徐树铮
From 1919 to 1921, a Chinese army led by Xu Shuzheng occupied Outer Mongolia. This period ended when White Russian General Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg protected independence of Mongolia, who deported the Chinese occupation army from Outer Mongolia The Han percentage of the industrial labor force dropped from 63 percent to 10 percent in 1932. The Oirat Kalmyk Mongol Ja Lama attempted to set up an Oirat separatist state around Khovd in western Outer Mongolia, hoping to unite the Oirat tribes in Dzungaria and western Mongolia to form a new Oirat empire like the Dzungar Khanate. Ja Lama claimed to be the grandson and the reincarnation of the Dzungar leader Amursana.