Nguyễn Du
Written Chinese was the predominant writing language in Vietnam throughout the Lê dynasty, although written vernacular Vietnamese using chữ Nôm became increasingly popular in the 17th century. During the Lê dynasty, various forms of Vietnamese literature and art flourished, including poetry, painting, novels, [[hát tuồng]], [[chèo]], [[cải lương]], and [[ca trù]]. Many writers wrote in Hán tự or chữ Nôm; for example, [[Nguyễn Du]]'s "[[The Tale of Kiều]]", [[Đoàn Thị Điểm]]'s "[[Chinh phụ ngâm]]", and [[Nguyễn Gia Thiều]]'s "[[Cung oán ngâm khúc]]".