Élie Metchnikoff
In 1898, Noël Bernard, started a thesis on orchids at the Botany department of the Ecole Normale Supèrieure under Professor J. Constantin with a thesis entitled: "Studies on tuberization" in 1901. He also took a courses in microbiology at the Pasteur Institute, taught by Émile Duclaux, Roux and Élie Metchnikoff.