The Lesser Key of Solomon
Blaise de Vigenère (1523–1596), following Reuchlin, featured the 72 angels in his writings. De Vigenère's material on the Shemhamphorash was later copied and expanded by Thomas Rudd (1583?–1656), who proposed that is was a key (but often missing) component to the magical practices in the "Lesser Key of Solomon", as a balancing force against the evil spirits of the "Ars Goetia" or in isolation. Skinner and Rankine explain that de Vigenère and Rudd adopted these triliteral words with '-el' or '-yah' (both Hebrew for "god") added to them as the names of the 72 angels that are able to bind the 72 evil spirits also described in "The Lesser Key of Solomon" (c. mid-17th century). The names of the angels used in Ambelain (1951) are also reported and attributed to Ambelain by Davidson in his "Dictionary of Angels" (1994).