契丹大字
According to the "History of the Jin Dynasty" there were two different Jurchen scripts: a "large script" that was devised in 1120 by command of Wanyan Aguda, the first emperor of the Jin dynasty; and a "small script" that was created in 1138 by the Emperor Xizong (r. 1135–1150), but which was first officially used in 1145. However, all the extant examples of Jurchen writing, including the "Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters" ("Nǚzhēn Yìyǔ", ) and various monumental inscriptions, are written in basically the same script, which is similar in form to the Khitan large script. Various theories have been suggested to account for the apparent lack of a Jurchen small script in the extant corpus of monumental inscriptions and manuscript texts.