Task: Strong and weak primes
C++: #include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <locale>
#include <vector>
#include "prime_sieve.hpp"

const int limit1 = 1000000;
const int limit2 = 10000000;

class prime_info {
public:
    explicit prime_info(int max) : max_print(max) {}
    void add_prime(int prime);
    void print(std::ostream& os, const char* name) const;
private:
    int max_print;
    int count1 = 0;
    int count2 = 0;
    std::vector<int> primes;
};

void prime_info::add_prime(int prime) {
    ++count2;
    if (prime < limit1)
        ++count1;
    if (count2 <= max_print)
        primes.push_back(prime);
}

void prime_info::print(std::ostream& os, const char* name) const {
    os << "First " << max_print << " " << name << " primes: ";
    std::copy(primes.begin(), primes.end(), std::ostream_iterator<int>(os, " "));
    os << '\n';
    os << "Number of " << name << " primes below " << limit1 << ": " << count1 << '\n';
    os << "Number of " << name << " primes below " << limit2 << ": " << count2 << '\n';
}

int main() {
    prime_sieve sieve(limit2 + 100);

    
    std::cout.imbue(std::locale(""));

    
    prime_info strong_primes(36);
    prime_info weak_primes(37);
    int p1 = 2, p2 = 3;
    for (int p3 = 5; p2 < limit2; ++p3) {
        if (!sieve.is_prime(p3))
            continue;
        int diff = p1 + p3 - 2 * p2;
        if (diff < 0)
            strong_primes.add_prime(p2);
        else if (diff > 0)
            weak_primes.add_prime(p2);
        p1 = p2;
        p2 = p3;
    }
    strong_primes.print(std::cout, "strong");
    weak_primes.print(std::cout, "weak");
    return 0;
}

Java: public class StrongAndWeakPrimes {

    private static int MAX = 10_000_000 + 1000;
    private static boolean[] primes = new boolean[MAX];

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        sieve();
        System.out.println("First 36 strong primes:");        
        displayStrongPrimes(36);
        for ( int n : new int[] {1_000_000, 10_000_000}) {
            System.out.printf("Number of strong primes below %,d = %,d%n", n, strongPrimesBelow(n));
        }
        System.out.println("First 37 weak primes:");        
        displayWeakPrimes(37);
        for ( int n : new int[] {1_000_000, 10_000_000}) {
            System.out.printf("Number of weak primes below %,d = %,d%n", n, weakPrimesBelow(n));
        }
    }

    private static int weakPrimesBelow(int maxPrime) {
        int priorPrime = 2;
        int currentPrime = 3;
        int count = 0;
        while ( currentPrime < maxPrime ) {
            int nextPrime = getNextPrime(currentPrime);
            if ( currentPrime * 2 < priorPrime + nextPrime ) {
                count++;
            }
            priorPrime = currentPrime;
            currentPrime = nextPrime;
        }
        return count;
    }

    private static void displayWeakPrimes(int maxCount) {
        int priorPrime = 2;
        int currentPrime = 3;
        int count = 0;
        while ( count < maxCount ) {
            int nextPrime = getNextPrime(currentPrime);
            if ( currentPrime * 2 < priorPrime + nextPrime) {
                count++;
                System.out.printf("%d ", currentPrime);
            }
            priorPrime = currentPrime;
            currentPrime = nextPrime;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    private static int getNextPrime(int currentPrime) {
        int nextPrime = currentPrime + 2;
        while ( ! primes[nextPrime] ) {
            nextPrime += 2;
        }
        return nextPrime;
    }
    
    private static int strongPrimesBelow(int maxPrime) {
        int priorPrime = 2;
        int currentPrime = 3;
        int count = 0;
        while ( currentPrime < maxPrime ) {
            int nextPrime = getNextPrime(currentPrime);
            if ( currentPrime * 2 > priorPrime + nextPrime ) {
                count++;
            }
            priorPrime = currentPrime;
            currentPrime = nextPrime;
        }
        return count;
    }
    
    private static void displayStrongPrimes(int maxCount) {
        int priorPrime = 2;
        int currentPrime = 3;
        int count = 0;
        while ( count < maxCount ) {
            int nextPrime = getNextPrime(currentPrime);
            if ( currentPrime * 2 > priorPrime + nextPrime) {
                count++;
                System.out.printf("%d ", currentPrime);
            }
            priorPrime = currentPrime;
            currentPrime = nextPrime;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    private static final void sieve() {
        
        for ( int i = 2 ; i < MAX ; i++ ) {
            primes[i] = true;            
        }
        for ( int i = 2 ; i < MAX ; i++ ) {
            if ( primes[i] ) {
                for ( int j = 2*i ; j < MAX ; j += i ) {
                    primes[j] = false;
                }
            }
        }
    }

}