Article 1 
This Directive lays down general principles for the harmonisation of the structure and rates of the excise duty to which the Member States subject manufactured tobacco.
Article 2 
1. For the purposes of this Directive manufactured tobacco shall mean: (a) cigarettes; (b) cigars and cigarillos; (c) smoking tobacco: (i) fine-cut tobacco for the rolling of cigarettes; (ii) other smoking tobacco. 2. Products consisting in whole or in part of substances other than tobacco but otherwise conforming to the criteria set out in Article 3 or Article 5(1) shall be treated as cigarettes and smoking tobacco. Notwithstanding the first subparagraph, products containing no tobacco and used exclusively for medical purposes shall not be treated as manufactured tobacco. 3. Notwithstanding existing Union provisions, the definitions referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article and Articles 3, 4 and 5 shall be without prejudice to the choice of system or the level of taxation which shall apply to the different groups of products referred to in these Articles.
Article 3 
1. For the purposes of this Directive cigarettes shall mean: (a) rolls of tobacco capable of being smoked as they are and which are not cigars or cigarillos within the meaning of Article 4(1); (b) rolls of tobacco which, by simple non-industrial handling, are inserted into cigarette-paper tubes; (c) rolls of tobacco which, by simple non-industrial handling, are wrapped in cigarette paper. 2. A roll of tobacco referred to in paragraph 1 shall, for excise duty purposes, be considered as two cigarettes where, excluding filter or mouthpiece, it is longer than 8 cm but not longer than 11 cm, as three cigarettes where, excluding filter or mouthpiece, it is longer than 11 cm but not longer than 14 cm, and so on.
Article 4 
1. For the purposes of this Directive the following shall be deemed to be cigars or cigarillos if they can be and, given their properties and normal consumer expectations, are exclusively intended to be smoked as they are: (a) rolls of tobacco with an outer wrapper of natural tobacco; (b) rolls of tobacco with a threshed blend filler and with an outer wrapper of the normal colour of a cigar, of reconstituted tobacco, covering the product in full, including, where appropriate, the filter but not, in the case of tipped cigars, the tip, where the unit weight, not including filter or mouthpiece, is not less than 2,3 g and not more than 10 g, and the circumference over at least one third of the length is not less than 34 mm. 2. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, the following subparagraph may continue to be applied by Germany and Hungary until 31 December 2014. The following shall be deemed to be cigars or cigarillos if they can be smoked as they are: (a) rolls of tobacco made entirely of natural tobacco; (b) rolls of tobacco with an outer wrapper of natural tobacco; (c) rolls of tobacco with a threshed blend filler and with an outer wrapper of the normal colour of a cigar covering the product in full, including, where appropriate, the filter but not, in the case of tipped cigars, the tip, and a binder, both being of reconstituted tobacco, where the unit weight, not including filter or mouthpiece, is not less than 1,2 g and where the wrapper is fitted in spiral form with an acute angle of at least 30° to the longitudinal axis of the cigar; (d) rolls of tobacco with a threshed blend filler and with an outer wrapper of the normal colour of a cigar, of reconstituted tobacco, covering the product in full, including where appropriate the filter but not, in the case of tipped cigars, the tip, where the unit weight, not including filter or mouth-piece, is not less than 2,3 g and the circumference over at least one third of the length is not less than 34 mm. 3. Products which consist in part of substances other than tobacco but otherwise fulfil the criteria set out in paragraph 1 shall be treated as cigars and cigarillos.
Article 5 
1. For the purposes of this Directive smoking tobacco shall mean: (a) tobacco which has been cut or otherwise split, twisted or pressed into blocks and is capable of being smoked without further industrial processing; (b) tobacco refuse put up for retail sale which does not fall under Article 3 and Article 4(1) and which can be smoked. For the purpose of this Article, tobacco refuse shall be deemed to be remnants of tobacco leaves and by-products obtained from tobacco processing or the manufacture of tobacco products. 2. Smoking tobacco in which more than 25 % by weight of the tobacco particles have a cut width of less than 1,5 millimetre shall be deemed to be fine-cut tobacco for the rolling of cigarettes. Member States may also deem smoking tobacco in which more than 25 % by weight of the tobacco particles have a cut width of 1,5 millimetre or more and which was sold or intended to be sold for the rolling of cigarettes to be fine-cut tobacco for the rolling of cigarettes.
Article 6 
A natural or legal person established in the Union who converts tobacco into manufactured products prepared for retail sale shall be deemed to be a manufacturer.
Article 7 
1. Cigarettes manufactured in the Union and those imported from third countries shall be subject to an ad valorem excise duty calculated on the maximum retail selling price, including customs duties, and also to a specific excise duty calculated per unit of the product. Notwithstanding the first subparagraph, Member States may exclude customs duties from the basis for calculating the ad valorem excise duty on cigarettes. 2. The rate of the ad valorem excise duty and the amount of the specific excise duty must be the same for all cigarettes. 3. At the final stage of harmonisation of structures, the same ratio shall be established for cigarettes in all Member States between the specific excise duty and the sum of the ad valorem excise duty and the turnover tax, in such a way that the range of retail selling prices reflects fairly the difference in the manufacturers’ delivery prices. 4. Where necessary, the excise duty on cigarettes may include a minimum tax component, provided that the mixed structure of taxation and the band of the specific component of the excise duty as laid down in Article 8 is strictly respected.
Article 8 
1. The percentage of the specific component of excise duty in the amount of the total tax burden on cigarettes shall be established by reference to the weighted average retail selling price. 2. The weighted average retail selling price shall be calculated by reference to the total value of all cigarettes released for consumption, based on the retail selling price including all taxes, divided by the total quantity of cigarettes released for consumption. It shall be determined by 1 March at the latest of each year on the basis of data relating to all such releases for consumption made in the preceding calendar year. 3. Until 31 December 2013, the specific component of the excise duty shall not be less than 5 % and shall not be more than 76,5 % of the amount of the total tax burden resulting from the aggregation of the following: (a) specific excise duty; (b) the ad valorem excise duty and the value added tax (VAT) levied on the weighted average retail selling price. 4. From 1 January 2014, the specific component of the excise duty on cigarettes shall not be less than 7,5 % and shall not be more than 76,5 % of the amount of the total tax burden resulting from the aggregation of the following: (a) specific excise duty; (b) the ad valorem excise duty and the VAT levied on the weighted average retail selling price. 5. By way of derogation from paragraphs 3 and 4, where a change in the weighted average retail selling price of cigarettes occurs in a Member State, thereby bringing the specific component of the excise duty, expressed as a percentage of the total tax burden, below the percentage of 5 % or 7,5 %, whichever is applicable, or above the percentage of 76,5 % of the total tax burden, the Member State concerned may refrain from adjusting the amount of the specific excise duty until 1 January of the second year following that in which the change occurs. 6. Subject to paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 of this Article and the second subparagraph of Article 7(1), Member States may levy a minimum excise duty on cigarettes.
Article 9 
1. Member States shall apply to cigarettes minimum consumption taxes in accordance with the rules provided for in this Chapter. 2. Paragraph 1 shall apply to the taxes which, pursuant to this Chapter, are levied on cigarettes and which comprise: (a) a specific excise duty per unit of the product; (b) an ad valorem excise duty calculated on the basis of the maximum retail selling price; (c) a VAT proportional to the retail selling price.
Article 10 
1. The overall excise duty (specific duty and ad valorem duty excluding VAT) on cigarettes shall represent at least 57 % of the weighted average retail selling price of cigarettes released for consumption. That excise duty shall not be less than EUR 64 per 1 000 cigarettes irrespective of the weighted average retail selling price. However, Member States which levy an excise duty of at least EUR 101 per 1 000 cigarettes on the basis of the weighted average retail selling price need not to comply with the 57 % requirement set out in the first subparagraph. 2. From 1 January 2014, the overall excise duty on cigarettes shall represent at least 60 % of the weighted average retail selling price of cigarettes released for consumption. That excise duty shall not be less than EUR 90 per 1 000 cigarettes irrespective of the weighted average retail selling price. However, Member States which levy an excise duty of at least EUR 115 per 1 000 cigarettes on the basis of the weighted average retail selling price need not to comply with the 60 % requirement set out in the first subparagraph. Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland and Romania shall be allowed a transitional period until 31 December 2017 in order to reach the requirements laid down in the first and second subparagraphs. 3. Member States shall gradually increase excise duties in order to reach the requirements referred to in paragraph 2 on the dates set therein.
Article 11 
1. Where a change in the weighted average retail selling price of cigarettes occurs in a Member State, thereby bringing the overall excise duty below the levels specified in the first sentence of paragraph 1 and in the first sentence of paragraph 2 of Article 10 respectively, the Member State concerned may refrain from adjusting that duty until 1 January of the second year following that in which the change occurs. 2. Where a Member State increases the rate of VAT on cigarettes, it may reduce the overall excise duty up to an amount which, expressed as a percentage of the weighted average retail selling price, is equal to the increase in the rate of VAT, also expressed as a percentage of the weighted average retail selling price, even if such an adjustment has the effect of reducing the overall excise duty to below the levels, expressed as a percentage of the weighted average retail selling price, laid down in the first sentence of paragraph 1 and in the first sentence of paragraph 2 of Article 10 respectively. However, the Member State shall raise that duty again so as to reach at least those levels by 1 January of the second year after that in which the reduction took place.
Article 12 
1. Portugal may apply a reduced rate of up to 50 % less than that laid down in Article 10 to cigarettes consumed in the most remote regions of the Azores and Madeira, made by small-scale manufacturers each of whose annual production does not exceed 500 tonnes. 2. By way of derogation from Article 10, France may continue to apply for the period from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015 a reduced rate of excise duty to cigarettes released for consumption in the departments of Corsica up to an annual quota of 1 200 tonnes. The reduced rate shall be: (a) until 31 December 2012, at least 44 % of the price for cigarettes in the price category most in demand in those departments; (b) from 1 January 2013, at least 50 % of the weighted average retail selling price of cigarettes released for consumption; the excise duty shall not be less than EUR 88 per 1 000 cigarettes irrespective of the weighted average retail selling price; (c) from 1 January 2015, at least 57 % of the weighted average retail selling price of cigarettes released for consumption; the excise duty shall not be less than EUR 90 per 1 000 cigarettes irrespective of the weighted average retail selling price.
Article 13 
The following groups of manufactured tobacco produced in the Union and imported from third countries shall be subject, in each Member State, to a minimum excise duty as laid down in Article 14: (a) cigars and cigarillos; (b) fine-cut tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes; (c) other smoking tobaccos.
Article 14 
1. Member States shall apply an excise duty which may be: (a) either an ad valorem duty calculated on the basis of the maximum retail selling price of each product, freely determined by manufacturers established in the Union and by importers from third countries in accordance with Article 15; or (b) a specific duty expressed as an amount per kilogram, or in the case of cigars and cigarillos, alternatively for a given number of items; or (c) a mixture of both, combining an ad valorem element and a specific element. In cases where excise duty is either ad valorem or mixed, Member States may establish a minimum amount of excise duty. 2. The overall excise duty (specific duty and/or ad valorem duty excluding VAT), expressed as a percentage, as an amount per kilogram or for a given number of items, shall be at least equivalent to the rates or minimum amounts laid down for: (a) cigars or cigarillos : 5 % of the retail selling price inclusive of all taxes or EUR 12 per 1 000 items or per kilogram; (b) fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes : 40 % of the weighted average retail selling price of fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes released for consumption, or EUR 40 per kilogram; (c) other smoking tobaccos : 20 % of the retail selling price inclusive of all taxes, or EUR 22 per kilogram. From 1 January 2013, the overall excise duty on fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes shall represent at least 43 % of the weighted average retail selling price of fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes released for consumption, or at least EUR 47 per kilogram. From 1 January 2015 the overall excise duty on fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes shall represent at least 46 % of the weighted average retail selling price of fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes released for consumption, or at least EUR 54 per kilogram. From 1 January 2018, the overall excise duty on fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes shall represent at least 48 % of the weighted average retail selling price of fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes released for consumption, or at least EUR 60 per kilogram. From 1 January 2020, the overall excise duty on fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes shall represent at least 50 % of the weighted average retail selling price of fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes released for consumption, or at least EUR 60 per kilogram. The weighted average retail selling price shall be calculated by reference to the total value of fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes released for consumption, based on retail selling price including all taxes, divided by the total quantity of fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes released for consumption. It shall be determined by 1 March at the latest of each year on the basis of data relating to all such releases for consumption made in the preceding calendar year. 3. The rates or amounts referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be effective for all products belonging to the group of manufactured tobaccos concerned, without distinction within each group as to quality, presentation, origin of the products, the materials used, the characteristics of the firms involved or any other criterion. 4. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1 and 2, France may continue to apply, for the period from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015, a reduced rate of excise duty to manufactured tobacco other than cigarettes released for consumption in the departments of Corsica. The reduced rate shall be: (a) for cigars and cigarillos : at least 10 % of the retail selling price, inclusive of all taxes; (b) for fine-cut smoking tobacco intended for the rolling of cigarettes : (i) until 31 December 2012, at least 27 % of the retail selling price, inclusive of all taxes; (ii) from 1 January 2013, at least 30 % of the retail selling price, inclusive of all taxes; (iii) from 1 January 2015, at least 35 % of the retail selling price, inclusive of all taxes; (c) for other smoking tobacco : at least 22 % of the retail selling price, inclusive of all taxes.
Article 15 
1. Manufacturers or, where appropriate, their representatives or authorised agents in the Union, and importers of tobacco from third countries shall be free to determine the maximum retail selling price for each of their products for each Member State for which the products in question are to be released for consumption. The first subparagraph may not, however, hinder implementation of national systems of legislation regarding the control of price levels or the observance of imposed prices, provided that they are compatible with Union legislation. 2. In order to facilitate the levying of the excise duty, Member States may, for each group of manufactured tobacco, fix a scale of retail selling prices on condition that each scale has sufficient scope and variety to correspond in fact with the variety of products originating in the Union. Each scale shall be valid for all the products belonging to the group of manufactured tobacco which it concerns, without distinction on the basis of quality, presentation, the origin of the products or of the materials used, the characteristics of the undertakings or of any other criterion.
Article 16 
1. At the final stage of harmonisation of the excise duty, at the latest the rules for collecting the excise duty shall be harmonised. During the preceding stage, the excise duty shall, in principle, be collected by means of tax stamps. If they collect the excise duty by means of tax stamps, Member States shall be obliged to make these stamps available to manufacturers and dealers in other Member States. If they collect the excise duty by other means, Member States shall ensure that no obstacle, either administrative or technical, affects trade between Member States on that account. 2. Importers and Union manufacturers of manufactured tobacco shall be subject to the system set out in paragraph 1 as regards the detailed rules for levying and paying the excise duty.
Article 17 
The following may be exempted from excise duty or excise duty already paid on them may be refunded: (a) denatured manufactured tobacco used for industrial or horticultural purposes; (b) manufactured tobacco which is destroyed under administrative supervision; (c) manufactured tobacco which is solely intended for scientific tests and for tests connected with product quality; (d) manufactured tobacco which is reworked by the producer. Member States shall determine the conditions and formalities to which the abovementioned exemptions or refunds are subject.
Article 18 
1. The Commission shall publish once a year the value of the euro in national currencies to be applied to the amounts of the overall excise duty. The exchange rates to be applied shall be those obtained on the first working day of October and published in the Official Journal of the European Union and shall apply from 1 January of the following calendar year. 2. Member States may maintain the amounts of the excise duties in force at the time of the annual adjustment provided for in paragraph 1 if the conversion of the amounts of the excise duties expressed in euro would result in an increase of less than 5 % or less than EUR 5, whichever is the lower amount, in the excise duty expressed in national currency.
Article 19 
1. Every four years, the Commission shall submit to the Council a report and, where appropriate, a proposal concerning the rates and the structure of excise duty laid down in this Directive. The report by the Commission shall take into account the proper functioning of the internal market, the real value of the rates of excise duty and the wider objectives of the Treaty. 2. The report referred to in paragraph 1 shall be based in particular on the information provided by the Member States. 3. The Commission shall, in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 43 of Council Directive 2008/118/EC ( 5 ) , determine a list of statistical data needed for the report, excluding data relating to individual natural persons or legal entities. Apart from data readily available to Member States, the list shall only contain data the collection and assembly of which does not involve a disproportionate administrative burden on the part of the Member States. 4. The Commission shall not publish or otherwise divulge data where it would lead to the disclosure of a commercial, industrial or professional secret.
Article 20 
Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
Article 21 
Directives 92/79/EEC, 92/80/EEC and 95/59/EC, as amended by the Directives listed in Annex I, Part A, are repealed, without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time-limits for transposition into national law and application of the Directives set out in Annex I, Part B. References to the repealed Directives shall be construed as references to this Directive and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table set out in Annex II.
Article 22 
This Directive shall enter into force on 1 January 2011.
Article 23 
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.