Article 1 
Establishment of the Lifelong Learning Programme 1. This Decision establishes a programme for Community action in the field of lifelong learning, hereinafter referred to as ‘the Lifelong Learning Programme’. 2. The general objective of the Lifelong Learning Programme is to contribute through lifelong learning to the development of the Community as an advanced knowledge-based society, with sustainable economic development, more and better jobs and greater social cohesion, while ensuring good protection of the environment for future generations. In particular, it aims to foster interchange, cooperation and mobility between education and training systems within the Community so that they become a world quality reference. 3. The Lifelong Learning Programme shall have the following specific objectives: (a) to contribute to the development of quality lifelong learning, and to promote high performance, innovation and a European dimension in systems and practices in the field; (b) to support the realisation of a European area for lifelong learning; (c) to help improve the quality, attractiveness and accessibility of the opportunities for lifelong learning available within Member States; (d) to reinforce the contribution of lifelong learning to social cohesion, active citizenship, intercultural dialogue, gender equality and personal fulfilment; (e) to help promote creativity, competitiveness, employability and the growth of an entrepreneurial spirit; (f) to contribute to increased participation in lifelong learning by people of all ages, including those with special needs and disadvantaged groups, regardless of their socio-economic background; (g) to promote language learning and linguistic diversity; (h) to support the development of innovative ICT-based content, services, pedagogies and practice for lifelong learning; (i) to reinforce the role of lifelong learning in creating a sense of European citizenship based on understanding and respect for human rights and democracy, and encouraging tolerance and respect for other peoples and cultures; (j) to promote cooperation in quality assurance in all sectors of education and training in Europe; (k) to encourage the best use of results, innovative products and processes and to exchange good practice in the fields covered by the Lifelong Learning Programme, in order to improve the quality of education and training. 4. In accordance with the administrative provisions set out in the Annex, the Lifelong Learning Programme shall support and supplement action taken by the Member States, while fully respecting their responsibility for the content of education and training systems and their cultural and linguistic diversity. 5. As set out in Article 3, the objectives of the Lifelong Learning Programme shall be pursued through the implementation of four sectoral programmes, one transversal programme, and the Jean Monnet programme, hereinafter collectively referred to as ‘the sub-programmes’. 6. This Decision shall be implemented over the period from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013. However, preparatory measures, including decisions by the Commission in accordance with Article 9, may be implemented as from the entry into force of this Decision.
Article 2 
Definitions For the purpose of this Decision, the following definitions shall apply: 1. ‘pre-school’ means organised educational activity undertaken before the start of obligatory primary schooling; 2. ‘pupil’ means a person enrolled in a learning capacity at a school; 3. ‘school’ means all types of institutions providing general (pre-school, primary or secondary), vocational and technical education and, exceptionally, in the case of measures to promote language learning, non-school institutions providing apprenticeship training; 4. ‘teachers/educational staff’ means persons who, through their duties, are involved directly in the education process in the Member States; 5. ‘trainers’ mean persons who, through their duties, are involved directly in the vocational education and training process in the Member States; 6. ‘student’ means a person registered in a higher education institution, whatever their field of study, in order to follow higher education studies leading to a recognised degree or other recognised tertiary level qualification, up to and including the level of doctorate; 7. ‘trainee’ means a person undergoing vocational training, either within a training institution or training organisation or at the workplace; 8. ‘adult learner’ means a learner participating in adult education; 9. ‘people in the labour market’ means workers, the self-employed or people available for employment; 10. ‘higher education institution’ means: (a) any type of higher education institution, in accordance with national legislation or practice, which offers recognised degrees or other recognised tertiary level qualifications, whatever such establishments may be called in the Member States; (b) any institution, in accordance with national legislation or practice, which offers vocational education or training at tertiary level; (a) any type of higher education institution, in accordance with national legislation or practice, which offers recognised degrees or other recognised tertiary level qualifications, whatever such establishments may be called in the Member States; (b) any institution, in accordance with national legislation or practice, which offers vocational education or training at tertiary level; 11. ‘Joint Masters’ means Masters courses in higher education that: (a) involve a minimum of three higher education institutions from three different Member States; (b) implement a study programme which involves a period of study in at least two of those three institutions; (c) have built-in mechanisms for the recognition of periods of study undertaken in partner institutions based on, or compatible with, the European credit transfer system; (d) result in the awarding of joint, double or multiple degrees, recognised or accredited by the Member States, from the participating institutions; (a) involve a minimum of three higher education institutions from three different Member States; (b) implement a study programme which involves a period of study in at least two of those three institutions; (c) have built-in mechanisms for the recognition of periods of study undertaken in partner institutions based on, or compatible with, the European credit transfer system; (d) result in the awarding of joint, double or multiple degrees, recognised or accredited by the Member States, from the participating institutions; 12. ‘vocational training’ means any form of initial vocational education or training, including technical and vocational teaching and apprenticeships, which contributes to the achievement of a vocational qualification recognised by the competent authorities in the Member State in which it is obtained, as well as any continuing vocational education or training undertaken by a person during his or her working life; 13. ‘adult education’ means all forms of non-vocational adult learning, whether of a formal, non-formal or informal nature; 14. ‘study visit’ means a short-term visit, made to study a particular aspect of lifelong learning in another Member State; 15. ‘mobility’ means spending a period of time in another Member State, in order to undertake study, work experience, other learning or teaching activity or related administrative activity, supported as appropriate by preparatory or refresher courses in the host language or working language; 16. ‘placement’ means spending a period of time in an enterprise or organisation in another Member State, supported as appropriate by preparatory or refresher courses in the host language or working language, with a view to helping individuals to adapt to the requirements of the Community-wide labour market, to acquiring a specific skill and to improving understanding of the economic and social culture of the country concerned in the context of acquiring work experience; 17. ‘unilateral’ means involving a single institution; 18. ‘bilateral’ means involving partners from two Member States; 19. ‘multilateral’ means involving partners from at least three Member States. The Commission may regard associations or other bodies with membership from three Member States or more as multilateral; 20. ‘partnership’ means a bilateral or multilateral agreement between a group of institutions or organisations in different Member States to carry out joint European activities in lifelong learning; 21. ‘network’means a formal or informal grouping of bodies active in a particular field, discipline or sector of lifelong learning; 22. ‘project’ means a cooperation activity with a defined outcome developed jointly by a formal or informal grouping of organisations or institutions; 23. ‘project coordinator’ means the organisation or institution in charge of the implementation of the project by the multilateral grouping; 24. ‘project partners’ means the organisations or institutions other than the coordinator, which form the multilateral grouping; 25. ‘enterprise’ means all undertakings engaged in economic activity in the public or private sector whatever their size, legal status or the economic sector in which they operate, including the social economy; 26. ‘social partners’ means, at national level, employers' and workers' organisations in conformity with national laws and/or practices and, at Community level, employers' and workers' organisations taking part in the social dialogue at Community level; 27. ‘guidance and counselling’ means a range of activities such as information, assessment, orientation and advice to assist learners, trainers and other staff to make choices relating to education and training programmes or employment opportunities; 28. ‘dissemination and exploitation of results’ means activities designed to ensure that the results of the Lifelong Learning Programme and its predecessors are appropriately recognised, demonstrated and implemented on a wide scale; 29. ‘lifelong learning’ means all general education, vocational education and training, non-formal education and informal learning undertaken throughout life, resulting in an improvement in knowledge, skills and competences within a personal, civic, social and/or employment-related perspective. It includes the provision of counselling and guidance services.
Article 3 
Sub-programmes 1. The sectoral sub-programmes shall be the following: (a) the Comenius programme, which shall address the teaching and learning needs of all those in pre-school and school education up to the level of the end of upper secondary education, and the institutions and organisations providing such education; (b) the Erasmus programme, which shall address the teaching and learning needs of all those in formal higher education and vocational education and training at tertiary level, whatever the length of their course or qualification may be and including doctoral studies, and the institutions and organisations providing or facilitating such education and training; (c) the Leonardo da Vinci programme, which shall address the teaching and learning needs of all those in vocational education and training, other than at tertiary level, as well as the institutions and organisations providing or facilitating such education and training; (d) the Grundtvig programme, which shall address the teaching and learning needs of those in all forms of adult education, as well as the institutions and organisations providing or facilitating such education. 2. The transversal programme shall comprise the following four key activities: (a) policy cooperation and innovation in lifelong learning; (b) promotion of language learning; (c) development of innovative ICT-based content, services, pedagogies and practice for lifelong learning; (d) dissemination and exploitation of results of actions supported under the programme and previous related programmes, and exchange of good practice. 3. The Jean Monnet programme shall support institutions and activities in the field of European integration. It shall comprise the following three key activities: (a) the Jean Monnet Action; (b) operating grants to support specified institutions dealing with issues relating to European integration; (c) operating grants to support other European institutions and associations in the fields of education and training.
Article 4 
Access to the Lifelong Learning Programme The Lifelong Learning Programme shall be aimed at: (a) pupils, students, trainees and adult learners; (b) teachers, trainers and other staff involved in any aspect of lifelong learning; (c) people in the labour market; (d) institutions or organisations providing learning opportunities within the context of the Lifelong Learning Programme, or within the limits of its sub-programmes; (e) the persons and bodies responsible for systems and policies concerning any aspect of lifelong learning at local, regional and national level; (f) enterprises, social partners and their organisations at all levels, including trade organisations and chambers of commerce and industry; (g) bodies providing guidance, counselling and information services relating to any aspect of lifelong learning; (h) associations working in the field of lifelong learning, including students', trainees', pupils', teachers', parents' and adult learners' associations; (i) research centres and bodies concerned with lifelong learning issues; (j) non-profit organisations, voluntary bodies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs).
Article 5 
Community actions 1. The Lifelong Learning Programme shall comprise support for the following actions: (a) the mobility of individuals in lifelong learning; (b) bilateral and multilateral partnerships; (c) multilateral projects especially designed to promote quality in education and training systems through the transnational transfer of innovation; (d) unilateral and national projects; (e) multilateral projects and networks; (f) observation and analysis of policies and systems in the field of lifelong learning, the establishment and regular improvement of reference material, including surveys, statistics, analyses and indicators, action to support transparency and recognition of qualifications and prior learning, and action to support cooperation in quality assurance; (g) operating grants to support certain operational and administrative costs of institutions and associations active in the field covered by the Lifelong Learning Programme; (h) other initiatives aimed at promoting the objectives of the Lifelong Learning Programme (accompanying measures). 2. Community support may be awarded for preparatory visits in respect of any of the actions set out in this Article. 3. The Commission may organise such seminars, colloquia or meetings as are likely to facilitate the implementation of the Lifelong Learning Programme, and undertake appropriate information, publication and dissemination actions and actions to increase awareness of the Programme, as well as programme monitoring and evaluation. 4. The actions referred to in this Article may be implemented by means of calls for proposals, calls for tenders, or directly by the Commission.
Article 6 
Tasks of the Commission and the Member States 1. The Commission shall ensure the effective and efficient implementation of the Community actions provided for by the Lifelong Learning Programme. 2. Member States shall (a) take the necessary steps to ensure the efficient running of the Lifelong Learning Programme at national level, involving all the parties concerned with aspects of lifelong learning in accordance with national practice or legislation; (b) establish or designate and monitor an appropriate structure for the coordinated management of the implementation of the Lifelong Learning Programme's actions at national level (national agencies), including budgetary management, in conformity with the provisions of Article 54(2)(c) of Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1605/2002 and of Article 38 of Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2342/2002, in accordance with the following criteria: (i) an organisation established or designated as a national agency shall have legal personality or be part of an entity having legal personality, and be governed by the law of the Member State concerned. A ministry may not be designated as a national agency; (ii) each national agency must have adequate staff to fulfil its tasks, with professional and linguistic capacities appropriate for work in an environment of international cooperation in the field of education and training; (iii) it must have an appropriate infrastructure, in particular as regards informatics and communications; (iv) it must operate in an administrative context which enables it to carry out its tasks satisfactorily and to avoid conflicts of interest; (v) it must be in a position to apply the financial management rules and contractual conditions laid down at Community level; (vi) it must offer adequate financial guarantees, issued preferably by a public authority, and its management capacity must be appropriate to the level of Community funds it will be called upon to manage; (i) an organisation established or designated as a national agency shall have legal personality or be part of an entity having legal personality, and be governed by the law of the Member State concerned. A ministry may not be designated as a national agency; (ii) each national agency must have adequate staff to fulfil its tasks, with professional and linguistic capacities appropriate for work in an environment of international cooperation in the field of education and training; (iii) it must have an appropriate infrastructure, in particular as regards informatics and communications; (iv) it must operate in an administrative context which enables it to carry out its tasks satisfactorily and to avoid conflicts of interest; (v) it must be in a position to apply the financial management rules and contractual conditions laid down at Community level; (vi) it must offer adequate financial guarantees, issued preferably by a public authority, and its management capacity must be appropriate to the level of Community funds it will be called upon to manage; (c) take responsibility for the proper management by the national agencies referred to in point (b) of credits transferred to national agencies to support projects, and in particular for the respect by national agencies of the principles of transparency, equality of treatment and of the avoidance of double-funding with other sources of Community funds, and of the obligation to monitor projects and to recover any funds due for reimbursement by beneficiaries; (d) take the necessary steps to ensure the appropriate audit and financial overseeing of the national agencies referred to in point (b), and in particular: (i) before the national agency starts work, provide the Commission with the necessary assurances as to the existence, relevance and proper operation within it, in accordance with the rules of sound financial management, of the procedures to be applied, the control systems, the accounting systems and the procurement and grant award procedures; (ii) provide the Commission with a declaration of assurance each year as to the reliability of the financial systems and procedures of the national agencies, and the probity of their accounts; (i) before the national agency starts work, provide the Commission with the necessary assurances as to the existence, relevance and proper operation within it, in accordance with the rules of sound financial management, of the procedures to be applied, the control systems, the accounting systems and the procurement and grant award procedures; (ii) provide the Commission with a declaration of assurance each year as to the reliability of the financial systems and procedures of the national agencies, and the probity of their accounts; (e) in the event of irregularity, negligence or fraud imputable to a national agency established or designated under point (b), and where this gives rise to claims by the Commission on the national agency which are not completely recovered, be responsible for the funds not recovered; (f) designate upon request from the Commission the institutions or organisations providing learning opportunities, or the types of such institutions or organisations, to be considered eligible to participate in the Lifelong Learning Programme in their respective territories; (g) endeavour to adopt all appropriate measures to remove legal and administrative obstacles to the proper functioning of the Lifelong Learning Programme; (h) take steps to ensure that potential synergies with other Community programmes and financial instruments and with other relevant programmes operating in the Member State in question are achieved at national level. 3. The Commission, in cooperation with Member States, shall ensure (a) the transition between the actions carried out within the context of the preceding programmes in the fields of education, training and lifelong learning and those to be implemented under the Lifelong Learning Programme; (b) the adequate protection of the Communities' financial interests, in particular by introducing effective, proportionate and dissuasive measures, administrative checks and penalties; (c) the wide dissemination of information, publicity and follow-up with regard to actions supported under the Lifelong Learning Programme; (d) the collection, analysis and processing of available data required to measure the results and effects of the programme, and to monitor and evaluate activities as referred to in Article 15; (e) the dissemination of the results of the previous generation of education and training programmes and of the Lifelong Learning Programme.
Article 7 
Participation of third countries 1. The Lifelong Learning Programme shall be open to the participation of: (a) EFTA countries which are members of the EEA, in accordance with the conditions laid down in the EEA Agreement; (b) the candidate countries benefiting from a pre-accession strategy, in accordance with the general principles and general terms and conditions laid down in the framework agreements concluded with these countries for their participation in Community programmes; (c) the countries of the Western Balkans, in accordance with the provisions to be determined with these countries following the establishment of framework agreements providing for their participation in Community programmes; (d) the Swiss Confederation, on the basis of a bilateral agreement to be concluded with that country. 2. Key activity 1 of the Jean Monnet programme referred to in Article 3(3)(a) shall also be open to higher education institutions in any other third country. 3. Third countries participating in the Lifelong Learning Programme shall be subject to all the obligations and shall fulfil all the tasks set out in this Decision in relation to Member States.
Article 8 
International cooperation Under the Lifelong Learning Programme, and in accordance with Article 9, the Commission may cooperate with third countries and with the competent international organisations, in particular the Council of Europe, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Article 9 
Implementing measures 1. The measures necessary for the implementation of the Lifelong Learning Programme relating to the following matters shall be adopted by the Commission, in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 10(2): (a) the annual plan of work including priorities; (b) the annual allocations and the distribution of funds between and within the sub-programmes; (c) the general guidelines for implementing the sub-programmes (including decisions concerning the nature of the actions, their duration and funding level), the selection criteria and procedures; (d) the Commission's proposals for the selection of applications for multilateral projects and networks as referred to in Article 33(1)(b) and (c); (e) the Commission's proposals for the selection of applications for actions set out in Article 5(1)(e), not covered by point (d) of this paragraph, and in Article 5(1)(f), (g) and (h), for which the Community support proposed exceeds EUR 1 million; (f) the definition of the respective roles and responsibilities of the Commission, the Member States and the national agencies regarding the National agency procedure as set out in the Annex; (g) the distribution of funds among the Member States for the actions to be managed through the National agency procedure as set out in the Annex; (h) the arrangements for ensuring internal consistency within the Lifelong Learning Programme; (i) the arrangements for monitoring and evaluating the Lifelong Learning Programme and the sub-programmes and for the dissemination and transfer of results. 2. The Commission shall inform the Committee referred to in Article 10 and the European Parliament of all other selection decisions it has taken for the implementation of this Decision within two working days of the adoption of the decisions in question. This information shall include descriptions and an analysis of the applications received, a description of the assessment and selection procedure, and lists of both the projects proposed for funding and those rejected.
Article 10 
Committee procedure 1. The Commission shall be assisted by a Committee, hereinafter referred to as ‘the Committee’. 2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 4 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof. The period laid down in Article 4(3) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at two months. 4. The Committee shall adopt its Rules of Procedure. 5. Member States may not be represented by persons employed in, or having operational responsibility for, national agencies referred to in Article 6(2)(b).
Article 11 
Social partners 1. Whenever the Committee is consulted on any matter concerning the application of this Decision in relation to vocational education and training, representatives of the social partners, appointed by the Commission on the basis of proposals from the European social partners, may participate in the work of the Committee as observers. The number of such observers shall be equal to the number of representatives of the Member States. 2. Such observers shall have the right to request that their position be recorded in the minutes of the meeting of the Committee.
Article 12 
Horizontal policies In implementing the Lifelong Learning Programme, due regard shall be paid to ensuring that it contributes fully to furthering the horizontal policies of the Community, in particular by: (a) promoting an awareness of the importance of cultural and linguistic diversity within Europe, as well as of the need to combat racism, prejudice and xenophobia; (b) making provision for learners with special needs, and in particular by helping to promote their integration into mainstream education and training; (c) promoting equality between men and women and contributing to combating all forms of discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.
Article 13 
Consistency and complementarity with other policies 1. The Commission shall, in cooperation with the Member States, ensure overall consistency and complementarity with the Education and Training 2010 Work Programme and other relevant Community policies, instruments and actions, in particular those in the field of culture, the media, youth, research and development, employment, recognition of qualifications, enterprise, environment, ICT and the Community's statistical programme. The Commission shall, in cooperation with the Member States, ensure an efficient link-up between the Lifelong Learning Programme and the programmes and actions in the area of education and training undertaken within the framework of the Community's pre-accession instruments and other cooperation with third countries and the competent international organisations. 2. The Commission shall keep the Committee regularly informed about other relevant Community initiatives taken in the field of lifelong learning, including cooperation with third countries and international organisations. 3. In implementing actions under the Lifelong Learning Programme, the Commission and the Member States shall have regard to the priorities set out in the integrated guidelines for employment adopted by the Council as part of the Lisbon partnership for growth and jobs. 4. In partnership with the European social partners, the Commission shall endeavour to develop an appropriate coordination between the Lifelong Learning Programme and the social dialogue at Community level, including in the different sectors of the economy. 5. In implementing the Lifelong Learning Programme, the Commission shall secure the assistance as appropriate of the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) in areas related to its competence and in accordance with the arrangements set out in Regulation (EEC) No 337/75 of the Council ( 17 ). Where appropriate, the Commission may also secure the support of the European Training Foundation within the scope of its mandate and in accordance with the arrangements set out in Council Regulation (EEC) No 1360/90 ( 18 ). 6. The Commission shall keep the Advisory Committee on Vocational Training regularly informed of relevant progress in the area of vocational education and training.
Article 14 
Funding 1. The indicative financial envelope for the implementation of this Decision for the period of seven years as from 1 January 2007 is set at EUR 6 970 000 000. Within this envelope, the amounts to be allocated to the Comenius, Erasmus, Leonardo da Vinci and Grundtvig programmes shall not be less than as set out in point B.11 of the Annex. Those allocations may be amended by the Commission in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 10(2). 2. Up to 1 % of the allocations of the Lifelong Learning Programme may be used to support the participation in partnership, project and network actions organised under the Lifelong Learning Programme of partners from third countries which do not participate in the Lifelong Learning Programme under the provisions of Article 7. 3. The annual appropriations shall be authorised by the budgetary authority within the limits of the financial framework.
Article 15 
Monitoring and evaluation 1. The Commission shall, in cooperation with the Member States, regularly monitor and evaluate the Lifelong Learning Programme against its objectives. 2. The Commission shall arrange for regular independent external evaluations of the Lifelong Learning Programme and shall regularly publish statistics for monitoring progress. 3. The findings of the monitoring and evaluation of the Lifelong Learning Programme and the previous generation of education and training programmes shall be taken into account when implementing the Programme. 4. Member States shall submit to the Commission, by 30 June 2010 and 30 June 2015 respectively, reports on the implementation and the impact of the Lifelong Learning Programme. 5. The Commission shall submit to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: (a) an interim evaluation report on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the implementation of the Lifelong Learning Programme, including an analysis of the results achieved, by 31 March 2011; (b) a communication on the continuation of the Lifelong Learning Programme by 31 December 2011; (c) an ex post evaluation report by 31 March 2016.
Article 16 
Access to the Comenius programme Within the framework of the Lifelong Learning Programme, the Comenius programme shall be aimed at: (a) pupils in school education up to the end of upper secondary education; (b) schools, as specified by Member States; (c) teachers and other staff within those schools; (d) associations, non-profit organisations, NGOs and representatives of those involved in school education; (e) persons and bodies responsible for the organisation and delivery of education at local, regional and national levels; (f) research centres and bodies concerned with lifelong learning issues; (g) higher education institutions; (h) bodies providing guidance, counselling and information services relating to any aspect of lifelong learning.
Article 17 
Objectives of the Comenius programme 1. In addition to the objectives of the Lifelong Learning Programme as set out in Article 1, the specific objectives of the Comenius programme shall be: (a) to develop knowledge and understanding among young people and educational staff of the diversity of European cultures and languages and its value; (b) to help young people acquire the basic life-skills and competences necessary for their personal development, for future employment and for active European citizenship. 2. The operational objectives of the Comenius programme shall be: (a) to improve the quality and to increase the volume of mobility involving pupils and educational staff in different Member States; (b) to improve the quality and to increase the volume of partnerships between schools in different Member States, so as to involve at least 3 million pupils in joint educational activities during the period of the programme; (c) to encourage the learning of modern foreign languages; (d) to support the development of innovative ICT-based content, services, pedagogies and practice for lifelong learning; (e) to enhance the quality and European dimension of teacher training; (f) to support improvements in pedagogical approaches and school management.
Article 18 
Actions of the Comenius programme 1. The following actions may be supported by the Comenius programme: (a) mobility of individuals as referred to in Article 5(1)(a). In arranging for or supporting the organisation of such mobility, the necessary preparatory measures shall be adopted and care shall be taken to ensure that adequate supervision, advice and support is available for individuals in mobility. Such mobility may include: (i) exchanges of pupils and staff; (ii) mobility to schools for pupils and placements in schools or enterprises for educational staff; (iii) participation in training courses for teachers and other educational staff; (iv) study and preparatory visits for mobility, partnership, project or network activities; (v) assistantships for teachers and potential teachers. (a) mobility of individuals as referred to in Article 5(1)(a). In arranging for or supporting the organisation of such mobility, the necessary preparatory measures shall be adopted and care shall be taken to ensure that adequate supervision, advice and support is available for individuals in mobility. (i) exchanges of pupils and staff; (ii) mobility to schools for pupils and placements in schools or enterprises for educational staff; (iii) participation in training courses for teachers and other educational staff; (iv) study and preparatory visits for mobility, partnership, project or network activities; (v) assistantships for teachers and potential teachers. (b) development of partnerships, as referred to in Article 5(1)(b), between: (i) schools, with a view to developing joint learning projects for pupils and their teachers (‘Comenius school partnerships’); (ii) organisations responsible for any aspect of school education, with a view to fostering inter-regional cooperation, including border region cooperation (‘Comenius-Regio partnerships’); (i) schools, with a view to developing joint learning projects for pupils and their teachers (‘Comenius school partnerships’); (ii) organisations responsible for any aspect of school education, with a view to fostering inter-regional cooperation, including border region cooperation (‘Comenius-Regio partnerships’); (c) multilateral projects as referred to in Article 5(1)(e). They may include projects aimed at: (i) developing, promoting and disseminating educational best practices, including new teaching methods or materials; (ii) developing or exchanging experience on systems of providing information or guidance particularly adapted to the learners, teachers and other staff concerned by the Comenius programme; (iii) developing, promoting and disseminating new teacher training courses or course content; (i) developing, promoting and disseminating educational best practices, including new teaching methods or materials; (ii) developing or exchanging experience on systems of providing information or guidance particularly adapted to the learners, teachers and other staff concerned by the Comenius programme; (iii) developing, promoting and disseminating new teacher training courses or course content; (d) multilateral networks as referred to in Article 5(1)(e). They may include networks aimed at: (i) developing education in the discipline or subject area in which they operate, for their own benefit and for that of education more widely; (ii) acquiring and disseminating relevant good practice and innovation; (iii) providing content support to projects and partnerships set up by others; (iv) promoting the development of needs analysis and its practical applications within school education; (i) developing education in the discipline or subject area in which they operate, for their own benefit and for that of education more widely; (ii) acquiring and disseminating relevant good practice and innovation; (iii) providing content support to projects and partnerships set up by others; (iv) promoting the development of needs analysis and its practical applications within school education; (e) other initiatives aimed at promoting the objectives of the Comenius programme as referred to in Article 5(1)(h) (‘accompanying measures’). 2. The operational details of the actions referred to in paragraph 1 shall be decided in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 10(2).
Article 19 
Amount allocated to the Comenius programme Not less than 80 % of the amount allocated to the Comenius programme shall be devoted to support for mobility as referred to in Article 18(1)(a) and for Comenius partnerships as set out in Article 18(1)(b).
Article 20 
Access to the Erasmus programme Within the framework of the Lifelong Learning Programme, the Erasmus programme shall be aimed at: (a) students and trainees learning in all forms of tertiary level education and training; (b) higher education institutions, as specified by Member States; (c) teachers, trainers and other staff within those institutions; (d) associations and representatives of those involved in higher education, including relevant student, university, and teacher/trainer associations; (e) enterprises, social partners and other representatives of working life; (f) public and private bodies, including non-profit organisations and NGOs, responsible for the organisation and delivery of education and training at local, regional and national levels; (g) research centres and bodies concerned with lifelong learning issues; (h) bodies providing guidance, counselling and information services relating to any aspect of lifelong learning.
Article 21 
Objectives of the Erasmus programme 1. In addition to the objectives of the Lifelong Learning Programme as set out in Article 1, the specific objectives of the Erasmus programme shall be: (a) to support the achievement of a European Area of Higher Education; (b) to reinforce the contribution of higher education and advanced vocational education to the process of innovation. 2. The operational objectives of the Erasmus programme shall be: (a) to improve the quality and to increase the volume of student and teaching staff mobility throughout Europe, so as to contribute to the achievement by 2012 of at least 3 million individual participants in student mobility under the Erasmus programme and its predecessor programmes; (b) to improve the quality and to increase the volume of multilateral cooperation between higher education institutions in Europe; (c) to increase the degree of transparency and compatibility between higher education and advanced vocational education qualifications gained in Europe; (d) to improve the quality and to increase the volume of cooperation between higher education institutions and enterprises; (e) to facilitate the development of innovative practices in education and training at tertiary level, and their transfer, including from one participating country to others; (f) to support the development of innovative ICT-based content, services, pedagogies and practice for lifelong learning.
Article 22 
Actions of the Erasmus programme 1. The following actions may be supported by the Erasmus programme: (a) mobility of individuals as referred to in Article 5(1)(a). Such mobility may include: (i) mobility of students for the purposes of studying or training in Member States in higher education institutions, as well as placements in enterprises, training centres, research centres or other organisations; (ii) mobility of teaching staff in higher education institutions in order to teach or receive training in a partner institution abroad; (iii) mobility of other staff in higher education institutions and staff of enterprises for purposes of training or teaching; (iv) Erasmus intensive programmes organised on a multilateral basis. Support may also be awarded to the home and host higher education institutions or enterprises for action to ensure quality at all stages of the mobility arrangements, including preparatory and refresher language courses. (i) mobility of students for the purposes of studying or training in Member States in higher education institutions, as well as placements in enterprises, training centres, research centres or other organisations; (ii) mobility of teaching staff in higher education institutions in order to teach or receive training in a partner institution abroad; (iii) mobility of other staff in higher education institutions and staff of enterprises for purposes of training or teaching; (iv) Erasmus intensive programmes organised on a multilateral basis. Support may also be awarded to the home and host higher education institutions or enterprises for action to ensure quality at all stages of the mobility arrangements, including preparatory and refresher language courses. (b) multilateral projects, as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), focusing inter alia on innovation, experimentation and the exchange of good practice in the areas mentioned in the specific and operational objectives; (c) multilateral networks, as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), run by consortia of higher education institutions and representing a discipline or a cross-disciplinary field, (‘Erasmus thematic networks’) which aim to develop new learning concepts and competences. Such networks may also include representatives from other public bodies or from enterprises or associations; (d) other initiatives aimed at promoting the objectives of the Erasmus programme as referred to in Article 5(1)(h) (‘accompanying measures’). 2. Individuals participating in mobility under paragraph 1(a)(i) (‘Erasmus students’) shall be: (a) students in higher education institutions who, enrolled at least in the second year, spend a study period in another Member State within the framework of the mobility action of the Erasmus programme, regardless whether they have been awarded financial support under that programme. Such periods shall be fully recognised under the interinstitutional agreements between the sending and host institutions. The host institutions shall not charge tuition fees to such students; (b) students enrolled on Joint Masters programmes and engaged in mobility; (c) students in higher education institutions taking part in placements. 3. The operational details of the actions set out in paragraph 1 shall be decided in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 10(2).
Article 23 
Amount allocated to the Erasmus programme Not less than 80 % of the amount allocated to the Erasmus programme shall be devoted to support for mobility as referred to in Article 22(1)(a).
Article 24 
Access to the Leonardo da Vinci programme Within the framework of the Lifelong Learning Programme, the Leonardo da Vinci programme shall be aimed at: (a) people learning in all forms of vocational education and training except at tertiary level; (b) people in the labour market; (c) institutions or organisations providing learning opportunities in the fields covered by the Leonardo da Vinci programme; (d) teachers, trainers and other staff within those institutions or organisations; (e) associations and representatives of those involved in vocational education and training, including trainees', parents' and teachers' associations; (f) enterprises, social partners and other representatives of working life, including chambers of commerce and other trade organisations; (g) bodies providing guidance, counselling and information services relating to any aspect of lifelong learning; (h) persons and bodies responsible for systems and policies concerning any aspect of vocational education and training at local, regional and national level; (i) research centres and bodies concerned with lifelong learning issues; (j) higher education institutions; (k) non-profit organisations, voluntary bodies, NGOs.
Article 25 
Objectives of the Leonardo da Vinci programme 1. In addition to the objectives of the Lifelong Learning Programme as set out in Article 1, the specific objectives of the Leonardo da Vinci programme shall be: (a) to support participants in training and further training activities in the acquisition and the use of knowledge, skills and qualifications to facilitate personal development, employability and participation in the European labour market; (b) to support improvements in quality and innovation in vocational education and training systems, institutions and practices; (c) to enhance the attractiveness of vocational education and training and mobility for employers and individuals and to facilitate the mobility of working trainees. 2. The operational objectives of the Leonardo da Vinci programme shall be: (a) to improve the quality and to increase the volume of mobility throughout Europe of people involved in initial vocational education and training and in continuing training, so as to increase placements in enterprises to at least 80 000 per year by the end of the Lifelong Learning Programme; (b) to improve the quality and to increase the volume of cooperation between institutions or organisations providing learning opportunities, enterprises, social partners and other relevant bodies throughout Europe; (c) to facilitate the development of innovative practices in the field of vocational education and training other than at tertiary level, and their transfer, including from one participating country to others; (d) to improve the transparency and recognition of qualifications and competences, including those acquired through non-formal and informal learning; (e) to encourage the learning of modern foreign languages; (f) to support the development of innovative ICT-based content, services, pedagogies and practice for lifelong learning.
Article 26 
Actions of the Leonardo da Vinci programme 1. The following actions may be supported by the Leonardo da Vinci programme: (a) mobility of individuals, as referred to in Article 5(1)(a). In arranging for or supporting the organisation of such mobility, the necessary preparatory measures, including language preparation, shall be adopted and care shall be taken to ensure that adequate supervision and support is available for individuals in mobility. Such mobility may include: (i) transnational placements in enterprises or in training institutions; (ii) placements and exchanges aimed at the further professional development of trainers and guidance counsellors, and at those responsible for training establishments and for training planning and career guidance within enterprises; (i) transnational placements in enterprises or in training institutions; (ii) placements and exchanges aimed at the further professional development of trainers and guidance counsellors, and at those responsible for training establishments and for training planning and career guidance within enterprises; (b) partnerships, as referred to in Article 5(1)(b), focusing on themes of mutual interest to the participating organisations; (c) multilateral projects, as referred to in Article 5(1)(c), in particular those aimed at improving training systems by focusing on the transfer of innovation involving the linguistic, cultural and legal adaptation to national needs of innovative products and processes developed in different contexts; (d) multilateral projects, as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), aimed at improving training systems by focusing on the development of innovation and good practice; (e) thematic networks of experts and organisations, as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), working on specific issues related to vocational education and training; (f) other initiatives aimed at promoting the objectives of the Leonardo da Vinci programme, as referred to in Article 5(1)(h) (‘accompanying measures’). 2. The operational details of such actions shall be decided in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 10(2).
Article 27 
Amounts allocated to the Leonardo da Vinci programme Not less than 60 % of the amounts allocated to the Leonardo da Vinci programme shall be devoted to support for mobility and partnerships as referred to in Article 26(1)(a) and (b).
Article 28 
Access to the Grundtvig programme Within the framework of the Lifelong Learning Programme, the Grundtvig programme shall be aimed at: (a) learners in adult education; (b) institutions or organisations providing learning opportunities in adult education; (c) teachers and other staff within those institutions or organisations; (d) establishments involved in the initial or further training of adult education staff; (e) associations and representatives of those involved in adult education, including learners' and teachers' associations; (f) bodies providing guidance, counselling and information services relating to any aspect of lifelong learning; (g) persons and bodies responsible for systems and policies concerning any aspect of adult education at local, regional and national level; (h) research centres and bodies concerned with lifelong learning issues; (i) enterprises; (j) non-profit organisations, voluntary bodies, NGOs; (k) higher education institutions.
Article 29 
Objectives of the Grundtvig programme 1. In addition to the objectives of the Lifelong Learning Programme set out in Article 1, the specific objectives of the Grundtvig programme shall be: (a) to respond to the educational challenge of an ageing population in Europe; (b) to help provide adults with pathways to improving their knowledge and competences. 2. The operational objectives of the Grundtvig programme shall be: (a) to improve the quality and accessibility of mobility throughout Europe of individuals involved in adult education and to increase its volume so as to support the mobility of at least 7 000 such individuals per year by 2013; (b) to improve the quality and to increase the volume of cooperation between organisations involved in adult education throughout Europe; (c) to assist people from vulnerable social groups and in marginal social contexts, in particular older people and those who have left education without basic qualifications, in order to give them alternative opportunities to access adult education; (d) to facilitate the development of innovative practices in adult education and their transfer, including from a participating country to others; (e) to support the development of innovative ICT-based content, services, pedagogies and practice for lifelong learning; (f) to improve pedagogical approaches and the management of adult education organisations.
Article 30 
Actions of the Grundtvig programme 1. The following actions may be supported by the Grundtvig programme: (a) mobility of individuals, as referred to in Article 5(1)(a). In arranging for or supporting the organisation of such mobility, the necessary preparatory measures shall be adopted and care shall be taken to ensure that adequate supervision and support is available for individuals in mobility. Such mobility may include visits, assistantships and exchanges for participants in formal and non-formal adult education, including the training and professional development of adult education staff, especially in synergy with partnerships and projects; (b) partnerships, as referred to in Article 5(1)(b), known as ‘Grundtvig learning partnerships’, focusing on themes of mutual interest to the participating organisations; (c) multilateral projects, as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), aimed at improving adult education systems through the development and transfer of innovation and good practice; (d) thematic networks of experts and organisations, as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), known as ‘Grundtvig networks’, working in particular on: (i) developing adult education in the discipline, subject area or management aspect to which they relate; (ii) identifying , improving and disseminating relevant good practice and innovation; (iii) providing content support to projects and partnerships set up by others and facilitating interactivity between such projects and partnerships; (iv) promoting the development of needs analysis and quality assurance within adult education; (i) developing adult education in the discipline, subject area or management aspect to which they relate; (ii) identifying , improving and disseminating relevant good practice and innovation; (iii) providing content support to projects and partnerships set up by others and facilitating interactivity between such projects and partnerships; (iv) promoting the development of needs analysis and quality assurance within adult education; (e) other initiatives aimed at promoting the objectives of the Grundtvig programme, as referred to in Article 5(1)(h) (‘accompanying measures’). 2. The operational details of such actions shall be decided in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 10(2).
Article 31 
Amounts allocated to the Grundtvig programme Not less than 55 % of the amounts allocated to the Grundtvig programme shall be devoted to support for mobility and partnerships as referred to in Article 30(1)(a) and (b).
Article 32 
Objectives of the transversal programme 1. In addition to the objectives of the Lifelong Learning Programme as set out in Article 1, the specific objectives of the transversal programme shall be: (a) to promote European cooperation in fields covering two or more sectoral sub-programmes; (b) to promote the quality and transparency of Member States' education and training systems. 2. The operational objectives of the transversal programme shall be: (a) to support policy development and cooperation at European level in lifelong learning, notably in the context of the Lisbon process and Education and Training 2010 Work Programme, as well as the Bologna and Copenhagen processes and their successors; (b) to ensure an adequate supply of comparable data, statistics and analyses to underpin lifelong learning policy development, as well as to monitor progress towards objectives and targets in lifelong learning, and to identify areas for particular attention; (c) to promote language learning and to support linguistic diversity in the Member States; (d) to support the development of innovative ICT-based content, services, pedagogies and practice for lifelong learning; (e) to ensure that the results of the Lifelong Learning Programme are appropriately recognised, demonstrated and implemented on a wide scale.
Article 33 
Actions of the transversal programme 1. The following actions may be supported under the key activity of policy cooperation and innovation in lifelong learning, as referred to in Article 3(2)(a): (a) individual mobility, as referred to in Article 5(1)(a), including study visits for experts and officials designated by national, regional and local authorities, for directors of education and training establishments and guidance and experience accreditation services, and for social partners; (b) multilateral projects, as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), aimed at preparing and testing policy proposals developed at Community level and innovation in lifelong learning; (c) multilateral networks, as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), of experts and/or institutions working together on policy issues. Such networks may include: (i) thematic networks working on issues related to the content of lifelong learning or to lifelong learning methodologies and policies. Such networks may observe, exchange, identify and analyse good practice and innovation, and make proposals for a better and wider use of such practices across the Member States; (ii) forums on strategic issues in lifelong learning; (i) thematic networks working on issues related to the content of lifelong learning or to lifelong learning methodologies and policies. Such networks may observe, exchange, identify and analyse good practice and innovation, and make proposals for a better and wider use of such practices across the Member States; (ii) forums on strategic issues in lifelong learning; (d) observation and analysis of policies and systems in the field of lifelong learning, as referred to in Article 5(1)(f), which may include: (i) studies and comparative research; (ii) development of indicators and statistical surveys, including support for work undertaken in the field of lifelong learning in cooperation with Eurostat; (iii) support for the operation of the Eurydice network and funding of the Eurydice European Unit set up by the Commission; (i) studies and comparative research; (ii) development of indicators and statistical surveys, including support for work undertaken in the field of lifelong learning in cooperation with Eurostat; (iii) support for the operation of the Eurydice network and funding of the Eurydice European Unit set up by the Commission; (e) action to support transparency and recognition of qualifications and competences including those acquired through non-formal and informal learning, information and guidance on mobility for learning purposes, and cooperation in quality assurance, as referred to in Article 5(1)(f), which may include: (i) networks of organisations which facilitate mobility and recognition, such as Euroguidance and National Academic Recognition Information Centres (NARICs); (ii) support for transnational web-based services such as Ploteus; (iii) activities under the Europass initiative in accordance with Decision No 2241/2004/EC; (i) networks of organisations which facilitate mobility and recognition, such as Euroguidance and National Academic Recognition Information Centres (NARICs); (ii) support for transnational web-based services such as Ploteus; (iii) activities under the Europass initiative in accordance with Decision No 2241/2004/EC; (f) other initiatives, as referred to in Article 5(1)(h) (accompanying measures), including peer-learning activities aimed at promoting the objectives of the key activity referred to in Article 3(2)(a). 2. The following actions, designed to address teaching and learning needs concerning more than one sub-programme area, may be supported under the key activity of language learning, as referred to in Article 3(2)(b): (a) multilateral projects, as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), aimed, inter alia, at: (i) developing new language learning materials, including online courses, and instruments for language testing; (ii) developing tools and courses for training language teachers, trainers and other staff; (i) developing new language learning materials, including online courses, and instruments for language testing; (ii) developing tools and courses for training language teachers, trainers and other staff; (b) multilateral networks as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), in the field of language learning and linguistic diversity; (c) other initiatives in line with the objectives of the Lifelong Learning Programme, as referred to in Article 5(1)(h), including activities to make language learning more attractive to learners through the mass media and/or marketing, publicity and information campaigns, as well as conferences, studies and the development of statistical indicators in the field of language learning and linguistic diversity. 3. The following actions, designed to address teaching and learning needs concerning more than one sub-programme area, may be supported under the key activity of ICT, as referred to in Article 3(2)(c): (a) multilateral projects, as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), aimed at the development and distribution, as appropriate, of innovative methods, contents, services and environments; (b) multilateral networks as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), aimed at sharing and exchanging knowledge, experience and good practice; (c) other action aimed at improving lifelong learning policy and practice, as described in Article 5(1)(f), which may include mechanisms for evaluation, observation, benchmarking, quality improvement and the analysis of trends with respect to technology and pedagogy. 4. The following actions may be supported under the key activity of dissemination, as referred to in Article 3(2)(d): (a) unilateral and national projects, as referred to in Article 5(1)(d); (b) multilateral projects, as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), aimed inter alia at: (i) supporting the exploitation and implementation of innovative products and processes; (ii) stimulating cooperation between projects operating in the same field; (iii) developing good practice with regard to dissemination methods; (i) supporting the exploitation and implementation of innovative products and processes; (ii) stimulating cooperation between projects operating in the same field; (iii) developing good practice with regard to dissemination methods; (c) the establishment of reference material as referred to in Article 5(1)(f), which may include the collection of relevant statistical data and studies in the field of dissemination, the exploitation of results and the exchange of good practice.
Article 34 
Access to the Jean Monnet programme Within the framework of the Lifelong Learning Programme, the Jean Monnet programme shall be aimed at: (a) students and researchers in the field of European integration in all forms of higher education within and outside the Community; (b) higher education institutions within and outside the Community as recognised within their own countries; (c) teachers and other staff within those institutions; (d) associations and representatives of those involved in education and training within and outside the Community; (e) public and private bodies responsible for the organisation and delivery of education and training at local, regional and national levels; (f) research centres and bodies concerned with issues relating to European integration within and outside the Community.
Article 35 
Objectives of the Jean Monnet programme 1. In addition to the objectives of the Lifelong Learning Programme as set out in Article 1, the specific objectives of the Jean Monnet programme shall be: (a) to stimulate teaching, research and reflection activities in the field of European integration studies; (b) to support the existence of an appropriate range of institutions and associations focusing on issues relating to European integration and on education and training in a European perspective. 2. The operational objectives of the Jean Monnet programme shall be: (a) to stimulate excellence in teaching, research and reflection in European integration studies in higher education institutions within and outside the Community; (b) to enhance knowledge and awareness among specialist academics and among European citizens generally of issues relating to European integration; (c) to support key European institutions dealing with issues relating to European integration; (d) to support the existence of high-quality European institutions and associations active in the fields of education and training.
Article 36 
Actions of the Jean Monnet programme 1. The following actions may be supported under the key activity referred to in Article 3(3)(a): (a) unilateral and national projects, as referred to in Article 5(1)(d), which may include: (i) Jean Monnet Chairs, centres of excellence and teaching modules; (ii) associations of professors, other teachers in higher education, and researchers specialising in European integration; (iii) support for young researchers specialising in European integration studies; (iv) information and research activities relating to the Community with the aim of promoting discussion, reflection and knowledge about the process of European integration; (i) Jean Monnet Chairs, centres of excellence and teaching modules; (ii) associations of professors, other teachers in higher education, and researchers specialising in European integration; (iii) support for young researchers specialising in European integration studies; (iv) information and research activities relating to the Community with the aim of promoting discussion, reflection and knowledge about the process of European integration; (b) multilateral projects and networks, as referred to in Article 5(1)(e), which may include support for the establishment of multilateral research groups in the field of European integration. 2. Operating grants as referred to in Article 5(1)(g) to support certain operational and administrative costs of the following institutions pursuing an aim of European interest may be awarded under the key activity referred to in Article 3(3)(b): (a) the College of Europe (Bruges and Natolin campuses); (b) the European University Institute, Florence; (c) the European Institute of Public Administration, Maastricht; (d) the Academy of European Law, Trier; (e) the European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education, Middelfart; (f) the International Centre for European Training (CIFE), Nice. 3. Under the key activity referred to in Article 3(3)(c), operating grants as referred to in Article 5(1)(g) may be awarded to support certain operational and administrative costs of European institutions or associations active in the fields of education and training. 4. Grants may be awarded on an annual basis or on a renewable basis within a framework partnership agreement with the Commission.
Article 37 
Amounts allocated to the Jean Monnet programme Not less than 16 % of the amounts allocated to the Jean Monnet programme shall be devoted to support for the key activity referred to in Article 3(3)(a), not less than 65 % to the key activity referred to in Article 3(3)(b), and not less than 19 % to the key activity referred to in Article 3(3)(c).
Article 38 
TRANSITIONAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS 1. Actions which are initiated on or before 31 December 2006 on the basis of Decision 1999/382/EC, Decision No 253/2000/EC, Decision No 2318/2003/EC, Decision No 791/2004/EC or Decision No 2241/2004/EC, shall be administered in conformity with the provisions of those Decisions, with the exception that the committees established by those Decisions shall be replaced by the committee established by Article 10 of this Decision. 2. As provided for by Article 18 of Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1605/2002, the appropriations corresponding to assigned revenue arising from the repayment of amounts wrongly paid pursuant to Decision 1999/382/EC, Decision No 253/2000/EC, Decision No 2318/2003/EC, Decision No 791/2004/EC or Decision No 2241/2004/EC, may be made available to the Lifelong Learning Programme.
Article 39 
Entry into force This Decision shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union .