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Semmler studied chemistry at the University of Straßburg and at the University of Breslau. He received is PhD in Breslau in 1887 and his habilitation at the University of Greifswald in 1890. From 1896 till 1907 Semmler was professor at the University of Greifswald. After a two-year time working with Hermann Emil Fischer in Berlin Semmler accepted a position at the University of Breslau.