Battle of Hattin
At the decisive Battle of Hattin in 1187 the "Historia Regni Hierosolymitani" records 4,000 turcopoles as being part of the defeated Christian army. However the historian Steven Runciman considers this number exaggerated, and notes that the Muslem light cavalry present were probably better armed than the turcopoles. The turcopoles captured at Hattin were executed at Saladin's order, as having betrayed Islam.