San Esteban de Gormaz
The "kaid" of Zaragoza had been a participant in the campaign of Galib ibn Abd al-Rahman in the spring, but he appears to have left the expedition before the victory at the Battle of San Esteban de Gormaz in 978. The forces of the Kingdom of Pamplona, under Sancho II Garcés Abarca, Ramiro's half-brother, were also engaged at Gormaz, where they were defeated alongside the Castilians under García Fernández. The "kaid" was on the road to Zaragoza when he encountered a Christian army under Ramiro Garcés. The chief source for the encounter is the "Muqtabis" of Ibn Hayyan, whose account of these years is derived directly from the so-called "Anales palatinos" ("palatine annals") of Isa ibn Ahmad-Razi: