Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
The Golden Square (, "al-Murabbaʿ al-dhahabī") or Four Colonels (, "al-ʿiqdā' al-arbaʿa") was a cabal of pro-Fascist army officers of the Iraqi armed forces who played a part in Iraqi politics throughout the 1930s and early 1940s. They conspired to overthrow the Hashemite monarchy in Iraq and expel the British presence in Iraq. The activities of the Golden Square culminated in supporting Rashid Ali al-Gaylani in his overthrow of government in 1941, briefly instituting the Golden Square 'National Defense Government'. However, the Anglo-Iraqi War resulted in the disbandment of the Golden Square.