Caloris Basin
Spudis and Prosser have suggested that Beethoven may possibly be late c3 in age or as old as early c2, which means that it is older than the Caloris Basin. The depth of Beethoven is estimated to be from the stereo derived digital elevation models based on "Mariner 10" images of the planet. This is significantly less than the depth of lunar basins of the similar size indicating that Beethoven probably has relaxed from its post impact shape. There is also a broad topographic rise in the north–west margin of Beethoven.