B: There we go .
B: And actually I was B: cuz I got a wireless mike on .
D: So a more general thing than " discussed admission fee " um , could be D: I I 'm just wondering whether the context , the background context of the discourse might be D: I don't know ,
D: if there 's a way to define it or maybe you know generalize it some way
D: um , there might be other cues that , say , um , in the last few utterances there has been something that has strongly associated with say one of the particular modes
D: uh , I don't know if that might be A: Mm - hmm .
D: uh , and and into that node would be various various things that that could have specifically come up .
A: I think we A: I think a a sort of general strategy here A: You know , this is this is excellent because um it gets you thinking along these terms A: is that maybe we ob we could observe a couple of um discourse phenomena such as the admission fee ,
A: and something else and something else , that happened in the discourse before .
D: Mm - hmm .
D: Right .
A: And um let 's make those four .
A: And maybe there are two um A: So maybe this could be sort of a separate region of the net , which has two  has it 's own middle layer .
A: Maybe this , you know , has some kind of um , funky thing that di
A: if this
A: and this may influence these hidden nodes of the discourse
A: which is maybe something that is uh , a more general version of the actual phenomenon that you can observe .
A: So things that point towards B: So instead of single node , for like , if they said the word " admission fee " D: Exactly .
D: Yeah .
B: " admission fee " , or maybe , you know , " how much to enter "
B: or you know something ,
D: Opening hours or something like that .
B: other cues .
B: Exactly .
B: That would all f funnel into one node that would constitute entrance requirements or something like that .
A: So " pay a visit " D: Mm - hmm .
A: uh uh d
C: Sure .
C: Yeah .
A: Yeah ?
D: I mean it sort of get into plan recognition kinds of things in the discourse .
D: I mean that 's like the bigger um , version of it .
A: Exactly .
A: Yeah ?
A: And then maybe there are some discourse acts if they happened before ,
A: um it 's more for um a cue that the person actually wants to get somewhere else
A: and that you are in a in a in a route
A: um , sort of proceeding past these things ,
A: so this would be just something that where you want to pass it .
A: Hmm ?
A: Is that it ?
A: However these are of course then
A: the the nodes , the observed nodes , for your middle layer .
A: So this again points to " final destination " , " doing business " , " tourist hurry " and so forth .
D: Mm - hmm .
B: OK .
A: Yeah ?
A: And so then we can say , " OK .
A: we have a whole region " in a e
D: That 's a whole set of discourse related cues to your middle layer .
A: Yeah , exactly .
D: Right ?
A: And this is just then just one .
A: So e because at the end the more we um add , you know , the more spider - web - ish it 's going to become in the middle and the more of hand editing .
A: It 's going to get very ugly .
A: But with this way we could say " OK , these are the discourse phenomena .
A: They ra may have there own hidden layer that points to some of the the real hidden layer , um or the general hidden layer .
C: Sure .
A: And the same we will be able to do for syntactic information ,
A: the verbs used , the object types used , modifiers .
A: And maybe there 's a hidden layer for that .
C: Yep .
A: And so forth and so forth .
A: Then we have context .
C: Yeah .
C: So essentially a lot of those nodes can be expanded into little Bayes - nets of their own .
A: Yep .
D: Mm - hmm .
A: Precisely .
A: So .
B: One thing that 's kind of been bugging me when I more I look at this is that the B: I guess , the fact that the there 's a complete separation between the observed features and in the output .
C: Yeah .
B: I mean , it makes it cleaner , but then uh I mean .
C: That 's true .
B: For instance if the discourse does D: What do you mean by that ?
B: well for instance , the " discourse admission fee " node seems like it should point directly to the D: Uh - huh .
B: or increase the probability of " enter directly " versus " going there via tourist " .
C: Yeah .
C: Or we could like add more , uh , sort of middle nodes .
C: Like we could add a node like do they want to enter it ,
C: which is affected by admission fee and by whether it 's closed and by whether it has a door .
A: Mm - hmm .
C: So it 's like There are Those are the two options .
B: Right .
C: Either like make an arrow directly or put a new node .
D: Hmm .
B: Yeah ,
B: that makes sense .
A: Yeah .
A: And if it if you do it If you could connect it too hard you may get such phenomenon that like " So how much has it cost to enter ? "
A: and the answer is two hundred fifty dollars ,
A: and then the persons says um " Yeah I want to see it . "
A: Yeah ?
A: meaning " It 's way out of my budget "
A: um B: There are places in Germany where it costs two hundred fifty dollars to enter ?
A: Um , nothing comes to mind .
A: Without thinking too hard .
A: Um , maybe ,
A: yeah of course ,
A: um opera premiers .
B: Really ?
A: So you know .
D: Hmm .
A: Or or any good old Pink Floyd concert .
B: I see .
B: If you want to see " The Magic Flute " or something .
A: Yeah .
D: Or maybe um , a famous restaurant .
D: or , I don't know .
D: There are various things that you might w not want to eat a meal there but your own table .
B: The Spagos of Heidelberg .
A: I think that the h I mean nothing beats the the admission charge prices in Japan .
A: So there , two hundred dollars is is moderate for getting into a discotheque .
A: You know .
C: Really .
A: Then again , everything else is free then once you 're ins in there .
A: Food and drink and so forth .
A: So . I mean .
A: But i you know , i we can A: Something Somebody can have discussed the admission fee and u the answer is s if we A: um , you know , um still , based on that result is never going to enter that building .
B: Hmm .
A: You know ?
A: Because it 's just too expensive .
B: Oh yeah ,
B: I think I see .
B: So the discourse refers to " admission fee " but it just turns out that they change their mind in the middle of the discourse .
D: Yeah .
D: you have to have some notion of not just D: I mean there 's a there 's change across several turns of discourse
B: Right .
D: so I don't know how if any of this was discussed but how i if it all this is going to interact with whatever general uh , other other discourse processing that might be happen .
A: Mm - hmm .
A: Mm - hmm .
D: I mean .
C: Yeah . <comment> <nonvocalsound> Yeah .
B: What sort of discourse processing is uh are the B: How much is built into SmartKom and A: It works like this .
A: The uh , um I mean .
A: The first thing we get is that already the intention is sort of t
A: They tried to figure out the intention ,
A: right ?
A: simply by parsing it .
A: And this um m won't differentiate between all modes ,
A: yeah ?
A: but at least it 'll tell us " OK here we have something that A: somebody that wants to go someplace ,
A: now it 's up for us to figure out what kind of going there is is  is happening ,
A: and um , if the discourse takes a couple of turns before everything all the information is needed ,
A: what happens is you know the parser parses it
A: and then it 's handed on to the discourse history which is , um o one of the most elaborate elaborate modules .
A: It 's it 's actually the the whole memory of the entire system , that knows what wh who said what , which was what was presented .
A: It helps an an anaphora resolution and it and it fills in all the structures that are omitted ,
A: so , um ,
A: because you say " OK , how can I get to the castle ?
A: " Oh , how how much is it ? "
A: and um " yeah I would like uh um to g let 's do it " and so forth .
A: So even without an a ana anaphora somebody has to make sure that information we had earlier on is still here .
B: Mm - hmm .
A: Because not every module keeps a memory of everything that happened .
A: so whenever the uh , um person is not actually rejecting what happened before ,
A: so as in " No I really don't want to see that movie .
A: I 'd rather stay home and watch TV "
A: um What movie was selected in what cinema in what town is is going to be sort of added into the disc into the representations every di at each dialogue step , by the discourse model discourse model ,
A: Yeah , that 's what it 's called .
A: and , um , it does some help in the anaphora resolution
A: and it also helps in coordinating the gesture screen issues .
A: So a person pointing to something on the screen , you know ,
B: Hmm .
A: the discourse model actually stores what was presented at what location on the s on the screen
A: so it 's a it 's a rather huge  huge thing
A: but um  <comment> um   we can sort of A: It has a very clear interface .
A: We can query it whether admission fees were discussed in the last turn
A: and and the turn before that or you know
A: how deep we want to search
B: OK .
A: um which is a question .
A: How deep do we want to sear ,
A: you know ?
A: Um but we should try to keep in mind that , you know , we 're doing this sort of for research ,
A: so we we should find a limit that 's reasonable and not go , you know , all the way back to Adam and Eve .
A: You know , did that person ever discuss admissions fee fees in his entire life ?
A: And the dialogues are pretty pretty you know concise
A: and A: Anyway .