Article 1 
A specific programme of research and technological development activities to be carried out: - on the one hand by the JRC, mainly through direct action, and - on the other, by means of activities suited to a competitive approach and intended for scientific and technical support to Community policies is hereby adopted for the period from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 1998.
Article 2 
1. The direct action consists of institutional research activities and institutional scientific and technical support activities. 2. The institutional research activities, as described in Annex IA, are those for which the JRC has expertise and special, if not unique, facilities in the Community which contribute to the implementation of the RTD policy of the Community. They shall be carried out in such a way as to ensure their complementarity with the corresponding indirect action contained in the other specific programmes of the fourth framework programme. 3. The institutional scientific and technical support activities, as described in Annex IB, are the activities necessary for the formulation and implementation of Community policies and the tasks assigned to the Commission under the Treaty which necessitate the neutrality of the JRC. Article 3 1. The JRC shall participate in the implementation of Community action on research, technological development and demonstration in the fields of information technologies, industrial and materials technologies; standards, measurement and testing; environment and climate; agriculture and fisheries, non-nuclear energy; and targeted socio-economic research and through its exploratory research activities. 2. It shall also participate in the implementation of Community action on the dissemination and optimization of the results of Community research, technological development and demonstration activities. Article 4 1. The operational budget of the JRC under this programme is ECU 600 million. 2. An initiative breakdown of this amount is given in Annex II. 3. The budgetary authority shall lay down the appropriations for each financial year, subject to the availability of resources within the financial perspectives and in accordance with the conditions set out in Article 1 (3) of Decision No 1110/94/EC, taking into account the principles of sound management referred to in Article 2 of the Financial Regulation applicable to the general budget of the European Communities. If additional funding is approved in accordance with Article 1 (3) of the decision on the framework programme, the JRC will receive a share proportional to its share of the present overall amount for the fourth framework programme, provided that, after evaluation, the European Parliament and the Council consider that the JRC is making satisfactory progress towards increased openness to competition. Article 5 1. The general rules for the Community's financial contribution are laid down in Annex IV to Decision No 1110/94/EC. 2. Annex III sets out the specific rules for implementing this programme, supplementary to those referred to in paragraph 1. Article 6 The Commission shall be responsible for the implementation of the direct action and, to this end, shall call upon the services of the JRC. The Commission shall be assisted by the Board of Governors of the JRC (hereinafter referred to as the Board of Governors) in this task. Article 7 1. In order to help ensure, inter alia, the cost effective implementation of the activities, the Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, shall continually and systematically monitor progress on the implementation of the direct action in relation to the objectives set out in Annex I. It shall assess in particular whether the objectives, priorities and financial resources are still appropriate to the changing situation. It shall, if necessary in the light of results of the monitoring process, submit proposals to Council to adapt or supplement the institutional research activities. With regard to the institutional scientific and technical support activities, the Commission will, if necessary, make adaptations to ensure that they are consistent with the requirements of the relevant Community policies. 2. The Commission shall each year before 15 April submit to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a report on the implementation of the activities of the JRC. This report shall be accompanied by the comments of the Board of Governors as contained in its annual report. The latter may also submit, through the Commission, to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a separate report on any aspect of the implementation of the JRC's activities. 3. In order to contribute towards the evaluation of Community activities, as required by Article 4 (2) of Decision No 1110/94/EC and in compliance with the timetable laid down in that paragraph, the Commission, after consulting the Board of Governors, shall have an external assessment conducted by independent experts of the activities carried out by the JRC within the areas covered by this programme and their management during the five years preceding this assessment. The results of this assessment shall be submitted to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee. 4. At the end of this programme, the Commission, after consulting the Board of Governors, shall have an independent final evaluation carried out of the results achieved compared with the objectives set out in Annex III to the fourth framework programme and Annex I to this Decision. The final evaluation report shall be forwarded to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee. Article 8 In order to ensure effective coordination between the JRC's institutional research activities and the other activities provided for in the fourth framework programme, systematic exchanges of views will be held between the JRC, including the Board of Governors, and the committees for the specific programmes with due regard to their respective responsibilities. Article 9 The Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, may, on the basis of the criterion of mutual benefit, request the JRC to execute projects with legal entities established in third countries where this contributes effectively to the implementation of the JRC's institutional activities. Participation of legal entities from third countries shall not benefit from Community financing under this programme.
Article 3 
1. The JRC shall participate in the implementation of Community action on research, technological development and demonstration in the fields of information technologies, industrial and materials technologies; standards, measurement and testing; environment and climate; agriculture and fisheries, non-nuclear energy; and targeted socio-economic research and through its exploratory research activities. 2. It shall also participate in the implementation of Community action on the dissemination and optimization of the results of Community research, technological development and demonstration activities. Article 4 1. The operational budget of the JRC under this programme is ECU 600 million. 2. An initiative breakdown of this amount is given in Annex II. 3. The budgetary authority shall lay down the appropriations for each financial year, subject to the availability of resources within the financial perspectives and in accordance with the conditions set out in Article 1 (3) of Decision No 1110/94/EC, taking into account the principles of sound management referred to in Article 2 of the Financial Regulation applicable to the general budget of the European Communities. If additional funding is approved in accordance with Article 1 (3) of the decision on the framework programme, the JRC will receive a share proportional to its share of the present overall amount for the fourth framework programme, provided that, after evaluation, the European Parliament and the Council consider that the JRC is making satisfactory progress towards increased openness to competition. Article 5 1. The general rules for the Community's financial contribution are laid down in Annex IV to Decision No 1110/94/EC. 2. Annex III sets out the specific rules for implementing this programme, supplementary to those referred to in paragraph 1. Article 6 The Commission shall be responsible for the implementation of the direct action and, to this end, shall call upon the services of the JRC. The Commission shall be assisted by the Board of Governors of the JRC (hereinafter referred to as the Board of Governors) in this task. Article 7 1. In order to help ensure, inter alia, the cost effective implementation of the activities, the Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, shall continually and systematically monitor progress on the implementation of the direct action in relation to the objectives set out in Annex I. It shall assess in particular whether the objectives, priorities and financial resources are still appropriate to the changing situation. It shall, if necessary in the light of results of the monitoring process, submit proposals to Council to adapt or supplement the institutional research activities. With regard to the institutional scientific and technical support activities, the Commission will, if necessary, make adaptations to ensure that they are consistent with the requirements of the relevant Community policies. 2. The Commission shall each year before 15 April submit to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a report on the implementation of the activities of the JRC. This report shall be accompanied by the comments of the Board of Governors as contained in its annual report. The latter may also submit, through the Commission, to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a separate report on any aspect of the implementation of the JRC's activities. 3. In order to contribute towards the evaluation of Community activities, as required by Article 4 (2) of Decision No 1110/94/EC and in compliance with the timetable laid down in that paragraph, the Commission, after consulting the Board of Governors, shall have an external assessment conducted by independent experts of the activities carried out by the JRC within the areas covered by this programme and their management during the five years preceding this assessment. The results of this assessment shall be submitted to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee. 4. At the end of this programme, the Commission, after consulting the Board of Governors, shall have an independent final evaluation carried out of the results achieved compared with the objectives set out in Annex III to the fourth framework programme and Annex I to this Decision. The final evaluation report shall be forwarded to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee. Article 8 In order to ensure effective coordination between the JRC's institutional research activities and the other activities provided for in the fourth framework programme, systematic exchanges of views will be held between the JRC, including the Board of Governors, and the committees for the specific programmes with due regard to their respective responsibilities. Article 9 The Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, may, on the basis of the criterion of mutual benefit, request the JRC to execute projects with legal entities established in third countries where this contributes effectively to the implementation of the JRC's institutional activities. Participation of legal entities from third countries shall not benefit from Community financing under this programme.
Article 4 
1. The operational budget of the JRC under this programme is ECU 600 million. 2. An initiative breakdown of this amount is given in Annex II. 3. The budgetary authority shall lay down the appropriations for each financial year, subject to the availability of resources within the financial perspectives and in accordance with the conditions set out in Article 1 (3) of Decision No 1110/94/EC, taking into account the principles of sound management referred to in Article 2 of the Financial Regulation applicable to the general budget of the European Communities. If additional funding is approved in accordance with Article 1 (3) of the decision on the framework programme, the JRC will receive a share proportional to its share of the present overall amount for the fourth framework programme, provided that, after evaluation, the European Parliament and the Council consider that the JRC is making satisfactory progress towards increased openness to competition. Article 5 1. The general rules for the Community's financial contribution are laid down in Annex IV to Decision No 1110/94/EC. 2. Annex III sets out the specific rules for implementing this programme, supplementary to those referred to in paragraph 1. Article 6 The Commission shall be responsible for the implementation of the direct action and, to this end, shall call upon the services of the JRC. The Commission shall be assisted by the Board of Governors of the JRC (hereinafter referred to as the Board of Governors) in this task. Article 7 1. In order to help ensure, inter alia, the cost effective implementation of the activities, the Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, shall continually and systematically monitor progress on the implementation of the direct action in relation to the objectives set out in Annex I. It shall assess in particular whether the objectives, priorities and financial resources are still appropriate to the changing situation. It shall, if necessary in the light of results of the monitoring process, submit proposals to Council to adapt or supplement the institutional research activities. With regard to the institutional scientific and technical support activities, the Commission will, if necessary, make adaptations to ensure that they are consistent with the requirements of the relevant Community policies. 2. The Commission shall each year before 15 April submit to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a report on the implementation of the activities of the JRC. This report shall be accompanied by the comments of the Board of Governors as contained in its annual report. The latter may also submit, through the Commission, to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a separate report on any aspect of the implementation of the JRC's activities. 3. In order to contribute towards the evaluation of Community activities, as required by Article 4 (2) of Decision No 1110/94/EC and in compliance with the timetable laid down in that paragraph, the Commission, after consulting the Board of Governors, shall have an external assessment conducted by independent experts of the activities carried out by the JRC within the areas covered by this programme and their management during the five years preceding this assessment. The results of this assessment shall be submitted to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee. 4. At the end of this programme, the Commission, after consulting the Board of Governors, shall have an independent final evaluation carried out of the results achieved compared with the objectives set out in Annex III to the fourth framework programme and Annex I to this Decision. The final evaluation report shall be forwarded to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee. Article 8 In order to ensure effective coordination between the JRC's institutional research activities and the other activities provided for in the fourth framework programme, systematic exchanges of views will be held between the JRC, including the Board of Governors, and the committees for the specific programmes with due regard to their respective responsibilities. Article 9 The Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, may, on the basis of the criterion of mutual benefit, request the JRC to execute projects with legal entities established in third countries where this contributes effectively to the implementation of the JRC's institutional activities. Participation of legal entities from third countries shall not benefit from Community financing under this programme.
Article 5 
1. The general rules for the Community's financial contribution are laid down in Annex IV to Decision No 1110/94/EC. 2. Annex III sets out the specific rules for implementing this programme, supplementary to those referred to in paragraph 1. Article 6 The Commission shall be responsible for the implementation of the direct action and, to this end, shall call upon the services of the JRC. The Commission shall be assisted by the Board of Governors of the JRC (hereinafter referred to as the Board of Governors) in this task. Article 7 1. In order to help ensure, inter alia, the cost effective implementation of the activities, the Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, shall continually and systematically monitor progress on the implementation of the direct action in relation to the objectives set out in Annex I. It shall assess in particular whether the objectives, priorities and financial resources are still appropriate to the changing situation. It shall, if necessary in the light of results of the monitoring process, submit proposals to Council to adapt or supplement the institutional research activities. With regard to the institutional scientific and technical support activities, the Commission will, if necessary, make adaptations to ensure that they are consistent with the requirements of the relevant Community policies. 2. The Commission shall each year before 15 April submit to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a report on the implementation of the activities of the JRC. This report shall be accompanied by the comments of the Board of Governors as contained in its annual report. The latter may also submit, through the Commission, to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a separate report on any aspect of the implementation of the JRC's activities. 3. In order to contribute towards the evaluation of Community activities, as required by Article 4 (2) of Decision No 1110/94/EC and in compliance with the timetable laid down in that paragraph, the Commission, after consulting the Board of Governors, shall have an external assessment conducted by independent experts of the activities carried out by the JRC within the areas covered by this programme and their management during the five years preceding this assessment. The results of this assessment shall be submitted to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee. 4. At the end of this programme, the Commission, after consulting the Board of Governors, shall have an independent final evaluation carried out of the results achieved compared with the objectives set out in Annex III to the fourth framework programme and Annex I to this Decision. The final evaluation report shall be forwarded to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee. Article 8 In order to ensure effective coordination between the JRC's institutional research activities and the other activities provided for in the fourth framework programme, systematic exchanges of views will be held between the JRC, including the Board of Governors, and the committees for the specific programmes with due regard to their respective responsibilities. Article 9 The Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, may, on the basis of the criterion of mutual benefit, request the JRC to execute projects with legal entities established in third countries where this contributes effectively to the implementation of the JRC's institutional activities. Participation of legal entities from third countries shall not benefit from Community financing under this programme.
Article 6 
The Commission shall be responsible for the implementation of the direct action and, to this end, shall call upon the services of the JRC. The Commission shall be assisted by the Board of Governors of the JRC (hereinafter referred to as the Board of Governors) in this task. Article 7 1. In order to help ensure, inter alia, the cost effective implementation of the activities, the Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, shall continually and systematically monitor progress on the implementation of the direct action in relation to the objectives set out in Annex I. It shall assess in particular whether the objectives, priorities and financial resources are still appropriate to the changing situation. It shall, if necessary in the light of results of the monitoring process, submit proposals to Council to adapt or supplement the institutional research activities. With regard to the institutional scientific and technical support activities, the Commission will, if necessary, make adaptations to ensure that they are consistent with the requirements of the relevant Community policies. 2. The Commission shall each year before 15 April submit to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a report on the implementation of the activities of the JRC. This report shall be accompanied by the comments of the Board of Governors as contained in its annual report. The latter may also submit, through the Commission, to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a separate report on any aspect of the implementation of the JRC's activities. 3. In order to contribute towards the evaluation of Community activities, as required by Article 4 (2) of Decision No 1110/94/EC and in compliance with the timetable laid down in that paragraph, the Commission, after consulting the Board of Governors, shall have an external assessment conducted by independent experts of the activities carried out by the JRC within the areas covered by this programme and their management during the five years preceding this assessment. The results of this assessment shall be submitted to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee. 4. At the end of this programme, the Commission, after consulting the Board of Governors, shall have an independent final evaluation carried out of the results achieved compared with the objectives set out in Annex III to the fourth framework programme and Annex I to this Decision. The final evaluation report shall be forwarded to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee. Article 8 In order to ensure effective coordination between the JRC's institutional research activities and the other activities provided for in the fourth framework programme, systematic exchanges of views will be held between the JRC, including the Board of Governors, and the committees for the specific programmes with due regard to their respective responsibilities. Article 9 The Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, may, on the basis of the criterion of mutual benefit, request the JRC to execute projects with legal entities established in third countries where this contributes effectively to the implementation of the JRC's institutional activities. Participation of legal entities from third countries shall not benefit from Community financing under this programme.
Article 7 
1. In order to help ensure, inter alia, the cost effective implementation of the activities, the Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, shall continually and systematically monitor progress on the implementation of the direct action in relation to the objectives set out in Annex I. It shall assess in particular whether the objectives, priorities and financial resources are still appropriate to the changing situation. It shall, if necessary in the light of results of the monitoring process, submit proposals to Council to adapt or supplement the institutional research activities. With regard to the institutional scientific and technical support activities, the Commission will, if necessary, make adaptations to ensure that they are consistent with the requirements of the relevant Community policies. 2. The Commission shall each year before 15 April submit to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a report on the implementation of the activities of the JRC. This report shall be accompanied by the comments of the Board of Governors as contained in its annual report. The latter may also submit, through the Commission, to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a separate report on any aspect of the implementation of the JRC's activities. 3. In order to contribute towards the evaluation of Community activities, as required by Article 4 (2) of Decision No 1110/94/EC and in compliance with the timetable laid down in that paragraph, the Commission, after consulting the Board of Governors, shall have an external assessment conducted by independent experts of the activities carried out by the JRC within the areas covered by this programme and their management during the five years preceding this assessment. The results of this assessment shall be submitted to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee. 4. At the end of this programme, the Commission, after consulting the Board of Governors, shall have an independent final evaluation carried out of the results achieved compared with the objectives set out in Annex III to the fourth framework programme and Annex I to this Decision. The final evaluation report shall be forwarded to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee. Article 8 In order to ensure effective coordination between the JRC's institutional research activities and the other activities provided for in the fourth framework programme, systematic exchanges of views will be held between the JRC, including the Board of Governors, and the committees for the specific programmes with due regard to their respective responsibilities. Article 9 The Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, may, on the basis of the criterion of mutual benefit, request the JRC to execute projects with legal entities established in third countries where this contributes effectively to the implementation of the JRC's institutional activities. Participation of legal entities from third countries shall not benefit from Community financing under this programme.
Article 8 
In order to ensure effective coordination between the JRC's institutional research activities and the other activities provided for in the fourth framework programme, systematic exchanges of views will be held between the JRC, including the Board of Governors, and the committees for the specific programmes with due regard to their respective responsibilities. Article 9 The Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, may, on the basis of the criterion of mutual benefit, request the JRC to execute projects with legal entities established in third countries where this contributes effectively to the implementation of the JRC's institutional activities. Participation of legal entities from third countries shall not benefit from Community financing under this programme.
Article 9 
The Commission, assisted by the Board of Governors, may, on the basis of the criterion of mutual benefit, request the JRC to execute projects with legal entities established in third countries where this contributes effectively to the implementation of the JRC's institutional activities. Participation of legal entities from third countries shall not benefit from Community financing under this programme.
Article 10 
The scientific and technical support activities necessary for the formulation and implementation of Community policies and which do not necessitate the neutrality of the JRC will be implemented by the Commission within the framework of a competitive approach and in the context of a customer/contractor relationship. These activities are described in Annex IV. Article 11 1. The amount deemed necessary for the implementation of the activities covered by this section is ECU 128 million. 2. An indicative breakdown of this amount is given at Annex V. 3. The budgetary authority shall lay down the appropriations for each financial year, subject to the availability of resources within the financial perspectives and in accordance with the conditions set out in Article 1 (3) of Decision No 1110/94/EC, taking into account the principles of sound management referred to in Article 2 of the Financial Regulation applicable to the general budget of the European Communities. Article 12 1. The general rules for the Community's financial contribution are laid down in Annex IV to Decision No 1110/94/EC. 2. The rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities, and for the dissemination of results are specified in the measures envisaged in Article 130j of the Treaty. 3. Annex VI sets out the specific rules for implementing this programme, supplementary to those referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2. Article 13 1. The Commission shall continuously and systematically monitor progress with this section of the programme in relation to the requirements of Community policies. It shall in particular assess whether the objectives, priorities and financial resources are still appropriate. It shall, where appropriate, take action to adapt these activities depending on the results of this monitoring process. 2. At the beginning of each year the Commission shall submit a report to the European Parliament and the Council with information on the activities carried out during the previous year, and the work programme for the current year. Article 14 This Decision is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, 15 December 1994. For the Council The President A. MERKEL (1) OJ No C 228, 17. 8. 1994, p. 219 and OJ No C 262, 20. 9. 1994, p. 30.(2) OJ No C 205, 25. 7. 1994, p. 316.(3) Opinion delivered on 14 September 1994 (not yet published in the Official Journal).(4) OJ No L 126, 18. 5. 1994, p.1.
Article 11 
1. The amount deemed necessary for the implementation of the activities covered by this section is ECU 128 million. 2. An indicative breakdown of this amount is given at Annex V. 3. The budgetary authority shall lay down the appropriations for each financial year, subject to the availability of resources within the financial perspectives and in accordance with the conditions set out in Article 1 (3) of Decision No 1110/94/EC, taking into account the principles of sound management referred to in Article 2 of the Financial Regulation applicable to the general budget of the European Communities. Article 12 1. The general rules for the Community's financial contribution are laid down in Annex IV to Decision No 1110/94/EC. 2. The rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities, and for the dissemination of results are specified in the measures envisaged in Article 130j of the Treaty. 3. Annex VI sets out the specific rules for implementing this programme, supplementary to those referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2. Article 13 1. The Commission shall continuously and systematically monitor progress with this section of the programme in relation to the requirements of Community policies. It shall in particular assess whether the objectives, priorities and financial resources are still appropriate. It shall, where appropriate, take action to adapt these activities depending on the results of this monitoring process. 2. At the beginning of each year the Commission shall submit a report to the European Parliament and the Council with information on the activities carried out during the previous year, and the work programme for the current year. Article 14 This Decision is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, 15 December 1994. For the Council The President A. MERKEL (1) OJ No C 228, 17. 8. 1994, p. 219 and OJ No C 262, 20. 9. 1994, p. 30.(2) OJ No C 205, 25. 7. 1994, p. 316.(3) Opinion delivered on 14 September 1994 (not yet published in the Official Journal).(4) OJ No L 126, 18. 5. 1994, p.1.
Article 12 
1. The general rules for the Community's financial contribution are laid down in Annex IV to Decision No 1110/94/EC. 2. The rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities, and for the dissemination of results are specified in the measures envisaged in Article 130j of the Treaty. 3. Annex VI sets out the specific rules for implementing this programme, supplementary to those referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2. Article 13 1. The Commission shall continuously and systematically monitor progress with this section of the programme in relation to the requirements of Community policies. It shall in particular assess whether the objectives, priorities and financial resources are still appropriate. It shall, where appropriate, take action to adapt these activities depending on the results of this monitoring process. 2. At the beginning of each year the Commission shall submit a report to the European Parliament and the Council with information on the activities carried out during the previous year, and the work programme for the current year. Article 14 This Decision is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, 15 December 1994. For the Council The President A. MERKEL (1) OJ No C 228, 17. 8. 1994, p. 219 and OJ No C 262, 20. 9. 1994, p. 30.(2) OJ No C 205, 25. 7. 1994, p. 316.(3) Opinion delivered on 14 September 1994 (not yet published in the Official Journal).(4) OJ No L 126, 18. 5. 1994, p.1.
Article 13 
1. The Commission shall continuously and systematically monitor progress with this section of the programme in relation to the requirements of Community policies. It shall in particular assess whether the objectives, priorities and financial resources are still appropriate. It shall, where appropriate, take action to adapt these activities depending on the results of this monitoring process. 2. At the beginning of each year the Commission shall submit a report to the European Parliament and the Council with information on the activities carried out during the previous year, and the work programme for the current year. Article 14 This Decision is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, 15 December 1994. For the Council The President A. MERKEL (1) OJ No C 228, 17. 8. 1994, p. 219 and OJ No C 262, 20. 9. 1994, p. 30.(2) OJ No C 205, 25. 7. 1994, p. 316.(3) Opinion delivered on 14 September 1994 (not yet published in the Official Journal).(4) OJ No L 126, 18. 5. 1994, p.1.
Article 14 
This Decision is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, 15 December 1994