hook, with pad-printed delay period, is affixed near the sealed
 7 / 2300 Lime Green 17 / 7200 Dark Blue
end, providing easy means of connection to detonating cord. 8 / 2700 Pink 18 / 8000 Green
NONEL LP units are designed to provide in-hole delays for underground (non-
coal) or special construction blasting applications that require long period delay 9 / 3100 Black
times to improve relief and fragmentation (such as drift development, shaft
raising/sinking, stope applications or tunnelling rounds). They are typically used
with detonating cord. Hazardous Shipping Description
 Detonator Assemblies, Non-electric for Blasting, 1.1B, UN 0360
Features and Benefits
The NONEL LP detonator provides increased water hammer resistance in blasting
applications where saturated ground conditions exist.
Differential GPS brochure (Brochure), page 2 of 4

This is why we developed a user-friendly Differential GPS (DGPS) system that
is fully integrated with the CE4 Tagger and Commander system. The system
provides sub-one-meter accuracy for blasthole tagging/logging.

The accuracy in DGPS is achieved by using the Commander at a known (surveyed
location) position that broadcasts correction data to one or more Taggers. The
Taggers then adjust their perception of where they are using the correction data.
DGPS is a vast improvement to GPS because it reduces or eliminates signal
degradation, resulting in improved accuracy.
TROJAN® NB UNIVERSAL — SDS (SDS), page 5 of 8

PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE (PETN) 1660 mg/kg (rat) -- --
 CYCLOTRIMETHYLENE TRINITRAMINE (RDX) 59 mg/kg (mouse) -- --
 TRINITROTOLUENE (TNT) 660 mg/kg (mouse) -- --
 CYCLOTETRAMETHYLENE TETRANITRAMINE 50 mg/kg (rabbit) 630 mg/kg (rabbit) --
 (HMX)
Skin Not classified as a skin irritant. Adverse health effects via skin contact are not anticipated. However, serious
 damage may result from explosive fragments.
Eye Not classified as an eye irritant. Due to product form, exposure can only occur during detonation. Serious
 damage may result from explosive fragments.
Sensitisation Not classified as causing skin or respiratory sensitisation.
Mutagenicity Not classified as a mutagen.
Carcinogenicity Not classified as a carcinogen.
Reproductive Not classified as a reproductive toxin.
STOT - single Due to the product encapsulation, exposure to contents is not anticipated with normal use. Use safe work
exposure practices to avoid dust/fume inhalation after detonation. Toxic fumes evolved. PETN is not absorbed
 appreciably through the skin, but is absorbed slowly through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, causing
 dilation of the blood vessels and a reduction in blood pressure. Exposure to high doses may cause breathing
 difficulties and methaemoglobinaemia. WARNING: May explode with shock, heat, friction or static charge.
 Serious damage may result from explosive fragments.

SDS Date: 13 Mar 2026
 Page 5 of 8
 Revision No: 3.3
Explosive Engineers Guide (Guide), page 35 of 66

0 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.15 1.20 1.20 1.25 1.25 1.30 1.30
 1 1.12 1.13 1.16 1.18 1.21 1.22 1.26 1.27 1.31 1.31
 2 1.13 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.27 1.28 1.31 1.33
 3 1.14 1.18 1.19 1.22 1.23 1.26 1.27 1.30 1.32 1.33
 4 1.15 1.20 1.20 1.24 1.24 1.27 1.28 1.31 1.32 1.34
 5 1.16 1.22 1.21 1.25 1.25 1.28 1.29 1.32 1.33 1.35
 6 1.17 1.23 1.21 1.26 1.25 1.29 1.29 1.32 1.33 1.35
 7 1.18 1.24 1.22 1.27 1.26 1.30 1.30 1.33 1.33 1.36
 8 1.19 1.25 1.23 1.28 1.27 1.31 1.30 1.34 1.34 1.36
 9 1.20 1.27 1.23 1.29 1.27 1.32 1.31 1.34 1.34 1.37
 10 1.20 1.27 1.24 1.30 1.28 1.32 1.31 1.35 1.34 1.37
 11 1.21 1.28 1.25 1.31 1.28 1.33 1.31 1.35 1.35 1.37
 12 1.22 1.29 1.25 1.31 1.28 1.33 1.32 1.36 1.35 1.38
 13 1.22 1.30 1.26 1.32 1.29 1.34 1.32 1.36 1.35 1.38
 14 1.23 1.30 1.26 1.32 1.29 1.34 1.32 1.36 1.35 1.38
 15 1.23 1.31 1.26 1.33 1.29 1.35 1.32 1.36
 16 1.24 1.31 1.27 1.33 1.30 1.35 1.33 1.37
 17 1.24 1.32 1.27 1.34 1.30 1.35 1.33 1.37
 18 1.25 1.32 1.28 1.34 1.30 1.36 1.33 1.37
 19 1.25 1.33 1.28 1.34 1.31 1.36 1.33 1.37
 20 1.25 1.33 1.28 1.35 1.31 1.36 1.34 1.38
 22 1.26 1.34 1.29 1.35 1.31 1.36 1.34 1.38
 24 1.27 1.34 1.29 1.36 1.32 1.37
 26 1.27 1.35 1.30 1.36 1.32 1.37
 28 1.28 1.35 1.30 1.36 1.33 1.38
 30 1.28 1.36 1.31 1.37 1.33 1.38
 Density of gas sensitised and ungassed blends containing

32
 column at different depths for different open cup densities.
AMMONIA (SDS), page 3 of 10

Safety Data Sheet
SECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Description of First Aid Measures
General: The gas is extremely irritating to mucous membranes and lung tissue. Coughing, chest pain, and difficulty in
breathing may result. Prolonged exposure may result in bronchitis, pulmonary edema, and chemical pneumonitis.
Breathing high concentrations may result in death.
Inhalation: When symptoms occur: go into open air and ventilate suspected area. IF INHALED: Remove to fresh air and
keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Get medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact: If contact with gas is prolonged for more than a few minutes, severe burning pain and corrosive damage will
occur. Contact with liquid will cause severe tissue damage. Get medical attention immediately.
Eye Contact: Immediately flush with large amounts of water, including under the eyelids. Seek medical attention
immediately. Speed and thoroughness in rinsing eyes are important to avoid permanent injury.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth out with water. Drink large amounts of water or milk. Seek medical
attention immediately.
MIXED ACID (SDS), page 3 of 14

SECTION 5 - FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
Extinguishing Media
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use extinguishing media appropriate for surrounding fire.
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Do not use a heavy water stream. A heavy water stream may spread burning liquid.
Special Hazards Arising From the Substance or Mixture
Fire Hazard: Not flammable but will support combustion. May intensify fire; oxidizer.
Explosion Hazard: Risk of explosion in contact with reducing agents.
Reactivity: Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Violent exothermic reaction with water (moisture):
release of corrosive gases/vapors.
Reference to Other Sections: Refer to section 9 for flammability properties.
UREA AMMONIUM NITRATE (UAN) 32% (SDS), page 4 of 9

SECTION 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Control Parameters
For substances listed in section 3 that are not listed here, there are no established exposure limits from the manufacturer,
supplier, importer, or the appropriate advisory agency including: ACGIH (TLV), NIOSH (REL), or OSHA (PEL).
Exposure Controls
Appropriate Engineering Controls: Ensure adequate ventilation, especially in confined areas. Emergency eye wash
fountains and safety showers should be available in the immediate vicinity of any potential exposure. Ensure all
national/local regulations are observed.
Personal Protective Equipment: Protective goggles. Gloves. Protective clothing. Boots. If ventilation is insufficient: wear
respiratory protection.

Materials for Protective Clothing: Chemically resistant materials and fabrics.
Hand Protection: Wear chemically resistant protective gloves.
Eye Protection: Chemical safety goggles.
Skin and Body Protection: Wear suitable protective clothing.
Respiratory Protection: Use a NIOSH-approved respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus whenever exposure
may exceed established Occupational Exposure Limits.
Environmental Exposure Controls: Do not allow the product to be released into the environment.
Consumer Exposure Controls: Do not eat, drink or smoke during use.

SECTION 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Information on Basic Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State : Liquid
Appearance : Not available
Odor : Not available
Odor Threshold : Not available
pH : Not available
Evaporation Rate : Not available
Melting Point : Not available

SDS# #1138
TITAN® BLASTLITE® — SDS (SDS), page 3 of 7

PRODUCT NAME TITAN® BlastLite®

5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
EXPLOSIVE. Will explode under specific conditions. May evolve toxic gases (carbon/ nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons) when heated to
decomposition. Eliminate all ignition sources including cigarettes, open flames, spark producing switches/tools, heaters, naked lights,
pilot lights, etc when handling. CAUTION: Will explode if exposed to heat or with heavy impact.

5.3 Advice for firefighters
Evacuate area and contact emergency services. Toxic gases may be evolved in a fire situation. Remain upwind and notify those
downwind of hazard. Do not attempt to fight fire. Use waterfog to cool intact containers and nearby storage areas. May explode from
heat, pressure, friction or shock.

5.4 Hazchem code
E Evacuation of people in and around the immediate vicinity of the incident should be considered.

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as detailed in section 8 of the SDS. Clear area of all unprotected personnel. CAUTION:
Heating, impact or static charge may cause explosion.

6.2 Environmental precautions
Prevent product from entering drains and waterways.
Electronic Initiation (EEG Guide), page 2 of 3

Additional length configurations are available, please consult your Dyno Nobel representative for details.

SmartShot™

Wired or wireless remote firing (up to 3.5Km line-of-sight)

Leaky feeder underground remote firing

4-Wire daisy-chain hookup

Up to 2400 detonators per blaster (dependent on shot layout)

Fully programmable with auto-programmability

Delays from 0 to 20,000 msec in 1 msec increments

Requires password, coded signal & blast key to fire

Computer aided blast design (ViewShot)

Downline meters
Downline feet
Surface meters
Surface feet
Case Quantity
Cable Tensile Strength
Cable Tensile Strength lbs
SmartShot Cable Color

10
33
7
23
18
>250 N
>56 lbs
Dark Green

15
49
10.2
33
18
>250 N
>56 lbs
Dark Green

20
66
0.2
0.66
18
>250 N
>56 lbs
Dark Green

30
98
0.2
0.66
18
>250 N
>56 lbs
Dark Green

35
115
0.2
0.66
18
>250 N
>56 lbs
Dark Green

45
148
0.2
0.66
18
>250 N
>56 lbs
Dark Green

Geoshot™

Electronic Detonator for initiation of Seismic Charges

Wired firing

2-wire direct hookup

Maximum of 7 detonators per array

Firing accuracy of <0.1 ms deviation

Fires only with encrypted signal from GeoShot SIU

High visibility orange cable color

GeoShot is available in lengths from 3.5 m (12 ft) to 54 m (180 ft). See the GeoShot Technical Info Sheet or consult your Dyno Nobel representative for details.

DriftShot™

Electronic Detonator for Underground Development
BLASTGEL® 1070 (Tech Info), page 2 of 2

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET
BLASTGEL® 1070 • Use with detonating cord is not recommended.
 • In wet holes where BLASTGEL 1070 is used to build the
Large Diameter Packaged Booster Sensitive Emulsion explosive column above and out of water, once the column is above the water level,
 ALWAYS load one additional cartridge before loading bulk ANFO. Slit the package
 with a knife near its top before loading to minimize ANFO contact with water.