Transmanchuriano
On July 1, 1903, the Chinese Eastern Railway was opened and given authority of its own CER Administration (Russian: "Upravleniye KVZhD"), vested in the Directors of the Chinese Eastern Railway, with the additional quality of Governors of the Chinese Eastern Railway Zone (in Harbin; as such being August 12, 1903 – July 1, 1905 subordinated to the imperial Viceroyalty of the Far East, see Lüshunkou). The post continued to function despite various political changes until after World War II.