バルト・ドイツ人
Baltic German outlying estates were frequent targets of local Bolsheviks (as portrayed in the film, "Coup de Grâce") and the combination of local Bolsheviks and nationalists following independence brought about land nationalisations and a displacement of Baltic Germans from positions of authority. Baltic Germans of the Livonian Governorate found themselves in two new countries, both of which introduced sweeping agrarian reforms aimed at the large land owners, an absolute majority of whom were Germans.