Article 9 
Exemptions 1. Where at an airport, specific constraints of available space or capacity, arising in particular from congestion and area utilization rate, make it impossible to open up the market and/or implement self-handling to the degree provided for in this Directive, the Member State in question may decide: (a) to limit the number of suppliers for one or more categories of groundhandling services other than those referred to in Article 6 (2) in all or part of the airport; in this case the provisions of Article 6 (2) and (3) shall apply; (b) to reserve to a single supplier one or more of the categories of groundhandling services referred to in Article 6 (2); (c) to reserve self-handling to a limited number of airport users for categories of groundhandling services other than those referred to in Article 7 (2), provided that those users are chosen on the basis of relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory criteria; (d) to ban self-handling or to restrict it to a single airport user for the categories of groundhandling services referred to in Article 7 (2). 2. All exemptions decided pursuant to paragraph 1 must: (a) specify the category or categories of groundhandling services for which the exemption is granted and the specific constraints of available space or capacity which justify it; (b) be accompanied by a plan of appropriate measures to overcome the constraints. Moreover, exemptions must not: (i) unduly prejudice the aims of this Directive; (ii) give rise to distortions of competition between suppliers of groundhandling services and/or self-handling airport users; (iii) extend further than necessary. 3. Member States shall notify the Commission, at least three months before they enter into force, of any exemptions they grant on the basis of paragraph 1 and of the grounds which justify them. The Commission shall publish a summary of the decisions of which it is notified in the Official Journal of the European Communities and shall invite interested parties to submit comments. 4. The Commission shall examine closely exemption decisions submitted by Member States. To that end the Commission shall make a detailed analysis of the situation and a study of the appropriate measures submitted by the Member State to check that the alleged constraints exist and that it is impossible to open up the market and/or implement self-handling to the degree provided for in this Directive. 5. Further to that examination and after consulting the Member State concerned, the Commission may approve the Member State's decision or oppose it if it deems that the alleged constraints have not been proved to exist or that they are not so severe as to justify the exemption. After consulting the Member State concerned the Commission may also require the Member State to amend the extent of the exemption or restrict it to those parts of an airport or airport system where the alleged constraints have been proved to exist. The Commission's decision shall be taken no later than three months after notification by the Member State and shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities . 6. Exemptions granted by Member States pursuant to paragraph 1 may not exceed a duration of three years except for exemptions granted under paragraph 1 (b). Not later than three months before the end of that period the Member State must take a new decision on any request for exemption, which will also be subject to the procedure laid down in this Article. Exemptions under paragraph 1 (b) may not exceed a duration of two years. However, a Member State may on the basis of the provisions of paragraph 1 request that this period be extended by a single period of two years. The Commission, assisted by the Committee referred to in Article 10, shall decide on such request. Article 10 Advisory Committee 1. The Commission shall be assisted by a committee. 2. The Committee shall advise the Commission on the application of Article 9. 3. The Committee may furthermore be consulted on any other matter concerning the application of this Directive. 4. Where reference is made to this Article, Articles 3 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC ( 9 ) shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof. 5. The Committee shall adopt its rules of procedure. Article 11 Selection of suppliers 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures for the organization of a selection procedure for suppliers authorized to provide groundhandling services at an airport where their number is limited in the cases provided for in Article 6 (2) or Article 9. This procedure must comply with the following principles: (a) In cases where Member States require the establishment of standard conditions or technical specifications to be met by the suppliers of groundhandling services, those conditions or specifications shall be established following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee. The selection criteria laid down in the standard conditions or technical specifications must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. After having notified the Commission, the Member State concerned may include among the standard conditions or technical specifications with which suppliers of groundhandling services must comply a public service obligation in respect of airports serving peripheral or developing regions which are part of its territory, which have no commercial interest but which are of vital importance for the Member State concerned. (a) In cases where Member States require the establishment of standard conditions or technical specifications to be met by the suppliers of groundhandling services, those conditions or specifications shall be established following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee. The selection criteria laid down in the standard conditions or technical specifications must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. After having notified the Commission, the Member State concerned may include among the standard conditions or technical specifications with which suppliers of groundhandling services must comply a public service obligation in respect of airports serving peripheral or developing regions which are part of its territory, which have no commercial interest but which are of vital importance for the Member State concerned. (b) An invitation to tender must be launched and published in the Official Journal of the European Communities , to which any interested supplier of groundhandling services may reply. (c) Suppliers of groundhandling services shall be chosen: (i) following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee by the managing body of the airport, provided the latter: — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; (ii) in all other cases, by competent authorities of the Member States which are independent of the managing body of the airport concerned, and which shall first consult the Airport Users' Committee and that managing body. (c) Suppliers of groundhandling services shall be chosen: (i) following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee by the managing body of the airport, provided the latter: — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; (ii) in all other cases, by competent authorities of the Member States which are independent of the managing body of the airport concerned, and which shall first consult the Airport Users' Committee and that managing body. (i) following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee by the managing body of the airport, provided the latter: — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; (i) following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee by the managing body of the airport, provided the latter: — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; (ii) in all other cases, by competent authorities of the Member States which are independent of the managing body of the airport concerned, and which shall first consult the Airport Users' Committee and that managing body. (d) Suppliers of groundhandling services shall be selected for a maximum period of seven years. (e) Where a supplier of groundhandling services ceases his activity before the end of the period for which he was selected, he shall be replaced on the basis of the same procedure. 2. Where the number of suppliers of groundhandling services is limited in accordance with Article 6 (2) or Article 9, the managing body of the airport may itself provide groundhandling services without being subject to the selection procedure laid down in paragraph 1. Similarly, it may, without submitting it to the said procedure, authorize an undertaking to provide groundhandling services at the airport in question: — if it controls that undertaking directly or indirectly; or — if the undertaking controls it directly or indirectly. 3. The managing body of the airport shall inform the Airport Users' Committee of decisions taken under this Article. Article 12 Island airports In the context of the selection of suppliers of groundhandling services at an airport as provided for in Article 11, a Member State may extend the obligation of public service to other airports in that Member State provided: — those airports are located on islands in the same geographical region; and — such airports each have a traffic volume of no less than 100 000 passenger movements per year; and — such an extension is approved by the Commission with the assistance of the Committee referred to in Article 10. Article 13 Consultations Member States shall see to it that a compulsory consultation procedure relating to the application of this Directive is organized between the managing body of the airport, the Airport Users' Committee and the undertakings providing groundhandling services. This consultation shall cover, inter alia, the price of those groundhandling services for which an exemption has been granted pursuant to Article 9 (1) (b) and the organization of the provision of those services. Such consultation shall be organized at least once a year. Article 14 Approval 1. Member States may make the groundhandling activity of a supplier of groundhandling services or a self-handling user at an airport conditional upon obtaining the approval of a public authority independent of the managing body of the airport. The criteria for such approval must relate to a sound financial situation and sufficient insurance cover, to the security and safety of installations, of aircraft, of equipment and of persons, as well as to environmental protection and compliance with the relevant social legislation. The criteria must comply with the following principles: (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive. These criteria shall be made public and the supplier of groundhandling services or self-handling airport user shall be informed in advance of the procedure for obtaining approval. 2. The approval may be withheld or withdrawn only if the supplier of groundhandling services or self-handling airport user does not meet, for reasons of his own doing, the criteria referred to in paragraph 1. The grounds for witholding or withdrawal must be communicated to the supplier or user concerned and to the managing body of the airport. Article 15 Rules of conduct A Member State may, where appropriate on a proposal from the managing body of the airport: — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — in particular require suppliers of groundhandling services at an airport to participate in a fair and non-discriminatory manner in carrying out the public service obligations laid down in national laws or rules, including the obligation to ensure continuous service. Article 16 Access to installations 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users wishing to self-handle have access to airport installations to the extent necessary for them to carry out their activities. If the managing body of the airport or, where appropriate, the public authority or any other body which controls it places conditions upon such access, those conditions must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. 2. The space available for groundhandling at an airport must be divided among the various suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users, including new entrants in the field, to the extent necessary for the exercise of their rights and to allow effective and fair competition, on the basis of the relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory rules and criteria. 3. Where access to airport installations gives rise to the collection of a fee, the latter shall be determined according to relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory criteria. Article 17 Safety and security The provisions of this Directive in no way affect the rights and obligations of Member States in respect of law and order, safety and security at airports. Article 18 Social and environmental protection Without prejudice to the application of this Directive, and subject to the other provisions of Community law, Member States may take the necessary measures to ensure protection of the rights of workers and respect for the environment. Article 19 Compliance with national provisions A supplier of groundhandling services at an airport in a Member State shall be required to comply with the provisions of national law which are compatible with Community law. Article 20 Reciprocity 1. Without prejudice to the international commitments of the Community, whenever it appears that a third country, with respect to access to the groundhandling or self-handling market: (a) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State treatment comparable to that granted by Member States to suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from that country; or (b) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State national treatment; or (c) grants suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from other third countries more favourable treatment than suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State; 1. a Member State may wholly or partially suspend the obligations arising from this Directive in respect of suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users from that third country, in accordance with Community law. 2. The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of any withdrawal or suspension of rights or obligations. Article 21 Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 10 
Advisory Committee 1. The Commission shall be assisted by a committee. 2. The Committee shall advise the Commission on the application of Article 9. 3. The Committee may furthermore be consulted on any other matter concerning the application of this Directive. 4. Where reference is made to this Article, Articles 3 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC ( 9 ) shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof. 5. The Committee shall adopt its rules of procedure. Article 11 Selection of suppliers 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures for the organization of a selection procedure for suppliers authorized to provide groundhandling services at an airport where their number is limited in the cases provided for in Article 6 (2) or Article 9. This procedure must comply with the following principles: (a) In cases where Member States require the establishment of standard conditions or technical specifications to be met by the suppliers of groundhandling services, those conditions or specifications shall be established following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee. The selection criteria laid down in the standard conditions or technical specifications must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. After having notified the Commission, the Member State concerned may include among the standard conditions or technical specifications with which suppliers of groundhandling services must comply a public service obligation in respect of airports serving peripheral or developing regions which are part of its territory, which have no commercial interest but which are of vital importance for the Member State concerned. (a) In cases where Member States require the establishment of standard conditions or technical specifications to be met by the suppliers of groundhandling services, those conditions or specifications shall be established following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee. The selection criteria laid down in the standard conditions or technical specifications must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. After having notified the Commission, the Member State concerned may include among the standard conditions or technical specifications with which suppliers of groundhandling services must comply a public service obligation in respect of airports serving peripheral or developing regions which are part of its territory, which have no commercial interest but which are of vital importance for the Member State concerned. (b) An invitation to tender must be launched and published in the Official Journal of the European Communities , to which any interested supplier of groundhandling services may reply. (c) Suppliers of groundhandling services shall be chosen: (i) following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee by the managing body of the airport, provided the latter: — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; (ii) in all other cases, by competent authorities of the Member States which are independent of the managing body of the airport concerned, and which shall first consult the Airport Users' Committee and that managing body. (c) Suppliers of groundhandling services shall be chosen: (i) following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee by the managing body of the airport, provided the latter: — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; (ii) in all other cases, by competent authorities of the Member States which are independent of the managing body of the airport concerned, and which shall first consult the Airport Users' Committee and that managing body. (i) following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee by the managing body of the airport, provided the latter: — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; (i) following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee by the managing body of the airport, provided the latter: — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; (ii) in all other cases, by competent authorities of the Member States which are independent of the managing body of the airport concerned, and which shall first consult the Airport Users' Committee and that managing body. (d) Suppliers of groundhandling services shall be selected for a maximum period of seven years. (e) Where a supplier of groundhandling services ceases his activity before the end of the period for which he was selected, he shall be replaced on the basis of the same procedure. 2. Where the number of suppliers of groundhandling services is limited in accordance with Article 6 (2) or Article 9, the managing body of the airport may itself provide groundhandling services without being subject to the selection procedure laid down in paragraph 1. Similarly, it may, without submitting it to the said procedure, authorize an undertaking to provide groundhandling services at the airport in question: — if it controls that undertaking directly or indirectly; or — if the undertaking controls it directly or indirectly. 3. The managing body of the airport shall inform the Airport Users' Committee of decisions taken under this Article. Article 12 Island airports In the context of the selection of suppliers of groundhandling services at an airport as provided for in Article 11, a Member State may extend the obligation of public service to other airports in that Member State provided: — those airports are located on islands in the same geographical region; and — such airports each have a traffic volume of no less than 100 000 passenger movements per year; and — such an extension is approved by the Commission with the assistance of the Committee referred to in Article 10. Article 13 Consultations Member States shall see to it that a compulsory consultation procedure relating to the application of this Directive is organized between the managing body of the airport, the Airport Users' Committee and the undertakings providing groundhandling services. This consultation shall cover, inter alia, the price of those groundhandling services for which an exemption has been granted pursuant to Article 9 (1) (b) and the organization of the provision of those services. Such consultation shall be organized at least once a year. Article 14 Approval 1. Member States may make the groundhandling activity of a supplier of groundhandling services or a self-handling user at an airport conditional upon obtaining the approval of a public authority independent of the managing body of the airport. The criteria for such approval must relate to a sound financial situation and sufficient insurance cover, to the security and safety of installations, of aircraft, of equipment and of persons, as well as to environmental protection and compliance with the relevant social legislation. The criteria must comply with the following principles: (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive. These criteria shall be made public and the supplier of groundhandling services or self-handling airport user shall be informed in advance of the procedure for obtaining approval. 2. The approval may be withheld or withdrawn only if the supplier of groundhandling services or self-handling airport user does not meet, for reasons of his own doing, the criteria referred to in paragraph 1. The grounds for witholding or withdrawal must be communicated to the supplier or user concerned and to the managing body of the airport. Article 15 Rules of conduct A Member State may, where appropriate on a proposal from the managing body of the airport: — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — in particular require suppliers of groundhandling services at an airport to participate in a fair and non-discriminatory manner in carrying out the public service obligations laid down in national laws or rules, including the obligation to ensure continuous service. Article 16 Access to installations 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users wishing to self-handle have access to airport installations to the extent necessary for them to carry out their activities. If the managing body of the airport or, where appropriate, the public authority or any other body which controls it places conditions upon such access, those conditions must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. 2. The space available for groundhandling at an airport must be divided among the various suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users, including new entrants in the field, to the extent necessary for the exercise of their rights and to allow effective and fair competition, on the basis of the relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory rules and criteria. 3. Where access to airport installations gives rise to the collection of a fee, the latter shall be determined according to relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory criteria. Article 17 Safety and security The provisions of this Directive in no way affect the rights and obligations of Member States in respect of law and order, safety and security at airports. Article 18 Social and environmental protection Without prejudice to the application of this Directive, and subject to the other provisions of Community law, Member States may take the necessary measures to ensure protection of the rights of workers and respect for the environment. Article 19 Compliance with national provisions A supplier of groundhandling services at an airport in a Member State shall be required to comply with the provisions of national law which are compatible with Community law. Article 20 Reciprocity 1. Without prejudice to the international commitments of the Community, whenever it appears that a third country, with respect to access to the groundhandling or self-handling market: (a) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State treatment comparable to that granted by Member States to suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from that country; or (b) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State national treatment; or (c) grants suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from other third countries more favourable treatment than suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State; 1. a Member State may wholly or partially suspend the obligations arising from this Directive in respect of suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users from that third country, in accordance with Community law. 2. The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of any withdrawal or suspension of rights or obligations. Article 21 Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 11 
Selection of suppliers 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures for the organization of a selection procedure for suppliers authorized to provide groundhandling services at an airport where their number is limited in the cases provided for in Article 6 (2) or Article 9. This procedure must comply with the following principles: (a) In cases where Member States require the establishment of standard conditions or technical specifications to be met by the suppliers of groundhandling services, those conditions or specifications shall be established following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee. The selection criteria laid down in the standard conditions or technical specifications must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. After having notified the Commission, the Member State concerned may include among the standard conditions or technical specifications with which suppliers of groundhandling services must comply a public service obligation in respect of airports serving peripheral or developing regions which are part of its territory, which have no commercial interest but which are of vital importance for the Member State concerned. (a) In cases where Member States require the establishment of standard conditions or technical specifications to be met by the suppliers of groundhandling services, those conditions or specifications shall be established following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee. The selection criteria laid down in the standard conditions or technical specifications must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. After having notified the Commission, the Member State concerned may include among the standard conditions or technical specifications with which suppliers of groundhandling services must comply a public service obligation in respect of airports serving peripheral or developing regions which are part of its territory, which have no commercial interest but which are of vital importance for the Member State concerned. (b) An invitation to tender must be launched and published in the Official Journal of the European Communities , to which any interested supplier of groundhandling services may reply. (c) Suppliers of groundhandling services shall be chosen: (i) following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee by the managing body of the airport, provided the latter: — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; (ii) in all other cases, by competent authorities of the Member States which are independent of the managing body of the airport concerned, and which shall first consult the Airport Users' Committee and that managing body. (c) Suppliers of groundhandling services shall be chosen: (i) following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee by the managing body of the airport, provided the latter: — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; (ii) in all other cases, by competent authorities of the Member States which are independent of the managing body of the airport concerned, and which shall first consult the Airport Users' Committee and that managing body. (i) following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee by the managing body of the airport, provided the latter: — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; (i) following consultation with the Airport Users' Committee by the managing body of the airport, provided the latter: — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; — does not provide similar groundhandling services; and — has no direct or indirect control over any undertaking which provides such services; and — has no involvement in any such undertaking; (ii) in all other cases, by competent authorities of the Member States which are independent of the managing body of the airport concerned, and which shall first consult the Airport Users' Committee and that managing body. (d) Suppliers of groundhandling services shall be selected for a maximum period of seven years. (e) Where a supplier of groundhandling services ceases his activity before the end of the period for which he was selected, he shall be replaced on the basis of the same procedure. 2. Where the number of suppliers of groundhandling services is limited in accordance with Article 6 (2) or Article 9, the managing body of the airport may itself provide groundhandling services without being subject to the selection procedure laid down in paragraph 1. Similarly, it may, without submitting it to the said procedure, authorize an undertaking to provide groundhandling services at the airport in question: — if it controls that undertaking directly or indirectly; or — if the undertaking controls it directly or indirectly. 3. The managing body of the airport shall inform the Airport Users' Committee of decisions taken under this Article. Article 12 Island airports In the context of the selection of suppliers of groundhandling services at an airport as provided for in Article 11, a Member State may extend the obligation of public service to other airports in that Member State provided: — those airports are located on islands in the same geographical region; and — such airports each have a traffic volume of no less than 100 000 passenger movements per year; and — such an extension is approved by the Commission with the assistance of the Committee referred to in Article 10. Article 13 Consultations Member States shall see to it that a compulsory consultation procedure relating to the application of this Directive is organized between the managing body of the airport, the Airport Users' Committee and the undertakings providing groundhandling services. This consultation shall cover, inter alia, the price of those groundhandling services for which an exemption has been granted pursuant to Article 9 (1) (b) and the organization of the provision of those services. Such consultation shall be organized at least once a year. Article 14 Approval 1. Member States may make the groundhandling activity of a supplier of groundhandling services or a self-handling user at an airport conditional upon obtaining the approval of a public authority independent of the managing body of the airport. The criteria for such approval must relate to a sound financial situation and sufficient insurance cover, to the security and safety of installations, of aircraft, of equipment and of persons, as well as to environmental protection and compliance with the relevant social legislation. The criteria must comply with the following principles: (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive. These criteria shall be made public and the supplier of groundhandling services or self-handling airport user shall be informed in advance of the procedure for obtaining approval. 2. The approval may be withheld or withdrawn only if the supplier of groundhandling services or self-handling airport user does not meet, for reasons of his own doing, the criteria referred to in paragraph 1. The grounds for witholding or withdrawal must be communicated to the supplier or user concerned and to the managing body of the airport. Article 15 Rules of conduct A Member State may, where appropriate on a proposal from the managing body of the airport: — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — in particular require suppliers of groundhandling services at an airport to participate in a fair and non-discriminatory manner in carrying out the public service obligations laid down in national laws or rules, including the obligation to ensure continuous service. Article 16 Access to installations 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users wishing to self-handle have access to airport installations to the extent necessary for them to carry out their activities. If the managing body of the airport or, where appropriate, the public authority or any other body which controls it places conditions upon such access, those conditions must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. 2. The space available for groundhandling at an airport must be divided among the various suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users, including new entrants in the field, to the extent necessary for the exercise of their rights and to allow effective and fair competition, on the basis of the relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory rules and criteria. 3. Where access to airport installations gives rise to the collection of a fee, the latter shall be determined according to relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory criteria. Article 17 Safety and security The provisions of this Directive in no way affect the rights and obligations of Member States in respect of law and order, safety and security at airports. Article 18 Social and environmental protection Without prejudice to the application of this Directive, and subject to the other provisions of Community law, Member States may take the necessary measures to ensure protection of the rights of workers and respect for the environment. Article 19 Compliance with national provisions A supplier of groundhandling services at an airport in a Member State shall be required to comply with the provisions of national law which are compatible with Community law. Article 20 Reciprocity 1. Without prejudice to the international commitments of the Community, whenever it appears that a third country, with respect to access to the groundhandling or self-handling market: (a) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State treatment comparable to that granted by Member States to suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from that country; or (b) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State national treatment; or (c) grants suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from other third countries more favourable treatment than suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State; 1. a Member State may wholly or partially suspend the obligations arising from this Directive in respect of suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users from that third country, in accordance with Community law. 2. The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of any withdrawal or suspension of rights or obligations. Article 21 Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 12 
Island airports In the context of the selection of suppliers of groundhandling services at an airport as provided for in Article 11, a Member State may extend the obligation of public service to other airports in that Member State provided: — those airports are located on islands in the same geographical region; and — such airports each have a traffic volume of no less than 100 000 passenger movements per year; and — such an extension is approved by the Commission with the assistance of the Committee referred to in Article 10. Article 13 Consultations Member States shall see to it that a compulsory consultation procedure relating to the application of this Directive is organized between the managing body of the airport, the Airport Users' Committee and the undertakings providing groundhandling services. This consultation shall cover, inter alia, the price of those groundhandling services for which an exemption has been granted pursuant to Article 9 (1) (b) and the organization of the provision of those services. Such consultation shall be organized at least once a year. Article 14 Approval 1. Member States may make the groundhandling activity of a supplier of groundhandling services or a self-handling user at an airport conditional upon obtaining the approval of a public authority independent of the managing body of the airport. The criteria for such approval must relate to a sound financial situation and sufficient insurance cover, to the security and safety of installations, of aircraft, of equipment and of persons, as well as to environmental protection and compliance with the relevant social legislation. The criteria must comply with the following principles: (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive. These criteria shall be made public and the supplier of groundhandling services or self-handling airport user shall be informed in advance of the procedure for obtaining approval. 2. The approval may be withheld or withdrawn only if the supplier of groundhandling services or self-handling airport user does not meet, for reasons of his own doing, the criteria referred to in paragraph 1. The grounds for witholding or withdrawal must be communicated to the supplier or user concerned and to the managing body of the airport. Article 15 Rules of conduct A Member State may, where appropriate on a proposal from the managing body of the airport: — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — in particular require suppliers of groundhandling services at an airport to participate in a fair and non-discriminatory manner in carrying out the public service obligations laid down in national laws or rules, including the obligation to ensure continuous service. Article 16 Access to installations 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users wishing to self-handle have access to airport installations to the extent necessary for them to carry out their activities. If the managing body of the airport or, where appropriate, the public authority or any other body which controls it places conditions upon such access, those conditions must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. 2. The space available for groundhandling at an airport must be divided among the various suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users, including new entrants in the field, to the extent necessary for the exercise of their rights and to allow effective and fair competition, on the basis of the relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory rules and criteria. 3. Where access to airport installations gives rise to the collection of a fee, the latter shall be determined according to relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory criteria. Article 17 Safety and security The provisions of this Directive in no way affect the rights and obligations of Member States in respect of law and order, safety and security at airports. Article 18 Social and environmental protection Without prejudice to the application of this Directive, and subject to the other provisions of Community law, Member States may take the necessary measures to ensure protection of the rights of workers and respect for the environment. Article 19 Compliance with national provisions A supplier of groundhandling services at an airport in a Member State shall be required to comply with the provisions of national law which are compatible with Community law. Article 20 Reciprocity 1. Without prejudice to the international commitments of the Community, whenever it appears that a third country, with respect to access to the groundhandling or self-handling market: (a) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State treatment comparable to that granted by Member States to suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from that country; or (b) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State national treatment; or (c) grants suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from other third countries more favourable treatment than suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State; 1. a Member State may wholly or partially suspend the obligations arising from this Directive in respect of suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users from that third country, in accordance with Community law. 2. The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of any withdrawal or suspension of rights or obligations. Article 21 Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 13 
Consultations Member States shall see to it that a compulsory consultation procedure relating to the application of this Directive is organized between the managing body of the airport, the Airport Users' Committee and the undertakings providing groundhandling services. This consultation shall cover, inter alia, the price of those groundhandling services for which an exemption has been granted pursuant to Article 9 (1) (b) and the organization of the provision of those services. Such consultation shall be organized at least once a year. Article 14 Approval 1. Member States may make the groundhandling activity of a supplier of groundhandling services or a self-handling user at an airport conditional upon obtaining the approval of a public authority independent of the managing body of the airport. The criteria for such approval must relate to a sound financial situation and sufficient insurance cover, to the security and safety of installations, of aircraft, of equipment and of persons, as well as to environmental protection and compliance with the relevant social legislation. The criteria must comply with the following principles: (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive. These criteria shall be made public and the supplier of groundhandling services or self-handling airport user shall be informed in advance of the procedure for obtaining approval. 2. The approval may be withheld or withdrawn only if the supplier of groundhandling services or self-handling airport user does not meet, for reasons of his own doing, the criteria referred to in paragraph 1. The grounds for witholding or withdrawal must be communicated to the supplier or user concerned and to the managing body of the airport. Article 15 Rules of conduct A Member State may, where appropriate on a proposal from the managing body of the airport: — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — in particular require suppliers of groundhandling services at an airport to participate in a fair and non-discriminatory manner in carrying out the public service obligations laid down in national laws or rules, including the obligation to ensure continuous service. Article 16 Access to installations 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users wishing to self-handle have access to airport installations to the extent necessary for them to carry out their activities. If the managing body of the airport or, where appropriate, the public authority or any other body which controls it places conditions upon such access, those conditions must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. 2. The space available for groundhandling at an airport must be divided among the various suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users, including new entrants in the field, to the extent necessary for the exercise of their rights and to allow effective and fair competition, on the basis of the relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory rules and criteria. 3. Where access to airport installations gives rise to the collection of a fee, the latter shall be determined according to relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory criteria. Article 17 Safety and security The provisions of this Directive in no way affect the rights and obligations of Member States in respect of law and order, safety and security at airports. Article 18 Social and environmental protection Without prejudice to the application of this Directive, and subject to the other provisions of Community law, Member States may take the necessary measures to ensure protection of the rights of workers and respect for the environment. Article 19 Compliance with national provisions A supplier of groundhandling services at an airport in a Member State shall be required to comply with the provisions of national law which are compatible with Community law. Article 20 Reciprocity 1. Without prejudice to the international commitments of the Community, whenever it appears that a third country, with respect to access to the groundhandling or self-handling market: (a) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State treatment comparable to that granted by Member States to suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from that country; or (b) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State national treatment; or (c) grants suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from other third countries more favourable treatment than suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State; 1. a Member State may wholly or partially suspend the obligations arising from this Directive in respect of suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users from that third country, in accordance with Community law. 2. The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of any withdrawal or suspension of rights or obligations. Article 21 Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 14 
Approval 1. Member States may make the groundhandling activity of a supplier of groundhandling services or a self-handling user at an airport conditional upon obtaining the approval of a public authority independent of the managing body of the airport. The criteria for such approval must relate to a sound financial situation and sufficient insurance cover, to the security and safety of installations, of aircraft, of equipment and of persons, as well as to environmental protection and compliance with the relevant social legislation. The criteria must comply with the following principles: (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive. These criteria shall be made public and the supplier of groundhandling services or self-handling airport user shall be informed in advance of the procedure for obtaining approval. 2. The approval may be withheld or withdrawn only if the supplier of groundhandling services or self-handling airport user does not meet, for reasons of his own doing, the criteria referred to in paragraph 1. The grounds for witholding or withdrawal must be communicated to the supplier or user concerned and to the managing body of the airport. Article 15 Rules of conduct A Member State may, where appropriate on a proposal from the managing body of the airport: — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — in particular require suppliers of groundhandling services at an airport to participate in a fair and non-discriminatory manner in carrying out the public service obligations laid down in national laws or rules, including the obligation to ensure continuous service. Article 16 Access to installations 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users wishing to self-handle have access to airport installations to the extent necessary for them to carry out their activities. If the managing body of the airport or, where appropriate, the public authority or any other body which controls it places conditions upon such access, those conditions must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. 2. The space available for groundhandling at an airport must be divided among the various suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users, including new entrants in the field, to the extent necessary for the exercise of their rights and to allow effective and fair competition, on the basis of the relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory rules and criteria. 3. Where access to airport installations gives rise to the collection of a fee, the latter shall be determined according to relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory criteria. Article 17 Safety and security The provisions of this Directive in no way affect the rights and obligations of Member States in respect of law and order, safety and security at airports. Article 18 Social and environmental protection Without prejudice to the application of this Directive, and subject to the other provisions of Community law, Member States may take the necessary measures to ensure protection of the rights of workers and respect for the environment. Article 19 Compliance with national provisions A supplier of groundhandling services at an airport in a Member State shall be required to comply with the provisions of national law which are compatible with Community law. Article 20 Reciprocity 1. Without prejudice to the international commitments of the Community, whenever it appears that a third country, with respect to access to the groundhandling or self-handling market: (a) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State treatment comparable to that granted by Member States to suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from that country; or (b) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State national treatment; or (c) grants suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from other third countries more favourable treatment than suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State; 1. a Member State may wholly or partially suspend the obligations arising from this Directive in respect of suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users from that third country, in accordance with Community law. 2. The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of any withdrawal or suspension of rights or obligations. Article 21 Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 15 
Rules of conduct A Member State may, where appropriate on a proposal from the managing body of the airport: — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — prohibit a supplier of groundhandling services or an airport user from supplying groundhandling services or self-handling if that supplier or user fails to comply with the rules imposed upon him to ensure the proper functioning of the airport; — Those rules must comply with the following principles: — (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; (a) they must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner to the various suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users; (b) they must relate to the intended objective; (c) they may not, in practice, reduce market access or the freedom to self-handle to a level below that provided for in this Directive; — in particular require suppliers of groundhandling services at an airport to participate in a fair and non-discriminatory manner in carrying out the public service obligations laid down in national laws or rules, including the obligation to ensure continuous service. Article 16 Access to installations 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users wishing to self-handle have access to airport installations to the extent necessary for them to carry out their activities. If the managing body of the airport or, where appropriate, the public authority or any other body which controls it places conditions upon such access, those conditions must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. 2. The space available for groundhandling at an airport must be divided among the various suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users, including new entrants in the field, to the extent necessary for the exercise of their rights and to allow effective and fair competition, on the basis of the relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory rules and criteria. 3. Where access to airport installations gives rise to the collection of a fee, the latter shall be determined according to relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory criteria. Article 17 Safety and security The provisions of this Directive in no way affect the rights and obligations of Member States in respect of law and order, safety and security at airports. Article 18 Social and environmental protection Without prejudice to the application of this Directive, and subject to the other provisions of Community law, Member States may take the necessary measures to ensure protection of the rights of workers and respect for the environment. Article 19 Compliance with national provisions A supplier of groundhandling services at an airport in a Member State shall be required to comply with the provisions of national law which are compatible with Community law. Article 20 Reciprocity 1. Without prejudice to the international commitments of the Community, whenever it appears that a third country, with respect to access to the groundhandling or self-handling market: (a) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State treatment comparable to that granted by Member States to suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from that country; or (b) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State national treatment; or (c) grants suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from other third countries more favourable treatment than suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State; 1. a Member State may wholly or partially suspend the obligations arising from this Directive in respect of suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users from that third country, in accordance with Community law. 2. The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of any withdrawal or suspension of rights or obligations. Article 21 Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 16 
Access to installations 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users wishing to self-handle have access to airport installations to the extent necessary for them to carry out their activities. If the managing body of the airport or, where appropriate, the public authority or any other body which controls it places conditions upon such access, those conditions must be relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. 2. The space available for groundhandling at an airport must be divided among the various suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users, including new entrants in the field, to the extent necessary for the exercise of their rights and to allow effective and fair competition, on the basis of the relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory rules and criteria. 3. Where access to airport installations gives rise to the collection of a fee, the latter shall be determined according to relevant, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory criteria. Article 17 Safety and security The provisions of this Directive in no way affect the rights and obligations of Member States in respect of law and order, safety and security at airports. Article 18 Social and environmental protection Without prejudice to the application of this Directive, and subject to the other provisions of Community law, Member States may take the necessary measures to ensure protection of the rights of workers and respect for the environment. Article 19 Compliance with national provisions A supplier of groundhandling services at an airport in a Member State shall be required to comply with the provisions of national law which are compatible with Community law. Article 20 Reciprocity 1. Without prejudice to the international commitments of the Community, whenever it appears that a third country, with respect to access to the groundhandling or self-handling market: (a) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State treatment comparable to that granted by Member States to suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from that country; or (b) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State national treatment; or (c) grants suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from other third countries more favourable treatment than suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State; 1. a Member State may wholly or partially suspend the obligations arising from this Directive in respect of suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users from that third country, in accordance with Community law. 2. The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of any withdrawal or suspension of rights or obligations. Article 21 Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 17 
Safety and security The provisions of this Directive in no way affect the rights and obligations of Member States in respect of law and order, safety and security at airports. Article 18 Social and environmental protection Without prejudice to the application of this Directive, and subject to the other provisions of Community law, Member States may take the necessary measures to ensure protection of the rights of workers and respect for the environment. Article 19 Compliance with national provisions A supplier of groundhandling services at an airport in a Member State shall be required to comply with the provisions of national law which are compatible with Community law. Article 20 Reciprocity 1. Without prejudice to the international commitments of the Community, whenever it appears that a third country, with respect to access to the groundhandling or self-handling market: (a) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State treatment comparable to that granted by Member States to suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from that country; or (b) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State national treatment; or (c) grants suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from other third countries more favourable treatment than suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State; 1. a Member State may wholly or partially suspend the obligations arising from this Directive in respect of suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users from that third country, in accordance with Community law. 2. The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of any withdrawal or suspension of rights or obligations. Article 21 Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 18 
Social and environmental protection Without prejudice to the application of this Directive, and subject to the other provisions of Community law, Member States may take the necessary measures to ensure protection of the rights of workers and respect for the environment. Article 19 Compliance with national provisions A supplier of groundhandling services at an airport in a Member State shall be required to comply with the provisions of national law which are compatible with Community law. Article 20 Reciprocity 1. Without prejudice to the international commitments of the Community, whenever it appears that a third country, with respect to access to the groundhandling or self-handling market: (a) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State treatment comparable to that granted by Member States to suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from that country; or (b) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State national treatment; or (c) grants suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from other third countries more favourable treatment than suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State; 1. a Member State may wholly or partially suspend the obligations arising from this Directive in respect of suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users from that third country, in accordance with Community law. 2. The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of any withdrawal or suspension of rights or obligations. Article 21 Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 19 
Compliance with national provisions A supplier of groundhandling services at an airport in a Member State shall be required to comply with the provisions of national law which are compatible with Community law. Article 20 Reciprocity 1. Without prejudice to the international commitments of the Community, whenever it appears that a third country, with respect to access to the groundhandling or self-handling market: (a) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State treatment comparable to that granted by Member States to suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from that country; or (b) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State national treatment; or (c) grants suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from other third countries more favourable treatment than suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State; 1. a Member State may wholly or partially suspend the obligations arising from this Directive in respect of suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users from that third country, in accordance with Community law. 2. The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of any withdrawal or suspension of rights or obligations. Article 21 Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 20 
Reciprocity 1. Without prejudice to the international commitments of the Community, whenever it appears that a third country, with respect to access to the groundhandling or self-handling market: (a) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State treatment comparable to that granted by Member States to suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from that country; or (b) does not, de jure or de facto , grant suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State national treatment; or (c) grants suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from other third countries more favourable treatment than suppliers of groundhandling services and self-handling airport users from a Member State; 1. a Member State may wholly or partially suspend the obligations arising from this Directive in respect of suppliers of groundhandling services and airport users from that third country, in accordance with Community law. 2. The Member State concerned shall inform the Commission of any withdrawal or suspension of rights or obligations. Article 21 Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 21 
Right of appeal Member States or, where appropriate, managing bodies of airports shall ensure that any party with a legitimate interest has the right to appeal against the decisions or individual measures taken pursuant to Articles 7 (2) and 11 to 16. It must be possible to bring the appeal before a national court or a public authority other than the managing body of the airport concerned and, where appropriate, independent of the public authority controlling it. Article 22 Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 22 
Information report and revision Member States shall communicate to the Commission the information required by it to draw up a report on the application of this Directive. The report, accompanied by any proposals for revision of the Directive, shall be drawn up not later than 31 December 2001. Article 23 Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 23 
Implementation 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later than one year from the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 24 Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 24 
Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities . Article 25 Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Article 25 
Addressees This Directive is addressed to the Member States.