Eru Ilúvatar
Rutledge notes that in this way, Tolkien repeatedly hints at a higher power "that controls even the Ring itself, "even the maker of the Ring himself" [her italics]", and asks who or what that power might be. Her reply is that at the surface level, it means the Valar, "a race of created beings (analogous to the late-biblical angels)"; at a deeper level, it means "the One", Eru Ilúvatar, or in Christian terms, divine Providence.