Article 1 Scope
1. This Regulation shall apply to: (a) the design, production, maintenance and operation of aeronautical products, parts and appliances, as well as personnel and organisations involved in the design, production and maintenance of such products, parts and appliances; (b) personnel and organisations involved in the operation of aircraft; (c) the design, maintenance and operation of aerodromes, as well as personnel and organisations involved therein and, without prejudice to Community and national legislation on environment and land-use planning, the safeguarding of surroundings of aerodromes; (d) the design, production and maintenance of aerodrome equipment, as well as personnel and organisations involved therein; (e) the design, production and maintenance of systems and constituents for air traffic management and air navigation services (ATM/ANS), as well as personnel and organisations involved therein; (f) ATM/ANS, as well as personnel and organisations involved therein. 2. This Regulation shall not apply to: (a) products, parts, appliances, personnel and organisations referred to in paragraph 1(a) and (b) while carrying out military, customs, police, search and rescue, firefighting, coastguard or similar activities or services. The Member States shall undertake to ensure that such activities or services have due regard as far as practicable to the objectives of this Regulation; (b) aerodromes or part thereof, as well as equipment, personnel and organisations, referred to in paragraph 1(c) and (d), that are controlled and operated by the military; (c) ATM/ANS, including systems and constituents, personnel and organisations, referred to in paragraph 1(e) and (f), that are provided or made available by the military. The Member States shall undertake to ensure that aircraft referred to in point (a) of this paragraph are separated, where appropriate, from other aircraft. 3. Member States shall, as far as practicable, ensure that any military facilities open to public use referred to in paragraph 2(b) or services provided by military personnel to the public referred to in paragraph 2(c), offer a level of safety that is at least as effective as that required by the essential requirements as defined in Annexes Va and Vb.
Article 2 Objectives
1. The principal objective of this Regulation is to establish and maintain a high uniform level of civil aviation safety in Europe. 2. Additional objectives are, in the fields covered by this Regulation, as follows: (a) to ensure a high uniform level of environmental protection; (b) to facilitate the free movement of goods, persons and services; (c) to promote cost-efficiency in the regulatory and certification processes and to avoid duplication at national and European level; (d) to assist Member States in fulfilling their obligations under the Chicago Convention, by providing a basis for a common interpretation and uniform implementation of its provisions, and by ensuring that its provisions are duly taken into account in this Regulation and in the rules drawn up for its implementation; (e) to promote Community views regarding civil aviation safety standards and rules throughout the world by establishing appropriate cooperation with third countries and international organisations; (f) to provide a level playing field for all actors in the internal aviation market. 3. The means of achieving the objectives set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be: (a) the preparation, adoption and uniform application of all necessary acts; (b) the recognition, without additional requirements, of certificates, licences, approvals or other documents granted to products, personnel and organisations in accordance with this Regulation and its implementing rules; (c) the establishment of an independent European Aviation Safety Agency (hereinafter referred to as the Agency); (d) the uniform implementation of all necessary acts by the national aviation authorities and the Agency within their respective areas of responsibility.
Article 3 Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation: (a) ‘continuing oversight’ shall mean the tasks to be conducted to verify that the conditions under which a certificate has been granted continue to be fulfilled at any time during its period of validity, as well as the taking of any safeguard measure; (b) ‘Chicago Convention’ shall mean the Convention on International Civil Aviation and its Annexes, signed in Chicago on 7 December 1944; (c) ‘product’ shall mean an aircraft, engine or propeller; (d) ‘parts and appliances’ shall mean any instrument, equipment, mechanism, part, apparatus, appurtenance, software or accessory, including communications equipment, that is used or intended to be used in operating or controlling an aircraft in flight; it shall include parts of an airframe, engine or propeller, or equipment used to manoeuvre the aircraft from the ground; (da) ‘ATM/ANS constituents’ shall mean any constituent as defined in Article 2(19) of Regulation (EC) No 549/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2004 laying down the framework for the creation of the single European sky (the framework Regulation) ( 10 ); (e) ‘certification’ shall mean any form of recognition that a product, part or appliance, organisation or person complies with the applicable requirements including the provisions of this Regulation and its implementing rules, as well as the issuance of the relevant certificate attesting such compliance; (f) ‘qualified entity’ shall mean a body which may be allocated a specific certification task by, and under the control and the responsibility of, the Agency or a national aviation authority; (g) ‘certificate’ shall mean any approval, licence or other document issued as the result of certification; (h) ‘operator’ shall mean any legal or natural person, operating or proposing to operate one or more aircraft or one or more aerodromes; (i) ‘commercial operation’ shall mean any operation of an aircraft, in return for remuneration or other valuable consideration, which is available to the public or, when not made available to the public, which is performed under a contract between an operator and a customer, where the latter has no control over the operator; (j) ‘complex motor-powered aircraft’ shall mean: (i) an aeroplane: — with a maximum certificated take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg, or — certificated for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nineteen, or — certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots, or — equipped with (a) turbojet engine(s) or more than one turboprop engine, or (ii) a helicopter certificated: — for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3 175 kg, or — for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine, or — for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots, or (iii) a tilt rotor aircraft; (j) ‘complex motor-powered aircraft’ shall mean: (i) an aeroplane: — with a maximum certificated take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg, or — certificated for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nineteen, or — certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots, or — equipped with (a) turbojet engine(s) or more than one turboprop engine, or (i) an aeroplane: — with a maximum certificated take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg, or — certificated for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nineteen, or — certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots, or — equipped with (a) turbojet engine(s) or more than one turboprop engine, or (ii) a helicopter certificated: — for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3 175 kg, or — for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine, or — for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots, or (ii) a helicopter certificated: — for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3 175 kg, or — for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine, or — for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots, or (iii) a tilt rotor aircraft; (k) ‘flight simulation training device’ shall mean any type of device in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground; they include flight simulators, flight training devices, flight and navigation procedures trainers and basic instrument training devices; (l) ‘rating’ shall mean a statement entered on a licence, setting forth privileges, special conditions or limitations pertaining thereto; (m) ‘aerodrome’ shall mean a defined area (including any buildings, installations and equipment) on land or water or on a fixed, fixed offshore or floating structure intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft; (n) ‘aerodrome equipment’ shall mean any equipment, apparatus, appurtenance, software or accessory, that is used or intended to be used to contribute to the operation of aircraft at an aerodrome; (o) ‘apron’ shall mean a defined area intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance; (p) ‘apron management service’ shall mean a service provided to manage the activities and the movement of aircraft and vehicles on an apron; (q) ‘ATM/ANS’ shall mean the air traffic management functions as defined in Article 2(10) of Regulation (EC) No 549/2004, air navigation services defined in Article 2(4) of that Regulation, and services consisting in the origination and processing of data and formatting and delivering data to general air traffic for the purpose of safety-critical air navigation; (r) ‘ATM/ANS system’ shall mean any combination of safety-related equipment and systems as defined in Article 2(39) of Regulation (EC) No 549/2004; (s) ‘flight information service’ shall mean a service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.
Article 4 Basic principles and applicability
1. Aircraft, including any installed product, part and appliance, which are: (a) designed or manufactured by an organisation for which the Agency or a Member State ensures safety oversight; or (b) registered in a Member State, unless their regulatory safety oversight has been delegated to a third country and they are not used by a Community operator; or (c) registered in a third country and used by an operator for which any Member State ensures oversight of operations or used into, within or out of the Community by an operator established or residing in the Community; or (d) registered in a third country, or registered in a Member State which has delegated their regulatory safety oversight to a third country, and used by a third-country operator into, within or out of the Community shall comply with this Regulation. 2. Personnel involved in the operations of aircraft referred to in paragraph 1(b), (c) or (d) shall comply with this Regulation. 3. Operations of aircraft referred to in paragraph 1(b), (c) or (d) shall comply with this Regulation. 3a. Aerodromes, including equipment, located in the territory subject to the provisions of the Treaty, open to public use and which serve commercial air transport and where operations using instrument approach or departure procedures are provided, and: (a) have a paved runway of 800 metres or above; or (b) exclusively serve helicopters; shall comply with this Regulation. Personnel and organisations involved in the operation of these aerodromes shall comply with this Regulation. 3b. By way of derogation from paragraph 3a, Member States may decide to exempt from the provisions of this Regulation an aerodrome which: — handles no more than 10 000 passengers per year, and — handles no more than 850 movements related to cargo operations per year. If such exemption by a Member State does not comply with the general safety objectives of this Regulation or any other rule of Community law, the Commission shall take a decision in accordance with the safeguard procedure referred to in Article 65(7) not to permit the exemption in question. In such a case, the Member State concerned shall revoke the exemption. 3c. ATM/ANS provided in the airspace of the territory to which the Treaty applies, as well as in any other airspace where Member States apply Regulation (EC) No 551/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2004 on the organisation and use of the airspace in the single European sky (the airspace Regulation) ( 11 ) in accordance with Article 1(3) of that Regulation, shall comply with this Regulation. Systems and constituents, personnel and organisations involved in the provision of these ATM/ANS shall comply with this Regulation. 4. Paragraph 1 shall not apply to aircraft referred to in Annex II. 5. Paragraphs 2 and 3 shall not apply to aircraft referred to in Annex II, with the exception of aircraft referred to in points (a)(ii), (d) and (h) thereof when used for commercial air transportation. 6. This Regulation shall not affect the rights of third countries as specified in international conventions, in particular the Chicago Convention.
Article 5 Airworthiness
1. Aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(a), (b) and (c) shall comply with the essential requirements for airworthiness laid down in Annex I. 2. Compliance of aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(b), and of products, parts and appliances mounted thereon shall be established in accordance with the following: (a) products shall have a type-certificate. The type-certificate, and certification of changes to that type-certificate, including supplemental type-certificates, shall be issued when the applicant has shown that the product complies with a type-certification basis as specified in Article 20, established to ensure compliance with the essential requirements referred to in paragraph 1, and when it has no feature or characteristic making it unsafe for operation. The type-certificate shall cover the product, including all parts and appliances fitted thereon; (b) the measures referred to in paragraph 5 may lay down a requirement for certification in respect of parts and appliances. The certificates for parts and appliances shall be issued when the applicant has shown that the parts and appliances comply with the detailed airworthiness specifications established to ensure compliance with the essential requirements referred to in paragraph 1; (c) no aircraft shall be operated, unless it has a valid certificate of airworthiness. The certificate shall be issued when the applicant has shown that the aircraft conforms to the type design approved in its type-certificate and that relevant documentation, inspections and tests demonstrate that the aircraft is in condition for safe operation. This certificate of airworthiness shall remain valid as long as it is not suspended, revoked or terminated and as long as the aircraft is maintained in accordance with the essential requirements related to continuing airworthiness set out in point 1.d of Annex I and the measures adopted pursuant to paragraph 5; (d) organisations responsible for the maintenance of products, parts and appliances shall demonstrate their capability and means to discharge the responsibilities associated with their privileges. Unless otherwise accepted these capabilities and means shall be recognised through the issuance of an organisation approval. The privileges granted to the approved organisation and the scope of the approval shall be specified in the terms of approval; (e) organisations responsible for the design and manufacture of products, parts and appliances shall demonstrate their capability and means to discharge the responsibilities associated with their privileges. Unless otherwise accepted these capabilities and means shall be recognised through the issuance of an organisation approval. The privileges granted to the approved organisation and the scope of the approval shall be specified in the terms of approval; in addition: (f) personnel responsible for the release of a product, part or appliance after maintenance may be required to hold an appropriate certificate (personnel certificate); (g) the capability of maintenance training organisations to discharge the responsibilities associated with their privileges in relation to the issuance of the certificates referred to in point (f) may be recognised by the issuance of an approval. 3. Aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(a) and products, parts and appliances mounted thereon shall comply with paragraph 2(a), (b) and (e) of this Article. 4. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1 and 2: (a) a permit to fly may be issued when it is shown that the aircraft is capable of performing safely a basic flight. It shall be issued with appropriate limitations, in particular to protect third parties' safety; (b) a restricted certificate of airworthiness may be issued to aircraft for which a type certificate has not been issued according to paragraph 2(a). In this case, the aircraft shall be shown to comply with specific airworthiness specifications and deviations from the essential requirements referred to in paragraph 1 shall nevertheless ensure adequate safety with regard to the purpose. Aircraft eligible for these restricted certificates, and limitations for use of these aircraft, shall be defined according to the measures referred to in paragraph 5; (c) when the number of aircraft of the same type eligible for a restricted certificate of airworthiness so justifies, a restricted type certificate may be issued and an appropriate type certification basis shall be established. 5. The measures designed to amend non-essential elements of this Article, by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 65(4). Those measures shall specify in particular: (a) conditions for establishing and notifying to an applicant the type-certification basis applicable to a product; (b) conditions for establishing and notifying to an applicant the detailed airworthiness specifications applicable to parts and appliances; (c) conditions for establishing and notifying to an applicant the specific airworthiness specifications applicable to aircraft eligible for a restricted certificate of airworthiness; (d) conditions for issuing and disseminating mandatory information in order to ensure the continuing airworthiness of products; (e) conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, suspending or revoking type-certificates, restricted type-certificates, approval of changes to type-certificates, individual certificates of airworthiness, restricted certificates of airworthiness, permits to fly and certificates for products, parts or appliances, including: (i) conditions on the duration of these certificates, and conditions to renew certificates when a limited duration is fixed; (ii) restrictions applicable to the issue of permits to fly. These restrictions should in particular concern the following: — purpose of the flight, — airspace used for the flight, — qualification of flight crew, — carriage of persons other than flight crew; (iii) aircraft eligible for restricted certificates of airworthiness, and associated restrictions; (iv) the minimum syllabus of maintenance certifying staff type rating training to ensure compliance with paragraph (2)(f); (v) the minimum syllabus of pilot type rating and the qualification of associated simulators to ensure compliance with Article 7; (vi) the master minimum equipment list as appropriate and additional airworthiness specifications for a given type of operation to ensure compliance with Article 8; (e) conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, suspending or revoking type-certificates, restricted type-certificates, approval of changes to type-certificates, individual certificates of airworthiness, restricted certificates of airworthiness, permits to fly and certificates for products, parts or appliances, including: (i) conditions on the duration of these certificates, and conditions to renew certificates when a limited duration is fixed; (ii) restrictions applicable to the issue of permits to fly. These restrictions should in particular concern the following: — purpose of the flight, — airspace used for the flight, — qualification of flight crew, — carriage of persons other than flight crew; (ii) restrictions applicable to the issue of permits to fly. These restrictions should in particular concern the following: — purpose of the flight, — airspace used for the flight, — qualification of flight crew, — carriage of persons other than flight crew; (iii) aircraft eligible for restricted certificates of airworthiness, and associated restrictions; (iv) the minimum syllabus of maintenance certifying staff type rating training to ensure compliance with paragraph (2)(f); (v) the minimum syllabus of pilot type rating and the qualification of associated simulators to ensure compliance with Article 7; (vi) the master minimum equipment list as appropriate and additional airworthiness specifications for a given type of operation to ensure compliance with Article 8; (f) conditions to issue, maintain, amend, suspend or revoke organisation approvals required in accordance with paragraph 2(d), (e) and (g) and conditions under which such approvals need not be requested; (g) conditions to issue, maintain, amend, suspend or revoke personnel certificates required in accordance with paragraph 2(f); (h) responsibilities of the holders of certificates; (i) how aircraft referred to in paragraph 1 which are not covered by paragraphs 2 or 4 are to show compliance with the essential requirements; (j) how aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(c) are to show compliance with the essential requirements. 6. When adopting the measures referred to in paragraph 5, the Commission shall take specific care that they: (a) reflect the state of the art and the best practices in the field of airworthiness; (b) take into account worldwide aircraft experience in service, and scientific and technical progress; (c) allow for immediate reaction to established causes of accidents and serious incidents; (d) do not impose on aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(c) requirements which would be incompatible with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) obligations of Member States.
Article 6 Essential requirements for environmental protection
1. Products, parts and appliances shall comply with the environmental protection requirements contained in Amendment 9 of Volume I and in Amendment 6 of Volume II of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention as applicable on 20 November 2008, except for the Appendices to Annex 16. 2. The measures designed to amend non-essential elements of the requirements referred to in paragraph 1 in order to bring them into line with subsequent amendments to the Chicago Convention and its Annexes which enter into force after the adoption of this Regulation and which become applicable in all Member States, shall, in so far as such adaptations do not broaden the scope of this Regulation, be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 65(5). 3. The measures designed to amend non-essential elements of the requirements referred to in paragraph 1, by supplementing them, shall, using as necessary the content of the Appendices referred to in paragraph 1, be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 65(5).
Article 7 Pilots
1. Pilots involved in the operation of aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(b) and (c), as well as flight simulation training devices, persons and organisations involved in the training, testing, checking or medical assessment of these pilots, shall comply with the relevant ‘essential requirements’ laid down in Annex III. 2. Except when under training, a person may only act as a pilot if he or she holds a licence and a medical certificate appropriate to the operation to be performed. A person shall only be issued a licence when he or she complies with the rules established to ensure compliance with the essential requirements on theoretical knowledge, practical skill, language proficiency and experience as set out in Annex III. A person shall only be issued a medical certificate when he or she complies with the rules established to ensure compliance with the essential requirements on medical fitness as set out in Annex III. This medical certificate may be issued by aero-medical examiners or by aero-medical centres. Notwithstanding the third subparagraph, in the case of a leisure pilot licence a general medical practitioner who has sufficient detailed knowledge of the applicant's medical background may, if so permitted under national law, act as an aero-medical examiner, in accordance with detailed implementing rules adopted pursuant to the procedure referred to in Article 65(3); these implementing rules shall ensure that the level of safety is maintained. The privileges granted to the pilot and the scope of the licence and the medical certificate shall be specified in such licence and certificate. The requirements of the second and third subparagraphs may be satisfied by the acceptance of licences and medical certificates issued by or on behalf of a third country as far as pilots involved in the operation of aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(c) are concerned. 3. The capability of pilot training organisations and of aero-medical centres to discharge the responsibilities associated with their privileges in relation to the issuance of licenses and medical certificates shall be recognised by the issuance of an approval. Pilot training organisations or aero-medical centres shall be issued an approval when they comply with the rules established to ensure compliance with the relevant essential requirements as laid down in Annex III. The privileges granted by the approvals shall be specified thereon. 4. A certificate shall be required in respect of each flight simulation training device used for the training of pilots. The certificate shall be issued when the applicant has shown that the device complies with the rules established to ensure compliance with the relevant essential requirements as set out in Annex III. 5. Persons responsible for providing flight training or flight simulation training, or for assessing pilots' skill, and aero-medical examiners shall hold an appropriate certificate. Such certificate shall be issued when it is shown that the person concerned complies with the rules established to ensure compliance with the relevant essential requirements as laid down in Annex III. The privileges granted by the certificate shall be specified therein. 6. The measures designed to amend non-essential elements of this Article by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 65(4). Those measures shall specify in particular: (a) the different ratings for pilots' licences and the medical certificates adequate for the different types of activities performed; (b) the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking licences, ratings for licences, medical certificates, approvals and certificates referred to in paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 5, and the conditions under which such certificates and approvals need not be requested; (c) the privileges and responsibilities of the holders of licences, ratings for licences, medical certificates, approvals and certificates referred to in paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 5; (d) the conditions for the conversion of existing national pilots' licences and of national flight engineers' licences into pilots' licences as well as the conditions for the conversion of national medical certificates into commonly recognised medical certificates; (e) without prejudice to the provisions of bilateral agreements concluded in accordance with Article 12, the conditions for the acceptance of licences from third countries; (f) how pilots of aircraft referred to in points (a)(ii), (d) and (f) of Annex II, when used for commercial air transportation, comply with the relevant essential requirements of Annex III. 7. When adopting the measures referred to in paragraph 6, the Commission shall take specific care that they reflect the state of the art, including best practices and scientific and technical progress, in the field of pilot training. Such measures shall also include provisions for the issuance of all types of pilot licences and ratings required under the Chicago Convention, and of a leisure pilot licence covering non-commercial activities involving aircraft with a maximum certificated take off mass of 2 000 kg or less and which do not meet any of the criteria referred to in Article 3(j).
Article 8 Air operations
1. The operation of aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(b) and (c) shall comply with the essential requirements set out in Annex IV and, if applicable, Annex Vb. 2. Unless otherwise determined in the implementing rules, operators engaged in commercial operations shall demonstrate their capability and means of discharging the responsibilities associated with their privileges. These capabilities and means shall be recognised through the issuance of a certificate. The privileges granted to the operator and the scope of the operations shall be specified in the certificate. 3. Unless otherwise determined in the implementing rules, operators engaged in the non-commercial operation of complex motor-powered aircraft shall declare their capability and means of discharging the responsibilities associated with the operation of that aircraft. 4. Cabin crew involved in the operation of aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(b) and (c) shall comply with the essential requirements laid down in Annex IV. Those involved in commercial operations shall hold an attestation as initially set out in Annex III, Subpart O, point (d) of OPS 1 1005 as set out in Regulation (EC) No 1899/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 ( 12 ); at the discretion of the Member State, such attestation may be issued by approved operators or training organisations. 5. The measures designed to amend non-essential elements of this Article, by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 65(4). Those measures shall specify in particular: (a) conditions to operate an aircraft in compliance with the essential requirements set out in Annex IV and, if applicable, Annex Vb; (b) conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking the certificates referred to in paragraph 2 and the conditions under which a certificate shall be replaced by a declaration of the capability and means of the operator to discharge the responsibilities associated with the operation of the aircraft; (c) privileges and responsibilities of the holders of certificates; (d) conditions and procedures for the declaration by, and for the oversight of, operators referred to in paragraph 3 and the conditions under which a declaration shall be replaced by a demonstration of capability and means to discharge the responsibilities associated with the privileges of the operator recognised by the issuance of a certificate; (e) conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking the cabin crew attestation referred to in paragraph 4; (f) conditions under which operations shall be prohibited, limited or subject to certain conditions in the interest of safety; (g) how operations of aircraft referred to in point (a)(ii) and points (d) and (h) of Annex II, when used for commercial air transportation, comply with the relevant essential requirements set out in Annex IV and, if applicable, Annex Vb. 6. The measures referred to in paragraph 5 shall: — reflect the state of the art and the best practices in the field of air operations, — define different types of operations and allow for related requirements and compliance demonstrations proportionate to the complexity of operations and the risk involved, — take into account worldwide aircraft experience in service, and scientific and technical progress, — with regard to commercial transportation by aeroplane, and without prejudice to the previous indent, be developed initially on the basis of the common technical requirements and administrative procedures specified in Annex III to Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91, — be based on a risk assessment and shall be proportional to the scale and scope of the operation, — allow for immediate reaction to established causes of accidents and serious incidents, — not impose on aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(c) requirements which would be incompatible with the ICAO obligations of Member States, — take into account the safety aspects related to ATM/ANS.
Article 8a Aerodromes
1. Aerodromes and aerodrome equipment as well as the operation of aerodromes shall comply with the essential requirements set out in Annex Va and, if applicable, Annex Vb. 2. The compliance of aerodromes, aerodrome equipment and operation of aerodromes with the essential requirements shall be established in accordance with the following: (a) a certificate shall be required in respect of each aerodrome. The certificate and certification of changes to that certificate shall be issued when the applicant has shown that the aerodrome complies with the aerodrome certification basis set out in point (b), and that the aerodrome has no feature or characteristic making it unsafe for operation. The certificate shall cover the aerodrome, its operation and its safety-related equipment; (b) the certification basis for an aerodrome shall consist of the following: (i) the applicable certification specifications related to the type of aerodromes; (ii) the provisions for which an equivalent level of safety has been accepted; and (iii) the special detailed technical specifications necessary when the design features of a particular aerodrome or the experience in operation render any of the specifications referred to in point (i) inadequate or inappropriate to ensure conformity with the essential requirements set out in Annex Va; (b) the certification basis for an aerodrome shall consist of the following: (i) the applicable certification specifications related to the type of aerodromes; (ii) the provisions for which an equivalent level of safety has been accepted; and (iii) the special detailed technical specifications necessary when the design features of a particular aerodrome or the experience in operation render any of the specifications referred to in point (i) inadequate or inappropriate to ensure conformity with the essential requirements set out in Annex Va; (c) the measures referred to in paragraph 5 may lay down a requirement of certification in respect of safety-critical aerodrome equipment. The certificate for such equipment shall be issued when the applicant has shown that the equipment complies with the detailed specifications established to ensure compliance with the essential requirements referred to in paragraph 1; (d) organisations responsible for the operation of aerodromes shall demonstrate their capability and means to discharge the responsibilities associated with their privileges. These capabilities and means shall be recognised through the issuance of the certificate referred to in point (a). They may also be recognised through the issuance of a separate certificate if the Member State where the aerodrome is located so decides. The privileges granted to the certified organisation and the scope of the certificate, including a list of aerodromes to be operated, shall be specified in the certificate; (e) by way of derogation from point (d), Member States may decide that providers of apron management services shall be allowed to declare their capability and means of discharging the responsibilities associated with the services provided. 3. Member States shall ensure that provisions are in place to safeguard aerodromes against activities and developments in their surroundings which may cause unacceptable risks to aircraft using the aerodrome. 4. Aerodrome operators shall monitor activities and developments which may cause unacceptable safety risks to aviation in the aerodrome surroundings and take, within their competence, mitigating measures as appropriate. 5. The measures designed to amend non-essential elements of the requirements referred to in this Article, by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 65(4). Those measures shall specify in particular: (a) the conditions for establishing and notifying to an applicant the certification basis applicable to an aerodrome; (b) the conditions for establishing and notifying to an applicant the detailed specifications applicable to aerodrome equipment; (c) the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, suspending or revoking certificates for aerodromes and certificates for aerodrome equipment, including operating limitations related to the specific design of the aerodrome; (d) the conditions for operating an aerodrome in compliance with the essential requirements set out in Annex Va and, if applicable, Annex Vb; (e) the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, suspending or revoking the certificates referred to in paragraph 2(d); (f) the responsibilities of the holders of certificates; (g) the conditions for the acceptance and for the conversion of aerodrome certificates issued by Member States, including measures which are already authorised by the Member State concerned on the basis of notified deviations from Annex 14 of the Chicago Convention before the entry into force of this Regulation; (h) the conditions for the decision not to permit exemptions referred to in Article 4(3b), including criteria for cargo aerodromes, the notification of exempted aerodromes and for the review of granted exemptions; (i) the conditions under which operations shall be prohibited, limited or subject to certain conditions in the interest of safety; (j) the conditions and procedures for the declaration by and for the oversight of service providers referred to in paragraph 2(e). 6. The measures referred to in paragraph 5 shall: (a) reflect the state of the art and the best practices in the field of aerodromes and take into account the applicable ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices; (b) be proportionate to the size, traffic, category and complexity of the aerodrome and nature and volume of operations thereon; (c) take into account worldwide aerodrome operation experience, and scientific and technical progress; (d) allow for immediate reaction to established causes of accidents and serious incidents; (e) provide for the necessary flexibility for customised compliance.
Article 8b ATM/ANS
1. Provision of ATM/ANS shall comply with the essential requirements set out in Annex Vb and, as far as practicable, Annex Va. 2. ATM/ANS providers shall be required to hold a certificate. The certificate shall be issued when the provider has demonstrated its capability and means of discharging the responsibilities associated with the provider’s privileges. The privileges granted and the scope of the services provided shall be specified in the certificate. 3. By way of derogation from paragraph 2, Member States may decide that providers of flight information services shall be allowed to declare their capability and means of discharging the responsibilities associated with the services provided. 4. The measures referred to in paragraph 6 may lay down a requirement for certification in respect of organisations engaged in the design, manufacture and maintenance of safety-critical ATM/ANS systems and constituents. The certificate for those organisations shall be issued when they have demonstrated their capability and means of discharging the responsibilities associated with their privileges. The privileges granted shall be specified in the certificate. 5. The measures referred to in paragraph 6 may lay down a requirement for certification, or alternatively, validation by the ATM/ANS provider, in respect of safety-critical ATM/ANS systems and constituents. The certificate for those systems and constituents shall be issued, or validation shall be given, when the applicant has shown that the systems and constituents comply with the detailed specifications established to ensure compliance with the essential requirements referred to in paragraph 1. 6. The measures necessary for the implementation of this Article shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure referred to in Article 5(3) of Regulation (EC) No 549/2004. Those measures shall specify in particular: (a) the conditions for the provision of ATM/ANS in compliance with the essential requirements set out in Annex Vb and, if applicable, in Annex Va; (b) the conditions for establishing and notifying to an applicant the detailed specifications applicable to ATM/ANS systems and constituents; (c) the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, suspending or revoking the certificates referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4; (d) the responsibilities of the holders of certificates; (e) the conditions and procedures for the declaration by, and for the oversight of service providers referred to in paragraph 3; (f) the conditions under which operations shall be prohibited, limited or subject to certain conditions in the interest of safety. 7. The measures referred to in paragraph 6 shall: (a) reflect the state of the art and the best practices in the field of ATM/ANS; (b) be proportionate to the type and complexity of the services provided; (c) take into account worldwide ATM/ANS experience, and scientific and technical progress; (d) be developed using as far as practicable the relevant provisions of Regulation (EC) No 549/2004 and of Regulation (EC) No 550/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2004 on the provision of air navigation services in the single European sky (the service provision Regulation) ( 13 ), Regulation (EC) No 551/2004 and Regulation (EC) No 552/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2004 on the interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management network (the interoperability Regulation) ( 14 ) and provide for transitional mechanisms to ensure the continuity of certificates already granted under those Regulations; initially they shall include the safety provisions of those Regulations and, where appropriate, in case of future amendments, take into account latest scientific and technical progress; (e) allow for immediate reaction to established causes of accidents and serious incidents.
Article 8c Air traffic controllers
1. Air traffic controllers as well as persons and organisations involved in the training, testing, checking or medical assessment of air traffic controllers, shall comply with the relevant essential requirements set out in Annex Vb. 2. Air traffic controllers shall be required to hold a licence and a medical certificate appropriate to the service provided. 3. The licence referred to in paragraph 2 shall only be issued when the applicant for the licence demonstrates that he or she complies with the rules established to ensure compliance with the essential requirements regarding theoretical knowledge, practical skill, language proficiency and experience as set out in Annex Vb. 4. The medical certificate referred to in paragraph 2 shall only be issued when the air traffic controller complies with the rules established to ensure compliance with the essential requirements on medical fitness as set out in Annex Vb. The medical certificate may be issued by aero medical examiners or by aero medical centres. 5. The privileges granted to the air traffic controller and the scope of the licence and the medical certificate shall be specified in such licence and certificate. 6. The capability of air traffic controller training organisations, aero medical examiners and aero medical centres to discharge the responsibilities associated with their privileges in relation to the issuance of licences and medical certificates shall be recognised by the issuance of a certificate. 7. A certificate shall be issued to training organisations, aero medical examiners and aero medical centres for air traffic controllers that have demonstrated that they comply with the rules established to ensure compliance with the relevant essential requirements as set out in Annex Vb. The privileges granted by the certificate shall be specified therein. 8. Persons responsible for providing practical training or for assessing air traffic controllers’ skill shall hold a certificate. The certificate shall be issued when the person concerned has demonstrated that he or she complies with the rules established to ensure compliance with the relevant essential requirements as set out in Annex Vb. The privileges granted by the certificate shall be specified therein. 9. Synthetic training devices shall comply with the relevant essential requirements set out in Annex Vb. 10. The measures designed to amend non-essential elements of this Article by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 65(4). Those measures shall specify in particular: (a) the different ratings and endorsements for air traffic controllers’ licences; (b) the conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking licences, ratings and endorsements for licences, medical certificates, approvals and certificates, and the conditions under which such certificates and approvals need not be requested, while providing for transitional mechanisms to ensure the continuity of approvals and certificates already granted; (c) the privileges and responsibilities of the holders of licences, ratings and endorsements for licences, medical certificates, approvals and certificates; (d) the conditions for the acceptance and for the conversion of air traffic controllers’ licences as well as the conditions for the acceptance and for the conversion of national medical certificates into commonly recognised medical certificates. 11. The measures referred to in paragraph 10 shall reflect the state of the art, including best practices and scientific and technical progress, in the field of air traffic controller training. They shall initially be developed on the basis of the provisions of Directive 2006/23/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on a Community air traffic controller licence ( 15 ).
Article 9 Aircraft used by a third-country operator into, within or out of the Community
1. Aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(d), as well as their crew and their operations, shall comply with applicable ICAO standards. To the extent that there are no such standards, these aircraft and their operations shall comply with the requirements set out in Annexes I, III, IV and, if applicable, Annex Vb, provided these requirements are not in conflict with the rights of third countries under international conventions. 2. Operators engaged in commercial operations using aircraft referred to in paragraph 1 shall demonstrate their capability and means of complying with the requirements specified in paragraph 1. The requirement referred to in the first subparagraph may be satisfied by acceptance of certificates issued by or on behalf of a third country. The capabilities and means referred to in the first subparagraph shall be recognised through the issuance of an authorisation. The privileges granted to the operator and the scope of the operations shall be specified in that authorisation. 3. Operators engaged in non-commercial operations of complex motor-powered aircraft using aircraft referred to in paragraph 1 may be required to declare their capability and means of discharging the responsibilities associated with the operation of that aircraft. 4. The measures designed to amend non-essential elements of this Article, by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 65(4). Those measures shall specify in particular: (a) how aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(d), or crew, which do not hold a standard ICAO certificate of airworthiness or licence, may be authorised to operate into, within or out of the Community; (b) conditions to operate an aircraft in compliance with the provisions of paragraph 1; (c) conditions for issuing, maintaining, amending, limiting, suspending or revoking the operator's authorisation referred to in paragraph 2, taking into account the certificates issued by the state of registry or the state of the operator, without prejudice to Regulation (EC) No 2111/2005 and its implementing rules; (d) privileges and responsibilities of the holders of authorisations; (e) conditions and procedures for the declaration by, and for the oversight of, operators referred to in paragraph 3; (f) conditions under which operations shall be prohibited, limited or subject to certain conditions in the interest of safety in accordance with Article 22(1). 5. When adopting the measures referred to in paragraph 4, the Commission shall take specific care that: (a) use is made, as appropriate, of ICAO recommended practices and guidance documents; (b) no requirement exceeds what is required from aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(b), and from the operators of such aircraft; (c) use is made, where appropriate, of measures issued in accordance with Articles 5(5) and 8(5); (d) the process by which authorisations are obtained is simple, proportionate, cost-effective and efficient in all cases, allowing for requirements and compliance demonstrations proportionate to the complexity of operations and the risk involved. The process shall in particular take account of: (i) results of the ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme; (ii) information from ramp inspections and the Safety Assessment of Foreign Aircraft Programme records; and (iii) other recognised information on safety aspects with regard to the operator concerned; (d) the process by which authorisations are obtained is simple, proportionate, cost-effective and efficient in all cases, allowing for requirements and compliance demonstrations proportionate to the complexity of operations and the risk involved. The process shall in particular take account of: (i) results of the ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme; (ii) information from ramp inspections and the Safety Assessment of Foreign Aircraft Programme records; and (iii) other recognised information on safety aspects with regard to the operator concerned; (e) safety aspects related to ATM/ANS are taken into account.
Article 10 Oversight and enforcement
1. The Member States, the Commission and the Agency shall cooperate with a view to ensuring compliance with this Regulation and its implementing rules. 2. For the purposes of the implementation of paragraph 1, Member States shall, in addition to their oversight of certificates that they have issued, conduct investigations, including ramp inspections, and shall take any measure, including the grounding of aircraft, to prevent the continuation of an infringement. 3. For the purposes of the implementation of paragraph 1, the Agency shall conduct investigations in accordance with Article 24(2) and Article 55. 4. In order to facilitate the taking of appropriate enforcement action by competent authorities, the Member States, the Commission and the Agency shall exchange information on identified infringements. 5. The measures designed to amend non-essential elements of this Article, by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 65(4). Those measures shall specify in particular: (a) conditions for the collection, exchange and dissemination of information; (b) conditions for conducting ramp inspections, including systematic ones; (c) conditions for the grounding of aircraft that do not comply with the requirements of this Regulation or its implementing rules.
Article 11 Recognition of certificates
1. Member States shall, without further technical requirements or evaluation, recognise certificates issued in accordance with this Regulation. When the original recognition is for a particular purpose or purposes, any subsequent recognition shall cover only the same purpose or purposes. 2. The Commission, on its own initiative or at the request of a Member State or of the Agency, may initiate the procedure referred to in Article 65(7) to decide whether a certificate issued in accordance with this Regulation effectively complies with this Regulation and its implementing rules. In case of non-compliance or ineffective compliance, the Commission shall require the issuer of a certificate to take appropriate corrective action and safeguard measures, such as limitation or suspension of the certificate. Moreover, the provisions of paragraph 1 shall cease to apply to the certificate from the date of the notification of the Commission's decision to the Member States. 3. When the Commission has sufficient evidence that appropriate corrective action has been taken by the issuer referred to in paragraph 2 to address the case of non-compliance or ineffective compliance and that the safeguard measures are no longer necessary, it shall decide that the provisions of paragraph 1 apply again to this certificate. These provisions shall apply as from the date of the notification of this decision to the Member States. 4. Pending the entry into effect of the measures referred to in Articles 5(5), 7(6) and 9(4) and the expiry of any transition periods provided for by those measures, and without prejudice to Article 69(4), certificates which cannot be issued in accordance with this Regulation may be issued on the basis of the applicable national regulations. 5. Pending the entry into effect of the measures referred to in Article 8(5) and the expiry of any transition periods provided for by those measures, and without prejudice to Article 69(4), certificates which cannot be issued in accordance with this Regulation may be issued on the basis of the applicable national regulations. 5a. Pending the entry into effect of the measures referred to in Articles 8a(5) and 8c(10) and the expiry of any transition periods provided for by those measures, and without prejudice to Article 69(4), certificates which cannot be issued in accordance with this Regulation may be issued on the basis of the applicable national regulations. 5b. Pending the entry into effect of the measures referred to in Article 8b(6) and the expiry of any transition periods provided for by those measures, and without prejudice to Article 69(4), certificates which cannot be issued in accordance with this Regulation may be issued on the basis of the applicable national regulations or, where applicable, on the basis of the relevant requirements of Commission Regulation (EC) No 2096/2005 of 20 December 2005 laying down common requirements for the provision of air navigation services ( 16 ). 6. The provisions of this Article shall be without prejudice to Regulation (EC) No 2111/2005 and its implementing rules.
Article 12 Acceptance of third-country certification
1. By way of derogation from the provisions of this Regulation and its implementing rules, the Agency or the aviation authorities in the Member State may issue certificates on the basis of certificates issued by aeronautical authorities of a third country, as provided for in recognition agreements between the Community and that third country. (a) In the absence of an agreement concluded by the Community, a Member State or the Agency may issue certificates on the basis of certifications issued by the competent authorities of a third country in application of an agreement concluded by that Member State with the third country in question before the entry into force of the related provisions of this Regulation and notified to the Commission and the other Member States. The Agency may also issue such certificates on behalf of any Member State in application of an agreement concluded by one of the Member States with the third country in question. (b) If the Commission considers that: — the provisions of an agreement between a Member State and a third country would not provide for a level of safety equivalent to that specified by this Regulation and its implementing rules, and/or — such agreement would discriminate among Member States without compelling safety reasons or is contrary to Community foreign policy vis-à-vis a third country, it may, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 65(2), require the Member State concerned to modify the agreement, to suspend its application or to renounce it, in accordance with Article 307 of the Treaty. (b) If the Commission considers that: — the provisions of an agreement between a Member State and a third country would not provide for a level of safety equivalent to that specified by this Regulation and its implementing rules, and/or — such agreement would discriminate among Member States without compelling safety reasons or is contrary to Community foreign policy vis-à-vis a third country, it may, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 65(2), require the Member State concerned to modify the agreement, to suspend its application or to renounce it, in accordance with Article 307 of the Treaty. (c) Member States shall take the necessary measures to renounce agreements as soon as possible after the entry into force of an agreement between the Community and the third country in question, for those domains covered by that latter agreement.
Article 13 Qualified entities
When allocating a specific certification task to a qualified entity, the Agency or the national aviation authority concerned shall ensure that such entity comply with the criteria laid down in Annex V. Qualified entities shall not issue certificates.
Article 14 Flexibility provisions
1. The provisions of this Regulation and of its implementing rules shall not prevent a Member State from reacting immediately to a safety problem which involves a product, person or organisation subject to the provisions of this Regulation. The Member State shall immediately notify the Agency, the Commission and the other Member States of the measures taken and the reasons therefor. (a) The Agency shall assess whether the safety problem can be addressed within the powers conferred on it in accordance with Article 18(d). In this case it shall, within one month of being notified pursuant to paragraph 1, take the appropriate decision. (b) If the Agency concludes that the safety problem cannot be addressed in accordance with point (a), it shall, within the period referred to in that point, issue a recommendation in accordance with Article 18(b) as to whether this Regulation or its implementing rules should be amended and whether the notified measures should be withdrawn or maintained. 3. The measures designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation, inter alia , by supplementing it, and relating to whether an inadequate level of safety or a shortcoming in this Regulation or its implementing rules justify initiating their amendment and whether the measures adopted pursuant to paragraph 1 may be continued, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 65(6). In such a case the measures shall be implemented as appropriate by all Member States and the provisions of Article 11 shall apply to such measures. If the measures are found not to be justified, they shall be revoked by the Member State concerned. 4. Member States may grant exemptions from the substantive requirements laid down in this Regulation and its implementing rules in the event of unforeseen urgent operational circumstances or operational needs of a limited duration, provided the level of safety is not adversely affected. The Agency, the Commission and the other Member States shall be notified of any such exemptions as soon as they become repetitive or where they are granted for periods of more than two months. 5. The Agency shall assess whether the exemptions notified by a Member State are less restrictive than the applicable Community provisions and, within one month of being notified thereof, shall issue a recommendation in accordance with Article 18(b) on whether these exemptions comply with the general safety objectives of this Regulation or any other rule of Community law. If an exemption does not comply with the general safety objectives of this Regulation or any other rule of Community law, the Commission shall take a decision not to permit the exemption in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 65(7). In such a case, the Member State concerned shall revoke the exemption. 6. Where an equivalent level of protection to that attained by the application of the rules implementing this Regulation can be achieved by other means, Member States may, without discrimination on grounds of nationality, grant an approval derogating from those implementing rules. In such cases, the Member State concerned shall notify the Agency and the Commission that it intends to grant such an approval, and shall give reasons demonstrating the need to derogate from the rule concerned, as well as the conditions laid down to ensure that an equivalent level of protection is achieved. 7. Within two months of being notified in accordance with paragraph 6, the Agency shall issue a recommendation in accordance with Article 18(b) on whether an approval proposed in accordance with paragraph 6 fulfils the conditions laid down in that paragraph. The measures designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation, by supplementing it, relating to whether a proposed approval may be granted shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 65(6) within one month of receiving the Agency's recommendation. In such a case, the Commission shall notify its decision to all Member States, which shall also be entitled to apply that measure. The provisions of Article 15 shall apply to the measure in question.
Article 15 Information network
1. The Commission, the Agency and the national aviation authorities shall exchange any information available to them in the context of the application of this Regulation and its implementing rules. Entities entrusted with the investigation of civil aviation accidents and incidents, or with the analysis of occurrences, are entitled to access to that information. 2. Without prejudice to the public's right of access to the Commission's documents as laid down in Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001, the Commission shall adopt, in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 65(3), measures for the dissemination to interested parties on its own initiative of the information referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. These measures, which may be generic or individual, shall be based on the need: (a) to provide persons and organisations with the information they need to improve aviation safety; (b) to limit the dissemination of information to what is strictly required for the purpose of its users, in order to ensure appropriate confidentiality of that information. 3. The national aviation authorities shall, in accordance with their national legislation, take necessary measures to ensure appropriate confidentiality of the information received by them pursuant to paragraph 1. 4. In order to inform the public of the general safety level, a safety review shall be published annually by the Agency. From the entry into force of the measures referred to in Article 10(5), this safety review shall contain an analysis of all information received pursuant to Article 10. This analysis shall be simple and easy to understand and shall indicate whether there are increased safety risks. In this analysis, the sources of information shall not be revealed.
Article 16 Protection of the source of information
1. Where the information referred to in Article 15(1) is provided by a natural person on a voluntary basis to the Commission or the Agency, the source of such information shall not be revealed. When the information has been provided to a national authority, the source of such information shall be protected in accordance with national legislation. 2. Without prejudice to applicable rules of criminal law, Member States shall refrain from instituting proceedings in respect of unpremeditated or unintentional infringements of the law which come to their attention only because they have been reported pursuant to this Regulation and its implementing rules. This rule shall not apply in cases of gross negligence. 3. Without prejudice to applicable rules of criminal law, and in accordance with the procedures set out in national law and practice, Member States shall ensure that employees who provide information in application of this Regulation and its implementing rules are not subject to any prejudice on the part of their employer. 4. This Article shall apply without prejudice to national rules relating to access to information by judicial authorities.
Article 17 Establishment and functions of the Agency
1. For the purpose of the implementation of this Regulation, a European Aviation Safety Agency shall be established. 2. For the purposes of ensuring the proper functioning and development of civil aviation safety, the Agency shall: (a) undertake any task and formulate opinions on all matters covered by Article 1(1); (b) assist the Commission by preparing measures to be taken for the implementation of this Regulation. Where these comprise technical rules and in particular rules relating to construction, design and operational aspects, the Commission may not change their content without prior coordination with the Agency. The Agency shall also provide the Commission with the necessary technical, scientific and administrative support to carry out its tasks; (c) take the necessary measures within the powers conferred on it by this Regulation or other Community legislation; (d) conduct inspections and investigations as necessary to fulfil its tasks; (e) in its fields of competence, carry out, on behalf of Member States, functions and tasks ascribed to them by applicable international conventions, in particular the Chicago Convention.
Article 18 Agency measures
The Agency shall, where appropriate: (a) issue opinions addressed to the Commission; (b) issue recommendations addressed to the Commission for the application of Article 14; (c) issue certification specifications and acceptable means of compliance, as well as any guidance material for the application of this Regulation and its implementing rules; (d) take the appropriate decisions for the application of Articles 20, 21, 22, 22a, 22b, 23, 54 and 55 including the granting of exemptions to holders of certificates it has issued, from the substantive requirements laid down in this Regulation and its implementing rules in the event of unforeseen urgent operational circumstances or operational needs of a limited duration, provided that the level of safety is not affected, that they are granted for a period not exceeding two months, that they are notified to the Commission and that they are not renewed; (e) issue the reports following standardisation inspections carried out pursuant to Articles 24(1) and 54.
Article 19 Opinions, certification specifications and guidance material
1. In order to assist the Commission in the preparation of proposals for basic principles, applicability and essential requirements to be presented to the European Parliament and to the Council and the adoption of the implementing rules, the Agency shall prepare drafts thereof. These drafts shall be submitted by the Agency as opinions to the Commission. 2. The Agency shall, in accordance with Article 52 and the implementing rules adopted by the Commission, develop: (a) certification specifications and acceptable means of compliance; and (b) guidance material; to be used in the certification process. These documents shall reflect the state of the art and the best practices in the fields concerned and be updated taking into account worldwide aircraft experience in service, and scientific and technical progress.
Article 20 Airworthiness and environmental certification
1. With regard to the products, parts and appliances referred to in Article 4(1)(a) and (b), the Agency shall, where applicable and as specified in the Chicago Convention or its Annexes, carry out on behalf of Member States the functions and tasks of the state of design, manufacture or registry when related to design approval. To that end, it shall in particular: (a) for each product for which a type-certificate or a change to a type-certificate is requested, establish and notify the type-certification basis. That certification basis consists of the applicable airworthiness code, the provisions for which an equivalent level of safety has been accepted and the special detailed technical specifications necessary when the design features of a particular product or the experience in operation render any of the airworthiness code provisions inadequate or inappropriate to ensure conformity with essential requirements; (b) for each product for which a restricted certificate of airworthiness is requested, establish and notify the specific airworthiness specifications; (c) for each part or appliance for which a certificate is requested, establish and notify the detailed airworthiness specifications; (d) for each product for which environmental certification is required in accordance with Article 6, establish and notify the appropriate environmental requirements; (e) conduct, itself or through national aviation authorities or qualified entities, investigations associated with products, parts and appliances certification; (f) issue the appropriate type-certificates or associated changes; (g) issue certificates for parts and appliances; (h) issue the appropriate environmental certificates; (i) amend, suspend or revoke the relevant certificate when the conditions according to which it was issued are no longer fulfilled or if the legal or natural person holding the certificate fails to fulfil the obligations imposed on it by this Regulation or its implementing rules; (j) ensure the continuing airworthiness functions associated with the products, parts and appliances which are under its oversight, including reacting without undue delay to a safety problem and issuing and disseminating the applicable mandatory information; (k) for aircraft for which a permit to fly is to be issued, establish airworthiness standards and procedures to comply with Article 5(4)(a); (l) issue permits to fly to aircraft for the purpose of certification under the control of the Agency, in agreement with the Member State in which the aircraft is registered or is to be registered. 2. With regard to organisations, the Agency shall: (a) conduct, itself or through national aviation authorities or qualified entities, inspections and audits of the organisations it certifies; (b) issue and renew the certificates of: (i) design organisations; or (ii) production organisations located within the territory of the Member States, if requested by the Member State concerned; or (iii) production and maintenance organisations located outside the territory of the Member States; (b) issue and renew the certificates of: (i) design organisations; or (ii) production organisations located within the territory of the Member States, if requested by the Member State concerned; or (iii) production and maintenance organisations located outside the territory of the Member States; (c) amend, suspend or revoke the relevant organisation certificate when the conditions according to which it was issued are no longer fulfilled, or if the organisation concerned fails to fulfil the obligations imposed on it by this Regulation or its implementing rules.
Article 21 Pilot certification
1. With regard to the personnel and organisations referred to in Article 7(1), the Agency shall: (a) conduct, itself or through national aviation authorities or qualified entities, investigations and audits of the organisations it certifies and, where relevant, their personnel; (b) issue and renew the certificates of pilot training organisations and aero-medical centres located outside the territory of the Member States and, where relevant, their personnel; (c) amend, limit, suspend or revoke the relevant certificate when the conditions according to which it was issued by it are no longer fulfilled, or if the legal or natural person holding the certificate fails to fulfil the obligations imposed on it by this Regulation or its implementing rules. 2. With regard to the flight simulation training devices referred to in Article 7(1), the Agency shall: (a) conduct, itself or through national aviation authorities or qualified entities, technical inspections of the devices it certifies; (b) issue and renew the certificates of: (i) flight simulation training devices used by training organisations certified by the Agency; or (ii) flight simulation training devices located within the territory of the Member States, if requested by the Member State concerned; (iii) flight simulation training devices located outside the territory of the Member States; (b) issue and renew the certificates of: (i) flight simulation training devices used by training organisations certified by the Agency; or (ii) flight simulation training devices located within the territory of the Member States, if requested by the Member State concerned; (iii) flight simulation training devices located outside the territory of the Member States; (c) amend, limit, suspend or revoke the relevant certificate when the conditions according to which it was issued are no longer fulfilled, or if the legal or natural person holding the certificate fails to fulfil the obligations imposed on it by this Regulation or its implementing rules.
Article 22 Air operation certification
1. The Agency shall react without undue delay to a problem affecting the safety of air operations by determining corrective action and by disseminating related information, including to the Member States. 2. With regard to flight time limitation: (a) the Agency shall issue the applicable certification specifications to ensure compliance with essential requirements and, as appropriate, the related implementing rules. Initially, the implementing rules shall include all substantive provisions of Subpart Q of Annex III to Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91, taking into account the latest scientific and technical evidence; (b) a Member State may approve individual flight time specification schemes which deviate from the certification specifications referred to in point (a). In this case the Member State shall without delay notify the Agency, the Commission and the other Member States that it intends to grant approval for such an individual scheme; (c) upon notification the Agency shall, within one month, assess the individual scheme on the basis of a scientific and medical evaluation. Thereafter the Member State concerned may grant the approval as notified, unless the Agency has discussed the scheme with that Member State and proposed changes thereto. Should the Member State agree with these changes, it may grant the approval accordingly; (d) in the event of unforeseen urgent operational circumstances or operational needs of limited duration and non-repetitive nature, derogations to certification specifications may apply provisionally until the Agency expresses its opinion; (e) should a Member State disagree with the Agency's conclusions concerning an individual scheme, it shall refer the issue to the Commission to decide whether that scheme complies with the safety objectives of this Regulation, in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 65(3); (f) the contents of individual schemes which are acceptable to the Agency, or on which the Commission has taken a positive decision in accordance with point (e), shall be published.
Article 22a ATM/ANS
With regard to ATM/ANS referred to in Article 4(3c) the Agency shall: (a) conduct, itself or through national aviation authorities or qualified entities, inspections, and audits of the organisations it certifies; (b) issue and renew certificates of organisations located outside the territory subject to the provisions of the Treaty, responsible for providing services in the airspace of the territory to which the Treaty applies; (c) issue and renew certificates of organisations providing pan-European services; (d) amend, suspend or revoke the relevant certificate, when the conditions according to which it was issued are no longer fulfilled or if the holder of the certificate fails to fulfil the obligations imposed on it by this Regulation or by its implementing rules.
Article 22b Air traffic controller certification
With regard to the persons and organisations referred to in Article 8c(1), the Agency shall: (a) conduct, itself or through national aviation authorities or qualified entities, investigations and audits of the organisations it certifies and, where relevant, their personnel; (b) issue and renew the certificates of air traffic controller training organisations located outside the territory of the Member States and, where relevant, their personnel; (c) amend, suspend or revoke the relevant certificate when the conditions according to which it was issued by it are no longer fulfilled, or if the legal or natural person holding the certificate fails to fulfil the obligations imposed on it by this Regulation or its implementing rules.
Article 23 Third-country operators
1. With regard to operators of aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(d) engaged in commercial operations, the Agency shall: (a) conduct, itself or through national aviation authorities or qualified entities, investigations and audits; (b) issue and renew the authorisations referred to in Article 9(2), unless a Member State carries out the functions and tasks of the state of operator in respect of these operators; (c) amend, limit, suspend or revoke the relevant authorisation when the conditions according to which it was issued by it are no longer fulfilled, or if the organisation concerned fails to fulfil the obligations imposed on it by this Regulation or its implementing rules. 2. With regard to operators of aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(d) not engaged in commercial operations, the Agency shall: (a) receive the declarations referred to in Article 9(3); and (b) conduct, itself or through national aviation authorities or qualified entities, the oversight of operators from which it has received a declaration. 3. With regard to aircraft referred to in Article 4(1)(d), the Agency shall issue authorisations in accordance with Article 9(4)(a).
Article 24 Monitoring the application of the rules
1. The Agency shall conduct standardisation inspections in the fields covered by Article 1(1), in order to monitor the application by national competent authorities of this Regulation and of its implementing rules, and shall report to the Commission. 2. The Agency shall conduct investigations of undertakings to monitor the application of this Regulation and its implementing rules. 3. The Agency shall assess the impact of the implementation of this Regulation and its implementing rules, having regard to the objectives set out in Article 2. 4. The Agency shall be consulted on, and issue recommendations to the Commission for, the application of Article 14. 5. The working methods of the Agency for conducting the tasks referred to in paragraphs 1, 3 and 4 shall be subject to requirements to be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 65(2), taking into account the principles laid down in Articles 52 and 53.
Article 25 Fines and periodic penalty payments
1. Without prejudice to Articles 20 and 55, at the Agency's request the Commission may: (a) impose on the persons and the undertakings to which the Agency has issued a certificate, fines, where, intentionally or negligently, the provisions of this Regulation and its implementing rules have been breached; (b) impose, on the persons and undertakings to which the Agency has issued a certificate, periodic penalty payments, calculated from the date set in the decision, in order to compel those persons and undertakings to comply with the provisions of this Regulation and its implementing rules. 2. The fines and periodic penalty payments referred to in paragraph 1 shall be dissuasive and proportionate to both the gravity of the case and the economic capacity of the certificate holder concerned, taking into particular account the extent to which safety has been compromised. The amount of the fines shall not exceed 4 % of the annual income or turnover of the certificate holder. The amount of the periodic penalty shall not exceed 2,5 % of the average daily income or turnover of the certificate holder. 3. The Commission shall adopt, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 65(3), the detailed rules for the implementation of this Article. In doing so, it shall specify in particular: (a) detailed criteria for establishing the amount of the fine or periodic penalty payment; and (b) procedures for enquiries, associated measures and reporting, as well as rules of procedure for decision-making, including provisions on rights of defence, access to file, legal representation, confidentiality and temporal provisions and the quantification and collection of fines and periodic penalty payments. 4. The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall have unlimited jurisdiction to review decisions whereby the Commission has fixed a fine or periodic penalty payment. It may cancel, reduce or increase the fine or periodic penalty payment imposed. 5. Decisions taken pursuant to paragraph 1 shall not be of a criminal law nature.
Article 26 Research
1. The Agency may develop and finance research in so far as is strictly related to the improvement of activities in its field of competence, without prejudice to Community law. 2. The Agency shall coordinate its research and development activities with those of the Commission and the Member States so as to ensure that policies and actions are mutually consistent. 3. The results of research funded by the Agency shall be published, provided the Agency does not classify them as confidential.
Article 27 International relations
1. The Agency shall assist the Community and the Member States in their relations with third countries in accordance with the relevant Community law. It shall, in particular, assist in the harmonising of rules and mutual recognition regarding approvals attesting the satisfactory application of rules. 2. The Agency may cooperate with the aeronautical authorities of third countries and the international organisations competent in matters covered by this Regulation in the framework of working arrangements concluded with those bodies, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Treaty. Such arrangements shall have received the Commission's prior approval. 3. The Agency shall assist Member States to respect their international obligations, in particular those under the Chicago Convention.
Article 28 Legal status, location, local offices
1. The Agency shall be a body of the Community. It shall have legal personality. 2. In each of the Member States, the Agency shall enjoy the most extensive legal capacity accorded to legal persons under their laws. It may, in particular, acquire or dispose of movable and immovable property and may be a party to legal proceedings. 3. The Agency may establish its own local offices in the Member States, subject to their consent. 4. The Agency shall be represented by its Executive Director.
Article 29 Staff
1. The Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Communities, the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Communities and the rules adopted jointly by the institutions of the European Communities for purposes of the application of those Staff Regulations and Conditions of Employment shall apply to the staff of the Agency, without prejudice to the application of Article 39 of this Regulation to the members of the Board of Appeal. 2. Without prejudice to Article 42, the powers conferred on the appointing authority by the Staff Regulations and the Conditions of Employment shall be exercised by the Agency in respect of its own staff. 3. The Agency's staff shall consist of a strictly limited number of officials assigned or seconded by the Commission or Member States to carry out management duties. The remaining staff shall consist of other employees recruited by the Agency as necessary to carry out its tasks.
Article 30 Privileges and immunities
The Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities of the European Communities annexed to the Treaties establishing the European Community and the European Atomic Energy Community shall apply to the Agency.
Article 31 Liability
1. The contractual liability of the Agency shall be governed by the law applicable to the contract in question. 2. The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall have jurisdiction to give judgment pursuant to any arbitration clause contained in a contract concluded by the Agency. 3. In the case of non-contractual liability, the Agency shall, in accordance with the general principles common to the laws of the Member States, make good any damage caused by its services or by its servants in the performance of their duties. 4. The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall have jurisdiction in disputes relating to compensation for any damage as referred to in paragraph 3. 5. The personal liability of its servants towards the Agency shall be governed by the provisions laid down in the Staff Regulations or Conditions of Employment applicable to them.
Article 32 Publication of documents
1. Without prejudice to decisions taken on the basis of Article 290 of the Treaty, the following documents shall be produced in all official languages of the Community: (a) the safety review referred to in Article 15(4); (b) opinions addressed to the Commission pursuant to Article 19(1); (c) the annual general report and programme of work referred to in Article 33(2)(b) and (c) respectively. 2. The translation services required for the functioning of the Agency shall be provided by the Translation Centre for bodies of the European Union.
Article 33 Powers of the Management Board
1. The Agency shall have a Management Board. 2. The Management Board shall: (a) appoint the Executive Director, and the Directors on a proposal from the Executive Director, in accordance with Article 39; (b) adopt the annual general report on the Agency's activities and forward it by 15 June at the latest to the European Parliament, the Council, the Commission, the Court of Auditors and the Member States; acting on behalf of the Agency, it shall forward annually to the European Parliament and the Council (hereinafter referred to as budgetary authority) any information relevant to the outcome of the evaluation procedures, in particular, information concerning the effects or consequences of changes in the tasks assigned to the Agency; (c) before 30 November each year, and after receiving the opinion of the Commission, adopt the Agency's programme of work for the coming year and forward it to the European Parliament, the Council, the Commission and the Member States; this programme of work shall be adopted without prejudice to the annual Community budgetary procedure and the Community legislative programme in relevant areas of aviation safety; the opinion of the Commission shall be attached to the programme of work; (d) adopt guidelines for the allocation of certification tasks to national aviation authorities and qualified entities in agreement with the Commission; (e) establish procedures for making decisions by the Executive Director as referred to in Articles 52 and 53; (f) carry out its functions relating to the Agency's budget pursuant to Articles 59, 60 and 63; (g) appoint the members of the Board of Appeal pursuant to Article 41; (h) exercise disciplinary authority over the Executive Director and over the Directors in agreement with the Executive Director; (i) give its opinion on the measures relating to fees and charges as referred to in Article 64(1); (j) establish its Rules of Procedure; (k) decide on the linguistic arrangements for the Agency; (l) complement, where appropriate, the list of documents referred to in Article 32(1); (m) establish the organisational structure of the Agency and adopt the Agency's staffing policy. 3. The Management Board may advise the Executive Director on any matter strictly related to the strategic development of aviation safety, including research as defined in Article 26. 4. The Management Board shall establish an advisory body of interested parties, which it shall consult prior to making decisions in the fields referred to in paragraph 2(c), (e), (f) and (i). The Management Board may also decide to consult the advisory body on other issues referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3. The Management Board shall not be bound by the opinion of the advisory body. 5. The Management Board may establish working bodies to assist in carrying out its functions, including the preparation of its decisions and monitoring the implementation thereof.
Article 34 Composition of the Management Board
1. The Management Board shall be composed of one representative of each Member State and one representative of the Commission. Members shall be selected on the basis of their recognised experience and commitment in the field of civil aviation, their managerial capabilities and their expertise, which are to be used to further the objectives of this Regulation. The competent committee of the European Parliament shall be fully informed accordingly. Each Member State shall appoint a member of the Management Board as well as an alternate who will represent the member in his/her absence. The Commission shall also designate its representative and alternate. The duration of the terms of office shall be five years. This term of office shall be renewable. 2. Where appropriate, the participation of representatives of European third countries and the conditions of such participation shall be established in the arrangements referred to in Article 66. 3. The advisory body referred to in Article 33(4) shall appoint four of its members to participate as observers in the Management Board. They shall represent, as broadly as possible, the different views represented in the advisory body. The duration of their term of office shall be 30 months, renewable once.
Article 35 Chairmanship of the Management Board
1. The Management Board shall elect a Chairperson and a Deputy Chairperson from among its members. The Deputy Chairperson shall ex officio replace the Chairperson in the event of his/her being prevented from attending to his/her duties. 2. The terms of office of the Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson shall expire when their membership of the Management Board ceases. Subject to this, the duration of the terms of office of the Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson shall be three years. These terms of office shall be renewable once.
Article 36 Meetings
1. Meetings of the Management Board shall be convened by its Chairperson. 2. The Executive Director of the Agency shall take part in the deliberations. 3. The Management Board shall hold at least two ordinary meetings a year. In addition it shall meet at the instance of the Chairperson or at the request of at least one third of its members. 4. The Management Board may invite any person whose opinion might be of interest to attend its meetings as an observer. 5. The members of the Management Board may, subject to the provisions of its Rules of Procedure, be assisted by advisers or experts. 6. The secretariat of the Management Board shall be provided by the Agency.
Article 37 Voting
1. Without prejudice to Article 39(1), the Management Board shall take its decisions by a two-thirds majority of its members. At the request of a member of the Management Board, the decision referred to in Article 33(2)(k) shall be taken by unanimity. 2. Each member designated pursuant to Article 34(1) shall have one vote. In the absence of a Member, his/her alternate shall be entitled to exercise his/her right to vote. Neither observers nor the Executive Director of the Agency shall vote. 3. The Rules of Procedure shall establish more detailed voting arrangements, in particular the conditions under which a member may act on behalf of another member as well as any quorum requirements, where appropriate.
Article 38 Functions and powers of the Executive Director
1. The Agency shall be managed by its Executive Director, who shall be completely independent in the performance of his/her duties. Without prejudice to the competencies of the Commission and the Management Board, the Executive Director shall neither seek nor take instructions from any government or from any other body. 2. The European Parliament or the Council may invite the Executive Director to report on the carrying out of his/her tasks. 3. The Executive Director shall have the following functions and powers: (a) to approve the measures of the Agency as defined in Article 18 within the limits specified by this Regulation, its implementing rules and any applicable law; (b) to decide on inspections and investigations as provided for in Articles 54 and 55; (c) to allocate certification tasks to national aviation authorities or qualified entities according to guidelines set by the Management Board; (d) to undertake any international functions and technical cooperation with third countries pursuant to Article 27; (e) to take all necessary steps, including the adoption of internal administrative instructions and the publication of notices, to ensure the functioning of the Agency in accordance with the provisions of this Regulation; (f) to prepare each year a draft general report and submit it to the Management Board; (g) to exercise in respect of the Agency's staff the powers laid down in Article 29(2); (h) to draw up estimates of the revenues and expenditure of the Agency pursuant to Article 59, and to implement the budget pursuant to Article 60; (i) to delegate his/her powers to other members of the Agency's staff subject to rules to be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 65(2); (j) with the consent of the Management Board, to take decisions regarding the establishment of local offices in the Member States in accordance with Article 28(3); (k) to prepare and to implement the annual programme of work; (l) to respond to requests for assistance from the Commission.
Article 39 Appointment of senior officials
1. The Executive Director shall be appointed on grounds of merit and of documented competence and experience relevant for civil aviation. The Executive Director shall be appointed or dismissed by the Management Board on a proposal from the Commission. The Management Board shall take its decision by a three-quarters majority of its members. Before being appointed, the candidate selected by the Management Board may be asked to make a declaration before the competent committee or committees of the European Parliament and answer questions from its, or their, members. 2. The Executive Director may be assisted by one or more Directors. If the Executive Director is absent or indisposed, one of the Directors shall take his/her place. 3. The Directors of the Agency shall be appointed on grounds of professional competence relevant for civil aviation. The Directors shall be appointed or dismissed by the Management Board on a proposal from the Executive Director. 4. The terms of office of the Executive Director and the Directors shall be five years. The term of office of the Directors shall be renewable and the term of office of the Executive Director shall be renewable only once.
Article 40 Powers of the Boards of Appeal
1. One or more Boards of Appeal shall be established within the Agency. 2. The Board or Boards of Appeal shall be responsible for deciding on appeals against the decisions referred to in Article 44. 3. The Board or Boards of Appeal shall be convened as necessary. The number of boards of Appeal and the work allocated to it or them shall be determined by the Commission acting in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 65(3).
Article 41 Composition of the Boards of Appeal
1. A Board of Appeal shall consist of a Chairperson and two other members. 2. The Chairperson and the other members shall have alternates to represent them in their absence. 3. The Chairperson, the other members and their alternates shall be appointed by the Management Board from a list of qualified candidates adopted by the Commission. 4. Where the Board of Appeal considers that the nature of the appeal so requires, it may call up to two further members from the list referred to in paragraph 3. 5. The qualifications required for the members of each Board of Appeal, the powers of individual members in the preparatory phase of decisions and the voting conditions shall be determined by the Commission acting in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 65(3).
Article 42 Members of the Board of Appeal
1. The term of office of the members of a Board of Appeal, including the Chairperson and any alternates, shall be five years. This term shall be renewable. 2. The members of a Board of Appeal shall be independent. In making their decisions they shall not be bound by any instructions. 3. The members of a Board of Appeal may not perform any other duties within the Agency. The members of a Board of Appeal may work on a part-time basis. 4. The members of a Board of Appeal may not be removed from office or from the list of qualified candidates during their term of office, unless there are serious grounds for such removal and the Commission, after obtaining the opinion of the Management Board, takes a decision to that effect.
Article 43 Exclusion and objection
1. The members of a Board of Appeal may not take part in any appeal proceedings if they have any personal interest therein, if they have previously been involved as representatives of one of the parties to the proceedings, or if they participated in the decision under appeal. 2. If, for one of the reasons listed in paragraph 1 or for any other reason, a member of a Board of Appeal considers that he/she should not take part in any appeal proceeding, he/she shall inform the Board of Appeal accordingly. 3. Members of a Board of Appeal may be objected to by any party to the appeal proceedings on any of the grounds given in paragraph 1, or if any such member is suspected of partiality. Any such objection shall not be admissible if, while being aware of a reason for objecting, the party to the appeal proceedings has taken a procedural step. No objection may be based on the nationality of members. 4. The Boards of Appeal shall decide as to the action to be taken in the cases specified in paragraphs 2 and 3 without the participation of the member concerned. For the purposes of taking this decision, the member concerned shall be replaced on the Board of Appeal by his/her alternate.
Article 44 Decisions subject to appeal
1. An appeal may be brought against decisions of the Agency taken pursuant to Articles 20, 21, 22, 22a, 22b, 23, 55 or 64. 2. An appeal lodged pursuant to paragraph 1 shall not have suspensory effect. The Agency may, however, if it considers that circumstances so permit, suspend the application of the decision appealed against. 3. An appeal against a decision which does not terminate proceedings as regards one of the parties may only be made in conjunction with an appeal against the final decision, unless the decision provides for separate appeal.
Article 45 Persons entitled to appeal
Any natural or legal person may appeal against a decision addressed to that person, or against a decision which, although in the form of a decision addressed to another person, is of direct and individual concern to the former. The parties to proceedings may be party to the appeal proceedings.
Article 46 Time limit and form
The appeal, together with the statement of grounds thereof, shall be filed in writing at the Agency within two months of the notification of the measure to the person concerned, or, in the absence thereof, of the day on which it came to the knowledge of the latter, as the case may be.
Article 47 Interlocutory revision
1. If the Executive Director considers the appeal to be admissible and well founded, he/she shall rectify the decision. This shall not apply where the appellant is opposed to another party to the appeal proceedings. 2. If the decision is not rectified within one month after receipt of the statement of grounds for the appeal, the Agency shall forthwith decide whether or not to suspend the application of the decision pursuant to the second sentence of Article 44(2), and shall remit the appeal to the Board of Appeal.
Article 48 Examination of appeals
1. If the appeal is admissible, the Board of Appeal shall examine whether it is well founded. 2. When examining the appeal pursuant to paragraph 1, the Board of Appeal shall act expeditiously. It shall as often as necessary invite the parties to the appeal proceedings to file, within specified time limits, observations on notifications issued by itself or on communications from other parties to the appeal proceedings. Parties to the appeal proceedings shall be entitled to make oral presentations.
Article 49 Decisions on appeal
The Board of Appeal may exercise any power which lies within the competence of the Agency or may remit the case to the competent body of the Agency. The latter shall be bound by the decision of the Board of Appeal.
Article 50 Actions before the Court of Justice
1. Actions may be brought before the Court of Justice of the European Communities for the annulment of acts of the Agency which are legally binding on third parties, for failure to act and for damages caused by the Agency in the course of its activities. 2. Actions for the annulment of decisions of the Agency taken pursuant to Articles 20, 21, 22, 22a, 22b, 23, 55 or 64 may be brought before the Court of Justice of the European Communities only after all appeal procedures within the Agency have been exhausted. 3. The Agency shall take all necessary measures to comply with the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Communities.
Article 51 Direct appeal
Member States and the Community institutions may lodge a direct appeal before the Court of Justice of the European Communities against decisions of the Agency.
Article 52 Procedures for the development of opinions, certification specifications and guidance material
As soon as possible after the entry into force of this Regulation, the Management Board shall establish transparent procedures for issuing opinions, certification specifications, acceptable means of compliance and guidance material referred to in Article 18(a) and(c). Those procedures shall: (a) draw on expertise available in the aviation regulatory authorities of Member States; (b) whenever necessary, involve appropriate experts from relevant interested parties; (c) ensure that the Agency publishes documents and consults widely with interested parties, according to a timetable and a procedure which includes an obligation on the Agency to make a written response to the consultation process. 2. When the Agency, pursuant to Article 19, develops opinions, certification specifications, acceptable means of compliance and guidance material to be applied by Member States, it shall establish a procedure for consulting the Member States. To this effect, it may create a working group in which each Member State is entitled to designate an expert. 3. Measures referred to in Article 18(a) and (c) and the procedures established pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article shall be published in an official publication of the Agency. 4. Special procedures shall be established to address immediate action to be taken by the Agency to react to a safety problem and to inform the relevant interested parties of the action they are to take.
Article 53 Procedures for taking decisions
1. The Management Board shall establish transparent procedures for taking individual decisions as provided for in Article 18(d). Those procedures shall: (a) ensure the hearing of the natural or legal person to be addressed in the decision and of any other party with a direct and individual concern; (b) provide for notification of the decision to natural or legal persons and for its publication; (c) provide for the natural or legal person to whom the decision is addressed, and any other parties to proceedings, to be informed of the legal remedies available to that person under this Regulation; (d) ensure that the decision contains reasons. 2. The Management Board shall establish procedures specifying the conditions under which decisions are notified while taking due account of the appeal procedure. 3. Special procedures shall be established to address immediate action to be taken by the Agency to react to a safety problem and to inform the relevant interested parties of the action they are to take.
Article 54 Inspections of Member States
1. Without prejudice to the enforcement powers conferred by the Treaty on the Commission, the Agency shall assist the Commission in monitoring the application of this Regulation and its implementing rules by conducting standardisation inspections of Member States competent authorities as specified in Article 24(1). The officials authorised under this Regulation, and those seconded by the national authorities participating in such inspections, are thus empowered, in compliance with the legal provisions of the Member State concerned: (a) to examine the relevant records, data, procedures and any other material relevant to the achievement of aviation safety levels in accordance with this Regulation; (b) to take copies of or extracts from such records, data, procedures and other material; (c) to ask for an oral explanation on the spot; (d) to enter any relevant premises, land or means of transport. 2. The officials of the Agency authorised for the purpose of the inspections referred to in paragraph 1 shall exercise their powers upon production of an authorisation in writing specifying the subject matter, the purpose of the inspection and the date on which it is to begin. In good time before the inspection, the Agency shall inform the Member State concerned of the inspection and of the identity of the authorised officials. 3. The Member State concerned shall submit to the inspections and shall ensure that bodies or persons concerned also submit to them. 4. When an inspection carried out pursuant to this Article entails an inspection of an undertaking or an association of undertakings, the provisions of Article 55 shall apply. Where an undertaking opposes the inspection, the Member State concerned shall afford the necessary assistance to officials authorised by the Agency to enable them to carry out the inspection. 5. Reports drawn up in application of this Article shall be made available in the official language or languages of the Member State where the inspection took place.
Article 55 Investigation of undertakings
1. The Agency may itself conduct or assign to national aviation authorities or qualified entities all necessary investigations of undertakings in accordance with Articles 7, 20 21, 22, 22a, 22b 23 and 24(2). ese investigations shall be carried out in compliance with the legal provisions of the Member States in which they are to be undertaken. To that end, the persons authorised under this Regulation are empowered: (a) to examine the relevant records, data, procedures and any other material relevant to the execution of the tasks of the Agency; (b) to take copies of or extracts from such records, data, procedures and other material; (c) to ask for an oral explanation on site; (d) to enter relevant premises, lands or means of transport of undertakings; (e) to conduct inspections of aircraft in cooperation with Member States. 2. The persons authorised for the purpose of the investigations referred to in paragraph 1 shall exercise their powers upon production of an authorisation in writing specifying the subject matter and purpose of the investigation. 3. In good time before the investigation, the Agency shall inform the Member State in whose territory the investigation is to be carried out of the investigation and of the identity of the authorised persons. Officials of the Member State concerned shall, at the request of the Agency, assist those authorised persons to carry out their duties.
Article 56 Annual programme of work
The annual programme of work shall aim to promote the continuous improvement of European aviation safety and comply with the objectives, mandates and tasks of the Agency, as set out in this Regulation. It shall clearly indicate which of the mandates and tasks of the Agency have been added, changed or deleted in comparison with the previous year. The presentation of the annual programme of work shall be based on the methodology used by the Commission as part of Activity-Based Management.
Article 57 Annual general report
The annual general report shall describe the way in which the Agency has implemented its annual programme of work. It shall clearly indicate which of the mandates and tasks of the Agency have been added, changed or deleted in comparison with the previous year. The report shall outline the activities carried out by the Agency and evaluate the results thereof with respect to the objectives and timetable set, the risks associated with those activities, the use of resources and the general operations of the Agency.
Article 58 Transparency and communication
1. Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 shall apply to documents held by the Agency. 2. The Agency may communicate on its own initiative in the fields within its mission. It shall ensure in particular that, in addition to the publication specified in Article 52(3), the public and any interested party are rapidly given objective, reliable and easily understandable information with regard to its work. 3. Any natural or legal person shall be entitled to address himself/herself in writing to the Agency in any of the languages referred to in Article 314 of the Treaty. That person shall have the right to receive an answer in the same language. 4. The information gathered by the Agency in accordance with this Regulation shall be subject to Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2000 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data ( 17 ).
Article 59 Budget
1. The revenues of the Agency shall consist of: (a) a contribution from the Community; (b) a contribution from any European third country with which the Community has concluded agreements as referred to in Article 66; (c) the fees paid by applicants for, and holders of, certificates and approvals issued by the Agency; (d) charges for publications, training and any other services provided by the Agency; and (e) any voluntary financial contribution from Member States, third countries or other entities, provided such a contribution does not compromise the independence and impartiality of the Agency. 2. The expenditure of the Agency shall include staff, administrative, infrastructure and operational expenses. 3. Revenue and expenditure shall be in balance. 4. Regulatory budgets and the fees set and collected for certification activities shall be dealt with separately in the Agency's budget. 5. Each year the Management Board, on the basis of a draft statement of estimates of revenue and expenditure, shall produce a statement of estimates of revenue and expenditure of the Agency for the following financial year. 6. The statement of estimates referred to in paragraph 4, which shall include a draft establishment plan together with the provisional work programme, shall by 31 March at the latest be forwarded by the Management Board to the Commission and to the states with which the Community has concluded agreements as referred to in Article 66. 7. The statement of estimates shall be forwarded by the Commission to the budgetary authority together with the preliminary draft general budget of the European Union. 8. On the basis of the statement of estimates, the Commission shall enter in the preliminary draft general budget of the European Union the estimates it deems necessary for the establishment plan and the amount of the subsidy to be charged to the general budget, which it shall place before the budgetary authority in accordance with Article 272 of the Treaty. 9. The budgetary authority shall authorise appropriations for the subsidy to the Agency. The budgetary authority shall adopt the establishment plan of the Agency. 10. The budget shall be adopted by the Management Board. It shall become final following final adoption of the general budget of the European Union. Where appropriate, it shall be adjusted accordingly. 11. The Management Board shall, as soon as possible, notify the budgetary authority of its intention to implement any project which may have significant financial implications for the funding of the budget, in particular any projects relating to property such as the rental or purchase of buildings. It shall inform the Commission thereof. Where a branch of the budgetary authority has notified its intention to deliver an opinion, it shall forward its opinion to the Management Board within a period of six weeks from the date of notification of the project.
Article 60 Implementation and control of the budget
1. The Executive Director shall implement the budget of the Agency. 2. By 1 March at the latest following each financial year, the Agency's accounting officer shall communicate the provisional accounts to the Commission's accounting officer, together with a report on the budgetary and financial management for that financial year. The Commission's accounting officer shall consolidate the provisional accounts of the institutions and decentralised bodies in accordance with Article 128 of Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1605/2002 of 25 June 2002 on the Financial Regulation applicable to the general budget of the European Communities ( 18 ). 3. By 31 March at the latest following each financial year, the Commission's accounting officer shall forward the Agency's provisional accounts to the Court of Auditors, together with a report on the budgetary and financial management for that financial year. The report on the budgetary and financial management for that financial year shall also be forwarded to the European Parliament and the Council. 4. Pursuant to Article 129 of Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1605/2002, on receipt of the Court of Auditors' observations on the Agency's provisional accounts, the Executive Director shall draw up the Agency's final accounts under his own responsibility and submit them to the Management Board for an opinion. 5. The Management Board shall deliver an opinion on the Agency's final accounts. 6. The Executive Director shall, by 1 July at the latest following each financial year, forward the final accounts to the European Parliament, the Council, the Commission and the Court of Auditors, together with the Management Board's opinion. 7. The final accounts shall be published. 8. The Executive Director shall send the Court of Auditors a reply to its observations by 30 September at the latest. He shall also send this reply to the Management Board. 9. The Executive Director shall submit to the European Parliament, at the latter's request, any information necessary for the smooth application of the discharge procedure for the financial year in question, as provided for by Article 146(3) of Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1605/2002. 10. The European Parliament, on a recommendation from the Council acting by a qualified majority, shall, before 30 April of year N + 2, give a discharge to the Executive Director in respect of the implementation of the budget for year N.
Article 61 Combating fraud
1. In order to combat fraud, corruption and other unlawful activities, the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 1073/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 May 1999 concerning investigations conducted by the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) ( 19 ) shall apply without restriction. 2. The Agency shall accede to the Interinstitutional Agreement of 25 May 1999 between the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the Commission of the European Communities concerning internal investigations by the European Anti-fraud Office (OLAF) ( 20 ) and shall issue, without delay, the appropriate provisions applicable to its staff. 3. Decisions concerning funding and the implementing agreements and instruments resulting therefrom shall explicitly state that the Court of Auditors and OLAF may carry out, if necessary, on-the-spot checks of the recipients of the Agency's funding and the agents responsible for its allocation.
Article 62 Evaluation
1. Within three years from the date of the Agency having taken up its duties, and every five years thereafter, the Management Board shall commission an independent external evaluation on the implementation of this Regulation. 2. The evaluation shall examine how effectively the Agency is fulfilling its mission. It shall also assess the impact of this Regulation, the Agency and its working practices in establishing a high level of civil aviation safety. The evaluation shall take into account the views of stakeholders at both European and national level. 3. The Management Board shall receive the findings of the evaluation and issue recommendations regarding changes to this Regulation, the Agency and its working practices to the Commission, which may forward them, together with its own opinion as well as appropriate proposals, to the European Parliament and to the Council. An action plan with a timetable shall be included, if appropriate. Both the findings and the recommendations of the evaluation shall be made public.
Article 63 Financial provisions
The financial rules applicable to the Agency shall be adopted by the Management Board after consultation of the Commission. They may not depart from Commission Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2343/2002 of 19 November 2002 on the framework Financial Regulation for the bodies referred to in Article 185 of Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1605/2002 on the Financial Regulation applicable to the general budget of the European Communities ( 21 ) unless such departure is specifically required for the Agency's operation and the Commission has given its prior consent.
Article 64 Fees and charges regulation
1. The measures designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation, by supplementing it, relating to fees and charges shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 65(4). 2. The Commission shall consult the Management Board on the draft of the measures referred to in paragraph 1. 3. The measures referred to in paragraph 1 shall determine in particular the matters for which fees and charges pursuant to Article 59(1)(c) and (d) are due, the amount of the fees and charges and the way in which they are to be paid. 4. Fees and charges shall be levied for: (a) the issuing and renewal of certificates, as well as the related continuing oversight functions; (b) the provision of services; they shall reflect the actual cost of each individual provision; (c) the processing of appeals. All fees and charges shall be expressed, and payable, in euro. 5. The amount of the fees and charges shall be fixed at such a level as to ensure that the revenue in respect thereof is in principle sufficient to cover the full cost of the services delivered. These fees and charges, including those collected in 2007, shall be assigned revenues for the Agency.
Article 65 Committee
1. The Commission shall be assisted by a committee. 2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 3 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof. 3. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 5 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof. The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at one month. 4. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5a(1) to (4), and Article 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof. 5. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5a(1) to (4) and (5)(b), and Article 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof. The time limits laid down in Article 5a(3)(c), (4)(b) and (4)(e) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at 20 days. 6. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5a(1), (2), (4), (5)(b) and (6), and Article 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof. 7. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 6 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply. Before adopting its decision, the Commission shall consult the committee referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. The period provided for in Article 6(b) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at three months. When a Commission decision is referred to the Council by a Member State, the Council, acting by a qualified majority, may take a different decision within a period of three months.
Article 65a Amendments
In accordance with the provisions of the Treaty, the Commission shall propose to amend Regulations (EC) No 549/2004, (EC) No 550/2004, (EC) No 551/2004 and (EC) No 552/2004 in order to take into account the requirements of this Regulation.
Article 66 Participation of European third countries
The Agency shall be open to the participation of European third countries which are contracting parties to the Chicago Convention and which have entered into agreements with the European Community whereby they adopted and apply Community law in the field covered by this Regulation and its implementing rules. Under the relevant provisions of these agreements, arrangements will be developed which shall, inter alia , specify the nature and extent of, and the detailed rules for, the participation by these countries in the work of the Agency, including provisions on financial contributions and staff.
Article 67 Commencement of the Agency's operation
1. The Agency shall undertake the certification tasks incumbent upon it pursuant to Article 20 as from 28 September 2003. Until that date, Member States shall continue to implement applicable legislation and regulations. 2. During an additional transition period of 42 months from the date referred to in paragraph 1, Member States may continue to issue certificates and approvals by way of derogation from the provisions of Articles 5, 6, 12 and 20 under the conditions specified by the Commission in the measures adopted for their application. When in that context Member States issue certificates on the basis of certificates issued by third countries, the measures adopted by the Commission shall give due consideration to the principles laid down in Article 12(2)(b) and (c).
Article 68 Penalties
Member States shall lay down penalties for infringement of this Regulation and its implementing rules. The penalties shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive.
Article 69 Repeals
1. Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 is hereby repealed, without prejudice to the provisions of the second subparagraph. References made to the repealed Regulation shall be construed as being made to this Regulation and should be read in accordance with the correlation table set out in Annex VI. 2. Council Directive 91/670/EEC is hereby repealed as from the entry into force of the measures referred to in Article 7(6). 3. Annex III to Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 shall be deleted as from the entry into force of the corresponding measures referred to in Article 8(5). 4. The provisions of Article 11 shall apply to products, parts and appliances, organisations and persons whose certification has been performed, or recognised, in accordance with the provisions of the acts referred to in paragraph 1, 2 and 3 of this Article. 5. Directive 2004/36/EC is hereby repealed as from the entry into force of the measures referred to in Article 10(5) of this Regulation, and without prejudice to the implementing rules referred to in Article 8(2) of that Directive.
Article 70 Entry into force
This Regulation shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union . Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 shall apply as from the dates specified in their respective implementing rules, but not later than 8 April 2012. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.