Phalaris arundinacea
Habitat loss due to fragmentation through agriculture and development, suppression of fire, incursions by invasive species, especially reed canary grass ("Phalaris arundinacea"), dogwood ("Cornus" sp.), leafy spurge ("Euphorbia esula"), St. John's wort ("Hypericum" spp.), and buckthorn ("Rhamnus" spp.), changes in hydrology, loss of pollinators, hybridization and environmental challenges to the obligate mycorrhizae that support this species are all responsible for its decline. It also has a low seed set caused by often unpollinated flowers. Pollinators for this flower include andrenid and halictid bees. They are observed entering the lip of the flower from the opening to deposit pollen on the stigma while simultaneously brushing the anther to pick up more pollen.