Task: Search a list
C: #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

const char *haystack[] = {
  "Zig", "Zag", "Wally", "Ronald", "Bush", "Krusty", "Charlie",
  "Bush", "Boz", "Zag", NULL
};

int search_needle(const char *needle, const char **hs)
{
  int i = 0;
  while( hs[i] != NULL ) {
    if ( strcmp(hs[i], needle) == 0 ) return i;
    i++;
  }
  return -1;
}

int search_last_needle(const char *needle, const char **hs)
{
  int i, last=0;
  i = last = search_needle(needle, hs);
  if ( last < 0 ) return -1;
  while( hs[++i] != NULL ) {
    if ( strcmp(needle, hs[i]) == 0 ) {
      last = i;
    }
  }
  return last;
}

int main()
{
  printf("Bush is at %d\n", search_needle("Bush", haystack));
  if ( search_needle("Washington", haystack) == -1 )
    printf("Washington is not in the haystack\n");
  printf("First index for Zag: %d\n", search_needle("Zag", haystack));
  printf("Last index for Zag: %d\n", search_last_needle("Zag", haystack));
  return 0;
}

C++: #include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <cstddef>
#include <exception>
#include <iostream>


class not_found: public std::exception
{
public:
  not_found(std::string const& s): text(s + " not found") {}
  char const* what() const throw() { return text.c_str(); }
  ~not_found() throw() {}
private:
  std::string text;
};


std::size_t get_index(std::string* haystack, int haystack_size, std::string needle)
{
  std::size_t index = std::find(haystack, haystack+haystack_size, needle) - haystack;
  if (index == haystack_size)
    throw not_found(needle);
  else
    return index;
}



template<typename FwdIter>
 typename std::iterator_traits<FwdIter>::difference_type fwd_get_index(FwdIter first, FwdIter last, std::string needle)
{
  FwdIter elem = std::find(first, last, needle);
  if (elem == last)
    throw not_found(needle);
  else
    return std::distance(first, elem);
}


template<typename InIter>
 typename std::iterator_traits<InIter>::difference_type generic_get_index(InIter first, InIter last, std::string needle)
{
  typename std::iterator_traits<InIter>::difference_type index = 0;
  while (first != last && *first != needle)
  {
    ++index;
    ++first;
  }
  if (first == last)
    throw not_found(needle);
  else
    return index;
}




std::string haystack[] = { "Zig", "Zag", "Wally", "Ronald", "Bush", "Krusty", "Charlie", "Bush", "Bozo" };


template<typename T, std::size_t sz> T* begin(T (&array)[sz]) { return array; }
template<typename T, std::size_t sz> T* end(T (&array)[sz]) { return array + sz; }
template<typename T, std::size_t sz> std::size_t size(T (&array)[sz]) { return sz; }


void test(std::string const& needle)
{
  std::cout << "-- C style interface --\n";
  try
  {
    std::size_t index = get_index(haystack, size(haystack), needle);
    std::cout << needle << " found at index " << index << "\n";
  }
  catch(std::exception& exc) 
  {
    std::cout << exc.what() << "\n";
  }

  std::cout << "-- generic interface, first version --\n";
  try
  {
    std::size_t index = fwd_get_index(begin(haystack), end(haystack), needle);
    std::cout << needle << " found at index " << index << "\n";
  }
  catch(std::exception& exc) 
  {
    std::cout << exc.what() << "\n";
  }

  std::cout << "-- generic interface, second version --\n";
  try
  {
    std::size_t index = generic_get_index(begin(haystack), end(haystack), needle);
    std::cout << needle << " found at index " << index << "\n";
  }
  catch(std::exception& exc) 
  {
    std::cout << exc.what() << "\n";
  }
}

int main()
{
  std::cout << "\n=== Word which only occurs once ===\n";
  test("Wally");
  std::cout << "\n=== Word occuring multiple times ===\n";
  test("Bush");
  std::cout << "\n=== Word not occuring at all ===\n";
  test("Goofy");
}