Allgemeine Theorie der Beschäftigung, des Zinses und des Geldes
Animal spirits is the term John Maynard Keynes used in his 1936 book "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money" to describe the instincts, proclivities and emotions that ostensibly influence and guide human behavior, and which can be measured in terms of, for example, consumer confidence. It has since been argued that trust is also included in or produced by "animal spirits".