CREATE TABLE "winners" (
  "year" real,
  "miss_earth_venezuela" text,
  "1st_runner_up" text,
  "2nd_runner_up" text,
  "3rd_runner_up" text,
  "4th_runner_up" text
);

Question: who is the miss earth venezuela when the 2nd runner-up is maría escalante?
SQL: SELECT "miss_earth_venezuela" FROM "winners" WHERE "2nd_runner_up"='maría escalante';

Question: who is the 2nd runner-up when the year is before 2008 and the 3rd runner-up is mariannys caraballo?
SQL: SELECT "2nd_runner_up" FROM "winners" WHERE "year"<2008 AND "3rd_runner_up"='mariannys caraballo';

Question: who is the 1st runner-up when the miss earth Venezuela is maría daniela torrealba?
SQL: SELECT "1st_runner_up" FROM "winners" WHERE "miss_earth_venezuela"='maría daniela torrealba';

Question: who is the 4th runner-up when the 2nd runner-up is osmariel villalobos?
SQL: SELECT "4th_runner_up" FROM "winners" WHERE "2nd_runner_up"='osmariel villalobos';

Question: who is the 2nd runner-up when the 3rd runner-up is mariannys caraballo?
SQL: SELECT "2nd_runner_up" FROM "winners" WHERE "3rd_runner_up"='mariannys caraballo';