Tungusic languages
The vocabulary is typical of Northeastern Mandarin, with such characteristic words as 俺們 for 'we', дэй3фань4 "dei3fan4" for 'food' and 日頭 for 'sun'. There are a few loanwords from Tungusic languages, such as араки "ar'aki" 'wine', яцзига "yajiga" 'daughter' (Udege "ajiga"), etc. Исима "yixima" 'rainbow trout' may be from Oroch.