Article 1 Objective
The objective of this Directive is to promote the improvement of the energy performance of buildings within the Community, taking into account outdoor climatic and local conditions, as well as indoor climate requirements and cost-effectiveness. This Directive lays down requirements as regards: (a) the general framework for a methodology of calculation of the integrated energy performance of buildings; (b) the application of minimum requirements on the energy performance of new buildings; (c) the application of minimum requirements on the energy performance of large existing buildings that are subject to major renovation; (d) energy certification of buildings; and (e) regular inspection of boilers and of air-conditioning systems in buildings and in addition an assessment of the heating installation in which the boilers are more than 15 years old.
Article 2 Definitions
For the purpose of this Directive, the following definitions shall apply: 1. ‘building’: a roofed construction having walls, for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate; a building may refer to the building as a whole or parts thereof that have been designed or altered to be used separately; 2. ‘energy performance of a building’: the amount of energy actually consumed or estimated to meet the different needs associated with a standardised use of the building, which may include, inter alia , heating, hot water heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting. This amount shall be reflected in one or more numeric indicators which have been calculated, taking into account insulation, technical and installation characteristics, design and positioning in relation to climatic aspects, solar exposure and influence of neighbouring structures, own-energy generation and other factors, including indoor climate, that influence the energy demand; 3. ‘energy performance certificate of a building’: a certificate recognised by the Member State or a legal person designated by it, which includes the energy performance of a building calculated according to a methodology based on the general framework set out in the Annex; 4. ‘CHP’ (combined heat and power): the simultaneous conversion of primary fuels into mechanical or electrical and thermal energy, meeting certain quality criteria of energy efficiency; 5. ‘air-conditioning system’: a combination of all components required to provide a form of air treatment in which temperature is controlled or can be lowered, possibly in combination with the control of ventilation, humidity and air cleanliness; 6. ‘boiler’: the combined boiler body and burner-unit designed to transmit to water the heat released from combustion; 7. ‘effective rated output (expressed in kW)’: the maximum calorific output specified and guaranteed by the manufacturer as being deliverable during continuous operation while complying with the useful efficiency indicated by the manufacturer; 8. ‘heat pump’: a device or installation that extracts heat at low temperature from air, water or earth and supplies the heat to the building.
Article 3 Adoption of a methodology
Member States shall apply a methodology, at national or regional level, of calculation of the energy performance of buildings on the basis of the general framework set out in the Annex to this Directive. The Commission shall adapt points 1 and 2 of the Annex to technical progress, taking into account standards or norms applied pursuant to national law. Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 14(2). This methodology shall be set at national or regional level. The energy performance of a building shall be expressed in a transparent manner and may include a CO 2 emission indicator.
Article 4 Setting of energy performance requirements
1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that minimum energy performance requirements for buildings are set, based on the methodology referred to in Article 3. When setting requirements, Member States may differentiate between new and existing buildings and different categories of buildings. These requirements shall take account of general indoor climate conditions, in order to avoid possible negative effects such as inadequate ventilation, as well as local conditions and the designated function and the age of the building. These requirements shall be reviewed at regular intervals which should not be longer than five years and, if necessary, updated in order to reflect technical progress in the building sector. 2. The energy performance requirements shall be applied in accordance with Articles 5 and 6. 3. Member States may decide not to set or apply the requirements referred to in paragraph 1 for the following categories of buildings: — buildings and monuments officially protected as part of a designated environment or because of their special architectural or historic merit, where compliance with the requirements would unacceptably alter their character or appearance, — buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities, — temporary buildings with a planned time of use of two years or less, industrial sites, workshops and non-residential agricultural buildings with low energy demand and non-residential agricultural buildings which are in use by a sector covered by a national sectoral agreement on energy performance, — residential buildings which are intended to be used less than four months of the year, — stand-alone buildings with a total useful floor area of less than 50 m 2 .
Article 5 New buildings
Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that new buildings meet the minimum energy performance requirements referred to in Article 4. For new buildings with a total useful floor area over 1 000 m 2 , Member States shall ensure that the technical, environmental and economic feasibility of alternative systems such as: — decentralised energy supply systems based on renewable energy, — CHP, — district or block heating or cooling, if available, — heat pumps, under certain conditions, is considered and is taken into account before construction starts.
Article 6 Existing buildings
Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that when buildings with a total useful floor area over 1 000 m 2 undergo major renovation, their energy performance is upgraded in order to meet minimum requirements in so far as this is technically, functionally and economically feasible. Member States shall derive these minimum energy performance requirements on the basis of the energy performance requirements set for buildings in accordance with Article 4. The requirements may be set either for the renovated building as a whole or for the renovated systems or components when these are part of a renovation to be carried out within a limited time period, with the abovementioned objective of improving the overall energy performance of the building.
Article 7 Energy performance certificate
1. Member States shall ensure that, when buildings are constructed, sold or rented out, an energy performance certificate is made available to the owner or by the owner to the prospective buyer or tenant, as the case might be. The validity of the certificate shall not exceed 10 years. Certification for apartments or units designed for separate use in blocks may be based: — on a common certification of the whole building for blocks with a common heating system, or — on the assessment of another representative apartment in the same block. Member States may exclude the categories referred to in Article 4(3) from the application of this paragraph. 2. The energy performance certificate for buildings shall include reference values such as current legal standards and benchmarks in order to make it possible for consumers to compare and assess the energy performance of the building. The certificate shall be accompanied by recommendations for the cost-effective improvement of the energy performance. The objective of the certificates shall be limited to the provision of information and any effects of these certificates in terms of legal proceedings or otherwise shall be decided in accordance with national rules. 3. Member States shall take measures to ensure that for buildings with a total useful floor area over 1 000 m 2 occupied by public authorities and by institutions providing public services to a large number of persons and therefore frequently visited by these persons an energy certificate, not older than 10 years, is placed in a prominent place clearly visible to the public. The range of recommended and current indoor temperatures and, when appropriate, other relevant climatic factors may also be clearly displayed.
Article 8 Inspection of boilers
With regard to reducing energy consumption and limiting carbon dioxide emissions, Member States shall either: (a) lay down the necessary measures to establish a regular inspection of boilers fired by non-renewable liquid or solid fuel of an effective rated output of 20 kW to 100 kW. Such inspection may also be applied to boilers using other fuels. Boilers of an effective rated output of more than 100 kW shall be inspected at least every two years. For gas boilers, this period may be extended to four years. For heating installations with boilers of an effective rated output of more than 20 kW which are older than 15 years, Member States shall lay down the necessary measures to establish a one-off inspection of the whole heating installation. On the basis of this inspection, which shall include an assessment of the boiler efficiency and the boiler sizing compared to the heating requirements of the building, the experts shall provide advice to the users on the replacement of the boilers, other modifications to the heating system and on alternative solutions; or (a) lay down the necessary measures to establish a regular inspection of boilers fired by non-renewable liquid or solid fuel of an effective rated output of 20 kW to 100 kW. Such inspection may also be applied to boilers using other fuels. Boilers of an effective rated output of more than 100 kW shall be inspected at least every two years. For gas boilers, this period may be extended to four years. For heating installations with boilers of an effective rated output of more than 20 kW which are older than 15 years, Member States shall lay down the necessary measures to establish a one-off inspection of the whole heating installation. On the basis of this inspection, which shall include an assessment of the boiler efficiency and the boiler sizing compared to the heating requirements of the building, the experts shall provide advice to the users on the replacement of the boilers, other modifications to the heating system and on alternative solutions; or (b) take steps to ensure the provision of advice to the users on the replacement of boilers, other modifications to the heating system and on alternative solutions which may include inspections to assess the efficiency and appropriate size of the boiler. The overall impact of this approach should be broadly equivalent to that arising from the provisions set out in (a). Member States that choose this option shall submit a report on the equivalence of their approach to the Commission every two years.
Article 9 Inspection of air-conditioning systems
With regard to reducing energy consumption and limiting carbon dioxide emissions, Member States shall lay down the necessary measures to establish a regular inspection of air-conditioning systems of an effective rated output of more than 12 kW. This inspection shall include an assessment of the air-conditioning efficiency and the sizing compared to the cooling requirements of the building. Appropriate advice shall be provided to the users on possible improvement or replacement of the air-conditioning system and on alternative solutions.
Article 10 Independent experts
Member States shall ensure that the certification of buildings, the drafting of the accompanying recommendations and the inspection of boilers and air-conditioning systems are carried out in an independent manner by qualified and/or accredited experts, whether operating as sole traders or employed by public or private enterprise bodies.
Article 11 Review
The Commission, assisted by the Committee established by Article 14, shall evaluate this Directive in the light of experience gained during its application, and, if necessary, make proposals with respect to, inter alia : (a) possible complementary measures referring to the renovations in buildings with a total useful floor area less than 1 000 m 2 ; (b) general incentives for further energy efficiency measures in buildings.
Article 12 Information
Member States may take the necessary measures to inform the users of buildings as to the different methods and practices that serve to enhance energy performance. Upon Member States' request, the Commission shall assist Member States in staging the information campaigns concerned, which may be dealt with in Community programmes.
Article 13 Adaptation of the framework
Points 1 and 2 of the Annex shall be reviewed at regular intervals, which shall not be shorter than two years. Adaptations of points 1 and 2 of the Annex to this Directive to technical progress, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 14(2).
Article 14 
Committee procedure 1. The Commission shall be assisted by a committee. 2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5a(1) to (4) and Article 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.
Article 15 Transposition
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive at the latest on 4 January 2006. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made. 2. Member States may, because of lack of qualified and/or accredited experts, have an additional period of three years to apply fully the provisions of Articles 7, 8 and 9. When making use of this option, Member States shall notify the Commission, providing the appropriate justification together with a time schedule with respect to the further implementation of this Directive.
Article 16 Entry into force
This Directive shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities .
Article 17 Addressees
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.