Kapitan Cina
For example, Souw Beng Kong and Lim Lak Ko, the first two "Kapiteins der Chinezen" of Batavia, present-day Jakarta, started off as high-ranking courtiers and functionaries to the Sultans of Banten prior to their defection to the Dutch East India Company in the early seventeenth century. Similarly, the court title of "Chao Praya Chodeuk Rajasrethi" in Thailand under the early Chakri Dynasty combined the roles of Chinese headman and head of the Department of Eastern Affairs and Commerce. In the late nineteenth century, Kapitan Cina Yap Ah Loy, arguably the founding father of modern Kuala Lumpur, capital of Malaysia, served as Chinese headman while holding the Malay court position of "Sri Indra Perkasa Wijaya Bakti".