Task: Atomic updates
C#: using System; 
using System.Threading; 
public class ThreadSafeBuckets
{
    
    
    Random rand = new Random();
    int[] Buckets;
    object[] locks; 
    public int BucketCount { get; private set; }
    public ThreadSafeBuckets(int bucketcount)
    {
        
        BucketCount = bucketcount;
        Buckets = new int[bucketcount];
        locks = new object[bucketcount];
        int startingtotal = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < BucketCount; i++)
        {
            locks[i] = new object();
            Buckets[i] = rand.Next(30);
            startingtotal += Buckets[i];
        }
        
        Console.WriteLine("Starting total: " + startingtotal);
    }
    public int GetBucketValue(int i)
    {
        return Buckets[i];
    }
    public void Transfer(int i, int j, int amount)
    {
        
        if (i > BucketCount || j > BucketCount || i < 0 || j < 0 ||
            i == j || amount < 0)
            return;

        
        lock (locks[Math.Min(i, j)])
            lock (locks[Math.Max(i, j)])
            {
                
                amount = Math.Min(amount, Buckets[i]);

                
                Buckets[i] -= amount;
                Buckets[j] += amount;
            }
    }

    public void PrintBuckets()
    {
        int counter = 0;
        
        for (int i = 0; i < BucketCount; i++)
        {
            Monitor.Enter(locks[i]);
            Console.Write(Buckets[i] + " ");
            counter += Buckets[i];
        }
        
        Console.Write("= " + counter);
        Console.WriteLine();

        foreach (var l in locks)
            Monitor.Exit(l);
    }
}

class Program
{
    static ThreadSafeBuckets TSBs;

    public static void Main(){
        
        TSBs = new ThreadSafeBuckets(10);
        TSBs.PrintBuckets();
        
        new Thread(new ThreadStart(EqualizerThread)).Start();
        Thread.Sleep(1);
        
        new Thread(new ThreadStart(RandomizerThread)).Start();
        
        PrinterThread();
    }
    
    static void EqualizerThread()
    {
        Random rand = new Random();
        while (true)
        {
            
            int b1 = rand.Next(TSBs.BucketCount);
            int b2 = rand.Next(TSBs.BucketCount);
            
            int diff = TSBs.GetBucketValue(b1) - TSBs.GetBucketValue(b2);
            
            if (diff < 0)
                TSBs.Transfer(b2, b1, -diff / 2);
            else
                TSBs.Transfer(b1, b2, diff/2);
        }
    }
    
    static void RandomizerThread()
    {
        Random rand = new Random();
        while (true)
        {
            int b1 = rand.Next(TSBs.BucketCount);
            int b2 = rand.Next(TSBs.BucketCount);
            int diff = rand.Next(TSBs.GetBucketValue(b1));
            TSBs.Transfer(b1, b2, diff);
        }
    }
    
    static void PrinterThread()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(50); 
            TSBs.PrintBuckets();
        }
    }
}

Java: import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;

public class AtomicUpdates {

    private static final int NUM_BUCKETS = 10;

    public static class Buckets {
        private final int[] data;

        public Buckets(int[] data) {
            this.data = data.clone();
        }

        public int getBucket(int index) {
            synchronized (data) {
                return data[index];
            }
        }

        public int transfer(int srcIndex, int dstIndex, int amount) {
            if (amount < 0)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("negative amount: " + amount);
            if (amount == 0)
                return 0;

            synchronized (data) {
                if (data[srcIndex] - amount < 0)
                    amount = data[srcIndex];
                if (data[dstIndex] + amount < 0)
                    amount = Integer.MAX_VALUE - data[dstIndex];
                if (amount < 0)
                    throw new IllegalStateException();
                data[srcIndex] -= amount;
                data[dstIndex] += amount;
                return amount;
            }
        }

        public int[] getBuckets() {
            synchronized (data) {
                return data.clone();
            }
        }
    }

    private static long getTotal(int[] values) {
        long total = 0;
        for (int value : values) {
            total += value;
        }
        return total;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadLocalRandom rnd = ThreadLocalRandom.current();

        int[] values = new int[NUM_BUCKETS];
        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++)
            values[i] = rnd.nextInt() & Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        System.out.println("Initial Array: " + getTotal(values) + " " + Arrays.toString(values));

        Buckets buckets = new Buckets(values);
        new Thread(() -> equalize(buckets), "equalizer").start();
        new Thread(() -> transferRandomAmount(buckets), "transferrer").start();
        new Thread(() -> print(buckets), "printer").start();
    }

    private static void transferRandomAmount(Buckets buckets) {
        ThreadLocalRandom rnd = ThreadLocalRandom.current();
        while (true) {
            int srcIndex = rnd.nextInt(NUM_BUCKETS);
            int dstIndex = rnd.nextInt(NUM_BUCKETS);
            int amount = rnd.nextInt() & Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            buckets.transfer(srcIndex, dstIndex, amount);
        }
    }

    private static void equalize(Buckets buckets) {
        ThreadLocalRandom rnd = ThreadLocalRandom.current();
        while (true) {
            int srcIndex = rnd.nextInt(NUM_BUCKETS);
            int dstIndex = rnd.nextInt(NUM_BUCKETS);
            int amount = (buckets.getBucket(srcIndex) - buckets.getBucket(dstIndex)) / 2;
            if (amount >= 0)
                buckets.transfer(srcIndex, dstIndex, amount);
        }
    }

    private static void print(Buckets buckets) {
        while (true) {
            long nextPrintTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 3000;
            long now;
            while ((now = System.currentTimeMillis()) < nextPrintTime) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(nextPrintTime - now);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    return;
                }
            }

            int[] bucketValues = buckets.getBuckets();
            System.out.println("Current values: " + getTotal(bucketValues) + " " + Arrays.toString(bucketValues));
        }
    }
}