Task: Vigenère cipher
C: #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <getopt.h>

#define NUMLETTERS 26
#define BUFSIZE 4096

char *get_input(void);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char const usage[] = "Usage: vinigere [-d] key";
    char sign = 1; 
    char const plainmsg[] = "Plain text:  ";
    char const cryptmsg[] = "Cipher text: ";
    bool encrypt = true;
    int opt;

    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "d")) != -1) {
        switch (opt) {
        case 'd': 
            sign = -1;
            encrypt = false;
            break;
        default: 
            fprintf(stderr, "Unrecogized command line argument:'-%i'\n", opt);
            fprintf(stderr, "\n%s\n", usage);
            return 1;
        }
    }

    if (argc - optind != 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s requires one argument and one only\n", argv[0]);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n%s\n", usage);
        return 1;
    }


    
    char const *const restrict key = argv[optind];
    size_t const keylen = strlen(key);
    char shifts[keylen];

    char const *restrict plaintext = NULL; 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < keylen; i++) {
        if (!(isalpha(key[i]))) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Invalid key\n");
            return 2;
        }
        char const charcase = (isupper(key[i])) ? 'A' : 'a';
        
        
        shifts[i] = (key[i] - charcase) * sign;
    }

    do {
        fflush(stdout);
        
        
        printf("%s", (encrypt) ? plainmsg : cryptmsg);
        plaintext = get_input();
        if (plaintext == NULL) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error getting input\n");
            return 4;
        }
    } while (strcmp(plaintext, "") == 0); 

    size_t const plainlen = strlen(plaintext);

    char* const restrict ciphertext = calloc(plainlen + 1, sizeof *ciphertext);
    if (ciphertext == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Memory error\n");
        return 5;
    }

    for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; i < plainlen; i++) {
        
        if (!(isalpha(plaintext[i]))) {
            ciphertext[i] = plaintext[i];
            continue;
        }
        
        char const charcase = (isupper(plaintext[i])) ? 'A' : 'a';
        
        ciphertext[i] = ((plaintext[i] + shifts[j] - charcase + NUMLETTERS) % NUMLETTERS) + charcase;
        j = (j+1) % keylen;
    }
    ciphertext[plainlen] = '\0';
    printf("%s%s\n", (encrypt) ? cryptmsg : plainmsg, ciphertext);

    free(ciphertext);
    
    free((char*) plaintext);
    return 0;
}
char *get_input(void) {

    char *const restrict buf = malloc(BUFSIZE * sizeof (char));
    if (buf == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    fgets(buf, BUFSIZE, stdin);

    
    size_t const len = strlen(buf);
    if (buf[len - 1] == '\n') buf[len - 1] = '\0';

    return buf;
}

Go: package main

import "fmt"

type vkey string

func newVigenère(key string) (vkey, bool) {
    v := vkey(upperOnly(key))
    return v, len(v) > 0 
}

func (k vkey) encipher(pt string) string {
    ct := upperOnly(pt)
    for i, c := range ct {
        ct[i] = 'A' + (c-'A'+k[i%len(k)]-'A')%26
    }
    return string(ct)
}

func (k vkey) decipher(ct string) (string, bool) {
    pt := make([]byte, len(ct))
    for i := range pt {
        c := ct[i]
        if c < 'A' || c > 'Z' {
            return "", false 
        }
        pt[i] = 'A' + (c-k[i%len(k)]+26)%26
    }
    return string(pt), true
}




func upperOnly(s string) []byte {
    u := make([]byte, 0, len(s))
    for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
        c := s[i]
        if c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' {
            u = append(u, c)
        } else if c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' {
            u = append(u, c-32)
        }
    }
    return u
}

const testKey = "Vigenère Cipher"
const testPT = `Beware the Jabberwock, my son!
    The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!`

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Supplied key: ", testKey)
    v, ok := newVigenère(testKey)
    if !ok {
        fmt.Println("Invalid key")
        return
    }
    fmt.Println("Effective key:", v)
    fmt.Println("Plain text:", testPT)
    ct := v.encipher(testPT)
    fmt.Println("Enciphered:", ct)
    dt, ok := v.decipher(ct)
    if !ok {
        fmt.Println("Invalid ciphertext")
        return
    }
    fmt.Println("Deciphered:", dt)
}