教皇不可謬説
The resurgent Church's dogma on the Syllabus of Errors (1864) and Papal infallibility (1871) were unattractive. For observant Protestants the encyclical "Apostolicae Curae" in 1896 had simply denied the validity of the Anglican hierarchy. In 1907 Modernism was proscribed in "Pascendi dominici gregis" and "Lamentabili sane", indicating that no Protestant, being a heretic, could ever be well regarded by a Catholic-led government.