オルドス地方
The title was first seen in a speech between 283 and 289, when the Xianbei chief Tuyuhun tried to escape from his younger stepbrother Murong Hui, and began his route from the Liaodong Peninsula to the areas of Ordos Desert. In the speech one of Murong's generals, Yinalou, addressed him as "kehan" (, later ); some sources suggests that Tuyuhun might also have used the title after settling at Qinghai Lake in the 3rd century.