الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي الألماني
It originally pursued these goals from August 1914, as an opposition group, the "International Group," within the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). It called itself the "Spartakusgruppe" (Spartacus Group) from 1916, and joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and split off from the SPD.