Task: Hailstone sequence
C++: #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <utility>

std::vector<int> hailstone(int i)
{
    std::vector<int> v;
    while(true){ 
        v.push_back(i);
        if (1 == i) break; 
        i = (i % 2) ? (3 * i + 1) : (i / 2);
    }
    return v;
}

std::pair<int,int> find_longest_hailstone_seq(int n)
{
    std::pair<int, int> maxseq(0, 0);
    int l; 
    for(int i = 1; i < n; ++i){
        l = hailstone(i).size(); 
        if (l > maxseq.second) maxseq = std::make_pair(i, l);
    }   
    return maxseq;
}

int main () {


    std::vector<int> h27;
    h27 = hailstone(27); 

    int l = h27.size();
    std::cout << "length of hailstone(27) is " << l;

    std::cout << " first four elements of hailstone(27) are ";
    std::cout << h27[0] << " " << h27[1] << " " 
              << h27[2] << " " << h27[3] << std::endl;

    std::cout << " last four elements of hailstone(27) are "
              << h27[l-4] << " " << h27[l-3] << " " 
              << h27[l-2] << " " << h27[l-1] << std::endl;

    std::pair<int,int> m = find_longest_hailstone_seq(100000); 

    std::cout << "the longest hailstone sequence under 100,000 is " << m.first 
              << " with " << m.second << " elements." <<std::endl;  

    return 0;
}

Java: import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

class Hailstone {

  public static List<Long> getHailstoneSequence(long n) {
    if (n <= 0)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid starting sequence number");
    List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
    list.add(Long.valueOf(n));
    while (n != 1) {
      if ((n & 1) == 0)
        n = n / 2;
      else
        n = 3 * n + 1;
      list.add(Long.valueOf(n));
    }
    return list;
  }
  
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    List<Long> sequence27 = getHailstoneSequence(27);
    System.out.println("Sequence for 27 has " + sequence27.size() + " elements: " + sequence27);
    
    long MAX = 100000;
    
    {
      long highestNumber = 1;
      int highestCount = 1;
      for (long i = 2; i < MAX; i++) {
        int count = getHailstoneSequence(i).size();
        if (count > highestCount) {
          highestCount = count;
          highestNumber = i;
        }
      }
      System.out.println("Method 1, number " + highestNumber + " has the longest sequence, with a length of " + highestCount);
    }
    
    
    {
      long highestNumber = 1;
      int highestCount = 1;
      for (long i = 2; i < MAX; i++) {
        int count = 1;
        long n = i;
        while (n != 1) {
          if ((n & 1) == 0)
            n = n / 2;
          else
            n = 3 * n + 1;
          count++;
        }
        if (count > highestCount) {
          highestCount = count;
          highestNumber = i;
        }
      }
      System.out.println("Method 2, number " + highestNumber + " has the longest sequence, with a length of " + highestCount);
    }
    
    
    {
      long highestNumber = 1;
      long highestCount = 1;
      Map<Long, Integer> sequenceMap = new HashMap<Long, Integer>();
      sequenceMap.put(Long.valueOf(1), Integer.valueOf(1));
      
      List<Long> currentList = new ArrayList<Long>();
      for (long i = 2; i < MAX; i++) {
        currentList.clear();
        Long n = Long.valueOf(i);
        Integer count = null;
        while ((count = sequenceMap.get(n)) == null) {
          currentList.add(n);
          long nValue = n.longValue();
          if ((nValue & 1) == 0)
            n = Long.valueOf(nValue / 2);
          else
            n = Long.valueOf(3 * nValue + 1);
        }
        int curCount = count.intValue();
        for (int j = currentList.size() - 1; j >= 0; j--)
          sequenceMap.put(currentList.get(j), Integer.valueOf(++curCount));
        if (curCount > highestCount) {
          highestCount = curCount;
          highestNumber = i;
        }
      }
      System.out.println("Method 3, number " + highestNumber + " has the longest sequence, with a length of " + highestCount);
    }
    return;
  }
}