Task: QR decomposition
Go: package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "math"

    "github.com/skelterjohn/go.matrix"
)

func sign(s float64) float64 {
    if s > 0 {
        return 1
    } else if s < 0 {
        return -1
    }
    return 0
}

func unitVector(n int) *matrix.DenseMatrix {
    vec := matrix.Zeros(n, 1)
    vec.Set(0, 0, 1)
    return vec
}

func householder(a *matrix.DenseMatrix) *matrix.DenseMatrix {
    m := a.Rows()
    s := sign(a.Get(0, 0))
    e := unitVector(m)
    u := matrix.Sum(a, matrix.Scaled(e, a.TwoNorm()*s))
    v := matrix.Scaled(u, 1/u.Get(0, 0))
    
    prod, _ := v.Transpose().TimesDense(v)
    β := 2 / prod.Get(0, 0)

    prod, _ = v.TimesDense(v.Transpose())
    return matrix.Difference(matrix.Eye(m), matrix.Scaled(prod, β))
}

func qr(a *matrix.DenseMatrix) (q, r *matrix.DenseMatrix) {
    m := a.Rows()
    n := a.Cols()
    q = matrix.Eye(m)

    last := n - 1
    if m == n {
        last--
    }
    for i := 0; i <= last; i++ {
        
        b := a.GetMatrix(i, i, m-i, n-i).Copy()
        x := b.GetColVector(0)
        h := matrix.Eye(m)
        h.SetMatrix(i, i, householder(x))
        q, _ = q.TimesDense(h)
        a, _ = h.TimesDense(a)
    }
    return q, a
}

func main() {
    
    a := matrix.MakeDenseMatrixStacked([][]float64{
        {12, -51, 4},
        {6, 167, -68},
        {-4, 24, -41}})
    q, r := qr(a)
    fmt.Println("q:\n", q)
    fmt.Println("r:\n", r)

    
    x := matrix.MakeDenseMatrixStacked([][]float64{
        {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}})
    y := matrix.MakeDenseMatrixStacked([][]float64{
        {1, 6, 17, 34, 57, 86, 121, 162, 209, 262, 321}})
    fmt.Println("\npolyfit:\n", polyfit(x, y, 2))
}

func polyfit(x, y *matrix.DenseMatrix, n int) *matrix.DenseMatrix {
    m := x.Cols()
    a := matrix.Zeros(m, n+1)
    for i := 0; i < m; i++ {
        for j := 0; j <= n; j++ {
            a.Set(i, j, math.Pow(x.Get(0, i), float64(j)))
        }
    }
    return lsqr(a, y.Transpose())
}

func lsqr(a, b *matrix.DenseMatrix) *matrix.DenseMatrix {
    q, r := qr(a)
    n := r.Cols()
    prod, _ := q.Transpose().TimesDense(b)
    return solveUT(r.GetMatrix(0, 0, n, n), prod.GetMatrix(0, 0, n, 1))
}

func solveUT(r, b *matrix.DenseMatrix) *matrix.DenseMatrix {
    n := r.Cols()
    x := matrix.Zeros(n, 1)
    for k := n - 1; k >= 0; k-- {
        sum := 0.
        for j := k + 1; j < n; j++ {
            sum += r.Get(k, j) * x.Get(j, 0)
        }
        x.Set(k, 0, (b.Get(k, 0)-sum)/r.Get(k, k))
    }
    return x
}

Python: 

import numpy as np

def qr(A):
    m, n = A.shape
    Q = np.eye(m)
    for i in range(n - (m == n)):
        H = np.eye(m)
        H[i:, i:] = make_householder(A[i:, i])
        Q = np.dot(Q, H)
        A = np.dot(H, A)
    return Q, A

def make_householder(a):
    v = a / (a[0] + np.copysign(np.linalg.norm(a), a[0]))
    v[0] = 1
    H = np.eye(a.shape[0])
    H -= (2 / np.dot(v, v)) * np.dot(v[:, None], v[None, :])
    return H


a = np.array(((
    (12, -51,   4),
    ( 6, 167, -68),
    (-4,  24, -41),
)))

q, r = qr(a)
print('q:\n', q.round(6))
print('r:\n', r.round(6))


def polyfit(x, y, n):
    return lsqr(x[:, None]**np.arange(n + 1), y.T)

def lsqr(a, b):
    q, r = qr(a)
    _, n = r.shape
    return np.linalg.solve(r[:n, :], np.dot(q.T, b)[:n])

x = np.array((0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10))
y = np.array((1, 6, 17, 34, 57, 86, 121, 162, 209, 262, 321))

print('\npolyfit:\n', polyfit(x, y, 2))