Task: Chebyshev coefficients
C++: #include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

static const double PI = acos(-1.0);

double affine_remap(const pair<double, double>& from, double x, const pair<double, double>& to)
{
	return to.first + (x - from.first) * (to.second - to.first) / (from.second - from.first);
}

vector<double> cheb_coef(const vector<double>& f_vals)
{
	const int n = f_vals.size();
	const double theta = PI / n;
	vector<double> retval(n, 0.0);
	for (int ii = 0; ii < n; ++ii)
	{
		double f = f_vals[ii] * 2.0 / n;
		const double phi = (ii + 0.5) * theta;
		double c1 = cos(phi), s1 = sin(phi);
		double c = 1.0, s = 0.0;
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
		{
			retval[j] += f * c;
			
			const double cNext = c * c1 - s * s1;
			s = c * s1 + s * c1;
			c = cNext;
		}
	}
	return retval;
}

template<class F_> vector<double> cheb_coef(const F_& func, int n, const pair<double, double>& domain)
{
	auto remap = [&](double x){return affine_remap({ -1.0, 1.0 }, x, domain); };
	const double theta = PI / n;
	vector<double> fVals(n);
	for (int ii = 0; ii < n; ++ii)
		fVals[ii] = func(remap(cos((ii + 0.5) * theta)));
	return cheb_coef(fVals);
}

double cheb_eval(const vector<double>& coef, double x)
{
	double a = 1.0, b = x, c;
	double retval = 0.5 * coef[0] + b * coef[1];
	for (auto pc = coef.begin() + 2; pc != coef.end(); a = b, b = c, ++pc)
	{
		c = 2.0 * b * x - a;
		retval += (*pc) * c;
	}
	return retval;
}
double cheb_eval(const vector<double>& coef, const pair<double, double>& domain, double x)
{
	return cheb_eval(coef, affine_remap(domain, x, { -1.0, 1.0 }));
}

struct ChebyshevApprox_
{
	vector<double> coeffs_;
	pair<double, double> domain_;

	double operator()(double x) const { return cheb_eval(coeffs_, domain_, x); }

	template<class F_> ChebyshevApprox_
		(const F_& func,
		int n,
		const pair<double, double>& domain)
		:
		coeffs_(cheb_coef(func, n, domain)),
		domain_(domain)
	{ }
};


int main(void)
{
	static const int N = 10;
	ChebyshevApprox_ fApprox(cos, N, { 0.0, 1.0 });
	cout << "Coefficients: " << setprecision(14);
	for (const auto& c : fApprox.coeffs_)
		cout << "\t" << c << "\n";

	for (;;)
	{
		cout << "Enter x, or non-numeric value to quit:\n";
		double x;
		if (!(cin >> x))
			return 0;
		cout << "True value: \t" << cos(x) << "\n";
		cout << "Approximate: \t" << fApprox(x) << "\n";
	}
}

Python: import math

def test_func(x):
    return math.cos(x)

def mapper(x, min_x, max_x, min_to, max_to):
    return (x - min_x) / (max_x - min_x) * (max_to - min_to) + min_to

def cheb_coef(func, n, min, max):
    coef = [0.0] * n
    for i in xrange(n):
        f = func(mapper(math.cos(math.pi * (i + 0.5) / n), -1, 1, min, max)) * 2 / n
        for j in xrange(n):
            coef[j] += f * math.cos(math.pi * j * (i + 0.5) / n)
    return coef

def cheb_approx(x, n, min, max, coef):
    a = 1
    b = mapper(x, min, max, -1, 1)
    c = float('nan')
    res = coef[0] / 2 + coef[1] * b

    x = 2 * b
    i = 2
    while i < n:
        c = x * b - a
        res = res + coef[i] * c
        (a, b) = (b, c)
        i += 1

    return res

def main():
    N = 10
    min = 0
    max = 1
    c = cheb_coef(test_func, N, min, max)

    print "Coefficients:"
    for i in xrange(N):
        print " % lg" % c[i]

    print "\n\nApproximation:\n    x      func(x)       approx      diff"
    for i in xrange(20):
        x = mapper(i, 0.0, 20.0, min, max)
        f = test_func(x)
        approx = cheb_approx(x, N, min, max, c)
        print "%1.3f %10.10f %10.10f % 4.2e" % (x, f, approx, approx - f)

    return None

main()