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The island was bombed by the Japanese during World War II and most of its population moved to nearby Elcho Island. After the war, the Island continued to be used as a Royal Australian Air Force base, before the missionaries returned in 1951. The Mission continued to administer the island until 1974 when administration was transferred to Milingimbi Community Incorporated. In 2008 Milingimbi became part of the East Arnhem Regional Council, which took over local government.