Task: SQL-based authentication
C: #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <time.h>

#include <mysql.h>
#include <openssl/md5.h>

void end_with_db(void);

MYSQL *mysql = NULL; 

bool connect_db(const char *host, const char *user, const char *pwd,
		const char *db, unsigned int port)
{
  if ( mysql == NULL )
  {
    if (mysql_library_init(0, NULL, NULL)) return false;
    mysql = mysql_init(NULL); if ( mysql == NULL ) return false;
    MYSQL *myp = mysql_real_connect(mysql, host, user, pwd, db, port, NULL, 0);
    if (myp == NULL) {
      fprintf(stderr, "connection error: %s\n", mysql_error(mysql));
      end_with_db();
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true; 
}

#define USERNAMELIMIT 32

#define PASSWORDLIMIT 32
#define SALTBYTE 16
bool create_user(const char *username, const char *password)
{
  int i;
  char binarysalt[SALTBYTE];
  char salt[SALTBYTE*2+1];
  char md5hash[MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
  char saltpass[SALTBYTE+PASSWORDLIMIT+1];
  char pass_md5[MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH*2 + 1];
  char user[USERNAMELIMIT*2 + 1];
  char *q = NULL;
  static const char query[] = 
    "INSERT INTO users "
    "(username,pass_salt,pass_md5) "
    "VALUES ('%s', X'%s', X'%s')";
  static const size_t qlen = sizeof query;
  

  for(i=0; username[i] != '\0' && i < USERNAMELIMIT; i++) ;
  if ( username[i] != '\0' ) return false;
  for(i=0; password[i] != '\0' && i < PASSWORDLIMIT; i++) ;
  if ( password[i] != '\0' ) return false;

  srand(time(NULL));

  for(i=0; i < SALTBYTE; i++)
  {
    
    binarysalt[i] = rand()%256; 
  }

  (void)mysql_hex_string(salt, binarysalt, SALTBYTE);
  
  for(i=0; i < SALTBYTE; i++) saltpass[i] = binarysalt[i];
  strcpy(saltpass+SALTBYTE, password);
  (void)MD5(saltpass, SALTBYTE + strlen(password), md5hash);
  (void)mysql_hex_string(pass_md5, md5hash, MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH);

  (void)mysql_real_escape_string(mysql, user, username, strlen(username));

  
  q = malloc(qlen + USERNAMELIMIT*2 + MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH*2 + SALTBYTE*2 + 1);
  if ( q == NULL ) return false;
  sprintf(q, query, user, salt, pass_md5);
#if defined(DEBUG)
  fprintf(stderr, "QUERY:\n%s\n\n", q);
#endif
  int res = mysql_query(mysql, q);
  free(q);
  if ( res != 0 )
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "create_user query error: %s\n", mysql_error(mysql));
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}


bool authenticate_user(const char *username, const char *password)
{
  char user[USERNAMELIMIT*2 + 1];
  char md5hash[MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
  char saltpass[SALTBYTE+PASSWORDLIMIT+1];
  bool authok = false;
  char *q = NULL;
  int i;
  static const char query[] = 
    "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='%s'";
  static const size_t qlen = sizeof query;

  
  for(i=0; username[i] != '\0' && i < USERNAMELIMIT; i++) ;
  if ( username[i] != '\0' ) return false;
  for(i=0; password[i] != '\0' && i < PASSWORDLIMIT; i++) ;
  if ( password[i] != '\0' ) return false;

  (void)mysql_real_escape_string(mysql, user, username, strlen(username));  

  q = malloc(qlen + strlen(user) + 1);
  if (q == NULL) return false;
  sprintf(q, query, username);

  int res = mysql_query(mysql, q);
  free(q);
  if ( res != 0 )
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "authenticate_user query error: %s\n", mysql_error(mysql));
    return false;
  }

  MYSQL_RES *qr = mysql_store_result(mysql);
  if ( qr == NULL ) return false;

  
  if ( mysql_num_rows(qr) != 1 ) {
    mysql_free_result(qr);
    return false;
  }

  MYSQL_ROW row = mysql_fetch_row(qr);          
  unsigned long *len = mysql_fetch_lengths(qr); 

  memcpy(saltpass, row[2], len[2]); 
  memcpy(saltpass + len[2], password, strlen(password));
  (void)MD5(saltpass, SALTBYTE + strlen(password), md5hash);

  authok = memcmp(md5hash, row[3], len[3]) == 0;
  mysql_free_result(qr);

  return authok;
}

void end_with_db(void)
{
  mysql_close(mysql); mysql = NULL;
  mysql_library_end();
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{

  if ( argc < 4 ) return EXIT_FAILURE;

  if ( connect_db("localhost", "devel", "", "test", 0 ) )
  {
    if ( strcmp(argv[1], "add") == 0 )
    {
      if (create_user(argv[2], argv[3])) 
	printf("created\n");
    } else if ( strcmp(argv[1], "auth") == 0 ) {
      if (authenticate_user(argv[2], argv[3]))
	printf("authorized\n");
      else
	printf("access denied\n");
    } else {
      printf("unknown command\n");
    }
    end_with_db();
  }
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

PHP: function connect_db($database, $db_user, $db_password, $host = 'localhost', $port = NULL, $die = false) {





	if(!$db_handle = @mysql_connect($host.($port ? ':'.$port : ''), $db_user, $db_password)) {
		if($die)
			die("Can't connect to MySQL server:\r\n".mysql_error());
		else
			return false;
	}
	if(!@mysql_select_db($database, $db_handle)) {
		if($die)
			die("Can't select database '$database':\r\n".mysql_error());
		else
			return false;
	}
	return $db_handle;
}

function create_user($username, $password, $db_handle) {


	if(strlen($username) > 32)
		return false;

	$salt = '';
	do {
		$salt .= chr(mt_rand(32, 254));
	} while(strlen($salt) < 16);

	$pass_md5 = md5($salt.$password);

	$username = mysql_real_escape_string($username);
	$salt = mysql_real_escape_string($salt);

	if(!@mysql_query("INSERT INTO users (username,pass_salt,pass_md5) VALUES('$username','$salt','$pass_md5')", $db_handle))
		return false;

	return mysql_insert_id($db_handle);
}

function authenticate_user($username, $password, $db_handle) {



	$safe_username = mysql_real_escape_string($username);

	if(!$result = @mysql_query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='$safe_username'", $db_handle))
		return false;

	$row = @mysql_fetch_assoc($result);

	if(md5($row['pass_salt'].$password) != $row['pass_md5'])
		return false;

	return $row['userid'];
}