島津斉彬
Another theory says that "karukan" was invented in 1854 by a confectioner who was invited by Shimazu Nariakira, the leader of Satsuma Domain. And "fukuregashi", a kind of steamed cake with brown sugar, flour and baking soda, has also been produced in the area for a time. It is said that "karukan" was based on "fukuregashi".