Description de l'Égypte
When Napoleon invited the Egyptian "ulama" to head a French-supervised government in Egypt, for some, it awakened a sense of nationalism and a patriotic desire for national independence from the Ottomans. In addition, the French introduced the printing press in Egypt and published its first newspaper. The monumental catalogue of Egypt's ecology, society and economy, "Description de l'Égypte", was written by scholars and scientists who accompanied the French army on their expedition.